摘要:

AbstractAlternative methods for the extraction of unchanged carbon tetrachloride residues from fumigated whole and ground wheat and maize were examined and compared. Amounts of carbon tetrachloride extracted were determined by gas‐liquid chromatography using two separate columns and an electron‐capture detector. A portion of any carbon tetrachloride residue was found to be converted to chloroform by a steam distillation extraction method but not when a cold solvent extraction process was used. In addition, the effectiveness of removal of carbon tetrachloride from wheat and maize during a 3.5 h steam distillation was progressively lessened, in comparison with the cold extraction process, as the length of time that residual fumigant had been associated with the grain increased.The rate of elimination of carbon tetrachloride from wheat and maize during airing at two temperatures was determined and though partially dependent on the temperature of fumigation, airing was consistently more rapid at 25° than at 10°C. Initial residues of 200 to 400 parts/million in whole grains fell to 1 to 10 parts/million when aired for six months in thin layers at 25°C and to 5 to 50 parts/million at WC. Residues in wheat disappeared more rapidly than those in maize. Grinding initially caused a sharp reduction in carbon tetrachloride content but subsequent airing rates were little faster than those of the whole grains.It is concluded that complete elimination of trace amounts of carbon tetrachloride from products of treated grain is unlikely even after milling but the toxicological significance of such residues is unc

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780040102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe volatility of tri‐allate from different formulations when mixed with 2 soils containing water at 2%, 6% and field capacity was estimated in the laboratory. Volatility increased with increasing water content in each case. It was generally highest from an emulsifiable concentrate and lowest from a granule formulation with that from unformulated tri‐atlate intermediate. In a greenhouse experiment rates of loss of tri‐allate from a dry soil were similar for both emulsifiable concentrate and granule formulations, but from a wet soil and an aluminium foil dish losses were much greater from the emulsifiable concentrate. The persistence of trii‐allate from granules applied in the field was virtually the same for granules containing 2.5, 5 or 10% active ing

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780040103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSurvival of the spores ofBacillus thuringiensisin granular formulations has been tested under storage conditions in the laboratory and also outdoor conditions exposed to weather. The granular formulations were prepared with attapulgite and aqueous and non‐aqueous carriers. The virulence of the spore formulation was tested onBombyx morilarvae. A 0.4% spore concentration, with an initial count of 64 × 106, gave ultimately 0.3 to 0.4 × 106viable spores/g of the granule after 248 days of storage in the room. The viable count of spores in the granules exposed to outdoor weather conditions fell rapidly within two days; at the end of 65 days, it was maintained at between 3 × 104and 12 × 104/g of the granules. Optimum concentrations required in granules for 100% mortality of the test insect was found to be 0.4 × 106spores/g, at the rate of 50 mg of granules per 85 cm2of leaf surface. The granular formulation ofB. thuringiensiswas found to be more virulent than “Thuricide” formulation onB.

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780040104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractZineb (0.375%) in hot water as a post harvest dip reduced the spoilage due to fungi and delayed the ripening process in Alphonso and Pairi mangoes. Spoilage was minimal when the treatment was given soon after harvest. Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (0.4 %) was also effective in reducing the spoilage in Pairi mangoes although the treatment was delayed until 7 days after harvest. These compounds did not adversely affect the chemical composition or edible quality of the fruit.

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780040105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResults are presented for the determination of organochlorine insecticide residues in imported cereals, nuts, pulses and animal foodstuffs for the 2 year period July 1969 to June 1971. BHC was found in all but four of the 248 samples examined but only in 25 (10%) did the level exceed 0.5 mg/kg. DDT was found in 39% of the samples of which three samples of wheat contained more than 1 mg/kg and two samples of cottonseed cake more than 0.5 mg/kg. The other commodities sampled had less than 0.2 mg/kg. DDE was detected in trace amounts in 26 % of the samples examined.

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780040106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResults are presented for the determination of total bromide residues in cereals and cereal products, pulses, oilseed products, dried fruits, nuts and a variety of other products sampled in Britain during the 3‐year period July 1968 to June 1971. Of the 948 samples examined 801 (84%) contained not more than 100 mg/kg. bromide while only 20 samples (2 %) contained more than 200 mg/kg bromide. The highest residues were found in samples of nuts from India, South Africa and some East African countries and in some animal feedingstuff

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780040107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPolybutyl acrylates were better than other stickers of various celluloses and alginates for retaining microcapsules on surfaces subjected to “rainwashing” tests in the laboratory. Drying periods between rainwashing periods also improved retention. Microcapsules were lost from rainwashed surfaces exponentia

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780040108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEndosulfan residues on alfalfa hay exposed to drying by sunlight, ultraviolet light and air under controlled conditions were investigated using g.l.c. and t.l.c. Maximum loss of total endosulfan and related residues calculated as endosulfan occurred approximately 7 days after application and exposure on Lot 1 (dark) and 5 days on Lot II (ultraviolet light) and 6 days on Lot III (sunlight). Maximum losses of residues on Lot I, Lot II and Lot HI were 48.3, 66.7 and 81.9%, respectively. No endosulfan lactone was detected in any of the samples exposed to the different light treatments. In all Lots the endosulfan sulphate percentage of the total residue increased but most dramatically in the dark drying experiment. The endosulfan a‐hydroxy ether residues increased in Lot III (sunlight) up to day

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780040109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMetal drums of various sizes which had contained a parathion emulsifiable concentrate were found to retain significant amounts of residues after the containers were completely drained. The residual pesticide formulation was removed from the emptied containers by washing with water and organic solvents. Efficient removal of the parathion by water followed by washing with a water‐miscible organic solvent has been demonstrated. It is possible that these washings could be disposed of by combining them into the spray mixture. These procedures suggest a simple and economical way of container decontaminatio

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780040110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFactors affecting the choice of optimum concentration of active ingredient of insecticides used in crop protection sprays are discussed with reference to ultra‐low volume applications against cotton bollworms in Central Afric

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780040111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY