ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1962.tb00184.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1962.tb00185.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 1953, the Medical Staff adopted in its bylaws “Indications for Blood Transfusion,” which are in brief as follows: 1. To replace needed whole blood volume; 2. For oxygen transport, (A) Anemic patient, otherwise well, must have seven or less Gm. per cent of hemoglobin, (B) Anemic patient with complications affecting oxygenation or is to undergo anesthesia may be transfused if the hemoglobin is less than 10 Gm. per cent; 3. Exchange transfusion, and 4. Fresh whole blood is indicated only in rare instances of dyscrasias where a labile element is important. In the period from 1953 to 1960, the application of these indications has resulted in a decreasing “use factor” (units transfused annually divided by the number of patients) from 0.237 to 0.110. The benefits achieved are the following: Limits the transfusions to patients having valid medical indications, protects the patients from the hazards of unnecessary transfusions, and eases the burden of donor recruitment and blood col

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1962.tb00186.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In more than ten thousand transfusions given over a four‐year period to 1,649 patients, the incidence of urticarial reactions was 1.1 per cent. There were no hemolytic transfusion reactions and none due to bacterial contamination or to bacterial pyrogens. There were 276 “Febrile Nonhemolytic” reactions for an incidence of 2.5 per cent.The clinical picture described for reactions due to leukocyte incompatibility was extremely rare. Eighteen per cent of patients responding with fever to transfusion did so following their very first transfusion. Many patients had only one transfusion reaction despite many further transfusions and others had many successive reactions followed by numerous reaction‐free transfusions of blood from which leukocytes had not been removed.A prospective study was made to investigate the relationship between the presence of leukoagglutinins and incidence of “Febrile Nonhemolytic” transfusion reactions. In 185 individuals who were tested and then transfused without regard to leukocyte compatibility, we did not demonstrate any correlation between the presence of leukoagglutinins and the occurrence of transfusio

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1962.tb00187.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

DEAE cellulose chromatography and immuni‐electrophoresis demonstrated immunochemical and serological differences between gamma globulin molecules with anti‐D and Anti‐Fyaspecificity. Partial neutralization of anti‐gamma globulin sera with specific subtractions of human gamma globulin showed that anti‐Fyafrequently appears to occur exclusively in the fast migrating components of gamma globulins whereas anti‐D occurs in both the “fast” and “slow” components. Other blood group systems were also studied with the same antiglobulin reagents.The antigenic determinant groups of the fast migrating components of whole gamma globulin and papain split gamma2globulin appear to be identical.The standardization of anti‐gamma globulin (Coombs) reagents is discussed in the li

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1962.tb00188.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A description of a simple method for preservation of red cells modified by lactose‐dextrose solution in the frozen state at —93 C. The agglutinability as measured by a titration of anti‐seravs.fresh and frozen cells was maintained after periods of storage of up to three years for the blood factors A, B, C, D, E, c, e, K, k, M, N, and Fya. S and s were also still reactive after freezing and th

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1962.tb00189.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The micro HCT‐PCT method and the CuSO4—VDRL method were compared in the screening of 10,598 consecutive blood donors. The more accurate micro HCT at 40 to 60 per cent limits (13.5 Gm. per cent minimum Hgb.) rejected 4 per cent of the donors as compared to 2.9 per cent with CuSO4at the 12.5 Gm. per cent Hgb. level. Based on an earlier study comparing the CuSO4method at the 12.5 and 13.5 Gm. per cent levels in over 7,000 donors, the rate at 13.5 Gm. per cent would have been 3.2 per cent. The reasons for the difference between the two test methods are presented. The opportunity to inspect the plasma resulted in the advance rejection of 454 donors (4.3%) for excessive chyle, six for apparent icterus, and one for abnormal buffy coat. The rate of positive serology was 2.2 per cent with the PCT test, again permitting advance rejection, as compared to a rate of 1.7 per cent with the VDRL, which is done after donation. There were nine negative PCT tests which were positive with the VDRL during a period of technical difficulties with outside diameter variation in the special PCT capillaries, eight of which were confirmed as false positive VDRL results. There were no negative PCT tests with positive VDRL results after this problem was corrected. The HCT‐PCT method of donor screening should be substituted for the CuSO4—VDRL method because it provides a better quality of donor screening through a more accurate measure of red cell normalcy and advance rejection of donors with excessive chyle, icteric plasma, abnormal buffy coat or hematocrit, as well as those with a positive serology. This advantage is greatly enhanced, since use of the method results in a savings in operating costs of over 6 per cent, through the advance rejection of donors whose blood would have been u

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1962.tb00190.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Experiments were conducted to demonstrate that platelet stickiness can be induced by the cooling of a platelet suspension, and that when this system is agitated clumping occurs. The process is reversed by warming. This change is independent of metallic ions and is thus distinct from “viscous metamorphosis.” Platelet clumping in systems at 37 C. is dependent on the presence of divalent metallic ions. The clumping time is also strongly influenced by “contact activation” and by added “activation product.”Other observations throw doubt on the supposed relationship of “viscous (structural) metamorphosis” to thromboplastin formation. The significance of the various observations is discussed, and the phenomena associated with physical and structural changes in the blood platelet

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1962.tb00191.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A case is reported in which incompatible Lu(a+) red cells survived normally in the presence of anti‐Luaas indicated by hemoglobin‐hematocrit determinations and by differential agglutination. This fact was later confirmed by Cr51tagged cell studies. Sensitization apparently existed prior to transfusion although it was not detected by crossmatching at that time. The direct non‐gamma antiglobulin test became positive and a potent antibody was produced which reacted well at 37 C. and in albumin, enzyme, and antiglobulin tests. The findings in this patient are discussed in the light of previously reported

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1962.tb00192.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Naturally occurring anti‐M antibodies were found in the serum of a five‐month‐old Negro twin as revealed by a discrepancy between the cell blood group and the reverse blood group. The corresponding twin did not possess this antibody.There was no apparent cause for its presence, although it was of interest that the mother was type MN. The possibility is discussed that transfer of maternal red cells to the fetus occurred and that the M agglutinogen persisted in the infant following birth until the time that it was able to respond by forming anti‐M ant

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1962.tb00193.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY