ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe development of site‐specific cleanup levels has become an important part of remedial actions at contaminated facilities. These levels must not only protect human and environmental health but must also be acceptable to regulators, local authorities, and nearby communities who may be responsible for overseeing the cleanup. Determining health‐based cleanup values based on a site‐specific risk assessment is a critical step in the process of developing cleanup criteria. In many cases, however, these health‐based values may be perceived as unacceptable by the regulators or by the local community. In some cases, factors such as past regulatory decisions, analysis of background levels, volumetric considerations, or a description of a chemical's environmental behavior can be used to influence the public perception of the cleanup c

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe continuous and discontinuous release of petroleum hydrocarbons from an oil refinery in Alaska resulted in the contamination of an unconfined glacial outwash aquifer. Geologic conditions at the site allowed for the vertical migration of hydrocarbon product to the water table and subsequent formation of an areally extensive floating product layer. Since the petroleum hydrocarbon phase would provide a major source of BTX (benzene, toluene, xylene) contamination to the groundwater, interim product and groundwater recovery measures were initiated to limit aquifer degradation. Phase I remedial activities involved the operation of nine well pairs, with one well used for groundwater extraction and the other for product recovery. Phases II and III involved expansion of the recovery well network and use of a two‐pump system. Petroleum product recovered was reprocessed at the refinery. Contaminated groundwater was initially treated using the refinery's wastewater treatment system, but treatment inefficiencies and continued system expansion necessitated use of a separate treatment unit. Performance evaluations indicate that the remedial phases have been successful in halting further contaminant migration and in recovering a significant volume of the released petroleum hydrocarbon

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe direct application of surfactants to petroleum‐contaminated soil has been proposed as a mechanism to increase the bioavailability of insoluble compounds. Solubilization of hydrophobic compounds into the aqueous phase appears to be a significant rate limiting factor in petroleum biodegradation in soil. Nonionic surfactants have been developed to solubilize a variety of compounds, thus increasing the desorption of contaminants from the soil. In this study, laboratory scale land treatment scenarios were used to monitor the bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soils. In efforts to achieve the lowest levels of residual petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil following biotreatment, 0.5 and 1.0% (volume/weight) surfactant was blended into soils under treatment. Two soil types were studied, a high clay content soil and a sandy, silty soil. In both cases, the addition of surfactant (Adsee 799®, a blend of ethoxylated fatty acids, Witco Corporation) stimulated biological activity as indicated by increased heterotropbic colony forming units per gram of soil. However, the increased activity was not correlated with removal of petroleum hydrocarbons. The results suggest that the application of surfactants directly to the soil for the purpose of solubilizing hydropbobic compounds was not successful in achieving greater levels of petroleum hydrocarbon remov

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWidespread use of trichloroethylene (TCE) in the U.S. has resulted in its frequent detection in soil and groundwater. TCE can become a health hazard after being processed in the human liver; or reductive dehalogenation in the environment may result in production of vinyl chloride, a known carcinogen. This has generated a high degree of interest in efficient and cost‐effective technologies that can be used to remediate soil and ground‐water contaminated with TCE. The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss relevant physicochemical properties and reactive mechanisms of TCE, and to delineate and discuss promising remediation methodologies that have been proposed and/or demonstrated for restoring contaminated subsurface environments. The information in this article has been funded wholly or in part by the U.S. EPA under contract No. 68–C8–0058 to Dynamac Corporation; it has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review process and approved for publ

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published the Proposed Rule for Corrective Action for Solid Waste Management Units at Hazardous Waste Management Facilities in the July 27, 1990 Federal Register. The proposed rule sets forth mechanisms for implementing corrective actions under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA). To date, the EPA has had the authority to require corrective actions at hazardous waste facilities, but has not had a defined framework to follow when requiring corrective actions. The proposed rule identifies when corrective actions are necessary, procedures to follow when developing corrective measure studies for corrective actions, and methods for implementing corrective actions.This article focuses on the effect the proposed rule will have on the development and implementation of remediation technologies. It provides not an in‐depth interpretation of the proposed rule, but an analysis of the overall value of its framework for selecting remedial alternatives and the proposed action levels that are likely to drive cleanups. The article begins by presenting a brief background of the proposed rule, including how the rule fits into the overall RCRA regulation and what the major points of interest in the rule are. The article then discusses how corrective measure studies are to be performed. The development and the importance of the action levels in the proposed rule are also presented. This is followed by a description of EPA's regulatory impact analysis of the proposed rul

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOgden Environmental Services Inc. (OES) is operating a PCB incineration project on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. The facility is approximately 150 miles from Anchorage, Alaska, on a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service refuge and recreation area. Before attaining its current status, the area was an oil field; pipelines and compressor stations are still in the area. Ogden's facilities are located adjacent to an operating compressor station in an area transected by pipelines. The site became contaminated with PCBs as an indirect result of a compressor explosion in 1972. In March 1988 OES contracted to remediate the site using its proprietary transportable Circulating Bed Combustor (CBC), an advanced technology fluidized bed incinerator.The project will thermally treat more than 80,000 tons of PCB‐contaminated soil. Treated soil (ash) contains less than 0.1 ppm PCB and is permanently placed on site. Ogden designed, constructed, permitted, conducted trial burns, and made fully operational this major facility on the remote Kenai Peninsula of Alaska. All systems were designed to withstand the rigors of shipping and to be highly reliable in cold weather and remote‐site operati

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOHM owns and operates a mobile infrared thermal destruction unit (TDU) that is capable of effective, on‐site remediation of TSCA and RCRA contaminants. The TDU has demonstrated a destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of 99.9999 percent for PCBs. The unit has undergone extensive testing and holds a National TSCA Permit in the United States and a Federal Permit in Canada for the treatment of PCB‐contaminated materials.This article discusses the introduction of the TDU to the industry, and also provides a description of the TDU process, past thermal destruction projects, and TDU performance d

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn incineration test program was conducted at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Incineration Research Facility to evaluate the potential of incineration as a treatment option for contaminated soils at the Baird and McGuire Superfund site in Holbrook, Massachusetts. The purpose of these tests was to evaluate the incinerability of these soils in terms of the fate of arsenic and lead and the destruction of organic contaminants during the incineration process. The test program consisted of a series of bench‐scale experiments with a muffle furnace and a series of incineration tests in a pilot‐scale rotary kiln incinerator system.The study reported in this paper was funded by the Environmental Protection Agency under Contract 68–C9–0038 to Acurex Corporation. It has been subjected to the Agency's review and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY