摘要:

AbstractParathion‐methyl and monocrotophos at 1.12 kg active material/ha at intervals of 10 and 5 days, respectively, suppressed larval populations of the false codling moth,Cryptophlebia leucotretaMeyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in cotton bolls. The use of parathion‐methyl is not recommended in Uganda because of its high oral and dermal LD50 of 12 to 16 mg/kg and 67 mg/kg, respectively, on rats. Although comparatively, monocrotophos has a high oral LD50 of 20 mg/kg, it has a reasonable dermal LD50 of 342 mg/kg and can, in practice, be handled by peasant farmers if well instruc

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780050102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInsecticide assays using larvae ofCryptophlebia leucotretaMeyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; subfamily Olethreutinae) showed that parathion‐methyl and monocrotophos were more toxic than fenitrothion and endosulfan. The LD90 were 3.44 mg/kg and 11.0 mg/kg for parathion‐methyl and monocrotophos, respectively. The order of relative efficiency of the insecticides was as follows: parathion‐methyl, monocrotophos, fenitrothion and lastly endosulfan.When different spray machines were tested for spray deposition on well grown cotton plants, the motorised airblast sprayer effected a more satisfactory deposit recovery on the lower parts of the cotton plants where early and heavy infestation ofC. leucotretato the mature cotton bolls o

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780050103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLeaves of dwarf bean and blackcurrant were analysed for their content of some of the acids of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle after treatment with lime sulphur in order to correlate any changes with the increase in respiration previously reported.In the dwarf bean, a rapid initial decrease in succinic acid was followed by a large increase. This suggested that there was some blocking of the succinic dehydrogenase by the toxic agent. However it is probably important to consider the contribution of the hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt in the increased respiration and associated metabolic changes as it has been shown that many disruptive agents, both chemical and biological, favour respiration by the HMP rather than the TCA route in plants.

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780050104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWheat plants were allowed to take up [3H]triforine through their roots and were later inoculated with uredospores of the leaf rust of wheat. Through extraction and chromatographic analysis coupled with evaluation of the rust attack, it was established that rust attack was prevented completely when the concentration of unaltered triforine in the leaves reached 9 μg/g fresh weight

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780050105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe bromine content of potato tubers grown in soil fumigated with methyl bromide at 487 and 975 kg/ha (1 lb and 2 lb/100 ft2) averaged 170 and 280 mg/kg of dry weight. Most of the bromine was in the outer layers of the tubers; peeled tubers has less than 100 mg/kg, which remained after boiling. Potato haulm contained 4000 or 6700 mg/kg bromine respectively for the two rates of application. The bromine content of wheat grain grown after potatoes depended on the rate of application of methyl bromide and the time interval between treatment and wheat crop. Wheat grain harvested 31/2 21/2 and 11/2 years after fumigation with methyl bromide at 975 kg/ha had mean bromine contents of 4.5, 15 and 44 mg/kg. but the amounts in grain from plots having the same treatments varied more than two‐fold; wheat grain harvested 11/2 years after fumigation at 487 kg/ha contained 23 mg bromine/kg. Wheat yields were unaffected by fumigatio

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780050106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPerfusion of14C‐(ring)‐parathion or14C‐(ring)‐paraoxon with blood through isolated, intact rat livers resulted in the rapid degradation of these insecticides. Degradation was negligible in the absence of rat liver (controls), thus demonstrating the capacity of the liverper seto effectively degrade these compounds. Of the total radiocarbon recovered after liver perfusion with [14C]parathion, 33 % could be attributed to unchanged [14C]parathion (similarly distributed between the liver and the blood) while 67.9 % was degraded to water soluble compounds and 2.5% was converted to organic soluble paraoxon and traces of p‐nitrophenol. Nearly all of the [14C]paraoxon, however, was degraded by the intact rat liver, resulting in water soluble products that amounted to 98.5% of the total radiocarbon recovered. Unexplained losses of radiocarbon with the perfusion apparatus used were lower in the presence of rat liver which degraded the insecticides to more water soluble compounds. The water soluble degradation products produced from [14C]parathion and [14C]paraoxon were non‐toxic to mosquito larvae(Aedes aegyptiL.). These ring‐labelled products were found to be conjugatedp‐nito‐phenol. Nearly all of the water soluble radiocarbon was located in the perfused blood, while only small amounts (1.8 to 3.0% of recovered) were excreted via the bile or were associated with the liver tissue (1.3 to 1.

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780050107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe disappearance of quintozene (I) and its technical impurities and metabolites pentachlorobenzene (III), hexachlorobenzene (IV) and pentachloroaniline (V) from soil, was studied in laboratory experiments under controlled conditions during a period of about 600 days. The very high persistence found, was confirmed by the analysis of 22 samples collected from fields used for potato growing and treated regularly during the foregoing 11 years with commercial formulations of quintozene. In the laboratory experiments, III, V and methylthiopentachlorobenzene (VI) were found to be degradation products from the quintozene.

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780050108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSheep were dosed orally with diazinon at 450 and 600 mg/kg: residues of diazinon were determined in the blood, brain, liver, kidney cortex and medulla, muscle, fat and rumen contents at intervals after dosing, and cholinesterase activities in the erythrocytes and the brain were determined at the same intervals. The relations between residues, cholinesterase activity and clinical symptoms are discussed from the points of view of their diagnostic value and the possibility of undesirable residues occurring in poisoned animals. Rough estimates of the residues of two metabolites, hydroxydiazinon and dehydro‐diazinon, in one sheep are also discussed. The oxygen analogue of diazinon was not detected although it was specifically sough

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780050109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGranular formulations of chlorfenvinphos and phorate were applied to sandyloam soil at 2 kg a.i./ha either broadcast and incorporated to 2.5 cm, broadcast and incorporated at 10 cm or by the bow‐wave method along the carrot rows. Depth of incorporation did not influence the rates of residue decline in the soil. Bow‐wave applications produced the highest residues in root and foliage and also reduced the rate of oxidation of phorate. 30 weeks after sowing the carrots, all treatments gave the highest residue concentrations in the uppermost 6 cm of carrot root. The peel of carrots grown in the soil treated to a depth of 10 cm contained 88 % and 23 % of the total chlorfenvinphos and phorate residues respectively.Significant differences were found in the residue concentrations in five carrot cultivars treated with chlorfenvinphos and phorate by the bow‐wave method at 1.5 kg a.i./ha. The concentrations were inversely correlated with root size so that amounts of insecticide (μg/carrot) were similar in all cultivars. Prolonged growth of cv. Norfolk Giant slightly extended the period of uptake of chlorfenvinphos, but the uptake of phorate was ultimately less than its rate of dissipation.Neither the method of application nor the selection of carrot cultivar extended the period of uptake very greatly but differences which were obtained in residue concentrations in the carrot may become significant in the event of regulatory control of residue

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780050110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780050111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY