ISSN:0748-3260    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1979.tb00001.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0748-3260    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1979.tb00002.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0748-3260    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1979.tb00003.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTUnited States and world aquaculture production has been increasing rapidly in recent years. The State of Hawaii recognized the potential benefits from expanded aquaculture research and commercial activities and has devoted more than two years in preparing the nation' first comprehensive state‐wide aquaculture development plan. This paper shares the Hawaii planning experience and outlines the procedures, methodology and philosophies, with emphasis on issues which may be relevant to other aquaculture planning efforts. In particular, the following areas are addressed: 1) the initial scoping of the planning process, 2) staffing, 3) preliminary analysis of the data acquisition task, 4) the assessments, 5) formulation of the guidelines for development, and 6) implementation philosophies, strategies and tactics. Hawaii' approach imparts a pragmatic, conservative, step‐wise course for aquaculture development that recognizes the State' finite financial resources while working to achieve the best possible cost/benefit ratio. However, although appearing conservative, it casts State government in the novel role of a strong advocate of aquaculture prog

ISSN:0748-3260    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1979.tb00004.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTData on the development and operating costs for a proposed commercial waste heat aquaculture facility dedicated to culture two species on a diseasonal sequence are presented in this paper. The facility would be located at the Mercer Generating Station, a coal‐fired electric power plant, near Trenton, New Jersey.The concept of reliability indices associated with each of the principal cost and income elements of the proposed aquaculture facility is also introduced. Plots of Return‐on‐Investment vs economic factors and reliability indices are used to depict the venture profitability and confidence of success expected with some of the aquaculture species being studied and the production plans under consideration.Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri[Richardson]) is the principal income‐producing species at the present time and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus[Rafinesque]) is being tested as the warm weather species. High density culture experiments with freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium rosenbergii[de Man]) have not met the criteria for profitability to date; however, because of the market potential for this species, additional studies are underway.Return‐on‐investment analyses were run by varying the principal parameters determining the profitability of a commercial venture. These included the culture species, production density, plant size and useful life, processing facilities, sale price of products and type of financing for venture.The project is jointly sponsored by the National Science Foundation (Division of Problem Focused Research Applications) and PSE&G Company. The venture analyses are based on experimental studies being conducted by Trenton State College and Rutgers

ISSN:0748-3260    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1979.tb00005.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTGuam' aquaculture program was initiated in 1973. At that time government operated experimental demonstration ponds were stocked with a variety of species in order to obtain growth data under local climatic conditions and to determine which show the greatest promise for use in aquaculture. The species which were most promising were the eel (Anguilla japonica) and the freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii).At present the culture of prawn, eel, hybrid tilapia, and freshwater turtle is being conducted on a small scale. The majority of the prawn ponds are managed as polyculture systems with several species of Chinese carp cultured as secondary species. Several marine and freshwater species show potential for aquaculture on Guam in the future. The merits of these species are reviewed.

ISSN:0748-3260    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1979.tb00006.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn Taiwan, large acreages of suitable freshwater ponds, streams and dams, as well as irrigation canals used for culturing various freshwater fishes, are available to shift to freshwater prawn farming because of its proven good flavor, higher price and the established propagation and cultivation techniques. Since 1974, the number of stockable juveniles supplied by Tungkang Marine Laboratory (TML) and some private hatcheries has increased year by year from 110,580 to over 5,000,000 in 1978. Therefore, several culture patterns have been set up as demonstrations in TML and in the private farms consulted by TML. Extensive and intensive culture, polyculture with fishes, as well as river ranching, are discussed. The bottom choice of mud pond, sand pond, cement pond, and polyethylene sheet pond, and the food choice, mainly of egg custard, steamed rice, fish paste in early culture stage, with trash fish, cereals and prepared feed in late culture stage are summarized. The marketing system is discussed and an estimation of total production is made on updated investigation. A speedy solving of the listed local problems would lead to steady progress in freshwater prawn farming.

ISSN:0748-3260    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1979.tb00007.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe International Center for Aquaculture at Auburn University has been involved in international aquaculture development in a formal way for approximately 12 years. It has been or is participating in aquaculture development programs in Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, Nigeria, Brazil, El Salvador, Panama, Colombia, Honduras and Jamaica by providing the services of 18 professional staff who have contributed a total of 56 years of long‐term advisory services. In addition, the Center has provided advisory services on a short‐term basis; 50 individual staff members have made 240 country visits, representing 57 different countries in which the staff contributed 4,504 days of overseas work.Auburn' philosophy in aquaculture development, frequently referred to as the “oil spot phenomenon,” is to create a center of excellence in aquaculture in which established fish cultural techniques are tested under local conditions, modified as needed, retested to prove the methodology and subsequently extended to production areas adjacent to the aquaculture center. As extension capabilities are developed and production methodology improved, the aquaculture technology gradually spreads to areas more distant from the center, much like a drop of oil spreads after falling upon a water surface. Auburn' strategy to achieve an aquaculture “oil spot” of sufficient magnitude that will permit its diffusion i

ISSN:0748-3260    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1979.tb00008.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTCostly and extensive early post‐larval mortality ofHaliotisspecies in cultivation results, in part, from a delay in normal development. This suggests that naturally required morphogenetic inducing substances may be lacking from certain intensive cultivation systems currently in use in the emerging mariculture industry.We have found recently that chemical substances in certain crustose red algae (including species ofLithothamnium, LithophyllumandHildenbrandia) provide exogenous physiological triggers which induce normal substrate‐specific “recruitment,” settling and the onset of metamorphosis of planktonic abalone veliger larvae. Of these, γ‐aminobutyric acid (“GABA”), a simple amino acid readily and inexpensively available in pure form, conveniently can be used to induce rapid and synchronous settling and metamorphosis of competent abalone veligers, on virtually any substrate or food source, with 100% efficiency under physiological conditions.Simple procedures for the use of GABA‐induced settling are described for the economically efficient cultivation of abalone, the production of abalone seed, and for use in genetic breeding and engineering with these species. Procedures for use in a rapid, reliable, and highly sensitive GABA‐dependent bioassay also are described, for further analysis of physiological and water‐quality requirements of, and effects of various pollutants upon, the natural and artificial propagation of these species. Results obtained with this bioassay in quantitating the sensitivity of larval settling (and hence, reproductive success) to bacterial contamination and to trace levels of the common agricultural and industrial pollutants DDT and copper are reported. Significant predation on newly settled abalone by annelids cryptically associated with the natural red algal (recruiting) substrat

ISSN:0748-3260    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1979.tb00009.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn Hawaii, applied feeds account for a high percentage of a prawn farmer' production costs. These applied feeds may be important not only because of direct consumption by prawns, but also because of entrance into the natural food chains, which appear to contribute significantly to prawn nutrition. This paper presents information evaluating the direct and indirect roles of an applied feed in a simulated pond environment as well as the relative contributions of the autotrophic and heterotrophic food chains to prawn growth.Postlarval prawns were placed in large outdoor pools having various combinations of 3 potential food sources—organic detritus, phytoplankton, and applied feed. Results of two 50‐day unreplicated studies, with 3 treatments each, determined that natural foods alone, consisting primarily of a mixture of organic detritus and soil produced growth rates equal to or better than commercial production ponds. The applied feed alone (26% protein), with minimal natural foods and no organic detritus or soil, was unable to support growth rates comparable to the other treatments. The earthen substrate appears to supply a major growth factor lacking in applied feeds.An applied feed to supplement the natural foods produced significantly better growth than that obtained by natural foods alone, although this increase was not dramatic. Growth rates in this system averaged 1.5 cm/mo. Water column phosphate levels as well as carbon and nitrogen levels in the sediment increased in the systems supplemented with feed.Future pond management may require more attention to promoting natural productivity, particularly in the detrital layer. Complementary interaction is desirable between naturally available foods and applied fe

ISSN:0748-3260    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1979.tb00010.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY