摘要:

Isolation of 73Stachybotrys alternansstrains from various materials, their morphological description and results from toxigenicity tests by a tissue culture method are reported. The isolation method consisted of culturing the material on wet cotton wool and sterile filter paper. Out of the 725 samples of cereal grain, field pea, oat meal, feed and fodder sent for routine mycological investigation 50 strains ofS. alternanswere isolated. Rather strikingly, approximately every fourth of the samples of field pea seed was found to be contaminated withS. alternans.Among the 129 samples of feed and fodder suspected as a cause of mycotoxicosis in domestic animals, 22 turned out to be contaminated byS. alternans.The toxicity of ether soluble extracts from strains cultivated on wheat‐oats‐barley mixture was tested in mouse primary fibroblast cultures. Together 49 out of the 73 isolated strains were found toxigenic by the test. All 13 strains isolated from field pea samples produced toxin. No relation between morphological characteristics and toxicity was revea

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02284.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Chromatographic analyses and tissue culture toxicity tests were simultaneously carried out with stachybotrys crude toxin. Toxic fractions were localized by tissue culture toxicity tests, and further chemical analyses were concentrated on these parts. By using consecutive partition chromatography on silica gel columns with different solvent systems the crude toxin was resolved into three components which were toxic to mouse primary fibroblast culture. These three toxic stachybotrys components contained some impurities, they were non‐fluorescent and they gave a negative resorcinol tes

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02285.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Serum samples from 300 individual birds representing 72 species from 15 of 28 living orders were tested for protein A reactivity in gel diffusion experiments. Only two species,Rhea americana(Greater Rhea) andPterocnemia pennata(Lesser Rhea), showed positive reactions, whereas serum samples from the remaining 70 species tested were negative. Protein A reactivity in the two Rheiformes species was identified in a slowly migrating serum globulin of unknown function with a molecular weight of 185 000. Absorption of serum fromRhea americanawith staphylococci containing protein A almost completely eliminated the slow globulin. InPterocnemia pennatasimilar absorption experiments reduced the amount of the corresponding globulin by 40–50 per cent. Two mammalian sera, the wooly opossum and the wallaby, not tested previously were also analyzed. Both species showed marked protein A reactivity. The only negative mammalian serum found earlier, the American opossum, was also reexamined. Concentrated globulin fractions showed a quantitatively small but definite reactivity in tests for protein A reactivity. Thus, all 65 mammalian species tested contain gamma globulins reactive with protein A presumably via similar Fc structures of immunoglobulin G with a common evolutionary origi

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02286.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The reactivity of streptococci with sheep red cells, sensitized with a subagglutinating dose of rabbit anti‐sheep red cell antibodies was studied; agglutination of sensitized and not non‐sensitized sheep red cells by streptococci was demonstrated in isolates belonging to groups A, B, C, D and G. The frequencies of isolates which had the capacity to agglutinate were 97, 88 and 100 per cent in group A, C and G, but only 47 and 33 in group B and D. The agglutination of sensitized sheep red cells by streptococci diminished after treatment of the streptococci with protease fromStreptomyces griseus, but was not affected by pepsin or trypsin treatment. Heating the streptococci at 60°C for 30 minutes and repeated subculturing did not suppress their agglutinating activity. Besides, various streptococcal extracts agglutinated sensitized sheep red cells. The presence of an immunoglobulin G reactivity in streptococci might cause certain difficulties in the serological grouping and typing of streptoc

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02287.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A total of 118 mycoplasma strains isolated from the conjunctivae and the respiratory‐ and genital tracts of 78 dogs were studied biochemically and serologically. Three biochemical tests (glucose fermentation, catabolism of arginine and phosphatase activity) were found to be very useful for a preliminary biochemical grouping prior to serological identification. Using these tests, the strains could be divided into six groups that did not show any antigenic overlapping. By serological examination using the indirect immunofluorescence technique and growth inhibition 35 isolates were identified asM. canis;21 were identified asM. edwardii;10 asM. cynos;10 as the feline speciesM. gateae;30 asM. spumans;2 asM. maculosum;2 as the bovine speciesM. bovigenitalium;and 5 asM. feliminutum, a species previously represented by a single strain isolated from a cat. The three remaining strains which were glucose positive and arginine and phosphatase negative were placed in a separate serogroup, group A, as they were serologically different from the established canine specie

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02288.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Semliki Forest virus specific polysomes from infected HeLa cells were isolated. Part of the newly formed, radioactively labelled protein remained associated with the messenger RNA after release of the nascent polypeptide chains with EDTA: The messenger RNA bound label consisted mostly of viral capsid protein. Direct isolation of ribonucleoproteins from the cytoplasm showed that the capsid protein binds to both 42 S and 26 S viral RNAs.

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02289.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Diagnostic attempts by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) were made for parainfluenza‐, respiratory syncytial (RS)‐ and adenovirus on laryngo‐pharyngeal cells aspirated within a few hours of admission from 87 patients with a diagnosis of croup. Parainfluenza virus antigen was demonstrated in samples of secretion cells from 33 out of 44 patients from whom parainfluenza virus was isolates in tissue culture. Furthermore, in six patients parainfluenza virus infection was demonstrated serologically. RS‐virus was never isolated. One diagnosis of RS‐virus infection made by IF was confirmed by the complement fixation (CF) test. Adenovirus was isolated in eight cases, none of which were diagnosed by IF, in spite of one showing titre increase in the CF‐test. Paired sera were available from 52 of the 87 patients. No influenza orMycoplasma pneumoniaeinfections could be diagnosed by the CF‐test. The IF‐technique appears to be an important supplement to the rapid diagnosis of virus infections in patients suffe

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02290.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A large number of bacterial strains from the upper respiratory tract were examined for production of imprints of the colonies on blood agar plates.Moraxellastrains regularly grew with “corroding” colonies and most cultures produced spreading zones around the colonies after prolonged incubation.Neisseria (Moraxella, Branhamella) catarrhalis, andN. pharyngiscolonies produced marked “corrosion” without spreading zones.Micrococcus mucilaginosus, Staphylococcus aureusandS. epidermidis, and some of the strains ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeandN. meningitidisproduced slight to moderate depressions in the agar, with or without moderate “corrosion”. About 10 per cent of the strains of alpha‐ and beta‐haemolytic streptococci failed to produce imprints on the agar. Of the remaining strains the majority produced slight to moderate depressions with or without “corrosion”. About 12 per cent of the strains produced colonies which were deeply imbedded or infiltrated in the agar. The possibility of an association of these phenomena with other physiological characters, as in someMoraxellasp

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02291.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The enzymes thymidine phosphorylase, nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase and thymidine kinase were searched for in species ofNeisseria.Activities corresponding to these enzymes could not be found in the species examined.

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02292.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eighteen strains of Gram‐negative, rodshaped bacteria, includingMoraxella kingii, “NewMoraxella” Bijsterveld, “NewMoraxella” Sutton et al., M. nonliquefaciens, M. lacunata, M. bovis, M. osloensis, M. phenylpyrouvica, M. atlantae(new species to be described),M. urethralis(tentative designation) andAcinetobacter, were examined for enzyme activities corresponding to thymidine phosphorylase, nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase and thymidine kinase. The two strains ofM. kingiiexamined as well as “NewMoraxella” Bijsterveldand “NewMoraxella” Sutton et al., revealed activities corresponding to the three enzymes. One of twoM. nonliquefaciensstrains, the type strain, was found to contain a thymidine kinase of low activity, but had no activities corresponding to the enzymes thymidine phosphorylase or nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase. Significant activities of any of the three enzymes were not detected in the other

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02293.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY