摘要:

Hematological findings obtained by screening topathletes during training in The Neterlands reveal an occurrence of iron-deficient anemia of 2% in male and 2.5% in female athletes. In addition, 3% of the athletes have mild anemia without signs of iron depletion. Moreover, iron depletion without anemia as well as latent iron deficiency without anemia was present in 3, respectively 5% of male athletes and in 5, respectively 15% of female athletes. It is suggested that shortage of iron in food cannot be responsible for the frequent occurrence of iron depletion, and that nonnutritional factors or nutritional factors other than iron, i.e. a fat rich diet, probably play a role in iron utilization of healthy people.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175330

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

By inserting a polyethene, loop-shaped cannula in the aorta of rats, a platelet thrombus can be induced which, after some time (the obturation time, OT), blocks the aorta completely. When rats are fed diets containing increasing contents of sunflowerseed oil (SO), the OT increases SO-dose dependent. There is only a small increase in OT on feeding increasing amounts of hardened coconut oil (HCO). When in diets containing 60 cal% fat, the HCO is replaced by SO at various levels, there is a positive, significantly rectilinear relationship between OT and SO-dose. These results indicate that dietary SO and the linoleic acid fraction in particular, decreases the thrombotic properties of rat platelets, possibly by way of an increased biosynthesis of prostaglandin E1 – a highly potent inhibitor of thrombocyte adhesion and aggregatio

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175331

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A clinical case of linoleic acid deficiency has been investigated because of the unknown effect in an adult man. The patient had had all but 60 cm of his small intestine removed and was maintained solely by intravenous therapy for 100 days, without fat. At this stage there was no clinical evidence of malnutrition, but his serum phospholipids were found to contain 10% 5,8,11 eicosatrienoic acid and he developed a skin rash. A soybean fat emulsion containing 86 g/l of linoleic acid was given intravenously for 12 days, discontinued for 43 days and then resumed. During each period of fat administration (linoleic acid intake 22.8 g/day) the serum phospholipid content of eicosatrienoic acid fell and arachidonic acid rose. Simultaneously the serum triglycerides fell to normal, the proportions of the triglycerides carried by the lipoproteins (d < 1.006) rose to normal and the rash disappeared. A second case of linoleic acid deficiency, in this instance associated with severe malnutrition, was investigated and here also a high level of plasma triglycerides was mostly associated with lipoproteins with d < 1.006. In an attempt to estimate his minimal daily requirements, feeding 7.5 g/day of linoleic acid in this form did not eliminate the eicosatrienoic acid, but instead allowed a small increase. It is concluded that adult man requires at least 7.5 g/day of linoleic acid and that the proportion of the triglycerides carried by the very low density lipoproteins is lowered in the absence of linoleic acid.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175332

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Studies of the levels of serum fructose and glucose, after a sucrose meal, show that in patients with arterial disease the fructose level rises more than in the controls. The rise in the glucose level is similar in both groups.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175333

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The substitution of sucrose for starch in the diet of the rat promotes a rise in the plasma cholesterol concentration which is largely confined to the esterified fraction. There is a concomitant rise in the activity of the enzyme lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase which catalyses the esterification of free cholesterol in the plasma. This enzyme displays a marked specificity towards the cholesterol carried in the high-density lipoproteins. It is concluded that the increase in the capacity of the plasma to esterify cholesterol occurs in response to the increased throughput of cholesterol in the plasma which results from feeding a high-sucrose diet.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175334

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The methodology to bring about a fat-induced lipaemic response in rats has been studied. It appeared that the extent of the lipaemic reaction is enhanced when both the number of days with no food and the number of daily doses of oil is increased. This postprandial reaction is mainly due to a rise of the triglyceride concentration. In a second experiment the lipaemic responses to different fats were determined. The height of the lipaemic response appeared to be correlated with both the degree of unsaturation and the chain length of the fatty acid administered.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175335

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A single cell protein preparation derived from cells grown on a chemically pure hydrocarbon fraction was given daily to 20 healthy adults during 6 weeks. Clinical observations showed little evidence that the daily intake of 20 g of the product (comprising 12-15% of the total nitrogen intake) caused any severe side effects. Dietary studies showed that the main problem of the product from the dietetic point of view was the taste, which needed further development. Biochemical investigations revealed a significant but transient increase of the serum uric acid level during the first 2 weeks. With respect to the serum transaminases (SGOT and SGPT) there was a moderate increase which, however, never surpassed the upper limit of the normal values.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175336

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Diets served in lactose intolerance were prepared hitherto by elimination of milk and milk products which is associated with a number of difficulties and dangers. The authors draw attention to the possibility to reduce these difficulties by a differentiated selection of foods as regards their different lactose and calcium content. They supposed that the basic solution of the problem would be to eliminate lactose from milk and milk products. For the preparation of a practically lactose-free diet they use the preparation Lida-Lac (Lidano, Denmark) which is powdered milk protein with trace amount of lactose only. The authors draw attention to the technological peculiarities when this preparation is used as a milk substitute.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175337

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Hydrogenated marine fat and some other commercial fats were fed to young rats in a low protein diet at a level of about 50% of the calories. The diet was marginal in choline, α-tocopherol and linoleic acid. The experimental procedure involved littermate control and equalized feeding within litters. Rats given hydrogenated marine fat, as well as those given hydrogenated soya bean oil and hydrogenated rapeseed oil showed less weight gain than rats given lard and herring oil. When the conditions were not complicated by the occurrence of fatty livers, the rats given the hydrogenated fats showed a higher liver weight: final body weight ratio than the rats given the natural fats. Supplementing the hydrogenated marine fat with 2.5% sunflower seed oil improved its caloric efficiency. Additions of α-tocopherol were without any effect. There was a high degree of correlation between the growth efficiency of calories above basal needs and the liver weight: final body weight rati

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175338

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Fifteen patients with untreated decomensated cirrhosis of the liver and 10 controls were subjected to lipid loading with a 10-percent emulsion of long-chain fatty acid triglycerides. During the test, serum levels of the different lipid fractions were studied. Clearance of the injected triglycerides takes place the more rapidly the more severe the cirrhosis is. This acceleration of clearance is due to malnutrition and the increase in lipoprotein lipase, which cannot be broken down physiologically by the cirrhotic liver. Alternatively, the rapid clearance may be explained by dilution of the lipids by ascitic fluid in the more severe cases of cirrhosis.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175339

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger