摘要:

This study analyzes government's use of the Selective Service System's revocation of draft exemptions and deferments to punish outspoken critics of the Vietnam war. The author traces the development of a Selective Service scheme to deny draft‐eligible protesters their draft exemptions and deferments to punish their opposition to the war. The U.S. Supreme Court in Oestereich v. Selective Service System and subsequent cases denied the Selective Service System the authority to use punitive reclassification and quick induction to punish Vietnam war and draft protesters. In Oestereich, a local draft board revoked a divinity student's statutory exemption to the draft in an overt attempt to punish his symbolic speech, returning his draft card to protest the Vietnam war, and the Supreme Court held that the draft board's reclassification of Oestereich was a clearly lawless attempt to silence dissen

ISSN:0149-0508    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0130.1992.tb00579.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Policies about the Gulf War cannot be understood merely in terms of support or opposition. Some militarists both in the Soviel Union and the United States opposed that war, while some erstwhile peace strategists supported it. The peace movement was divided primarily between proponents of common security and of collective securiy. Soviet militarists were strengthened by the domestically unpopular acceptance by the foreign ministry of the collective securiy model.

ISSN:0149-0508    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0130.1992.tb00580.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

E. P. Thompson has written about how the causes of “peace” and “freedom” seemed to break apart after World War II. The Soviet Union promoted peace, and the United States promoted freedom. Thompson argues persuasively that both claims contained a grain of truth along with a fair amount of hypocrisy. The peace offensive launched by the Soviet Union in the late 1940s met with positive responses from people all over the world who yearned for peace. In the United States, such people, whether Communist or not, became suspect as dupes of the Kremlin. The roots of the postwar association of peace with Communist subversion in the United States can be traced to the negative responses of various individuals and groups to the Communist peace offensive. This association persisted for many years, causing much damage to the peace movement and the cause of peace. Although dissidents in the Soviet Union were treated far more harshly than were peace activists in the United States, this does not detract from the significance of attempts by many Americans to curb the freedoms of those who worked fo

ISSN:0149-0508    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0130.1992.tb00581.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Political transformations in Central and Eastern Europe are relevant not only to institutional change but also to the transfiguration of a fragmented and degraded political self and group. In their search for democratization, Eastern Europeans are desperately seeking a new morally and psychologically empowered identity. The process of creating a new identity entails complex systems of group defenses (splitting, scapegoating, identification with the aggressor), which are already being expressed in the realm of politics (e.g., violation of minority rights, anti‐Semitism, ethnic violence, etc.). Short of celebrating the establishment of democracy in Eastern Europe, methodological and theoretical inquiry into Eastern European transformation should focus on the psychocultural parameters that have an impact on the process of identity formation and warn policymakers against serious political implications that this process is likely to have not only for Eastern but also for Western Europe. In lieu of these complex processes, the authors argue that traditional concepts of security become outdated against the rising manifestations of conflict and violence in Central and Eastern Europe. They therefore propose an expanded conception of security that encompasses a dimension pertinent to the psychocultural origins (e.g., identity crisis) of security threats (e.g., ethnic violence, extremism, migration

ISSN:0149-0508    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0130.1992.tb00582.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:The Sun Never Sets: Confronting the Network of U.S. Foreign Military Bases, edited by Joseph Gerson and Bruce BirchardThe Politics of Dissent: Pacifism in France, 1919–1939 by Norman IngramAlternative Security: Living without Nuclear Deterrence, edited by Burns H. West

ISSN:0149-0508    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0130.1992.tb00583.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0149-0508    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0130.1992.tb00584.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY