ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper analyzes the development of the concept of dissociation from 19th century psychological theory through 20th century neurophysiological thought. Recent research is discussed, indicating that normal individuals show an “association” between emitted pleasurable behavior and self-perception of pleasurable activity, whereas depressives and schizophrenics show a lack of association, or “dissociation,” between these measures. Concomitantly, depressives show an abnormal degree of association between the experience and expression of negative affect. Such a discrepancy in systems of affect is considered as both an important pathological element in mental disorder and also as a valuable new research tool for studying etiology, differential diagnosis, and therapeutic efficacy in psychobiological illness.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Evidence for differences in rates of psychiatric disorder by size of community is examined. Epidemiological studies reporting rates for specific diagnoses (treated and untreated) as well as those making only global assessments of psychiatric caseness are examined. An interesting trend toward higher rates of depressive disorders (excluding manic-depressive psychosis) in urban areas emerges. Differences in the availability of social support in communities of varying size is proposed as a possible explanation for this finding.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Naturalistic observations were used to monitor overt behavior in acutely ill psychiatric patients during hospitalization. Patients were observed on an individual basis in three different hospital locales: the inpatient wards, and the occupational and recreational therapy areas. The analysis was designed to determine which behaviors varied across locations as a function of the distance separating subjects and their nearest neighbors. Sex-related differences in behavior were also examined. Results showed: a) a modal distance of 1.0 to 1.5 meters separating individuals in all three locations; b) closer interpersonal distances between individuals in occupational therapy; c) significant differences in the frequency of selected behaviors in different functional areas; and d) closer interpersonal distances for females and a higher incidence of affiliative behavior by females toward males at close distances. Results are discussed in terms of environmental influences on behavioral responsiveness and sex differences in sociospatial behavior.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The clinical use of seclusion was studied prospectively on two acute treatment units of a university hospital. The incidence, frequency, duration, precipitant, and type of seclusion were documented for 59 secluded patients through 107 episodes and compared to 159 nonsecluded controls on a variety of demographic, diagnostic, and legal variables. Chronicity, legal status on admission, and race were patient characteristics correlated with the incidence of seclusion. Mental status and diagnosis were not significantly related to the incidence or the frequency of seclusion. Seclusion was used primarily to contain physical assault upon staff. There was no relationship between the precipitating event and duration of seclusion, nor any change in duration or restrictiveness of seclusion with repeated episodes. These findings differ markedly from previous reports. The clinical bias toward increased use of seclusion with committed, chronic, and black patients, as well as the independence of cause and duration of seclusion raise legal issues already being pursued in federal courts.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The author reports the use of a structured psychiatric interview for the routine initial evaluation of all referrals to an inpatient psychiatric consultation service during a 1-year period. Acceptance of this procedure by physician examiners and by patients was high. There was evidence that the structured interview was a useful diagnostic tool and did not interfere with patient rapport. The advantages of structured interviews for routine clinical evaluations are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study sought to discover situational and individual variables which modify the emotional stress experienced by adolescent mothers. Sixty-four black mothers between 14 and 19 years of age were interviewed. The results of a regression equation showed that the amount of support received by an adolescent mother accounted for the greatest amount of variance in emotional stress. Adolescents who received high levels of support, not only from individuals and institutions but also from their psychological resource of self-esteem, reported lower levels of stress than those mothers who had low levels of support. A third important predictor variable was coping style. Adolescent mothers who used direct action as their method of coping with their problems reported lower levels of stress than did mothers who dealt with the emotional effects of the problem, redefined, or avoided the problem.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This report presents the theoretical basis and some evidence to support the concept that most back, neck, and shoulder pain is due to a psychophysiological process in muscle and nerve tissue known as tension myositis. Descriptive data on age, past history of associated psychosomatic disorders, mode of onset of pain, patterns of pain location and tenderness, the latter considered the hallmark of tension myositis, and certain neurological correlates, suggest that it is the major cause of back pain rather than structural aberrations of the spine. It is suggested that success or failure in the conventional treatment of back pain is evidence for a psychosomatic process, via the placebo mechanism.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Serum neuroleptic levels and clinical response have been compared serially in 10 schizophrenic patients treated with a variety of neuroleptics using a novel radioreceptor assay for neuroleptics. In this assay the drug in serum competes with [3H]spiroperidol for binding to dopamine receptors on membranes of the caudate nucleus. Serum neuroleptic levels, expressed in terms of dopamine receptor occupancy, were similar for most neuroleptics at therapeutic doses. Thioridazine levels were substantially higher than those of other neuroleptics.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The reaction time crossover (redundancy associated deficit) scores of 28 process schizophrenics, selected for the presence of crossover, were correlated with the crossover scores of 53 of their first-degree relatives (one to five relatives for each patient). The resulting product-moment correlation coefficient was .27 (p≤ .05), thus lending support to the notion of a familial factor in reaction time crossover.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID