摘要:

The effect of consumption of apples as a supplement to a standard diet on hepatic acylcoenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity was investigated in adult golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). The experimental diet was given for 2 months. IN response to the high-fruit intake, the level of cholesteryl esters was reduced in the liver, and hepatic ACAT activity, determined in vitro under various conditions of incubation, was lowered by about 30%. Moreover, plasma cholesterol was redistributed among the lipoproteins, with a decrease in the cholesterol transported in the ApoB-rich lipoproteins.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177742

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

50 ml of a 10% fish oil emulsion (41% ω-3 fatty acids of total fatty acids) were infused for 1 h into the arm vein of young, healthy, male volunteers. The fatty acid composition of the plasma, aggregation of the blood platelets as well as the thromboxane synthesis, were measured before the beginning of infusion, 20, 60, 120, 360 and 1,440 min after the start of the fat infusion. In the first 60 min, the fatty acid composition of the plasma changed in correspondence with the supplied fatty acid pattern. At the end of the investigation it was again within the normal range. As a result of fat application thromboxane synthesis was reduced and the aggregation of the platelets was inhibited but it was normalized by the 1,440-min value. Fish oil emulsions might be beneficial for parenterally fed patients with a high risk of thrombosis. Therefore the performance of further investigations using a varying dosage and multiple application can be recommended

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177743

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In a feeding trial involving dikanut (an African viscous fibre) and cellulose (a particulate fibre), diabetic rats were maintained for 4 weeks on each of the test fibres. The levels of digestive and membrane-bound enzymes of the intestine, and hepatic glycolytic enzymes were determined. The effect of the supplements on intestinal morphology was also assessed. The two types of dietary fibre caused a general reduction in the levels of all the intestinal enzymes assayed with the effect of dikanut supplementation resulting in more drastic reductions. Evidence was obtained for a marked alteration in the intestinal morphology. It was concluded that the reduced absorption of glucose resulted in its lowered level in the blood and urine. The disruption of the mucosal membrane may also curtail the absorption of glucose. On the other hand, the activities of hepatic glycolytic enzymes became elevated to efficiently utilize the low substrates reaching the liver. The dietary fibres caused a shift away from the depletion of glycogen by the diabetic rat to synthesis of the storage polysaccharide. The long-term effects of the several adaptive responses resulting in lowered blood glucose from feeding these dietary fibre supplements to the diabetic rat requires further research.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177744

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were measured, using indirect calorimetry, in 9 healthy, male subjects (28.6 ± 3.3 years) under three conditions: (1) an inpatient, meal-controlled protocol (IPM) in which subjects were fed an evening meal and slept overnight in the laboratory prior to the morning test; (2) an outpatient, meal-controlled protocol (OPM) in which subjects were fed the same meal but slept at home prior to being transported to the laboratory for testing, and (3) and outpatient protocol (OP) in which meal was not controlled, but subjects were instructed to fast for 12 h prior to testing. There were no statistically significant differences in RMR between protocols (IPM = 7,928 ± 360, OPM = 8,015 ± 331 and OP = 7,987 ± 315 kJ/day) or in fasting RER (IPM = 0.82 ± 0.01, OPM = 0.82 ± 0.02 and OP = 0.81 ± 0.02). These data indicate that in young, healthy males RMR and RER are similar when measured under inpatient or outpatient cond

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177745

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The biodistribution and metabolism of [8-14C]-octacosanol in rats were investigated to understand the mechanism of increased physical exercise and motor endurance by octacosanol. After 14C-octacosanol administered, radioactivity of octacosanol was mainly found in adipose tissue, especially in brown adipose tissue. Absorption of octacosanol is very low and mainly excreted through feces. The radioactivity of octacosanol was also partly expired as 14CO2. About 49% of the administered dose were excreted through different pathways. Metabolites of octacosanol are present in the urine. Octacosanol may be partly oxidized and degraded to fatty acids through β-oxidation

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177746

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

IgG subclass antibodies to ovalbumin (OVA), gliadin (GLI) and β-lactoglobulin (β-lac) were determined in 18 atopic subjects and 18 age- and sex-matched controls. IgG antibodies to OVA and GLI were found predominantly as IgG4 subclass, with the IgG antibodies to β-lac distributed evenly between IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 in both groups. The proportion of anti-OVA IgG antibodies in the IgG3 subclass was significantly higher in the atopic group (22%) than in the nonatopic group (8%: p < 0.001). The proportion of anti-GLI IgG3 antibodies was also higher in the atopic group (43%) than the nonatopic group (24%: p < 0.001). OVA subclass antibodies in the atopic and nonatopic subjects were mainly IgG4, and GLI subclass antibodies were mainly IgG3 and IgG4. This study provides information on the distribution of IgG subclasses to food proteins, and in particular those related to protein GLI. The importance of IgG3 subclasses in atopic disease is highlighted; this phenomenon, to our knowledge, has not previously been report

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177747

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 38 females, aged 21.3 ± 1.8 years (mean ± SD) and 22 males, aged 21.6 ± 2.0 years, total body water (TBW) was assessed by bioelectrical impedance at a frequency of 100 kHz (Z100), and extracellular water (ECW) was assessed at a frequency of 1 (Z1) or 5 kHz (Z5). Impedance ratios of low frequencies (Z1 or Z5) to high frequency (Z100) were calculated as indicators of body water distribution. Furthermore, changes in body water distribution during the menstrual cycle were assessed in 16 females, aged 22.1 ± 1.7 years, divided into subjects using or not using oral contraceptives. In general, the ratio ECW to TBW was lower in males compared to females, which was reflected in the ratios Z1/Z100 and Z5/Z100·However, the ratio Z5/Z100 reflected this difference less clear, probably because at 5 kHz the current partly passes the cell membranes. Weight changes during the menstrual cycle are generally accepted to be due to a retention of ECW. The ratio Z5/Z100 and the ratios Z1/Z100and Z5/Z100 for those subjects not using oral contraceptives differed significantly between day with minimal and day with maximal weight. A negative correlation was found between weight change, still considering day with minimal and day with maximal weight, and change in impedance at 5 and 50 kHz for subjects not using oral contraceptives. It is concluded that differences in body water distribution are reflected by low-to-high impedance ra

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177748

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177749

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger