ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The naturally occurring, nonradioactive, stable isotopes,2H, 15N,18O, and in particular,13C, are valuable tracers in studies of pediatric nutrition and gas-troenterology. Techniques using these isotopes have been developed for the measurement of digestion, absorption, utilization, and excretion of nutrients in premature and term infants, as well as in young children. Compounds labeled with13C enable quantitative measurements of nutrient oxidation rates and percent nutrient malabsorption. Illustrations of these applications are presented in studies of simple and complex carbohydrate metabolism, of medium- and long-chain triglyceride absorption and malabsorption, and of bile salt conservation and loss in the neonate. Modular protocols for the determination of nutrient absorption, oxidation, and loss now can be applied in longitudinal studies which involve comparisons of diet or which monitor recovery following malnutrition or disease. Instrumentation to be available in the future will simplify isotope ratio determinations and create ready access to the methodologies described.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Seven children with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and one child with persistently abnormal results of liver function tests due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were treated with human leukocyte interferon (Hu-IFN). Five of them were positive for eAg and two of the three who were measured for DNA polymerase (DNAP) activity in sera showed moderate elevations of its levels. Hu-IFN was injected intramuscularly daily or once weekly at doses of 0.05–1 x 106IU. The total dose per patient varied from 10.5–54 x 106IU. After administration of Hu-IFN, rapid loss of eAg was observed in two of the five eAg patients, and DNAP activity reverted to normal ranges in the two patients with moderate elevations of its levels. One of the patients who lost eAg has retained normal serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase levels for more than 2 years after therapy with Hu-IFN. Serial hepatic biopsies were performed in only one patient. In the second biopsy, 3 months after therapy with Hu-α-IFN, infiltration of inflammatory cells in the portal region was improved compared with earlier findings. Immediate and/or prolonged adverse side effects were not observed during or after administration of Hu-α-IFN. For the present, we propose these six conditions for use of Hu-α-IFN in children with HBV infection. Children should: (a) be more than 1 year old; (b) have abnormal liver function for more than 6 months; (c) have a liver biopsy demonstrating CAH; (d) have moderate elevation of DNAP activity; (e) be eAg positive; and (f) be unresponsive to other treatments.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The efficacy of immunosuppressive treatment was evaluated in a group of 15 children (aged 2–10 years) affected by clinically asymptomatic, biochemically mild, HBsAg-positive, †-antibody-negative, histologically moderate, chronic active hepatitis (CAH). Clinical, biochemical, serological, and histological features of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were studied during a follow-up of 2 years. Eight of 15 patients received immunosuppressive treatment (prednisone plus azathio-prine); seven received a placebo. No significant differences were found among treated and untreated patients, an overall improvement of nearly all parameters of disease (aminotransferases, albumin, prothrombin time, immunoglobulins, bromsulphalein at 45 min, and bile acid serum levels) being found in both groups. Treated patients showed an improvement in aminotransferase levels only at the first 3-month checkup. This finding, however, was not statistically significant in our study and disappeared at subsequent follow-up examinations. A high incidence of HBeAg was noted at entry into the study (10 of 15 patients checked). HBeAg seroconversion was observed in two of the six HBeAg-positive treated patients and in two of the four HBeAg-positive untreated patients. Finally, the histological picture showed similar patterns in both groups of patients studied. Our data suggest that no benefit from immunosuppressive therapy can be proven at this time in asymptomatic, moderately active, HBsAg-positive, †-negative CAH in children.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of early vitamin E supplementation on the rate of heme catabolism (bilirubin production) in healthy preterm infants. Bilirubin production was estimated from the concentration of carbon monoxide in “end-tidal” gas. Serum vitamin E, hemoglobin, and bilirubin levels were determined by standard techniques. Thirty infants received supplementation with vitamin E or placebo in a double-blind, randomized fashion. Infants were studied on day 1 of life prior to therapy, and on days 3 and 7 postnatally. Results showed that in both placebo-supplemented and vitamin E-supplemented groups, vitamin E levels were significantly higher on days 3 and 7 compared with day 1. Bilirubin production was not significantly different on day 3 compared with day 1 in either group, but was significantly lower in both groups by day 7 compared with day 1. There were no significant differences in hemoglobin and serum bilirubin levels between the two groups at any point in time. In conclusion, although vitamin E supplementation significantly raises vitamin E levels, placebo-supplemented premature infants also achieve vitamin E sufficiency and a decrease in bilirubin production by day 7 of age.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To determine the relative role of malabsorption as the cause of decreased linoleic acid in blood and tissue lipids of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and pancreatic insufficiency, the increase in plasma linoleic acid was determined after ingestion of various lipid supplements. CF patients with documented pancreatic insufficiency and normal control subjects were given each of four different lipid supplements on separate days (a minimum of 3 days apart). The supplements were commercial safflower oil, Microlipid, Captex 810D, and Captex 810B. Fasting subjects consumed 36 g of lipid in a milk shake containing 15 g of protein and 45 g of carbohydrate. Plasma samples obtained at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after the meal showed that CF patients absorbed linoleic acid from all of the lipid preparations tested when administered with their regular dose of pancreatic enzyme supplement. The mean maximal increase in percent plasma linoleic acid in CF patients was not different from controls after ingestion of safflower oil, Microlipid, and Captex 810B. With Captex 810D the CF patients had a significantly higher increase in percent plasma linoleic acid than controls, 6.75% vs. 2.27%, respectively, at 2 h (p < 0.01), and 11.10% vs. 4.65% at 8 h(p < 0.01). The CF patients also appeared to absorb the Captex products faster than controls, suggesting that presence of medium chain length fatty acids in these structured lipids facilitated their utilization by CF patients. The results indicate that malab-sorption alone cannot account for the inadequate or marginal essential fatty acid status of CF patients. The fact that linoleic acid was absorbed as well by CF patients as controls in the present study suggests that CF patients in many previous supplementation studies either have not been given sufficient linoleic acid or have used the linoleic acid ingested to meet caloric needs. There is increasing evidence that adequate total caloric intake may be a far more important factor in determining the essential fatty acid status of CF patients than previously recognized. Our results suggest that long-term consumption of supplemental linoleic acid in addition to adequate caloric intake should improve the linoleic acid status of most, if not all, CF patients.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The appearance of celiac disease in infancy has often been related to the time when gluten is introduced into the diet, and more recently, to the kind of milk received in the early months. This retrospective study attempts to clarify the relation between breast-feeding and gluten introduction to the onset of symptoms of the disease. One hundred forty-six children with celiac disease, aged from 4 months to 11 years, were studied. The timing and types of feeds were recorded as well as the presenting symptoms of the disease. Data were analyzed by nonparametric statistical methods, as well as by parametric analysis after appropriate transformation. Children breast-fed for 3 months or more showed a marked delay in the onset of the disease and a longer latency time from gluten introduction to onset of disease, when compared with bottle-fed children. This relationship was present for both statistical analyses and was unrelated to the age at gluten introduction into the diet. Onset of disease was positively correlated to the duration of breast-feeding and not related to the age at gluten introduction.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID