摘要:

In a multicenter double-blind clinical trial, forty-five athletes, 39 males and 6 females, mean age 20.87 yr (SD 4.48), affected by sports injuries were treated with diclofenac, suprofen, or placebo, orally administered for a period of 1 wk. An objective examination like telethermography was performed with the clinical evaluations (pain on movement or at pressure, motility, and swelling) before and after the treatment period, in all patients. Moreover, at the end of the trial both investigator and patient gave their global judgement of efficacy. The statistical analysis showed a significant superiority of diclofenac sodium versus suprofen and placebo both in patients' and in investigators' global evaluations (P <0.05—Kruskal- Wallis tests). This superiority appeared particularly clear in the telethermographic evaluation (P <0.05), which is more objective than the clinical one, attesting to the usefulness of the early administration of anti-inflammatory drugs in management of sports injuries. Furthermore, a correlation analysis showed that telethermography is a good technique in controlling the recovery process

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether female runners who consume a modified vegetarian diet are predisposed to iron deficiency. Two groups of female runners who were matched for age, weight, aerobic capacity, miles run per week, and number of pregnancies were obtained for this study. One group (N=9) regularly consumed a modified vegetarian diet (MV, <100 g red meat-wk-1), while the other group (N=9) consumed a diet which included red meat (RM). Serum ferritin values were significantly (P < 0.05) lower for the MV group (X ± SE, 7.4 ± 1.4 ng-100 ml-1) than for the RM group (19.8 ± 4.2 ng-100 ml-1). Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) of the serum was also significantly different between the two groups of subjects (MV, 366.5 ± 12.2 /xg-100 ml-1; RM, 327.2 ± 9.6 g. 100 ml-1). While dietary iron intake was comparable for the two groups (MV, 14.7 + 2.0 mg-d-1; RM, 14.0 ± 2.2 mg-d-1), the bioavailability of the dietary iron was significantly different (MV, 0.66 + 0.08 mgd-1; RM, 0.91 ±0.10 mg-d-1). As the presence of heme iron (from meat, fish, and poultry) increases the bioavailability of dietary iron, the results of the present investigation suggest that vegetarian athletes have altered iron status due to the form in which their dietary iron is consumed

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The aim of this study was to specify whether during exercise the neural response to increased resistive load in asthmatic children corresponds to a modification of the neuromuscular inspiratory drive, to a modification of the breathing pattern, or to both. Thus, nine children with mild or moderate asthma (aged 10- 15 yr) and nine normal children (aged 11-16 yr) were studied during an incremental load exercise with a cycle ergometer, the load of which was increased by steps of 30 W-3 min-1. During the 3rd min of each workload, we measured the following parameters: O2consumption (VO2), CO2production (VCO2), ventilation (VE), tidal volume (VT), respiratory frequency (0, ratio of inspiratory to total time of respiratory cycle (T1/TTOT), mean inspiratory flow (VT/T1) as well as mouth occlusion pressure measured at 100 ms (Po.i), and inspiratory power for breathing (W). At maximum level, the two groups showed identical values for heart rate, ventilation divided by weight (VEBW), T,/ TTOT), VT/T1, POI|, and W. However, asthmatic children had lower maximal power (P < 0.02), higher tidal volume divided by weight (VTDW) (P <0.05), and lower f (P < 0.01). At a same level of exercise (60, 90, or 120 W), in both groups, we found identical values for P0.i, VEBW, VO2, T1/TTOT. and VTAW/T1. However, asthmatic patients exhibited higher VTDWand lower f (limit of significance). This resulted from higher inspiratory and total time durations. Furthermore, they showed a higher inspiratory power for breathing. It was the same for f and VTnwif the results were expressed in relation to the VO2in mlkg-1. In conclusion, this study shows that, in asthmatic children, the neural response to increased resistive load during exercise corresponds essentially to a modification of the breathing pattern and leads to 1) a good ventilatory adaptation during exercise, in children with mild or moderate asthma, with a high tidal volume and a low respiratory frequency, and 2) a slight decrease of the reached maximal power, which seems due to a limitation of the increase in respiratory frequency

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study examined the applicability of exercise prescription guidelines established for the able-bodied to spinal cord-injured (SCI) persons. Two SCI groups performed wheelchair ergometry (WCE) 20 min three times per week for 8 wk. Low-intensity (LI, N=6) and moderate-intensity (MI, N=5) groups trained at 50-60% and 70-80% maximal heart rate reserve (HRR), respectively. The subjects completed an incremental discontinuous maximal WCE test to exhaustion pre- and post-training. A submaximal WCE test consisting of 4-min exercise stages at power outputs of 5, 10, and 15 W was also performed pre- and post-training. Blood samples were collected before and after training and analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDLC). The TC/HDL-C ratio was calculated. Both groups exhibited no significant changes (P >0.10) in VO2max, HRmax, POmax, lactate (La)max, and VO2at 4 mmol [La]. No pre- to post-training differences were recorded in the LI group for submaximal VO2, HR, VE, La, and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). The MI group had significantly lower (P <0.10) post-training submaximal HR, La, and RPE and no changes in VO2or VE. Blood lipid levels remained unaltered in the LI group, while the MI group exhibited significant increases in HDLC and decreases in TG, LDL-C, and the TC/HDL-C ratio. The maximal test data revealed that 8 wk of LI and MI wheelchair ergometry training did not improve VO2max in SCI persons. The submaximal test and blood lipid results indicate that 70% maximal HRR was the threshold intensity needed to elicit training benefits in SCI persons

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Morton foot structure MFS is a foot having, as its most prominent distinguishing feature, a second metatarsal head which is more distally placed than the head of the first. This structure has been associated with a variety of foot problems in athletes. The origin of these foot problems has been hypothesized to be an abnormal metatarsal head loading pattern found in the MFS. This study was conducted to determine whether the MFS produced a metatarsal head pressure profile which was different from the non–Morton foot. Plantar pressure distributions during walking were collected using a 1000 element piezoceramic pressure platform from the feet of 45 subjects (30 classified as having the MFS and 15 non–Morton or control subjects). The protrusion of the head of the second metatarsal beyond the first metatarsal head was determined by palpation and varied between 0.8 and 2.8 cm for the experimental group. Pressure distributions were collected from a mid–gait step onto the platform at a speed of 1.6 to 2 m·s-1using a 15 m runway. Peak pressures and impulse values were determined for three forefoot regions. Results show that peak loading in both groups occurred under the second metatarsal but that the magnitudes of second metatarsal peak pressures were significantly higher in the MFS group (P< 0.005). The results suggest that, although the loading pattern between MFS and normal feet is similar, the significantly higher second metatarsal head peak pressure in the MFS may predispose this foot type to problems associated with excessive localized pressure.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effects of caloric restriction and exercise on resting metabolic rate (RMR) were studied in five obese humans. Subjects consumed a 500 kcal-d-1diet for 4 wk, with the subjects remaining sedentary during the first 2 wk and then exercising 30 min daily at 60% VO2maxduring the last 2 wk of caloric restriction. After 2 wk of dieting, RMR decreased to approximately 87% of the pre-dieting control value. Over the last 2 wk of dieting with the addition of daily exercise, the fall in RMR was reversed as it returned to the pre-dieting level. In summary, daily exercise reversed the drop in RMR associated with severe caloric restriction

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to determine whether endogenous opioids are involved in the control of skeletal muscle blood flow during locomotory exercise in rats. The radiolabeled miscrosphere technique was used to measure total and regional muscle blood flow. We first determined whether methionine enkephalin (1,000 μ g-kg-1I.V.) would produce vasodilation in muscle vascular beds. We found that methionine enkephalin produced a 36 mm Hg (range of 20-50 mm Hg) drop in mean arterial pressure (Pa), which was associated with decreases in calculated skeletal muscle vascular resistance in anesthetized rats, and that these effects on arterial pressure and skeletal muscle vascular resistance were blocked by the infusion of naloxone (10 μ g-kg-1). Measurements were then made at 5 min of treadmill exercise at 15 m-min-1(0 degree incline) and following exercise in both saline-treated (controls) and naloxone (10 μ g-kg-1)- treated conscious rats. There were no differences between the heart rates, blood pressures, or total muscle blood flows of the two groups. There were also no significant differences between the blood flows to 32 hind limb muscle samples composed of various muscle fiber types. Since naloxone blockade did not affect total or regional muscle blood flow during low intensity exercise, it appears that the endogenous opioids are not required for the normal exercise hyperemia of skeletal muscles

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We used an algebraic model of resting heart rate (HRr), HRr–mn (HRo), to compare resting parasympathetic (n) and sympathetic (m) influence, intrinsic heart rate (HRo), and resting autonomic balance (Au) in ten endurance–trained (ET) and ten nontrained (NT) men. The values of m, n, and AMI were determined by selective pharmacological blockade with atropine and metoprolol. HR,, was obtained during double blockade with atropine and metoprolol. HRO and HRr were significantly lower (P < 0.04 and P < 0.01, respectively) in the ET subjects(79.5 + 2.8 beats·min-land 54.7 ± 3.0 beats·min-1respectively) when compared to the ET subjects (86.6 ± 2.5 beats·min and 70.2 ±3.1 beats·min-1, respectively). Parasympathetic influence in) was greater in the ET subjects (P < 0.04), while sympathetic influence (m) was slightly (P < 0.05) less in the ET subjects. Consequently, the value of Ahai was significantly less in the ET subjects (P < 0.02), indicating that resting parasympathetic predominance was significantly greater in the ET subjects. We concluded that the exercise training bradycardia, observed in this group of subjects, was due to both a lower HRo and an Ata, with an augmented parasympathetic dominance.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to compare the metabolic and endocrine responses, and the amounts of exogenous carbohydrate oxidized, during prolonged moderate cycle ergometer exercise (120 min, 60% VO2max), preceded by ingestion of I3C enriched glucose (G), fructose (F), or pure corn starch (S) (1,592 kJ ingested with 400 ml of water, 60 min before the beginning of exercise) in six healthy young male subjects. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations significantly increased in response to G and S feeding. The high plasma insulin values resulted in a significant transient reduction in plasma glucose concentration in the first hour of exercise and blunted the response of plasma free fatty acid and glycerol concentrations, when compared to the values observed with F ingestion, which did not modify plasma glucose or insulin concentrations. Over the 2 h exercise period, the percentages of exogenous G (67 ± 9%) and S (73 ± 8%) oxidized were not significantly different but were significantly higher than the percentage of exogenous F oxidized (54 + 6%). These results confirm that 1) exogenous F is less readily available for oxidation than G or S and 2) pure corn starch does not offer any advantage over glucose as a pre-exercise meal

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Gastric emptying during prolonged cycling exercise in the heat.Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 51-58, 1989. Eight trained male cyclists (ages 20-33 yr) completed four 3-h bouts of cycling at 60% peak VO2in the heat (33°C) drinking either water (W), 5% glucose (G), 5% glucose polymer (GP), or 3.2% glucose polymer + 1.8% fructose (GP/F) at a rate of 350 ml every 20 min (3.15 1 total volume). Similar changes in heart rate, sweat rate, rectal and mean skin temperatures, and plasma [Na+], [K+], and osmolality were observed during all trials. Mean changes in plasma volume, although not significantly different between trials, were lowest for the GP/F drink (-2.6%) and greatest for the G (-8.1 %) drink. Plasma volume decreased (P<0.05) below pre-exercise control values during the W, G, and GP trials but was maintained at control values during the GP/F trials. In contrast to water ingestion, G, GP, and GP/F ingestion maintained plasma glucose and respiratory exchange ratios throughout the 3-h exercise bouts. Gastric residual volume (GRV) obtained at the end of exercise was similar for the W, GP, and GP/F trials. The G trials yielded greater (P<0.05) GRV than W trials. For all drinks ingested, over 90% of the 3.15 1 consumed was emptied from the stomach during the 3-h exercise bouts. At a mean sweat rate of 1.2 I·h1cyclists replaced 73% of fluid lost and experienced only a 1.6% loss in body weight. This study demonstrates that, during prolonged (3-h) cycling exercise in the heat, large volumes of W and 5% carbohydrate can be emptied from the stomach to help minimize the effects of dehydration.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID