ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Verbal auditory hallucinations of schizophrenic patients are usually sensed as coming from multiple voices. The voices are usually not recognized by patients; they are anonymous. They are expressed mainly in the second person (as if directed to the patient by others), occasionally in the third person (as if two or more persons are overheard talking about the patient), very rarely in the first person. They are sensed as separate from the self and out of the patient's control. All of these characteristics can be said to describe how a person generalizes from his social experiences a societal evaluation of himself. In addition, the voices of schizophrenic patients are predominantly disparaging, call approbrious names, or are accusatory. Schizophrenics tend to come from and be of low socioeconomic status. The hallucinations appear to be related to the schizophrenic's sense of society's disparagement of him because of his low socioeconomic status and achievement

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

While suicide prevention services are continually expanding, efforts to measure their efficacy are seldom found in the literature. This study examines the effect of suicide prevention centers in North Carolina on the suicide rate in 1970. The data are examined in an ecological context, i.e., pertinent demographic variables are included in the analysis of the suicide rate in North Carolina counties with an emphasis on structural and contextual effects. A review of the literature on suicide prevention center efficacy, a description of those counties in North Carolina that support such centers, and a rigorous testing of their effect on the county wide suicide rate are undertaken in the present analysis. All of the analyses of the data indicate that the centers have minimal effect on the suicide rate

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The existence of homosexual behavior in female offenders is investigated not only as an adaptive process but as an established behavior existing prior to detention. Ninety-five prisoners from the Framingham Institution for Women were included: 26 were self-reported homosexuals, 42 were considered homosexuals by prison staff, and 27 were nonhomosexuals. Suicidal thoughts, suicidal attempts, psychiatric problems during menstruation, and a history of violent crimes against persons were characteristic of the homosexual group, whereas a history of crimes against self and property as well as history of alcoholism were common in the nonhomosexual groupViolent behavior together with suicidal attempts in homosexual female prisoners support the hypothesis that aggressive impulses may be expressed either externally or toward the self, the problem being one of impairment in control mechanisms. The findings also support the idea that violent behavior, as shown by this group of incarcerated homosexual females, is multidetermined. The factors that influence its appearance and expression could include a history of family violence, impulse control as children, neurological abnormality, sex role identification problems, biochemical abnormalities (manifested as menstrual irregularities), and impulse control problems as adults. A better understanding of human violence must be based on the recognition of the multidimensional nature of the problem using the tools and insights from many disciplines

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A negotiated approach to the conduct of the initial interview has been developed from the need for a more flexible and active exchange between clinician and patient. The setting is the walk-in clinic of the psychiatry service in a large urban general hospital, staffed mostly by first-year residents and staff social workers. These clinicians [26] were asked to evaluate the utility of the negotiated approach. They rated the approach both from their perspective and from that of 136 patients they interviewed. Although the clinicians evaluated the approach positively, they associated their satisfaction much more with the aims of a diagnostic approach than a negotiated one. The clinicians do not perceive that patients share satisfaction in their instrumental objective of understanding (a diagnostic goal), and the clinicians do not perceive that they share satisfaction in the patient's instrumental objective of participating in the treatment planning. The sharpest divergence between the clinician's and perceived patient satisfaction was over two evaluation/outcome measures: the treatment plan being wanted and attainment of symptom relief. These measures correlated much better with perceived patient than clinician satisfaction. Divergence in perspective between clinician and patient was discussed with regard to possible sources, the effect of settings, and the implication for the delivery of services

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The major aim of the present study was to determine whether women exposed to a hysterectomy procedure showed any greater evidence of postsurgery mood disorder than a cholecystectomy control group. In addition, the investigation also considered whether sterilization by hysterectomy resulted in more frequent mood disturbance than in tubal ligation where the uterus remains undisturbed. Fifty-five hysterectomy patients were compared with 38 cholecystectomy and 60 tubal ligation patients by means of the Profile of Mood States. Presurgery, 6-weeks postsurgery, and 3-months postsurgery measures were obtained. No evidence was found to support the view that the special psychological significance of the uterus results in greater postsurgery mood disturbance than occurs with a control procedure such a cholecystectomy. Neither did the results suggest that sterilization involving organ removal was psychologically more traumatic than where the sterilization procedure left the uterus undisturbed. The two significant group x occasion interactions implied that the groups differed in their pattern of responding to surgery with respect to the Tension-Anxiety and the Fatigue-Inertia variables

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Twenty-six persons (five males and 21 females) with the neurological diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, and an equal number of control subjects matched on age, sex, and education were given a battery of tests designed to assess motor and intellectual functioning. Subjects in the multiple sclerosis group displayed marked deficits on all tests of motor skill except grip strength. Although verbal intelligence was not impaired in subjects with multiple sclerosis, these subjects performed more poorly than control subjects fn two different tests of memory even though these tasks required minimal notor responsivity. Correlational analyses on the several motor and cognitive tasks revealed that correlations between motor and memory performance were consistently higher in persons with multiple sclerosis than in controls. These results suggest that whereas multiple sclerosis may not have much effect on the utilization of stored verbal information, the processing and storage of new verbal material are disrupted by the disease to a degree that is paralleled by the extent of motor impairment. This finding is consistent with the view that the memory impairments observed are secondary to the primary motor deficit, but the alternative explanation that memory functions, like motor functions, are especially vulnerable to the demylination process of multiple sclerosis is equally viable at present

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) may suggest its presence by behavioral symptoms. Initially, the symptoms often manifest themselves as depression with marked psychomotor retardation. Older patients without a prior psychiatric history who have soft, nonlocalizing neurological signs and fluctuating cognitive and memory deficits in association with prominent affective and/or psychotic symptomatology of recent onset, such as the case reported here, should raise the clinician's index of suspicion. In such cases, the Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological battery may be helpful in differentiating an underlying dementia from a primary psychological dysfunction. When the presence of a dementing process is suspected, etiological diagnosis should be vigorously pursued with a CAT scan and, as indicated on clinical grounds, confirmatory and further delimiting studies such as pneumoencephalography, ventriculography, RISA scanning, electroencephalography, constantinfusion manometric testing, and/or angiography. Treatment of NPH includes one of several forms of shunting procedures and appropriate neuroleptic therapy for behavioral symptoms. Although there is a substantial risk (40 to 50 per cent) of shunt-related complications, as many as 60 per cent of operated patients will show objective improvement, making the diagnosis of and referral for appropriate surgical treatment of NPH an important challenge for the psychiatrist.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The literature has long demonstrated an association between certain behavioral problems and EEG abnormalities, particularly the association of aggressive and sometimes violent behavior with foci in the temporal lobes. The concept of “dyscontrol syndromes” has also been established and it is possible that some instances of the dyscontrol syndrome arise from an abnormal sensitization of the limbic system, due to disturbance in or near the temporal lobesCarbamazepine is an interesting new drug, with both anticonvulsant and psychotropic properties, for which both the behavioral effects and pharmacological actions have been defined. The properties of carbamazepinp for blocking polysynaptic reflexes and suppressing post-tetanic potentiation are discussed with respect to this limbic system dysfunction in the dyscontrol syndromeIt is also proposed that this drug might be considered for its psychotropic effect in certain instances of dyscontrol, with or without clinical diagnosis of epilepsy. An illustrative case is cited

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID