摘要:

AbstractThe results of the anthropometric survey of Sherpa children of both sexes (n = 478) from high‐ and low‐altitude areas in the eastern Himalayas are presented. The study reveals that growth is slower both more prolonged in the high‐altitude Sherpas compared with growth at low altitude and that Sherpa children are the smallest of all the high‐altitude populations considered here. Sexual dimorphism is not well defined during the earlier age periods. Our skinfold thickness data from the low‐altitude Sherpas corroborate the centripetal distribution of fat found

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310030103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDigital patterns of a sample of monozygotic and dizygotic twins were analyzed to obtain heritability values for the four basic types of patterns: arch, tented arch, loops, and whorls. Loops have been separated according to their orientation radial or ulnar. To carry out this study, we used the Holzinger and Clark indices. The results show highest concordances for monozygotic twins except for ulnar loops of the left hand and radial ones of the right hand. Different values of heritability were found for the right and left hands, with finger I having the highest values.

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310030104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFrom a sample of 50 cystic fibrosis patients in whom a previous study had demosntrated a lack of statistical interdependence between disease severity and significant TW2–20 bone age delays, hand–wrist radiographs for a preadolescent subsample of 30 (14 females and 16 males, 7.4 to 13.0 years of age) are reassessed using the TW2 method to (1) elucidate any significant differences in maturational delays exhibited by the carpals and the tubular bones (radius, ulna, and short bones [RUS]) of the hand–wrist complex and (2) assess the relationships between the clinically derived measure of pulmonary disease severity, anthropometric indices of nutritional status, and the bone age delays in these two regions. Female and male carpal bone age delays, pulmonary disease severity scores, and weight/height2differ significantly. However, both sexes exhibit significant mean TW2–carpal bone age delays, while mean TW2‐RUS ages are either non‐significantly delayed or advanced with respect to normative standards. Correlation and all‐subsets multiple linear regression analyses reveal no significant interdependence or predictive relationships between clinically derived measures of pulmonary disease severity and anthropometric measures of nutritional complications and delayed skeletal maturation in either the carpals or tubular bones of the hand

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310030105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeveral differences exist between the body composition of blacks and whites. This study was designed to investigate the applicability of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in blacks, using prediction equations developed in whites. A multiple regression equation developed on 79 white adults, using deuterium oxide dilution space total body water (D2O‐TBW) as the reference method, was prospectively applied to 88 blacks aged 19–50 years. Although the regression line of D2O‐TBW on BIA‐TBW was not significantly different from the line of identity (r = 0.98, SEE = 1.71 liters), mean TBW was significantly underestimated by 0.84 liter. Other BIA equations from the literature also underestimated D2O‐TBW in blacks, except for an equation developed on a mixed black and white population. Multiple regression analysis on the data of the black and white subjects combined showed that race, offered as a separate independent variable, improved the correlation with D2O‐TBW slightly but significantly (P<0.01). It was concluded that BIA may be valuable in the assessment of body composition in blacks as well as in whites. In this study a small underestimation of TBW occurred in blacks, using (BIA) equations from whites. This may be due to racial differences in body composition or to factors unrelated t

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310030106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLength and weight data from 3 months to 6 years of age from 466 participants in the Fels Longitudinal Study of Growth were used to fit the Jenss non‐linear growth curve. Six (1%) of the Fels participants had extremely outlying values for length parameters, and 20 (4%) had outlying values for weight parameters. The general pattern in the outliers is for average or below average size in infancy, followed by unusually rapid growth or weight gain in childhood. This outlier pattern is associated with significantly higher mean stature or weight at 18 years of age. The results for the majority of the participants are similar to those found in 229 children from the Harvard Growth Study, except for the non‐linear intercept for length and the linear intercept for weight. Significant sex differences have not previously been reported for Jenss parameters, perhaps because previous applications have used much smaller sample si

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310030107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWomen with increased adiposity have been shown to have earlier menarche. However, the association between menarche and body fat distribution has been controversial. The present study examined relationships between several anthropometric data and age at menarche in 2,494 women aged 25 to 74 years from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Early menarche was similarly related to adiposity as measured by body mass index (BMI), skinfolds representative of central adiposity (subscapular and iliac), and skinfolds representative of peripheral adiposity (triceps and calf). These relationships persisted after controlling for a variety of influences such as socioeconomic status; they were consistent in all three ethnic groups studied, but were significant only in Puerto Rican women. Ratios of central/peripheral skinfold measures were not associated with menarche. These analyses describe the relationship between early maturation and overall adiposity in three distinct Hispanic groups and reject a specific association between menarche and central body fat distribution.

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310030108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study investigated the historical trend in resemblance between first‐degree relatives for age at death. Data from genealogies of six New England families (N = 13,656) were divided into nine 25 year birth cohorts, 1650–1874, to test the hypothesis that familial influence on human longevity has changed during the past 300 years. Heritability (h2) for longevity demonstrated no historical trend, whether calculated by regression of offspring's longevity on paternal, maternal, or mid‐parental longevity or by intraclass correlations (t) among sibships. Ninety‐five percent confidence intervals (C.I.) for h2(additive genetic variance) were in the range 0.10–0.33 for parent–offspring regressions and 0.16–0.22 based on mean of sibship regressed on mean of parents. Based on sibship t, the 95% C.I. for the upper limit to h2(which includes variance contributions caused by dominance interactions and common developmental environment as well as additive genetic effects) was 0.33–0.41. In this socially elite sample, the statistical contribution of first‐degree relatives to age at death has varied within a historically consistent range over the past 300 years, directly implying a persistent genetic influence on longevity. The magnitude of this influence with respect to additive genetic variance, about 10–30%, may overestimate h2because of the elite nature of the sample. Nevertheless, these results support a genetic component to lifespan even though the majority of variation in human longevity is not explained

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310030109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310030110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310030102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY