摘要:

An anxiety state is a cluster of symptoms based on fear, the source of which is not recognized by the patient. The anxiety may be sustained, but more often is episodic from a few minutes to hours or days. The chief symptoms are those of anxiety and its physical concomitants in the absence of other illness and independent of specific situations; they include breathing and swallowing difficulties, palpitations, dizziness, irritability, and faintness. Depression, phobias, and obsessions are common complications. The syndrome occurs in young adults of both sexes and its course may be acute or chronic. Acute forms may present in epidemics which are culture bound,e.g., Koro and epidemic hysteria. Chronic forms can fluctuate and persist for many years without other physical or psychiatric syndromes appearing. Between attacks the patient feels fairly well. Prevalence is estimated at 2 to 5 per cent of the normal population and 6 to 27 per cent of psychiatric outpatients. The syndrome requires differentiation from depressive and phobic disorders and from physical conditions which produce anxiety.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether there are recognizable psychological characteristics of predictive value in identifying future physician suicides. A retrospective-prospective design was used. The 33 subjects were a subset of the 1198 medical students who were both participants in the long term Study of the Precursors of Hypertension and Coronary Disease and graduates from the medical school. The group consisted of nine suicides, two matched controls for each suicide, and six distractors. Using a wide range of materials collected for other purposes, a psychiatrist, blind to the number of the suicides and controls, as well as to the criteria for selection of controls, was able to identify the nine suicides correctly.On a rank ordering of the 33 subjects for suicide potential, the suicides occupied the first nine places. There was also a highly significant correlation between the reviewer's rating for suicide potential and the dichotomy, suicide-nonsuicide. The reviewer's ratings on eight categories from the Lorr Outpatient Mood Scale and on five selected dimensions adapted from the Katz Adjustment Scales significantly separated the suicides from the controls. Psychopathology scores were higher for the suicides than for the controls, and the Minnesota-Hartford Personality Assay revealed that the suicides were rated significantly higher than the controls on many personality factors, particularly self-destructive tendency, depression, and guilty self-concept. These findings are briefly discussed and possible explanations for the success in identifying the nine suicides are suggested. The results are provocative and strongly imply that the suicide group differs in many identifiable ways from the control group of medical students.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study deals with the controlling of dangerous, assaultive behavior in an organically damaged, moderately retarded adult. The major therapeutic tool was a faradic stimulator employed in a punishment behavior modification paradigm. Baseline and experimental treatment periods of the study are described with emphasis on building in professional consent, positive reinforcements, and controls for counteraggression. The results were startlingly positive in terms of lowered frequency but somewhat disappointing in terms of desired outcome. The use of punishment in general is discussed with regard to this case. It is the general opinion of the paper that appropriately safeguarded punishment therapy should be raised on the preferred hierarchy of treatments for this type of problem.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A pretest-posttest experimental design with matched controls was employed to test the hypothesis that chronic, psychotic patients would, after sustained contact with a nonprofessional therapist, show more positive changes in behavior than their socially isolated ward mates. This effect was expected to be a function of the pretreatment level of functioning of the patient and the length of his hospitalization.A sample of 100 psychotic patients who had had no contact with anyone other than hospital staff for at least 6 months were matched for age, suspected organic impairment, and pretreatment degree of withdrawal. One of each matched pair had 1 to 3 hours of contact per week with a nonprofessional therapist for 12 weeks. Nurses rated the behavior of all 100 patients before and after that 12-week period on the four scales of the Lorr Psychotic Reaction Profile.The results did not support the main hypothesis. They did, however, indicate interactive effects for nonprofessional therapist contact with the length of patient hospitalization. On the scale ofthinking disorganization, long stay patients with hospitalizations of more than 29 years reacted most positively to that contact. Similar interactive trends for thewithdrawal, paranoid belligerence, andagitated depressiondifference scores were noted, although the length of hospitalization for which the nonprofessional contact was most effective varied according to the rating scale employed. Length of stay was found to be a significant predictor of change of itself, long stay patients showing most remission of the symptoms related toagitated depression;however, in contrast, there was a trend for short stays with hospitalization up to 15 years, to show most improvement onparanoid belligerence.Pretreatment level of functioning was also found to be an important predictor of improvement, especially foragitated depression.The findings are interpreted as providing the beginnings of a rationale for the successful placement of volunteer nonprofessionals: the length of the patient's hospitalization to be the determining factor according to the area of behavior in which improvement is most desired.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Dreams which appear in the same form for many dreamers are called typical. Frequent (recurrent) typical dreams presented by nonepileptic individuals were studied to clarify the nature of typical dreams and to note the possible presence of electroencephalogram abnormalities as have been found during the all-night sleep of certain temporal lobe epileptics with recurrent dreams.Four individuals were interviewed, their dreams collected, and a total of 11 nights of sleep recorded. Although not apparent from initial interviews, all four individuals had more than one specific typical dream. All typical dreams were painful in feeling tone and intrusive. A typical dream may occur in varied motivational contexts, at times simply in association with a somatic sensation. Three individuals had abnormal wave forms in their all-night electroencephalograms. No sustained or epileptiform abnormalities occurred. The appearance of frequent typical dreams may represent a dissolution of the dream mechanism related, in some instances, to an altered neurophysiological factor.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Currently at the Veterans Administration Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia.Voluntary delay of gratification was investigated in Negro and white psychopathic and normal institutionalized adolescent delinquents. The results indicate that increased time of delay of gratification led to a decreased preference for a delayed reward by white psychopaths, but not white normals. This relationship was reversed for Negro psychopaths and normals, with the latterSs being influenced more by the delay interval. These findings are discussed in terms of current theory concerning psychopathy and the Negro subculture.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID