摘要:

AbstractThe depletion of residues of benzolyprop‐ethyl (I) and its hydrolysis productN‐benzoyl‐N‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐DL‐alanine (II) in soils is reported from various trials following applications ofIto soil and crops at up to 3 kg ha−1. Quite rapid hydrolysis ofItoIIoccurred in most soils and depletion ofIIfollowed. The total residue ofIandIIin the soil often initially increased, probably because of transfer of chemical from the crop to the soil, but the time for 50% disappearance of the total residue (I+II) was normally between 4 and 16 weeks. When four sites were treated for three successive years, carry‐over of residues was negligible in three sites and showed no progressive incre

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780130102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSamples of wheat grain and straw have been analysed from trials with the wild oat herbicide benzoylprop‐ethyl (I) in several countries. Following recommended commercial treatments (application of 1.0–1.6 kg ha−1at Feekes growth stage G‐J), total residues ofIand its hydrolysis productN‐benzoyl‐N‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐DL‐ alanine (free and conjugated) were low and in the majority of instances they were<0.01 mg kg−1in samples of grain from the UK, although rather higher residues were detected in some grain samples from other countries. Residues in straw were higher, but normally did not exceed 2 mg kg−1, and were rather variable, possibly as a result of differences i

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780130103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe residues of aldicarb and of its main metabolites (aldoxycarb, 2‐mesyl‐2‐methylpropionitrile, and 2‐mesyl‐2‐methylpropan‐1‐ol) were measured, by a gas‐liquid chromatographic procedure, in the leaves of ripe sugar beet plants from cultures made by several farmers. The sugar beet plants had been grown in normal fields and treated at sowing with aldicarb at the usual rate of 1 kg ha−1in the form of ‘Temik’, the commercial formulation of aldicarb which contains 10% by weight of aldicarb. The samples of sugar beet plants were taken from three fields of different soil types. The residue concentrations, ranged in order of soil type, were: sa

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780130104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSix sulphonyl derivatives of polychlorobenzenes and 15 sulphonyl derivatives of diphenyl ethers were tested as potential algaecides against two species of algae,Chlorella fuscaandAnabaena variabilis. The most algaecidal compounds were the nitrophenyl sulphonylphenyl ethers and the chloronitrophenyl sulphonylphenyl ethers, some of which compared well with the known herbicide nitrofen by the screening method used.

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780130105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of 41 substituted diphenyl ethers (derivatives of nitrofen and chloroxuron) on photosynthesis in isolated spinach chloroplasts has been studied. All the chemicals were found to be inhibitors of non‐cyclic electron transport; the pI50values varied from 3.17 to 7.16 (I50is the molar concentration causing 50% inhibition; pI50= ‐log I50). Based on their structures, the compounds were divided into four groups; for most groups, a correlation between the inhibition of photosynthesis and physicochemical parameters was found. Lipophilicity proved to be the most important parameter; electronic effects did not play a role. Introduction of substituents into the nitrophenyl ring of nitrofen lowered activity considerably. Nitrofen and and chloroxuron analogues seemed to inhibit at different sites in the electron transport chain. A relationship between inhibition of photosynthesis and herbicidal activity was not cl

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780130106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResidues of endosulfan insecticide (α‐ and β‐isomers, and ‘endosulfan sulphate’) in fish and their predators were measured during and after operations to control tsetse fly in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Six ultra‐low‐volume doses of endosulfan 35% e.c. (6–12 g a.i. ha−1) were applied from the air in a period of 12 weeks over 2500 km2. The concentration of residues found in living fish was up to 0.19 mg kg−1wet wt in caudal muscle, and usually<0.8 mg kg−1wet wt in pooled viscera (maximum 2.8 mg kg−1). These values returned to near‐normal within 3 months after cessation of spraying, but residues were still detectable after 12 months. By comparison, fish killed by spraying contained a maximum residue level (whole‐body) of 1.5 mg kg−1wet wt. The residue level in fish was approximately proportional to their fat content. Lean fish were more susceptible to poisoning than fat fish. The proportion of the ‘endosulfan sulphate’ metabolite in fish increased at least six times with respect to the parent isomers (α+β) during the period of spraying, but more advanced stages of metabolic breakdown were not monitored. Residue levels in fish predators (fish‐eating birds and crocodiles) were similar to those in their prey, and

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780130107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe distribution resulting from the drenching of soil with a suspension concentrate of [14C]metazoxolon was studied in the laboratory and the field. Penetration of soil columns was increased by (a) increasing the drench volume from 1 to 7.8 litres m−2, (b) changing the original soil moisture content from air‐dry to field‐capacity, and (c) including 1 % of ‘Renex 30’ surfactant in the drench. Penetration was greatest in soils containing large pores and was reduced when aggregates were broken down by sieving. Leaching the column with 1.56 cm of ‘rain’, 15 h after treatment, did not increase the penetration by metazoxolon. In all experiments, the maximum concentration of metazoxolon occurred in the top 2 cm of soil. Equivalent effects were found when metazoxolon was applied to a poorly‐structured sandy clay lo

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780130108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA simple bioassay technique is described for small, uniformly‐sized droplets of pesticide solutions obtained by use of a microtip spray nozzle. A soluble fluorescent tracer was added to the spraying solution; droplets of the solution were sprayed on leaf discs and counted under a microscope with the aid of an ultraviolet lamp. The technique was used to study the relationships between the number of drops, their size and the dicofol concentration, on the mortality ofTetranychus urticaeeggs. LD50values decreased as the drop size was reduced; the concentration of the pesticide also affected the LD50values. The technique can be used to study the biological efficiency of ultra‐low volume pesticide formulations in the laborat

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780130109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResidue analytical studies are reported on soils from trial sites in the UK and France following applications of flamprop‐isopropyl (I) to growing crops. The analytical procedure developed allowed the determination ofIand its hydrolysis productN‐benzoyl‐N‐(3‐chloro‐4‐fluorophenyl)‐DL‐alanine (II). The residues in the soil often increased during some weeks after application due to transfer ofIfrom the crop to the soil, so that measurement of the initial half‐life ofIin soil was unusually difficult. However, it was probably within the range 4–20 weeks. BothIandIIwere detected in field soils, but neither compound was persistent in soil and normally little or no carry‐over of residues occurred from one season to the next, although greater persistence was fou

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780130110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResidue data are reported for flamprop‐isopropyl (I) in barley grain and straw samples following applications of the herbicide to crops grown in eight countries. The samples were analysed forIand its hydrolysis productN‐benzoyl‐N‐(3‐chloro‐4‐fluorophenyl)‐DL‐alanine (II). Following recommended applications (normally 1 kg ha−1at Feekes scale G‐I/J), residues ofIandIIin the grain were low (90% were<0.02 mg kg−1forI, 86% were<0.06 mg kg−1forII, levels which were essentially the limits of determination). Residues in straw were higher and more variable, but again 63 and 77% of samples were below 1 mg kg

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780130111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY