ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This research investigated how depression in two age groups related to responses on a metamemory questionnaire (MMQ), and to the correspondence between MMQ self-reports and performance on memory tests. Forty-four younger and 56 older women were clinically assessed and completed both the MMQ and a series of experimental memory procedures. Data on 11 MMQ subscales were analyzed by analysis of variance, x2and canonical correlation techniques. Compared with controls, depressed subjects tended to report more generalized and extensive memory difficulties, particularly in recent as opposed to remote memory, but were not deficient in basic metamemory knowledge and did not manifest different perceptions regarding age changes in memory or regarding its personal significance. There was no evidence for a differential impact of late-life depression on metamemory perceptions, reflected by the general absence of age-by-depression interactions. Cumulatively, self-reports correlated .598 with objective measures, a relationship that did not vary as a function of age or depression. Reports about the retention of “important” information and about the use of recall strategies were identified as the only self-report measures reliably associated with performance.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper reviews the recent evidence (1979 to 1986) from investigations of whether there is a link between psychosocial variables and elevations in blood pressure. Forty-eight empirical studies are summarized, discussed, and contrasted with reviews and methodological criticisms of past investigations. Strong support is found for an association between hypertension and such psychosocial factors as the identification and expression of anger, the use of inhibiting defense mechanisms (i.e., denial and repression), and interpersonal anxiety. Even when criticisms of the older literature are taken into account, the current findings show surprising continuity with past theoretical statements about the hypertensive personality.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Brief bedside cognitive examinations such as the Mini-Mental State Examination are designed to detect delirium and dementia but not more subtle or delineated cognitive deficits. Formal neuropsychological evaluation provides greater sensitivity and detects a wider range of cognitive deficits but is too lengthy for efficient use at the bedside or in epidemiological studies. The authors developed the High Sensitivity Cognitive Screen (HSCS), a 20-minute interview-based test, to identify patients who show disorder on formal neuropsychological evaluation. An initial study demonstrated satisfactory test-retest and interrater reliability. The HSCS was then administered to 60 psychiatric and neurological patients with suspected cognitive deficits but without gross impairment, who also completed formal neuropsychological testing. Results of both tests were independently classified as either normal, borderline, or abnormal. The HSCS correctly classified 93% of patients across the normal abnormal dichotomy and showed promise for characterizing the extent and severity of cognitive dysfunction.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent research has suggested that persons with severe mental disorders may have psychological control mechanisms that influence the course of their disorders. One mechanism that appears to be particularly significant is the low turning point. Based on data obtained as part of an intensive follow-along study, the low turning point process is described in this report. It is identified as involving three phases: a) an initial rigid focus on one coping mechanism for dealing with stress; b) relinquishing of that focus and decompensation; and c) reorganizing one's life more broadly. The functioning that emerges from this experience often appears to be more adaptive than that existing before its onset. Conceptual implications of this process are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Sixty newly hospitalized patients with borderline personality disorder who began psychotherapy were followed for 6 months. Thirty-six discontinued their therapy—most often (N=26) this was due to covert opposition, familial resistance, or angry dissatisfaction with treatment. The dropouts were healthier on some baseline measures than those who continued in therapy. Clinical implications that may diminish dropouts are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relationship between insight and acute psychopathology was explored in a group of 52 acutely psychotic, schizophrenic patients. A measure of insight, reflecting patients' recognition of their illness and need for care, was validated against ratings from a semistructured interview and against assessments of patients' compliance with medication. Contrary to expectations, degree of insight was not consistently related to the severity of acute psychopathology, as measured on two structured scales. Nor did changes in insight during hospitalization vary consistently with changes in acute psychopathology. These data suggest that very little of the deficiency in insight seen in schizophrenic patients is explainable on the basis of acute psychopathological features. The mechanism that accounts for impairment in insight in schizophrenia may be relatively resistant to treatment with neuroleptic medication.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

At the time of discharge from their index hospitalizations, 52 schizopheric patients initially admitted for acute psychotic episodes were assessed on an Insight and Treatment Attitudes Questionnaire. When these patients were followed up 2½ to 3½ years later, adequate information on their clinical courses and outcomes was available in 46 cases. A global assessment of aftercare environment was made in each case, reflecting the degree to which individuals other than the patient were helpfully invested in maintaining the patient in treatment, whether these individuals were in the patient's living or treatment situations. Five factual outcome variables were also assessed: a) compliance with treatment 30 days after discharge; b) long-term compliance; c) whether or not patients were readmitted; d) readmissions per year; and e) percent of time spent in the hospital. As expected, aftercare environment was significantly related to outcome (p= .039). The overall relationship between insight and the outcome variables closely approached statistical significance (p= .053). Patients with more insight were significantly less likely to be readmitted over the course of follow-up. There was a trend for patients with more insight to be compliant with treatment 30 days after discharge. No significant interaction between aftercare environment and insight was found, suggesting that insight may influence outcome independently of aftercare environment.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In an open trial, nine drug-free schizophrenic patients received oral diazepam, 10 to 40 mg/day, for the treatment of early symptoms of relapse. Diazepam treatment led to a return of the patient's usual condition in seven of 11 episodes.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID