摘要:

Using three samples of applicant data, encompassing over 2300 participants, the Concept Model 5.2 Occupational Personality Questionnaire (OPQ) was examined for scale discriminability at the item, scale and factorial level. Item analysis and maximum likelihood factor analysis indicated that the OPQ questionnaire provided good, low complexity measurement on 22 out of the 31 scales. Nine exhibited poor signal‐to‐noise ratios, high item complexity indices, and insufficient number of keyed loadings on the appropriate factor. On the basis of the results below and from those reported by Matthews&Stanton (1994), it was argued that the test requires further development in conjunction with the revision of the psychological and measurement models specified as underlying its construct

ISSN:0963-1798    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1996.tb00595.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0963-1798    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1996.tb00596.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent interest in the use of ipsative personality instruments has focused on the questions of their reliability and their equivalence to normative measures (e.g. see Saville&Willson, 1991). A general expression is presented for computing the relationships between normative scales and ipsative ones derived from them, based on the number of scales and the intercorrelations between the normative scales. The results obtained from various empirical and computer generated data sets were compared with those expected on the basis of the equations and a close correspondence found.Expressions for computing the reliability of ipsatized scales and the reliability of ipsatized scale differences were also produced and the implications of these for profile analysis are discussed. It is noted that ipsatized measures are unreliable when the number of scales is less than about 10 or when the correlations between normative scales are greater than about .30. This unreliability is increased by full ipsatization (i.e. the equating of within‐subject scale score variances) and by inequality of the variances of the normative scales from which the ipsatized scales are derive

ISSN:0963-1798    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1996.tb00597.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The debate in this journal on the validity of factoring ipsative data has involved the use of synthetic data and artificial ipsatization of scores, processes which can often obscure rather than clarify the issues in dispute. This paper presents a more direct illustration of these issues by having subjects make both ipsative and non‐ipsative responses to the same test items. The results show clearly the dangers of factoring correlation matrices derived from ipsative data. It is also argued that conventional norms should not be used for the interpretation of scores from ipsative test

ISSN:0963-1798    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1996.tb00598.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relative merits of ipsative measurement for multi‐scale psychometric instruments are discussed. Standard psychometric analyses are found to be inappropriate with small numbers of scales, or sets of scales with strong positive intercorrelations. However, for larger sets of scales (N∼ 30) with low average intercorrelations, ipsative data seems to provide robust statistical results in reliability analyses but not under factor analysis. It is argued that the potential of forced‐choice formats to control for some of the response biases typical of normative scales means that they could have substantial advantages while data from score distributions are used to show that for higher numbers of scales, the vast majority of profiles are not so skewed that they would be likely to be distorted by a forced‐choice response format. The implications for score interpretation are di

ISSN:0963-1798    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1996.tb00599.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It is generally believed that job satisfaction increases linearly with age. However, there are persuasive arguments, and some empirical evidence, that the relationship is U‐shaped, declining from a moderate level in the early years of employment and then increasing steadily up to retirement. This paper investigates that relationship, using survey responses from a large sample of British employees. For overall job satisfaction, satisfaction with pay, and satisfaction with the work itself, a strongly significant U‐shape is observed. Ordered probit techniques, which take account of the ordinality of satisfaction data, are used to analyse the relationship between these forms of satisfaction and a large set of individual and job characteristics. Despite the inclusion of 80 control variables, significant coefficients persist for the age and age‐squared variables (the latter representing the non‐linear component). The paper thus provides strong evidence for a U‐shaped relationship between age and job satisfaction. Furthermore, it is shown that a similar age pattern occurs for employees' context‐free mental health, suggesting that both job satisfaction and context‐free mental health are affected by non‐job factors of life‐stage and personal circumstances. The importance of changes in expectations with increasing

ISSN:0963-1798    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1996.tb00600.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The attribution of causation to favourable and unfavourable events has been implicated in both clinical disorders (e.g. depression) and achievement motivation (e.g. sports and commercial success). The aim of the present study was to examine the role of attributional style in a motivationally challenging occupation, namely financial services sales. The Seligman Attributional Style Questionnaire (SASQ) was administered to 130 experienced salespeople and found to correlate with: (a)sales(defined in monetary terms) and (b)performance ranking(within the sales force). In contrast to USA data, but confirming other results obtained in the UK, high positive attributional style (CoPos) was more important than low negative attributional style (CoNeg) in predicting successful sales performance.

ISSN:0963-1798    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1996.tb00601.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Occupational stress studies have been criticized for their excessive focus on a narrow range of stressors, and for over‐use of cross‐sectional survey designs. This study used daily questionnaires to investigate day‐to‐day influences of fluctuations in the individual's perceptions of work in a sample of full‐time working couples studied over a three‐week period. It focused on the effects of work stressors on the individual and the impact on their marital partner. Questionnaires measured daily mood, work and home stressors, and marital interactions. The study included both quantitative measures and qualitative accounts of stressful incidents during the day. This allowed a detailed investigation of the complex interrelationships between work stressors and psychological strains for both partners, taking into account home stressors and marital communication about work. Results confirmed some of the findings of previous diary studies and provide evidence of spillover effects from home to work. It failed to demonstrate unambiguous evidence of transmission of

ISSN:0963-1798    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1996.tb00602.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Numerous studies have demonstrated the validity of biographical data in psychological diagnosis, and several meta‐analyses have confirmed their effectiveness in specific applications. In contrast, the present meta‐analysis (based on 116 studies with 165 independent validities) addresses the recent discussion on methodological artifacts in the development and validation of biographical instruments. Threats to validity are identified in (a) general issues of research design and (b) specific techniques used to construct and validate biographical data. The effects on estimated mean validity of both methodological artifacts and situational moderator variables were compared, and it was demonstrated that they cannot be treated independently. The meta‐analysis also showed that a validity of .220 still remained after making corrections for all analysed artifacts, and that not all methodological criticisms were just

ISSN:0963-1798    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1996.tb00603.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY