摘要:

Two groups of chicks were fed, until they were 3 weeks old, diets supplemented with either DL-methionine (MET) or DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid (HMB). Oxidation to CO2 and uric catabolism of intraperitoneally injected L-[1-14C]MET and DL-[1-14C]HMB were studied comparatively for 8 h. HMB supplementation spares available MET from both oxidative and uric catabolism.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177725

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We measured body weight, height, and skinfold thickness (SFT) at ulnar, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac regions in 1,656 Japanese children aged 3-11 years. Means of SFT in boys and girls with normal weight exhibited similar changes with age to Caucasian children. However, nadirs of SFT were observed 1 year earlier and means at 11 years were slightly higher in Japanese. Correlation coefficients between SFT and excess weight (EW) were high in boys and girls when EW was more than 10 %. Some children with EW of more than 10 % had abnormal SFT. Skinfolds in all children with EW of 30% or more were beyond the normal limits. In this study, normal ranges of SFT in Japanese children are demonstrated and their racial characteristics are compared to Caucasians. It is suggested that children with EW of 10-30% are heterogenous and determination of fat volume is essential to confirm the diagnosis of obesity in these subjects.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177726

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We studied the types of food, time of introduction, frequency and nutrient intake among 133 infants during the 1st year of life. A 24-hour dietary recall indicated that 42 different types of food, including mothers’ milk, were offered directly or in suitable preparations. Breast- and mixed-fed infants were likely to receive more milk feedings than non-breast-fed infants. Sugar and liquids such as tea, fruit juices and soft drinks were introduced at a very early age. The breast-fed babies were offered only teas before the 3rd month. Solid food was offered as early as at 4 months, regardless of breast or bottle feeding. Fe and vitamin A were estimated to be below the recommended dietary allowance in the group that was not receiving breast mil

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177727

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Resting energy expenditure (REE) and nutritional status have been evaluated in 39 elderly inpatients (mean age 84.0 ± 6.9 years). The nutritional status declined with aging as shown by significant negative correlations between age and, respectively, weight (p < 0.001), fat free mass (FFM) (p < 0.01) and body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.01). The best prediction for REE when considering the whole population was given by FFM (p < 0.001). Increased REE was observed in patients after recent surgery, related to an inflammatory state, as shown by increased plasma levels of C-reactive protein and orosomucoid. Irrespectively of the inflammatory state, REE was also found to be related to the nutritional status: patients who showed a BMI < 20 had higher REE than patients with a BMI > 20 (28.4 ± 1.3 vs. 22.1 ± 0.7 kcal/kg of body weight; p < 0.001; 35.7 ± 1.6 vs. 30.9 ± 1.0 kcal/kg of FFM; p < 0.02). These results increasingly suggest that elderly patients may suffer from denutrition relevant to hypermetabolism.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177728

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The fatty acid patterns of oils, blood plasma and erythrocyte lipids from 28 children in the Shaanxi province of the People’s Republic of China were determined by capillary gas liquid chromatography. The main source of fat in this region is rapeseed oil. The analysis of locally available rapeseed oil shows a high erucic acid content (mean 43.83%, range 33.91-50.48%). According to protocol data, about 3 % of the daily nutrient energy is provided by erucic acid. Despite a low fat intake in Chinese children, the composition of the fatty acids of the fractions analyzed showed normal patterns. However, erucic acid was found in all fractions analyzed. Data on erucic acid in human tissue are scarce. Although there are no indications of erucic acid toxicity in man, it is known to cause cardiac lipidosis and necrosis in rats. The question remains open if erucic acid aggravates selenium deficiency symptoms which are known to be associated with Keshan disease, an endemic cardiomyopath

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177729

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The uptake of riboflavin was measured in Krebs’ medium and a system consisting of riboflavin-free dialyzed milk (providing milk factors) equalized to Krebs’ medium with respect to different salt concentration and pH. The final riboflavin concentration in the medium ranged between 0.1 and 0.5 µM. Total riboflavin incorporation was greater in the milk system and the increase ranged between 120 and 134% in comparison with Krebs’ medium (100%). The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and Vmax for labelled riboflavin uptake were calculated by Lineweaver-Burk plotting of data. Km value decreased from 1.23 µM for Krebs’ medium to 0.75 µM in the presence of milk factor(s). Vmax values were 62 and 60pmol/l00 mg tissue/min for Krebs’ and milk systems, respectively. It was concluded that milk factor(s) enhanced intestinal uptake o

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177730

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of n-3 fatty acids in 11 men with hypertriglyceridaemia was investigated. The subjects were given daily supplements with three different doses of n-3 fatty acids for 8-week periods. The supplements given were 2, 4 and 9 g of n-3 fatty acids/day, respectively. Total cholesterol, triglycerides and the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol significantly decreased with all three doses in a dose-dependent way. HDL-cholesterol increased in a dose-dependent fashion, while apolipoproteins A1and B were unaltered by the supplements apart from a small increase in apolipoprotein A1 after the lowest dose of n-3 fatty acids. The greatest effect was observed after 2 g of n-3 fatty acids/day.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177731

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of variation in dietary protein content have been investigated on brush border glycosylation and enzyme activities in mice small intestine. The comparison of different parameters was made between the mice fed 30% (high protein, HP) and 18 % protein (pair-fed, PF, and ad libitum-fed) for 21 days. The activities of brush border sucrase, lactase, p-nitrophenyl (PNP)-β-D-glucosidase and PNP-β-D-galactosidase were reduced in the HP diet-fed mice compared to PF and ad libitum-fed controls. Alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase activities were significantly enhanced while γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity was unaltered under these conditions. Total hexoses and sialic acid content in the brush borders were reduced significantly in the test group compared to the controls while hexosamine and fucose contents remained essentially similar in different groups. The results on the binding of wheat germ agglutinin and Ulex europaeus agglutininI to microvillus membranes corroborated the chemical analysis data on sialic acid and fucose contents of the membranes. Peanut agglutinin binding was enhanced in mice from the HP group. Incorporation of (14C)-mannose into membranes was significantly less in HP diet-fed mice. These results indicate that the feeding of HP diet to mice brings about marked alterations in small intestinal epithelial cell surface glycosylation and enzyme functions.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177732

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The present study investigates the metabolic disposition of sebacic acid in rats. Three groups of experimental animals received different doses of disodium sebacate with 25 µCi of 14C-labeled molecule by intravenous injection. In the first group radioactivity plasma elimination curves were examined for two administered doses (80 and 160mg). In the second group, expired 14CO2, urine tracer and feces tracer were counted after intravenous administration of 160 mg of sebacate. The animals of the third group were sacrificed at different times after intravenous administration of 160 mg of sebacate, and tracer elimination curves were obtained for several organs. The plasma half-life of sebacate is 38.71 min; about 35% of the administered tracer was excreted in the urine as unchanged sebacate; about 25% was eliminated as 14CO2 in expired air. Disposition of sebacate was complete within 4 h of administration. The sebacate half-life is longest in adipose tissue (135 min) and in liver (74 min), sites of likely transformation. In all other organs examined, the sebacate half-life is similar to that in plasma

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177733

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We studied the effects of supplementing patients with cystic fibrosis for 1 month with 3 g/day of a dietary supplement, containing 911 mg ω3 fatty acids, on the fatty acid composition of serum cholesterol esters, free fatty acids, phospholipids and triglycerides. At the end of the supplementation period, the content of total ω3 fatty acids was increased significantly in all lipid classes. The effect on individual ω3 fatty acids depended on the fatty acid and lipid class studied, increased with the dose fed and decreased with the weight of the patient. One month after the end of the supplementation period, fatty acid levels had returned to pretreatment values. These results demonstrate that enrichment of serum lipid classes with ω3 fatty acids is feasible in CF patients by dietary supplementation.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177734

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger