ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Circulating levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured in 13 children with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) (seven with type 1 and six with type 2). In untreated children with type 1 AIH, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were elevated when compared to those of healthy controls(p <0.005,p <0.02,p =0.06, respectively), whereas in children with type 2 AIH, cytokine levels were normal in all except one sample. A significant decrease in circulating IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α was observed when patients were evaluated during a subsequent remission. We found no significant correlation of cytokine levels with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, total serum γ-globulins, or prothrombin activity. In patients with cirrhosis, serum IL-8 and IL-6 levels were higher (significantly in the case of IL-8) than those of patients without cirrhosis. In conclusion, activation of the in vivo production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α appears to be associated with type 1 but not with type 2 AIH.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Serial liver biopsy changes have been reviewed in 30 patients with Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC) who were randomly allocated to receive treatment with penicillamine in a dose of 20 mg/kg/day, 10 of whom also received prednisolone, and five receiving placebo. The latter died within 185 (mean, 149) days of starting treatment. Nine receiving penicillamine died within 540 (mean, 338) days, but the remainder are well 5.1–9.3 years after commencing treatment. Initial biopsies showed severe hepatocellular injury, pericellular fibrosis, inflammatory infiltration, and orcein-staining granules. Second biopsies taken within 6 months of starting penicillamine usually showed persistence of inflammation and an increase in nodularity with thick and thin active sep-tae. Subsequently the appearances were of an inactive micronodular cirrhosis, with reduction in septal inflammatory infiltrate, hepatocellular injury, and intensity of orcein staining. This further improved to a stage of incomplete fibrous septae. The last liver biopsies at 6–60 months (in 21 survivors) showed almost normal histology in four, incomplete fibrous septae in five, and inactive micronodular cirrhosis with thin septae in 12. Mean liver copper concentrations decreased from 1,407 (SEM, 121) (xg/g at presentation to 925 (183), 317 (100), and 127 (35) at 6, 6–18, and >18 months after starting treatment. By contrast, a second biopsy taken in the 6 months after diagnosis in placebo-treated children showed persistence of ICC with increase in inflammation, fibrosis, and orcein staining.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study investigates the relationship between dietary fat and ion transport in rat intestine. Animals were fed isocaloric diets with high fat content as corn oil, evening primrose oil (Efamol), fish oil, Efamol/ fish oil, olive oil, coconut oil, and butter. A low-fat (corn oil) diet was used in a control group. Biopsies of the small intestine from these animals were mounted in an Ussing chamber, and the intestinal mucosal to serosal ion transport was measured as short-circuit current (SCC). The SCC was stimulated in rats fed on diets high in polyunsaturated fatty acids such as corn oil, Efamol, fish oil, and Efamol/fish oil. SCC was also stimulated in rats fed on diets high in monosaturated fatty acids such as olive oil. Animals fed on diets high in saturated fatty acids such as coconut oil and butter, on the other hand, showed an inhibition in the SCC. To determine whether the effect of membrane lipids was mediated by a differential effect on membrane receptor proteins, the response to secretogogue challenge was studied. Biochemical agents and secretogogues including acetylcholine, noradrenaline, dibutyryl-cAMP, calcium ionophore A2318, and prostaglandin E2 were analysed and compared. These agents were able to influence the SCC, showing responses with marked differences between diet groups.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Quantitative analysis and immunohistochemical studies of small intestinal mucosa were performed to investigate the mechanism of mucosal damage in 10 patients with food-sensitive enteropathy. Jejunal biopsy specimens were taken before and after treatment and after clinical relapse following a challenge test. The low villous height of untreated patients normalized after introduction of an elimination diet but declined again to subnormal level after a challenge test. Several other types of cells were significantly increased in the untreated patients in comparison to controls. These included HLA-DR+(DR+) CD4+cells in the lamina propria and intraepithelial CD8+cells. Moreover, those cell patterns, such as increased DR+CD4+cells and CD8+cells, normalized with treatment but regressed to pretreatment levels when the patients were challenged. These findings suggest that activated CD4+cells in the lamina propria of the small intestinal mucosa, probably by releasing cytokines, may play an important role in contributing to mucosal damage in patients with food-sensitive enteropathy.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The lack of nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) inhibitory innervation in aganglionic intestine is typical of Hirschsprung's disease. Several neuropeptides participating in the intestinal NANC innervation are greatly reduced in aganglionic intestine. However, these findings do not fully explain the pathophysiology of the disease. Recently, nitric oxide (NO) has been presented as a potent smooth muscle relaxant, and the enzyme responsible for its formation, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has been demonstrated in neuronal elements in both the central and peripheral nervous system. In our study, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase staining, a marker for NOS, and NOS immu-nohistochemistry revealed a dense innervation of the smooth muscle layers and the myenteric ganglia in ganglionic non afflicted intestine from patients with Hirschsprung's disease. By contrast, there was an almost complete lack of NOS-immunoreactive and NADPH-diaphorase-positive nerve fibers in the afflicted aganglionic bowel. NOS and vasoactive intestinal peptide were found to be partially colocalized in nerve fibers and neuronal cell bodies in the ganglionic but not in the aganglionic intestine. The lack of NO-producing nerve fibers in the aganglionic intestine probably contributes to the inability of the smooth muscle to relax, thereby causing lack of peristalsis in Hirschsprung's disease.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We studied the internal anal sphincter (IAS) muscle from 10 patients with achalasia and five normal controls using histochemical staining for NADPH-diaphorase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Normal control IAS muscle contained occasional AChE-positive nerve fibers, whereas IAS achalasia specimens demonstrated prominent AChE-positive nerve fibers in muscle layers. NADPH-diaphorase activity was strongly expressed in nerves in the normal IAS muscle but was absent or scanty in the muscle of patients with IAS achalasia. Our findings of increased AChE-positive nerves and the absence of NADPH-diaphorase activity taken in conjunction with reports of abnormal peptidergic innervation indicate that complex neural abnormalities occur in IAS achalasia. The primary event remains obscure, but it is possible that a single defect, such as nitrergic nerve depletion, may lead to compensatory changes in the other nerve fibers.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID