ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study describes 6- and 12-month outcomes in a referral cohort with anxiety disorders and identifies treatment and prognostic factors related to these outcomes. Patients were recruited at three general hospital clinics, two psychologist-run clinics, and one psychiatric hospital clinic. Outcomes included severity of symptoms, physical and mental health status, and subjective global change in problem severity. Of 254 patients eligible for follow-up, 165 (65.0%) completed a follow-up questionnaire. Methods of treatment included consultation with return to the primary care physician (38.2%); or continued treatment at the clinic, with medications (16.4%), psychotherapy (22.4%), or both (23.0%). Both severity of symptoms and mental health status improved but remained abnormal at follow-up. In multiple logistic regression, subjective global improvement was related to a diagnosis of panic disorder only, treatment with psychotherapy, and type of referral. Change over time in symptom severity was related to clinic type, and change over time in mental health was related to clinic type and duration of previous treatment.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Displacement activities (i.e.,self-directed behaviors such as self-touching, scratching, and self-grooming) are a reliable ethological indicator of increased emotional and physiological arousal throughout the phylogenetic scale. We hypothesized that, in alexithymic individuals, the failure to regulate cognitively distressing emotions might result in increased displacement behavior. The nonverbal behavior of 30 patients with depressive or anxiety disorders was video-recorded during psychiatric interviews and analyzed using an ethological scoring system. Before being interviewed, each patient completed the Twenty-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the state form of the State-Trait Anxiety Index (STAI-S). Ethological data confirmed the hypothesis of the study. The patients with more pronounced alexithymic features showed a significantly higher frequency of displacement activities during interviews. At the same time, these patients reported levels of self-rated anxiety and depression equivalent to those reported by nonalexithymic patients. Such a dissociation between cognitive appraisal of emotion and nonverbal behavior reflecting increased emotional arousal supports the view that alexithymia implies a failure to elevate emotions from a preconceptual level of organization to the conceptual level of mental representations.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study considers the potential role of core beliefs (unconditional schema-level representations) in the relationship between recalled parenting in childhood and major depression in adulthood, comparing a group of depressed outpatients (N= 60) with a healthy community sample (N= 67). The depressed group were differentiated by poorer perceived parenting (low care and high overprotection) and by three unhealthy core beliefs (defectiveness/shame, self-sacrifice, and insufficient self-control). Among nonclinical participants, it appears that vulnerability to harm beliefs act as a partial mediator of the relationship between poor paternal care and the development of depressive features. In contrast, a broader set of core beliefs appears to mediate the relationship of maternal bonding and paternal overprotection with depressive symptoms among the depressed group. The findings suggest that clinical work with adults with major depression might need to take account of parental style. Where parents are reported to be uncaring or overprotective, cognitive-behavioral therapy might need to include a schema-focused component.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with the dissociative symptomatology of borderline patients. The Dissociative Experiences Scale-a 28-item self-report measure that has well documented reliability and validity-was administered to 290 criteria-defined borderline patients and 72 axis II comparison subjects. Semistructured interviews pertaining to difficult childhood experiences and adult experiences of being a victim of violence were administered to these patients blind to diagnostic status. In the sample of borderline patients alone, multiple regression analyses revealed that four risk factors were found to be significantly associated with the level of dissociation reported by these 290 patients: inconsistent treatment by a caretaker, sexual abuse by a caretaker, witnessing sexual violence as a child, and adult rape history. In the combined sample of axis II patients, the borderline diagnosis joined these four "traumatic" factors as a significant predictor of the overall level of dissociation reported by these 362 personality-disordered inpatients. The results of this study suggest that both sexual trauma and something intrinsic to the borderline diagnosis itself are risk factors for dissociative phenomena among borderline patients.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The objective of this study was to compare personality trait profiles in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Male outpatients with schizophrenia (N= 24) and a male nonpsychiatric community sample (N= 46) completed the NEO-FFI personality questionnaire. Multivariate analyses were used to compare mean scale scores and scale profiles for each group. The overall personality profile of clinically stable patients with schizophrenia differed significantly from that of a community sample. On individual scales, patients scored significantly higher on neuroticism and significantly lower on conscientiousness. These results confirm and extend those of previous studies that used normative data for comparison and a much longer version of the same personality questionnaire. Prospective studies of populations at risk are needed to determine whether group differences reflect a premorbid diathesis for schizophrenia or a secondary effect of serious mental illness.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A review of quantitative research studies published between 1992 and 1996 in five major adolescent journals revealed that 11.8% (109 of 922) included a measure of religion. This percentage (11.8%) is 3 to 10 times higher than that found in previous reviews of empirical research in psychological and psychiatric journals, suggesting that adolescent research journals are more sensitive to the role of religious factors on mental health than research in related disciplines. The results are discussed in the context and philosophy of the adolescent research and in comparison with related disciplines.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID