ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

were positively or negatively correlated; and b) to investigate potential predictors/mediators of suicide risk alone, violence risk alone, and risk for both suicide and violence. Suicide risk and violence risk were considered outcome variables. The predictor/mediator variables were eight ego defense mechanisms and 13 dysfunctional personality styles (both have been linked to aggressive risk). Seventy-four male alcoholics were administered questionnaire measures of suicide risk and violence risk, defenses, and disordered personality functioning. Results indicated that suicide and violence risk were significantly positively correlated. Three sets of predictor/mediator variables were identified: those predicting violence risk alone, those predicting suicide risk alone, and those predicting combined aggressive risk (risk for both suicide and violence). Connections obtained between predictor/mediator variables and outcome variables were explained in the context of existent clinical theory.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study evaluated the clinical correlates and inpatient course of self-mutilation in a diagnostically diverse sample of hospitalized forensic patients. Fifty-three male forensic inpatients, treated in a maximum-security hospital, who engaged in at least one instance of self-mutilation during a 2-year period, were studied and compared with 50 male forensic patients at the same hospital who had not engaged in self-mutilation. Self-mutilating patients were younger, more likely to carry a diagnosis of personality disorder or mental retardation, engaged in more outwardly directed aggressive behavior as assessed by the Overt Aggression Scale, were treated with substantially higher doses of neuroleptics, and were more likely to be civil or correctional patients than insanity acquittees. The two groups did not differ on variables such as history of suicide, history of violence, neurological characteristics, and other demographic variables. After an incident of self-mutilation, the probability of recurrence was high. The substantially higher level of outwardly directed aggression of self-mutilating patients, along with their higher apparent need for neuroleptization and the high risk of recurrence of the self-mutilation, suggest that they are a subset of violent individuals who are relatively unresponsive to treatment and who are dangerous to self and others.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The present study was designed to determine the utility of pretreatment data in predicting completion and dropout from adolescent substance abuse treatment. One hundred thirty two consecutively admitted adolescents (mean age=16.4 years; 93 male subjects, 39 female subjects) with significant substance abuse were administered a battery of standardized substance abuse, psychopathology, and social questionnaires immediately after admission to an intensive, set-length substance abuse treatment program. Seventy-four adolescents completed the program. Using discriminant function analyses, five pretreatment measures were found to predict treatment completion in male subjects, including: greater severity of problems with alcohol; greater use of drugs other than alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco; higher degree of internalizing problems; and lower self-esteem. Significant predictors for completion by female subjects were not found. The role of treatment readiness and motivation for male subjects is examined, and the lack of significant findings for female subjects is discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study addressed the importance of medical record information in determining the presence of psychotic symptoms in first-admission patients. A sample of 232 first-admission inpatients screened for psychotic symptoms by facility personnel was administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-3-R (SCID) followed by a medical record review and interview with a significant other. Medical records were unavailable for sixteen patients. These patients were more often female, married, and more suspicious than patients whose records were reviewed. Of those having interviews and record reviews, 49 showed no clear evidence of psychosis. The remainder were divided into three groups: 97 subjects who revealed all of their psychotic symptoms during the interview (SCID-ALL); 61 who revealed only some of their delusions or hallucinations during the interview (SCID-PART); and 25 who revealed none of this information during the interview but whose records clearly described psychosis (SCID-NONE). The three groups were reasonably similar demographically and with respect to clinical history. Clinically, at the time of interview, SCID-NONE subjects were less often still psychotic, were rated on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale as less depressed, more withdrawn, less cooperative and less severely ill, and had poorer insight ratings on the Hamilton Depression Scale.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In this article the development, utility, reliability, and validity of the Inventory for Deja vu Experiences Assessment (IDEA) are described. The IDEA is a 23-item self-administered questionnaire consisting of a general section of nine questions and a qualitative section of 14 questions. The latter questions comprise 48 topics. The questionnaire appeared to be a user-friendly instrument with satisfactory to good reliability and validity. The IDEA permits the study of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of deja vu experiences.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The many tasks used for clinical memory assessment have not been compared systematically for their usefulness in differentiating dementia and depression in old age. The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify those attributes of memory tasks that show high discriminative power. Eighty-nine effect-sizes were calculated out of 16 publications directly comparing demented and depressed patients. Outliers in the effect-size distribution (5% of the highest values) were excluded. The groups could be significantly better differentiated by delayed retrieval tasks rather than immediate retrieval tasks. Tasks with distraction before retrieval reached higher effect sizes than retrieval tasks without distraction. Tasks of high-capacity demand differentiated the groups significantly better than tasks of moderate and low demand. Effect-size magnitude was not influenced by patient characteristics except severity of dementia. Thus, demented and depressed patients may best be differentiated by a memory task that uses delayed retrieval with distraction.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Eighteen married mothers of infants and toddlers were evaluated before and after 12 weeks of antidepressant treatment for major depressive disorder. The women were assessed at baseline on Snyder's marital disaffection and disharmony subscales and on selected clinical measures to evaluate these factors as correlates of remission. Remission was defined as a Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score ≥7 at week 12. Twelve women remitted; six did not. Nonremitted women reported high disaffection toward their husband, were in an episode of which the onset was not childbirth related (i.e., onset not within 3 months after giving birth), or their youngest child was older than 6 months. Results showed that initial symptom severity was no different for the nonremitted and remitted women. Thus, the relationships between low disaffection, late onset, and not having a child under 6 months and nonremission appear to be independent of initial severity of depressive symptoms.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Data from a clinical trial of consumer-delivered case management services were used to construct an explanatory model for attitudes toward medication compliance, focusing on psychosocial factors. A regression model explaining attitudes toward medication compliance shows that more positive attitudes toward compliance are related to older age, fewer symptoms, and a broader array of daily activities involving social relations. Participation in social activities is a practical goal of psychosocial rehabilitation services that support compliance with medication regimens and psychiatric treatment.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID