摘要:

The effect of an alimentary pasta with a 20% (w/w) content of Guar gum was tested in normal volunteers, diabetic and hyperlipidemic patients in different out- and in-patient protocols. Acute experiments (A, B) were carried out in healthy volunteers and in diabetics, by evaluating plasma glucose, triglyceride and insulin changes after a single meal. Plasma glucose and triglyceride rises were almost completely prevented by the pasta in normal volunteers; plasma insulin levels were modified to a lesser extent. In diabetics, the rise of plasma glucose after the meal was significantly delayed. The pasta was also administered for more prolonged periods of time to diabetic and hyperlipidemic patients (experiments C-E). In the first instance, a significant improvement both in the plasma glucose levels, as well as in the daily glucose profile and glycosuria was observed. In hyperlipidemics, a reduction of triglyceride levels was particularly evident; however, in mixed types of hyperlipidemias, a significant hypocholesterolemic effect was also demonstrated. Guar gum pasta may provide a simple dietary addition for the management of common metabolic disorders.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176776

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Two daily food consumption models were defined. One of them (I) is representative of the French eating habits, the other (E) of a diet with a theoretically balanced content of macronutrients for a caloric intake of 2,500 kcal. For each of these two models, four menus were calculated to obtain four caloric levels (1,500, 2,000, 2,500 and 3,000 kcal). The vitamin content of these menus was established on the basis of the literature (food composition tables). Nutritional losses resulting from usual cooking methods were taken into account. The results show that the dietary intake of some vitamins, such as folic acid, pantothenic acid, vitamin A, β-carotene, vitamin C and B1was likely to be inadequate and are in agreement with those of epidemiologic surveys carried out in developed countries. The threshold of 80% of the recommended allowances is not reached with a caloric level of 2,500 kcal (balanced diet) or 2,700 kcal (unbalanced diet). For an allowance of 1,500 kcal, most of the vitamins do not reach or just reach 50% of the recommended level. This result shows that the former eating habits of the French population, whose caloric intake was high (more than 3,000 kcal), were correct as they covered the recommended intakes of micronutrients. This work corroborates the great importance of some food groups in covering the recommended vitamin intakes and underlines the necessity of diversifying food

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176777

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The total lipid content in the livers of rats consuming cooked whole eggs as the only source of food for 21 days was elevated to three times that of control animals. The incorporation of 14C-labelled amino acids into serum low-density lipoprotein apoproteins was increased by 52% in these rats, without affecting the incorporation into serum albumin and liver total proteins. The turnover of low-density lipoprotein in these egg-fed rats appears to be very high.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176778

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Nitrogen balance was studied in 4 patients with uremia during treatment with a protein-reduced diet (20 g) supplemented with either essential amino acids and histidine or a mixture of keto analogues of five of the essential amino acids and essential amino acids. 3 patients completed the study. Nitrogen balance was negative on the diet only and was improved with both forms of supplementation. However, supplementation with the keto acids did not offer any advantage over the conventional essential amino acid supplementation. 1 patient developed serious hypercalcemia during treatment with the keto acid supplementation.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176779

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The components of fenugreek seeds were separated and analyzed to determine which fraction of the seed had hypoglycemic activity. These fractions were administered orally to normal or diabetic dogs for 8 days. The effect on blood glucose and pancreatic hormones was studied in normal dogs. The lipid extract had no effect; the defatted fraction (50.2% fibers: gum 17.7%, hemicellulose 22%, cellulose 8.3%, lignin 2.2%) lowered basal blood glucose level, plasma glucagon and somatostatin levels and reduced the orally induced hyperglycemia. The addition of this fraction to the insulin treatment resulted in a decrease of hyperglycemia and glycosuria in diabetic dogs. The results indicate that the defatted part is responsible for the antidiabetic action. However, the present study does not permit one to know whether the effects are caused by an unknown pharmacological compound or by the gastrointestinal action of fibers.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176780

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Male weanling rats were fed four diets providing high or low levels of protein and/or zinc. One group on each diet was sacrificed every 2 weeks to measure the weights of the reproductive organs, plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, and the plasma and testicular concentrations of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and zinc. The results demonstrate that hypogonadal states are produced in response to protein deficiency and zinc deficiency but the mechanisms involved are different. The specific effects of zinc deficiency are not observed in protein-deficient animals.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176781

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Two groups of rats were fed either a commercial (C group) or a semi-synthetic (S group) diet of very similar quantitative composition, which induce similar growth in the animals. Glycosyltransferase activities are very different in the two groups: fucosyltransferase is lower in S group than in C group, regardless of the expression of the results (specific activity versus protein or DNA). The other activities (galactosyl-, N-acetylglucosaminyl-, N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases) are modified when expressed versus DNA content; N-acetylneuraminyltransferase specific activity is not altered. Since the weight of mucosa is significantly lower in the S group than in the C group, all the total activities are decreased in the S group. The fucosylation process is further characterized by partial purification of the enzyme and study of the synthesis of GDP-fucose. In each case, interfering reactions (glycosyl-nucleotide pyrophosphatases and proteinases) are controlled. The results give evidence that glycosyltransferases are very sensitive to the qualitative composition of the diet.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176782

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger