摘要:

AbstractD‐Amphetamine toxicity was tested in mice previously acclimatised to 5, 21 and 31°. When the measurements were carried out at 21°, mice acclimatised to lower ambient temperatures were more sensitive to amphetamine than those acclimatised to higher ones, as judged from the LD50‐values obtained. However, when measured at 14°, toxicity was similar for 5°‐ as for 21°‐acclimatised mice, while it was greater for 31°‐acclimatised mice. Aggregation increased amphetamine toxicity the more so the greater the toxicity had been in isolated animals. The body temperature of mice under the influence of amphetamine was inversely related to the previous temperature of acclimatisation, and it was always lower at 14° than at 21°. Aggregation did not influence the hyperthermic effect of amphetamine, while it tended to decrease the hypothermia caused by the drug. The differences in amphetamine toxicity between animals acclimatised to different temperatures can be accounted for by differences in (physiological) relation to the (same) experimental situation, rather than by differences in susceptib

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1976.tb03092.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIsolated rat liver was perfused with a once‐through technique. Glycogen synthesis was not affected by the presence of lithium (1 or 5 mM) in the perfusion medium. The rate of glycogen breakdown both without and with glucagon stimulation was not affected by lithium (1 mM). The uptake of free fatty acids was stimulated by lithium (5 mM) in the perfusion medium and a trend towards an increase in deposition of triglyceride in the same order of magnitude was see

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1976.tb03093.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHaemoglobin, methaemoglobin, and NADH‐methaemoglobin reductase were investigated in sheep blood after intraruminal administration of DNBP and sodium nitrite at doses of 45 and 75 mg/kg b. wt., respectively. The sheep suffered from methaemoglobinemia at maximum levels of 5.5–7.5 g MetHb/100 ml blood after about 3 hours. The nitrite‐induced methaemoglobinemias were normalized during the first 12 hours, while the DNBP‐induced methaemoglobinemias lasted for 2–3 days or more. DNBP also caused serious haemolyses in the sheep after 1–2 days, and two of these animals died. The normal level of methaemoglobin reductase in 10 sheep was 3.3 ± 0.31 units. Nitrite had only a moderate and temporary effect on the reductase enzyme activity, while DNBP had a progressive and almost complete inhibitory effect o

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1976.tb03094.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of the local anaesthetics bupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine and prilocaine on lysosomal membrane stability have been studied on isolated rat liver lysosomes. The lysosomal membranes were stabilized by the local anaesthetics only within a very narrow range of concentration (around 0.001 M). In lower concentrations there was no effect of the substances while in higher concentrations there was a marked labilizing effect on the lysosomal membranes. The phlogistic effect of an injected suspension of lysosomes in the rat paw was increased by mepivacaine in concentrations of 1 % (0.04 M) and higher. The labilizing effects of local anaesthetics on lysosomes were probably due to precipitation of lysosomal membrane proteins by the local anaesthetics.

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1976.tb03095.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether previous acute or subchronic administration of ethanol would alter the toxicity of lidocaine in experimental animals. The principal method used was the measurement of the duration of the narcosis‐like state produced by lidocaine (intraperitoneally) in rats. The concentration of ethanol in the blood of rats was at a maximum about one hour after the administration by gastric intubation. Ethanol in doses of 1.5–3 g/kg, given 1–3 hours previously, caused a significant prolongation of lidocaine narcosis. This prolongation was not due to hypothermia, which occurred in animals at ordinary room temperature. The lethal action of intravenously injected lidocaine in mice was not changed by acute ethanol administration. Lidocaine narcosis was shortened by subchronic ethanol administration but this shortening was statistically significant only when ethanol was given continuously to rats in their drinking fluid. Hence it remains to be shown, for instance, what role the inhibition or induction of drug‐metabolizing enzymes by ethanol plays in the prolongation or shortening of lidocaine n

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1976.tb03096.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDuring the years 1972–73 samples of human abdominal fat, as well as brain and liver tissue were obtained from 82 subjects, and analysed for persistent organochlorinated compounds. Compared with the figures from a similar 8 years old Danish study no downward trend in the content of DDT and its metabolites in the fat tissue was found, while the residue of dieldrin nearly halved during the period. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) were found in a mean concentration of 3.8 mg/kg fat tissu

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1976.tb03097.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe elimination kinetics of phenazone (NFN) after intravenous injection was investigated in seven healthy volunteers and in five patients with chronic liver disease. The plasma concentration/time data of phenazone were analysed according to a one compartment linear model and a two compartment linear open model, respectively. The elimination rate constant, the volume of distribution, and the clearance estimated by the one compartment model analysis correlated significantly with the corresponding parameters of the two compartment model analysis (r = +0.892, r = +0.989 and r = +0.999, respectively). The initial disposition constant (α) and the rates of distribution of phenazone between the central and peripheral compartment, k12and k21were unaltered in the patients with liver disease, whereas the clearance was significantly reduced. These results confirm that the plasma clearance of phenazone is reliably investigated by sampling only from the terminal phase of the plasma elimination curve

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1976.tb03098.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe acetaldehyde dehydrogenases of rat liver, the hepatic output of acetaldehyde and the rate of ethanol elimination were studied in two groups of female Sprague‐Dawley rats fed on two different commercial standard diets (diet 1 and diet 2). The activity of the mitochondrial low‐Kmenzyme was 2–3 times lower in rats fed on diet 1 as compared to rats fed on diet 2, whereas only slight differences were found in the activities of the high‐Kmenzymes in the mitochondrial, the microsomal and the cytosol fractions. No differences were observed between the two groups in the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glucose‐6‐phosphatase or malic enzyme. The rate of ethanol elimination was 15 % lower, and the acetaldehyde level in the blood was 2–4 times higher in rats fed on diet 1 as compared to rats fed on diet 2. When the diets were interchanged between the two groups, the activity of the low‐Kmenzyme increased or decreased twofold within 12 hrs. Starvation increased the activity of the low‐Kmenzyme in rats fed on diet 1, but had no effect on the activity in rats fed on diet 2. The results suggest that diet 1 contains an inhibitor of the low‐Kmenzyme, and that dietary factors may be of importance in the regulation of the hepatic output of acetaldehyde during

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1976.tb03099.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe interaction of atropine or methylatropine with a barbiturate was studied in male rats. Different doses of the cholinergic blocking agents were given prior to an anaesthesia threshold determination with hexobarbital. The dose of hexobarbital needed to induce a burst suppression in the EEG which was 1 second or longer (the “silent second”) was used as the threshold. The ensuing anaesthesia times were also measured. Methylatropine in doses up to 8 mg/kg had no discernable effect on the threshold within 5 hrs after the dose. Atropine decreased the threshold 1.5 hr after the administration. The maximal effect was obtained with the largest dose given (8 mg/kg, fig. 2). Both cholinergic blocking agents decreased the body temperature. No measurable effects were obtained on the ensuing anaesthesia times. The synergistic effect found between atropine and hexobarbital in the present experiments is probably brought about through actions in the central nervous sys

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1976.tb03100.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY