摘要:

AbstractErséus, C. (Department of Zoology, University of Göteborg, S‐400 33 Göteborg, Sweden).Littoral Oligochaeta (Annelida) from Eyjafjörôur, north coast of Iceland. Zool. Scr. 5 (1):5–11, 1976.—A total of 15 species of marine, littoral, oligochaetes are reported from northern Iceland, two of which are new to science (Tubifex litoralissp.n. (Tubificidae), andLumbricillus macrothecatussp.n. (Enchytraeidae)), whileParanais litoralis(Naididae),T. costatus, Peloscolex benedeni(both Tubificidae), andL. pumillio(Enchytraeidae) are new to the Icelandic fauna. Taxo‐nomic and biological notes are given for some of

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1976.tb00677.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractKullenberg, B. (Department of Entomology, University of Uppsala, S‐751 22 Uppsala, Sweden) and Bergström, G.Hymenoptera Aculeata males as pollinators ofOphrysorchids. Zool. Scr. 5 (1): 13–23. 1976.— The description of the assortative pollination ofOphrysspecies (Orchida‐ceae) by sexually excited aculeate Hymenoptera males is based on field observations and experimentations. Males of the following genera of Hymenoptera Aculeata are involved as far as known hitherto:Camp‐soscolia, Argogorytes, Colletes, Andrenas. lato,Eucera, Tetralonia, Anthophora, andMelecta. The volatile compounds of the flowers responsible for the specific behaviour release are probably mainly cyclic sesquiterpene alcohols and hydrocarbons. Processes of co‐evolution may be assumed to have been functioning in the creation of theOphryspollination groups.ResumenPolinización de las orquideas del género OphrysEl Fenómeno biológico. Las orquidas del género Ophrysson polinizadas exclusivaments, o casi exclusivamente, por los machos de ciertos tipos de Hymenóptera Aculeata. Las flores no secretan néctar. Cuando los machos Hymenóptera Aculeate. Las flores no secretan néctar. Cuando los machos Hymenóptera son atraido a colocarse sobre las flores deOphrys, el labelo ocasiona un comportamiento equivalente a la introducción en la cópula; de esta forma el polen se libera y la polinización se efectúa.Hasta ahora se ha constatado que los géneros de Hymenóptera Aculeata involucrados en este proseso son;Campsocolia, Argogorytes, Colletes, Andrenas. lato,Eucera, Tetralonia, Anthophora y Melecta.En lo que se refiere al estudio de los estimulos que funcionan en el proceso de polinization de las flores deOphrysa través de la excitación sexual de los machos de Hymenóptera Aculeate, pueden extraerse las siguientes conclusiones.La estimulación olfaticaes sin luger a dudas un — asi llamado — estimulo clave.La estimulación táctiles tamibién de gran importancia como estimulo clave. La estructura caracteristica de la epidermins en la parte superior del labelo deOphrysasi como la sólida construcción del mismo, son necesarias para los movimientos dirigidos tactilmente y los giros sobre el mismo.Quimica de los productos volátiles de las floresOphrys. Hemos determinado que las flores despiden pequeǹas cantidades de compuestos alifáticos simples, asi como compuestos isoprénicos, especialmente alcoholes e hidrocarburos sesquiterpénicos ciclicos. Tambjén se ba constatado la presencia de algunos monoterpenos. Hasta ahora hemos investigado 28 especies y subspecies. Los productos volaatiles de las floresOphryshan sido investigados por medio de cromatografia gaseosa y espectrometria de masas. Comparando estos datos con datos de compuestos de referencia, hemos podido identificar algunos tipos de sesquiterpenos.Conclusiones.Las caracteristicas quimicas y morfológicas de las flores deOphrys, que las distinguen de otras especies de orquideas de parentesco cercano, puede con buena razón, suponerse que sean adaptadas, si se considera la regularidad en la ocurrencia de sus propiedades dentro del gran grupo de las orquideas Ophrydoideae en cuestión, claramente correlacionada con la entomogamia especializada. La florOphrysdeberia considerarse como una flor adaptable. Las especiesOphrysestán — por su polinización — adaptadas al instinto de copulación de los machos de ciertos tipos de hymenóptera Aculeata.La biologia de polinización caracteristica del géneroOphrysofrece un espectro de ligaduras de distinta fuerza, en un extremo con la especie más estrictamente especializadaO. speculumy en el otro, la especie menos estrictamente especializadaO. apiferaparcialmente polinizada porEuceray, parcialmente autopolinizadsa. Las especies restantes se ubican en el medio. Uno podria decir que la especieO. speculumtiene un único seguro de vida estrictamente reglamentado,O. apiferaun seguro doble, y las especies restante

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1976.tb00678.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMarcus, Eveline du Bois‐Reymond (Caixa Postal 6994, 01000 Sao Paulo, Brazil).A toxonomic survey of the genusToledonia (Opisthobranchia, Diaphanidae). Zool. Scr. 5 (1): 25–33, 1976.—Nineteen species certainly or probably belonging to the genusToledoniaDall have been listed and discussed with regard to their anatomy, taxonomy and zoogeography. A complete specimen ofAceton bullatus(Gould, 1847) was studied. On the basis of the radula and the retractile penis the species was transferred to the diaphanid genusToledoniaDall. Own studies were also carried out on material ofT. limnaeoides(Odhner,

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1976.tb00679.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractØrvig, T. (Section of Palaeozoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, S‐104 05 Stockholm, Sweden).Palaeohistological notes. 3. The interpretation of pleromin (pleromic hard tissue) in the dermal skeleton of psammosteid heterostracans.Zool. Scr. 5 (1): 35—47, 1976.—The formation and histological nature of ingrowing pleromin in the dermal skeleton of Devonian psammosteids are discussed. It is found that this pleromin is not a “secondary dentine” as previously maintained. Its initial formation took place before, and was therefore not dependent on, beginning abrasion on the external surface of the dermal plates. By properties such as hypermineralization and continuous growth it is distinguishable from dentine as normally developed in teeth and odontodes. In its development and structure the hard tissue in question shows marked resemblances to the pleromin in the tooth plates of the ptyctodontidCtenurella.Phyletically, the formation of ingrowing pleromin in the psammosteids is here interpreted as the product of fusion of successive odontode generations which came to form underneath each other instead of in the opposite direction. From this point of view, the development of compact pleromo‐aspidin in the psammosteids may parallel the emergence of complex tooth plates, arising by the fusion of teeth of consecutive generations, in fishes like ptyctodontids, holocephalans and dipnoans.— Remarks are also made here on a structural peculiarity in the aspidin

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1976.tb00680.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractYoung, J. O. (Department of Zoology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K.).Systematic studies on limnic Macrostomum species (Turbellaria, Macrostomida) from East Africa. Zool. Scr. 5 (2): 49–60, 1976. — Descriptions of nine new species ofMacrostomumfrom Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda are given:M. coxisp.n. from Lake Naivasha, two dams and one pond in Kenya;M. baringoensesp.n. from Lake Baringo;M. reynoldsonisp.n. from the River Mwena and a canal near Mombasa;M. nairobiensesp.n. from a dam at Nairobi;M. christi‐naesp.n. from the River Kitenkela/Athi, Kenya and Lake Amani, Tanzania;M. thingithuensesp.n. from the River Thingithu, Mt. Kenya;M. amaniensesp.n. from Lake Amani, Tanzania;M, georgeensesp.n. from Lake George, Uganda; andM. sinyaensesp.n. from six streams/ rivers, two dams and five pools in Kenya. Their similarities to known species are discussed.Recorded for the first time from E. Africa areM. orthostylum(M. Braun, 1885) from two rivers near Mombasa,M. rosiratum(Papi, 1951) from a dam near Nairobi, andM. tuba(Graff, 1882) from four rivers, four dams and two ponds in Kenya and, tentatively, Lake E

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1976.tb00681.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSilén, L. (Department of Zoology, University of Stockholm, S‐113 86 Stockholm, Sweden) and Harmelin, J.‐G. Haplopoma sciaphilumsp.n., a cave‐lining bryozoan from the Skagerrak and the Mediterranean. Zool. Scr. 5 (2): 61–66, 1976.—Haplopoma sciaphilumsp.n. is described from submarine caves or cave‐like habitats at the west coast of Sweden and in the Marseille and Adriatic regions. Its morphological characters are very stable and identical within the wide area of distribution. Only the zooid size varies considerably, a variation apparently connected with temperature: the size decreases distinctly from the cold waters of the Skagerrak to the less cold Adriatic locality and even more to the warm localities of Provence. It is the only member of the genus known to be sexually dimorph, a phenomenon found as well in the genusCelle‐porellabelonging to the same family

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1976.tb00682.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractKormilev, N. A. (84–05 89th Street, Woodhaven, N.Y. 11421, USA).On some Aradidae from the Old and New World (Hemiptera‐Heteroptera). Zool. Scr. 5 (2): 67–78, 1976. — The author proposes and describes the following new taxa:Aradus malaiseisp.n. andA. burmensissp.n. (both from Burma);Calisiopsis planicepssp.n. (Brasil, S. Catarina);Aneurus burmensissp.n. (Burma);A. brevirostrissp.n. (Malaya, Perak);A. ampliatussp.n. (East Africa);Kiritshenkiana furconotatagen.n., sp.n. (Malaya, Perak)Apteraradus similissp.n. (Malaya, Perak);Camerarius armigerussp.n. (Malaya, Perak);Artabanus bellicosussp.n. (Malaya, Perak);Arictus grandissp.n. (Malaya, Perak);Neuroctenus burmensissp.n. (Burma);N. perssonisp.n. (Burma);Notapictinus plaumannisp.n. (Brasil, S. Catarina);Mezira brasiliensissp.n. (Brasil, S. Catarina);Mezira (Zemira) incognitasp.n. (Patria ignota);Chrysodaspis armatussp.n. (Malaya, Perak);C. aurivilliisp.n. (Patria ignota). For two of the species the locality is unknown (patria ignota) but they were collected during a journey to Java and adjacent islands. Key to the species ofCalisiopsisChampion, 1898, i

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1976.tb00683.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractØrvig, T. (Section of Palaeozoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, S‐104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.)Palaeohistological notes. 4. The interpretation of osteodentine, with remarks on the dentition in the Devonian dipnoanGriphognathus. Zool. Scr. 5 (2): 79–96, 1976.—A renewed discussion of the ontogeny and structure of osteodentine (“trabecular dentine”) reaffirms the writer's earlier conclusions that this hard tissue forms initially as a system of bony trabeculae and achieves its final character of dentine by the development of denteons (instead of, as in bone tissue, osteons) on the margins of these trabeculae. In this connection remarks are given on the hard tissue surrounding the tritural columns of the tooth plates in various fossil and recent holocephalans. Osteodentine differs in conditions of mineralization, fibrous texture and growth from the vascular pleromin (pleromic hard tissue) of many dipnoan tooth plates with which it has on occasion been confused. In the Devonian dipnoanGriphognathus, the dentition is in certain respects suggestive of that in some elasmobranchs. — In connection with this paper, methods of investigating fossil hard tissue by the SEM a

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1976.tb00684.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractElofsson, R. (Zoological Institute, University of Lund, S‐223 62 Lund, Sweden.)Rhabdom adaptation and its phylogenetic significance. Zool. Scr. 5 (3–4): 97–101, 1976. — The rhabdoms of arthropod compound eyes are structurally differentiated into open, fused layered, and fused continuous. All are capable of perceiving polarized light. The fused layered, and under certain conditions the fused continuous, perform particularly well. — The fused layered rhabdoms occur in malacostracan crustaceans and in various insect groups. This, together with, among other things, the presence of open rhabdoms in insects and crustaceans, indicates convergent development of organs and parts of organs. — Elaborate visual organs of more than one kind occur in crustaceans, as is exemplified by the compound and nauplius eyes. This shows that more than one construction on the organ level is possible in a restricted taxo‐nomical unit for the. perception of light. The different rhabdom types performing well in receiving polarized light also show parallel evolution on a level below the organ. — The result of adaptation analyses indicates the need for a restricted use of the concept of homology basic to morphological investigations and a base for phylogenetic speculations. It also envisages a fruitful approach to a peep into the workshop of evolution. — It is concluded that a fully formed compound eye in arthropod ancestors is hardly conceivable. A realistic alternative is an inherent capacity of forming a compound eye. Thus the ancestral compound eye could have ranged from nothing to a partly‐developed stage. The recent eyes need not origin

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1976.tb00685.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEnghoff, H. (Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, DK‐2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.)Taxonomic problems in parthenogenetic animals. Zool. Scr. 5 (3–4): 103–104, 1976.—The species concept in parthenogenetic animals is discussed. In addition to the absence of interbreeding inthelytoky(constant obligatory parthenogenesis), polyphyly of thelytokous forms is emphasized as a complicating factor. It is concluded that a holomorphological but not a biological species concept may be applied to certain thelytokous forms. Practical consequences of the absence of males in thelytokous forms are also touched on, as is degenerative variability of atavistic males and female copulatory organs. Finally, it is recommended that the subspecies category should never be applied to thelytok

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1976.tb00686.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY