ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

At birth the gut is sterile but later is continually exposed to potentially harmful agents: infective, toxic, and antigenic. The development of a strictly contained intestinal microflora reflects an important aspect of control over potentially noxious, environmental influences. Control of the intestinal microecology is dependent on many factors including intestinal peristalsis, the intraluminal environment, and microbial interactions. When these regulating mechanisms are lost, microbial contamination of the gut occurs and leads to the so-called “contaminated small-bowel syndrome.” This has serious clinical consequences, including diarrhoea and malabsorption, and can occur in a wide range of clinical situations in infants and young children.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relative antigenicity of whey fractions from milk, milk formula, soy-based formula, and formula containing protein hydrolysate were compared by tanned hemagglutination and immunoprecipitation techniques. A significantly lower antibody response to representative cow's milk proteins (casein, bovine serum albumin, boxine -y-globulin. and a-lactalbumin) occurred in animals fed with milk formula compared to cow's milk, suggesting that these antigens had been modified during the preparation of the milk-based formula. Antibody responses to protein in soy formulas were equivalent to the response to cow's milk protein, suggesting that soy proteins are as antigenic as milk proteins. The response with time to soy protein separated from crude soy powder had a gradual slope and was lower than those to formula, suggesting that the processing of crude soy powder may enhance its antigenicity. In contrast, the antibody response was negative to milk proteins from protein hydrolysate formula, suggesting no antigenicity of this special formula. Furthermore, prior oral feeding with milk formula resulted in a state of partial systemic immunological tolerance. This was even more prolonged using soy-based formula. These data may explain why although as antigenic, soy-based formulas are clinically hypoallergenic-a more complete “low-zone” tolerance being achieved by oral exposure. It is speculated that the handling of ingested soy proteins by the immunological system results in a hypoallergenic state by stimulation of specific suppressor T cells in Peyer s patches by the hapten effect of partially digested protein fragments or by effector cell blockade due to immune complexes present in slight antigen excess. Future work in this area will give pediatricians a sounder scientific basis on which to give advice about infant feeding practices.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effect of egg protein on the small bowel mucosa of a 9-month-old infant with a history of intolerance to egg protein was studied. Within 24 h of ingestion of egg protein marked villous atrophy, depletion of mucosal oligosaccharidases, impaired absorption of xylose, and depressed serum complement levels were observed. The study demonstrates that egg protein is yet another cause of flat mucosa of the small intestine in infants.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A teenage boy with both secretory component deficiency and selective serum immunoglobulin A deficiency also developed pernicious anemia, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, pancreatic insufficiency, lymphopenia, intestinal candidiasis, and anti-intestinal antibody. The patient's father had pernicious anemia and diabetes mellitus while the paternal grandfather also had pernicious anemia. Because the patient had inherited the paternal grandmother's human leukocyte antigen complex, there was no direct association between pernicious anemia and the genetic markers. The presence of multiple immunologic abnormalities in a single patient supports the concept of an underlying defect in immune regulation as a central factor in the pathogenesis of these disorders.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We have measured α-amylase activity in the milk of 18 women who delivered at 25–40 weeks of pregnancy: 25–30 weeks (n = 7), 31–35 weeks (n = 5), and 36–40 weeks (n = 6). In each subject, α-amylase activity in milk was measured 3 days postpartum (colostrum) and at 1. 3, and 6 weeks of lactation. In each of these three groups, α-amylase activity was high in colostrum (mean values of 8,973 ± 697, 4.422 ± 1.000, and 3,550 ± 889 U/L. respectively) and decreased gradually during the following 6 weeks of lactation (mean values of 2.007 ± 413. 1,462 ± 465, and 1,373 ± 400 U/L, respectively. after 6 weeks). The decrease in total α-amylase activity during this time period was not accounted for by a similar decrease in total milk protein since the specific α-amylase activity in colostrum (142.3 ± 15.9 U/g protein) was substantially greater than that measured in milk obtained 6 weeks postpartum (103.4 ± 12.6 U/g protein). The α-amylase in pooled preterm human milk was relatively stable (22°r loss of activity) when preincubated at a pH of 3.0 for 2 h at 37°C. The activity of the enzyme in preterm human milk had a broad pH optimum in the range of 5.0–7.0. Thus, the enzyme can pass through the stomach of the infant after a milk meal without substantial inactivation because of acidity (pH 3.5–6.5). and has maximum catalytic activity at a pH in the range of that found in the duodenum (pH 6.0–7.0).

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

When safflower oil (triglyceride) was consumed without pancreatic enzymes by children with cystic fibrosis (CF), there was no rise in mean plasma linoleic acid levels over the next 4 h. When linoleic acid monoglyceride (LAM) was consumed, the increase in plasma linoleic acid levels was significantly greater than for safflower oil at 2 (p < 0.02), 3 (p < 0.01), and 4 h (p < 0.01). When free fatty acid (hydrolyzed safflower oil) was ingested, there was almost no increase in plasma linoleic acid levels in CF or control children. The absorption of linoleic acid from triglyceride, but not from LAM, was greater when the CF children also took pancreatic enzymes. Three children with CF had greater increases in plasma linoleic acid levels following ingestion of safflower oil when they took antacid and cimetidine with their pancreatic capsules, compared to when they only took the pancreatic capsules.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID