ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1985.25185116490.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We studied whether volunteers giving blood to the Greater New York Blood Program (GNYBP) cooperated with procedures implementing public health recommendations intended to decrease the risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) transmission by blood transfusion. Predonation medical screening was expanded to exclude donors who might be ill with AIDS. To exclude possible asymptomatic carriers of the disease, members of groups at increased risk of AIDS were asked either not to give blood or to give it for laboratory studies. A confidential questionnaire, administered to all donors after medical screening, provided the vehicle for donors to advise the GNYBP whether their donation was for laboratory studies or for patient transfusion. We found that the number of male donors decreased; AIDS‐related questions in medical history led to a 2 percent increase in donor rejections; 97 percent of donors said their blood could be used for transfusions; 1.4 percent said their blood could be used for laboratory studies only; and 1.6 percent did not respond. Only units designated for transfusion were released to hospitals.People who indicated that their donation was for laboratory studies had a higher prevalence of markers for hepatitis B virus and of antibodies to cytomegalovirus. White cell counts and helper/suppressor T lymphocyte ratios were not significantly different in the two groups.We conclude that volunteer donors have cooperated with the established procedures. None of the laboratory assays identified blood units donated by individuals who, based on information about AIDS high‐risk groups, designated their donation for laboratory stud

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1985.25185116497.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We evaluated the performance of a monoclonal radioimmunoassay (M‐RIA) with enhanced sensitivity and high specificity for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in blood donors. The results were compared to a conventional RIA that used polyvalent antibodies (P‐RIA). Analysis of 6409 American blood donors not reactive by P‐RIA revealed an additional 1.4 HBsAg‐positive donors per 1000 by M‐RIA, or an approximate 60 percent, improvement in HBsAg detection rate. Furthermore, in 995 Israeli blood donors negative by P‐RIA, 11 additional HbsAg‐positive donors were identified. The 55 percent improvement in detection rate was similar to that observed with American blood donors. Since several of the newly identified HBsAg‐positive blood donors had antibodies to the core antigen (anti‐HBc) as the only serologic evidence of recent or past hepatitis B exposure, we studied an additional 68 anti‐HBc‐ positive individuals with the M‐RIA. It was found that 26 percent (18/68) reacted only by M‐RIA and not by P‐RIA. These findings suggest that there are blood donors with

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1985.25185116491.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In light of recently raised doubts about the safety of Cohn fraction II globulins, a prospective study on the risk of transmission of viral hepatitis with a Cohn‐fractionated Rh immune globulin (Rhesonativ, KabiVitrum AB, Stockholm, Sweden) was performed in 47 newly delivered mothers. The women were followed regularly for 6 months after the injection of the Rh immune globulin for biochemical, serological, and clinical signs of viral hepatitis.No clinical signs of acute hepatitis were noted during the study, nor were HBsAg or anti‐HBc found in any patient. A slight and transient rise in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels was seen in three women, but these never reached 2.5 times the upper normal limit as is the currently used lower limit for a diagnosis of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis. One woman had positive tests for anti‐HBs at 5 and 5.5 months, respectively, after the injection, but serum samples taken before and after this period were all anti‐HBs negative. Nonspecific reactions in the method used probably explained this finding.This prospective study supports the contention that Rhesonativ, a Cohn‐fractionated Rh immune globulin, does not transmit vi

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1985.25185116492.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Over a period of 10 years, 185 employees of a community blood center were screened for evidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Included were laboratory personnel (64%), phlebotomists (27%), and administrative employees (9%). HBV markers were detected in 5.8 percent of the individuals at the time of enrollment in the study. During the study period, seven clinical cases of HBV occurred, all in laboratory personnel. Four of the infections were in personnel involved primarily in donor processing. The other three were in individuals working in research areas. In addition, four asymptomatic HBV infections were identified on the basis of seroconversion from anti‐HBs negative to positive. The annual incidence of HBV infection per 100 tested employees at risk (1.6%) indicates that blood bank personnel, despite their frequent exposure to blood, are not at high risk of developing HBV infectio

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1985.25185116493.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A solid‐phase adherence method (SPAM) for ABO grouping and Rh typing of red cells (RBCs) has been developed. Adherence reactions were read spectrophotometrically and interpreted by a computer. The SPAM had a 99.6 percent correlation with conventional microplate agglutination methods for ABO grouping and Rh typing. The increased sensitivity of the SPAM was demonstrated because it directly detected Du‐positive RBCs and weak subgroups of A an

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1985.25185116494.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A solid‐phase antiglobulin test was developed as an alternative to hemagglutination for compatibility testing. The solid‐phase endpoint of red cell adherence allowed results to be read visually or spectrophotometrically. This method was easier to perform than a hemagglutination antiglobulin test and had increased sensitivity without loss of specific

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1985.25185116495.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1985.tb03103.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The preparation of test cells coated with specific IgG of known subclass is described. Such cells are required in the standardization of IgG subtyping reagents. At present, these test cells usually are prepared by coating cells with IgG myeloma paraproteins. However, these paraproteins may not be generally available and an alternative method is presented using more readily obtainable materials. Quantification of cell‐bound IgG showed that the subclass did not affect the sensitivity of the antiglobulin test when using broad‐spectrum anti‐IgG and that the test cells produced had an optimal IgG coating. Reactions with subclass‐specific antisera were however, considerably weaker that those obtained with broad‐spectrum anti‐IgG. A modified spin‐layering technique for use with subclass‐specific antise

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1985.25185116496.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two paternity cases involving black persons are reported in which possible paternal exclusions existed if the A2B red cell phenotype represented the genotype A2B. ABH transferase assays were performed to determine if the A2B phenotypes arose from the genotype A1B or A2B. These assays confirmed that all group A members carried the A1gene and not the A2gene. Therefore, the alleged father was not excluded in either case. The B transferase showed increased activity in both AB individuals, possibly accounting for the observed A2B red cell phenotypes. Therefore, in the presence of aBgene, accurate assignment of A subtypes using standard serological methods may not be possible.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1985.25185116498.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY