ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440020202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe news that a company has been identified as a potentially responsible party (PRP) at a federal or state Superfund site usually sends a current of fear through the company's management. Even executives with experience in Superfund projects foresee a lengthy, complicated process that involves enormous expenditures and a possible public relations disaster. The author argues, however, that the Superfund process can be managed in a cost‐effective way, prevent reactive responses, inaction, and ineffective action, and applying the business acumen that enabled the company to prosper in the first place. This article explores a critical aspect of the remediation process—negotiation of settlements with regulatory agencies (EPA or a state department of environmental protection)—and details the practical steps needed to conduct those negotiations. It also describes common mistakes that can be avoided. For brevity and clarity, it is assumed that the company in question is the only PRP that has received a notice letter from the regulatory a

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440020203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency helped select in situ vitrification (ISV) as an interim response action for the National Priority List (NPL) site at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA) in Commerce City, Colorado. That decision is being reviewed, pending redesign of the technology by its vendor for what would be the largest ISV project in the United States, involving 220 tons of arsenic, twenty‐six tons of mercury, and low levels of organic compounds. That material was left in three arsenic precipitation basins that were used from 1942 to 1947 to manufacture chemical warfare agents and later backfilled. This article explores the eight principal environmental, technical, and financial factors that EPA's Region VII must address before committing $1,200 per cubic yard, or $14 million, to seal that material in glas

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440020204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough a soil vapor extraction system (SVES) had effectively remediated the vadose zone soils at a gasoline spill site in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, gasoline remained in the soils below the water table. The state Department of Environmental Management (DEM) closure criteria of 10,000 parts per billion (ppb) were still not met after five years. This article describes how an air sparging system was added to the effort for $57,000, and how after three weeks, closure criteria were achieved.

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440020205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExplosives‐contaminated groundwater percolating from storage ponds at the Milan Army Ammunition Plant (MAAP) in Milan, Tennessee, into the Claiborne aquifer threatens to contaminate more groundwater—and possibly surface water—in the area. The research described in this article sought to determine whether granular‐activated carbon (GAC) could help remove the explosives from the water and to identify which carbons can adsorb the most TNT, RDX, HMX, Tetryl, and others. Two carbons—Atochem, Inc. GAC 830 and Calgon Filtrasorb 300—were found to be promising candidates. As for what to do with the explosives that would be adsorbed, as well as the contaminated carbon,

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440020206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough many conventional physical remediation methods are viewed as proven, they often only relocate wastes to other sites or into the air. How do the emerging biological and chemical in situ methods perform in the same applications? This article reviews their results (much of it in the laboratory) as well as their promise of more complete neutralization of hazardous wastes, lower capital costs, and longer‐duration cleanup processes. The optimal method may be a combination of chemical and biological in situ techniques with physical pump‐and‐treat me

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440020207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund) did not ignore the fifty individual states when establishing responsibility, authority, and liability for cleaning up hazardous waste sites. Although CERCLA gives EPA the ultimate authority to select a remedy for a contaminated site, the law was drafted not only to allow for state activity without EPA, but also for significant state input when EPA is involved. The relationship between a state (and its environmental laws) and EPA can help decide the remedial and financial interests of any potentially responsible party (PRP). This article discusses the relevant CERCLA provisions, recent court decisions, and resolved and unresolved issues in federal‐state Superfund involvement, and recommends several common‐sense strategies for PRPs when working with a state in a Superfund clea

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440020208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExpert software‐based decision support is speeding the process of defining environmental hazards and identifying remedial responses for the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) hazardous waste cleanup projects throughout the United States. Pacific Northwest Laboratories' (PNL) Remedial Action Assessment System (RAAS), and associated Technology Information System (TIS), written for Macintosh computers (soon for PC‐compatible computers), sort through an encyclopedic data base to help environmental engineers prepare the most appropriate remedial strategy. The system has been available to DOE and other U.S. government engineers since last year and will soon be commercially availa

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440020209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBecause bioremediation must satisfy the fundamental biological tastes of specific organisms, environmental engineers must create a nutritious waste stew. Waste‐hungry organisms need a proper electron acceptor. Oxygen is preferred; if it is not available, nitrate, sulfate, or carbon dioxide may work. The waste itself is a source of carbon and energy. Macronutrients are next—including phosphorus, nitrogen, and certain metals, if they are not already present in the wastewater—as well as micronutrients. Other factors, including pH, temperature, aeration, and mixing must suit the organisms' natural temperaments. This article explores how bioengineers can combine these ingredients in precise quantities and proportions in both conventional and innovative aerobic and anaerobic bioprocesses, including in situ treatment and even composting, to make the organisms healthy, happy, and inexpe

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440020210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMost waste management techniques—including stabilization/solidification, soil washing, and precipitation/filter press—take more of a trial‐and‐error approach to environmental cleanups, failing to exploit the waste's fundamental chemical behavior. The result is scientifically inferior processes, wasted time and resources, and recurrence of the same old problems at treated sites. This column defines some of the principal problems of waste management technologies and recommends a prudent approach to their resolution. Several of the author's personal experiences are used to support his arguments. The technologies cited here were selected based on their widespread use, their cost‐effectiveness, their ease of application, and their intrinsic li

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440020211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY