ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Patients with multiple personality disorder (MPD) often present with subtle dissociative signs and symptoms rather than with the clear-cut, overt dissociative signs and symptoms usually associated with MPD. Because most MPD patients usually conceal their condition, there are only limited periods in their lives when they show florid, overt symptoms that can be easily diagnosed. During these other times, MPD patients often show subtle dissociative signs in their affects, thoughts, memories, behaviors, object relations, and transferences. These indirect manifestations of MPD are evidence of the patient's dissociative pathology and occur when their alters influence each other, partly emerge, or subtly shift. A familiarity with these subtle dissociative signs would allow the therapist to be aware of what MPD looks like when it is camouflaged and expressed indirectly. A recognition of these indirect manifestations would enable the clinician to suspect the diagnosis, explore the possible alters, and diagnose the patient's underlying dissociative pathology when present.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recall of a short story is ordinarily the same whether it is heard in the left, right, or both ears. It has been reported that many patients with severe cerebral dysfunctions (including brain damage, major psychiatric disorders, and learning disabilities in children) perform much better with one ear than the other (monaural asymmetry) and that binaural performance is worse than with the better ear alone (binaural interference). Blocking the poorer ear with an earplug is said to significantly improve speech comprehension in daily life. Because of the theoretical and practical significance of these reports, we have attempted a replication. We studied patients with anterior temporal lobectomy because it was proposed that the underlying mechanism of monaural asymmetry and binaural interference in all clinical categories may involve temporal lesions or abnormal inhibition of one temporal lobe by the other. We were unable to confirm the previous reports.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thirty-one patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and 26 patients with Huntington disease (HD) were assessed using new scales to measure apathy and irritability. An existing scale was used to assess aggression. A similar prevalence of apathy and irritability was found in the two groups. The HD patients were more aggressive than the AD patients. In a subsample of the two groups, matched for degree of cognitive impairment, the HD patients were found to be more apathetic than the AD group. Irritability was related to be the premorbid trait of “bad temper” in HD but not in AD. There was no interrelationship among the three symptoms in either group.The scales for irritability and apathy have both interrater and test-retest reliability. They are able to differentiate patients with AD and HD from normal, disease-free control subjects. The usefulness of these scales, in relation to preexisting scales, is discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A consecutive series of 105 outpatients with Parkinson's disease (PD) were examined for the presence of depression. Twenty-one percent met diagnostic criteria for major depression, 20% had minor depression, and the remainder were not depressed. The frequency of depression showed a bimodal distribution over time, with highest frequencies occurring in the early and late stages of the disease. Although other factors such as a positive family history of psychiatric disorders, quality of social functioning, and severity of tremor, rigidity, and akinesia did not show a significant association with depression, depressed patients had significantly higher impairment scores in activities of daily living and cognitive function than nondepressed PD patients. There was also a significant correlation between impairment and depression scores. In addition, among patients with mainly unilateral symptoms, depression was significantly associated with greater left hemisphere involvement.These findings suggest that depression in the early stages of the disease may be related to left hemisphere dysfunction, while later in the disease, depression and impairment in activities of daily living are interrelated. This may indicate more than one etiology of depression or that depression may have an adverse impact on the course of the disease.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors examined potential risk factors for suicide among 38 Vietnam veterans using 46 Vietnam veterans who died from motor vehicle accidents as a comparison group. The veterans were selected from Los Angeles County Medical Examiner's file (1977-1982). Data for these veterans were obtained from military service records, the coroner's reports, and the psychological autopsy conducted with the decedents' family members. No military service factor was associated with suicide.The characteristics of Vietnam veteran suicide cases were not substantially different from non-Vietnam veteran suicide cases with respect to known demographic risk factors. The psychological profile of Vietnam veteran suicide cases are also similar to non-Vietnam veteran suicide cases in most instances. Symptoms related to posttraumatic stress disorder were observed more frequently among suicide cases than accident cases. However, suicides were not associated with specific combat experiences or military occupation. The extent of combat experience in Vietnam per se as measured in this study is not a good predictor of suicide death.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In this study we inquire whether children and adolescents with suicidal ideation can be differentiated from children who attempt suicide on the basis of clinical symptoms or social grounds. From a total of 2181 consecutive outpatient referrals to a child and adolescent psychiatry service, 258 young persons who exhibited suicidal ideation are compared with 82 who had actually attempted suicide.We were unable to differentiate children with suicidal thoughts from those who attempted suicide on the basis of clinical symptoms alone. Both groups had similar high levels of symptoms of depression, anxiety, sleep disorder, and irritability. Conduct disorders were less common in both groups but 22% of the attempters abused illicit drugs or alcohol. Suicide attempts were more likely to be associated with chronic family discord and substance abuse. For boys, the odds of suicidal attempts were substantially increased if the subject had experienced loss.Results are discussed with reference to antecedents that may increase the odds of suicidal attempt and suggestions for future research are outlined.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Past research on the relationship between mood disorders and violent behavior has been inconsistent, sometimes finding a relationship between the two and sometimes finding no relationship. Any relationship is arguably complex, and this area of research would benefit from attempts to clarify the relationship. This paper addresses this issue of complexity by examining the relationship between specific mood disorder categories and symptoms and six conceptually different indicators of violent behavior. Relationships are analyzed in logistic regression models where demographic and problem drinking variables are included to control variation that may be accounted for by these factors. The study uses a sample of 1140 recently incarcerated male felons. Psychiatric disorder diagnoses are based on the Diagnostic Interview Schedule.There is evidence of a direct relationship between a lifetime diagnosis of dysthymia and an arrest or incarceration history for robbery as well as with multiple incidents of fighting since age 18. Recurrent depression was significantly associated with a robbery incarceration history. Depression symptoms (regardless of whether a disorder diagnosis was made) were associated with multiple incidents of fighting since age 18. Manic symptoms were inconsistently associated with “expressive” violence and a number of mood disorder/violence models showed no significant relationship between the two.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Self reports of criminal activity are known to be valid in general populations. Little is known about the validity of self-reports of crime in psychiatric inpatients. A group of 41 psychiatric inpatients had their self-reported arrests contrasted with their official arrest records. Sixty-six percent of the patients gave accurate reports. Twelve percent denied having arrests when their record showed arrests. Twenty-two percent reported arrests when their official records showed none. The authors discuss the implications of these findings.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study examined the possible mediating effects of hardiness and Type A behavior on the relationship between stressful life events and physical and psychological well-being in a Japanese male sample (N= 78). The ANOVA showed the main effects of hardiness on both physical symptoms and depression. It is indicated that hardiness protects individuals from both physical symptoms and depression. There was a significant stressful life events × Type A interaction, indicating that the Type As tended to possess physical symptoms even when stressful life events decreased. No three-way interaction among hardiness, Type A behavior, and stressful life events was found. The results suggested that hardiness and Type A were independently related to physical and psychological well-being. Implications for the influence of Japanese culture on hardiness and Type A behavior are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID