ISSN:0038-0644    

DOI:10.1002/spe.4380251302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe discuss a number of open issues within object‐oriented programming. The central mechanisms of object‐oriented programming appeared with Simula, developed more than 30 years ago; these include class, subclass, virtual function, active object and the first application framework, Class Simulation. The core parts of object‐oriented programming should be well understood, but there are still a large number of issues where there is no consensus.The term object‐orientation has been applied to many subjects, such as analysis, design implementation, data modeling in databases, and distribution. In this paper the term object‐oriented programming is meant to cover all these subjects, since one of the advantages of object‐orientation is that it provides a unified approach to these subjects.The issues being discussed in this paper are the following: modeling versus reuse as the main benefit of object‐orientation; the need for a language independent conceptual framework; abstraction mechanisms for supporting object‐oriented programming, including classification and composition, single and multiple inheritance, inner versus super, genericity versus virtual classes and issues related to typing; class‐based versus prototype‐based languages; and concurrency.The points of view presented in this paper reflect the author's background in the Scandinavian tradition as manifested in the BETA language and

ISSN:0038-0644    

DOI:10.1002/spe.4380251303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOver the past decade, C++ has become the most commonly used language for introducing object‐oriented programming and other abstraction techniques into production software. During this period, C++ has evolved to meet the challenges of production systems. In this, C++ differs radically from languages that come primarily from academic or research environments, and from less widely used languages. Although C++ has also been extensively used in academia and for research, its evolution was driven primarily by feedback from its use in industrial applications.In this paper, we focus on three design areas key to successful C++ use. In doing so, we explore fundamental C++ concepts and facilities and present distinctive C++ design and programming styles that have evolved to cope with the stringent demands of everyday systems building. First we explore C++'s support for concrete data types and containers and give examples of how the C++ generic programming facilities, together with well‐designed libraries, can yield flexibility and economy of expression. Next we examine some uses of class hierarchies, touching on issues including encapsulation, interface design, efficiency, and maintainability. Finally, we note that languages succeed for reasons that are not entirely technical and review the background for C++'s success.This paper is not a C++ tutorial. However, it does include enough code examples and supporting commentary that readers familiar with programming languages in general but unfamiliar with C++ can grasp the key C++ language constructs and programming techniq

ISSN:0038-0644    

DOI:10.1002/spe.4380251304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA network object is an object whose methods can be invoked over a network. The Modula‐3 network objects system is novel for its overall simplicity. It provides distributed type safety through the narrowest surrogate rule, which allows programmers to export new versions of distributed services as subtypes of previous versions. The design and implementation of the system is described, including a thorough description of realistic marshaling algorithms for network objects, precise informal specifications of the major system interfaces, lessons learned from using the system, and performance result

ISSN:0038-0644    

DOI:10.1002/spe.4380251305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn standardizing object technology, there are many disagreements that are differences of perspective resulting from independent strains of evolution. Integrating divergent implementations requires synthesizing the differences into an inclusive model.Focusing on reuse suggests standardizing implementations; focusing on interoperation suggests standardizing interfaces. Inheritance has different implications for interfaces and implementations. The language view tries to extend program semantics to external objects; the system view tries to import objects into programs.The insights and limitations presented by these and other perspectives must be understood to develop standards that integrate existing and emerging object technology.

ISSN:0038-0644    

DOI:10.1002/spe.4380251306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0038-0644    

DOI:10.1002/spe.4380251301

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY