摘要:

i. 858 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. Physiological Chemistry. Sugar of the Blood and in the Urine in Varying Conditions of Healtb in the Bengali. D. McCsv (Iizdzan J. PIed. Research 1916 4 1-27).-In Bengalis the average percentage of blood sugar is 0.13 as compared with 0.08 in Europeans; the high con- tent is probably due t o an excessive carbohydrate diet. The poor working classes have an average of O*lZS% and in this energetic and lean type administration of large amounts of sugar produces scarcely any increase in the blood sugar the excess being probably all deposited in the liver as glycogen. The fat indolent type of Bengali with 0.15% blood sugar on the other hand has a low sugar tolerance'. The glycogenic functions vary with the in- dividual as also the concentration of the blood sugar which is approximately constant for each person.Changes in the Cholesterol Content of the Blood of Goats following Cholesterol Feeding Alone Treatment with Rontgen Rays Alone and Cholesterol Feeding Combined with Treat- ment with Rontgen Rays and Subsequent Castration. GEORGINE LUDEN ( J . Biol. Chem. 1916 27 273-297).-The results are very indefinite but it appears that feeding with cholesterol leads t o an increase in the cholesterol content of the blood whilst the treat- ment with Rontgen rays diminishes it. Castration also tends to increase the amount of cholesterol in the blood. GI. B. H. W. B. Influence of Ether Anzeathesia on Amino-acids of Blood ~erum. ELLISON L. Ross ( J . BioZ. Client. 1916 27 45-50).-There is a slight diminution of the amount of amino-acids in the blood of dogs after fifteen minutes' anzesthesia which is most marked if the ether is administered a t the time when the content of amino- acids in the blood is a t its maximum about four hours after a protein meal.H W. B.PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. i. 859 The Factors Concerned in the Formation of Thrombin HENRY HALLETT DALE and GEORGE STANLEY WALPOLE (Biochem. J. 1916 10 331-362).-An account is given of experiments in which attempts are made t o prepare the various factors involved in the coagulation of the blood in a state of physiological purity. The following were obtained ( a ) Fibrinogen which contained neither prothrombin nor kinase was obtained from oxalated mammalian plasma by themethod of Bordet and Delage by adsorb- ing the prothrombin by barium sulphate and then precipitating the fibrinogen by half-saturation with sodium chloride.( b ) Pro- thrombin was separated from a mixture of prothrombin and fibrinogen obtained from fowl’s plasma by taking advantage of the fact that i t is soluble in a weaker solution of sodium chloride than is fibrinogen. The method which is described in detail is a modification of that suggested by Mellanby. (6) The kinase was prepared from fowl’s testes. It was found that fresh fowl’s plasma when shaken with chloro- form yields a powerful thrombin; if previously treated with calcium a mixture of prothrombin and kinase is obtained which can often be obtained apart by centrifuging the chloroform from the watery residue. If the treatment with chloroform is continued for some days a kinase is the only clotting factor remaining.A similar formation of kinase and (in the presence of calcium) thrombin occurs when fowl’s plasma is treated with sufficient trypsin and this seems to indicate that the action of chloroform is due t o the liberation of the normal tryptic ferment by the destruction of antitrypsin. A large number of experiments have also been carried out to test Howell’s theory according to which prothrombin is associated with an antithrombin which complex is dissociated by the action of the kinase. The results obtained by the authors fail t o substantiate this theory. S. B. S. Anaphylaxis to the Separated Proteins of Horse-serum. HENRY HALLETT DALE and PERCIVAL HARTLEY (Biochpm. J. 1916 10 408-433).-Each of the three proteins of horse-serum euglobulin $-globulin and albumin can act as an anaphylactic antigen and a guinea-pig which has been sensitised t o one of them is more sensitive t o that than to any other from the same serum; in some cases even the sensitisation appears t o be rigidly specific.The sensitiveness t o the albumin fraction is of later development than that to the globulins in the case of guinea-pigs and it is this fact probably which has caused other observers to miss the sensitising property of the albumin. The difference is specially marked when sensitisation is carried out with serum itself con- taining all three proteins. An effective dose of any of the proteins t o which the plain muscle of the guinea-pig has been sensitised partly or completely de-sensitises i t to the other proteins of the same serum.The crystalline albumins from the egg-white of hens and ducks show no differences in their antigenic properties. S. B. S.i. 860 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. Clinical Calorimetry. XVIII. The Number of Places of Significant Figures in the Data of Metabolism Experiments. FRANK C. GEPHART EUGENE F. DU BOIS and GRAHAM LUSK ( J . Uiol. Ghern. 1916 27 217-223).-1n experimental work on meta- bolism the analytical error is seldom less than 1%. A variation of 1% in the result of an experiment does not change its sigiiifi- cance or affect its interpretation. For these reasons the authors point out that it’ is unnecessary t o publish more than three significant figures in the tables of data thereby saving printer’s ink and facilitating recalculation of the work by other investi- gators.€1. w. B. Feeding Experiments with a Dietary in which Tgrosine is Reduced t o a Minimum. GINZABURO TOTANI (Biochem. J. 1916 10 382-397).-Experiments are described in which attempts are made to separate completely tyrosine from digestion mixtures of caseinogen. The author has not been completely successful in this respect b u t he describes a method by means of which nearly all may be removed. For this purpose the protein is digested first with trypsin and afterwards hydrolysed with acids. Tile almost complete removal of tyrosine from the mixture of amino-acids thus obtained has practically no effect on its uutritive value when tested on young rats. I n the case of gelatin it is found t h a t the hydrolysed product has greater nutrient value than when fed intact to rats as in the latter case it is not well digested.It is possible to obtain a complete substitute for proteins in a diet by hydrolysed gelatin with the addition of certain amino-acids and there is some evidence that the addition of tryptophan alone t o these products will suffice. S. B. S. Feeding Experiments with Kynurenic Acid. CIIUAI ASAYA~LI (Biochcm. J. 1916 10 466472).-Rats were fed on a basal diet containing all the necessary amino-acids except tryptophan. When tryptophan is added to the diet they maintain their normal weight. This is not the case however when tryptophan is replaced by kynurenic acid which does not appear therefore to have any special significance in metabolism.S. B. S. Relation of the Unidentified Dietary Factors the Fat- soluble A and Water-soluble B of the Diet ta *he Growth- promoting Properties of Milk E. V. MCCOLLUM N. SIMNONDS and W. PITZ ( J . BioZ. Chem. 1916 27 33-43. Compare McCollum and Davis this vol. i 184).-The authors have studied the effect on the growth of young rats of the withdrawal of the accessory factors designated fat-soluble A and water-soluble 2? from the diet of the mother. I n all cases the young may continue t o thrive for a short time a t the expense of the tissues of the mother but soon growth ceases and is only resumed when the missing factors are added to the mother’s diet. Apparently the maternal organism is unable t o synthesise these substances which are essential for the well-being of the offspring.13. W. B.PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. i. 861 Certain Dietary Conditions bearing on the Problem of Growth in Rats. C,isniIn FUNK and JOSEPH POKLOP ( J . Bzol. CIicnz. 1916 27 1-14. Coxipare this vol. i 696).-Rats thrive and grow well on n diet of oats bread condensed milk and yeast. An equivalent amount of milk may be substituted for the yeast but the growth is not then so rapid. Orange juice cannot replace tlie yeast. Ozts in coil junction with sodium hydrogen carbonate or alone is an inadequate food for young rats. H. W. B. Nutritive Properties of Maize. ALBERT G. HOGAX ( J . Biol. (,'hem. 1916 27 193-208j.-Rats on a maize diet grow more rapidly when the grain is supplemented with salts than with addi- tional protein. I n the case of pigs additional protein is more beiieficial than additional salts.The author suggests t h a t maize is deficient in vitamines although they are present in sufficient) amount t o maintain iiorinal growth in pigs. A n adequate supple- mented maize diet beconies inadequate after heating in an auto- clave for a few hours a t a high temperature. H. W. B. Cotton-seed Meal as an Incomplete Food. C. A. WELLS and P. V. EWING ( J . BioZ. Che/i/. 1916 27 15-25).-The authors consider that the detrimental effect on the growth of the pig of tlie inclusion of cotton-seed meal in the diet is due largely to a deficiency of vitamines i n tlie food. When this deficiency is removed by tlie addition of milk to the diet the injurious action of tlie cotton-seed meal becomes relatively insignificant.H. W. B. Growth. 111. Comparative Value of Lard and Butter Fat in Growth. CASIMIR FUNK and ARCHIBALD BRUCE MACALLUM ( J . Bid. CJie/rc. 1916 27 51-62. Compare this vol. i 184).-Tlie growth of rats is not maintained on a lard and dried yeast diet. Substitution of iiioist yeast for the dry material increases the efficiency of the diet wliicli can be still further improved by replac- ing the lard by butter. Even in the latter case tlie existing defi- ciencies are not entirely corrected since niany rats decline on this diet. Rats wliich fail on lard do not always recover on a diet containing bixtter. It appears t h a t yeast probably on account of its liigh content of purines is not an ideal addition in experi- ments of long duration in spite of its marked growth-promoting power.H. W. B. Growth. IV. Action of Yeast Fractions on the Growth of Rats. CASIMIR FUNK and ARCHIBALD BRUCE MACALLubI (J. Biol. Ckem. 1916 27 63-70).-When extracts of yeast are treated with pliosphotungstic acid tlie growth-promoting substance is carried down with the precipitate and thereby a large part of its activity is lost. The subsequent removal of the purines by frac- tionation with silver sslts is attended with almost complete loss of growth-promoting power. It appears t h a t considerably larger quantities of vitamines are necessary for stimulating growth thani. 862 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. for curing beri-beri and the substance or substances concerned in the former case are less stable and more easily destroyed during fractionation than those concerned in the latter.H. W. B. Nutritive Value of Yeast Polished Rice and White Bread as Determined by Experiments on Man. CASIMIR FUNK W. G. LYLE and DONALD MCCASKEY with JOSEPH CASPE and JOSEPH POKLOP ( J . Bid. Chem. 1916 27 173-191).-Experiments on four men are described in which the chief source of protein in the diet for fourteen days was yeast whilst in the following ten t o fourteen days the diet consisted chiefly of rice and bread. Yeast is badly absorbed and assimilated and its high content of purines leads to a considerable rise of uric acid in the blood and urine. A large part of the yeast nitrogen is apparently un- utilised so t h a t the amount of nitrogen which is fully adequate in the form of rice and bread to maintain nitrogenous equilibrium is insufficient when yeast is e'mployed.I n the cases described a positive nitrogen balance was seldom obtained even after the administration of an extra proportion of vitamine in the forin of an extract of autolysed yeast. The authors hesitate to declare that yeast possesses no value in dietetics but state t h a t it cannot he recommended as a sole source of protein. H. W. B. Isolation of a Growth-producing Substance from the Pan- creas of the Sheep. WALTER H. EDDY (J. Bzol. Chem. 1916 27 113-126).-The addition of the water-soluble portion of an alco- holic extract of pancreas to a diet which by itself is inadequate t o maintain the life of rats is followed usually by marked growth of the animals. The growth-producing substance is not an amino- acid but is precipitated by phosphotungstic acid and can be removed from its aqueous solution without loss of activity by treat- ment with Lloyd's reagent (colloidal .aluminium silicate).H. W. B. The Chemistry of the Vitamines. ROBERT R. WILLIAMS (Philippine J . Sci. 1916 [A] 11 49-57. Compare this vol. i 770).-Attempts were niade to isolate vitamine as a pure chemical individual but without success. A detailed description is given of the method employed for the isolation of a concentrated vitamine preparation from rice polishings. The method is essen- tially that used by Funk and it yielded 0-2-0.25 gram of curative substance from 25 kilos. of polishings. The curative properties of the follqwing synthetic products were also tested by feeding to neuritic fowls per 0s Nicotinic acid 2)-hydroxynicotinic acid methyl nicotinate hydrochloride and trigonelline. Little or but temporary improvement was observed in any of the cases.An inner condensation product of hydroxynicotinic acid prepared by the action of phosphoric oxide caused in 0.1 gram doses consider- able improvement in two cases and an apparent cure in a third. G . F. M.PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. i . 863 Tb e Pigmentary Composition of Hepatochlorophyll. CH. D H ~ R ~ and G. VEGEZZI (Compt. rend. 1916 163 399-401).-The authors have isolated t k e different pigments contained in t h e hepatochlorophyll of the liver of Helix pomatia by using Tsvett’s method of chromatographic analysis by adsorption. This hepato- chlorophyll has the same pigmentary composition as the “ crude chlorophyll” obtained from green leaves.It consists of a mixture of u- and P-chlorophyllans carotin and xanthophyll. All these pigments wer4 isolated in a state of optical purity this being the first time t h a t P-chlorophyllan has been found in the animal king- dom. TJie origin of the hepatochlorophyll is due to a chlorophyll introduced in tlie form of plant food (compare MacMul111 Phil. Trans. 1900 193 1). ARTHUR L. TATUM ( J . H i d . Chem. 1916 27 243-248).-When small blocks of animal tissues are placed in bile and allowed to remain in an incubator for two to four hours marked autolysis of the peripheral portions occurs resulting in the’ disappearance of tlie cytoplasm. This rapid cyto- lysis is due to the activating action of the constituents of bile on the autolytic enzymes present in the tissue cells.It does not occur when the block of tissue is boiled before being placed in the bile. Boiled bile is as efficient as fresh bile and the isolated bile salts exert a similar action although not so powerful as that exerted by the who10 bile. The maximum effects of bile or bile’ salts are many times greater than the effects of the optimum concentration of acids on autolysis (compare Bradley A. 1915 i 1028). JV. G. Influence of Bile on Autolysis. H. W. B. Vital Dehydrogenation of Succinic Acid in Absence of Oxygen. T. THUNBERG (Chem. Zecritr. 1916 ii 53 ; from Zeiztr. Yhysiol. 1916 31 91-93).-According t o Battelli and Stern (A. 1911 ii 132) succinic acid is reduced by animal organs the pro- duct being according to Einbeck (A.1914 i 773) fumaric acid. The action appears to be one of dehydrogenation proceeding with- out actual oxidation in presence of a suitable acceptor for the hydrogen (compare Wieland A. 1913 i 1304). Wasted muscle was shaken with methylene-blue solution and potassium succinate at 40° after removal of the oxygen in a vacuum; the solution becomes decolorised whereas in a check experiment with no SUC- cinate no change occurs. Instead of Battelli and Stern’s name “ succinoxydon,” for the enzyme active in this process the author proposes therefore the name succinodehydrase. It is noteworthy t h a t potassium cyanide which in extreme dilutions completely prevents the vital oxidation of succinic acid does not hinder the decolorisstion of methylene-blue in the above experiment.T. H. P. Physiological Relation of the Carotin Pigments of Plants to those of the Cow Horse Sheep Goat Pig and Hen. LEROY S. PALMER ( J . Biol. Chem. 1916 27 27-32. Compare this vol. i 186).-The blood of animals with pigmented body-fat always contains carotin. I n the cases of the cow and horse the carotin isi. 864 ABSTRACTS OE" CHEMICAL PAPERS. in combination with albumin in the blood whereas in the hen it is in a free state. The goat sheep and pig the body-fats of which are colourless carry only traces of carotin in the blood even wlien the diet contains relatively large amounts of carotin. Apparently the carotin in these animals fails to be absorbed from the' intestine. The Proteins of the Colostrum and Milk of the Cow and their Relations to Serum Proteins.CHARLES CROWTHER and HAROLD RAISTRICK (Biocl~~rri. J. 1916 10 434-452).-The methods for isolation of the proteins are described. They were analysed by the method of van Slyke. It was found that casein- ogen total lactoglobulin and lactalbumin are sharply differentiated and distinct proteins and have the same composition whether prepared from colostrum or milk. Milk contains a globulin in small quantities (0.03%). Eulactoglobulin and q-lactoglobulin are identical as regards the protein part of their molecule. The lacto- globulin apgears to be identical with the serum-globulin of ox-blood whilst lactalbumin is not identical in composition with the corresponding serum-albumin. S. B. S. H. W. B. Volume of Urine in Young Healthy Adults on a Constant Diet.T. ADDIS and C. K. WATANABE ( J . Biol. Clzcm. 1916 27 267-272).-The volume of urine passed by normal individuals on a constant diet with the same water intake is extremely variable for any single day or part of a day. Alterations in the Output of Certain Urinary Constituents as Determined by Changes in the Character of the Diet. FRANK P. UNDERHILL and L. JEAN BOGERT (J. Bid. Chem. 1916 27 161-168).-0n a diet of maize and oats the output of phos- phorus in the urine of rabbits is far in excess of the intake of this element in the food. Since the hydrion concentration of the urine is very high in these circumstances the great excess of phos- phoric acid in the urine is regarded as an indication of the method of regulating the acid-base equilibrium in the body of the rabbit.The elimination of ammonia and of calcium under changing conditions of diet is very variable. Rate of Excretion of Urea. 11. Rate of Excretion of Administered Ureain Young Healthy Adults on a Constant Diet. T. ADDIS and (7. K. WATANABE (J. Biol. Chem. 1916 27 249-266. Compare this vol. i 352).-The rate of excretion of administered urea bears a constant relationship to the actual amount of administered urea within the body. The normal kidney under constant conditions possesses therefore a high degree of constancy of function. The repetition of large doses of urea does not elicit the condition knolwn as 'kidney fatigue.' A fraction of the administered urea remains in the body after twenty-four hours. This retention of urea is not due to failure of kidney function because the amount retained after a 40-gram dose is not greater than that retained after a 20-gram dose of urea.H. W. B. H. W. B. 'H. W. B.PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. i. 865 The Influence of Flesh Feeding on Urinary Creatinine. DAVID BURNS and JOHN BOYD ORR (Biochem. J. 1916 10 495-503).-The ingestion of flesh causes an increased excretion of creatinine and generally the appearance of creatine in the urine. The amount of increase is not however proportional t o the amount of flesh taken. Although cooking increases the amount of creatinine in flesh the ingestion of cooked meat does not cause a larger increase of urinary creatinine than does the uncooked. Pure creatine administered per 0s is only tp. a slight extent eliminated as such and does not markedly alter the creatinine excretion.S. B. S. Creatine Metabolism. I. Possible Inter-relations between Acidosis and Greatine Formation. FRANK P. UNDERHXLL ( J . Biol. Chem. 1916 27 127-139).-The author suggests that the appearance of creatine in urine which accompanies abnormal carbohydrate metabolism may be due to the acidosis which is a concomitant feature of the condition. The withdrawal of carbo- hydrate from the diet leads to acidosis and also to the elimination of urinary creatine. Certain foods such as oats and maize when given to rabbits produce a marked condition of acidosis as measured by the hydrion . concentration of the urine. The author finds that in these circumstances on a diet containing an adequate supply of carbohydrates creatine promptly appears in the urine of the rabbit.If now a base-producing food such as carrots is substituted f o r the oats and maize creatine disappears from the urine as it becomes alkaline. The addition of hydrochloric acid to a diet on which the urine of the rabbit remains free from creatine also leads .to the appearance of significant quantities of creatine. The author draws the conclusion that a connexion exists between acidosis and creatine elimination. H. W. B. Cwatine Metabolism. 11. Influence of Alkali on Creatire Elimination During Inanition. FRANK P. UNDERHXLL (J. Bio7 Chern. 1916 27 141-146. Compare preceding abstract).-The subcutaneous injection of a solution of sodium hydroxide into fast- ing rabbits greatly diminishes or completely abolishes the associated creatinuria. The effect of the introduction of the alkali is not so marked in the later stages of inanition.Creatine Metaboliam. 111. Influence of Alkali on t h e Creatinuria of Phloridzin Glycosuria. FRANK P. UNDERHILL and EMIL J. BAUMANN ( J . Biol. Chem. 1916 27 147-150. Compare preceding abstract) .-The administration of sodium hydrogen carbonate in gelatin capsules to phloridzinised dogs does not reduce the elimination of creatine. The author draws the conclusion that in this condition the tendency f o r acid production is too great to be controlled by administration of alkali. Creatine Metabolism. IV. Relationship of I Creatinuria to Carbohydrate Metabolism and Acidosis. FRANK P. UNDERHILL and EMIL J. BAUMANN ( J . Biol. Chem. 1916 27 151-160.Com- pare preceding abstracts).-The creatinuria induced by the sub- VOL. CX. i. 0 0 H. W. B. H. W. B.i. 866 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. cutaneous administration of hydrazine to dogs is associated with hypoglymmia and marked alkalinity of the urine. The author draws the conclusion that although creatine may appear in the urine during states of acidosis (Zoc. cit.) creatinuria may also be present in the absence of acidosis when the utilisation of carbo- hydrates in the body is interfered with in the manner occurring after the administration of hydrazine (compare Underhill and Hogan A. 1915 i 475). H. W. B. Ii:Creatinuria in Children. FRANK POWIS and HENRY STANLEY RAPER (Biochem. J . 1916 10 363-375).-It was found in a normal boy two and a-half t o three years of age that the rate of excretion of creatinine is slightly less during the night than during the day.The rate of excretion of creatine is highest during the morning less during the later part of the day and very small a t night. If 0.1 gram of creatine is given at the beginning of the morning most of it is excreted in the following twelve hours but if the same amount is given at bed-time there is no increase in creatine excretion. The higher excretion of creatine during the day is not due to acidosis as the percentage of total nitrogen present in the urine as ammonia is less during the day than during the night. S. B. S. The Distribution of Nitrogen in the Proteins of Tumours and of Normal Tissues. JACK CECIL DRUMMOND (Biochem. J. 1916 10 473494).-Details are given of a large number of analyses of tumours and normal tissues by the van Slyke method.The tumours included a considerable number of human origin and also Rous tumours of chicken. The results indicate that the diamino-acid c,ontent of a tissue varies with the amount of nuclear material present ; the more rapidly growing and cellular tumours show therefore a higher content of these substances than do the slowly growing ones. There is no evidence from the analysis of the proteins of malignant tumours that the hexone bases are responsible for an increased rate of cell division. S. B. S. The Cause of Leeaened Production of Indole in Media con- taining Dextrose. ANNIE HOMER ( J . Hygiene 1916 15 401-404). -It is suggested that the1 sugar as aldehyde forms a compound with tryptophan which is less readily attacked than tryptophan itself.G. B. The Action of Hgpochlorites and Allied Substances on Proteins and their Behaviour on Injection. THOMAS HUGH MILROY (Biochem. J. 1916 10 453-465).-The loss of available chlorine when solutions of magnesium hypochlorite and chlor- amineT (sodio-ptoquenesulpho-chloroamide) are treated with serum proteins amino-acids etc. was investigated. It was found that there was a marked difference between the behaviour of the hypochlorites and the chloramine. The former acted very readilyPHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 4 i. 867 on proteins until only 10% of the available chlorine was left in the solution after which the action was slow. The loss of available chlorine from chloramine solutions was much slower and the rate is much more dependent on the amount of serum added varying directly with this amount.It is suggested that for these reasons the hypochlorites owing to their more rapid initial action may be of greater value for primary disinfection of wounds and result in a more efficient penet.ration and oxidation of necrosed material whereas where longer intervals elapse between dressings of the wounds solutions of chloramine would be an advantage. The effects of hypochlorites and chloramine on the blood cor- puscles and blood pressure in animals were also investigated. They muse laking and lowering of blood-pressure the effect of chlor- amine on the lattzr factor beinq greater than that of hypochlorites. It is inadvisable to inject chloramine in concentrations greater than 0.2%.No hzemolysis results from such an injectl'on when t'he chloramine concentration is not raised above 1/1200. S. B. S. The Four Carbon Atom Acidu of Diabetic Urine. WILLIAM HOLDSWORTH HURTLEY (Quart. J . Med. 1916 9 301-408).- Mainly clinical and dietetic with an extensive review of the literature and bibliography. Hexose-phosphoric acid of Harden and Young was administered in some cases; it probably has a slight effect in diminishing the output of sugar in the urine. It is suggested that the toxicity of acetoacetic acid and that of salicylic acid is due to the grouping HO-C= CH YH :CH *E*OH CH,*E-OH CE:CH*C*CO,H H*C*CO,H' and G. B. Physiological Action of Acetoacetic Acid and Related Substances. W. H. HURTLEY and J. W. TREVAN (Proc.Physiol. SOC. July 15th 1916; J . Physiol. 50).-In connexion with the hypothesis of the preceding abstract the physiological actions of ethyl and sodium acetoacetate of acetylacetone and of sodium salicylate have been investigated. I n intact animals acetylacetone produces symptoms of diabetic coma. I n decerebrate animals liyper- pnaea is produced with the mid-brain intact apncea if the latter is destroyed. G. B. General Reaction of Amino-acids in the Animal Organism Decomposition of Proteins and Formation of Carbamide. DOMENICO Lo MONACO (Chem. Zentr. 1916 ii 22; from Arch. Farm. sperim. 1916 21 121-128).-According to Schmiedeberg's theory carbamide is formed in the organism from ammonium carbonate of which the components ammonia and carbon dioxide must arise from scission of proteins.The latter give such com- ponents outside of the ormanism under the influence of artificial and natural catalysts buf their formation in the normal animal organism has not previously been observed. 0 0 2i. 868 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. The author now shows that the amount of ammonia in the urine is increased by subcutaneous injection or even more markedly by ingestion of amino-acids. It has not been found possible to measure exactly the extent of this increase since the1 latter is augmented by rest and lowered by movement of the body. Alanine glycine phenylalanine and phenol alone and also in conjunction with alanine or lelucine were examined subcutaneously and phenylalanine zein and dry egg-albumin by ingestion. The ammonia-content of the urine is increased most by phenylalanine; the assumption that this is caused by a special action of the phenyl residue on the stability of the molecule is indicated by the results of the experiments with phenol.Consequently substances rich in this group do not appear well fitted for nutriment. The proteins yielding much phenyl- alanins on hydrolysis include zein which increases considerably the excretion of ammonia in the urine. The corresponding low value of zein may serve1 t o explain the phenomena accompanying nutri- tion with maize alone'. T. H. P. Toxicity of Garotin. H. GIDEON WELLS and 0. F. HEDENBURU (J. Biol. Chem. 1916 27 213-216).-The authors have investi- gated the physiological action of carotin and chlorinated carotin the pigments occurring in ordinary flour and bleached flour respec- tively.Intraperitoneal injection of large quantities of either pig- ment into guinea pigs does not produce any toxic effect even when the dose is as much as the amount normally contained in 200 kilos. of flour. Similar results after subcutaneous injections indicate that carotin whether in its natural state o r saturated with chlorine is entirely devoid of toxicity. H. W. B. Some Experiments on Qlyoxaline Derivatives. GEORGE BARGER and HENRY DRYSDALE DAKIN (Biochem. J. 1916 10 376-381).- (1) Glyoxalinealdehyde was administered to a dog. Glyoxaline- carboxylic acid could be isolated from the urine subsequently excreted. This conversion of the glyoxalinealdehyde into the above- mentioned acid is analogous to the formation of pyromucic acid in the body from furfuraldehyde as observed by Jaff6 and Cohn.(2) When glyoxalinealdehyde is warmed with malonic acid in aqueous solution a condensation product is readily formed without the addition of a catalyst according to the equation NH-RH CHQN-c.CB:C(C0,H)2 + H,O Glyoxalinemethylenemalonic acid thus obtained has m. p. 214O. All attempts to prepare urocanic acid from this by heating have failed. (3) An attempt was made t o prepare glyoxalineacetaldehyde by heating a-hydroxy-P-glyoxalinepropionic acid with sulphuric acid. The chief reaction takes place however according to the equation 2C,H80,N = C,,H,N + 2CO + 4H,O. The base formed crystallisesVEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE. i. 869 with 1H,O from hot water in which it is only sparingly soluble. The anhydrous base has m. p. 235-238O. Its nitrate is only slightly soluble in water. S. B. S. Intravenous Injection of Sodium Gynmardete in Leprosy. LEONARD ROGERS (Bm't. Med. J. 1916 ii 550-552. Compare T. 1904 85 838 851).-The fraction of lower melting point (up to 40°) of the fatty acids of chaulmoogra oil from the seeds of Tarak- togenos kurzii is the most useful in treatment of leprosy. This so-called gynocardic acid is best given intravenously as sodium salt. The fraction of m. p. 40'8-43O with sodium salts scarcely soluble in water contains chaulmoogric acid which is unsuitable for injection and probably therapeutically useless. Inter-relations of Blood-fat and Blood-sugar Content of Doge under the Influence of Hydrazine. FRANK P. UNDERHILL and EMIL J. BAUMANN ( J . Biol. Ghem. 1916 27 169-172).-After the administration of hydrazine to dogs the fat in the blood is markedly increased the maximum being coincident with the con- G. B. dition o j hypoglykmia characteristic OF hydrazine poisoning. H. W. B. Phenylethylhydantoin (Nirvanol) a New Hypnotic and Sedative. E. WERNECKE (Deut. med. Woch. 191 6 42 1 193-1 194). -y y-Phe(nylethy1hydantoin dissolves in 1650 parts of cold and in 110 parts of hot water in 20 parts of spirit; it has a hypnotic action of about the same intensity as phenylethylbarbituric acid (luminal) but is distinctly less toxic. Its hypnotic action is greater than that of diethylbarbituric acid (veronal). G. B.

ISSN:0368-1769    

DOI:10.1039/CA9161000858

出版商:RSC    

年代:1916

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE. i. 869 Chemistry of Vegetable Physiology and Agriculture. Vital Stains with the Simplest Dyes and their Fixatior SIEGFRIED SKRAUP (Ber. 1916 49 2142-2154).-The author h a applied a large number of dyes principally of simpler types t o the staining of protoplasm in living organisms such as ameba paramecium and actinosphzrium and finds that there is no specific chemical factor which controls the union of the protoplasm with the dye. The governing consideration is the colloidal nature of the dye for within the limits of any particular group of dyes the more diffuse dye is the less powerful as a stain. The modern views that dyeing is merely an adsorption phenomenon are there- fore held by the author. The dispersoid nature of a dye is vitally influenced by its chemicaI constitution and can also be modified by the addition of an appropriate salt.Neat differentiations of thei. 870 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. staining by a somewhat diffuse dye can therefore be achieved by the addition of different salts. It is also found that any vital stain can be fixed if the dye forms a tolerably insoluble compound with the fixing agent. Thus basic dyes can be fixed by mercuric chloride' and phenolic dyes by lead acetate facts which are of practical interest t o pathologists and biologists. J. C. W. Action of Sulphur and Calcium Sulphate on Certain Higher and Lower Forms of Plante. WALTER PITZ (Bzed. Zentr. 1916 45 393-394; from J . Agric. Research 1916 5 771).-Calcium sulphate added t o soil had no appreciable action on bacteria in agar-agar cultures and there was no appreciable increase in the production of ammonia and nitrates.Large amounts of sulphur decreased the number of bacteria on agar plates and u p to 0.05% increased ammonia production whilst the production of nitrates was retarded. Calcium sulphate (0*01-0*1%) promotes the growth of red clover bacteria in nutritive solutions; the same amounts. also increase the growth of the roots of red clover. The yield of red clover and the number of root-nodules is increased by small amounts of calcium sulp hate. On a sandy loam soil applications of 0.01% of sulphur slightly increased the yield of red clover without however influelicing the development of roots and root-nodules. Similar results were obtained with larger amounts of sulphur.N. H. J. M. Nutrition of Yeast with Glycerol ; also with other Alcohols. TH. BOKORNY (Chem. Zentr. 1916 i 1174-1175; from AZZg. Brau. Hopf.-Zeit. 56 177-180 195-196).-Glycerol is able to supply yeast with its carbonaceous nutriment and acts best in presence of sugar since otherwise putref active organisms grow readily in the medium. This result is in contradiction to the con- clusion drawn by Ehrlich. Experiments have been made on the nutrition of yeast with the combinations tyrosine-glycerol-sugar and tyrosine-sugar peptone-glycerol-sugar and peptone-sugar and also others in which asparagine leucine aspartic acid glycine glutamic acid and carbamide were used in all cases in presence of sugar. The results obtained show that tyrosine is a source of nitrogen for beer-yeast! and that glycerol in the combination glycerol-asparagine furnishes the yeast with carbon although with glycerol-tyrosine this is doubtful. With the other nitrogen com- pounds mentioned above the yeast shows a greater increase in the amount of dry matter in presence of glycerol than in its absence. Ethylene glycol methyl ethyl propyl amyl and benzyl alcohols phenol and catechol do not serve as sources of carbon in the nutri- tion of yeast.Quinol in 0.05% concentration allows of the growth of moulds but not of yeast and the latter cannot be cultivated in gallic acid or pyrogallol solution; 0.01% of cresol or xylenol is poisonous to yeast T. H. P.VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOUY AND AURICULTURE. i. 871 Sensitivenese of Certain Beer-yeast Enzymes.TH. BOHORNY (Chen. Zentr. 1916 i 1261-1263 ; from Allg. Brau. Hopf.-Zeit. 56 395-397 433-434 465-468).-The author has investigated the effect of a large number of reagents on the action of the follow- ing enzymes occurring in yeast invertase maltase zymase rennin and myrosin. Even when allowed to act on yeast for several days absolute alcohol does not injure the invertase provided that it is removed prior to the examination of the inverting capacity of the yeast. The opposite result obtained by Hudson and Paine (A. 1910 i 798) is explained by the high temperature (30O) used by these authors in their experiments and by the non-removal of the alcohol. Zymase and yeast are destroyed by 50% alcohol. Yeast-rennin is one of the heat-resistant enzymes.For the many other results obtained reference must be made t o the original. T. H. P. The Evolution of Oxygen Arising from the Reductibn of Nitrates by Green Plants MARIN MOLLIARD (Compt. rend. 19 16 163 371-373).-Comparative tests on growing radishes in sealed flasks fitted with a manometer and containing culture solutions differing only in the form of nitrogen supplied ammonium chloride in one case and potassium nitrate in the other indicate that with the potassium nitrate for every atom of nitrogen fixed two atoms of oxygen are liberated. W. G. Mechanism of Abeorption of Salt8 in Plantg. E. PANTANELLI (Rend. Accad. Sci. Fis. Mat. Napoli 1915 [iii] 21 55-63).-The author has made extensive series of experiments on the absorption of many different salts from their solutions by fresh-water plants terrestrial plants yeast and marine alg2.The last two classes of organisms were totally immersed in the solutions whilst only the roots of the land plants were immersed after the plants had been reared in nutrient solutions. The principal results obtained are briefly as follows. I n various cases the two ions of a salt are absorbed proportion- ally the absorption being apparently one of undissociated mole- cules. I n all such cases however either the salt contains a toxic ion which alters o r tends to alter the osmotic properties of the plasma as is shown by the subsequent behaviour of the same cells towards plasmolytic agents towards the penetration of dy& etc. or both ions have nutrient properties or both have toxic or un- f avourable properties.That the proportional absorption of the ions in even these rare instances is accidental is shown by the fact that the same ions in the same salts are absorbed by some plants in equivalent proportions whereas by other plants or even by the same plants under different external or internal conditions they are absorbed in proportions quite different from those correspond- ing with undissociated molecules. I n some cases the cation and in others the anion is absorbed the more in accordance with the preference which each species of plant exhibits. Comparison is drawn between the results obtained with two saltsi. 872 ABSTRAOTS OF CHEMIUAL PAPERS. having one common ion whilst the other ion is harmful in one case and although similar nutrient or useful in the other for instance with barium and calcium chlorides lithium and potassiixm nitrates ammonium and potassium sulphates zinc and magnesium sulphates potassium arsenate and phosphate.I n most caws there is complete independence in the absorption of the two ions the useful cation penetrating with the same rapidity in presence of a nutrient anion as if accompanied by a poisonous anion; Ihe latter however remains outside whereas the nutrient anion enters the plant in large amount. Similar relations govern the behaviour of a useful anion towards nutrient and harmful cations. I n a few instances the absorption of a nutrient cation was found to be restricted by the presence of a harmful anion and vice versa but the various organisms examined do not show uniform behaviour in this respect.No case has been observed in which the absorp- tion of a toxic ion is facilitated by an accompanying nutrient ion. The influence of narcotics on this absorption has also been studied. As a rule cells slightly narcotised (with 0.05% chloral hydrate solution) absorb less cation but cases are not rare with poisonous cations where the narcotised cells show increased absorp- tion. Similar observations have been made for anions and it would appear that the explanation of the phenomena of antagonism between salts and anzsthetics advanced by various authors is not supported experimentally but further examination of this point is necessary. The principal result of the author’s tests in this direction is that chloral (or chloroform or ether) exerts unequal influences on the absorptions of the two ions of one and the same salt as regards not merely the magnitude but also the sense of the variation.Since nutrient ions are absorbed less and adverse ions more in presence of a narcotic proportional absorption of the two ions that is apparent absorption of the whole molecule may occur more easily with narcotised cells than with cells in full possession of the selective faculty. During the initial stages of the growth of plants in these salt solutions increase of acidity or alkalinity of the external solution occurs in consequence of the predominating absorption of one of the two ions. After some hours or maybe days the cell exhibits the power to develop in the liquid a more favourable degree of acidity this being attained by the excretion of other ions; this effect is most marked with the marine alga.Whilst those ions which readily enter the cells do so with such rapidity that the concentration inside may exceed that outside after a few moments those showing the opposite behaviour do not as a rule reach a state of equilibrium except in those cases where they are supplied in toxic concentration and alter completely the osmotic properties of the plasma. Further the absorption of ions of the first type is not continuous but resembles the damped vibration of a pendulum a large and vigorous absorption being followed by a partial. excretion of the same ion and then by a second smaller absorption and an excretion and so on these pro- cesses being repeated until a ciefinite proportion is establishedVEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE.i. 873 between the internal and external concentrations of the particular ions. The curves connecting the proportion of ion absorbed under similar conditions with the concentration are typical adsorption isotherms for all ions although the curves for the two ions of a salt do not coincide and vary with the specific organism and with other factors. The relative diminution of the absorption begins to become apparent when the concentration approaches the toxic strength for poisonous ions and the plasmolytic limit for non-toxic ions. If the concentration is increased still further the relative absorption increases rapidly giving a second curve which also follows the laws of adsorption but the penetration of the ions under these conditions is evidently not a physiological phenomenon but is due to alteration of the protoplasm (compare Lavison A.1910 ii 1100). As regards the mechanism of these processes the conclusion is drawn that the absorption of salts insoluble in the lipoids is possible only in so far as these salts are dissociated. The absorption is facilitated by the presence of H’ or OH’ ions in the external solu- tion or in the plasma the adsorption potential a t the limiting surface being thereby increased. Confirmation is obtained of the independence of the absorption of water from that of the ions present in it cellular colloids thus exhibiting the property of negative adsorption. T. H. P. Permeability of Living Cells to Acids and Alkalis.A. R. HAAS (J. Biol. Chem. 1916 27 225-232. Compare Crozier this vol. i 694) .-The author has investigated the penetration of acids and alkalis by means of natural indicators contained in the petals of Browrzllia speciosa and of Pelargonium the perianth of “Queen of the Blue” hyacinth and the root of the red radish. It is found that the relative rate of penetration of the hydrogen ion in N/100- solutions (made by titration) of acids and alkalis is practically the same in the plants studied as that found in the case of animal tissues (loc. cit.). When however the solutions are prepared with a hydrogen ion concentration of N/lOO (by the use of the gas chain) very different results are obtained depending partly on the dissociation of the acids concerned. The concentration of the hydrogen or hydroxyl ion is not therefore the only factor govern- ing penetration.H. W. B. Acidity of Plant Cells as ehown by Natural Indicators. A. R. HAAS ( J . Biol. Chem. 1916 27 233-241).-The hydrion concentration in pigmented plant cells is estimated by adding aqueous or alcoholic extracts of the plant tissues t o buffer solutions of known hydrion concentration and ascertaining in which solution the natural colour remains unchanged. The results clearly indicate that the reaction of the cell sap is usually acid. Even cells con- taining blue pigments are usually acid although in some cases a neutral t o very slightly alkaline reaction was obtained. As thei. 874 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. cell dies a considerable change in the hydrion concentration may occur which is revealed by a change in the colour of the petal or other plant tissue.H. W. B. The Constituents of Wood which give Colour Reactions. H. WICHELHAUS and M. LANGE (Uer. 1916 49 2OOl).-If wood is submitted to a current of steam a t 180° hydrolytic products which give the well-known colour reactions with phloroglucinol and hydrochloric acid are found in the distillate. It is proposed to investigate these (compare Grafe A. 1905 i 22). J. C. W. Applied Plant Microchemiatry. XII. Microchemiatry of Gen- tisin and of the Yellow Golouring Matter in Frasera oarolinenaia. 0. TUNMANN (Chern. Zetitr. 1916 ii 65-66; from Apoth. Zeit. 1916 31 181-182 189-190).-For the identification of gentisin the microcrystalline forms of the latter and of its alkali salts and of the compounds obtained with (1) sulphuric and nitric acids and (2) bromoacetic acid are employed; a sublimate is better for this purpose than separate crystals of gentisin. These reactions have been used to examine the distribution of gentisin in the different organs of the gentians and of Frasern carolinensis.The flowers of Gentiana puptirea-pun ctata contain in relatively large proportion a new compound which sublimes a t about 180° in colourless flat prismatic bars and plates and is probably a higher aliphatic alcohol. The yellow colouring matters of Frasera carolinensis may be sublimed undecomposed directly from the different parts of the plant. I n the root these colouring matters occur in the paren- chyma and in the calyx and corolla in the epidermis and meso- phyll; in the seeds they occur regularly and in large quantity in every cell of the plumule.From the crystalline forms of various derivatives which have been obtained. the conclusion is drawn that three different colouring matters qccur one of them only in traces. T. H. P. [The 011 of] Hydnocarpus Venenats Gaertner. False Chaul- moogra [Oil]. HARVEY C. BRILL (Phikippine J. Sci. 1916 11 t-41 75-80).-The oil of Hydnocarps uenenata 'has the following constants m. p. 20° D30° 0.948 nD 1.477 [a] 52.03O. Iodine number 99.1 acid ' number 4.4 saponification number 200.3. Chaulmoogric acid C17H3,C0,H and hydnocarpic acid are present in addition to a cyanogenetic glucoside. Its chemical composition and constants are therefore similar to those of the oils of H .wightiana H. anthelminticus and Taraktogenos Lurzii the'latter of which is the true chaulmoogra oil and their physio- logical properties should accordingly be identical. The properties of the oil of Gynocardia odorata may be different according to whether the physiological activity is due to the unsaturated acids present in the hydnocarpus oils or to the glucoside present in all the oils. G. F. M. C15H27=COZH,VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE. i. 875 Nitrogen Compounds of Mulberry Leavt s. YETSUO KATAYAMA (Bull. Zmp. Sericult. Exper. Stat. Nakano Tokyo 1916 1 1-30). -From 1 kilo. of the dried leaves the following amounts of the various nitrogen compounds were obtained glycine 0.06 ; alanine 1.0 ; valine 0-47 ; leucine 0.60 ; proline 0.05 ; aspartic acid 5.20 ; phenylalanine 0'60 ; guanine 0.10 ; adenine 0.52 ; hypoxanthine 0.12 ; histidine 0.20 ; arginine 1-30 ; lysine 0.93 ; choline 1.90 ; and trigonelline 0.2 gram.When hydrolysed about 90% of the total nitrogen dissolved of which 50% belonged to monoamino-acids and 35% t o bases. After hydrolysis 1 kilo. of dried leaves yielded leucine 21.0; alanine 19.0 ; valine 10.5 ; arginine 8.8 ; lysine 6.6 ; aspartic acid 6.0 ; proline 2.5 ; phenylalanine 2.5 ; choline 2.3 ; serine 2.0 ; glycine 1.9; and histidine 1.3 gram. The composition of the nitrogenous portion of mulberry leaves differs considerably from that of the cocoons (Inouye and Iwaoka J . Tokyo Chem. SOC. 1915 36). THOMAS G. MASON (Scz. Proc. Roy. Dublin SOC. 1916 N.S. 15 13-28).-The following Musci were investigated Polytm'chum commune l'huidium tamariscinum and Sphagnum cym bifolium.Dextrose laevulose and sucrose were found in all the materials examined whereas maltose is dependent on the presence of starch. Diastase and maltase were found only in Polytrichwm commune; invertase is widely distributed. I n P. cam mune and Sphagnum cymbifolium the carbohydrates seem to descead the stem chiefly in the form of hexoses. Rennin from Solanum Elaeagoifolium. A. BODANSKY (J. Biol. Chem. 1916 27 103-105).-The rennin from the berries of Solanum Elaeagnif olium closely resembles ordinary rennin from animal sources. H. W. B. Poisonous Action of Lithium Salts on Plants. H. FRERKING (Chem. Zentr. 1916 i 1252; from Flora 1915 8 449-453).- Lithium acts as a poison only towards plants which need calcium and not towards the calcium-free lowest algz and fungi.The poisonous action of lithium is stronger than that of magnesium. I n the latter case the poisonous effect is removable by addition of calcium salts whereas these only retard the poisonous action of lithium salts T. H. P. Tranelocation of Seed Protein Reserves in the (+rowing Maize Seedling. C. J. V. PETTIBONE and CORNELIA KENNEDY (J. Biol. Chem. 1916j 26 519-525).-During the growth of the maize seedling the total nitrogen of the seed diminishes whilst that of the plumule and root increases the total nitrogen in the seedling remaining fairly constant. The amino-acid nitrogen in seed plumule and root remains a t a more or less constant value. A careful exa.mination of the sap shows the presence of free amino- acids as well as of traces of soluble proteins o r peptides.These results indicate clearly that the transportation of the reserve pro- teins of the seed to furnish material for the proteins of the growing Tyrosine was also found. N. H. J. M. Carbohydrates of the Musci. N. H. J. M.i. 876 ABSTRACTS OF CHE.MICAL PAPERS. parts of the plant tskes place in the form of amino-acids in a maniier analogous to the similar process occurring in the animal organism. H. W. B. Relation of Amide Nitrogen to the Nitrogen Metabolism of the Pea Plant. EARNETT SURE and W. E. TOTPINGHAH ( J . BZoZ. Chem. 1916 26 535-548).-In the early stages of growth amides and amino-acids accumulate in the cotyledon and in the growing shoot. Later on the amino-acids decrease considerably in the shoot and completely in the cotyledon whilst at the same time the amides rapidly increase in both parts of the plant. The authors draw the conclusion that the amino-acids serve for amide production in the nitrogen metabolism of the etiolated pela plant.H. W. B. The Salicylic Acid Reaction of [Soja] Beans. HARVEY C. BRILL (Philippine J. Sci. 1916 11 A 81-89).-Soja beans give the ferric chloride colour test for salicylic acid but this is notn conclu- sive evidence that this substance is present either initially or as an added preservative. Moreover although alcoholic extracts of numerous samples of Chinese American and Japanese beans and preparations therefrom on extraction with ether gave the ferric chloride test they failed to give the Jorissen salicylic acid test which was shown to be equally delicate.The conclusion is there- fore drawn that the substance giving the violet colour is not sali- cyclic acid but a product similar to maltol and it is probably formed by enzyme action in the beans. W. I. BARAGIOLA and 0. SCHUPPLI (Zeitsch. anal. Ch,ern. 1916 55 369-3'77. Compare this vol. ii 488).-About 0.1% of free sulphuric acid was present in an Alsatian white wine (1889 vintage) examined by t3he authors. Causes of Acidity of Soils which are Acid through Exchange of Ione. H. KAPPEN (Landw. Versuchs-Stat. 1916 89 39-80; Compare ibid. 88 13).-Two pine-forest soils and a soil on which the vegetation consisted of a few bilberry shrubs were investi- gated. The forest soils which were covered with a layer of humus 2-3 cm. deep showed considerable activity when treated with a iormal solution of potassium chloride; the third soil failed to react with potassium chloride. The latent acidity of the forest soils is attributed to the action of humic acids on the mineral soil and the production of aluminium and iron salts. It is shown that the true acidity of humus extracts is approxi- mately the same as that of acetic acid of the same strength and that latent acidity can be produced by treating mineral soils with raw humus. The same result is obtained with some vegetable s u b stances which ar0 only partly humified. Latent acidity can perhaps also arise from the production of soluble iron and aluminium compounds in the humus itself and the penetration of the soluble salts into the mineral soil below' the humm. N. H. J. M. G. F. M. Wine containing Free Sulphuric Acid. w. P. s.

ISSN:0368-1769    

DOI:10.1039/CA9161000869

出版商:RSC    

年代:1916

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

INDEX TO PATENTS. British Patents 1914. 16317 A. i 134 21421 A. i 175 21883 A. i 157 21948 A. i 157 22521 A. i 445 22522 A. i 518 22828 A. i 334 23575 A. i 313 23939 A. i 253 24042 A. i 203 24347 A. i 154 24695 A. i 313 17 A. i 347 18 A. i 347 1288 A i 247 1752 A. i 337 3087 A i 445 3152 A. i 315 4887 A. i 544 5113 A. i 548 5132 A. i 465 5182 A. i 154 5514 A. i 561 5692 A i 716 6322 A. i 445 6409 A. i 716 8254 A. i 154 8488 A. i 363 8759 A i 96 9234 A. i 228 9311 8.) i 155 9511 A. i 209 12260 A. i 801 12912 A. ii 613 13970 A. i 148 15749 A. ii 616 15752 A. i 334 17274 A. i 708 17482 A. i 446 100343 A. i 728 100997 A. ii 616 474745 A. i 16 474828 A. i 8 475654 A i 221 CX. ii. 1915. 1916. French Patents. 475853 A. i 197 477560 A. i 541 278282 A. i 288 284734 A. i 125 284935 A.ii 28 284997 A. i 145 285259 A. i 126 285499 A. i 160 285573 A. i 175 285636 A. i 163 285638 A i 141 285700 A. i 145 285770 A. i 113 285800 A. i 130 286020 A. i 146 286431 A. i 157 2864.33 A. i 145 286489 A. i 256 286546 A . i 175 286596 A. i 113 286667 A. i 297 286665 A. i 297 286731 A. i 200 286744 A. i 264 286752 A. i 206 286760 A. i 310 286761 A. i 266 286762 A. i 266 286854 A i 297 286855 A. i 297 287017 A. i 253 287601 A. i 313 287614 A i 335 287709 A. i 317 287756 8.) i 313 287796 A. i 319 287802 A. i 326 287803 A. i 333 287804 A. i 333 287867 A. i 318 287994 A. i 316 287959 A i 333 288243 A. i 333 288271 A. i 305 288303 A. i 333 288338 A. i 314 288464 A. i 318 German Patents(D. R.-P.). 881 288474 A. i 318 288688 A. i 403 288865 A. i 334 288996 A. i 31 8 289001 A.i 366 289027 A. i 314 289028 A. i 326 289108 A. i 317 289112 A i 319 289133 A. i 313 289163 A. i 390 289246 A. i 446 289247 A. i 419 289270 A. i 390 289271 A. i 390 289272 A i 390 289273 A. i 417 289274 A. i 418 289279 A. i 423 289426 A. i 374 289454 A. i 382 290205 A i 500 290210 A. i 518 290426 A. i 468 290522 A i 468 290523 A. i 468 290531 A. i 502 290540 A. i 560 290558 A. i 461 290601 A i 480 290703 A. i 571 290740 A. i 545 290808 A. i 546 290814 A. i 561 290910 A. i 571 290983 A. i 563 291023 A. i 607 291077 A i 568 291185 A. i 541 291222 A. i 554 291421 A. i 568 291878 A. i 645 291883 A. i 728 291984 A. i 657 292080 A i 625 292284 A. i 631 292310 A. i 683 292356 A i 642 44ii. 882 INDEX TO PATENTS. German Patents(D. R.- P.). 292357 A. i 639 292393 A. i 668 292394 A.i 668 292395 A. i 657 292456 A. i 667 292457 A. j 657 292545 A. 1 632 292546 A. i 857 292681 A. i 732 292846 A i 835 293070 A. i 791 293094 A. i 815 293163 A. i 843 293287 A. i 844 293318 A. i 801 293319 A. i 801 293613 A. i 786 United States Patents. 1153121 A i 46 1158496 A i 326 1161867 A. i 252 1181697 A. i 541 1193474 A i 795 1193634 A. i 794 1193649 A. i 795 1193650 A. i 795 1193651 A. i 795 1194354 A i 799 1195560 A. i 612

ISSN:0368-1769    

DOI:10.1039/CA9161005881

出版商:RSC    

年代:1916

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

ERRATA. VOL. C (ABSTR. 1911). Page Line “ C6H4’C’NHBZ ‘‘ CBH4.C.NHBz i. 169 12 for 11 11 read I II C6H4*C*OH ” C,H4-C *OH .” POL. CVI (ABBTR. 1914)’ Page Line Col. 891 27 ii for (‘Emden’ read ‘*Embden.” VOL. CVIII (ABSTR. 1915). p g e Line 1. 820 11* for ” nitrite ” read “nitrile.” ii. 821 ii. 836 2 ii. 841 2* @im. Argentina ” read “Anal. Soc. Quim. VOL. CVIII (ABSTR. 1915). INDEX. Page Line Col. ii. 854 5-7 i Delete. ii. 878 23* i f o r “electrolytes” read ‘‘ electrolysis.” ii. 894 20 i A. i 744 747 ” read ‘( A. ii 744 747.” ii. 922 18 ii “Mary Alexandre. See Albert” read ‘(Mary AZbert and Alexandre Mary physico-chemical studies on the synthesis of a chlorophyll pigment A i 979.11 ii. 1014 32 i ‘( 2:6-dimethyZ-A08~6-octadien-8-aZ read (‘ B(-dimethyl-At%- octadiene-0-al.” VOL.CX (ABSTR. 1916). Page Line should read “ compounds with lAcOH yellow needles which on loss of the acetic acid yield the more deeply-colonred orange modification of the parent substance and with ICCl3.CO& yellow modification of the. ” for ‘‘ I-ethyZ-2-p~rlrrolidyZ ethgl ketone ’’ read ‘( l-ethyl-2-pyrrolkZyl methyl ketone for “ acetonylacetone ” read “ acetylacetone. ” orange leaflets which on loss of the trichloroacetic acid yield the i. 68 i. 75 i. 78 15* “ B-benzylpropionic ” wad “ 13-benzoylpropionic.” 12* 7 NHAc\ “ NHAc.C,H,Me<- ”N ” read “ NHAc.C,H,Me<Nde\N. -N/ ’’ * From bottom. 883Page i. 102 i. 132 i. 144 i. 145 i. 153 i. 160 i. 206 i. 260 i. 261 i. 282 i. 284 Line 19” f o i * “ NOLIAN ” T e n d ‘( NOLLAU.” 4 6 7 17 5 6 “ nB 1.45313O” rcad (‘np 1.45313.” ‘‘ 3:6:2’:5-tetra~lc;hlorobcnzoylbenzoic ” read ‘( 3:6:2’:5’-tetrachloro- “ tetrabromobenzoyldichlorobenzoic ” read ‘( dichlorotetrabromn- (‘ P-resorcyclic ” rend “~eso~’cylic.” 18*-17* should read “ By treatment in alkaline solution with ethyl chloro- 26 f o r “ phenylbenzylrnetl1ylallyl” rend (‘ phenylbenzylmetl~ylallyl- 20 “ iodomagnesiiini ” Iw/d “ brotnomagnesium.” benzoylbenzoic.benzoy lbenzoic. ” formate and with plienylcarbimide. ” anirri onium. ” 2” ( ‘ C34H500ZBr,r” rwd ‘( C3.1H500pEr2,” HOCl --CH HOC1-CH 16 ‘‘OH(C6H3 1) ” rend “O€I*C,H II ” %(NH)2 ’CPh %(hTH,) *CPh 12 “ 4 5’-d ikcto -3-pli enyl- 2-nzethyl-By- indrmpy’ran ” read ( 4 5 - dil~clo-3-p?~c1~?/1-2-~~~et?~~I-~~-ir~denopyrc~n. ’’ S i. 290 i. 316 i. 317 i. 338 i. 341 i. 342 i. 343 i. 345 i. 368 j. 552 i. 587 i. 623 ii. 14 ii. 303 ii. 321 S * From bottom. 884ERRATA (continued). Page Line ii. 348 ii. 433 10 “ JOIIXSTONE” read “ JOHNSTON.” ii’ 505 13 for “described by Lenher & Crawford (A.,,,1913; ii 250)” Tend 21} “physical ” read “physikal.” “ depending on the colonr of titarlous salts. Page Line Col. ii. 662 16* i inse9.t “ Bary Paul the velocity of solution of liquids in caoutchouc A. ii 24. ” ii. 676 14 i delete “Bury Paul etc.” ii. $44 24 i insert “Tschugaev L. and I. Tschernjaev the hydroxylammonia complexes of bivalent platinum A. ii 42.” COLLECTIVE INDEX 1903-1 9 12 (AUTHORS). Page Line Col. 786 11 ii for “1912 A i 8 ” read (‘1912 A. i 822.” COLLECTIVE INDEX 1903-191 2 (SUBJECTS). Page Line Col. 563 12 ii for “ A. i 415 ” read (‘ A . ii 415.” ~ ~ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * From bottom. 885

ISSN:0368-1769    

DOI:10.1039/CA9161005883

出版商:RSC    

年代:1916

数据来源: RSC