摘要:

AbstractA mathematical model is presented for the calculation of the concentrations or activities of complex compounds in the thermodynamic equilibrium state. Ten central atoms and ten ligands which form 400 complexes at the most can be included in the model. Complex stability constants, total concentrations of the central atoms and ligands, temperature and pH‐value constitute input quantities. Activity and temperature dependence of the stability constants are covered by respective subprogrammes. The model is tested by the migration rate of iron(II) within a sand‐filled column with a cation‐exchange capacity of 1 mval/100 g solid matter: If there is an excess of sulphate, the iron(II)‐breakthrough will be considerably earlier, the same holding for the EDTA‐complex, whereas by means of EDTA the iron(II) bonded to the soil by ion exchange can be redissolved. In the batch experiment also the rate of oxidation of iron(II) is dependent on the degree of complexing. The model can be extended for dissolving, precipitation and redox

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19840120102

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the introduction, the necessity of the employment of ionselective electrodes in the water‐control practice and for process control in water treatment processes is explained. After the description of the general construction principle of measuring chains for recording potential differences, special data and details are presented concerning the composition of the ion‐selective electrodes. The principle of operation and the dependence on special conditions are described by the example of theoretical considerations. The following detection sensitivities with ISE (solid membranes) are stated: iodide 10−2… 10−7; sulphide 10−2… 10−6; cyanide 10−2… 10−5mol/1. The communication is concluded by suggestions concerning the possibility to detect also chloride concentrations lower than 10−5mol/1, e.g., with the aid of ISE on

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19840120103

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19840120104

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA description is given of the thin‐layer chromatographic determination of Triazine herbicides after the chloroform extraction and the detection with 0.1 N AgNO3solution and irradiation by ultraviolet light. For simazine, Atrazine and Prometryne the detection limits are at 0.05 μg. Disturbances can be avoided if two different mobile solvents are used and preliminary cleaning by means of thin‐layer chromatography is done. The agreement of the Rf‐values in two different mobile solvents with the Rf‐values from known standard solutions is used as the criterion of identi

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19840120105

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19840120106

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMunicipal activated sludge was cultivated in a medium composed of formaldehyde, glucose and mineral salt. By passages with increasing formaldehyde content a bacterial culture was selected which remained active also at initial concentrations of 1 g/1 formaldehyde. With this culture, formaldehyde and glucose were oxidized simultaneously to formate and gluconate, which subsequently served simultaneously as substrate for the growth of bacteria. Glucose alone was also oxidized to gluconate, which then was used as substrate for growth. Formaldehyde alone was only oxidized. If the actual formaldehyde concentration was kept low, however, by fed‐batch cultivation, it was assimilated also through formate formation. The biochemical background and the importance of the findings for the purification of formaldehyde‐containing wastewaters are discus

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19840120107

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19840120108

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAfter a detailed description of the methods of investigation for the isolation of R+‐bacteria from water and wastewater, the determination of their resistance pattern and the transfer of R‐plasmides from wild strains toE. ColiK 12 there follows the communication of the results of investigations of the inflows and outflows of municipal and rural clarification plants as well as of a special hospital for lung‐diseases and a urological clinic. It was also found that coliform germs with a threefold and fourfold resistance were dominant in wastewater and surface water and that there was a pronounced shift to strains with a multiple resistance in hospital sewage. Particularly high were the values of the quotient of the single resistance in coliform germs from the wastewater of a lung‐disease sanatorium and of germs with multiple resistance in the waste‐water from an urological clinic. As can be demonstrated, here the selective pressure of the different chemotherapeutic agents used for the therapy is

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19840120109

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt depends on the trophic position of a species whether its growth is limited by the quantity or quality of diet: predators are frequently limited by the quantity of diet, primary consumers frequently by the quality of diet. The protein deficiency is of decisive importance for the growth of primary consumers. The digestible protein/digestible energy ratio is most important: 4 mg/kJ are sufficient for maintenance, 20… 30 mg/kJ are necessary for maximum growth. These values can be confirmed by feeding tests withCarassius auratus. According to measurements by different methods, the organic nitrogen is present in the detritus in the form of amino acids as bonded to organis matter. Thus,Sarotherodon mossambicusassimilates 25.6 mg amino acids/kJ from detritus, whereas only 25% of these amino acids can be identified as protein. Due to the utilization of this source of diet, detrivorous fish occupy a special position in the chain of diet, thus gaining a great importance for the aquatic cultur

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19840120110

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19840120111

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY