摘要:

In order to investigate whether and to what extent the spontaneous in vitro haemolysis test is an indicator of vitamin E nutriture, six groups of 8 male rats were kept for 22 months on diets containing 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 4.5, 8.5 or 16.5 mg D-α-tocopheryl acetate/kg food. The severity of myopathy in the leg muscles was correlated to the vitamin E content of the diet and to the percentage of in vitro haemolysis. More than 70% haemolysis appeared to indicate a state of vitamin E deficiency, associated with severe pathological changes in the skeletal muscles. Weight gain decrease and testis degeneration occurred only at the lowest dose of vitamin E. No relation existed between mortality and the doses of vitamin E given. Complete myolysis of a muscle cell was found to be preceded by a stage of swelling, in which a strong activity of lactic dehydrogenase was observed

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175361

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of diets containing olive oil, corn oil-ethyl erucate (1:5), rapeseed oil (B. campestris) or zero-erucic rapeseed oil (var. Canbra) on the tissue fatty acids of the rat were investigated. Greatest deposition of erucic acid occurred in the adrenals and decreasing amounts were found in the plasma, heart, spleen, kidney, liver, erythrocyte, testis and brain. Less erucic acid but more eicosenoic acid was deposited from dietary B. campestris oil than from the corn oil-ethyl erucate diet. The relatively high linolenic acid contents of the rapeseed oils resulted in competitive inhibition of linoleate metabolism producing lower concentrations of ω6-polyunsaturated acids in animals receiving these oils

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175362

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of the protein and hardened palm oil (HPO) content of the diet on the pathological and hematological characteristics of ducklings fed rapeseed oil (RSO) were investigated. Groups were fed for 3 weeks a basal diet containing a mixture of either HPO and soybean oil (SBO), RSO and SBO or RSO and HPO, together constituting 60% of total diet calories. Each fat mixture was given with either 23 cal% casein, 32 cal% casein or 32 cal% soyprotein. Growth was better with 32 cal% protein than with 23 cal% protein. The mixture RSO-SBO produced growth retardation irrespective of diet protein, which was largely overcome when HPO replaced the SBO in the mixture. RSO-SBO also produced an increased hematocrit, hydropericardium, vacuolar changes in the heart and skeletal muscles, cirrhotic changes in liver and hemopoietic activity in liver and spleen. The pathological changes were less severe with the higher-protein than with the lower-protein diet. The hydropericardium, liver and splenic changes almost disappeared as HPO replaced SBO in the fat mixture, but the skeletal muscles and heart changes persisted. The latter aggravated when the diet contained the lower protein level. Hemoglobin values were normal with all diets. Total serum protein was not changed by the RSO-SBO fat mixture, but the albumin was decreased and the globulin increased. The decrease in albumin was hardly evident with 32 cal% soyprotein. The addition of HPO to RSO corrected the decrease in albumin but did not decrease the globulin concentration. Total serum protein concentration was, therefore, raised. The results suggest an impairment of the albumin synthesis in the liver as a possible factor predisposing to the hydropericardium in RSO-fed ducklings.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175363

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

There is a highly significant rise in the fasting serum glyceride concentrations of both male and female baboons in the first 3 weeks of consumption of a 75-ρercent by weight sucrose diet, reaching a peak between the 2nd and 4th weeks of the diet. Even at 10 weeks the mean values are higher than the pre-diet levels. There is no significant change in the fasting cholesterol or phospholipid concentrations. There is no detectable change in the overall rate of fructose metabolism when fructose is given intravenously at the end of the high sucrose diet as compared with before the diet. There is no significant change in the glyceride 14C-specific activity following intravenous injection of 14C-fructose at the end of the dietary period as compared with the beginning in either male or female baboons. This suggests that if there has been overall increase in the rate of glyceride synthesis this has not occurred solely as a result of a selective conversion of fructose to glyceride, but involves all glyceride precursor substances. The pattern of change in serum lipid and glucose concentrations following fructose injection is no different at the end of the dietary period compared with the beginning. There is a suggestion of increased glucose assimilation during the dietary period. It is concluded that the increase in incorporation into the serum glyceride of 14C-sucrose given orally at the end of a period of consuming 75% sucrose is primarily due to an increased rate of absorption of the products of sucrose hydrolysis rather than to any increase in the rate of metabolism of fructose

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175364

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Serum lipids and lipoprotein electrophoresis were studied in 12 female patients following acute myocardial infarction, during recovery and following discharge from hospital. All were on a normal hospital diet calculated to maintain weight. No significant changes occurred in serum lipids at any time but lipoprotein pattern changed in 4 patients following recovery from the acute episode.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175365

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A biological evaluation of the nutritive value of a whey protein concentrate, as well as of a specific whey protein fraction low in phenylalanine and tyrosine, has been performed by means of an NPU assay. The nutritive values were found to be high, higher, in fact, than what could be expected from the theoretical calculations based on chemical analyses and calculation of chemical scores. The use of whey proteins, low in phenylalanine, in dietary treatment of phenylketonuria is proposed.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175366

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Glucose, fructose and galactose have been administered intravenously over several hours to healthy persons; different administration rates were used. These sugars were measured enzymatically in serum and urine. Moreover, insulin (IMI) and uric acid were also determined (the latter for fructose only). Glucose and fructose are equally well utilized, galactose is unsuited for parenteral feeding due to caloric restriction and toxic side-effects. High-fructose loads (1.5 g/kg body weight/h) were followed by a significant rise of serum uric acid, lower infusion rates did not show alterations of uric acid, however. All hexoses are followed by an elevation of plasma insulin, although the increase during galactose and fructose infusions is only moderate in comparison with glucose. Finally, the above-mentioned results are compared with xylitol, a pentose frequently used for parenteral nutrition.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175406

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175367

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A survey is presented of osmolality and its significance in metabolic functions. The osmolality of the body fluids depends both on intake of food and water and on the excretion via the kidneys and sweat glands. The osmolality of the body fluids is regulated by hormonal factors, which can be divided into osmolality-increasing and osmolality-lowering hormones. Some example are given of clinical conditions attended with disturbances of osmolality, and the principles of treatment of such conditions are outlined.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175407

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The early depression of metabolism, local and general, immediately following injury other than mild trauma – ‘the ebb phase’ – lasts some hours. It is then generally followed by a period of enhanced heat production and the early hyperglycaemía gives way to an excess of protein catabolism over anabolism which is more general than local – ‘the flow phase’. These are at their height 5–8 days after injury and the excess urinary nitrogen excretion is paralleled by increases in urinary sulphur, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, zinc and creatine. Hospitalisation in a warm (28–30 °C) and relatively dry environment will reduce this excessive catabolism. Where there is inability to ingest, digest or absorb sufficient food over a period of several days and the patient’s condition is likely to deteriorate, then recourse must be made to intraduodenal or jejunal feeding or to parenteral feeding. The amino acid requirements for replacement of haemoglobin if it has not been done through appropriate transfusion can be particularly demanding in respect of certain amino acids. Obviously the non-amino acid sources of energy, as well as the other nutrients, should be suitable for the optimal utilisation of th

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175408

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger