摘要:

Two examples of a “new” IgM saline‐agglutinating auto‐antibody are described. The antibodies bind complement, have the ability to cause in vivo hemolysis, and are most active at room temperature at a pH of about 6.5. Despite tests on more than 5,000 people, no nonreactive cell sample has been found. The reactive antigen is not denatured by neuraminidase, papain, or ficin, and is present on i adult red blood cells. The antibodies appear to be slightly inhibited by human saliva and milk, and more convincingly inhibited by urine from Sd(a+) persons. They are not inhibited by urine from Sd(a‐) persons, but are strongly inhibited by guinea pig urine. The serologic characteristics indicate a relationship to the Sdablood group and the autoantibody has been named anti‐Sdx. Sdxantigen is present on red blood cells from some higher primates and is absent from rabbit, rhesus monkey, dog and

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20180125021.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Mononuclear cell fractions of human blood and plateletpheresis residues were compared for their content of hemopoietic precursor cells. Erythroid burst‐forming units (BFU‐E) averaged 560 ± 130 per ml of blood and granulocyte‐monocyte colony forming units (CFU‐C) averaged 240 ± 90 per ml blood. Estimates based on a blood volume of 7 per cent of body weight indicate that the total blood pools of BFU‐E and CFU‐C are about 3.5 × 106and 1.5 × 106cells respectively. Plateletpheresis residues prepared after a mean of 3.4 liters of blood had been processed contained 1.3±0.22× 106BFU‐E and 0.50 ± 0.13 × 106CFU‐C. These values represent a 68 and 63 per cent recovery respectively of BFU‐E and CFU‐C from the processed 3.4 liters of blood. Sequential studies were performed over three days following one plateletpheresis in four donors. CFU‐C and BFU‐E approximately doubled between 48 and 72 hours after a plateletpheresis. During this time there was no significant alteration in the per cent of null, T‐ or B‐lymphocytes in blood. Thus, plateletpheresis appears to lead to a mobilization of precursor cells, which results in a transient increase in their concentration in blood. Therefore, cytapheresis 48 to 72 hours after an initial short‐term procedure could harvest much larger numbers of precursor cells. Moreover, such techniques would put blood precursor cell content of plateletpheresis residues within reach of the precursor cell content in the volume of

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20180125048.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The results of serologic studies on 879 blood samples with a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) are presented. All blood samples were from patients who were either anemic, for reasons other than blood loss, recently transfused, or had serum antibodies detected during routine pretransfusion tests. Blood samples from only 81 of the patients included in this study had serologically reactive eluates (64 autoantibodies, three antibodies to penicillin and cephalothin treated red blood cells, three passively acquired anti‐A antibodies, and 11 transfusion‐induced alloantibodies). The eluted antibodies were also detected in the serum by routine pretransfusion tests in 13 of the patients whose red blood cells eluted autoantibodies, and in five of the patients whose red blood cells eluted transfusion‐induced alloantibodies. All but one of the 11 transfusion‐induced alloantibodies were detected within 14 days posttransfusion. Based on these findings, a cost‐effective and safe approach to the management of blood samples with a positive DAT would be to restrict the preparation and testing of eluates to those samples from recently transfused patients. It is the contention of the authors that the incorporation of the DAT in pretransfusion testing should primarily serve to detect alloantibody formation before such antibodies are evident in the serum, and should not be used to screen patients for unsuspected autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Furthermore, the authors question the necessity for blood banks to routinely perform an autocontrol on all blood samples from prospective transfusion r

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20180125036.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is effective in maintaining 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG) concentrations in stored red blood cells. One limitation to the use of DHA is its instability when added to anticoagulant solutions during blood bag manufacture. The stability of DHA solutions have been evaluated. Solutions of DHA are stable at 25 C in water or isotonic saline, with or without the addition of glucose or adenine. DHA is stable to auto‐claving; 99 + per cent surviving at 150 mM, and 89 per cent surviving at 1.9 M concentrations. DHA can be incorporated into a satellite addition pouch attached to the main blood drawing bag, and be added to the blood‐anticoagulant mixture after phlebotomy or the preparation of red blood cells. Addition of the DHA solution, containing adenine and extra glucose, to packed cells causes significantly improved maintenance of 2,3‐DPG during 42 days of 4 C storage, while maintaining adequate concentrations of red blood cell ATP. The use of DHA, adenine, and glucose in extended storage of packed cells, using either zero or seven day addition of the nutrient solution, produces similar efficaciou

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20180125037.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Alterations of the complement system occurring during continuous‐flow filtration leukapheresis (CFFL) and intermittent‐flow centrifugation leukapheresis (IFCL) were assessed in 16 donors. Five blood samples were obtained at timed intervals during each cytaphere‐sis, three directly from each donor and two from the efferent lines returning blood from the leukapheresis machines to the donors. Components measured were C1, C2, C4, C3, C3‐C9 and CH50 of the classical, and factor B, properdin and properdin convertase of the alternative pathways. Changes in concentrations of components were compared to baseline values present in donor blood obtained prior to cytapheresis. During the first 10 minutes of CFFL, C2, C4, C3‐9 and CH50 were decreased (p<0.05) in machine efferent fluids, but returned towards normal as the procedure continued. Changes in donor venous blood, decreased factor B, properdin and C3‐C9, were demonstrated only at the end of cytapheresis. During IFCL, significant (p<0.05) decreases of C1, C2, C3‐C9 and factor B occurred in donor blood after 60 minutes of cytapheresis, however, all deficiencies except B corrected spontaneously as cytapheresis continued. In contrast, concentrations of C2, C4, C3‐C9, CH50 and factor B remained decreased in machine efferent fluids throughout the procedure. The data support those of previous studies that have demonstrated complement activation at the filter site during CFFL. Changes in donor venous blood are a new finding that may indicate in vivo activation of the alternative pathway. Profound changes of the complement system occur during IFCL also, but complement activation seems a less likely explanation. Instead, complement proteins may be lost by adsorption onto the surfaces of th

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20180125038.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The quality of transfused blood is especially important during cardiac surgery, and red blood cell viability and function may be adversely affected during perfusion through the artificial blood oxygenator used during extracorporeal bypass. In this study, we administered 10 ml aliquot autotransfusions of rejuvenated red blood cells to 13 healthy volunteers after perfusion through an infant bubble oxygenator for one to three hours. Twenty‐three other volunteers received rejuvenated red blood cells that had not been perfused. The red blood cells were biochemically modified after they had reached their outdating period, a process used to increase 2,3 DPG and ATP levels and improve oxygen transport function. The rejuvenated red blood cells were frozen with 40% W/V glycerol, stored frozen at ‐80 C for about 3 months, thawed, washed, and stored in a sodium chloride‐glucose‐phosphate solution at 4 C for as long as three days. Freeze‐thaw recovery was about 97 per cent, and freeze‐thaw‐wash recovery about 90 per cent. Twenty‐three units were transfused after 1 to 3 days of post‐wash storage, and 13 units were perfused through an infant bubble oxygenator for as long as three hours before transfusion. The 24‐hour posttransfusion survival values were about 80 per cent and oxygen transport function was either normal or improved whether or not the units were perfused

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20180125039.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although HLA‐matched platelet transfusions are of value in the support of some alloimmunized thrombocytopenic patients, poor posttransfusion increments can be observed following HLA‐matched platelet transfusions and conversely good posttransfusion increments may result after HLA‐mismatched platelet transfusions. We have explored the possibility that in vitro assays in addition to HLA typing might better select compatible donors for refractory recipients. Our studies suggested that a platelet migration inhibition assay is predictive of platelet transfusion responses in HLA‐compatible and incompatible donor‐recipient pairs, while lymphocyto‐toxicity is predictive of posttransfusion increments only in HLA‐incompatible donor‐recipient pairs. Granulocy‐totoxicity, microleukoagglutination, and capillary leu‐koagglutination showed no value in predicting platelet transfusion increments, either in HLA‐compatible or incompatible

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20180125040.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An on‐line, real‐time system for recording transfusion service activities was added to an existing LABCOM® general laboratory computing system. The new programs monitor the blood inventory, crossmatches performed, units issued and final disposition of all units of blood. The computer prints the final patient record of units crossmatched and transfused, generates the patient bill, and tallies the workload. The system has reduced the manual clerical operations from 12 to 14 man‐hours per day to eight or less. Acceptance by the medical technologists has been exc

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20180125041.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Through the aid of a questionnaire, a group of prospective donors, donors and ex‐donors was studied. The most important incentive to become a donor was the direct approach by another donor. The most important motives were altruistic in nature and the medical checkup which is a part of donation. The complaints and objections of donors related to the medical check‐up, the distance traveled to the site of the medical examination and blood collection and the rather impersonal way donors were treated. The most important reasons why ex‐donors had stopped giving blood referred to medical complaints, practical inconveniences, physical reactions to the giving of blood, the impersonal approach and the fear of detrimental side‐effects of the giving of blood. The Dutch system, whereby no financial remuneration is offered for the donation of blood, appears to function satisfactorily. The survey justifies future research aimed to a greater degree on the connection between the motives of the donor and the way the blood bank fu

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20180125042.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The method described requires no special equipment and permits the harvesting of granulocytes from collections of fresh concentrated erythrocytes with buffy coat. In contrast to the use of a cell separator, it requires little time of technologists and none of medical staff to recover an equivalent number of granulocytes. This method makes granulocyte transfusion practicable for the support of neutropenic patients even in centers with no leukapheresis program.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20180125043.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY