ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

History of psychiatric illness in 982 first degree relatives of 155 inpatients with major depression was examined to determine its clinical value for distinguishing melancholic from nonmelancholic major depressions. A positive family history of unipolar depression was not more common in the melancholic patients, although relatives of melancholic probands were more likely to have received electroconvulsive therapy or experienced nonaffective psychosis. Whereas the morbid risk estimate for unipolar depression was higher in the relatives of nonmelancholic probands, this appeared to be related to the manner in which morbid risk was calculated. Two methodological problems, variability in the risk periods of depressive subtypes, and the reliability of subtyping depressed family members, are discussed with respect to their implications for future family studies.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Two cases of acute manic psychosis in prepubertal children are described. Mania in adolescence has been described with increasing frequency, but the existence of childhoodonset mania remains controversial. That may be attributed to the presence of schizophreniform features in mania in young individuals. The management and prognosis of juvenileonset mania are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Sex differences in cognitive abilities of chronic alcoholics were investigated using a paired-associates learning test with separate but similarly structured verbal and visual-spatial components. Four groups of 35 subjects each, equated for age and education, were tested: male and female alcoholics, and male and female community control subjects. As expected, sex differences were found on the component tasks: overall, nonalcoholic women performed significantly better than nonalcoholic men on the verbal measure, and nonalcoholic men performed better than nonalcoholic women on the visual-spatial measure. Nonalcoholic men had a larger discrepancy between component scores than nonalcoholic women, suggesting greater lateralization of cognitive functions; however, this difference did not reach significance. The effects of alcoholism were different for the sexes. Alcoholic women were not impaired on either the verbal or visual-spatial measure, but the alcoholic men demonstrated deficits in visual-spatial performance. In addition, they showed less difference between verbal and visual-spatial component scores than the other groups, suggesting that alcoholism attenuated the effects of hemispheric specialization for cognitive abilities normally found in men.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Many studies have related life events to various symptoms, but there has been little effort to examine how life events and symptoms experienced by a spouse might contribute to health change in the partner. On 3 bimonthly occasions, 115 husbands and wives completed the Schedule of Recent Experiences and a Symptom Checklist. In 40 of the couples, husbands were psychiatric outpatients, and in 75 they were nonpatients. Among nonpatient couples, symptoms in either partner were significantly predicted by the level of each one's own life events (especially undesirable events) and by the levels of symptoms in the spouse during the preceding 2 months. Among couples in which the husband was a patient, the most important predictor of symptoms in either spouse was that person's self-report of life events. Future research on the social origins of psychiatric symptoms should consider the possible contributions of a spouse's symptom state to the health of the individual under study.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors wish to express deep appreciation to George Greaves, Ph.D., and Jackie Damgaard, Ph.D., for their conceptualizations of multiple personality, for their valuable consultation and supervisory assistance, and for their careful reading of the manuscript with many content and editorial suggestions.Despite extensive study of child abuse and increasing interest in multiple personality, there has been no way of identifying abused children who are potential multiples, and only rarely has multiple personality been diagnosed before adulthood. This article describes four cases where dual identity was claimed by the child and/or trance states were evident in response to questions or stimuli related to traumatic events. In addition, the three children who were treated according to a program developed to integrate multiple personalities in adults showed unification of consciousness and immediate disappearance of or reduction in symptoms, together with other positive personality changes. Improvements were maintained on follow-up. From behaviors noted in these children, together with symptoms found in published biographical and autobiographical accounts of the childhood of persons with multiple personality, a list of 20 behavioral signs was derived which should be of assistance in helping teachers and other professionals who have frequent contact with children to identify potential multiples. Six subjective items were also given to be used in interviewing suspected cases. Incidence of incipient multiple personality and approaches to differential diagnosis are discussed. Three levels of family pathology are described and treatment approaches are suggested for each category, together with cautions about the need for careful clinical judgment. Finally, a systematic play therapy approach to enable personality integration is detailed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This report describes a case of pseudocyesis in a male patient and reviews the literature in pseudocyesis in the male and female. Pseudocyesis is a rare psychiatric syndrome with only about 100 cases reported in females and three in males in the past 45 years. The authors suggest that somatic factors may play a role in the genesis of some cases of pseudocyesis by stimulating pregnancy wishes and interacting with these wishes to set up a psychophysiological interaction leading to the clinical syndrome of pseudocyesis.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) findings in a case of Kleine-Levin syndrome are reported for the first time. MSLT data indicate sleepiness as severe as in narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea and the occurrence of four sleep onset rapid eye movement (REM) periods, with a greater REM propensity at 2:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m. than at 10:00 a.m. and 12:00 noon. The replication of such findings might suggest that Kleine-Levin syndrome could be considered a form of periodic REM sleep disinhibition. Therefore, the traditional hypothesis of diencephalic dysfunction may require modification to include the role of more caudal brain stem structures specifically activated during REM sleep.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The impact of personality on the experience of grief is neglected in the literature, in spite of its obvious relevance. A case report in which a personality disorder complicates the clinical course of bereavement is presented. The report illustrates the notion that personality characteristics play a unique pathogenic role in the evolvement of the symptoms of pathological grief, the use of coping mechanisms, and the “atypical” features of the clinical syndrome. The nosological autonomy of this entity vis a vis DSM-III's categories of affective disorders is examined. Understanding these factors becomes crucial for the nosological and psychotherapeutic approaches to pathological grief.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID