ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study presents analyses on questionnaire data collected from a panel of 520 gay men at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome, enrolled in the Coping and Change Study (1985—1987). The data were assessed to determine the association of social support and coping styles with subsequent depression and global distress and to investigate whether these predictors of mental health are stable or transient over time. Three different measures of the subjective, qualitative nature of social support were significantly associated with subsequent mental health. Those who reported a subjective sense of isolation experienced significantly more adverse mental health 6 months later at all three measurement periods. Scattered effects were found for perceived social conflict and perceived social support from others. These results indicate that certain types of social support appear to influence mental health in this cohort and, furthermore, that some associations are transient and others more stable over time.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relationship between basic information processing and social cognitive problem solving (SCPS) was studied in 31 schizophrenic, 16 depressive, and 31 control subjects. The clinical subjects were assessed twice, during symptom exacerbation and 3 months later, after partial remission. Control subjects were tested during the same time period. Subjects completed a means-ends problem-solving test, an alternative solution generation task, and an information-processing test battery. Results showed that schizophrenic subjects demonstrated significant improvement in a number of information-processing indices over time. No significant changes on the social cognitive problem-solving variables were found. Furthermore, all three groups demonstrated different patterns of relationships between information processing and social cognitive problem solving. Implications for treatment are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Indices of agreement of six definitions of mania and four definitions of schizoaffective mania were calculated in a series of 81 manically disturbed patients. In particular, the concordance of the manic triad definition of overactivity, pressure of speech, and manic mood with stricter definitions was measured. The agreement among criteria was generally low for mania and even lower for schizoaffective mania. Although the manic triad definition diagnoses a wider range of patients, its coverage is less than might be expected from the small number of symptoms included in the definition. Tighter constructs of mania generally do not seem much more valid.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The present study investigated the relationship between reaction time crossover and schizotypy as measured by Chapman's Physical Anhedonia Scale (PAS). Twenty PAS-identi-fied schizotypal college students and 20 nonschizotypal students were administered a computerized version of Rodnick and Shakow's crossover reaction time task. The hypothesized interaction (crossover) between preparatory interval duration and preparatory interval presentation pattern was observed for PAS-identified schizotypics. Results indicated that subjects identified on the basis of the PAS evidenced reaction time crossover patterns similar to those observed in schizophrenic and at-risk populations.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors selected at random every fourth inpatient chart (N= 79) of patients enrolled in a schizophrenia clinic for analysis of substance use patterns and psychiatric hospitalizations. Patients were divided into three groups based on operationally defined lifetime drug use histories: a) cocaine and other substance use; b) substance use without cocaine; and c) no substance use. All available hospital records were examined for presenting symptoms and psychosocial functioning at admission, neuroleptic dosing, and hospital management. Cocaine-using schizophrenics had significantly higher hospitalization rates than other substance-using or non-using patients. No differences were found in hospital presenting symptoms among any cohort. However, the cocaine-using schizophrenic patients demonstrated significantly higher rates of suicidal ideation after cocaine use compared with their own noncocaine-associated hospitalizations or the other groups. The cocaine group also received higher neuroleptic doses by the fifth and sixth weeks of hospitalization compared with their own non-cocaine-associated hospitalizations and with the other groups. This suggests that cocaine use in schizophrenia is associated with poorer illness course and increased hospitalization, including higher rates of suicidal ideation and greater neuroleptic dose.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Empirical studies that have used DSM and ICD criteria with people who are mentally retarded were reviewed. They included both studies using clinical interviews and case notes for diagnosis and those using behavioral checklists. The merits of these methods, which have hitherto developed relatively independently, were critically evaluated. Areas for future development include: the application of the psychometric rigor, hitherto associated with behavioral checklists, to diagnosis based on clinical interviews and case notes; the development of broader and associated measures of the integrity of the diagnostic process; and the development and piloting of new criteria for some disorders for use with people with severe and profound mental retardation where current diagnostic criteria are inappropriate with this population.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper reports a study that examines the relations between Dyskinesia Identification System: Condensed User Scale (DISCUS) scores and a battery of postural and movement kinematic measures in a group of adults diagnosed as being developmentally disabled and screened as having tardive dyskinesia. The results showed that finger tremor measures correlated with the tongue tremor and pill rolling items of DISCUS, whereas the postural stability scores correlated with the toe movement item of DISCUS and the total DISCUS score. There was also a high stability in subject kinematic performance from trial to trial over the postural and movement tests. The pattern of correlations between the DISCUS items and movement, kinematic measures is consistent with the proposition that tremor is a centrally rather than peripherally driven phenomenon, although many factors contribute to emergent tremors. These findings provide construct and content validity for the DISCUS as a screening device for tardive dyskinesia and suggest that certain posture and movement kinematic measures could be sensitive measuring methods for tardive dyskinesia in developmentally disabled populations.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper illustrates the advantages of time series analysis in documenting treatment effects through a case study of a trial of fluoxetine in a borderline woman being treated in a long-term inpatient unit for severe personality disorders. Data consisted of weekly self-reports of symptomatology over 58 weeks of hospitalization. Intervention analysis carried out after the patient was discharged documented the effectiveness of the medication and the differential timing of response in individual symptoms.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID