ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The influence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and hydrocortisone on the functional development of human fetal colon was studied in organ cultures. Fetal colon (14 to 17 weeks gestation) was cultured for 5 days at 37°C in serum-free Leibovitz L-15 medium alone or supplemented with 1, 10, and 100 ng of EGF/ml or with 50 ng of hydrocortisone/ml of culture medium. The overall morphology of the colonic explants was not altered by the hormonal addition. In the continuous presence of EGF (1, 10, and 100 ng/ml) for 5 days, a significant decrease of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA was observed. At the brush border level, the addition of EGF induced a significant drop in sucrase, maltase, and alkaline phos-phatase activities. These enzymic modifications occurred between the third and fifth day of culture, whereas variation in DNA synthesis was already evident within 24 h. The addition of hydrocortisone at a dose affecting the small intestine (50 ng/ml) did not significantly influence colonic DNA synthesis nor the digestive enzymic activities. These observations show for the first time that EGF, but not hydrocortisone, influences the proliferation and differentiation of human fetal colonic mucosa.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

From a retrospective study on children who underwent colonoscopy or rectosigmoidoscopy with multiple level biopsies, we selected five patients whose rectocolonic endoscopic aspect was normal and contrasting with the presence of a microscopic colitis on biopsies. These five children had chronic diarrhea (mean duration of 14 months), associated with vomiting (three cases), abdominal pain (two cases), anorexia (two cases), abdominal distension (two cases), and weight loss (four cases). Symptomatic treatment was used in all children: lopera-mide (one case), trimebutine (three cases), and aluminium and magnesium silicate (two cases). One child received sulfasalazine for 2 months. After 1 year, all patients had normal stools. Rectosigmoidoscopy was performed in four patients and was normal. Biopsies obtained in three cases were normal in two cases and showed a persistent microscopic colitis in one case. Microscopic colitis may be a distinct cause of chronie diarrhea in children.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Out of 528 children with Crohn's disease in a Multicenter Paediatric Crohn's Disease Study Group, 37 cases had epithelioid granulomas but did not fulfill defined radiographic criteria of the disease. Follow-up studies including clinical, biochemical, radiological, endoscopic, and histological investigations were done in these patients. Initially, all patients showed clinical symptoms and 27 of them had biochemical signs of chronic inflammation. After a mean follow-up of 3 years, all 37 children treated for Crohn's disease got a complete upper gastrointestinal series with small bowel followthrough and 8 children in addition had barium enemas. Colonoscopies were done in 23 patients. Radiographic examination revealed Crohn's disease in 14 and endoscopy additionally confirmed Crohn's disease in 8 further cases. One child was diagnosed as having chronic granulomatous disease. Thirteen children still remained unclassified after these follow-up studies including radiographs and endoscopy. An interval of 3 years may in some cases be too short to express the complete radiographic pattern of Crohn's disease. Our studies demonstrate that in addition to initial radiological, endoscopic, and histological investigations, a thorough follow-up is necessary in early diagnosed patients. In these children, epithelioid granulomas are of high diagnostic validity proceeding radiological changes of Crohn's disease often for years.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Eleven (13.8%) children (4–14 months; mean of 7.8 ± 3.6 months) presenting with protracted diarrhea (duration >21 days) and weight loss had associated infection withSalmonella typhimurium. All had documented weight loss of 16–25% and progressive clinical deterioration. On admission, they had high purging rates (>4 ml/kg/h), hyponatremia (5/11), mucosal injury, and malabsorption as measured by 1 h blood D-xylose, fecal α,-antitrypsin, and oral fat tolerance test. Diarrhea was secretory in 8 of 11 and fecal sodium was high (54–142 mEq/L; mean of 102 ± 27 mEq/L). The organism showed multiple drug resistance. All patients received antibiotics (amikacin and nalidixic acid/norfloxacin) for 10–14 days, which was followed by rapid improvement in clinical status and absorption studies. The two youngest patients died. Due to ethical reasons, an untreated control group was not included. Use of appropriate antibiotics may benefit children withS. typhimurium-associated severe protracted diarrhea and rapid progressive weight loss.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The majority of episodes of acute infectious diarrhea in infancy are of relatively short duration. Prolongation of the diarrhea presents problems in management, deterioration of the infant's nutritional status, and an increased mortality. As part of a prospective study of the etiology of acute infectious diarrhea, some factors associated with the probability (more or less) of having self-limiting disease have been identified. The well-nourished infant over 6 months of age is more likely to have self-limiting disease, whereas this outcome is least likely in the very young infant under 3 months of age, particularly if underweight for age. With the exception ofShigella, bacterial enteropathogens (Campylobacter fetus jejuni, Salmonella B, and certain enteropathogenicEscherichia colitypes) were also associated with a decreased likelihood of self-limiting disease. Rotavirus infection was associated with self-limiting disease except in the infant under 3 months of age, where the probability of self-limiting disease was decreased.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The association of congenital abnormalities and gastrointestinal tract diseases has been described. The coincidence of Down's syndrome and coeliac disease has been occasionally reported, but a clear relation is not definitely established. Reviewing 190 patients with coeliac disease diagnosed at Queen Elizabeth Hospital, London, from 1960 to 1985 an increased incidence of Down's syndrome compared to the natural incidence of this abnormality in the general population was found. The age of the mothers was well below that where a reverse in the incidence of Down's syndrome is expected, and it appears therefore that this anomaly and coeliac disease may be linked. This possibility should be bourne in mind when evaluating children with Down's syndrome and gastrointestinal symptoms.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Fresh yogurt has been proposed as a milk substitute for lactase-defitient patients. We investigated the possibility that a dried, low-fat milk fermented by yogurt microorganisms would be effective. Processing of a fermented milk by spray-drying led to a powder with persistence of lactase activity (11.7 units/g) without storage at 4°C and stable at room temperature (20–23°C). The tolerance and absorption of 10.5 g of lactose in a volume of 150 ml was studied in 25 Gabonese lactase-deficient children aged 5–14 years in the form of a standard humanized milk formula followed 1 week later by the powdered fermented milk formula. Results of the breath hydrogen test showed that in 24 of 25 cases, lactose absorption was normal with a maximal rise of hydrogen over baseline of under 13 ppm after ingestion of the powdered fermented milk. The rise was above 20 ppm in the 25 children with the same load of lactose in the form of the standard formula and one-third had symptoms of lactose intolerance. This powdered fermented milk preparation should be considered as a valid approach in programs of nutritional support targeted to countries with a high prevalence of lactase deficiency.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In the present work, somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) in human milk was characterized. In the early postpartum period, SLI levels were highest on the first day after delivery, and then gradually declined. From the fifth day postpartum, SLI levels in milk seemed unchanged. On the fifth day after delivery, milk SLI was significantly (p< 0.01) higher than plasma SLI (126.3 ± 11.7 vs. 17.6 ± 1.1 pmol/L). The results indicate an active transport from blood or synthesis of somatostatin within the mammary gland. Gel filtration studies of skimmed milk, as well as milk exposed to urea and HCl, and aspirated milk from the human premature newborn, revealed that the main portion of milk SLI either represents somatostatin covalently bound to a larger protein, or more likely, a high molecular weight variant of somatostatin.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID