摘要:

Summary:Aminooligopeptidase (AOP) is the predominant peptidase in the small intestinal epithelium. During postnatal development in the rat, characteristic ontogenic and regional patterns of AOP activities become established: To investigate the molecular mechanisms regulating the maturational changes in AOP activity, we compared AOP synthesis and assembly in the jejunum of suckling (14-day-old) and weaned (28-day-old) rats. AOP synthesis was assessed in vivo by intraperitoneal labeling with [35S]methionine. Both AOP activity and AOP synthesis doubled at weaning, while its posttranslational processing remained unaltered. To examine the mechanisms responsible for generating the regional differences in AOP activity in weaned rats, we contrasted the de novo synthesis, kinetic properties, total immunoreactive protein, and degradation of the jejunal and ileal peptidases. Although AOP catalytic activity was significantly greater in the jejunum than in the ileum, its synthesis rate and substrate affinity (Km) were identical at both sites. However, the ileal peptidase was degraded more rapidly than the jejunal enzyme (t1/2 = 4 and 10 h, respectively). In summary, our data show that increased synthesis accounts for the ontogenic rise in intestinal AOP activity but that altered enzyme turnover produces the jejunal-ileal gradient in AOP activity in weaned rats. Thus the ontogenic and regional expressions of intestinal AOP are defined by transcriptional/translational and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms, respectively.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:The excretion of bile acids in urine was followed prospectively during the first year of life in 17 infants fed different diets from the age of 3 to 10 days. Eight infants were breast-fed, four were fed formulas that were based on adapted cow's milk, and five were fed a formula that was based on soy protein isolate. The formulas had higher protein concentrations than human milk; had different types of proteins, and had not been supplemented with taurine. Urinary bile acids were determined by gas-liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric analyses of 24-h urinary samples collected at 1–12 days (only formula-fed infants) and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. The results showed a higher urinary bile acid excretion at 3 months of age in both formula groups than in the breastfed infants. A deficiency of dietary taurine during formula-feeding did not seem to limit the formation of taurine conjugates during the first month of life. The developmental pattern of urinary bile acid excretion during the first year differed according to the type of feeding. Isomers of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid appeared in the urine of all breast-fed infants at 6 to 12 months of age. These metabolites, assumed to be the first metabolites derived from the developing gut flora of the infants, appeared at an earlier age and in higher amounts in both formula groups compared to breast-fed infants. Bile acids lacking a 7-hydroxy group, known to be formed by the intestinal flora, appeared in infants in all feeding groups later than the isomers. The results of the study imply that the early introduction of formula may modify bile acid metabolism in infants.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:We evaluated urinary calcium excretion in 21 premature infants fed either a formula containing high concentrations of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) or human milk fortified with a commercially available human milk fortifier. Dual-tracer stable-isotope Ca absorption studies were performed on all infants. Urinary Ca excretion was not significantly related to Ca or P intake or true Ca absorption. The recovery of the orally administered tracer in the urine was used to evaluate the source of calciuria in study subjects. In almost all subjects, tissue-derived (Fbu), rather than diet-derived (Vou), Ca was the principal source of urinary Ca. Hypercalciuric subjects demonstrated greater Vbuand Vouthan nonhypercalciuric subjects. Our data demonstrate that moderate hypercalciuria is common in premature infants whose diets are high in mineral content and that hypercalciuria is not related to inadequate mineral intake or Ca absorption but is related, instead, to losses of both tissue and dietary Ca.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of breast-feeding on the intellectual development of the infant, controlling for possible confounding factors. A prospective study of cohorts was carried out in a group of 229 healthy infants, studied from birth to 2 years of age. The infants were divided into two groups: group 1,99 infants who were bottle-fed; and group 0, 130 who were breast-fed. All other characteristics in both groups were similar. Psychomotor development was measured between 18 and 29 months using the Bayley scales. Lower results on the Index of Mental Development were associated with bottle-fed infants, lower-middle and lower social class, elementary education of the mother, temper tantrums, and having siblings. Lower results on the Index of Motor Development were associated only with lower and lower-middle social class.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:The many biological advantages of breast milk call for promoting breast-feeding. The extent to which separation of ill newborns from their mothers negatively influences breast-feeding is not known. By means of a written inquiry, we investigated the prevalence of exclusive, partial, and no breast-feeding of 536 newborns hospitalized at a tertiary care neonatal center with no inborn patients. Three hundred twenty-seven questionnaires were completed correctly. Fifty percent of the mothers eventually succeeded in exclusive breast-feeding, 25% in partial breast-feeding, and 25% never breast-fed. The frequency of breast-feeding was similar to the Swiss average for the first 4 months of life in healthy newborns and declined more rapidly thereafter. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses have shown that the following conditions influence breast-feeding negatively: gestational age ≤33 weeks, maternal age >25 years, and lower professional status of the father. Additionally, multivariate analysis revealed a promoting effect of previous breast-feeding. Exclusive breast-feeding has eventually been possible in half of the newborns who had initially been separated from their mothers due to illness. Knowledge of the conditions influencing breast-feeding in such populations should help to promote breast-feeding more specifically in tertiary neonatal centers.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:Hepatic glycogen storage diseases are hereditary metabolic disorders involving the metabolism of glycogen. This study was designed to investigate the serum protein status in such diseases. Fifty-five patients with glycogen storage disease types I, III, VI, and IX, whose ages ranged from 1 month to 27 years, were included in this work. C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, α2-macroglobulin, albumin, transferrin, fibronectin, retinol binding protein, and prealbumin serum concentrations were measured in each patient. In patients affected with type I glycogen storage disease, serum concentrations of α2-macroglobulin, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, and transferrin were significantly increased. In patients with types III, VI, and IX glycogen storage diseases, the concentration of α2-macroglobulin was the only one that was significantly increased. Thus, even though this study raises more questions than it answers, it seems likely that the hepatic synthesis of some proteins may be increased in patients affected by hepatic glycogen storage diseases. This may indicate some degree of mild hepatic dysfunction in such metabolic disorders. However, further investigations are required to elucidate the discrepancies observed among the different types of diseases.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:We prospectively studied clinical outcome and nutrition absorption in male children (6–36 months of age) with persistent diarrhea (PD) and severe protein-energy malnutrition (mean z score for age, −4.2 × 0.8). Fifty-one children were randomly allocated to receive a combination of khitchri, a rice-lentil mixture, yogurt, and half-strength buffalo milk (group A; n = 26) or full-strength soy formula (group B; n = 25) for 14 days. The initial caloric intake (p < 0.02) and mean weight gain (p < 0.02) were greater in the group B patients. The mean stool volume and frequency were comparable between the two groups. Seven children in group A were considered clinical failures by criteria of weight loss and PD, compared to three in group B. The coefficients of absorption (COA) for protein were similar between the two groups, but group B patients had higher values of COA for energy and fat (p < 0.05) in the second week of nutritional rehabilitation. The majority (63%) of the children improved on the khitchri-yogurt-milk diet but the nutritional outcome was not as good as with the soy formula. These data indicate that a traditional diet can be successfully used in the dietary management of PD and severe malnutrition but that a more optimal composition, yielding a higher success rate, should be sought.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:The incidence of celiac disease (CD) and the role of IgA-class antigliadin antibody (AGA) determination in revealing new CD cases were studied in Estonia. Altogether 36 cases of CD in Estonian children were diagnosed from January 1976 through June 1992 by criteria recommended by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. A significant increase was observed in the incidence of CD in Estonia (from 1:25,130 live births during 1976–1989 to about 1:2,700 live births during 1990–1992), due mainly to the introduction of IgA-class AGA determinations in an active search for celiac patients since 1990. A total of 29 IgA-class AGA-positive cases was revealed among 1,048 children screened, and 23 of them had CD. Thus, the results show a relatively low incidence of CD in Estonia compared to the figures in neighboring countries. However, the incidence will probably increase if a larger pediatric population can be screened for CD using IgA-class AGA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:Serum antibodies IgA, IgG, and IgM against gliadin, ovalbumin, and β-lactoglobulin were analyzed at the time of 228 small bowel biopsies in 116 celiac children. These were compared to the antibody levels at the time of biopsies performed in 199 children, where the biopsy discarded a clinical suspicion of celiac disease. For antibodies against gliadin, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and diffusion-in-gel (DIG)-ELISA methods were compared. It was found that the combined information from IgA and IgG antigliadin antibodies gave the highest specificity (94%) and sensitivity (89%). The antibody responses to food antigens decreased with age in both celiac and reference children. The ELISA and DIG-ELISA methods gave comparable results and were equally efficient.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID