摘要:

Glycosaminogly cans (GAG) from brains, intestines, livers and skin of rats were analyzed by electrophoretic and enzymatic methods. Variations in GAG distribution have been studied in rats fed on a vitamin-A-deficient diet and on a diet supplemented with an excessive quantity of vitamin A. Hypervitaminosis A resulted in a decrease in GAG isolated from connective and hepatic tissues. The incorporation of labeled sulfate into the GAG of these tissues has been studied. Hypervitaminosis A resulted in a decrease in sulfate incorporation into the GAG isolated from connective tissues. A large increase in sulfate incorporation into the GAG of the digestive tract is observed for vitamin-A-treated rats. A decrease is noted for vitamin-A-deficient rats. It was suggested that these variations in distribution and specific activity of GAG could be due to different effects of vitamin A. Vitamin A seems to be required either for the release of lysosomal enzymes or for the sulfatation and elongation of certain glucidic chains in the biosynthesis of sulfated GAG.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175600

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Proteins from many sources show negative correlation between their biological values and the levels of urea in the blood or urine of rats or pigs. On the basis of the difference in protein quality between raw and heated soybeans, it would be predicted that there should be a higher level of urea in the blood and urine of rats fed raw soybean meal. In the present study, however, little or no difference in the levels of urea in the blood and urine of animals fed raw or autoclaved soybean meal could be demonstrated. It is postulated that the increased catabolism of the poor quality protein of raw soybeans may be masked by a concomitant depression of liver arginase activity and/or a decrease in the total quantity of amino acids available for catabolism because of lower digestibility of the raw soybean protein.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175601

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats, fed a rapeseed protein diet (containing 0.2 mg glucosinolates/g protein concentrate) from day 0, showed no teratological effects on the 18th day. However, rats which were permitted to deliver, developed anorexia and weight loss after day 18. A reddish discharge, not blood, from the nose stained the fur of most animals fed rapeseed protein. A similar discharge developed in dams fed on lab chow but fasted after day 18. At delivery, dams would neglect the newborn during the first 24 h but would then resume their diet and litter care. Surviving litters of rapeseed-fed animals were comparable to controls in weight after 3 weeks. Vitamin supplementation did not prevent these effects. Force feeding the diet by gavage aggravated these toxic effects and prolonged the gestation period. No toxic effects were seen until day 18 of gestation when the rapeseed protein diet was fed to rats 3–6 weeks before mating. Control rats given glucosinolates by gavage did not show any adverse effects. The rapeseed protein diet had no effect on NMRI mice during pregnancy and on litter care up to 3 week

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175602

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

3-week-old male rats were fed on a casein diet containing 1 % (w/w) of chlorogenic acid in order to find out if the ingestion of chlorogenic acid may be associated with a reduced utilization of dietary proteins or with causing other adverse effects. The protein efficiency ratio, biological value and digestibility of this diet did not differ from a corresponding casein diet free from chlorogenic acid. No change was observed in the nitrogen balance of the experimental rats. Neither did the rats show any change in hematological values or volumes and pH of the urine. Some deviation was noticed in the weights of kidneys and adrenals of the chlorogenic acid-treated animals when compared with rats on the chlorogenic acid-free casein diet. The findings that were made were normal in the microscopic examinations of various organs. Chlorogenic acid did not seem to influence the ultrastructure of the liver as revealed by electron microscopy.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175603

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Malabsorption of fat and α-tocopherol was induced in rats by feeding cholestyramine and the effect of Tween 80 and Pluronic F 68 was assessed. Tween 80 did not influence the malabsorption of fat or α-tocopherol. Pluronic F68 did not change α-tocopherol absorption but did significantly improve fat absorption. The proportion of radioactivity remaining in the liver 5 days after a labelled dose of α-tocopherol was increased when Tween 80 or Pluronic F68 was present, perhaps indicating increased absorption via the portal vein. Serum cholesterol levels were not affected by the different diets. The greatly increased excretion of faecal bile salts on dietary cholestyramine was unchanged by the deterge

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175604

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of dietary rapeseed oil (RSO) on hepatic hexobarbital metabolism has been studied in short-term experiments in mice by measuring both the activity of mixed function oxidase system in microsomal preparations in vitro and the in vivo hexobarbital-induced sleeping time. Moreover, the fatty acid pattern of liver tissue, with particular regard to erucic and gadoleic acids, was analyzed gas-chromatographically. The hexobarbital metabolism in young RSO-fed mice (RSO containing 52 % of erucic acid and 7.4 % of gadoleic acid; 50 cal% for 3 days) is lower by about 44 % than in controls treated in the same way with peanut oil, independently of sex. RSO did not have a statistically significant effect on hexobarbital metabolism in adult animals of both sexes. As to the dose-response study, the prolongation of the hexobarbital-induced sleeping time in young male mice is statistically significant when fed with 30 cal% in RSO for 3 days, while it is not more statistically significant in mice fed 15 cal% in RSO. In RSO mice (50 cal%) erucic and gadoleic acid account both for about 10 % of the total fatty acids in the liver tissue, while they are quite absent in controls. It causes a relative deficiency of linoleic and arachidonic acids, known to be essential for synthesis and maintenance of the membranes supporting hepatic microsomal enzymes responsible for the metabolism of some drugs.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175605

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Weanling rats were given diets containing a high proportion of either glucose, sucrose or fructose until they reached 200 g weight, when they were either transferred to a control (chow) diet for 4 weeks or killed. The results were compared with rats receiving a control diet throughout. The triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels in liver and in serum had returned to values similar to the control animals 4 weeks after being given the control diet. The fatty acid profile of liver TG and adipose lipid tended to take longer to return to normal.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175606

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Male and female guinea pigs maintained under controlled lighting and fed ad libitum exhibit a diurnal fluctuation in feed intake. This is characterised by periods of increased eating activity at the beginning and end of the light period and in the middle of the dark period. However, the feed consumption for the light and dark periods is similar. If the normal lighting cycle is retarded by 6 h, the guinea pigs adjust their diurnal rhythm of eating to the new cycle within 8 days. Similar findings in female rabbits have previously been reported from this laboratory.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175607

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of dietary substitution of starch by sucrose, glucose, fructose or an equimolar mixture of glucose and fructose on the activity of biphenyl hydroxylase and the level of the major terminal mixed function oxygenase, cytochrome P-450, has been studied in hepatic microsomal preparations from growing rats. The substitution of sucrose for starch depressed the concentration and total activity per liver of biphenyl 4-hydroxylase and the concentration, but not the total amount, of cytochrome P-450 in weanling rats. The absolute amount of these enzymes in whole liver was not, however, similarly depressed by the constituents of sucrose, namely glucose and fructose, either when given alone or in equimolar mixture. All these sugars, however, depressed the total activity of biphenyl 2-hydroxylase. The activity of biphenyl 4-hydroxylase in the liver of weanling rats, but not of adults, was reduced when the level of sucrose in the diet was reduced from 60 to 10 %.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175608

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Gastric X-irradiated, achlorhydric rats and sham-operated controls were fed diets containing very soluble calcium chloride or calcium gluconate or slightly soluble calcium carbonate or tricalcium phosphate for 3 weeks. Calcium was absorbed more efficiently by achlorhydric rats from the very soluble salts than from the slightly soluble salts. The control rats absorbed calcium from the very soluble and slightly soluble calcium salts with similar efficiency. Achlorhydric rats fed slightly soluble calcium salts developed weaker bones with a lower mineral content than did those fed very soluble calcium. Apparently, the very soluble dietary calcium offset the impaired calcium absorption of achlorhydric rats. Calcium solubility had no signifcant effect on the bones of control animals.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175609

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger