摘要:

H‐2blymphocytes were sensitized against H‐2dalloantigens by mixed lymphocyte culture reaction (MLR) and incubated with H‐2dtarget cells in the presence of prednisolone or without prednisolone (control). The interaction between lymphoid cells and target cells was stopped by fixation with glutaraldehyde. Changes in cell size, in numerical density of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus (GA) as well as in areal density of the lysosomes and the mitochondria in the lymphoblasts during the first four hours of interaction with target cells were measured with a Hewlett Packard digitizer. The cell size showed no significant change within the first hour of interaction with target cells, but during the second hour a minor increase in cell diameter was observed whereas the diameter of the control lymphocytes increased a great deal during the first half hour as well as from the second to the third hour. The numerical density of the ER decreased throughout the four hour observation period, whereas the control lymphocytes exhibited a decrease in the numerical density of ER within the first hour after which the density increased. During the first hour of interaction with target cells the numerical density of the GA decreased and there was no increase during the rest of the observation period, whereas in the control lymphocytes the density of GA increased from the second to the third hour of interaction with target cells. There was no lysosome formation, and no significant change in the areal density of mitochondria during the four hour observation period, whereas the density of lysosomes as well as mitochondria increased in the control lympho

ISSN:0304-1328    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1981.tb02657.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A method for quantitative determination of mouse Thy‐1 antigen is presented. Antigen to be assayed is incubated with anti‐Thy‐1 serum and remaining antibody activity is measured by adding51Cr‐labelled thymocytes and complement. The detection limit corresponds to the amount of Thy‐1 antigen exposed on the surface of 25,000 thymocytes, which can be calculated to correspond to approximately 0.5 ng. The assay was designed to be performed in the presence or absence of detergent, and is therefore a useful tool for quantitation of Thy‐1 in purification procedures and studies on the biological significance of this membr

ISSN:0304-1328    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1981.tb02658.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Inbred mice of the CBA and A strains were from weaning malnourished on a low protein diet. During a three‐week period their weight increased from about 8 to about 10 g, while mice on normal feeding increased to about 16 g. This malnutrition resulted in a 10‐fold increase of the susceptibility to intraperitoneally injectedE. coli06:K2a,2c:HI bacteria compared to conventionally fed controls. Immunization as well as transfer of fresh immune serum to malnourished or normally‐fed mice resulted in an increase in resistance, 6 to 10 fold that of non‐immunized controls, while transfer of normal serum did not have a great impact on the resistance. Antibody titers toE. coli06 antigen in mice on poor and normal feeding were similar, as were there non‐specific cellular responsiveness measured as lymphoblast transformation by ConA, PHA and LPS. The effect of the malnutrition seemed to be an impairment of the clearance of liveE. coli06 bacteria 1 h after a sub‐lethal infection compared with that of normally‐fed controls. The noted increased susceptibility to injections in the malnourished mice was rapidly restored by normal feedin

ISSN:0304-1328    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1981.tb02659.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Treatment of CBA mice with cobra venom factor (CVF) decreased their C3 levels to less than 10 per cent of normal and resulted in a simultaneous increase of their susceptibility to intraperitonealE. coli06 infection. Animals immunized and treated with CVF had an infection resistance similar to untreated controls but considerably less than mice immunized only. The CVF treatment did not affect the antibody formation after immunization. Untreated or immunized AKR mice deficient in C5 did not show decreased resistance to the infection. Exposure of NMRI mice to preformed antigen‐antibody complexes unrelated to the infection did not increase the susceptibility of the animals to infection, neither did it impair their C3 levels. Two out of five freshly frosen (‐70°C) normal rabbit sera gave significant, heat‐labile protection of mice to theE coliinfection without containing any antibodies detectable with the ELISA. This protective capacity was not abolished with zymosan treatment affecting the levels of complement factors and could be »natural antibodies« stimulated from the environment. In testing whether similar protective factors as those found in normal rabbit serum could be raised in CBA mice, such animals were orally given killedE. coli06 bacteria. This did not affect the resistance to theE. coliinfection or to the rise of specific antibodies after immu

ISSN:0304-1328    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1981.tb02660.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The presence of antibodies against the synthetic hapten dinitrophenol (DNP) was investigated in sera from healthy children and adults. Such antibodies were found in all sera. The serum levels were significantly lower in healthy children than in adults. Serum samples from a pilot group of pediatric patients with acuteE. coliurinary tract infection (UTI) contained significantly higher DNP antibody levels compared to healthy children and similar to those of the adults. Furthermore. 10 of 17 patients had a significant change in antibody levels in connection with the infection as judged from consecutive serum samples. Relations were found between age and minimum as well as maximum serum DNP antibody values. In a second group of children withE. coliurinary tract infection beside DNP antibodies, antibodies against the Tamm‐Horsfall urinary protein and a pool of O antigens fromE. colicommon in urinary tract infections were also investigated. In these patients similar findings as for ihe pilot group were made for the levels of the DNP antibodies. An IgG but not IgM antibody response to the Tamm‐Horsfall protein was also found in sera from all the patients over 1 year with acute pyelonephritis. The highest antibody levels against Tamm‐Horsfall protein were noted in patients with vesico‐ureteric reflux. No relation could be recorded between the DNP antibodies and the Tamm‐Horsfall protein antibodies. The antibodies to the pool of O antigens recorded did not correlate to the DNP antibodies. It was concluded that the DNP antibody formation could partly be due to polyclonally stimulatory activities of bacterial substances exposed during i

ISSN:0304-1328    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1981.tb02661.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Effect of surgical bursectomy on antibody response was studied in chicks injected intrabursally with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) andBrucella abortuson day 2 of life and challenged intravenously with the same antigens on day 9. Bursectomy performed 2 days after the priming resulted in a significantly decreased anti‐SRBC plaque‐forming cell (PFC) response, whereas bursectomy performed 4 or 5 days after the priming clearly enhanced the PFC response. The enhancing effect of bursectomy on the PFC response was also observed if the priming was made intravenously. In antibody titers against SRBC the enhancing effect was observed only if a secondary and tertiary challenge was performed at the age of 28 and 36 days, respectively. Titers ofBrucellaantibodies were either reduced by the bursectomy (performed 2 or 4 days after the intrabursal priming) or left unaffected (bursectomy performed 5 days after the priming). These findings are discussed in relation to bursa‐derived suppressor

ISSN:0304-1328    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1981.tb02662.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A radioimmunoassay was developed for characterization of the binding between rabbit antiserum and idiotypes in B6 anti‐H‐2kantisera. It was a double precipitation assay using iodinated F(ab')2fragments prepared from B6 anti‐H‐2kantisera as antigen. Suitable absorptions made the non‐specific binding very low, and thus this assay was well suited for detecting idiotypes in preparations, that mainly contained other forms of immunoglobulin than the idiotype. That the rabbit antiserum reacted with idiotypes was demonstrated by the use of F(ab')2fragments in inhibition assays where B6 anti‐H‐2kantisera could be used as effective inhibitors in contrast to B6 anti‐H‐2qand ABY anti‐H‐2kantisera. Idiotype was also found in the sera of normal B6 mice and as much as 0.05% of the immunoglobulin molecules expressed the idiotype. The inhibition assay was suitable for quantitation of idiotypes, since the reproducibility of the assay through a

ISSN:0304-1328    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1981.tb02663.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A complement‐mediated microcytotoxicity assay was used to detect Forssman antigen in BK virus (BKV) ‐induced tumor cells. BKT‐ 1B. a transplantable hamster tumor cell line, contained Forssman antigen as did some other hamster cell lines tested for comparison. A rat embryo cell line transformed by BKV in vitro was negative for Forssman antigen. The presence of Forssman antigen in hamster cell lines was confirmed by absorption experiments of rabbit Forssman antiserum with the tumor cells, although in quantitative terms the results obtained by the two techniques were somewhat different. Immunization of rabbits with tumor cells also induced production of Forssman antibody; a much weaker response was observed in hamsters and

ISSN:0304-1328    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1981.tb02664.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Age‐dependent changes in natural killer (NK) cell activity was studied using the K 562 cell line as target in a 20 h51Cr release assay. Fifteen healthy, high‐aged persons (76–93 yrs) were compared with 15 sex‐matched young adults (20–39 yrs). Peripheral blood lymphocytes from one aged and one young person were assayed simultaneously; and in 12 of the pairs the elderly person expressed the highest cytotoxicity (p = 0.008). When the NK cell activity was expressed as lytic units per ml of blood, however, no difference could be found between the two age groups. T enriched cells showed lower NK activity than peripheral blood lymphocytes, but the age‐dependent changes were the same. The NK cell activity was positively correlated to the proportion of lymphocytes bearing receptors for the Fc part of IgG. The numbers of both Fc receptor positive peripheral lymphocytes and Fc receptor positive T cells (Tγcells) were significantly elevated in

ISSN:0304-1328    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1981.tb02665.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nasal washings from patients receiving phenytoin and from healthy controls were investigated. The concentrations of immunoglobulins and albumin were determined by single radial immunodiffusion. Epileptic patients treated with phenytoin had a higher IgA concentration in nasal washings than controls, 174 × 10−3g/1versus114 × 10−3g/1. The IgG concentration was also significantly higher in the phenytoin‐treated patients compared to the controls. IgM was detected in nasal washings from 41% of phenytoin‐treated patients and from only 11% of the controls.To exclude the effect of exudation of plasma proteins caused by inflammation, the ratio IgA to albumin was calculated and the median of this ratio estimated both for patients and controls. For patients taking phenytoin as their only drug, the median was 1.89versus1.23 in the controls.There was no relation between the serum concentration of IgA and the ratio between IgA and albumin concentrations in nasal secretions. However, patients with serum IgA deficiency had low concentrations of IgA in the nasal secretion and a reduced IgA to albu

ISSN:0304-1328    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1981.tb02666.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY