ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1994.tb00367.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The role of enzyme electrophoresis is discussed as it applies to taxonomy and systematics. particularly of invertebrates. Details are given of methods for distinguishing and identifying cryptic or sibling species and the different approaches to sympatric and allopatric populations are reviewed. The calculation and uses of genetic distance measures are outlined. as are the empirical relationship of such measures to different levels of taxonomic separation. Defficulties. drawbacks and limitations of the technique are explained together with the advantages. Evidence for molecular clocks is outlined briefly and their role in systematic studies is discussed, as are methods of analysing genetic divergence data for systematic purposes. References to studies covering a wide range of invertebrate taxa are tabulated.

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1994.tb00368.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Taxon names should be founded on phylogenetic relationships. and the names defined on the basis of common ancestry. Definitions based on evolutionary relationships relate the names to a phylogeny, and while the inclusiveness of the name may change with changing hypotheses of monophyly, the actual name remains unaltered. The limits of the name arc fixed by pointing to a monophyletic clade, where group membership is determined by the relationship to this clade. and not to subjective decisions of taxon delineations. Since phylogenetic definitions unambiguously connect the name to a specified clade, and not to a type, the conventional type concept becomes superfluous. We furthermore consider the Linnean categories poorly suited to convey the information in evolutionary trees, and suggest that these categories are abandoned.

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1994.tb00369.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A fossil worm‐like organism,ca.0.5 mm long, showing cuticle, gut and setae. is contained in the solid part of the wall of a clitellate cocoon from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian). It is interpreted as having been entrapped and embedded in the intitially viscous cocoon secretion which solidified and thus prevented decay. Size, shape, posture, and an unsegmented but annulated cuticle with irregularly distributed setae have led to the identification of the fossil as a nematode. described asCaptivonema cretaceagen. et sp. n., of uncertain family and order affinity. Fossil association end mode of preservation indicate a free‐living life habit in damp plant lit

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1994.tb00370.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Five new species of the genusTrichodrilusare described:Trichodrilus longipenis. sp. n. T: rouchisp. n.T. capilliformissp. n. andT. angelierisp. n. from hyporhcic waters of the Iberian Peninsula and France. andT. bonheurensissp. n. from superticial waters of France. The new taxa contribute with some new features to an amended diagnosis of the genus: presence of modified penial setae, four pairs of spermathecae, hair‐like dorsal setae and glandular pads in the epidermi

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1994.tb00371.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The characteristics of the genusCranosinaare discussed and a new species.C. spiralis, which apparently has free‐living, lunulitiform colonies with a spiral budding pattern, is introduced. The role of the basal coclom in some free‐living species is briefly discussed. The nameCopidozoum declinatumnom. n. is introduced forC. transversum.Hayward&Cook, not Si

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1994.tb00372.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Four species of the ascophoran 'sand‐fauna’bryozoan genusAnoteroporaarc now known from the Indian Ocean, and includeA. magnicapitata, A. latirostris, A. inarmatuandA. otophorasp. n. Colonies are lunulitiform and anchored by basal rhizoids. The characters and distribution of all species, including fossil specimens, are described. Those of some related genera, including the Recent, east AtlanticAscosia, and the Tertiary, EuropeanKionidellaandStenosipora, are briefly discussed. A key to the species ofAnoteroporais gi

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1994.tb00373.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Frontal shields have been examined in the type species of several genera of ascophorine cheilostomates.Desmacystis(Desmacystidae) is not an‘anascan’as previously thought, but has a cryptocystal shield which is here interpreted to be derived from an umbonuloid shield by foreshortening, possibly from a rhamphostomellan ancestor.Rhamphostomella(type speciesRscabra) andRhamphosmittina(type speciesR. bassleero) (both in the family Porellidae Vigneaux, here raised from subfamily rank) also have umbonuloid shields.Arctomula, new genus, is established forLepralia arcticaM. Sars and transferred from the Umbonulidae to the Exochellidac.Rhamphostomellina(type speciesR. posidoniue) has a lepralioid shield. It is here included in the family Cellepori

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1994.tb00374.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1994.tb00375.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY