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XNilLT TICAL CH EJIISTRY.A n a l y t i c a l C h e m i s t r y .1051Estimation of Iodine in Varec. By 0. ScHow ( Z e l t s . d ~ d .Chew ., 18i9, 443--44ti).-The author describes the method finallyadopted by liim for estimating the iodine value of samples of varec:exactness is necessary, since the percentage of iodine is usuallyonly from 0.1 to 1.5. Bunsen's method of titration with standardsodium thiosulphate solutiou was found to yield precise results if thestarch solution was carefully prepared and filwred, a deep blue colora-tiou, disappearing at last on the addition of a single drop of decinorrnslthiosulphate solution, and reappearing on addition of a drop of iodinesolution : it was therefore considered unnecessary to add excess of thio-snlpbate arid titrate back with iodine solution.From 25 to 50 grams ofdried and powdered varec were extracted wit8h warm water several times,and the solution made up t o a litre: 100 C.C. of this liquid was aiixcdwith a few drops of sulphuric acid, and allowed to stand in a warmplace for 24 liours to remove the hydrogen sulphide : the liquid, afterhaving been evaporated toabout a third its volume, was ruri through asmall filter to remove the sulphur, and the filter was washed with a1052 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.small a quantity of water as possible. This liquid was tben mixedwith ferric sulphate, or ferric ammonium sxlphate, and the iodinedistilled over into a small quantity of potassium iodide solution con-tained in a U-tube, kept cool by immersion in cold water, t'he end ofthe delivery tube dipping several millimetres below the surface of theiodide solution.Boiling for fifteen minutes will usually distil over allthe iodine, b u t after the residual liquid has cooled it should always betested by carbon bisulphide or chloroform, since sometimes onlylong-continued boiling completely removes the iodine. The iodinecontained in the potassium iodide solution is then titrated withthiosulphate. The author also tried extracting the iodides from thevarec by alcohol; this method had the advantage of leaving undis-solved most other salts, and especially the sulphides ; the cost of thealcohol made it undesirable. A sample of vareo, which yielded 0.37Gper cent. of iodine by the palladium method, gave by the above processail average percentage of 0.33 : and duplicate analyses of two othersamples made with great care yielded 1.701 and 1.676 for the one, andEstimation of Phosphoric Acid in Artificial Manures.1.426 in both analyses of the other sample.F. c.(DingZ. poZyt. J., 232, 363-365) .-Albert and Siegfried mentionthat it is inadmissible to estimate the value of a superphosphateentirely by the quantity of phosphoric acid soluble in water, and thatthe phosphoric acid soluble in a,mmonium citrate should be taken intoconsid eration.According to Meinert, the Livonian fisheries yield ItnnualIp 20 to22 millions cod fish, the head and spine of which at present form thechief material for preparing Norwegian fish guano. Dietzell andGressner have found that by fusion with nitre, the estimation ofphosphoric acid gives higher numbers than by fusion, and that part ofthe phosphorus is probably present in organic combination.As thisportion of the phosphorus does not possess the same manuring valueas the phosphoric acid, it is recommended to dissolve the guano inacids, or ignite it previously, butnot to fuse it with nitre.Insoluble Phosphoric Acid in Superphosphate. By A.MILLOT (Bied. C'entr., 6, 408--410).-The author makes some criticalobservat,ions on the French method of estimating superphosphate by thepercentage of matter soluble in citrate or oxalate of ammonia: aftershowing that this method fails when oxide of iron or alumina ispresent in any quantity, he describes the following method of hisown :-The phosphoric acid soluble in water alone and in acetic acidis first determined, and next the quantity soluble in cold citrate of am-monia ; when the first two results are subtracted from the third, thereremains the phosphoric acid present as phosphate of iron and alumina.As a means of obtaining all the phosphoric acid of phosphorite inthe soluble condition, the author suggests mixing the phosphorite withammonium sulphate before treatment with acid: by this means heobtained 90 per cent.of the phosphoric acid in the soluble condition,whilst without the use of this reagent only 70 per cent. was found.J. K. C.D. BXNALTTICAL CHEJIISTRY. 1053Volumetric Estimation of Magnesium. By H. PRECHT (Zeifs.Anal. Chem., 1 8 i 9 , 458--439).-To avoid the tedious method ofdetermination of magnesium, after separation of calcium salts, byprecipitation as ammonio-phosphate and convertion into pjrophosphate,the author eniploys f o r estimating magnesium in the Stassfurth saltsa volumetric method depending on the insolubility of magnesium hy-drate.The aqueous solution of the magnesium salt is mixed with anexcess of standard potassium hydrate solution, and the excess of alkaliin the solution is titrated with standard acid. The solution of10 grams of thc substance is mixed with 50 C.C. of the standard alkaliif thc substance contains less than 50 per cent. of magnesium snlphate,and with 100 C.C. if more than 50 per cent. is present. The potassiumhydrate is of such strength that 50 C.C.of i t neutralise 100 C.C. ofnormal sulphuric acid. The precipitation may be made in the cold,but it is hastened by heating to boiling: if the last portions ofalkali soluticn produce no precipitate, the liquid is made u p to themark in a half litre flask, thoroughly shaken, and allowed to settle forhalf an hour: 50 C.C. are then drawn off clear, and titrated with deci-normal sulphuric acid. By this process, magnesium sulphate crystalsyielded 48.54 per cent. of RfgSOa instead of 48-78 per cent. ; anda sample of cainite, which by the ordinary method gave 16.50 percent. of magnesia as magnesium pyrophosphate, yielded 16.32 percent. The results are, therefore, about 0.3 per cent. too low, and thiserror is due to two causes, first, to the presence of the precipitate inthe measuring flask, which causes the liquid to be too concentrated ;and, secondly, some magnesium hydrate dissolves in the liquid, and istitrated as alkali.The first cause produces a minus error of 0.08 percent. of magnesium sulphate when 50 per cent. is present, the secondgives rise also to a minus error, whose amount is 0-24 per cent. ; m.ag-nesium hydrate being soluble i n 62,000 parts of the alkaline solution.If these ei'rors are allowed for, the results yielded by the process areexact. Thc method is applicable to all soluble magnesium salts, in theabsence of ammonium and metal salts: free acid is first neutralisedwith potassium hydrate. Calcium salts, which are precipitable bypotassium hydrate, must he precipitated by neutral potussium oxala te,either before or after the magnesium hydrate: gypsum is partiallydecomposed by dilute potassium hydrate solution, hut calcium osalateis unaltered.Another and less exact method depends on the solubility of magne-sium chloride in alcoliol and ether, in which the chlorides of the alkalisand alkaline earths are insoluble with the exception of lithium chloride.Sulphates must first be precipitated with barium chloride, calciumsalts with potassium oxalate, and free acids neutralised with bariumcarbonate.This method is applicable to the estimation of carnallite,cainite, kieserite, and " steinsaltz '' when mixed together, since thefirst two behave differently when treated with alcohol. Carnallite,KCl.MgCl,.GH,O, wben treated with absolute alcohol, separates intosoluble MgCl, and insoluble KC1 : whereas no MgCI, is extracted byalcohol from cainite, K,SC~1.~gS01.MgCl,.6~~0 : hence by volume-trically determining the magnesium chloride in solution, the quantityof potassium chloride in the carnallitc can be calculated.F. cNew Volumetric Method for Estimating Zinc. BY C. AhsN(Zeifs. A d . Chein., 1879, 1C;B-l65).--The author proposes a ~ i e ~mct,hoit for volumctricnlly estima:ing zinc by decomposi~ig zinc sul-phidc with silvcr chloride, and titrating tlle chloride thus produced.After the zinc has been separated from other substances, i t is sepa-rated from manganese by precipitation as sulpllicle from R solutioncontaining free acetic acid : the excess of sulphuretted hydrogen isexpelled by tuniultuous boiling, until a drop of the filtrate does notalter lead test-paper : the liquid is then separated by decantationthrough a filter, and the precipitate, reildered much more dense bythe boiling, is also tlirowii upoil the filter and waslied.Thc filtratecontains all the nianganese. The filter and precipitate are thenenergetic,ally stirred with 30-50 C.C. of hot mater in a beaker, a dwell washed silver chloride shaken up in water is added in excess,and the mixture is boiled until the liquid above the precipitate hasbecome clear. At last five or six drops of dilute sulpliuric acid (1 : 6 )are added. The zinc sulphidc is t!ius converted entirely into chloridein a few minutes. After filtering arid washing the precipitate, thechloride in the filtrate may be a t once estimated, by adding silvcrnitrate standard solution in excess, tlien a few drops of ferric nitrate,and titrating the excess of silvcr nitrate hg standard potassium sulpho-cyanide solution (Volhard's method). The process is rapidly carriedout, ail hour and a half being required from the commencement ofpassing sulpliuretted hydrogen.The results agree well with tlieoryarid with one another. Cadmium sulphidt: C a l i bc similarly decomposedby silver cllloride, but probably on account of the deusity of the sul-Estimation of Cobalt, Nickel, and Zinc by Precipitationas Oxalates. By A. Cr,AssEx (Zeds. L47~nZ. Cliem., 1879, 189-193).This method is preferable to precipitation with alkaline hyclrates orcarbonates, siiice the precipitates are more easily obtained in a purecondition, aiid also because ih effects the separation of these metalsfroin iron and aluniiiiium without the trouble of precipitating thelatter metals as basic acetates o r salts.The precipitation and col-lection of the pure oxdates are carried out precisely as describedin the paper on the separation of nianganese from iron and alumi-nium (this vol., p. IOX). At a temperature of 50-60" all theseoxalates become crjstalliiie except that of nickel, and this precipitateeasily separates. Free acid should be removed by evaporation on thewater-bath before precipitation. The oxslates are converted intooxides by careful ignition, but the oxides must be finally heatedstrongly iti the ail.to reiiiuve traces of carbon, a t least in the cases ofcobalt and nickel. If the oxalntcs have been insufficiently WVL~SI~NI,the ignited oxides will coritnin potassium carbonate, which is easilyrecognised by litmus ; it may be removed by digestiiig the oxides \vithwater on tlie waler-bath, and washing them well with hot water.Nickel and zinc may be weighed as NiO aiid ZnO; cobalt oxide isreduced in a stream of hydrogen a1id weiglied in tlie metallic state.Results obtained by this method usually gave a deficiency of some-what less than one per cent. for cobalt; the presence of ammoniumphide, tlie change proceeds very slowly. F. cANALYTICAL CIIEYISTRY. 1055chloride in any quantity gives rise to a serious deficiency, potassiumchloritle is less injurious, and sodium acet:ite >till less detrimental.The estimations of nickel in pure nickel solution are as satisfactoryas those of cobalt ; the presence of ammonium cliloride and pot:wsiumchloride scarcely affects the accuracy of the resnlts, bat sodiumacetate causes a deficiency.The results yielded by pure zinc solutionaloe renlarkably satisfactory, and are scarcely affcctetl by the pre-sence of potassium chloride or of sodium acetate, but the results aretoo ICW when aminoniuni chloride was preseiit. F. C.Separation sf Manganese from Zinc. By A. CLASSEN (Zeits.AwlZ. Clrein., t 8 i 9 , 19$-ly~).-9laiignnese can be entircly prcci-pitated as carbonate from a solution containing ammonium clilorideby addition of ammonium carbonate.‘I’allml proposes to separatemanganese from zinc in this manner ; but tlie author finds that zinc isalways present in the ruangaiiese carbonate precipitate. The sepa-ration tvould doubtless be perfect i f the manganese Carbonate couldbe filtered off a t once, but it is only conipletely thrown down after ithas stood for some time, and during the stailding some zinc carbonateis always precipitated. Quantitative experiments provcd that the man-ganese was always too high even after reprecipitation. If the man-ganese only is to be determined, the autlior’s oxalate method willserve. F. C.New Method for separating Ferric and Aluminium Oxidesfrom Marganese. By A. CLASSEN ( Z e i t s . And. Chem., 1879, 175-189) .--The author has already sliortly described the principle of amet hod for directly precipitating manganese without first separatingthe iron (Zcits.diiul. CImii., 19, 4i1), depending on the precipitationand resolution of the manganese as oxalate by addition of neutralpot;issium oxalate in exces?. On adding strong acetic acid to thissolution, potassium manganese ovalate is decomposed with precipita-tion of manganese oxalate, which is completely insoluble in aceticacid. A solution of ferric salt, however, when sitnilat ly treated, yieldsa q-reen solution, as the double oxalate is iiot decomposed by aceticacid ; this difference furnishes a method for precipitating manganesein the prcsence of iron.Alkaline chlorides exert an injurious influence on the precipitationof niangancse oxalate ; hence tlie metliod is not a t once applicable tothe solution of chlorides obtained by dissolving a sample of iron.Butthe presence of calcium oxide, or of ally other metallic oxide preci-pitsble as oxalate, is found to prevent the injurious effect of ch1or;desobserved when manganese alone is in solution. Thus it mas foundthat, on precipitating solution of pianoforte wire in sulphuric acid byaddition of oxalic acid, the ferrous oxalate took down with it almosttlie whole of the niauganese present, a1 though a manganese solutioncontaining free sulpliuric acid is not precipitated a t all by oxalic acitl.This precipitate refused to give up its manganese when washed withwater, aid tliei efore precipitation as ferrous oxalate, and ignition ofthe naslied precipitate, dots not yield pure iron oxide.If to the man-ganese so!ution, a metal oxide is acldecl which behaves like rnangancs1033 ABSTRACTS OF CI-IEJIICAL PAPERS.when treated as described above, but whose oxalate is insoluble insolutions of a1 kaline chlorides, the manganese is entirely precipitatedas oxalate, together with t8he other oxalate. Zinc oxide serves thispurpose, its oxalate being precipitated with quantitative accuracy bythe addition of acetic acid in presence of chlorides, bromides, potas-sium sulphate, or sodium acetate. The zinc solution employed i s madeby dissolving 100 grams of pure distilled zinc in hydrochloric acid,removing excess of hydrochloric acid, and diluting to a litre.Onadding this zinc solution to a liquid which contains iron and manga-nese oxalates and excess of potassium oxalate, and then adding suffi-cient acetic acid, a white bulky precipitate of zinc and manganeseoxxlxtcs is formed, which contains the whole of the manganese evenwhen the iron oxide present is one thousand times as much as t'he man-ganese oxide. This precipitate, which is bulky and would be difficultto filter when formed in a cold solution, becomes small and crystallineif the liquid is heated to 40-50' ; i t is fiItered off, and when ignitedin the air leaves a mixture of zinc oxide and Mn203, in which theMn203 is easily determined by dissolving the ignited residue in stronghydrochloric acid, coriducting the liberated chlorine into potassiumiodide solution, and estimating the liberated iodine by sodium thiosul-pbate standard solution ; two atoms of iodine correspond with one mole-cule of 31n2O3, or to two atoms of manganese. The sodium thiosulphatesolution is standardised by evolving chlorine from a known weighteither of potassium dichrornate, or of Mn,04, by treating i t with excessof hydrochloric acid.For the estimation of small quantities of man-ganese (0~001-0*01 gram Mn,O,), a thiosulphate solution is employed,of which each C.C. corresponds to about 2 mgms. of Mn203, and whichis made by dissolving nearlr 3 grams of crystallised thiosulphate in alitre of water. For determining larger quantities (0*05-0.3 gram ofMu,O,), thiosulphate solutions containing 10 or 22 grams i n the litreare used.For the analSsis of cast-iron not more than half a gram should be em-ployed, and for mangnniferous minerals not more than 0.9 gram ; theseweights suffice for the determination of the smallest quantities of man-ganese.The substance is dissolved i n a covered beaker by means ofhydrochloric acid containing hromine in solution to oxidise the iron,the beaker being heated on a water-b:tth until no more bromine vapouris seen above the liquid. After filtering off any gangue, the solution isevaporated to dryness, then 5-10 C.C. of bromine-water are pouredover the residue, and the liquid heated for several minutes i n a covereddish on the water-bath. If this oxidation is omitted, some red ferrousoxalate is liable to be ultimately precipitated together with the man-ganese oxalate.Solution of potassium oxalate in water (1 : 3 ) isadded in such quantity that the weight of potassium oxalate i t con-tains is seven times as great as that of the oxides present, includingthe zinc subsequently to be added. When 0.04 gram of cast-iron hasbeen dissolved, 22 C.C. of the potassium oxalate solution will be required ;the whole of the manganese and the greater part of the iron passes intosolution, the iindissolved iron oxide being dissolved by gradual additionof dilute acetic or hydrochloric acid with constant stirring. A greensolution is obtained, which is then evaporated until the green crystalANALYTICAL CIIEJIISTRT. 1057of iron and potassium oxalate begin to separate.The solution willmeasure a t this stage, when half a gram of iron has been employed,about 20-25 C.C. The hot solution is poured from the dish into abeaker of about 100 C.C. capacity, and the dish rinsed with hot wateruntil the liquid measures about 40-50 C.C. ; a few C.C. of alcohol areadded to reduce small quantities of manganic oxide. Zinc chloridesolution, prepared as already described, is then added until the zincoxide is about four times as great in amount as the manganous oxidepresent. When quantities of manganese less than 1 decigram haveto be determined, 4 decigrams of zinc oxide may be added, thisexcess of zinc being necessary to increase the bulk of the precipitate.If sufficient potassium oxalate has been added, the precipitate of zincoxalate redissolves almost entirely as potassium zinc oxalate ; potas-sium oxalate solution is then added until the precipitate is alniostdissolved, and strong acetic acid equal in volume to the liquid to beprecipitated is poured in with constant stirring.The whole liquidcontaining double iron and aluminium potassium oxalate in solutionand the precipitate in suspension will measure about 100 c.c.; thebeaker containing it is closely covered to prevent evaporation, and isheated OIL a sand-bath to about GO", until the precipitate becomes crys-talline aiid the liquid above it quite clear. Great care must he takento avoidcooling or evaporation of the solution at this stage, as if greencrystals separate, they are with difficulty redissolved, and should ironbe thus introduced into the precipitate, the process of separation willhave to be repeated on the precipitate after filtration.If hydro-chloric acid has been added to dissolve the iron oxide, the oxalic acidthus liberated must be neutralised by gradual addition of dilutecaustic alkali solution before filtration. The washings of the preci-pitate should measure about 350 C.C.Results obtained as above described were always from 1 to 5 percent. too low when about 1 decigram of manganese had to be esti-mated. To obtain more exact results the filtration should be carriedout after the liquid has stood for about six hours. The filtration andwashing should be performed as follows. The washing liquid, con-sisting of equal volumes of strong acetic acid, alcohol, and water, ispoured on the precipitate in the beaker directly the last portion of theclear liquid has been decanted into the filter, so that the washingliquid msy be poured on the filter as soon as the green liquid hascompletely run through.If this point is not attended t,o, the doubleiron salt crjstsllises in the filter-paper, and c m on17 be removed bywashing with water, which incurs loss of manganese if any of theprecipitate was poured on the filter. Both precipitate and filter mustbe freed from the liquid containing iron by washing as rapidly as pos-sible. The washing is complete when the washing liquid no longergives any rcaction f o r iron with potassium sulphocyanide. This is thecase on dwanting three or four times after addition of 10 C.C.ofthe washing liquid. The precipitate is then brought on the filter,dried, and iFnited ; the ignition must be commenced carefully in acovered crucible, but as soon as the oxalates have been decomposed,which is known by the residue turning dark brown, the crucible mustbe uncovered and heated strongly whilst in an inclined position. Th10% ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.ignited residue often contqins a little potassium manganate. To destroythis the contents of tlie crucible slionld lw digested with hot water con-taining a little alcohol, then filtered, and well washed with hot water.The results obtained when due attention was paid to the above pre-cautions rrere very satisfactory, yielding a maximum percentage errorof 0.5, the error bcing usually in excess.Instead of oxidising tlie iron in tlik hydrochloric acid solution withbvomine, nitric acid may be employed.The results obtained are assatisfactory as when bromine is used. It is nccessary that the metalsshall not be present as sulphatcs. as the sulphatps are not completolyconvcrted into oxalates br potassium osalate, and the results obtainedwould therefore bc too low. This is also the case if the residue ofchlorides is dissolved by warming with clilutp acetic acid.This method effects a considerable szving of time compared withthose formerly emploj-ed. It also promises to facilitate the analysesof cast-iron, from the fact that cdciam, cobalt, and nickel are precipi-tated as osalates, and can be determined either in a portion of thefiltrate after precipitating the manganese oxalate by acetic acid, o r ina portion of the original oxalate precipitate from which the zinc hasbeen precipitated by sulphuretted hydrogen from an acetic acid soh-tion. I n estimating calcium, however, tlie washings of the ignitedmanganese and zinc oxides m u 4 be always tested with ammoniumoxalate, and when cobalt is present the manganese mill always berather too high.But it is further possible to precipitate entirely asuxalates certain metals, such as copper, whose concentrated solutionsare not precipitated by potassium osalate, when metals which areentirely precipitable, such as zinc or manganese, are present in thesolution. I n some preliminarr experiments, copper sulphatp in knownqnantity was mixed with ferric chloride solution, zinc chloride solu-tion was added, and the zinc and copper were precipitated as oxalates.The copper rcsidue left after igniting the osalates was 0.0108 gram,indead of 0.0111 gram.Iron and aluminium may also be determined in the filtrate from themanganese oxalate.They may both be completely separated as oxalatesby concentrating and adding alcohol and a little acetic acid. The pre-cipitate becomes crystalline if the liquid is allowed to stand for a time onthe sand-bath, and may then easily be filtered and washed with alcohol.By ignition, the iron and duminiurn oxalates are converted intooxides, from which the accompanying potassium carbonate is easilyremoved by washing with water.It seems possible also to estimatephosphoric acid in the fiItrate from the iron and aluminium oxalates,since it is easily precipitated from this liqnid, after boiling off thealcohol and acetic acid, by the addition either of ammonium molybd-ate or of magnesium chloride solution; but the author has not yetproved that this process is a quantitative one or applicable in allcases. F. C.Criticism on Bunsen’s Older Method for Separating Arsenicfrom Antimony. By L. F. NILSON ( Z e i t s . And. Chem, 1573, 16.5-175).-The method was published in the AniznZen, 106, 8 (1858),where i t is stated that freshly precipitated arsenious sulphide is cornASALYTICXL CIIElIISTRT. 10J9pltately soluble in cold solntion of potassinm bisulp?iite mixed withsulphurons acid, and tliat after boiling for some time smdl quantitiesnf snlphur alone remain undissolved.The salts left iu solution arepotassium nrsenite and thiosulphate. Tin and antimony sulphides iftreated in the same way are unaltered and insoluble. The method ofseparation consisted in dissolving the mixed sulphides in potassiumsulpliicle solution, precipitating by addition of excess of sulpliurousacid, then heating for a time on the water-lmth, and finally boilinguntil two-thirds of the water and all tlic sulphurous acid have beenrcmoved. The rcsidue of ant,imony sulpliide is then stated to be freefrom arsenic, and frnm the filtrate, tlie arsenic may be precipitated a tonce by sulphnretted hydrogen.I n the analjsis of a mineml it was found that the above filtrate,which should hare cmtained arsenic only, contained chiefly antimony,2nd this led the author to make a series of experiments which provedthat antimonious sulpliide is permanently dissolved in considerableqnantitp by potassium bisulphitz, unless a sufficient excess of potaq-sinm thio4nlpliate is formed i n tlie solution and the filtratinn isdeferred for some time, but the precipitate then always contxinsarsenic If thc quantity o f thiosulphate formed in the solution isdiminished by employing less ptsssinm sulphide, some antimonyinvariably passes into solution.In making the above experiments,the author had used potassium sulphFdratc, ~v-tiich was objected toby Bunsen on the ground that it must neutralise less sulphurousacid than potassium sulphide would, and yield also a Lirger amountof sulphur to envelop the precipitate.The author accordinglyrepeated his expcrimcnts, substituting potassium sulphide for tliesulpliydmte, and found that by treating a mixture of known weightsof antimonious and arsenious sulphides by Bunsen’s method, theweight of residual ant imonious sulpliide obtained was greater thanthat employed, and that it inrariablj contained arsenic. The presenceof arscnic was proved by evaporating the residual sulphide withstrong nitric acid, and testing the residue by the Fresenius-Babomethod, and also by obtaining an abundant precipitate of magnesium-ammonium arsenate after fusion with sodium nitrate and carbonate.Further experiments proved tliat arsenious sulpliide, when dissolved insolution of potawium bisulphide, and reprecipitated by excess of sul-phurous acid, is by no means completely redissolved by boiling, as muchas 71 per cent.remaining undissolved in one experiment. Arsenioussulphide was, however, completely soluble in solution of potassiumbisulphite and sulphurous acid. Hence it seems probable that in themethod as given by Bunsen, two processes, each of which is perfect initself, are made imperfect and useless as a, means of separation bybeing mingled. Antinionious sulphide remains quite undissolved inthe presence of the large quantity of thiosulphate formed by boilingits solution in potassium sulphide, after adding excess of sulpliurousacid, but the thiosulphate precipitates a large quantity of arsenioussulphide.If the proportion of thiosulphate is lessened, so as to insurecomplete solution of the arsenic, then antimony is also dissolved;hence the author concludes that it is impossible to separate antimonyand arsenic upon the principle inyolved in Bunsen’s method.F. C1060 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMIC-IL P-IPERS.Results of the Norwegian Expedition to the North Sea. ByH. TOENOE ( J . pr. Cliem. [2], 19, 401-433, and 20, 4&-76).-1. Oibthe Air contuined in Sea-water.-FrBmy was the first to investigatethe amount of gas in sea-water. As his method was to absorb thecarbonic anhydride by potash, and oxygen by phosphorus, no depen-dence can be placed on his results. Moren, Loewy, Hayes, and PIsnni,also experimented on the subject, without, however, materially in-creasiiig our knowledge.The next memoir relating to this is one byW. L. Carpenter, Hunter, and P. H. Carpenter, who accompanied theexpedition on board the “ Porcupine ” in 1869. Their results varyso much, that no dependence can be placed on them. They them-selves ascribe their want of success to imperfections i n the vessel forcollecting the samples of water. I n 1871 a German Expedition wassent to the German Ocean, 0. Jacobsen being the chemist. Insteadof performing his analyses on board ship, as was done by the Englishchemists, he merely collected samples of the gases given off on boilingthe sea-water from different localities and depths, reserving determi-nations of their constituents until the expedition returned.By meansof a very ingenious arrangement, the water was boiled in a vacuum,and the gases driven into a small tube, which was then sealed a t bothends. The apparatus for collecting the water was designed by H. A.illeyer, and is described in the Jahresb. der Conmission, 1872.From his analyses of 73 samples, it appears that the amount ofoxygen from surface-water remains remarkably constant, varying onlybetween 34.14 per cent. and 33.64 per cent. Even in the lower strata,the oxygen does not fluctuase. This is accounted for by supposingthat the excess of oxygen which would presumably exist in deepwater on account of increased pressure, is ccnsumed by organisms o rin oxidation. The absolute amount of air increases with the depth : thisis sufficiently accounted for by the lower temperature, without re-ference to the increased pressure.That, air escaped from the wateras the vessel containing i t was raised to the surface was distinctlydisproved by means of an apparatus contrived for the purpose. Thegeneral conclusion, tlierefore, is that the amount of air in sea-waterremains remarkably constant, and does not materially depend on thedepth from which the sample of water has been drawn.J. Y. Buchanan, who accompanied the “ challenge^ ” Expedition,used Jxcohsen’s apparatus and methods. From his publislied resultd,i t appears that the absolute amount of oxygen i n water decreasesfrom the surface to a depth of 300 fathoms, and then increases.The author used Wille’s apparatus for collecting samples of water ;i t consists of a spiral tube with a valve a t each end, which closes whenthe rope to which it is attached is pulled.He collected and analysedabout SO samples of air from water a t various depths. His methodwas that of Frarikland and Ward; the carbonic anhydride was re-moved by pot>ash, and the oxygen by explosion with excess ofhydrogen.The chief fact to be noticed is, that the amount of oxygen in thesurface-water of the Nurth Sea is on the average 35-93 per cent. ofthe total air ; south of latitude 70°, 34.96 per cent., and between latiANhLY TICAL CHENXSTRT. l O G ltudes 70" and 80°, 35.64. This corresponds exactly with whatBuchanan observed in the southern hemisphere.I n order t o discover the connection, if a.ny, subsisting between theamount of air dissolved in the water, and the temperature, the authorascertained the absorptive power of sea-water for air by direct experi-ment.The gas is expressed in cubiccentimetres per litre :-His numbers are as follows.C. 0". 5". 10". 15".0 .................... 7-77 6-93 6-29 5.70N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.41 13.22 12.08 11.010 + N = 100 0 percent. 35.03 34.39 34.24 34.11From this table, it is seen that the nitrogen dissolved bears a verysimple relation to the temperature, expressible by the formulaN = 14.4 - 0.23t. The absorbed oxygen requires the more complexequation, 0 = 7.79 - 0% + 0.00.5t2. The results differ thereforefrom those found by Bunsen for distilled water, the absorptive powerof which is independent of the temperature.But as the amount ofoxygen found in sea-water usually exceeds that limit, it must be de-pendent not merely on pressure and temperature, but on some othercauses. As a general rule, i t was observed that the amount of oxygenin the surface-water averaged 55.3 per cent. of the total gas, andgradually decreased with increasing depth until at 300 fathoms itaveraged 32.5 per cent. ; a t still greater depths, i t remained nearlyconstant. The amount of nitrogen, on the other hand, is in accordancewith the formula previously given, and is quite independent of pres-sure, depcnding on temperature alone. It tlherefore represents t h estate of the water, as regards temperature, correspoucling to the lasttime it was a t the surface, and any equalisation of the amount of aircontained in the water is brought about only by mixture.By ascer-taining the amount of nitrogen in sea-water, a rough indication istherefore given of any change of temperature the sea-water may haveundergone since it was last at the surface. These facts are supportedby several series of observations.On the Cu~bonic Anliydride in Sea-water.-The old method of esti-matiiig carbonic anhydride in sea-water was to expel the gas byboiling the water, and estimate it by the usual processes. Theresults obtained, however, were not concordant. Jacobsen ascribes hisirregular results to the attraction of a solution of salts in water forcarbonic anhydride, in cjpposition to Vierthaler's view, that the car-bonic anhydride as it exists in sea-water is in combination with bases.The author was led to investigate the latter theory by an accidentalobservation that sea-water is faintly alkaline to test-paper.His firstexperiment had for its object to ascertain whether the salts containedin sea-water have the power of expelling carbonic anhydride from car-bonates. This was proved to be the case, and by long-continued boiling,a large amount of carbonic anhydride may be collected. For the pur-pose of determination, he therefore made use of Alex. Classen'sapparatus, of which a description is given in the Zeits. .Av,a7. Chem,,15, 288. The principle is t o expel the gas by boiling with diluteVOL.XXXVI. 4 1062 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.sulphuric acid, and absorb it with narmal baryta-water, the excess ofbaryta being determined with standard oxalic acid, and the excess ofsulphuric acid by st,andard soda solution. The carbonic acid existingin neutral and acid combination was thus determined.From 78 observations of the amount of carbonic anhydride in sea-water from every depth, and many different places, nothing can beinferred as to the laws of its distribution. All that can be done is totake the mean of all the determinations. One litre of sea-water containson the average 52.78 mgms. of carbonic anhydride in neutral, and43.64 mgms. in acid combination.The reason of the gradual and complete expulsion of all the carbonicanhydride by continued boiling is to be sought for in the presence ofmagnesium chloride, which, as the author has experimentally proved,decomposes into hydrochloric acid and magnesia, when boiled for along time even in dilute solution.On evaporating sea-water, there-fore, no trace of carbonates is to be found in the residue, since thecarbonic anhydride is all expelled by the action of the magnesiumchloride. W. R.Sugar as a Test of the Purity of Water. By J. E. REYNOLDS(Bied. Centr., 1879, 467).-Half a litre of the water to be tested is in-troduced into a flask, and a piece of white sugar about the size of apea put i n : the mouth of the flask is covered with paper, and theflask left in the sunlight f o r eight or ten days. The presence of muchorganic matter in the water will cause it to become muddy.Estimation of Nitrates in very Dilute Solutions.By A.LEEDS ( Z e i t s . h2aZ. Cfiem., 1879, 428--450).-The author finds thatin apparatus for detecting or estimating small quantities of ammoniaor nitrates, by distilling and determining colorirnetrically by Nesslersolution the amount of ammonia in the distillate must be free fromindin-rubber stoppers and joints.It was found that continuous distillation of water free from amrno-nia always yielded distillates containing ammonia, and the quantity ofammonia found was always larger if the coppered zinc used as a re-ducing agent for nitrates was present in the water undergoing distil-lation. After distilling 50 C.C. of ammonia-free water three times fromsuch an apparatus, subsequent distillates of 50 C.C.repeated eighttimes in succession yielded ammonia varying from 0.05 to 0.01 mgm.when the coppered zinc was present, and from 0.03 to 0.01 mgm.when cast-iron was present, the quantity increasing the more nearly theliquid was distilled to dryness. The author avoids the necessity ofjoints, by distilling out of a tubulated retort with glass stopper, whoseneck dips as deeply as possible into the vessel in which the estimationis to be made, and which is kept cold by standing in cold water. Thedistillates from such a vessel gave quantities of ammonia which werenot increased by the presence of the ccpper-zinc or cast-iron ; afterthree times distilling pure water from the retort, the fourth distillateusually contained 0.01 mgm.of ammonia, and the fifth an average of0.004 rngm., which in the sixth was reduced to 0.0025 mgm. Henceit is evidenb that even when india-rubber corks and joints areJ. K. CANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. 1063When petroleum is warmed withfour measnres of nitric acid of1.45 sp. gr., the acid is colouredbrown, but the spirit is little actedon and forms an upper layer.absent, it is necessary, before introducing the substance to be tested,to distil water to which the reducing metal has been added until thedistillates are free from ammonia. In one case a s much as 0.0175mgm. of ammonia was thus obtained from well-washed copperedzinc, owing doubtless to nitrogen-compounds it had taken from theair whilst being transferred to the retort.This affords an explanationof the facts that small quantities of ammonia have been obtained bydistilling cast-iron with sodium hydrate solution, and that when smallquantities of alkaline nitrates are estimated by distillation with excessof cast-iron it slight excess of ammonia is obtained. It was establishedby experiment, however, that with the above precautions t>he distilla-tion of 50 C.C. of water containing 0.0061 gram of potassium nitratewith 6 grams of cast-iron yielded almost precisely the theoreticalquantity of ammonia. Hence cast-iron alone serves as a sufficientreducing agent when the quantity of nitrates present is small, as indrinking waters, and when the propoi-tion of cast-iron employed is inlarge excess.In the above experiment the propo~tion of iron tonitrate was 1000 : 8; a trial with about 15 times as much iron asnitrate yielded less than 5 per cent. of the nitrate present. F. C.Coal-tar naphtha, which con-sists chiefly of benzene, is com-pletely miscible with 4 measuresof nitric acid (1.45 sp. gr.), withgreat rise of temperature andproduction of dark brown colour.A portion of the nitrobenzeneproduced may separate as theliquid cools1064 ABSTRACTS OF CHEJfICAL PAPERS.filled with the gas to be tested, 2 or 3 C.C. of water, containing suffi-cient blood to have a reddish tint, and to show in a test-tube thecharacteristic absorption-bands. The flask is well shamken for fewminutes, when if carbonic oxide is present, a change to rose colour isnoticed, and addition of colourless ammonium sulphide does not causethe absorption-bands t o disappear or to c h a n p into an indistinctbroad band, as is the case when the sulphide is added t o blood freefrom carbonic oxide.Vogel found that 0.25 per cent, of carbonicoxide could be detected by this process, and that the employment oflarger quantities of air did not augment’ its delicacy. The author’s ex-periments proved that a small proportion of carbonic oxide could notbe completely absorbed by such dilute blood solutions, and undilutedblood or stronger solutions frothed so much when shaken as to be in-applicable. He tried, therefore, exposing the gas to undiluted bloodby making a mouse inhale it for some time, and then obtaining asample of the blood from its heart immediately after i t had beenkilled.A mouse was inclosed between two glass funnels fitted mouthto mouth, the joint being made gas tight by sheet india-rubber ; airmixed with known proportions of carbonic oxide was drawn throughthe funnels, and after the experiment was finished, the mouse wasdrowned by plunging the funnels into water. The gas was passed atthe rate of 10 litres in one or two hours, and this prevented poisoningby carbonic anhydride produced by respiration. Vogel’s met hod wascompared by pssing the air, before or after its passage through thefunnels, through the dilute blood solution contained in Liebig’spotash-buIbs. I n every case blood fyee from carbonic oxide and of thesame dilution was compared wit’h the sample aftcr addition of colour-less ammonium sulphide ; the difference of colour was then evident,the solution which contained carbonic oxide i-emaining more reddishin colour.The author’s experiments proved that when large quantities of gas(at least 10 litres) were employed, Voge!’s method readily detected0.05 per cent.of carbonic oxide ; and that when the blood was takenfrom a mouse which had inhaled the gas O W per cent. was the leastproportion which could be recognised.Symptoms of poisoning became evident in half-an-hour when0.05 per cent. of carbonic oxide was present, and when the proportionreached 2.9 per cent. the mouse died in about two minutes ; hence thepresence of even minute traces of carbonic oxide in air is to beavoided.The author suggests the plan of confining the mouse undera wire-net cover in the air, F. c.Decomposition of Mercuric Cyanide by Dilute Acids aloneand in presence of Sodium Chloride. By P. PLUGGE (%its. A d .Chenx., lS79, 408-417) .-The strong affinity which exists betweenmercury and cyanopn is shown by the development of heat on dis-solving mercuric oxide in hydrocyanic acid even when dilute, and alsoby the action of hydrocyanic acid on mercury salts forming thecyanide of the metal with liberation of the free acid of the s a l t ;further mercuric oxide acts on alkaline cyanides, forming mercuriccyanide, and mercuric cyanide in solution yields no precipitates witANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. 1065potassium or ammonium hydrate, with potassium iodide, or silvernitrate.It has been inferred from these facts that mercuric cyanidewithstands decomposition by other acids to a remarkable degree.Berthelot’s thermo-chemical experiments proved that in dilute so-lutions hydrocyanic acid completely converts mercuric chloride intocyanide ; gaseous hydrochloric acid, hoxever, completely changed drymercuric cyanide into chloride: hence it was assumed that strongliquid hydrochIoric acid liberated h ydrocyanic acid from mercuriccyanide, because the hydrate was accompanied with anhydrous hydro-chloric acid. Toxicological text-books generally assume that theorganic acids in the food and stomach cannot liberate hydrocyanicacid from mercuric cyanide, and that the acid cannot be separated anddetected by distillation with hydrochloric acid if mercuric cyanide ispresent.The author’s experiments, made by distilling mercuriccyanide with dilute acids present in fonr times the quantity theoreti-cally sufficient to liberate the hydrocyanic acid, proved that hydro-chloric acid can thus set free four-fifth of the acid, oxnlic acid aboutone-twentieth, and tartaric and sulphuric acids about one-fiftieth.From this it appears that hydrochloric acid is best suited for liberatinghydrocyanic acid from mercuric cyanide with a view t o its detection ;but as hydrochloric acid renders the substance unsuited for furtherresearches, the author prefers distilling with oxalic acid and sodiumchloride, which can liberate by distillation nearly 50 per cent.of thehydrocyanic acid producible from the mercuric cyanide.I n order to ascertain the delicacy of this method, experiments weremade on a solution of mercuric cyanide containing 10 mgms. in 1 c.c.,equivalent to 2.1% mgms. of hydrocjanic acid, and it was found thata liquid containing a quantity of mercuric cyanide equivalent to onetwenty-five-thousandth of hydrocyanic acid, yields by the above pro-cess nnmistakeable evidence of the presence of the acid. Many foodsand contents of the stomach which contain sodium chloride will yieldhydrocyanic acid on distillation after the addition of oxalic acid only.The Ebullioscope. By P. WAAGE (Zeits. Anal. Chein., 1879,417--428).-The author publishes the results of experiments made toascertain the value of this instrument for determining the percentageof alcohol in beer.The first series of results were those obtainedfrom mixtures of pure spirit and water, and were designed to ascer-tain whether the adjustment of the zero of the scale to the boilingpoint of water a t the barometric pressure observed a t the time of ex-periment was a sufficient correction for variations of atmosphericpressure; alrd also whether the indications of the instrument areequally reliable for low and high percentages of alcohol. The adjust-ment for barometric pressure wits prored to yield a correct result ; butthe scale of the instrument employed was not correctly graduated, asi t showed an error increasing with the proportion of alcohol present,and reaching 0.1 per cent.with 20 per cent. by volume of alcohol ; thiserror, however, was only about 0.01 per cent. for ordinary beer, andmas t’herefore insignificant in the present inquiry. Two marks aremade on the instrument, the one t o indicate the height to which purewater is poured in for the determination of the zero, the other showsF. C106 t; ABSTRACTS OF CHEillICAL PAPERS.how much of the alcoholic liquid is required. The volume of waterrequired is apparently without influence, as is also the volume of weakalcohol solutions ; but when about 16 per cent. of alcohol is present,attention must be paid to the volume of liquid employed.A second series of experiments was made by mixing with pure waterknown proportions of one or both of the following liquids, absolutealcohol and a strong solution of extractive matter obtained by eva-porating five bottles of Bavarian beer to about 750 c.c., and makingthis up to 1 litre.The object of these experiments was to ascertainthe influence of extractive matter on the accuracy of the resultsyielded by the ebullioscope. The presence of extractive matter inpure water exerted no influence in the determination of the zero pointof the scale. When, however, both alcohol and extractive matterwere mixed with water, the result obtained was too high, and the errorwas increased by increasing the proportion either of alcohol or of ex-tractive matter ; the alcohol, however, appeared to exert the greaterinfluence. These experiments do not pretend to great accuracy, butonly indicate the nature of the error involved.This error is easilycorrected in the case of beer, since the alcohol and extractive matterwill vary similarly in amount, and hence it is easy t o find whatcorrection must be applied for any percentage of alcohol indicated.Experiments were made to ascertain what correction must be ap-plied, by determining in a number of samples of Bavarian beer : (1) thepercentage of alcohol directly by the ebullioscope ; (2) the percentageindicated by the ebullioscope in the distillate from a measured quantityof beer made up to the original volume ; (3) the percentage indicatedin the same liquid by the sp. gr. The results yielded by (2) and (3)agreed closely. But, it was found that if over 6 per cent.by volumeof alcohol is indicated by (l), 0.216 per cent. must be deducted, leavinga possible error of 043.5 per cent. in each estimation. If method (1)shows from 5 to 6 per cent. by volume of alcohol, 0.159 per cent. mustbe deducted, leaving a possible error of 0.028 per cent.; and as aresult of a few experiments made with beer prepared by surface fer-mentation, the error of excess for 4 to 5 per cent. of alcohol is 0.11 percent., and for 2 to 4 per cent. of alcohol the error is 0.02 per cent. Byapplying the above corrections then, the possible error of the alcoholestimation in a beer by the ebullioscope will iiever reach 0.1 per cent.Experiments were further made to determine the cause of the aboveerror; they seemed to prove that the ebullioscope indicates not thepercentage of alcohol in the beer, but the percentage which would existif all the solid constituents were removed from the beer.The author concludes with offering various suggestions as to im-provements in the construction and use of the instrument, to increasethe accuracy of its indications and convenience in its manipulation.I?.c.The Ammoniacal Copper Test and its AppIication. By J.STEIKER (Chem. News, 40, 139) .-The author has investigated thisprocess in order to determine whether it could be applied with ad-vantage to the estimation of sugar in malt liquors, especially whenold, black, or " turning " beers are to be analysed. In these instanceANALYTICAL CHEMISTRT. 1067the volcmetric determination with Fehling's solution does not givevery satisfactory results, in consequence of the appearance of a deepstraw-yellow colour after boiling for some time, and when about three-fourths of the total cupric oxide has been reduced.The same is thecase when the amount of glucose or " uncrystallisable sugar " in jag-gery, China, o r Jamaica sugars has to be ascertained, and in otherinstances, especially with old pale ale or old lager beer, where thesugar in the beer is reduced by after-fermentation to less than one-halfper cent. Unless the beer solution is added gradually to the copper testand the boiling is repeated several times, a niuddy hydrated coppersuboxide is separated and remains suspended in the liquor, in whichcase even filtering is useless and the test has t o be put aside.Theauthor has devised an apparatus by means of which he is able toapply the ammoniacal alkaline copper test. The results obtained forsuch cases as the above are, however, only approximate, and it istherefore necessary to resort to the application of the polariscope,which, considering the large amount of substance used for a " normalsolution," offers much more trustworthy data for calculation, and itsindication should therefore never be neglected in the analysis of starch-sugar. The author nevertheless considers the ammoniacal copper testas most valuable for telling by merely analytical means whether astarch-sugar or a beer contains only one sugar, or if two of them arepresent ; and such analysis may be safely relied on if there be only onesugar, as in diabetic urine, or in most beers and in raw sugars.Estimation of Urea in Urine. By G.ESBACH (Compt. Tend., 89,417).-The author concludes from his experiments that in a mixtureof glucose and urea, the gas evolved by t'reatment with sodium hypo-bromite varies with the proportion of glucose present. Sodium hypo-bromite causes the evolution of large quantities of gas from glucosesolutions. The quantity of gas evolved from urea is increased by the c. w. w.By J. TATTEESALL (Clzem. News, 40,l2G) .-Papaverhe, when brought in contact with concentrated sul-phuric acid, gives a light pink-violet colour. On heating, this eitherdisappears completely or becomes a light grey, but the following reac-tion is more permanent and more characteristic of the alka1o'id:-Place the substance to be tested in an evaporating basin and heat withconcentrated sulphuric acid and a fragment of sodium arsenate.Adark bluish-violet4 colour is finally obtained, which is very stable. Whenthe contents of the dish are cold, add 10 C.C. of water and pour theorange liquid obtained into a flask, dilrite once more and add soda tostrongly alkaline reaction the liquid rapidly darkens in colour, andwhen an excess has been added appears almost black ; it is violet-redby reflected, and a pink-straw colour by transmitted light. Strych-nine, brucine, morphine, salicin, atropine, narcotine, narceine, digita-line, picrotoxin, curarine, oolchin, and cantharidin do not exhibit thisreaction, becoming, on subsequent addition of alkali, light orange ordirty yellow.Codeine, when heated with sulphuric acid and sodium arsenateD. B.addition of glucose.New Test for Papaverine1068 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.gives a fine deep blue colour, much darker than the one produced byferric chloride under similar circumstances.On addition of waterand alkali this becomes orange, and is characteristic of the alkalo'id.D. B.Detection of Milk Adulteration. By W. H. WATSON (Chew.News, 40, 102).--From analyses of milk from various dairies and bya comparison of the results obtained with the circumstances existingas to the character and quantity of the food, nature of different cows,their condition and health a t particular periods, and changes ofthe seasons of the year, t'he author concludes that cows' milk is sub-ject to considerable variations in composition.He has found in manyinstances milk from well-fed healthy cows t o coutain as little as10*5 per cent. of total solids and from 8.5 to 9 per cent. of solids notfat. The results of other experimenters are compared, and it is sug-gested that the present limits adopted by public analysts for genuinemilk should be reconsidered. D. B.Quantitative Estimation of Milk Fat. Bg F. SOXHLET (Di12g2.poZyt. J., 232,461-465) .--For determining the fat in milk, the authorrecommends the method of extraction by means of ether with the fol-lowing modification, whereby the time is considerably reduced withoutinterfering with the accuracy of the results.The process depends onthe application of anhydrous gypsum for drying the milk and on thease of a peculiarly constructed extraction apparatus. By mixing themilk with burnt gypsum (20 grams for 10 C.C. of milk), the evapora-tion is greatly facilitated. The apparatus used for extracting the fatfrom the dried product is self-acting, and is constructed on the prin-ciple of washing precipitates on filters, and is described in detail inthe original paper. A substance may be extracted 300 times withboiling ether in eleven hours with this apparatus ; during that time,if each washing measures 25 to 30 c.c., 7.5 to 9 litres of boiling etherpass through the substance, although about 80 C.C. only of ether are re-quired to work the apparatus.Composition of Devonshire Cream.By A. W. BLYTH (Ana-Zyst,1879, l4l).-The following is the average composition of Devonsljirecream :-D. B.Water. Case'in. Albumin. Galactin. Lad ochrome.28.675 3.530 -521 -050 undeterminedMilk sugar. Milk fat. Ash. C1 in ash. Calcium phosphate.1.723 65.011 ,490 -013 *373The analysis of Devonshire cream presents but little difficulty. Aweighed portion is taken, the fat melted, and after about half anhour's exposure to the heat of a wat,er-bath most of the casein, &c.,settles t o the bottom and the fat can be poured off as easily as thatfrom butter. The residue remaining is now treated with petroleumand thoroughly exhausted. " The fat " and " solids not fat " are drieASALYTICAL CHEMISTRY.1069separately, which is the only way in which the water can with anyconvenience be estimated. D. B.New Method for Detecting Foreign Fats in Butter. ByJ. KOETTSTORFER ( Z e i t s . ATZUZ. Clmn., 1879, 431-437).-The authorcontinues and concludes a paper the first portion of which appeared inthe Zeitscliu& for 1879, p. 199.Purther analjtical results obtained by the author's mct'hod arehere published, and they hare led him to consider 233 instead of232.4 as the highest number yielded by pure butter, the lower limit,221.5, remaining unaltered. Two analyses can be completed in lessthan an hour, and the process has yielded concordant results in thehands of an assistant. The alcoholic potash solution is best preparedin small quantity only, as it is altered by oxidation; in making it,32 grams of ordinary caustic potash are dissolved in 1 litre of 94 percent.alcohol ; 25 C.C. of this solution will correspond to about 18 C.C.of deminormal hydrochlaric acid. The effect of a sample of butterbecoming rancid is to reduce the quantity of potash solution requiredby 1 gram of the butter by about 1-5 mgm., since some of the acid hasvolatilised ; rancidity does not, however, interfere with the applica-tion of the method to detect adulteration. Some samples analysedyielded the number 192.5 ; they probably contained no butter, andwere mixtures of refined salt and oil. One remarkable specimen con-sisted mainly of oil, in which solid pieces of fat were floating ; the oilgave the number 225, the fat 221.8 ; hence both portions must havecome from genuine butter ; when melted together in the proportionsreceived by the retail dealer, they Fielded only an oily mass.Thismay have been due to the butter fat having becn melted by the maker,and having separated on cooling to 17" into oily and cr~stalline por-tions, as was noticed by Chevreul, the retail dealer having then receivedan undue proportion of' the oily portion ; this sample was most remark-ably rancid. I n comparing the above method with that of Hehner,the author considers that its trustworthiness, and the ease and rapidityof its execution, give it the preference ; but in calculating the percentageof adulteration, the author has taken the average number for lard, suet,and oleomargarin, which number is too high it: the adulterant is oliveor other oil.Heliner's method is better suited to detect the amount ofadulteration, since almost all adulterants give the same proportion ofinsoluble fatty acids, and it will also detect small quantities of butterin large proportions of foreign fat and oil, but for the detection of alllarge adulterations, the author's method is adapted. Tile value of abutter depends not only on its containing genuine butter-fat, but alsoon its comparative freedom from rancidity. An adulterated butterfree from rancidity is often preferred to a genuine one whose rancidityis noticeable. The author has determined the amount of rancidity indifferent samples by titrating the free acid; fyom 3 to 10 grams of thebutter, which had been repeatedly melted and filtered, was weighed intoa flask of about 50 C.C. capacity ; ether, freed from acidity by addingphenol-phthalein and then alcoholic potash until the violet colour wasjust permanent, was added in quantity sufficient to dissolve the butter,and the acid was titrated with alcoholic potash. The number of cubi1 O i O ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.centimeters of normal alkali required for the neutralisation of 100 gramsof butter was on an average 4, but varied in different samples from1 to 8, and in exceptional cases to 15, 26, and even 41.6. Samples re-quiring 8 C.C. represented the limit which would be tolerated in goodbutter. I?. c.Analysis of Butter Fat. By F. P. PERKINS (Analyst, 1879,142).-The following method is proposed, and said to give accurateresults :-Weigh out 1 to 2 grams of purified butter f a t ; saponify in abeaker in the usual way ; drive off the alcohol ; cool ; set free the acidsby the addition of oxalic acid ; pass through a small filter ; wash tho-roughly, first by decantation with cold, and lastly with hot water onthe filter; make up the filtrate to, say 200 C.C. ; transfer 100 C.C. to asmall retort with condenser, and distil slowly until the whole has passedover; add a few drops of litmus solution; titrate wit>h decinormalpotash; calculate the amount consumed by the volatile acids in100 grams of f a t ; and translate t o butyric acid, C4H80z. The in-soluble acids on the filter are treated with hot alcohol, the liquidholding the acids in solution being received in a flask. The filtrate iswashed with alcohol, until it no longer reddens litmus, and the filtrateis made up to 100 C.C. with alcohol. Half of this is taken, colouredwith a suitable indicator, and heated gently ; decinormal potash solutionis run in, and the number of cubic centimeters required for neutrali-sation noted ; the second portion is similarly treated. The first experi-ment serves as a guide to colour, &c. ; the number of cubic centimetersused is ascertained, and the amount required by the non-volat,ile acidsin 100 grams of fat calculated. For the purpose of comparison withfats used as adulterants, it may, perhaps, be convenient to convertthis t o stearic acid, C18H3,0,. D. B

ISSN:0368-1769    

DOI:10.1039/CA8793601051

出版商:RSC    

年代:1879

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

1 O i O ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. T e c h n i c a1 C h e m i s t r y , Heating Steam Boilers. By IF. FISCHER (DingZ. pdyt. J., 232, 237-242, and 336--348).--Tn the first portion of his paper, the author gives a hrief description of the results obtained by va,rious chemists relative to the mode of ascertaining the amount of steam pro- duced by means of a given quantity of fuel. The results obtained by Ormesson, Gamier, Johnson, de la Beche, Playfair, and Brix, are but of limited value, as they disregarded the loss of heat occasioned by the flue gases, arid on this account the author considers Hartig's results more trustworthy, who found that 4'2 to 71 per cent. of the heating power of coal was available for the formation of steam ; from these, and the results obtained by other chemists, it is assumed that prac- tically tjhe heating value of coal is equal to two-thirds of that calcu- lated from its composition.In conducting heating trials with boilers, the problem to be solved is, how much water can be vaporised with 1 kilo. of combustible.TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY. 1071 The quantity of water to be heated is ascertained by weight or measure, but the difference between this and what is left in the boiler does not represent the actual quantity of water converted into steam, as the latter often carries with it large quantities of water (as much as 20 per cent,.). Hallauer and Hugentobler determine the latter by the heat which is liberated by the condensation of a certain quantity of the steam. This method was originally proposed by Hirn, and has been since improved by Linde.According to Knight and Guzzi, a copper vessel is filled with the steam to be examined, and the amount of water determined by weigh- ing. I t is, however, better to condense a certain quantity of the steam, and to determine in the water the chlorine, the sulphuric acid, or any other constituent which is present in the feed vater, whereby the pro- portion of steam and water may be obtained by a simple calculation. It is essential to conduct the heating trial for sonie time, as it is a difficult matter to determine whether boiler and brickwork have exactly the same temperature after the trials as before. It is of little importance to determine the heating power of the combustible for a steam boiler in its present state and under its existing circumstances, since the latter alter materially every day.It is, however, important and necessary to ascertain how much of the heat produced by the fuel is not used for the formation of steam and the causes of this loss. Such sources of error are (1) imperfect combustion; (2j the heat which is removed from the fire-grate with the ashes ; (3) the heat which escapes through the chimney, in conscquence of the higher temperature of the flue gases ; (4) transmission and radiation. Unless the requisite amount of oxygen is admitted to boiler fires to complete the combustion of the fuel, or if the gases evolved are allowed to cool below the temperature of ignition, previous to their combination with the oxygen of the air, soot is deposited, and the flue gases will contain carbonic oxide.Although the loss of heat sustained by the formation of soot is very slight (1 per cent.), carbonic oxide gives rise to considerable losses. Thompson mentions that in the case of 4 2 boilers examined, 42 per cent. of the total heating value was lost by the formation of carbonic oxide, and 12 per cent. by transmission and radiation. In the second part of the paper, Pischer deals principally with the effects produced by the flue gases. I n order to determine the quantity of the latter, the air which enters the fire-place is measured by means of an anemometer. Besides the impossibility of measuring the air accurately, the results are not trustworthy, owing to the difficulty of rendering the brickwork perfectly air-tight.Linde calculates from the quantity of heat, W,, transmitted from a large boiler to the feed water, from the heat evolqed in the heater, IT2, and from the temperature of the flue gases tz between boiler and heater, and t3 behind the heater, both the total quantity of flue gases L, and the temperature in the fire-place t, by the equation The quantity of combustible used is determined by weight.1072 ABSTRACTS OF CHEZIIICAL PAPERS. and W, = Lc (tz -&), c denoting the specific heat - therefore The author mentions that although heating trials have been carried out hitherto with great accuracy as regards the temperatnre of the feed-water, the height of the barometer, &c., incorrect values have been taken for the specific heat of the gases produced by combustion.The following table gives the correct specific heat of the gases :- Air. Oxjgen. Nitrogen. Temperature .......... 0-200" 10-200" 0-200" Specific heat .......... 0.23751 0.21 551 0.2438 Temperature .......... 10-200" - 30- + 10' 10-lOOo Hydrogen. cop cop Specific heat .......... 9.4090 0.18427 0.20246 co,. co. CH4. Temperature .......... 10-210° 10-200" 10-200" Specific heat .......... 0.21692 0.2450 0.59295 Temperature .......... 10-200" 10-200" 10-200" Specific heat .......... 0.4040 0.15531 0.48051 CzH4. so2. H20. I n conclusion various formuke are given for calculating the heating effects produced by the removal of the flue gases. Ferric Chloride as a Purifier of Water. By GUNNING (Bied. Centr., 1879, 467).-This has been tried with great success by the author on trhe water of the Mnas, the quantity used being 0.052 gram per litre.After standing 36 hours the water becomes clear, and can be used without any injurious effect. D. B. J. K. C. Preservation of Drinkable Water. By H. SCHIFF (Bied. Ceiitr., 1870, $GB).-Experiments were made on a water which contained considerable quantities of gypsum and organic matter, and was con- sequently liable to become putrid in hot weather, with evolution of hydrogen sulphide. The addition of 0.3 per cent. of salicylic acid entirely prevented this, and kept the water in good condition. Carbon bisulphide and phenol are mentioned by the author as preservatives of zoological preparations. J. K. C. Composition of a Well-water at Grouville, Jersey. By T. 11. MORGAN (Chew,. News, 40, 97)-The Female Orphans' Home of Grouville, situated in the country, well isolated and far removed from any se:vers, was visited in May last by a severe outbreak of typhoid fever, and as there was no fever i n the neighbourhood i t seemed pro- bable that the source was to be found on the spot.The well yielded water of a plea,sant taste, perfectly clear, and colourless. Its analysis gave per million parts :-TECHNICAL CKEJIISTR’Y’. 1073 N as c‘. Organic. 0 of KMn04. Total solids. Chlorine. nitrates. I. 11. consumed. 1378 326% 26 2 1.8 0.186 The dissolved gases per litre w e r e CO, = 58 C.C. 0 = 4 C.C. N = 15 C.C. When kept for a few days the water acquired an odour, and when this was rendered more sensible by warming in a flask it suggested the smell of putrid urine.This particular well was sunk in the court- yard of the establishment, and afterwards covered in. About, 60 feet; distant a cesspool had been constructed six feet deep. It had long been used, but for the last three years had received urine a,nd soap- suds exclusively ; from this the well is supposed t o have received its pollution. After the outbreak of fever it was emptied and filled up. A bore-well 100 yards from the cesspool and in another direction, gave water of the folloming composition per million parts :- Total solids. Chlorine. Ammonia. and nitrates. I. 11. 840 180 traces 5.5 2.9 2.8 N as nitrites C. Organic. Dissolved gases in a litre :- CO, = 32.5 C.C. 0 = 3.5 C.C. N = 13 C.C. D. B. South American Saltpetre. By G. LANGBEIN (Dingl. polyt. J., 232, 453-460) .-The author explains the formation of Peruvian saltpetre by the assumption that the nitrogen of rotting sea-weeds eliminated as ammonia was oxidised by the air into nitric acid, and that this, combined with the bases present in the sea-water, was con- centrated by spontaneous evaporation. The following is an analysis of the water used in Peruvian salt- petre works for feeding boilers, from which it will be seen that the water represents one of the worst kinds employed for such purposes : Residue per liter in grams ....5.8400 5.8600 CaSOd .................... 2.0606 1.9244 Na,S04 .................... 1.4731 1.5620 MgC1 ...................... 0*2256 0.2269 NaCl ...................... 2.0511 2.1332 This water is now purified by adding sodium carbonate to it in quantity equivalent to the lime and magnesia present, and agitating the mixture by means of a Korting’s elevator.The magnesium carbonate is then decomposed with milk of lime, and the mixture allowed to settle. With regard to the manufacture of saltpetre, various improvement,s have recently been made in boiling out the raw material. Instead of using direct steam, condensers are employed. These form closed square cylinders 12 m. x 1.85 m. x 1-85 m., into which the raw material is brought on perforated trucks, which run on rails. The1074 ABSTRACTS 01’ CHEMICAL PAPERS. trucks and contents remain in the cylinders during the boiling out, and contain a t the end of the operation the insoluble residue. The condensers are worked a t a pressure of 4 to 5 atmospheres, agitation being procured by elevators.In conclusion, analyses of the Peruvian raw material from various deposits are given. The most important deposits are those situated between Taltal and Paposa :- NaN03. NaCl. Na,S04 + H,O. CaCO, and insoluble. 47-2 7.4 26.7 18.7 The saltpetre deposits in Chili are almost unlimited in size, but the layer which yields saltpetre (caliche) is less extensive, its thickness being between 30 and 40 cm. Chemical Technology of Glass. (Dim$. poZyt. J., 232, 348- 353).-Frickinger has observed that Bohemian glass bottles are attacked by sodium tartrate, magnesia, crystallised sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, and by a mixture of camphor and alcohol. Weber has undertaken a large number of experiments as to the chemical composition of glass and the resistance which it offers to atmospheric influences. He has investigated a series of good quality glasses, of defective glasses, and of glasses which can no longer be used practically, and therefore approach near to the defective series.Good glasses are those which are in good condition after being used for some time. According to Weber, their surface should not become covered with moisture when exposed to the air. Defective glasses show a greater tendency to take up moisture, and dirt adheres to them more easily. When they are treated with hydrochloric acid gas, a white stain is produced, whereas good glass remains unaltered. In the paper, numerous analyses of various kinds of glass are arranged tabularly. These analyses show that the quality of glass depends no more on the absolute and often considerable quantity of silicic acid than on the small quantity of alkali present, but that, besides the correct proportion of silicic acid to the bases, the proportion of the lime or the oxide of lead and the alkalis influences the quality of the glass.Thus in the case of defective glasses, the proportion of silicic acid to the bases was less than 3 : 1, and the alkalis predomi- nated over the lime. Although with good glasses, the proportion of silicic acid is often slightly less than that required, they always conta,in more lime than alkalis. D. B. D. B. Phosphorus in Ancient Iron. By A. E. ARNOLD (Chenz. News., 40, 138).-The following is an analysis of a scoria produced in Roman or Etruscan times from the specular ore of Elba :- 0 and unde- FeO.Also3. MnO. CaO. MgO. ZnO. S. P205. SiOd. termined. 76.49 2.57 0.60 1.32 0.64 0.20 0.40 0.34 14.20 3.88 It is of interest to note that the phosphoric acid is about eight times as much in the natural ore, which usually contains 0.04 per cent. P.TECHNICAL CHENISTRY. 1075 The author obtained in 1878 a piece of metallic iron from the same district. It gave on analysis :- Combined carbon. Graphite. Si. S. P. Mn. 0,873 2.853 0,544 0.096 0.090 0.091 Fe203. Fe. Moisture. 2.430 92.804 0.092 Cast-iron recently produced from Elba ore near the same locality con- tained three times the quantity of silicon present in the above analysis, the constituents being as follows :- C. Si. S. P. Mn. Fe. I.. . , . . . . 4.306 1.672 0.067 0.110 0.748 93.256 = 100.159 11... . . . . . 4.147 1.676 0.056 0.108 0.757 93.256 = 100.000 Mean . . . . 4.306 1.674 0.067 0.109 0.753 93.256 = 100.165 D. B. Dephosphorisation of Pig-iron. Bg HEAD (Di~,gl. poZyt. J., 232, 451).-According to Thomas and Gilchrist it is possible to remove within half an hour the whole of the silicon and four-fifths of the phosphorus contained in Cleveland iron. The metal is exposed to a very strong blast in a furnace lined with dolomite and red iron- stone. This discovery has been more fully developed by Bolckow, Vaughan, and Company, who a t present prepare steel in the Bessemer converter from Cleveland iron, which surpasses in purity all other brands of cast-steel. On account of the extremely high temperature which prevails in the converter during the blowing, it must be coated internally with a refractory material, a lining of pure quartz-sand (gnnister) being used.The chemical action which is produced by the intro- duction of air into t’he fused metal is oxidation of all the sub- stances mixed with the iron, besides oxidation of part of the iron itself. The silicon forms silicic acid, the phosphorus, phosphoric acid, and part of the iron,ferric oxide. The latter has two acids at its disposal -SO, in considerable quantity and P,O, in small quantity-the re- sulting product is iron silicate, whereas the p\osphoric acid at the end of the operation is reduced and again enters the iron. A different result is however obtained if, besides f(rric oxide, other bases are present in excess, or, in other words, if the lining of the converter consists of metallic oxides and not of silicic acid.Thomas and Gil- christ’s discovery is based on this circumstance. For lining the con- verter a species of dolomite consisting of 7 per cent. Si02, 3.5 per cent. A1,0, and Fe203 ; 88 per cent. CaCO, and MgCOj is used. This material is ground, pressed in moulds of 223 x 152 x 76 mm., and burnt strongly, so that all the carbonic acid escapes. The bricks are then fixed in the converter. Before charging the latter with the melted iron, a certain quantity of dolomite and red haematite is added, which disbolves in the metallic bath and protects the lining of the converter. After blowing for ten minutes with a blast of 755 mm. mercury, a, further quantity of dolomite and haematite is added and the1076 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.blast continlied for fifteen minutes. Finally fused specular iron is added, and after six minutes’ blowing the operation is finished. The slag formed is basic, whilst hitherto i t was always distinctly acid, and it is due to this circumstance that the phosphorus is absorbed by the slag. The steel prepared from Cleveland iron with 1.5 per cent. phos- phorus contained only 0.02 per cent., and gave very satisfactory results in all trials as to firmness. D. B. Manufacture of Crucible Steel. By H. T. BELL (Chew,. Nezvs, 40, 102).-In giving an outline of the manufacture of steel by cementation, t’he author mentions tliat, after the converting process the bars of steel are co-rered with blisters, and in consequence of the rarious theories proposed t o account for this peculiar formation, i t was thought necessary to make a series of investigations.It was found tliat a marked increase of silicon was obtained where the blisters occurred, whilst the physical and chemical conditions had been changed. The iron had assumed a crystalline structure, and had chemically combined wit’h a certain quantity of caybon. This latter change cummences on the exterior, and extends itself to the interior of the bars, if the process be continued sufficientlylong, thus showing that carbonic oxide never penetrates into the centre of the bar, until the whole is converted into steel. It is a remarkable fact that after the conversion of the iron, a quantity of the charcoal in the converting pots is found in a pulverised state, so as to be unfit for further use.The most important of the elements which affect the quality aln-d mechanical properties of steel are the following :-Carbon, silicon, sulphur, phosphorus, and manganese. The changes which take place when these elements are introduced are well known. D. B. Analysis of Alloys Employed as Stopping for Teeth. By R. BENDER (ATc~L. Plram. [3], 14. 403).-Blandy’s patent “ stopping ” consists of tin 91.63 parts in 100, silver 3.82, and copper 4.4. This is in plates 3 mm. thick, whilst another alloy, which when mixed with mercury forms a hard amalgam, is a silvery-white powder, and con- sists of silver 48.33 parts in 100, tin 36.78, gold 14.72. E. W. P. Investigation of American and Russian Petroleum, By J .BIEL (Diwgl. yolyt. J., 232, 354--363).-1t is stated that the Amerr- can petroleum springs, although more abundant, are poorer in petro- leum than the Russian springs, the average yield of Russian springs being three times as large as that of American. In order to save the expense of plant, the Russian borings are only made 70 meters deep ; while in America their depth is from 300 to 400 meters. Some time ago, the author pcjinted out the superiority of Caucasian petroleum as compared with American petroleum. I t is characterised by its entire absence of tarry substances, and has a greater illumina- ting power. At a meeting of English importers of petroleum held a t Liverpool, the question as to the great alteration in the quality of American petroleum was discussed, when it was shown that the springs formerly worked have been nearly exhausted, and yield only about 25 per cent.of the total exports, the remainder being furnishedTECHNICAL CHEJlISTRY. 1077 by the springs recently discovered in the Bradford district. The oil obtained from this district varies from the original petroleum in many respects. The danger of fire is much greater, as it ignites when warmed to 30”, and i t burns very badly, as it contains a large quantity of heavy oils. Although Russian petroleum is a purer product than American petroleum, its firing point is very low. This is due to the fact that the Russian manufacturers have endeavoured to imitate the speci€c gravity of American petroleum. The author mentions that unless the firing point is increased to 38” (the present firing point being 30”), Russian petroleum carinot compete with American in the European market.The reason that this has not yet been done is, that the Russian manufacturers believed that by altering the firing point the specific gravity would be increased so materially that the oil would lose its property of following the capillary attraction of the wick. The author has investigated this question more minutely, and found that the “drawing up” of petroleum is independent of the specific gravity, but varies with the boiling point; the lower the latter, the greater the tendency to follow the capillary attraction of the wick; moreover the firing point of petroleum does not depend on the specific gravity, but is regulated entirely by the boiling point of the oil.American Baking Powders and Alum. By H. A. MOTT (Anahyst, 1879, 143--14Ci).-The author has examined a large number of baking powders, and found that most of them were largely adulterated. The best powders are composed of pcitassium bitartrate, tartaric acid, ammonium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate, held together by a little starch to prevent decomposition. The injurious powders are composed of alum and sodium bicarbonate, and often con- tain “ terra albn,” insoluble calcium phosphate, &c. The effect of alum on bread is to tend to whiten it, and to prevent an excess of fermentation (when yeast is used), when the altering gluten or cerealin acts too much on the starch, but whilst it acrom- plishes this object, it lessens a t the same time the nutritive value of the bread by rendering the phosphoric acid insoluble. The effectl of alum when taken internally has been shown by Wilmer and others, to produce dyspepsia, constipat>ion, vomiting, griping, and even inflam- mation of the gnstro-enteric niucous membrane, as it is a powerful astringent, acting chemically on the tissues.The advantages of using “ baking powder ” in preference to yeast, are fhat with the former none of the nutritive parts of flour are destroyed, a larger yield is obtained, and the result accomplished wikh a great saving of time, which would otherwise be required to promote the fermentation when yeast is used. The advantage of using baking powder in preference to the ordinary cream of tartar and soda found on the market are not only that it is more economical, but that the results are always successful, there being no fear of producing an alka- line taste or yellow streaks in the product.D. B. D. B. Arsenic in Grape-sugar. VOL. XXSVI. 4 tl By CLO~~ET and RITTER (Bied. Centr., 1879, 477).-The above investigators have independently found that1078 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. all commercial grape-sugar contains arsenic in small quantities ; accord- ing to Ritter the amount varies from 0.0025 to 0.1094 gram per kilo. The arsenic is probably derived from the sulphuric acid used in the manufacture. J. I(. C. Experiments on the Fining of Wine. By E. MACH and Others (Bied. Centr., 1879, 453--456).-The object of these experi- ments was to ascertain the quantity of tannin extracted from wine by varions reagents, such as gelatin, isinglass, white of egg, skimmed milk, and sweet whey, the quantity of each nsecl in the experiments being such that, they contained the same fixed amount of nitrogen.Two wines, a red Teroldigo, and a white Nosiola, of the same age, were employed, the former containing 1.6 and the latter 0.21 per cent;. of tannin. The results prove that the precipitate fornied by each of the above reagents is richer in tannin the larger the quantity con- tained in the mine, but in no case can the whole of t,he tannin be extracted. The amount, however, precipitated per gram of resgent is smaller as the reagent is stronger. For example, a Teroldigo contain- ing 4% per cent. of tannin lost 121.5 grams of taniiin per hectolitre when cleared with 100 grams of gelatin, but when this was added in two parts of 50 grams each 126.8 grams of tannin were precipitated.It is also necessary that the fining reagcnt should be thoroughly mixed with the wine. Both wines lost 0.1 per cent. of tannin by treatment with 100 grams of aluminium phosphate per hectolitre, and the greatest loss of tannin caused by kaolin was 0.5 per cent, in the case of the white wine, and 0.3 per cent. in that of the red. J. K. C. Apple and Pear Wine. By C. MADER (Bied. Centr., 1879, 477).- Thc author finds that the fermented juice prepared from apples and pears in the Tyrol contains from 5 to 6 per cent. of alcohol and about the same quantity of free acid. The quantity of alcohol is too srnall for the fermented juice to keep well.The author suggests the addi- tion of pure sugar, and exposure of the solution to the air, to induce the separation of extractive matter. J. K. C. Artificial Yeast for Molasses Distilleries. By A. MARKL (Bied. Qentr., 1 8 i 9 , 456-459).-The author describes a t some length the preparation of yeast from molasses and bran, the effect of which he cornpares with that of other yeasts. His experiments show that more sugar was decomposed in the same time by this than by any other fer- ment used. J. K. C. Analyses of Water for Brewing. By KRANDAUER ( B i e d . Cedr., 1879, 446).-The quantity of solids in solution in the 52 waters examined ranged from 8 to 9.2 parts per 100,000, thirty samples ranging from 20 to 50. The quantity of chlorine present was from 0.02 to 40.7 parts, in 39 cases the chlorine not being more than 9.5.As regards organic matter, most of the waters could be considered good. The lime and magnesia were determined in 36 cases, in 34 of which the former varied from 1.1 to 16.3 parts, amounting only inTECHNICAL CHEMISTRY. 1079 two cases to over 23. The magnesia ranged from 0.06 to 8.7 parts per 100,000. J. K. C. Remarks on Beer Fermentation. By P. M~LLER and HAUER (Ried. Ceiztr., 1879, 462-463) .-The authors enlarge on the import- ance of examining yeast for cells of Saccharoinyces eaiguus, as the pre- sence of these causes an after fermentatiou highly injurious to the taste of the beer. J. K. C. Researches on Beer. By G. HOLZNER and Others (Bied. Centr., 1872, 450-452). The most important result noted in the paper is that the amount of phosphoric acid in beer is no criterion of its quality.The analyses of 25 samples of beer is given in a tabular form. J. K. C. Explosion of the Flour Mills a t Minneapolis, Minnesota. By S. F. PECKHAM (Chem. News, 40, 59--61).-In describing the ex- plosion of the flour mills a t the above place the author mentions that, although his point of observation was about a mile distant, he heard a noise that sounded as if something as heavy as a barrel of flour had been tipped over immediately above the floor of the room he occupied. A few seconds later the sound was repeated, and in less than two minutes from the time of the first explosion, the elevator, which was 108 feet high, mas wrapped in flames from top to bottom, while in five minutes, six flour mills, the elevator, a machine shop, blacksmith's shop, and planing mill, with a number of empty and loaded cars, were in flames.The enormous and sudden displacement of air which fol- lowed the explosion, and the tremendous force which was conse- quently exerted laterally, was shown in the condit'ion of the round- house of the railroad forty or fifty feet from the mills. The sills were drawn out towards the mill until the building, which was a wooden structure, burst, letting a part of the roof fall in and leaving the sides standing at a sharp angle. On the river a t the water's edge a dis- placement of the water, producing a wave estimated to be eighteen inches high, was noticed before the report of the explosion mas heard.As to the causes of the explosion, various theories have been pro- posed. The author mentions that there is but little doubt that in any flour mill sufficient dust accumulates upon beams and machinery to produce an explosive atmosphere, if from any cause this dusc is scat- tered into the air and flame is communicated to the mixture while the dust is suspended. A number of experiments showed that the wheat enters the stones from the dryers a t a temperaiure of 100" F., and that it leaves the stones a t 120-130°. The temperature of the ground middlings as it left the stones averaged about 10" higher. It is the concurrent testimony of millers and millowners that dry stones are of comparatively frequent occurrence, and that they are practically un- avoidable. Obstruction of the feed from any one of it number of accidental causes will produce dry stones.The danger arises from the friction of the stones heating the last portion of the grist that remains between the stones to a temperature sufficient to char it or1080 ABSTRAUTS O F CHEMICAL PAPERS. convert it into a substance resembling tinder, which would readily ignite frnm a spark produced by the stones striking together. Another source of danger arises from nails or gravel passing between the stones with the grist and increasing the friction. The problem therefore for the consideration of millers, &c., is how to prevent or detect dry stones, particularly those used for grinding middlings, it having been urged that the formation of dry stones can hardly be avoided by any amount of care.D. B. Explosion of Nitromannite. By N. SOKOLOFF (Deut. Chew Ges. Rer., 12,688).-A perfect explosion of moist pyroxylin containing 25 per cent. of water is induced by the explosion of 2 grams of nitro- mannite enclosed in a capsule. The explosion of nitromannite can be effected by the explosion of 0.2 gram of mercury fulminate or diazo- benzene nitrate. The same effect is produced bv the det,onation of more than 1 gram of potassium picrate or potassiu;m chlorate. G. T. A. The Proper Time for Pressing Olives. By BECHI (Bied. Centr., 8, 309).-The author finds that olives which have lain two months after being gathered contain 4.6 per cent. more oil than the freshly gathered fruit. J. K. C. Extinguishing Fires in Tar Distilleries. By W. SHITH ( C h n .News, 39, 190).-The author has found the crude ammonia water known as gas-liquor to be very efficacious in extinguishing the fire from burning pitch, although wntfer alone seemed to have no effect. He therefore recommends that the supply of gas-liquor in tar distil- leries should b3 so disposed as to be arailable for extinguishing fires in any part of the works, and that owners of cotton mills, &c., should erect tanks furnished with supply pipes, and keep a suitable stock of the liquor on hand. J. M. H. M. Salicylic Acid as a Preventative of House-fungus. By I?. FALSKY ( B i d Centr., 1879, 465) .-The author recommends an alco- holic solution of 5 grams salicylic acid per litre, which entirely de- stroys the fungus and prevents its reappearance in places which have been washed with the solution.J. K. C. Method of Preventing House-fungus. By H. ZERENER ( B i d . Centr., 1879, 480).-The author uses either waterglass or infusorial earth, to which 6 per cent. of salt and 3 per cent. of boric acid have been added. J. K. C.1 O i O ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.T e c h n i c a1 C h e m i s t r y ,Heating Steam Boilers. By IF. FISCHER (DingZ. pdyt. J., 232,237-242, and 336--348).--Tn the first portion of his paper, theauthor gives a hrief description of the results obtained by va,riouschemists relative to the mode of ascertaining the amount of steam pro-duced by means of a given quantity of fuel. The results obtained byOrmesson, Gamier, Johnson, de la Beche, Playfair, and Brix, are butof limited value, as they disregarded the loss of heat occasioned by theflue gases, arid on this account the author considers Hartig's resultsmore trustworthy, who found that 4'2 to 71 per cent.of the heatingpower of coal was available for the formation of steam ; from these,and the results obtained by other chemists, it is assumed that prac-tically tjhe heating value of coal is equal to two-thirds of that calcu-lated from its composition.In conducting heating trials with boilers, the problem to be solvedis, how much water can be vaporised with 1 kilo. of combustibleTECHNICAL CHEMISTRY. 1071The quantity of water to be heated is ascertained by weight or measure,but the difference between this and what is left in the boiler does notrepresent the actual quantity of water converted into steam, as thelatter often carries with it large quantities of water (as much as 20 percent,.).Hallauer and Hugentobler determine the latter by the heatwhich is liberated by the condensation of a certain quantity of thesteam. This method was originally proposed by Hirn, and has beensince improved by Linde.According to Knight and Guzzi, a copper vessel is filled with thesteam to be examined, and the amount of water determined by weigh-ing. I t is, however, better to condense a certain quantity of the steam,and to determine in the water the chlorine, the sulphuric acid, or anyother constituent which is present in the feed vater, whereby the pro-portion of steam and water may be obtained by a simple calculation.It isessential to conduct the heating trial for sonie time, as it is a difficultmatter to determine whether boiler and brickwork have exactly thesame temperature after the trials as before.It is of little importanceto determine the heating power of the combustible for a steam boiler inits present state and under its existing circumstances, since the latteralter materially every day. It is, however, important and necessary toascertain how much of the heat produced by the fuel is not used forthe formation of steam and the causes of this loss. Such sources oferror are (1) imperfect combustion; (2j the heat which is removedfrom the fire-grate with the ashes ; (3) the heat which escapes throughthe chimney, in conscquence of the higher temperature of the fluegases ; (4) transmission and radiation.Unless the requisite amountof oxygen is admitted to boiler fires to complete the combustion of thefuel, or if the gases evolved are allowed to cool below the temperatureof ignition, previous to their combination with the oxygen of the air,soot is deposited, and the flue gases will contain carbonic oxide.Although the loss of heat sustained by the formation of soot is veryslight (1 per cent.), carbonic oxide gives rise to considerable losses.Thompson mentions that in the case of 4 2 boilers examined, 42 per cent.of the total heating value was lost by the formation of carbonic oxide,and 12 per cent. by transmission and radiation.In the second part of the paper, Pischer deals principally with theeffects produced by the flue gases.I n order to determine the quantityof the latter, the air which enters the fire-place is measured by meansof an anemometer. Besides the impossibility of measuring the airaccurately, the results are not trustworthy, owing to the difficulty ofrendering the brickwork perfectly air-tight.Linde calculates from the quantity of heat, W,, transmitted from alarge boiler to the feed water, from the heat evolqed in the heater, IT2,and from the temperature of the flue gases tz between boiler andheater, and t3 behind the heater, both the total quantity of flue gasesL, and the temperature in the fire-place t, by the equationThe quantity of combustible used is determined by weight1072 ABSTRACTS OF CHEZIIICAL PAPERS.and W, = Lc (tz -&), c denoting the specific heat - thereforeThe author mentions that although heating trials have been carriedout hitherto with great accuracy as regards the temperatnre of thefeed-water, the height of the barometer, &c., incorrect values havebeen taken for the specific heat of the gases produced by combustion.The following table gives the correct specific heat of the gases :-Air.Oxjgen. Nitrogen.Temperature .......... 0-200" 10-200" 0-200"Specific heat .......... 0.23751 0.21 551 0.2438Temperature .......... 10-200" - 30- + 10' 10-lOOoHydrogen. cop copSpecific heat .......... 9.4090 0.18427 0.20246co,. co. CH4.Temperature .......... 10-210° 10-200" 10-200"Specific heat .......... 0.21692 0.2450 0.59295Temperature ..........10-200" 10-200" 10-200"Specific heat .......... 0.4040 0.15531 0.48051CzH4. so2. H20.I n conclusion various formuke are given for calculating the heatingeffects produced by the removal of the flue gases.Ferric Chloride as a Purifier of Water. By GUNNING (Bied.Centr., 1879, 467).-This has been tried with great success by theauthor on trhe water of the Mnas, the quantity used being 0.052 gramper litre. After standing 36 hours the water becomes clear, and canbe used without any injurious effect.D. B.J. K. C.Preservation of Drinkable Water. By H. SCHIFF (Bied. Ceiitr.,1870, $GB).-Experiments were made on a water which containedconsiderable quantities of gypsum and organic matter, and was con-sequently liable to become putrid in hot weather, with evolution ofhydrogen sulphide.The addition of 0.3 per cent. of salicylic acidentirely prevented this, and kept the water in good condition. Carbonbisulphide and phenol are mentioned by the author as preservatives ofzoological preparations. J. K. C.Composition of a Well-water at Grouville, Jersey. By T. 11.MORGAN (Chew,. News, 40, 97)-The Female Orphans' Home ofGrouville, situated in the country, well isolated and far removed fromany se:vers, was visited in May last by a severe outbreak of typhoidfever, and as there was no fever i n the neighbourhood i t seemed pro-bable that the source was to be found on the spot. The well yieldedwater of a plea,sant taste, perfectly clear, and colourless. Its analysisgave per million parts :TECHNICAL CKEJIISTR’Y’.1073N as c‘. Organic. 0 of KMn04.Total solids. Chlorine. nitrates. I. 11. consumed.1378 326% 26 2 1.8 0.186The dissolved gases per litre w e r eCO, = 58 C.C. 0 = 4 C.C. N = 15 C.C.When kept for a few days the water acquired an odour, and when thiswas rendered more sensible by warming in a flask it suggested thesmell of putrid urine. This particular well was sunk in the court-yard of the establishment, and afterwards covered in. About, 60 feet;distant a cesspool had been constructed six feet deep. It had longbeen used, but for the last three years had received urine a,nd soap-suds exclusively ; from this the well is supposed t o have received itspollution. After the outbreak of fever it was emptied and filled up.A bore-well 100 yards from the cesspool and in another direction, gavewater of the folloming composition per million parts :-Total solids. Chlorine.Ammonia. and nitrates. I. 11.840 180 traces 5.5 2.9 2.8N as nitrites C. Organic.Dissolved gases in a litre :-CO, = 32.5 C.C. 0 = 3.5 C.C. N = 13 C.C.D. B.South American Saltpetre. By G. LANGBEIN (Dingl. polyt. J.,232, 453-460) .-The author explains the formation of Peruviansaltpetre by the assumption that the nitrogen of rotting sea-weedseliminated as ammonia was oxidised by the air into nitric acid, andthat this, combined with the bases present in the sea-water, was con-centrated by spontaneous evaporation.The following is an analysis of the water used in Peruvian salt-petre works for feeding boilers, from which it will be seen that thewater represents one of the worst kinds employed for such purposes :Residue per liter in grams ....5.8400 5.8600CaSOd .................... 2.0606 1.9244Na,S04 .................... 1.4731 1.5620MgC1 ...................... 0*2256 0.2269NaCl ...................... 2.0511 2.1332This water is now purified by adding sodium carbonate to it inquantity equivalent to the lime and magnesia present, and agitatingthe mixture by means of a Korting’s elevator. The magnesiumcarbonate is then decomposed with milk of lime, and the mixtureallowed to settle.With regard to the manufacture of saltpetre, various improvement,shave recently been made in boiling out the raw material. Instead ofusing direct steam, condensers are employed.These form closedsquare cylinders 12 m. x 1.85 m. x 1-85 m., into which the rawmaterial is brought on perforated trucks, which run on rails. Th1074 ABSTRACTS 01’ CHEMICAL PAPERS.trucks and contents remain in the cylinders during the boiling out,and contain a t the end of the operation the insoluble residue. Thecondensers are worked a t a pressure of 4 to 5 atmospheres, agitationbeing procured by elevators.In conclusion, analyses of the Peruvian raw material from variousdeposits are given. The most important deposits are those situatedbetween Taltal and Paposa :-NaN03. NaCl. Na,S04 + H,O. CaCO, and insoluble.47-2 7.4 26.7 18.7The saltpetre deposits in Chili are almost unlimited in size, but thelayer which yields saltpetre (caliche) is less extensive, its thicknessbeing between 30 and 40 cm.Chemical Technology of Glass.(Dim$. poZyt. J., 232, 348-353).-Frickinger has observed that Bohemian glass bottles areattacked by sodium tartrate, magnesia, crystallised sodium carbonate,potassium carbonate, and by a mixture of camphor and alcohol.Weber has undertaken a large number of experiments as to thechemical composition of glass and the resistance which it offers toatmospheric influences. He has investigated a series of good qualityglasses, of defective glasses, and of glasses which can no longer beused practically, and therefore approach near to the defective series.Good glasses are those which are in good condition after being usedfor some time.According to Weber, their surface should not becomecovered with moisture when exposed to the air. Defective glassesshow a greater tendency to take up moisture, and dirt adheres to themmore easily. When they are treated with hydrochloric acid gas, awhite stain is produced, whereas good glass remains unaltered.In the paper, numerous analyses of various kinds of glass arearranged tabularly. These analyses show that the quality of glassdepends no more on the absolute and often considerable quantity ofsilicic acid than on the small quantity of alkali present, but that,besides the correct proportion of silicic acid to the bases, the proportionof the lime or the oxide of lead and the alkalis influences the qualityof the glass.Thus in the case of defective glasses, the proportion ofsilicic acid to the bases was less than 3 : 1, and the alkalis predomi-nated over the lime. Although with good glasses, the proportion ofsilicic acid is often slightly less than that required, they always conta,inmore lime than alkalis.D. B.D. B.Phosphorus in Ancient Iron. By A. E. ARNOLD (Chenz. News.,40, 138).-The following is an analysis of a scoria produced inRoman or Etruscan times from the specular ore of Elba :-0 and unde-FeO. Also3. MnO. CaO. MgO. ZnO. S. P205. SiOd. termined.76.49 2.57 0.60 1.32 0.64 0.20 0.40 0.34 14.20 3.88It is of interest to note that the phosphoric acid is about eight timesas much in the natural ore, which usually contains 0.04 per cent. PTECHNICAL CHENISTRY.1075The author obtained in 1878 a piece of metallic iron from the samedistrict. It gave on analysis :-Combined carbon. Graphite. Si. S. P. Mn.0,873 2.853 0,544 0.096 0.090 0.091Fe203. Fe. Moisture.2.430 92.804 0.092Cast-iron recently produced from Elba ore near the same locality con-tained three times the quantity of silicon present in the above analysis,the constituents being as follows :-C. Si. S. P. Mn. Fe.I.. . , . . . . 4.306 1.672 0.067 0.110 0.748 93.256 = 100.15911.. . . . . . . 4.147 1.676 0.056 0.108 0.757 93.256 = 100.000Mean . . . . 4.306 1.674 0.067 0.109 0.753 93.256 = 100.165D. B.Dephosphorisation of Pig-iron. Bg HEAD (Di~,gl. poZyt. J.,232, 451).-According to Thomas and Gilchrist it is possible toremove within half an hour the whole of the silicon and four-fifths ofthe phosphorus contained in Cleveland iron.The metal is exposed toa very strong blast in a furnace lined with dolomite and red iron-stone. This discovery has been more fully developed by Bolckow,Vaughan, and Company, who a t present prepare steel in the Bessemerconverter from Cleveland iron, which surpasses in purity all otherbrands of cast-steel.On account of the extremely high temperature which prevails inthe converter during the blowing, it must be coated internallywith a refractory material, a lining of pure quartz-sand (gnnister)being used. The chemical action which is produced by the intro-duction of air into t’he fused metal is oxidation of all the sub-stances mixed with the iron, besides oxidation of part of the iron itself.The silicon forms silicic acid, the phosphorus, phosphoric acid, andpart of the iron,ferric oxide.The latter has two acids at its disposal-SO, in considerable quantity and P,O, in small quantity-the re-sulting product is iron silicate, whereas the p\osphoric acid at the endof the operation is reduced and again enters the iron. A differentresult is however obtained if, besides f(rric oxide, other bases arepresent in excess, or, in other words, if the lining of the converterconsists of metallic oxides and not of silicic acid. Thomas and Gil-christ’s discovery is based on this circumstance. For lining the con-verter a species of dolomite consisting of 7 per cent. Si02, 3.5 percent. A1,0, and Fe203 ; 88 per cent.CaCO, and MgCOj is used. Thismaterial is ground, pressed in moulds of 223 x 152 x 76 mm., andburnt strongly, so that all the carbonic acid escapes. The bricks arethen fixed in the converter. Before charging the latter with themelted iron, a certain quantity of dolomite and red haematite is added,which disbolves in the metallic bath and protects the lining of theconverter. After blowing for ten minutes with a blast of 755 mm.mercury, a, further quantity of dolomite and haematite is added and th1076 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.blast continlied for fifteen minutes. Finally fused specular iron is added,and after six minutes’ blowing the operation is finished. The slagformed is basic, whilst hitherto i t was always distinctly acid, and it isdue to this circumstance that the phosphorus is absorbed by the slag.The steel prepared from Cleveland iron with 1.5 per cent.phos-phorus contained only 0.02 per cent., and gave very satisfactory resultsin all trials as to firmness. D. B.Manufacture of Crucible Steel. By H. T. BELL (Chew,. Nezvs,40, 102).-In giving an outline of the manufacture of steel bycementation, t’he author mentions tliat, after the converting processthe bars of steel are co-rered with blisters, and in consequence of therarious theories proposed t o account for this peculiar formation, i twas thought necessary to make a series of investigations. It wasfound tliat a marked increase of silicon was obtained where theblisters occurred, whilst the physical and chemical conditions hadbeen changed.The iron had assumed a crystalline structure, and hadchemically combined wit’h a certain quantity of caybon. This latterchange cummences on the exterior, and extends itself to the interiorof the bars, if the process be continued sufficientlylong, thus showingthat carbonic oxide never penetrates into the centre of the bar, untilthe whole is converted into steel. It is a remarkable fact that afterthe conversion of the iron, a quantity of the charcoal in the convertingpots is found in a pulverised state, so as to be unfit for further use.The most important of the elements which affect the quality aln-dmechanical properties of steel are the following :-Carbon, silicon,sulphur, phosphorus, and manganese.The changes which take placewhen these elements are introduced are well known. D. B.Analysis of Alloys Employed as Stopping for Teeth. By R.BENDER (ATc~L. Plram. [3], 14. 403).-Blandy’s patent “ stopping ”consists of tin 91.63 parts in 100, silver 3.82, and copper 4.4. Thisis in plates 3 mm. thick, whilst another alloy, which when mixed withmercury forms a hard amalgam, is a silvery-white powder, and con-sists of silver 48.33 parts in 100, tin 36.78, gold 14.72.E. W. P.Investigation of American and Russian Petroleum, By J .BIEL (Diwgl. yolyt. J., 232, 354--363).-1t is stated that the Amerr-can petroleum springs, although more abundant, are poorer in petro-leum than the Russian springs, the average yield of Russian springsbeing three times as large as that of American.In order to save theexpense of plant, the Russian borings are only made 70 meters deep ;while in America their depth is from 300 to 400 meters.Some time ago, the author pcjinted out the superiority of Caucasianpetroleum as compared with American petroleum. I t is characterisedby its entire absence of tarry substances, and has a greater illumina-ting power. At a meeting of English importers of petroleum held a tLiverpool, the question as to the great alteration in the quality ofAmerican petroleum was discussed, when it was shown that thesprings formerly worked have been nearly exhausted, and yield onlyabout 25 per cent. of the total exports, the remainder being furnisheTECHNICAL CHEJlISTRY. 1077by the springs recently discovered in the Bradford district.The oilobtained from this district varies from the original petroleum in manyrespects. The danger of fire is much greater, as it ignites whenwarmed to 30”, and i t burns very badly, as it contains a large quantityof heavy oils.Although Russian petroleum is a purer product than Americanpetroleum, its firing point is very low. This is due to the fact thatthe Russian manufacturers have endeavoured to imitate the speci€cgravity of American petroleum. The author mentions that unless thefiring point is increased to 38” (the present firing point being 30”),Russian petroleum carinot compete with American in the Europeanmarket. The reason that this has not yet been done is, that theRussian manufacturers believed that by altering the firing point thespecific gravity would be increased so materially that the oil wouldlose its property of following the capillary attraction of the wick.The author has investigated this question more minutely, and foundthat the “drawing up” of petroleum is independent of the specificgravity, but varies with the boiling point; the lower the latter, thegreater the tendency to follow the capillary attraction of the wick;moreover the firing point of petroleum does not depend on the specificgravity, but is regulated entirely by the boiling point of the oil.American Baking Powders and Alum.By H. A. MOTT(Anahyst, 1879, 143--14Ci).-The author has examined a largenumber of baking powders, and found that most of them were largelyadulterated.The best powders are composed of pcitassium bitartrate,tartaric acid, ammonium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate, heldtogether by a little starch to prevent decomposition. The injuriouspowders are composed of alum and sodium bicarbonate, and often con-tain “ terra albn,” insoluble calcium phosphate, &c.The effect of alum on bread is to tend to whiten it, and to preventan excess of fermentation (when yeast is used), when the alteringgluten or cerealin acts too much on the starch, but whilst it acrom-plishes this object, it lessens a t the same time the nutritive value ofthe bread by rendering the phosphoric acid insoluble. The effectl ofalum when taken internally has been shown by Wilmer and others, toproduce dyspepsia, constipat>ion, vomiting, griping, and even inflam-mation of the gnstro-enteric niucous membrane, as it is a powerfulastringent, acting chemically on the tissues.The advantages of using “ baking powder ” in preference to yeast,are fhat with the former none of the nutritive parts of flour aredestroyed, a larger yield is obtained, and the result accomplished wikha great saving of time, which would otherwise be required to promotethe fermentation when yeast is used.The advantage of using bakingpowder in preference to the ordinary cream of tartar and soda foundon the market are not only that it is more economical, but that theresults are always successful, there being no fear of producing an alka-line taste or yellow streaks in the product.D.B.D. B.Arsenic in Grape-sugar.VOL. XXSVI. 4 tlBy CLO~~ET and RITTER (Bied. Centr.,1879, 477).-The above investigators have independently found tha1078 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.all commercial grape-sugar contains arsenic in small quantities ; accord-ing to Ritter the amount varies from 0.0025 to 0.1094 gram per kilo.The arsenic is probably derived from the sulphuric acid used in themanufacture. J. I(. C.Experiments on the Fining of Wine. By E. MACH andOthers (Bied. Centr., 1879, 453--456).-The object of these experi-ments was to ascertain the quantity of tannin extracted from wine byvarions reagents, such as gelatin, isinglass, white of egg, skimmedmilk, and sweet whey, the quantity of each nsecl in the experimentsbeing such that, they contained the same fixed amount of nitrogen.Two wines, a red Teroldigo, and a white Nosiola, of the same age,were employed, the former containing 1.6 and the latter 0.21 percent;.of tannin. The results prove that the precipitate fornied by eachof the above reagents is richer in tannin the larger the quantity con-tained in the mine, but in no case can the whole of t,he tannin beextracted. The amount, however, precipitated per gram of resgent issmaller as the reagent is stronger. For example, a Teroldigo contain-ing 4% per cent. of tannin lost 121.5 grams of taniiin per hectolitrewhen cleared with 100 grams of gelatin, but when this was added intwo parts of 50 grams each 126.8 grams of tannin were precipitated.It is also necessary that the fining reagcnt should be thoroughlymixed with the wine.Both wines lost 0.1 per cent. of tannin bytreatment with 100 grams of aluminium phosphate per hectolitre,and the greatest loss of tannin caused by kaolin was 0.5 per cent, inthe case of the white wine, and 0.3 per cent. in that of the red.J. K. C.Apple and Pear Wine. By C. MADER (Bied. Centr., 1879, 477).-Thc author finds that the fermented juice prepared from apples andpears in the Tyrol contains from 5 to 6 per cent. of alcohol and aboutthe same quantity of free acid. The quantity of alcohol is too srnallfor the fermented juice to keep well. The author suggests the addi-tion of pure sugar, and exposure of the solution to the air, to inducethe separation of extractive matter.J. K. C.Artificial Yeast for Molasses Distilleries. By A. MARKL (Bied.Qentr., 1 8 i 9 , 456-459).-The author describes a t some length thepreparation of yeast from molasses and bran, the effect of which hecornpares with that of other yeasts. His experiments show that moresugar was decomposed in the same time by this than by any other fer-ment used. J. K. C.Analyses of Water for Brewing. By KRANDAUER ( B i e d . Cedr.,1879, 446).-The quantity of solids in solution in the 52 watersexamined ranged from 8 to 9.2 parts per 100,000, thirty samplesranging from 20 to 50. The quantity of chlorine present was from0.02 to 40.7 parts, in 39 cases the chlorine not being more than 9.5.As regards organic matter, most of the waters could be consideredgood. The lime and magnesia were determined in 36 cases, in 34 ofwhich the former varied from 1.1 to 16.3 parts, amounting only iTECHNICAL CHEMISTRY. 1079two cases to over 23.The magnesia ranged from 0.06 to 8.7 partsper 100,000. J. K. C.Remarks on Beer Fermentation. By P. M~LLER and HAUER(Ried. Ceiztr., 1879, 462-463) .-The authors enlarge on the import-ance of examining yeast for cells of Saccharoinyces eaiguus, as the pre-sence of these causes an after fermentatiou highly injurious to thetaste of the beer. J. K. C.Researches on Beer. By G. HOLZNER and Others (Bied. Centr.,1872, 450-452). The most important result noted in the paper isthat the amount of phosphoric acid in beer is no criterion of itsquality. The analyses of 25 samples of beer is given in a tabularform.J. K. C.Explosion of the Flour Mills a t Minneapolis, Minnesota.By S. F. PECKHAM (Chem. News, 40, 59--61).-In describing the ex-plosion of the flour mills a t the above place the author mentions that,although his point of observation was about a mile distant, he heard anoise that sounded as if something as heavy as a barrel of flour hadbeen tipped over immediately above the floor of the room he occupied.A few seconds later the sound was repeated, and in less than twominutes from the time of the first explosion, the elevator, which was108 feet high, mas wrapped in flames from top to bottom, while infive minutes, six flour mills, the elevator, a machine shop, blacksmith'sshop, and planing mill, with a number of empty and loaded cars, werein flames.The enormous and sudden displacement of air which fol-lowed the explosion, and the tremendous force which was conse-quently exerted laterally, was shown in the condit'ion of the round-house of the railroad forty or fifty feet from the mills. The sills weredrawn out towards the mill until the building, which was a woodenstructure, burst, letting a part of the roof fall in and leaving the sidesstanding at a sharp angle. On the river a t the water's edge a dis-placement of the water, producing a wave estimated to be eighteeninches high, was noticed before the report of the explosion masheard.As to the causes of the explosion, various theories have been pro-posed. The author mentions that there is but little doubt that in anyflour mill sufficient dust accumulates upon beams and machinery toproduce an explosive atmosphere, if from any cause this dusc is scat-tered into the air and flame is communicated to the mixture while thedust is suspended.A number of experiments showed that the wheatenters the stones from the dryers a t a temperaiure of 100" F., andthat it leaves the stones a t 120-130°. The temperature of the groundmiddlings as it left the stones averaged about 10" higher. It is theconcurrent testimony of millers and millowners that dry stones are ofcomparatively frequent occurrence, and that they are practically un-avoidable. Obstruction of the feed from any one of it number ofaccidental causes will produce dry stones. The danger arises fromthe friction of the stones heating the last portion of the grist thatremains between the stones to a temperature sufficient to char it o1080 ABSTRAUTS O F CHEMICAL PAPERS.convert it into a substance resembling tinder, which would readilyignite frnm a spark produced by the stones striking together. Anothersource of danger arises from nails or gravel passing between the stoneswith the grist and increasing the friction. The problem therefore forthe consideration of millers, &c., is how to prevent or detect dry stones,particularly those used for grinding middlings, it having been urgedthat the formation of dry stones can hardly be avoided by any amountof care. D. B.Explosion of Nitromannite. By N. SOKOLOFF (Deut. ChewGes. Rer., 12,688).-A perfect explosion of moist pyroxylin containing25 per cent. of water is induced by the explosion of 2 grams of nitro-mannite enclosed in a capsule. The explosion of nitromannite can beeffected by the explosion of 0.2 gram of mercury fulminate or diazo-benzene nitrate. The same effect is produced bv the det,onation ofmore than 1 gram of potassium picrate or potassiu;m chlorate.G. T. A.The Proper Time for Pressing Olives. By BECHI (Bied. Centr.,8, 309).-The author finds that olives which have lain two monthsafter being gathered contain 4.6 per cent. more oil than the freshlygathered fruit. J. K. C.Extinguishing Fires in Tar Distilleries. By W. SHITH ( C h n .News, 39, 190).-The author has found the crude ammonia waterknown as gas-liquor to be very efficacious in extinguishing the firefrom burning pitch, although wntfer alone seemed to have no effect.He therefore recommends that the supply of gas-liquor in tar distil-leries should b3 so disposed as to be arailable for extinguishing firesin any part of the works, and that owners of cotton mills, &c., shoulderect tanks furnished with supply pipes, and keep a suitable stock ofthe liquor on hand. J. M. H. M.Salicylic Acid as a Preventative of House-fungus. By I?.FALSKY ( B i d Centr., 1879, 465) .-The author recommends an alco-holic solution of 5 grams salicylic acid per litre, which entirely de-stroys the fungus and prevents its reappearance in places which havebeen washed with the solution. J. K. C.Method of Preventing House-fungus. By H. ZERENER ( B i d .Centr., 1879, 480).-The author uses either waterglass or infusorialearth, to which 6 per cent. of salt and 3 per cent. of boric acid havebeen added. J. K. C

ISSN:0368-1769    

DOI:10.1039/CA8793601070

出版商:RSC    

年代:1879

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

INDEX OF AUTHORS’ NAMES.ABSTRACTS. 1879,A.Abel, F. A., recent contributions to theA b t , A., continuous spectrum of theA n s c h u t z , R., and L. P. K i n n i c u t t ,phcnglglpccric acid, 644.anthreneauinone, 538.history of detonating agents, 846.Abel. See also Noble.electric mark. 765. a , Adam, A., new and rapid process foranalysis of butter, 80.Adams, F. D., presence .of chlorine inscapolites, 697.Ador, E. A., and J. M. C r a f t s , action ofphthalic anhydride on naphtlialencin presence of aluminium chloride,940.Ador, E., and A. R i l l i e t , hydrocarbonsproduced by the action of nietli~lchloride on benzene in presence ofaluminium chloride, 228, 527.A d o r . See also F r i e d e l .Adrianowsky, A., action of acetic andsulphurous anhydrides on aluminiumchloride, 620, 915.A l b e r t , I€., andL.S i e g f r i e d , estima-tion of the value of superphosphates,967.A l l e n , A. H., distinctive tests forphenol, cresol, and creosote, 182. - petroleum spirit aud benzene,1063. - presence of nitrogen in steel,1017.A1 1 i h n, F., compounds of ethyl mono-chloracetoacetate, 915.d m a y a t , E. H., compressibility of gasesat high pressures, 1004.A n d r e a s c h , R., ashof the garden pinkand rose, 338. - decomposition of ammonium for-mate by heat, 705.A n d r e o n i , G., nicotine, 731.A n d r e w s, T., curious concretion-ballsderived from a colliery mineral water,1024.A n n a h e im, J., tetraiiitro-oxysulpho-benzide, 244.VOL. XYXVI.A n s d e 11, b., physical properties ofliquid acetylene, 1028.Bra ta, P.N:, dkalo‘id of Bacchnris cor-difolia, 1045.Arnold, A. E., phosphorus in ancientiron, 1074. - solubility of stannic oxide in hjdro-chloric acid, 888.Aronheim, B., action of nitrous acidon resorcinol ethers, 465. - action of nitrous acid on stannicplienyl chloride, 651. - on Schutzenberger’s chlorine andiodine acetates, 452.- spthesis of the compounds ofplienyl with tin, 249.A r z r u n i, A., crystallographical andchernicnl exainiiiakioii of some arsenicalpyrites, 900.A s c h e n b ra n d t, H., paradiethjlben-zene from paradibroinobenzenc, 920.A t t en k o f e r, G., a simple gns-holder,877.d u e r b a c h , F., the passage of the gal-vanic currcnt through iron, 686.A u s t e n, P.T., on dinitropa~adibromo-benzenes and their derivatires, 50.A y r t o n , W. E., electrical properties ofbees’ wax and l e d chloride, 427.B.Babcock. See Hiibnev.Baeyer, A., action of phosphorus pen-tanhloride on isatin and allied com-pounds, 535. - diphenylphtlialide and phenyl-phthale‘in, 636.4 1082 INDEX OF AUTHORS.Baeyer, A., synthesis of chinoline, 946. - the indigo-blue group, 937.13 a1 b i an o, L., a-isochlorobutyric acidB a l l a n d , waters of the ChBliff, 699.B a1 lo, M., action of dehydrating agentson camphoric and camphommic acids,539. - mineral waters of Buda-Pesth,125.B a 1 soh n, M., action of ethylene onbenzene iE presence of aluminium chlo-ride, 785.and its deriratiTes, 615.B a l t i l s .See BBchamp.Bancel, C., and C. Husson, phospho-Bandrowski, E.. reaction of dibromo-U a n t 1 i n , A., metanitrophenol and itsB a s b i e r i, J., albumino‘ids of gourdB a r b i e r i . See also Schulze.B a r d y , C., and L. B o r d e t , estimationof methyl alcohol in wood spirit, 487. -- preparation of methyl for-mate and pure methyl alcohol, 520.B a r t h , L., dioxybenzoic acids, 157,644. - thymoloxycuminic acid, 158.B a r t h , L., and Gt. Goldschmidt,ellagic acid, 930.B a r t h , L., andM. v.Schmidt, deriva-tives of a-phenoldisulphonic acid,933.B a r t h , L., and J. S c h r e d e r , actionof fused soda on phend. Syntheuisof phloroglucinol, 633. -- diphend, 64. -- fusion of aromatic acids with-- oxidation of resorcinol t oB a r r a l , J., nitrates in beet-roots, 33’7.Barsylowsky, azo-derivatives of tolu-ene, 237.B a r u s, U., the thermoelectric positionand electric conductivity of steel intheir relation to hardness, 999.Baubigny, H., the oxide of nickel,Ni,04, 299.B a u d r i m o n t , A., influence of colourcdlieht on the evaporation of water,863.B a u e r, M., the crystal system of potashmica, 24.- the hydrohrlematite of Keuenberg,604.Baumann, E., behaviour of phenol intlie animal organism, 816.- hydrogen-plienol sulphalc slidsimilar derivative3 of the phciiols,148,rescence of lobster’s flesh, 665.succinic acid with water, 523.derivatives, 237.seeds, 272.soda, 926.phloroglucinol, 633.Baumann, E., and L.B r i e g e r , for-mation of cresols during putrefaction,789.paracresol, 789.mophenolinercapturic acid, 803.the aniinal organism, 814.stitution of indigo, 806, 935.quartz crystals, 439.diainine thiocarbamide, 628.copper, zinc, arid nickel, 485.--Baumann, E., and C. P r e u s s e , bro--- oxidation and synthesis inBaumann, E., and F. Tiemann, con-Buumliauer, H., <‘ etch figures” onB a u r , A., dimethplparaphenylene-B a y l e y, T., analysis of alloys containing- catalysis, 501. - coinplcx oxides of cobalt andBeamer, &I., andF. W. Clarke, aniline-- lithium picrate, 789.BBchamp, A., formation of carbonicanhydride, alcohol, and acetic acid byjcast done in presence and absence ofoxygen, 663.- inlluence of oxygen on alcoholicfermentation, 735,B 6 c h a m p, J., nature of the albuminsin hydrocele, 550.BBchamp, J., and E.B a l t i t s , modi-fication effected by the animal organ-ism on various albuniino’id substanceswhen injected into the veins, 334.B e chi, tlie proper time for pressingolives, 1080.B echi, G. v., new mode of formation ofketones, 529. - succin!l compounds of the tolui-dines, 461, 527.B e c k, C., dioxydiphenvlmethane, 324.Bcclier, G. F., reduction of weighingsin air in chemical anal-jGs to a vacuum,396.B e c k m a n n , E. O., oxidation of pro-ducts of clietliyl sulphide and analo-gous compounds, 37.B c c k u r t s , H., and R. O t t o , mode ofaction of sulphuric monochloride, 229.-- sulpliuric monochloride anddichloridc, 200.-- Bynthesis of aromatic sul-phones, 2.13,Becquerel, E., on a note bj- Lamanskjon Stokes’s law, 862.Becquerel,H.,magneticrotatory ponerof gascs a t ordinary temperatures andpressure, 576.Beetz, W., conductivity of liqaids forImt, 1001.- electric conductii ity of zinc sul-nickel, 507.salts, 785.pliatc solution, 864INDEX OF AUTHORS. 1083Beetz, IT., excitation of electricity bythe contact of solid and gaseousbodies, 348.B e i l s t e i n , F., perchlorophenol chlo-ride, 463. - separation of zinc from nickel,276.B e i l s t e i n , F., and L. J a w e i n , esti-mation of cadmium, 746. -- estimation of zinc, 672. -- treatment of Bunsen’s cells,576.B e i l s t e i n , I?., and A. Kourbatoff,dinitroclilorobenzene, 376.-- nitrophthalic acid obtainedby oxidation of nitronaphthalene,644. -- oxidation of bromonaphtha-lene, 80’7. --- - oxidation of nitronaphtha-lene, 722. -- action of hydrogen sulphideon certain nitro-compounds, 230. -- chloranilines, 143. -- chloronitranilines, 309.-- formation of chlorophenylene-diamine, 144.B e k e t of f, M., determination of theatomic heat of hydrogen in its combi-nation with pallaclium, 590. - heat of hydration of sodium oxideand the action o f sodium hydroxideand of hydrogen on sodium oxide,689.13 ell, C. A., pjrrol derivatives, 525.Bell, C. A.,ancl E. L a p p e r , dry distil-lation of ainmonium salts of saccharicacid, 524.Bell, C. J., action of phosphorus penta-chloride on saccharic acid, 917.B e l l , H.I,., manufacture of cruciblesteel, 10%.Bell, J. L., separation of carbon, sul-phur, and phosphorus in the openhearth, puddling furnace, and Bes-semer-converter, 185.B e l l u cc i, supposed existence of hydro-gen pcroxidc in the organism of plants,665.Bemmelen, J. IT., absorptive powerof soils and of silica, 339, 552.Bender, R., analysis of alloys em-ployed as stopping for teeth, 1076.B e n d i x, J., derivatives of ortho-nitro-plienol, 314.B enedi kt, R., pentabromoresorcinol,55, 464.p tribromophenol bromide and tri-bromoresorcinol bromide, 717. - trinitroso- and trinitro-phloroglu-tin, 57.B e n e d i k t . See also Weselsky.B e i n s, H., preparation of carbonic an-hydride under any desired pressure,676.B e n n e t t , W.Z . , and H. B. Hill, di-cliloracrylic acid, 616.B e n r a t h , H. E., Macagno’s investiga-tions on bottle-glass, 562.Berend, L., ipodulcite, 40.B e r n h e i m e r, 0 ., organic ferricyanogencompounds, 611.B e r n t h s en, aniidincs and thiamides ofmonobasic organic acids, 922.B e r n t h s e n , A., and H. Klinger, sul-pliine compounds of thiocarbamide,650.B e r n t h s e n , A., and H. T r o m p e t t e r ,amidines and thiainides of monobasicorganic acids, 146.Bersch, J., cultivation of pure beer-yeast, 1046.B e r t , P., region of the solar spectrumwhich is indispensable to vegetablelife, 336.B e r t h e l o t , action of organic solventson sulphur and on metallic sulphides,771. - amalgams of the alkali-metals andthe nascent state, 864.- changes which wine ucdergoevwhen kept, 763. -_ chemical constitution of amalgamsof the alkali-metals, 883. - combination of carbonic oxide withthe elements, 591. - decomposition of halo‘id acids bymetals, 583. - direct combination of cyanogenwith hydrogen and the metals, 909. - etherification, 866. - explosive mixtures of air withcombustible powders, 412. - formation of haluyd ethers in thegaseous state, 435.- heat of formation of cyanogen,767. - hydrogenation of benzene and are-matic compounds, 376. - influence of metallic chlorides onetheritication, 443. - observations on Noble and Abel’smenioir on the combustion of gun-powder, 875. - ozone and the silent electric dis-charge, 435.- oxidation of nitrous acid by ozoneand by moist oxygen, 9.- reaction between mercury and hy-drochloric acid gas, 298.- rcciprocal dispkccments betweenoxygen, sulphur, and the halogenswhen combined with hydrogen, 296.- relative affinities and reciprocal4 e 1084 INDEX OF AUTHORS.displacements of oxygen and the halo-gen elements, 351.B e r t h e l o t , remarks on a note on chloralhydrate by W u r t z , 1006. - some thcrmochemical data, 874. - transformation of sugar into alco-hol by a purely chemical method, '778.B e r t r a m , J., excretion of phosphoricacid by herbirora, 332.B e r t r a n d , E., cinnabar crystals fromCalifornia, 440. - the crystal form and twin-formationof leucophane, 4k2.Berwerth, F., examination of lithia-mica from Paris (Marne), Rozena,and Zinnwall, 23.B e y r i c h , C., process for bleachingvegetable fabrics, 761.B i c h a t , E., magnetic rotatory powerof Tapours, 577.B i e f e l .See Poleck.Biel, J., inJ-estigntion of American andRussian petroleum, 1076.B i e r m a n n , E. W. L., manganesealloys, 186.B i n d e r , F., dimethylparaphenylene-diamine carbamides, 627.B i n d e r . See also Fit.tig.Bindschedler and Busch, manufac-ture of resorcinol, and of eosin andother derivatives of resorcinol, 291. -- new fast green, or malachitegreen, 571.Bischof, G., estimation of traces oflead, 402. - sanitary notes on potable water,985.Bischoff. See H i l g e r ; also W a l -l a c kB l a n k e n h o r n , A., eration of must,492.B l a n k e n h o r n , A., and H.W. Dah-l e n , fermentation of must, 993.B l a n k e n h o r n . See also Gamgee.Blas, M., detection of salicylic acid inB l a t t n e r . See Michler.B l e i b t r e u . See Wailach.B l e u n a r d , A., actiozl oftrimethylamineon carbon bisulphide, 305.Blondlot, It., capacity of voltaic po-larisation, 864.Blumberg, T., contributions to aknowledge of the alkaloids of ergot,269, 387.B 1 y t h, A. W., composition of Devon-shire cream, 1068.Bochmann, Chili saltpetre as amanure for barley, 1060.Bochmann. See also D o r i n g .Bode, I?., extraction of copper by wetbeer, 342.processes, 757.Boeck. See Liebermann.B ohm, J., formation of starch in &lo-rophyll grains in absence of light, 551.B o t t g e r , R., crystalline structure ofbees' wax, 171.- detection of gypsum, heavy spar,&c., in meal, 183. - formation of hydrogen peroxide bythe explosion of a mixture of oxygenand hydrogen, 103.- Planth's sewndary battery, 101. - preparation of salts in a finely di-vided state, 107.L_ production of a high temperatureby means of ammonium nitrate, 102. - production of rotatory movementsin mercury, 102. - pyrophoric iron, 119. - reagent for detecting niokel, 179. - steeling copper-plates, 186.B 6 t t i n ger, C., a new base, CldHI8N2,- acetylene-carbamides, 142.- action of aniline on glyoxytic acid,51. - action of phosphorus pentasul-phide on organic acids, 45. - benzal sulphide and thiobenadde-byde, '791.- conversion of aldehyde into mer-captan, 451. - dissociation of ammonium chloride,a lecture cxperiment, 196. - glyoxylic acid, 619.- monosulpholactic acid, 45. - pyroraeemic acid, 524. - the amount of water contained inorystallised calcium glj collate, 522. - thioglycolic and thiodigly colicethers, 138.Bohlig, E., water analysis, 963.B o i s b a u d r a n , L. de, samarium, anew metal from samnrskitc, 889. - spectrum of erbium nitrate, 862. - speotrum of ytt,erbium, 861.B o i s b a u d r a n . See also S m i t h , J. L.B okay, -4., digestibility of nuclein andlecithin, 814.B o r d e t . See Bardy.Borgmann. See Neubauer.B o r n t r i g e r , A., a new indicator forw e in acidimetry and alkalimetry,396. - method for rapidly incineratingmeal, 282.B o t tomley, J., colorimetrical experi-ments, $7.B o u c h a r d a t , G., forniation of glycol-lic and pyruvic acids from tartaricacid, 916.- identity of the hydrates of di-iso-prene, eaoutehcne, and terpene, 1039.716INDEX O F AUTHORS.1085Co., Connecticut, 20.B r u y l a n t s. Essence of rosemary, ’725.B u c h k a , K., reduction of acetophe-none, 61.B o u c h u t. See W u rt z.B o u r g e o i s, L., crystalline bariumchromate, 437.B o u r g o in, E., bromocitraconic acid,457. - elimination of broniinefrom broruo-citraconic acid, and a new organic acid,103’7.B o u s s i n g a u l t , chromium-steel, 286. - composition of the milk of theB o u t in y, H., researches on nitroglyce-B o u t F, pressure produced by galvanicBo u v e t, A., electrochemical actions13 r a un, F., unipolar electrolytic con-B r e m e r .See Mulder.B r e u e r, A., and Z i n c k e, derivativesof the hydrocarbon, C&12, fromphenol glycol, 327.B r i e g e r , L., aromatic products of theputrefaction of rtlbumin, 806.B r i e g e r . See also Baumaiin.Brieni, H., influenceof light on theyieid of sugar beets, 1047.Briain. See also L i e b s c h e r .B r i m n i e r , C., action of rain on cloverBrogger, W. C., occurrence of thom-sonite a t LMxen, 605.- the crystal system of mosandrite,608.B r o n n e r , use of Hempel’s lump forillustrating silrer assay as a lectureexperiment, 402.Brow n, J., theory of Foltaic action,426.Brown, W.G., philippium. 204.Bruhl, J. W., limits to the applkationof tlie method of determining rapour-densities in the barometric vacuum,499.cow-tree, 2%101, 1032.deposits, 576.under pressure, 293.duction, 194,.hay, 823.- preparation of d i v a l q l , 520. - purification of mercury, 508, 608.B r u n n e r : Ii., desoxelic acid, 619. - iinprovements in the manuhctureof alkali, 422.B r u s h , G. J., andE. S. Dana, anewand remarkable rnineral locality inFairfield Co., Connecticut, U.S.A., 891. -- new minerals from FairfieldCannizzaro,S., a n d c a r n e l u t t i , twoCannizzaro, S., and L. Valeiite,isomerides of santonin, 330.santonin derivatives, 331.Biichner, E. W., ultrammine, 597.B iic h n e r and Tschermak, the meteoricB ii h rig, H., cerium aniline black, 682.B u i s i n e .See D u v i l l i e r .13 u n ge, G., behaviour of potassiumBuiige, N., composition of beetrootB u n g e n e r . See Graebe.B u r g e r , H., spectroscopic investigationof the constitution of !iquids, 101.Burger. See also Liehsclier.13 ur g h a r d t, C. A., occurrence of diop--- the origin of some ores of copper,B u r i, E., Japanese wax, 1037.Busch. See Bindschedler.By k, S., removal of sulphur from guani-iron of Hungen, 366.salts in the blood, 816.gum, 912.tase on chrysmolla from Peru, 30.17.dine thiocyanate, 614.C.Cuhours, A., iodides of stannopropyl,622.Cahours, A., and E. Demargay,acids obtained by distilling the crudeacid from the saponification of fa.& ina current of steam, 1036.-- iodides of stannobutyl andstan namyl, 0 19. - - stannopropjls and stanniso-propyls, 918.C a h o u r q A., and A. E t a r d , a newnicotine derirative, 732.C a i l l e t e t, L., compressibility of gases,429. - a test for tai-taric acid, which dis-tinguishes i t from citric acid, 674.Calm, A., constitution of parabanicacid, 620. - vapour-density of aqueous acidswith constant boiling points, 579.Cameron, C. d., amount of solids inmilk, 490. - estimation of lead as lead iodate,484. - preliminary notes on the absorp-tion of selenium by plants, 955. - the varying composition of wellwater, 485.B u c h n c r. Adulteration of bees’ wax,B ii c h n er, E. W., red and yellow ultra-675.C a r n e l l e y , T., relation between themelfing-pailits of tlae eLeements andtheir ooefidenh of expansion by heat,marine, 885.I 5881086 INDEX OF AUTHORS,C a r n e l u t t i.C a r n o t , A., mallardite, a new naturalmanganese sulphate ; and luckite, anew variety of iron sulphate, 901. - use of sulphuretted hydrogen inthe dry way in analyses, 963.Caro, H., and C. G r a e b e , rosolicacids, 59.Caro, H., and Schrnube,phenoldiazo-benzene, 148.C a s a m a j or, P., influence of tempera-ture on the deviation of polarised lightby solutions of inverted sugar, 832.C as t an, F., estimation of minute quan-tities of soda in pot,assium nitrate,399.Cazeneuve, P., detection and estima-tion of salicylic acid in animal secre-tions, 488. - estimation of glucose in the blood,557.- separation and estimation of hip-puric acid, 748.Cech, C. O., preparation of rosemaryoil, 97.C h a p u i s and L i n n o s s i e r , presence oflead in bismuth subnitrate, 80.C h r i s t i a n i , W., effect of manure 021crops, 826.C h u r c h , J. A., combustion in theblast-furnace, 841.Ciamician, G., influence of tempera-ture and pressure on the spectra ofvapours and gases, 101, 685. - reduction-produds of Elemi-resinwith zinc-dust, 69. - spect,ra of the elements and theirconipoiind~, 685.Claesson, P., ethereal sulphates ofpolyhydric alcohols and carbohy-drates, 1033.- methyl and ethyl sulphates,775.C 1 a i s e n , L., amides of phenylglyoxylicacid, 649. - benzoic cyanide and phenylgly-oxylic acid, 647.Claisen, L., and F.H. Morley, newmethod of preparing phenylglyoxylicacid, 322.C l a i s e n , L., and J. Shadwell, syn-thesis of pyroracemic acid, 45. -- synthesis of isatin, 534.Clarke, F. W., electrolytic estimation- specific gmvity determinations,C l a r k e , J. W., some selenocyanates, 35.C l a r k e . See also Beamcr.Classen, A., a new qunntitative analy-tical method of manifold application,969.See Can n i z zaro.of mercury, 976.295, 1004.Zlassen,A., estimation of cobalt, nickel,and zinc by precipitation as oxalates,1054. - new method of sepamting ferricand aluminium oxides from manga-nese, 1055. - separation of manganese fromzinc, 1055.C l a u s, A., cinchona alkalo’icls, 168.Claus, C.F., improrements in themanufacture of sulphide and othcrcompounds of zinc, and in the pro-duction of bye-products resultingtherefrom, 423.Claus. See also W a l l a c e .Clausius, R., the relation betweenwork effected by the diffusion of gasesand the second law of thermodyna-mics, 3.Clausnizer, F., action of sulphuricamonochloride on the chlorides O Ptitanium, antimony, tin, and silicon,201. - experiments on the preparation 01sulphuric bromide and sulpliur tetra-bromidc, 354.- sulpho-oxychlorides, 692.- sulpho-selenium oxy tetrachloride,201.C l e r m o n t , P. de, action of an~moniacr~lsalts on metallic sulphides, and itsapplication to mineral analysis, 672.C l e r m o n t , P. de, and J. Frommel,aurin, 789.- dissociation of metallic sulphidea,13.- magnesia as an antidote forarsenious acid, 77.Cleve, P.T., chlorostannates of therare earths, 601.C l o u e t and R i t t e r , arsenic in grapc-sugar, 1077.Cochin, D., non-existence of a solubl-alcoholic ferment, 1046,Cocx, L. C. W., solubility of lime i i iwater in reference to the prescriptio:ifor Aqua phagedcenica, 491.C 61 1 en, T., sulphoparachlorobenzoicacid, 155.C o hen, E., the meteorite of Zslidany,Temesar, 609.C o l l i n s , J., duporthite, a new asbesti-form mineral, 24.Conrad, M., ethyl formyltricarbonate,918. - identity of acetopropionic acid ant1lmulinic acid, 453. - substituted mnlonic acids, 707.C o n r o y (Sir J.), the light reflectedfrom potassium permanganate, 425,Cooper.See W a n k l y n .Coppet, L. C. de, heat developed bISDES OFcontact of water with anhydroussodium sulphate, 589.Coquillon, J., action of aqueous va-pour on carbonic oxide in presence ofred hot platinum, 880. - action of platinum wire on hydro-carbons, 302.Corenwinder, B., on thc banana, 4.79.Corne, J., reduction of iodates hyCornu, A,, ultra-violet limit of theCossa, A., cinder and lava from Etna,- distribution of cerium, lanthanum,- serpentine from Perrayes (Aosta) ,C o s te:lo, D., gamboge, 1041.C o t t e , E., improvements in the manu-facture of certain explosive com-pounds, 422.C o t t u, H., use of sour food for cow,1049.Councler, C., boron compounds, 621.C r a f t s . See A d o r ; also F r i c d e l .C r e d n e r, H., the red gneiss of the SawnErzgebirge, 361.C r e s t i , L., gas regulator for air-baths,294.CriB, L., an amyloid substance peculiarto the “ asques ” of pjrcnompcetes,613.C r o i l , A.A., improvements in themanufacture of sulphate of alumina,423.Croo kes, W., illumination of the linesof molecular pressure and the trajec-tory of molecules, 573.Cros, C., action of light of differentcolours on silver bromide impregnatedwith mrious organic colouring matters,504.Cr ov a, A., spectrometric measurementof high temperatures, 293.Cumenge, E., and E. F u c h s , thestatein which the precious metals exist incertain minerals, rocks, and artificialproducts, 509.C u s t e r , E., action of ethyl chlorocar-bonate on mono- and di-amylamine,913.phosphorus, 103.solar spectrum, 861.904.and didymium, 695.362.D.D’dbbadi’e, amountf of nitric acid inthe waters of the Nile, 905.Dahlen. See Blankenhorn.Dsthll, T., norwegium, a new metal,890.QUTHORS.1087D a l Sie, G., active principle of insectD a l e , Rt. S., and C. Schorlemmer,Damm. See S t a e d e l .Domour. See Descloiseaux.Dana. See B r u s h .D ’A r s o n v al, estimation of sugar inblood, 674.D a s t r e , (‘ starch granules” and “ amyl-oides ” of the egg, 662,DaubrBe, A., a meteorite belonging tothe eukrite group, 610.- experiments om the erosive actionof strongly compressed hot gases, withreference to the history of meteorites,10’24.powder, 807.aurin, 58, 925.David.See Prunier.Davis, T. IF., testing and valuing gasDavy, E. W., niti-ifkation, 1046.Debray, H., peculiarity of an experi-ment of Gay-Lussac and Thhnard,887.D e b r u n n e r , H. G., third form or“ car-bon in steel, 842.D e Chaumont, F., experiments withanimal charcoal, silicated carbon, andspongy iron filters, 986.D e F o r c r a n d, formation of glycocincfrom ethjl nitroacetate, 621. - formation of orgauic ultramarincs,622.DehBrain, assimilation of soda byplants, 666.D e h n s t . See Liebermann.D e i t e, C., g!ea biittcr, 568.- iodine industry in France, 283. - testing lubricating oils, 188, 292.D e l a c h a n a l . See V i n c e n t .D e 1 af o n t ai n e, M., clecipium, a newmetal from samarskit,e, 117.- philippium, 116.- terbium and its compounds, andthe probable existence of a new metnilin the samarskite of North Carolina,114.- the mosandrun of J. L. Smith,117.- the probable compound nature ofthe didymium from cerite, 119.Demarpay, E., homologues of oxg-heptic acid, 458. - relations of tetric and oxyteti.icacids and their homologues to Bur-cinyl, nialyl. and other ndicles of thebibasic acids, 459. - tetric acid and its homologues,457.Denisrgay. See aIso Gahours.D emel, W., amidonitrosubphide of iron,597.liquor, 791088 INDEX OF AUTHORS.D em el, W., zinc phosphates, 1016. - zinc and cadmiuni arsenates, 884.D e M e r i n g . See Musculus.Ilemole, E., formation of a ketone con-tainingfour carbon-atoms from dibrom-etbjlene, 220.D c n n s t e d t, DI., benzjl orthothiofor-mate, 318.D e n z e 1, J., nomenclature and boilingpoints of the chlorobromo subditutionproducts of ethane and ethylene, 368.De s a i n s, P., refraction of invisible heat,864.D es camps, A., potassium cobaltocyan-ide, 303.D e s c 1 oi s ea u s and Dam o ur, homilite,32.D e s t r e m , A., cholic acid, 333.- compounds of metallic salts withcompound ammonias, 376.D e s t r e m . See also S c h u t z e n b e r g e r .D e u t s c h , A., ethereal salts of tribasicformic acid, 453.Dieck, E., and B. Tollens, the carbo-hydrates of the Jerusalem artichoke,778.D i e h l , T., and V. Merz, naphthopicricacid and some of its derivatives,250.D i e t z e l l , 8. X., and &.I.G. X r e s s n e r ,estimation of phosplioxic acid in fishguano, 968. -- testing of butter, 4.07.D i e u l a f a i t , L., distribution of copperin primordial rocks, and in the scdi-mentary deposits derived from them,1020.c_- presence of amnioniacal saltsin sea-water, 9. - the existence of barium and stron-tium in all rocks constituting the pri-mary formation, 444.Disquk, L., urobilin, 170.D i t t e, A., action of hydmcids on rner-curie sulphate and of sulphuric acidon the haloid salts of mercum, 299. - researches on the decompcktion ofmetallic salts, and on certain inversereactions which take place in presenceof water, 1006.Ditther. See Michaelis.D i t t r i c h , E., methyitaurine, methyl-taurocyamhe, and taurocjamine, 225.Dixon, W.A., metallurgycjf nickel andcobalt, 285.- extraction of gold, silver, and othermetals from pyrites, 288.D o e b n e r , O., homologous tertiary di-amines obtained in the methylandinemanufacture, 786.- malachite-green, 312.D o e b n e r , O., and W. S t a c k m a n n ,synthesis of osyketones by introducingacid radicles into phenols. Part 11,Doebner,O.,and W. Wolff,synthesisD o e 1 t e r, C., diopside, 442.- estimation of ferrous oxide in sili-cates. 484.D o e r i n g and Bochmann, effect ofartificinl manures on the growth ofbarley and on meadow land, 828.D o gic 1, J., reactions of albumin, and be-Ita.viour of the albumin of the refract-ing media of tlie eye, 834.D o n a t h , X., applications of glycerol inanalysis, 178.- detection of chromates and of frecchromic acid, 401,D o n a t h , J., preparation of barium frombarium amalgam, 691.- specific heat of uranoso-uranic oxidcand the atomic weight of uraniuni,688.D o r n , E., electric currents produced bythe flow of liquids through tubes,346.3i9.of oxpketones, 638.v a n Dorp. See Hoogewerff.Douglas, T., green pigment from ba-rium chromate, 987.D r a g c n d o r f f and S t a h r e , chemistryof the Pceonia pereyrina, 1043.D r a p e r , J. C., presence of dark lines inthe solar spectrum H hich correspondclosely with the oxygen lines, 997.Drcchsler, G., potato cultivation, 823.D r e s c h el, E., preparation of crystalliiitlD r e v e r m a n n , A,, recovery of sugarD r e v e r m a n n .See also S t e f f e n s .D r o wn, T. M., determination of silicoiiD r y g i n , a new quinine salt, 169. - cinchonicine, a new quinine alka-loid, 169.D u c 1 a u x, E., ripening and decomposi-tion of cheese, 858.D u k e C a r l T b e o d o r of B a v a r i a , in-fluence of the tcinperature of the s i r -rounding air on the excretion of car-bonic acid and the absorption of OXJ-gen in the cat, 74.Duncan, J., J. A. R. N e w l a n d s , andB. E. R.N ewlands, improvements inthe trcatnient of saccharine substance5or compounds (patent), 421.-- improvements in the treat-ment of sugar (patent), 421.D uprk, A, detection and estimation ofalum in wheat flour, 483.D u P uy, C. M., direct process for mali-ing wrought iron and steel, 565.albumin compounds, 95u.from calciuni saccharatcs, 492.in pig iron and steel, 974INUEX OF AUTHORS.1089D u r a n d , bark of the root of the ponie-granate, 169.D u r i n, inversion of cane-sugar, and con-secutive alteration of the glucosidesso formed, 369.D u Roi. See l i i r c h n e r .D u v i l l i e r , E., derivatives of normal- dimethacrylic acid, an isomeride- isonieridc of angelic acid, 706.D u v i l l i c r , E., and A. B u i s i n e , com--- separation of ethylamines, 306.D wars, B. W., determination of quinine- on t,he iodosulphates of the quininemethoxybutyric acid, 523.of angelic acid, 782.mercial triniethylamine, 912.in certain of its salts, 488.alkaloids, 982.E.E b e r m a n n .See W e i n .E c k a r t . See H e y d e n .E d e r , J. M., behaviour of e m s andcarbohydrates tov ards chromatesunder the influence of light, 911. - estimatioii of nitric acid in wellwater, 27-34. - examination of Chinese tea, 851.Edison, T. A., action of heat on metalsin a vacuum, 1018.E d l u n d , E., the electromotive force pro-duced by the flow of liquids thoughtubes, 998.E g g c r , E., bilic acid, an oxidation-pro-duct of cholic acid, 810.E l d e r . See R o d w e l l .E 1 t e k o f f, reactions of the Iialogen-com-E l t e k o f f . See also L a g e r m a r k .E iii m e r 1 i n g, O., metallic phosphides,508.E n gel, R., and hlo i t e s s i e r, dissociationof ammonium hydrosulphide, 979,880.-- dissociation of ammoniumsulpliide, 879.-- dissociation of chloral hy-drate, 500.E n g c l b r e c h t .See L a d e n b u r g .E ngler, C., a sulphuretted derivative of- sulpliuretted deriratires of benzo-- tetraphenylethane, 68.E r d man n, J., colouring matter of redE r l e n m e y e r , E., studies of the phos-- the two isomeric dibromopropnnes,pounds of the olefines, 35.acetophenone, 61.phrnone, 61.wine, 171.phates, 201.908.E s b a c 11, G., estimation of urea in urine,1067.E s t c o u r t , C., analysis of the waters ofLake Thirlmere and the River Vymym,906. - desirability of fixing by analysissome standards of rnlue for beerbased on the qualities usually sold inla.rge towns, 290.E t a r d , A., oxidation of aromatic com-pounds, 320.- reseasches on the sulphates, 104,593.E t a r d .E t t i, C., Malabar-kin0 and kino'in,159.E u g l i n g , W., composition of the colo-stdrum of the cow, 815.E u g l i n g , W., and v. K l e n z e , Alpinedairy produce, 857.E wald, H., some coerulignoiie deriva-tives, 253.E x h e r i c h . See Michler.E x n e r , F., elect.rolysis of water: gal-- galvanic polarisation of platinumSee also Cahours and Gal.vanic polarisation, 577.in water, 5'78.E y n d h o ve n, A. J. v., gaslighting, 85.E z we i 1 e r, researches on perbromina-tion, 701.F.F a 11 1 b erg, C., liquid toluene sulphonicchloride and Beckurts' so-called to-luenemetwulphonic acid, 804.F a h l b e r g , C., and I. Remseri, osida-tion of orthotoluenesulphumide, 628.F a r s k y, F., salicjlic acid as a preventiveof house-fungus, 1080.F as s b.e n d e r, R., double salts of calciuinsulphat,e, 203.F e sea, hl., mechariical analysis of soils,673.F i c i n u s , O., preparation of pure tar-taric acid, 917.F i e l d .See J a c k s o n .F i l e t i , &I., chemical nature of theessence of Lauromrasus and of bitteralmonds, 719.- cinchonine, 655.F i l e t i , &I., and R . Yiccini, decompo-sition of phenylethylamine hydrochlo-ride, 922.F i n k e n e r, R., estimation of phosphorir.acid as ammonium phospho-moljb-date, 275.F i s c h e r, E., hydrazine-compounds ofthe paraffin series, 4501090 INDEX OF AUTHORS.F i s c h e r , E. and O., certain colouringmatters of the rosaniline group, 236.- dyes of the rosaniline group, 787. - reinarks on Doebncr’s communica-tion 011 “ malachite-green,” 787. - triphenylmetliane, 326. - tnphenplmethane and rosaniline,P i s c h e r , F., heating steam boilers, 1070. - iron smelting in the cupola furnace,- utilisation of suint. from wool,L_ wearing out of steam boilers, 410.F i s c h e r, G., new colouring matter fromF i sc h er, O., condenaation-products ofF i s c h 1 I , H., paratoluic and terephthalicP i t t i c a , F., nitrobenzoic acids, 150.F i t t i g , R., constitution of tiglic andangelic acids, 456. - formation of unsaturated hydro-carbons from the addition-productsof non-saturated acids, 376.384.564.86.orthamidophenol, 984.tertiary aromatic baseg, 53.acids, 638.- uric acid formula, 142.F i t t i g , R., and F.B i n d e r , addition-products of cinnamir acid, 378.F i t t i g , R., and F. G c h h a r d , fluoran-thcne, a new hydrocarbon from coal-tar, 165.F i t t i g , R., and W. F. H i l l e b r a n d ,quinic acid, 159.F i t t i g , R., and H. L i p p m a n n , con-stitution of isodiphenic acid and fluor-anthrene, 536.F i t t i g , R., and H. S c h m i t z , diphen-ylenemethane, 164.F i t t i g , R., and C. W u r s t e r , atropicand isatropic acids, 379.P i tz, A,, fungoid ferwentation, 172.-- schyzomycetio fermentation, 664.F l a v i t z k y , F., amyl compounds, 37. - dehydration of paopylcne-glyccl,136.- dextrogyrate terpene from theturpentine of Pinus sylvestris, 168.- hydration of terpenes, 726. - structure of terpenes, 167.F l a v i t z k y , F., and P. Kriloff, isopro-pylacetylene, 134.F 1 e c k, E., manufacture of artificialmother-of-pearl and of imitations ofmarble from glue, 996.F 1 ei t man n, T., preparation of malleablenickel and cobalt, and the applicationof these metals, 563.F l e t c h e r , J., preparation of sulphu-rettetl hydrogen, 1013.F l o w e r s , H., lactucarium, 1041.F 1 u e g g e r, T., spitting of silver, 438.F o r c r a n d , organic ultramarines, 329.Foucllskows ky, G., lactoglucose andgalactose, 137.F o u q u 6 , F., and M. LQvy, productionof felspars b-j fusion, and by prolongedmaintenance at a temperature nearthat of fusion, 388.F r a n c h i m o n t , N., zinc acetate, 452.F r a n c l i i m o n t , N., and S i c h e r e r , thecolouring matter of sandal and calia-tour woods, 470.F r a n c h i m o n t , N., and Wigman, be-t,ulin, 469--- lactucone, 468.F r a u d e , G., aspidospermine, 470.- ortliocresolphthalc~~i, 633..F r e d a , P., preparation of digallic acid,645.F r c d e r i c q , L., hzmocpnine from theblood of the Octopus vulgciris, 333.F r e m p , E., artificial formation of coal,896.F r e s e n i u s , R., alkaline constituents ofthe Hunyadi Jiintnos springs at Buda-Pesth, 366.- estimation of the available zinc inzinc-dust, 400.F r e u n d, C . , some galvanic properties ofaqueous solutions of metallic salts,863.F r e p b e r g , E., plant respiration, 536.F r i c d e l , C,rafts, and d d o r , durenederivatives, 713.F r i c d e r i c i , T., action of hydrogen onmetanitro - paratrichloraceto - tulnidcar,d metanitro - pararaleryl - toluide,311.- new method of preparing chrys-anisic acid, 324.F r i e d l a n d c r , C., and E.H e r t e r ,action of carbonic acid on the animalorganism, 174.F r i t z s c h e , P., oxyphenylacetic acid,322.F r o m m e l . See Clermont.F u c h s . See Cumenge.G.G a b b a , L., a n d 0 . Textor, influence ofthe chemical composition of t h waterused in the preparation of raw silk,493.Gta briel, S., substituted phthalanils,323.G a b r i e l , S., and A. Michael, action ofdehydrating substranees on amhydrides,245. ~ ~- - - benzylmethylglycollic acid,795IXDEX OF AUTHORS.1091G a b r i e l , S., and J. Zimmerman, di-nitro-hydrocinnamic acid and its deri-vatives, 639.G a i l , F., oxidation of dioxydiphenyl-methane, 325.G a l , H., and A. E t a r d , researches onstrj c h i n e , 387.Gtalimberti, A,, acriticalpointin mak-ing Parmesan cheese, 764.Gamgee, A., and E. Blankenhorn,protagon, 950. a a t ellier,E.,absorption of atmosphericnitrogen by plants, 818.Gaudin, M. A., application of theauthor's atomic theory to certainminerals, 602.Gawal o w s ki, a process for utilising theresidue from the manufacture of po-tassium ferrocjanide, 680.Gayon, V., inversion and alcoholic fer-mentation of cane-sugar: 336.- inactive glucose in crude cane-sugars, 97.Gayon and M i l l a r d e t , on the saccha-rine matter contained in vines suffer-ing from phylloxera, 1048.G e b h a r d .See F i t t i g .G e r i c h t e n , E. v., P-chlorocymenefromthymol, 230.G e r i c h t e n , E. v., and W. R o s s l e r ,a-oxyparatoluic acid, 323.G e r 1 a c 11, G. T., extraction of sulphurby means of superheated steam, 284.G e r l a n d , W., and J. R o b e r t s , pre-serration of beet-leavss and the pre-paration of brown hay Srom maize,960.B e r n e z , D., distillation of liquideunder the influence of static electri-city, 997.Gerresheim, H., nmmoniacal mer-cury compounds, 448.(Xeuther, A., dickhjlglyoxylic etherand diethylglpox-ylsmide, 260.Gtiacosa, I?., action of amyl nitrite onblood, 816.- fermentation of hydroxyvdericacid, 782. - phenolgljcollic acid, 929.Giacosa. Seealso Nencki.G i r a r d , A., conversion of hydrocellu-lose into pyroxylin, 911. - hydrocellulose, 779.G i r a r d and Yabst, nitrosyl-deriva-G i r a u d, E., derivatives of indigotin,Gluge, O . , calcium chloride, 562.Gobel, W., purification of gas byGotschmann, T., methyl- and di-tives, 383.936.ammonia, 986.methyldiacetonamine, 1035.Goldberg, A., pamhydroxysalicylicGoldberg. See S c h m i t t .Goldsclimidt, A., tlic three isomericGoldschmidt, G.,idrialin, 167.Goldschmidt. See also B a r t h .G o l d s t e i n , M., action of nityic acid onphenol and on nitrophenol, 148. - boiling points of normal ethencs(parafin>), 765.- dibenzojl-dinitro-diphenol, 148.Golubeff. I?., action of nitric acid on- nitro- and aniido-dcriratites ofGo r geu, A., artificial manganese dios-G o t t f r i e d s en, on tanning and mineralG r s e be, C., alizarin-blue, 239.- alizarinsulphonic acid, 655.Graebe, C., and H. Bungener, s p -- -- synthesis of deoxybenzoin,G r a e be. See Caro.Gr a t z el, A., eupittone and pittacal, 253.G r a n d e a u, L., iiiliuence of atmosphc-ric electricity on plants. 818.G r a w i t z , S., action of chromium saltsi n presence of chlorates, 420.- formation of aniline-black bychromate in presence of clilorates,495.G r L' en e, H., preparation of hexamethyl-benzene from acetone, 904.Greene. See also L e B el.G r e e n i s h , H. G., Bidara h u t , 1045.G r e n f e l l , J.G., supersaturateti soln-tions, 501.G r e t e , E. A., estimation of nitric acidas ammonia, 79. - estimation of nitrogen in nitro-gcnous organic bodies, 80. - formation of nitrites in the soil,'131.G r i e s s , P., action of cjanogen 011amido-benzoic and anthranilic acids 111aqueous solution, 321. - action of some diazosulphonic acidaon phenols, 315. - amidobenzoic percj anidc, 466. - derivatives of benzoic acid, 246. - remarks on Weselskg's and Benc-dikt's investigation on some azc-compounds, 629.acid, 928.tolidmcs, 235.deoxybenzoin, 150.deoxybenzoin, 750.ide, 600.tanning, 100.thesis of chrjsei~e, 807.790.G r i m a u x , E., pseudouric acid, '784.- synthesis of uric acid derivatiwP,460, - synthesis of uric acid derivative? :alloxan, uramil, murexide, &c., 3751092 INDEX OF AUTHORS.Grimaux, R., and J.T s c h e r n i a k ,preparation of malonic acid, ‘782.Grinishaw, 11. and C., analjsis of thewater of Thirlniere, 211.G r o d z k i . See Kriinier.G r o s h e i n t z, H., tetrallylammoniumbromide and triallylamine, 77‘3.G r o s j e a i i , H., analysis of some foddersand observations on the damagecaused to Italian beans by the beaninsect, 552.G r o s s m a n , J., softening magnesia-hard water, 9%.G r o t , h e, O., mctaiodonitro- and meta-iodamido-benzoic acids, 377.G r u b e r , M., action of nitrous anhy-dride on protocatwhuic auid,.613.G 11 a r e s c 11 i, J., ethylidenedisulphuricacid, ’710.G u in be 11, C .W., phyllite or sericite-gneiss, 207.- the stone of the “ Julius Column,”the Lavez rock in the Upper Engadine,and the sericite-gneiss in the Bun-dener Alps, 25.G u i g n e t , E., constitution of coal,602,G u l d b e r g and Waage, chemicalaffinity, 580.G u n n i n g , J. W., action of alcohol onbacteria, 817.- conditions of life of the lower or-ganisins, 664.- ferric chloride as a purifier ofwater, 1072.G uatavson, G., bromination of aro-matic hjtlrocarbons in presence ofaluminium bromide, 142.- compounds of aluminium chloridewith benzene and toluene, 461. - compounds of cymene with a,lumi-nium bromitle and chloride, 785.- interpretation of reactions occnr-ring in presence of aluminium chloride,785.- compounds of alnminium chloridewith benzcnc and toluene, 308.G u t h r i e, F., on salt solutions and at-tached water, 428.G n t k n e c h t , H., diagnosis of fattyalcohols, 673.G u r a r d , A, action of osalic acid onchlorntes, bromabeq a d iodatles, 593.- copper and ammonium oxgferro-cyanides, $75.- iodated potassium iodide, 595.- Laurcnt’s ‘‘ CarrFinaphtlia,” 466.- law peculiar to metallic ferro-cyanides, 830.- separation and estimation ofchlorine, bromine, and iodine, 670.- riscosity, a cause of catalysis, 876.G u y o t , P.., deposits of calcium phos-phate in tihe Vosges, 19.H.Haas, B., ripening of grapes, 1’74.H a b e r l a n d t , F., cohesive power of- evaporation of water from the- strength of hemp, 859.H a b e r m a n n, J., glycyrrhizin, 10.10.H a d d a n , H. J., treatiilg ores contain-H a u s s e r m an, C., manufacture of me-H a g e r , H., butter analysis, 81.- estimation of alcohol and extractive- testing milk for starch powder,H a h n . See S t a e d e l .H a i t i n g e r , L., nitrobutylene, 700.H a 11 e r, A., cyano-derivath es of cam-- iodo-camphor, 329.H a n i m a n n and H a n h a r t , dcsul-pliurisntion of dithiodidimethylani-line, 714.soils, 957.ground, 667.ing silver and copper, 496.thylaniline, 995.matter in wine, 179.674.phor, 329.H a m m a r s t e n , O., paraglobulin, 472.H a m m e r l , H., freezing mixture of cal-cium chloride and snow, 689. - solution of carbonic oxide in anacid solution of caprous chloride,887.Hstnhart, action of chloroform andper-chloromethane on dimethylaniline,714.- action of copper on trichIoroben-zene, 714.H a n l i a r t . See also H a n i m a n n .H an ko, W., modification of Simpson’smethod for estimating nitrogen, 554.I€ a n r i o t, dcrii utires of glycerol, 1029.- on glycide, 449.II a ns el, T., phosgcnite from MontePoni, Sar,linia, 60%.H a r n a c k , E., thc basic constituent ofUita bark, 332.H a r t n i a n n , M., basalts of the Auck-land Islands, 903.H a r t w i g , E., oil of wine, 615.JIarz, C. O., spergulin, a new fluores-H a u e r . See Muller.I1 awl i cz e k.H e a d, dephovphorisation of pig iron,H e c h t, O., and J. Mu n i er, isoheptyliccent body, 469.See L i p p m a n n .1075.acid from /3-hexyl iodide, 140INDEX OF AUTHORS.1093Heckel, E., influence of a&cglic acid,thymol, and Bomc essential oils ongermination, 172.H e h n e r , O., determination of phos-phoric acid as phosphomolj-bdate, 482. - examination of Pavy’s method ofdetermining glucose, 834.- method of testing butter, 181. - the influent*e of chloroform onH e i d e n , on t h e supply of nitrogen toH e i n r i c h , R., artificial manures, 1050. - estimation of dextrose and invertedsugar in presence of’ saccharose, 180.H e i n tz, W., benzaldiacetonamine, 54.- ranillo-diacetonamine, 144.H e i n z e l m a n n , R., dehydromucic acid,141.H e i n z e l m a n n and L. S p i e g e l b e r g ,pentabromobenzene-sulplionic acid,802.nitrification, 395.plants, 739.H e l k e n b e r g .Sec Tiemann.H e l l , C., and 0. L t u h l h a u s e r , actionof bromine on amtic acid, 705. -- addition-product of aceticacid with bromine and kydrobronLicacid, 705. -- addition-product of acetic acidwith bromine and hydrochloric acid,705.H e 11, C., and P. S c hoop, aniline resi-dues, 715.-- dibromocapric acid, 521.Helm, O., gedanite, a new fossil resin,300. - microscopical properties of amber,and the amount of sulphur containedin it, 300. - the sulphur in fossil resin, 896.H e m p e l , W., estimation of hydrogenin gaseous mixtures, 670. - fractional combustion of hydrogenand marsh-gas, 747. - lirnib of detection of carbonicoxide, 1063. - simultaneous determination ofcarbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in e b -mentary analysis, 278.H e n n e b e rg, W., determination offibrin, 835.H e n n e b e r g , W., E.K e r n , and H.W a t t e n b e r g , fattening of sheep,811.H e n r i c h s e n, S . , specific heat of water,1002.H e n r y , L., a new unsaturated hexava-lent hydrocarbon, diallylene, C,H,, 34.H e n a g e n , C., action of hydrochloricacid on double sulphates, 105. - action of hydrochloric acid gas onsulphates, 105.H e n s g e n , C., new double salt ofchromic acid, 887.H e p p, some addition-products of tri-nirrobenzene and other nitro-com-pounds, 50.H 6 r a u d, A., new voltaic element withconstant current, 426.H e r i n g , C. A., reco.very of antimony,491.H e r ni a n 11, R., specific gravity andatomic volume of the cerium metals,579.H e r t e r , E., tension of oxj-gen in arte-rial blood, 811.H e r t e r .See d s o F r i e d l k n d e r .H e r t h , R., chemical nature of pep-tones, 660.H e r t z , J., estimation of silver, chlorine,bromine, and iodine by ammoniumthiocyanide, 973.H e r w i g , H., Blie quantity of electricitynecessary for the complete cliarge ofa platinum-water-cell and the distancebetween the molecules of liquidwater, 194.H e r z i g , J., bwo new isomerides ofcjanuric acid, 517.Hesse, H., refining copper, 9.I I e s s e , O., Alstonia bark, 332. - amyrin and icacin, 73.- appendix. to the estimation of car-bonic acid in the air, 78. - behaviour of potassium thiocyanntewith some of the quinine alkaloids,281.- cinchotenicine, 333.- conquinine sulphate, 656.- further remarks 011 rllstoiaia con-- lotur bark, ’73.- on mphalt and other retinalites,- paricine and aricine, 1043. - remarks on cinchonhe and cin-chonidine, 71. - remarks on Rice’s article on thecinchona alkalo‘ids, 71.- substitutes for quinine, 71. - test for quinidine, 281. - test for quinine, 280.H e s s e r t , J., phthalyl alcohol, 634.HQ t e t, F., Sarrnceuia purpurea, 541.H e u III a nn, K., potamurn ultramarine,- silver ultramarine, 43’7.H e y d e n , F. v., and T. X c k a r t , pre-serration of meat, 996.H i g g i n , dibenzanilides, 716.H i l g e r, A., chemical composition ofthe soils of the vine-growing astrictsof the Rhine and Xaine, 737.- composition of “ grains” from malt,761.stricta, 269.301.6921094 INDEX OF AUTHORS.H i l g e r , A., detection of ethyldiaceticacid in urine, 560. - minerd constituents of horse-radish, 819. - solanine and the products of itsdecomposition, 541.H i l g e r , -4., and B i s c h o f f , IX., colour-ing-matter of the Caryophyllaceoe,730.H i l l , H. B., di-substitution-derivativesof acrylic acid, 616.H i l l . See also B e n n e t t , J a c k s o n ,and Mabery.H i l l e , poisoning of fowls with pumpkinset&, 1046.H i l l e b r a n d . See F i t t i p .H i o r t d a h 1, a new metal discovered byT. DaliU, 890. - cyystalline form of the stann-methyl compounds and their homo-logues, 518.H i r i a k o f f, M., examination of a mete-orite found in the neighbourhood ofBerdjansk, 4%5.H i r s c h , B., investigation of Balsamurnantarthriticum indicum, 262.H i r s c h , R., the so-called dichlorazo-phenol, 313.H i t t o r f , W., proof of the statementthat “ electrolytes are salts,” a replyto L.Bleekrode, 1.H o 1 zn er, G , researches on beer, 1079.H o n i g , M., and M. R o s e a f e l d ,sugars, 41.9.H o r m a n n , J. v., action of hydrocyanicacid on epichlorhydrin, 449.H o r m a n n . See also L i e b e r m a n n .H o f f m a n n , E., maringin, 468.13 o f f m a nn, R., ultramarine, 108.H o f m a n n , A. W., action of phospho-rus pentachloride on thiocarbimides,805. - angelylthiocarbimide, ’712.~ formation of methyl aldehyde, 219.- modified vapour-density determi-- piperidine and piperine, 733.H o f m e i s t er, F., complete precipitationof albumin from animal fliiids, 183. - regeneration of albumin from pep-tone, 950.H o l d e r m a n n , E., iron albuminates,170. - on hydrochloric acid containingphosphoric acid, 8.H o l l i d a y , J., improvements in dyeingand printing aniline black, 482.Hollway, J . , a new application of rapidoxidation by which sulphides areutilised for fuel, 735.Hoogewerff, S., and W. A. v a nD o rp, oxidation of quinine, 946.nation, 196.Hoogewerff, S., and W. A. v a nDorp, oxidation of quinine by potas-sium permangannte, 541.-- oxidation of quinoline, ’731.H o p p e - S e y l e r , F., lecithin andnucle’in in beer-yeast, 811.-a simple experiment to show theevolution of oxygen b3 plants in sun-light, 819.H o r s t m a n n , A., relative affinity ofoxjgen for carbonic oxide and hydro-gen, Part 11, 436.H u b n e r, H., iodosalicylic acids, 928.- nitrosalicylic acids and the iso-merism of benzene-derivatives, 380.H u b n e r , H., S.M. Babcock, a n d H .S c h a u m a n n , nitrosalicylic acids anddinitrophmol, 928.H u b n e r , H., and E. Simon, diethyl-and diamyl - anhydrobenzoyldiamido-benzene compounds, 923.I I u f n e r , G., chemistry of the bile, 949.- estimation of lmmoglobin and- cstiniation of‘ urea by means ofH u m m e 1, J., diphenic acid, 165.H u r t e r , F., estimation of cyanogen inH u s s o n , C., examination of coffee, tea,Husson.See also Bnncel.H u t chinson, C. C., Schutzertberger’sprocess for the volumetric estimationof oxygen in water, 77.oxygen in the blood, 835.sodium hypobromite, 405.soda-ljes, 402.and chicory, 558.I.I l e s , M. W., and I. Remsen,oxidationI l g e n , O., Solvay’s soda. used in theI r e l a n d , J., Blair’s process for ironI s a m b e r t , dissociation of ammoniumof sulphamido-xylene, 52.preparation of ultramarine, 987.nianuf:mture, 89.hydrosulphide, 880.J.J a c k s o n , C. L., and A. W. F i e l d ,parachlorobenzyl chloride and bro-mide, 62.J a c k s o n , 0. R., and H. B. H i l l ,mucobromic acid, 224.J a c o b s e n , O., constitution of oxy-niesitFlenic acid, 248. - constitution of the propyl group inc p e n e , 228IKDEX OF AUTHORS.J ac o b s en, 0.) hydroxyparaxylic acid,- isbcyniene, 624.- oxidation of metaxylene-sulpha-mide, 53. - products of the action of fusedpotash on potassium rnesitylenesul-phonate, 529.- sulphaminemesitylenic acid and anew hvdroxyrnesitylenic acid, 643.J a c o b s k n , O., aiid E. W e i n b e r g , di-bromometaxylenesulphonic acid, 61.Jaff e, M., acids produced by the intro-duction of chloro- and bromo-benzeneinto the animal system, 796. - synthetic processes in tlie animalbodj, 176.J a g i , Yneonia Mozctaw, 306.J a h n , H., valonia and certain otherJ a i l l a r d , absorbing power of woodJ a n n a s c h , ? . , and C. Rump,dkcoveryJ a m e i n . See B e i l s t e i n .J e n k i n s .See J o h n s o n .J e r e m i n , ozone, 8.J o c l e t, V., use of chrome-alum insteadof potassium dichromate in wool-dyeing, 185.J o h a n s o n , E . , chemical constituents ofthe willow, and its pathological forma-tions : certain reactions with tanninand allied substances, 160.641.sources of tannin, 245.charcoal. 761.of vanillin in Siam benzoin, 245.J o h n s o n , O., test for arsenic, 277.J o h n s o n , S. W., and E. H. J e n k i n s ,determination of iitrogen in the analy-sis of agricultural products, 962.-- determination of phosphoricacid, 966-J o h n s t o n e, W., analysis of the waterof St. Dunstun’s well, Melrose, 905.J o 11 y, L., distribution of phosphates inthe blood, 662.J o n e s , H. W., ainount of ash and solu-ble matter in the three kinds of Buchu,391.J o n g e , D.de, secretion from the seba-ceous glands of birds, 1’76.J o r d a n , P., preparation of mangani-ferous pig-iron, 755.J o r g e n s e n , S. M., cobalt-ammoniumcoinpounds, 119, 597.J o ulie, €I., retrJgradation of superphos-phates, 987.J o u s s e l i n , L., nitrosoguanidine, 613.-- salts of guanidine, 914.J u s a i e u, E’. d e, alloys of lead and anti-J u s t , , TJ., influence of temperature on thenlony, 889.germination of seeds, 393.1095K.K a c h 1 e r, J., Borneo camphor, 1039.K a h l b a u m , G. W. A, physical proper-ties of some methyl compouds of 3-and 4-carbon acids, 521.Kalkowsky, E., the granite-porphyryof Beucha near Leipzig, 27.- the hcitophyr of Lake ATerno,609.I( a1 1 a b’s new bleaching process for ani-nial textile fibres, 99.K a s c h i r s k y , M., action of zinc-methylon tlie bromides of nionobrominatcdacid radicles of the a-serii’s, 46.K a t z u j an1 a, investigation of the seedsof CaineZLia Japonica, 330.K e i t 11’s process for deailvering and re-fining raw lead by electrolysis, 288,410.Kelbe, W., hydrocarbon from rosin-oil,467.- naphthyl phosphorus and arseniccompounds, 67.Kellermann, C., composition of thegrowing potato, 174.K e l l n e r, O., nitrogenous constituents ofyoung grass and hay, 829. - nutritive d u e of malt, 1049.K e l l r , 0. J., action of chlorocarbonicether on halogen-compounds of thefatty acid series, 305.Kenngo tt, A., on unghwarite, nontro-nite, gramenite, kc., 31.-- polydyniite, 18. - the fundamental forms of crystalspecies, 14.K e r n , S., action of sea-water on iron aiidsteel plates, 564. - distribution of manganese in ferro-manganese alloys, 286. - manganese steel, 567. - preparation of chrome crucible- purification of cast-iron from phos-- steel making, 567.- working of mild steel, 410.K e r n l t e r , F., on making red wine,Kessel, F., bromo-derivatives of ethyl- decomposition of ethyl monobrom-- double salts of cuyrous thiosul-- wax of Ficus gummijlua, 261.- atomic weight of antimony, 772.- estimation of manganese, especially- law of multiple proportions, 691.K i l l i n g , K., the gneiss of the Northsteel, 567.phorus, 286.681.acetate, 137.and dibrom-acetate, 220.phate, 125.in its nlioys with iron, 3411096 IXDEX OF AUTHORS.Eastern Schwartzwald and its relation.ship to the mineral reins, 443.K i n n i c u t t .See Anschiitz.K i r c h n e r , TV. J., and Du Roi, beetleaves as fodder for cows, 613.Kirmis, M., transference of the ions193.K j o d a l , J., rotatory power of beerKleemann, spent hops as fodder, 1050.K l e i n , L., estimation of carbon in cast-K l e i n, 0.) compounds of organic basesK l e i n, P., diaspore from Jordansmuhl,- manganosite from Langban, Swe-K l e i n . See also P i n n e r .Kleinschmidt. See S t a e d e l .Kleuze. See E u g l i n g .K l i e n , chroniium garnet in Silesia, 361.- catlinite, 361.- fluorite from Evigtok in Green-land, 51F.Klinger. See B e r n t h s e n .K l i p s t e i n , v., the nepheline rock ofK lo c k e, F., the " etch figures " pro-Knoch. See O t t o .Knop, W., diabase from Berneck, 443. - the greenstone soil of Berneek,K n o t t . See O t t o .Koch, A, adular from Verespatak, 359.- colouring matter containing sul-phur derived from dimekhylpara-phenylenediamine, 628. - pseudobrookife and szaboite, newminerals, 441.Koch, K. R., changes in the surface ofplatinum and palladium produced byoxygen-polarisation, 1006.K o c'h, mefhod of photographing bacte-ria, 1046.Kobig, J., constituents of Roman cha-momile oil, 454.K o h l e r , H., action of ammonium s d -phate on barium ethylsulphate, 137. - decomposition of ethylsulphates bygaseous hydrochloric acid, 137.- ethereal oils of some Ericaceee,641.- formation of ethylamine, 219.- mercuric chloride, 101 7. - mercuric iodide, 602, 889. - substituted nitrogen chlorides, 780.KO enig, G., anlierite from Phoenixville,604.- simultaneous occurrence of grossu-lar, zoisite, stilbite, and leidyite, 606.worts, 993.iron, 401.with niercuric chloride, 231.603.den, 605.Meiches in the Odenwdd, 607.duced on the alums, 439.824.K o nig, D., decomposition of bones bystcam, 987.Konig, G. A., chromometry, an appli-cation of t,he blowpipe to quantitativeanalysis, 740.K 6 n i g, H., action of hgdrocyanic andhydrochloric acids on etli-jl methyl-acctoacetate, '706.E o e n i g s , W., action of fuming nitricmid and of nihrous acid on benzene-sulphuric acid, 314.- nitrochinoline, 540. - oxidation of cinehonine quinoliueby potassium permanganate, 731. - oxidation-products of cinchonine,491. - syiithesis of chinoline from allyl-aniline, 540.H 6 p p e n, E. r., phpical and chemicalchanges which specular iron under-goes, when smelted in the cupola fur-nace, 840.I( 6 r n e r, H., paradipropylbenzene andits derivatives, 142.K o e t t s t o r f e r , J., new nief3iod for de-twting foroign fats in butter, 983,1069.Kohn, 8.) decomposition-products ofalbuminoi'ds, 389.Konigel-Weisberg, J., action of chlo-rine on barium hydrate, 505. - action of chlorine on strontia,596.KO pp, H., acids obtained by the saponi-fication of Roman chamomile-oil, 434.- determination of atomic weightsand the use of isomorphism for thesame, 769.K o r s c h e 1 t, saki, the alcoholic drink ofthe Japanese, 413.K o s s e 1. A., chemical aomposition ofpeptones, 811.Kriimer, G., and M. Grodzki, theacids of wood vinegar and their cnn-nection wikh the so-called wood oils,43.K r a ff t, F., conversion of undecylenicacid into undecylir acid, 306.Krandauer, analasis of waters forbrewing, 1078.Krandauer. See also L i n t n e r .Crauch. See M u t s c h l e r ..( r au s e, A., paruphenSlenediamiiie, 468.Clause, H., and G. Salonion, for-mation of xanthine derivatives fronialbumin, 471.Sraut, K., mxcunic iodide, 772.K r e s s n er. See 1) ie t zell.Kriloff. See F l a v i t z k y .E i i hdnemann, G., constituents of hops,i u r b a t o w .See B e i l s t e i n .171ISDEX OF AUTHORS. 1097L.L a b h a r d t , E., nitration of bromonaph-thalene, 721.Lachmann, G., tolyitliiocarbimide,935.La Coste, W., and A. M i c h a e l i s ,mono- and di-phenyl compounds ofarsenic, 161.- - monotolyl compounds ofarsenic, 163. -- triphenylarsine and its deri-vatives, 162.L a d e n b u r g, d., artificial atropine,733. - derivatives of tropic acid, 720.- di-isobut?lamine, 703. - experimental determination of posi-- simple niethod for preparing alde-.- tropidine, 733.L a d e n b u r g , A., and T. E n g e l b r e c h t,some phenylaldchydines, 234.L a d e n b u r g , A., and L. Rugheimer,orthotol~lcnediamine derivatives, 715.-- the aldehydines, 233.L a d u r e a u , A., influence of the time ofnianuring in the beet cultivation, 825. - nitrates in sugar beets, 826.Lagermark, G., synthesis of tetrolicacid, 782.L a g e r m a r k , U., and A. E l t e k o f f ,action of eulphuric acid on acetylene,780.L a i b l i n , R., nicotine and nicotinic acid,808.Lamansky, S., Stokes’s law, 862.L a n d , O., garnetfrom tlie erratic gneissof Wellen, near Bremen, 361.Landauer, J., absorption spectra, 101.L a n d g r e b e, O., cyanoguanidine, 53. - oxidation of ditolj lparabanic acid,Landolph, B’. H., action of boron 0uo-L a n d s h o f f . See Tiemnnn.Lang, C., heat-capacity of soils, 958.L a n g b e i n , G., South American salt-Lange, A., diphenplthiohydantoTn, 651.L a p p e r .See Bell.L a s a u l x , A. v., an intergrowth of twomicas from Middletown, Connecticut,363.tion, 232.lijdines, 233.62.ride on acetone, 914.petre, 1073.- crystal sptem of tridymite, 358.- iodobromite, a new silver halo‘id,365. - optical properties and crystal formof tridymite, 605. - sacellarite, 360.L a s a u l x , H. v., breislakite, 206.VOL. XXXVI.L a t s c l i i n o f f , P., oxidation of cholicacid, 810. - some neutral oxidation-products ofcholcsterin, 135.L a u f e r , E., behaviour of quartz withmicrocosmic stilt, ’79.Laugier, E., analysis of raw sugars,404. - determination of free acids in oils,406.L a u t e r b a c l i , P., nitration of deriva-tives of the paraffins, 700.Lavendel., It., improrements in treat-ing waste sulphuric acid that has beenused for pickling iron platrs, and otherarticles of iron or steel, 423.Lawrence, R., and C.W. R e i l l y ,analysis of Burton ales and Dublinporter, 344.L e baigue, E., apparatus for continualdialysis, 347.L e B el, J. A., dextrogwyrate amyl alcohol,369. - limit of the separation of alcoholfrom water, 703. - methylpropyl carbinol prepared bysynthesis, 1029,L e Be1 andGtreene,actionof zincchlo-ride on methyl alcohol ; hexmethyl-bmzene, 49. -- action of zinc chloride onnormal butyl alcohol, 1029.L e c h a r t i e r , G.. action of potaesiumpyrogallol on nitric oxide, 1012._I estimation of organic matter innatural water$, 976.-preservation of green fodder inpits, 1049.L e C h a t e l i e r .See Mallard.L e c h e r, E., heat capacity of mixtures ofmethyl alcohol and water, 688.L e c 1 a n c h 6, an iniprorement of the per-oxide of mangane.je battery, 1.L e c l e r c , A., nutritive value of seed-bearing beet-root, 822.L e e d s , A. R., action of potassium per-manganate on oxalic acid, 353. - alteration of standard ammoniumchloride solution when kept in thedark, 400. - ammonium nitrate and the bye-products obtained in tlie ozonisationof air by moist phosphorus, 1381.-- detection and estimation of nitrousacid in potable TviltcrS, acids, &c., 964. - estimation of nitrates in very dilutesolution, 106%.L e f o r t , J., tritungstates, 600. - tungstates of the earthy and me-L e h m a n n , d., constitution of ultrs-tallic sesquioxides, 35.3.marine, 204.h 1098 INDEX OF AUTHORS.L e n z, W., fluorbenzenesulplionic acidand the melting points of substitutedbenzcnesulphonio acids, 649.Lepel, B.F. F., newunirersal stand foruse with the pocket spectroscope, 574.Lepel, F. v., adultcration of wine, 82.L e s c e u r , H., and A. Rigaut, solidL e t t s , E. A., some bismuth wsidues,Ldvy. See F o u q u 6 .Lewin, L., spongy iron and animalcharcoal as materials for purifjingwater, 343.cyanogen 213 dride, 1028.385.Lewis. See S t o r e r .L ’ H o t e, L., procew for enriching phos-phates contining earthy carbonates,490.Lieben, A., den.;itF of chlorine a t highteniperat urcs, 1011.Lieben,A., and L.Zeisel,croton alde-hyde and its homologues, 615.L i e b e r m a n n , C., nnthmcene derira-twes of the chrysazin swieo, 537.- reduction of ~ n t h r a q u i n o n c - s u 1 ~ ~ -nit acids, 537. - synthesis of anthrarufin and chry-sazin from anthmcene, 260.L i e b e r m a n n , C . , and K. Boeck,anthraceiie-disull)honic acid and itsconversion into nnthwrufin, 257.L i e b c r m a n n , C., aiid J. D e h u s t ,constitution of anthrarufin and oxy-anthrarufin, 942.L i e b e r m a n n , C . , and S. Hani-b u r g L‘ r, formulae of qiiercit rin andquercetin, 94.4.Lieberninnn, C., and 0. H o r m a n n ,aathrol, 653. -- formiilae of rhainnctin andxan thorh amn in, 2 7 1. -- glucoaide of buekthorn-berrirs and rlianinodiilcite, 39.L i e b e r m a n n , C., and P.S e i d l e r ,chrysarobin in (‘ Goa powder,” 326.L i e b e r m a n n , L., gas crolved by theaction of barium lijdrate on albumi-noi’ds, 735.Lie bisch ,T., mineralogical-petrogrnphi-cal notes on tlie gimiite-porphyry ofLower Sileein, 29.- occurrciiee of disthene in CentralAfrica, 24. - some sjenitr-porphgries of Bouth-west Nor\i ay, 362.L i e b s c h e r , R r i c m , and R. Bnyger,exhaustion of tlic soil b j beet-root cul-tivation, 1050.L i n do, D., analjsis of caoutc11ouc, 550.L i n k , A., and R. J f o c k e t , on the dcli-cacy of some rcactions for hjdrocjanicaoid, 4.03.L i n n o s s i e r . See c h a p u i s .L i n t n e r , C., K r a n d a u e r , and T r e i -b e r , offect of artiflciallp manuredbarley on the composition of the wort,959.L i p p m a n n , E., and J.H a n l i c z e k ,eihosylene, a derivative of ligniteparaffin, 447.-- eikosylene, a dcrivatire ofbromn-coal paraffln, 609.L i p p m a n n , E., and W. S t r e c k e r ,aniylidene-aniline, 462, 714.nitrocununol and its deri-ratives, 4 64.L i p p m a n n , E., and Gt. V o r t m a n n ,compounds of cobalt and nioliel chlo-rides with anilines, 461.--L i p p m a n n . See also F i t t i g .L i s t , K., ningiictir conipounds havingthe formula. R0.Fe20,, 13.L i y a c h e , d., abnormal solubility of cer-tain botlics in soaps and alknline re-sinates, 99.Locliger, .T. N., recent researches insolar (*hemistry, 425.- researches on spectra, 575.Losecke, A.v., forniationof ammoniumnitrate, 295.L o s e k a n n , c f . , action of sulphurettedhydrogen on alkaline solutions ofalumina, 437.Loew, O., tlctection of lecitliin, 835.~ ositlntivn of albumin by the oxy--- source of Iiippuric acid in the urineL o w i g, G. and F., preparation of alka--- preparation of alumina, 490.L o i r , clicmical functions of acetio anhj-Lo 11 g, H., action of alcoholic potash onL o n g 11 i n i n e, W., thermic effect of sub-Loreiiz. Scc S o n n t a g .L o r i n , M., preliminary study of theaction of acids on salts without theintervention of a solvent, 689.Los:initeli, S. &I., action of potash ontctrnnitrotliphen?l carbamide, 67.L u c n , S. de, a tiii*ead-like substancefound in the excavatiom of Poiiipeii,680.- presence of lithium in the earthsand water of the Solfhtsraat Yozzouli,33.- splittiug up of cyclamin into glu-cose and nianrlite, 70.Liibawin, S., nuclei‘n from COWJ’ milk,735.I; ugi n in, W., inffuence of substitutiongen of tlie air, 389.of herbivorous animals, 982.line alunninates, 491.dricle, 621.bromoform, 126.stitutions, 871INDEX OF AUTHORS.1099M a r c h a n d , E., milk from cows of dif-ferent. races, 749. 1on the evolution of heat during forma-tion of salts, 76’7.L u g wi g, E., milarite, 358.L u n g e , G., antichlor, 676. - application of Witt’s tropaeoline to- behaviour of the nitrogen acids- estimation of nitrous and nitric- existence of nitrous anhydride in- preparation of nitrous mid, 200.- resin-sizing of papex., 994. - ~ o d a industq, 677, 751.- the amountj of sulphuric acid intit,rstion, 176.uith sulphuric acid, 770.acids, 79.the gaseous state, 502.wines, 762.M c u l e n (B. v a n der). A new copperM e u n i e r , S., artificid production ofnitritc, 693.natire crtrburetted iron, 693.M.M a b e r y , C. J., and H. B. H i l l , dime-tliyluric acid, 48.Macadam, W. I., composition of a no-dule of ozokerite found a t Kinghorn-ness, 1020.Macagno, J., action of the ferment ofsour wine on good wine, 817.Mach, E., cxpcriments of the fining ofwine, 1078.M a c t e a r , J., improvements in themanufacture of soda and potash, 422. - loss of nitre in the vitriol manu-facture, 838.Mnder, C., apple and pear wine, 1078.M a e r c k e r, RI., gravimetric est imationof dextrose by means of an alkalinecopper solution, 180.M a g a t t i , G., action of sulphuric anliy-dride on phenylthiocarbimide, 312.M a i l l o t , E., aniline-derivatives of seba-cic acid, 376.X a l l a r d , E., bravasite, a new mineral,442.Mallard and Le C h a t e l i e r , detectionof marsh-gas in the air of mines, 673.M a l l e t , J.W., barceuite, a new anti-monate from Huitzuco, Mexico,1022. - nitrogen iodide, 882.M a l y , R., nitrosothiohydantoh, 712.Mandelin, A. F., quinine citrate, 1043.M a n e t t i , L., and G. Musso, composi-Mann, C., new volumetric method forM a n o u r y . See Flteffens.Marcano, V., and A. M u n t z , utilisa-tion of the banana, 568.tion of skimmed whey, 856.estimating zinc,.1054,.M a r i g n a c , C., on the discowry of anew earth announced by J. L. Smith,12.- the gadolinite earths, 113.- yttcrbiurn, a new metal from p d o -M a r k l , A., artificial yeast for molassesM a r t i 11, G., a Japanese cinnamon bark,- constituents of Lig-ustnrwa Ibotzc,- Erodin glauca, 333. - Scopotia japonicn, 333.M ask el y n e, N. S., artificial diopsiclcfor lied in a Bessemer converter,513.linitc, 118.distilleries, 1078.320.330.- enstntitcfrom South Africa, 513.Mnssenbach, V., experiments withM a t e j c ze k.hl n t t 11 c j , F., decomposition of lead sul-M a t t hey, G., preparation of iridio-pla-Maunien6, E., composition of slate,Mnuro, P., the spinelle of Tiriolo, inMazxara.See P a t e r n b .N e d i c u s , L., and E. S c l i w a l , ejtima-tion of starch in sausages, 970.M 611 u, C., estimation of urca, 985. - Marchand’s method of determiningthe butter in milk, 675.M e 1 d o 1 a, R., a cause for the appearanceof bright lines in the solar spectruiii,574.artificial manures, 958, 1050.See S t e f f c‘ 11 s.pliatc by sodium cliroridc, 121.tiniini, 772.102 1.Cnlabrirt, 694.- naplithalenc deriratires, 165.Melikoff. See W e r i g o .Menke, A. E., reactions of iodiue andof potassium iodiclc with sulphurousacid, 3.52.Menozzi. See M u r r o .M e n s c h u t k i n , N., ettierificntion ofprimary ulcohols, 36. - etherification of secondary nlcohols,214. - etherification of tertiary alcoholsand phenols, 215.Merz, V., and W.W e i t h , action ofbromine on the higher pnraffiiis, 308.-- action of bromine on thelower paraffins, 302.Merz., V., and G. Z e t t e r , preparationof trinitroresorcinol and trinitroorci-nol, 717.Merz. See also D i e h l 1100 INDEX OF AUTHORS.M e un i e r, S., metallic granules of spora-dosidereal meteorites, 609.M e y e r, A., absorption-spectra of solu-tions of brucine, morphine, strychnine,veratrine, and santonine in concen-trated acids, 269.Me y er, C. and V., vapour-densities ofsome inorganic bodies, 5’79.Xeyer, E. v., some new platinum com-pounds : fulminoplatinums, 373.Meyer, F., preparation of large regularcrystals, 352.Mey er, G., action of carbonic anhydrideon certain cyanides, 303.Me y e r, L., purification of mercury,602.Meper, O., the rock of the St.Gothwd- twin zircon crystals, 363.Meyer, R., deriratires of liydroxypropyl-benzoic acid, 795. - hydroxylntion by direct oxidation,136. - the minerd spring of “Tenni-ger Bad,” Somvaaer, Tobel, Grisons,33.M eyer, R., and J. R o s i c k i, hydroxypro-pylbenzoic acid, 157, 465.Meyer, V., determination of vaponr-density, 1’77.- occurrence of furfurol in glacialacetic acid, 13’7.Meyer, V. and C., determination ofvapour-densities of substances whichattack mercury, or which boil aboveMO”, 294. -- vapour-densities of some in-organic compounds, 875.- vapour-densities of some metallicchlorides, 1013.- Tapour-density determinations ofinorganic bodies at high temperatures,766.M i c h a el, A., synthesis of phenol gluco-side and of orthoformgl glucoside 01-helicin, 1038.tunnel, 366.Michael. Soe also G a b r i e l .Michaelis, A., a homologue of phos-phenyl chloride, 721.Michaelis, A., and F. D i t t l e r , reac-tions of phenylphosplline, 528.Michaelis. See also La Coste.Michler, W., and G. B l a t t n e r , nitra-tion of bcnzenesulplianilide, 929.Michler, W., and E. E x h e r i c h , poly-substituted carbamicles, 934.Michlcr, W., and G. Moro, action ofsulphochlorides on aniines, 920.Miclilcr, W., and R. Zimmcrmann,polysubstituted carbamides, 933.Mikosch, C., oi-igin of chlorophyllgranules, 174.M i l l a r d e t .See Ciayon.M i l l e r , H. v., malonic acid, 911.M i 11 e r, W, v., angelic acids of different- diinethacrylic acid, 307.Millot,, A, insoluble phosphoric acid insuperphosphate, 1052.Mills, E. J., researches in thermometry,588.Mills, E. J., and J. J. Smith, re-searches on chemical equivalents, 8’76.Miquel, P., a new organised ferment,817. - presence of an alcoholic ferment inthe air, 394. - tlic succinic fermentation, 394.M i t s c h e r l i c h , on new phenomenaM i t t e n zwey. See S c h m i t t .Mockel. See Link.Moe. See Z e t t e r .M o h l a u , R., ortliodiamidodiphenethole,Mohlau. See also Schmitt.Moeller, J., fibrous materials, 859.Morner, I(. A. H., alkali-albuminateand syntonin, 489.M o hr, F., material for standard weightsand measures, 102.- nature of cohesion and its chemicalsignification, 579.M o i s s an, H., amalgams of chromium,iron, manganese, nickel, and cobalt,693. - iron reduced by hydrogen, 887.Moitessier. See Engel.Monnct, F., F. R e v e r d i n , and E.N o 1 t i n g, influenee of metatoluidinein the preparation of rosaniline, 625. -- nicthylated derivatives of ani-line and toluidine, and the eolour ob-tained therefrom, 310. -- presence of metanitrotoluenein commercial nitrotoluene, 625.Montgolfier, J. de, derivativesof tere-benthene. 328. - isomeride of borueol, 944.- terebenthene dihydrochloride, 944.- transformation of camphic acidMoore, G. E., hetaerolite, a new miue-Morawski, T., citramalic acid, ’707.Morawski, T., and J.S t i n g l , modifi-cation of Bunsen’s method of man-ganese determination, 278. -- potassium permanganate andits oxidation-products, 204. -- I olumetric eatimation of man-ganese, 277.Morawski. See also S t i n g l .Morgan, T. M., composition of a well-origin, 45.shuwn by gases, 587.939.into camphor, 726.ral, 17,water at Grouville, 1072INDEX OF AUTHORS. 1101Morley. See Claisen.Moro. See Michler.7LI o r t o n, H., chronology of the isomericM oser, J., cultivation and preservation- cultivation of dhurra or sorgho- potassium salts as a manure, 826.Mot t, H. A., American baking powdersand alum, 107.Motten, action of heat on sugar andsugar solutions, 911.Mro wec, S., carbon bisulphide manufac-ture in Swoszowice, arid its use for theextraction of sulphur, 837.purprrrins, 943.of maize, 960.grass, 823.Mulilhiiuser.See Hell.Muller, F. C. G., gases in iron and- the Bessemer process, 566.Muller, II., and C. P a u l y , preparationMuller, P., and Hauer, remarks onM u l l e r - J a c o b s , A, mordant for Tur-Mun t z, A, ripeiling of rye, 337.Mulder, X., synthesis of diniethylbarbi-turic acid, 618.Mulder, B., and G. J. W. Brenier,action of chlorine monoxide on ethyl-ene, 303.Muller, F. H. S., and F. Wiesinger,prepamtion of sulpho-compounds froindiazo-compoundu, 933.N u n i e r . See Hecht.Muntz. See Marcano.Murro, G., and A. Menozzi, forma-tion of fat from casei'n in the ripeningof cheese, 996.M u s c u l us, F., modifications of the phy-sical properties of' starcli, 518.Musculus, F., and J.de Mering,ltctioii of diastase, saliva, and pan-creatic juice 011 starch and glucose,370.steel, 437.of potassiuni nitrite, 595.beer fermentation, 1079.key-red dyeing, 187.Musso. See Manetti.N u s t apha, I., active principle ofdinmiMutschler, L., and C. Kranch, com-visnup, 1040.position of candle nut, 967.N.Narr, F., behaviour of electric currentsNaumann, A., density and decomposi-- dissociation of chloral hydrate,in rarefied gases, 345.tion of nitric acid, 196-690.Nencki, M., relation of oxygen t o thelife of the microzoa, 953.Nencki, M., and P. Giacosa, exist-ence of bacteria or their germs in thehealthy organs of animals, lo&.Nenclii, M., and F.Schaffer, actionof chloral hydrate on ammonium thio-ejaiiate, 306.Nencki, M., and N. Sieber, new syn-thesis of glycocyamine, 70.Nessler, J., pressing of red wine, 681. - detection of free tartaric acid, andof sulphuric acid, in nine, 931.Neubauer, C., detection of wines adul-terated with grape-sugar, 82.Neubauer, C., and k:. Borgmann,estimation of glycerin in wine, 401.Kewlancls. See Duncan.Niederist, G., action of water on thehaloid compounds of o,lcohol-radiclcs,700.Nietzki, R., derimtiTes of quinol (hy-droquinone) , 464.Nikolsky. See Saytzeff.Nilson, L. F., criticism on Bunsen'solder method for separating arsenicfrom antimony, 1058.- scandium, 631. - J tterbia, 601.No b 1 e and A b e 1, combustion of gun-Kijlting.See Monnet.Nordenskiiild, A. E., a new speciesof mineral, thaumasite, 21. - mineralogical notes, 364. - some minerals from Laangban, 21.powder, 992.0.Odermatt, W., formation of phenolfrom putrefying alburnino'id matters,1037.Ogier, J., liquefaction of silicium hy-dride, 436. - nwasurement of the lieat developedin the formation of hydrogen phos-phides and arsenides, 5.- thcrniic formation of silicon hy-dride, 767. - thermic researches on silicic ether,767.Oglialor 0, A., characteristic reactiomof piorotoxin and of some of its deri-vatives, 748. - phenylcinnamic acid, 640. - preliminary notice on TeucrizmOglit*loro. See also P a t c r n i .0 r t h, A., constancy and variation in thecomposition of the soil, 661:.fi-uticans, 7281102 IKDEX O F AUTHORS.0 s t, H., pyromcconic acid, 307, 708.0 s t wal d, W., chemical afEnitr, 348.0 t t, A., heliographic printing, 760.- on the preparation of paper forpigment or carbon pliotography, 560. - photolithogi~al~hy, 836.0 t t 0, It., constitution of sulphotoluide,926. - ppeparation of suIphuretted hydro-gen for cliemico-legal iiwestigations,671.- sulplionic acids derived from sul-phoncs, 649.O t t o , R., and 0. Knoch, competitivecultivation of grass seeds, 824.0 t t 0, R., and A. X n o t t, action of sul-pliuric monochloride on sulphoben-zide, 243.0 t t 0. See also Bec kurt s and P a u l c y.Oudemans, A. C., quinamine, 1044.P.P a a l ~ o w , A., the oxygen spectrum andluminous appearaiices of rarefiedgases in tubcs with liquid electrodes,861.Yabst.See Girard.P a g e n s t e c h e r , A, angelic and tiglicP a g l i a n i , S., naplithylcarbnmides, 723.- reaction of salicylic acid with ferricP a i j k u l l , S. It., mineralogical notices,P a l m e r . See R i c h a r d s .Yanrbinnco, R., dimorphism of 1 : 4acetotoluide, 626.P a t e r s , d., obtaining vtlnadium fronithe uianium ore of Joachimsthal., 9WJ.P a t e r n b , E., constitution of curniccompounds and of cymene, 308.- propjlbenzoic acid, 321.P a t e r i i b , E., and G. Mtlzzara, ben--- cuuiolcarbonic acid, 642. -- tliernial water of TerminiImerew, 698.P a t e r n b, E., and A. 0 g l i a l o r 0, picro-toxin, 729.-- supposed identity of columbinand limonin, 730.P a u l e y , C., and R.O t t o , decomposi-tion of ethyl disulphoxide by potash,219.-- disulphoxidm of benzene andtoluene, 243.P a u l y . See Muller.P a v y , F. W., volumetric estimation ofackls, 465.salts, 748.31.zylated cresol, 314.sugar, 557.P a w l o w, D., tetramethylethylene andits clerivatives, 536.P e b s l , L., action of hypochlorous acidon ethylene, 446.Pecliiney, A. R., preparation of anhy-drous sodium sulpliate from Glaubers d t , 596.PecBhnm, S. F., composition of the- determination of specific gravities,- explosion of the flour mills a t Min-nenpolis, Minnesota, 1079.P e d e r s e n , R., influence of temperatureon the evolution of carbonic anhydrideby barley seeds, 1048.P e i r c e, B.0.) the electromotive powerof gas elements, 998. ,P e l l e t , 11. P., ratio of the sugar in thebeet to the phosphoric acid 111 the rootand leaves, 818.P e n f i e l d, S. L., chemical compositionof triphylite, 695. - Tolninetric estimation of fluorine,829.Penney, M. D., alum in flour andbread, 556.P erger, v., derivatives of anthraqui-none. 253. - a-diamidosnthraquinone, 724.P e r k i n s , F. 9., analysis of butter fat,P e r r y, N. W., platinum-alloy assay,P e t e r m a n n , A., carrot seed, 822.P e t i t, 8.) a new alkaloid, 658.P e t r i , It., chonclrin, 661.Yet ri, J,, detection of blighted wheatin flour by the spectroscope, 9f7.P e t r i , C., fumaric and maleic acids,372.Pf aiindler, L., vapour-density deter-niinations a t high temperatures ofsubstances which attack mercury,499.P f e i f f e r , E., estimation of nitric acidby potassium d~chromate, 399.- oxalic acid not poisonous, 335.- separation of the alkaline earths- tetrathionic and pentathionic acids,P l i i l i p p , G. IT., green and blue ultra-P h i p s o n , T. L., colouring matter of- water from the river Dart, 906.P i c a r d , P., albuminoiid compounds ofthe organs, and of the spleen in parti-cular, 175. - Bernard’s method for the estima-tion of glucose in blood, 674.ashes of whcat bran, 961.448.1070.535.from tlic alkalis, 341.1013.marine, 108.Palmella cruenta, 1048IFDEX OF AUTHORS. 1103P i c a r d , P., researches on the urea con-P i c c a r d , J., rantliaric acid and a hy-- derivatives of cantharaclin and theirP i c c i n i .See F i l e t i .P i c h a r d, alkaline reaction of free,mixed, and cwinbined inngnesium car-bonates and silicates, 298.P i c kering, S., aminoniuin nitrate, 200.P i c t e t , R., study of the molecular con-stitution of liquids by nieans of theircoefficient of clilntation, specific heat,and atomic weight, 875.tained in the organs, 175.drocarbon, C8H12, 270.relation to the ortho-series, 655.P i e r r e , J., oiling of corn, 882.P i e r r e , J., and E. P u c h o t , productsP i l l i t z , W., analysis of the ZsadiLnyerP il t c r, T., artificial aniinal charcoal,- decomposition of pbospliatic mine-P i n n e r , A, andF.Klciii, butylchloral-- conversion of nitriles into- - imiclo-thio-etlters, 147.P i r a t h .See \Vallach.P i s a n i, F., double selcnidcs of lead andcopper, M O . - wagnerite from Ijamle, in Sorway :Russian retiiiite, 141.P l a n t a-Reichcnau, A. v., the mineralsprings of Passiigg, Solis. and Tiefen-kasten, in the Grisons, Switzerland,126.P l a y f a i r , D., note on the detection ofsonie rare metals in pjrites flue dust,973.P l u g g e , P., decomposition of mercuriccyanide by dilute acids alone and i npresence of sodium cliloricle, 1064.P o h l , J. J., a metliod of detecting thedigerence betn ccn natural and arti-ficial turyuoiye, 209.Poincark, L., danger of employingmethyl alcohol in certain industries,335.P o k o r n j , F., purification of beet-rootsyrup, 844.Poleck and Bicfcl, quantitative deter-mination of sulphur in illuminatingP o l l a c c i , E., plastering of wine, 681,Ponomareff, J., allantoxanic acid, 226.- coinpounds of the uric acid group,- some derivatives of allanto’in,of distillation of nlcoliols, 612.meteorite, 397.844.rals, 839.hydrocyanide, 41.imides, 46.gas, 78.762.461.228.P o p p e r , R., quantitative determinationof precipitates without filtering, wash-ing, and drying, 480.P o r t e l c , R., influence of heat on theripening of grapes, 104.7.Porro, B., composition of grapes a t dif-ferent stages of ripeness, 820.P o r v e r , F.B., mineral water ofRosheim, in Alsacc, G98.P o s en, E., amidohSdro-cinnamic acid(pvenylamjdo-propionic acid), 378.P o t i l i t z i n , A, action of chlorine onanhydrous nietnllic bromides, 770.- action of selenium on metallic sul-pliides, 771.P o t t , R., researches on the chemicalchangcs in the fowl’s cgg during incu-bation, 474.P r a e t o r i u u , H,, nitration of benzophe-none, benzhiydrol, and diphcnylme-thane, 319.P r z t o r i u s - S e i d l e r , G., reactions ofcyanamide, 910,P r e c h t , I€., composition of the combus-tible gascs in the Stassfurt potashmines, 603. - volumetric estimation of magne-Gum, 1053.Yre is, K., and B. Raymann, acticm of‘iodine on arolnatic compounds withlong sidc-chains, 623. -- cliolesterin, 63 4.P r e u s e . See Baumann.P r i c e, A. P., iml~rovement in the prepa-ration and treatment of saccharine sub-stances and compounds, 423.P r o c t e r , H.R., determination of freeacid in tar liquors, 980. - explosive product of solution ofphosphorus in carbon bisulphidc,996.- Weseluky’s reaction for phloro-glucin, 979.P r u n ier, L., hydrocarbons from Ameri-can petroleum, 447. - quercite, 239. - solubility of cinclionine and esti-mation of cinchona barks, 489.- unsatur:ited hydrocarbons from thedecomposition of Amei.icaii petroleum,10%P r u n i e r , L . . and R. David, crystallineproducts obtained from Pennsylvanianpetroleum, 309.P u c h o t . See P i e r r e .P u s c h , B8hr’s colorimetric process forthe examination of drinking water,553.P u s c h l , C., sketch of the actinic theoryof heat, 6871104 INDEX OFQ u i n c k e, G., formation of emulsion andthe influence of the bile on digestion,5-49.R.R a b u t e a u, L., alcohols in potato fuseioil, 36.Raepper, W.T., on a pseudomorphafter anorthite, from Pranklin, NewJersey, 1022.R a e t z, T., enamel for cast- and wronght-iron, 755.Ramdoh r, L., superheated steam, 838.R a m in e, G., phosphorus sulphides, 691,883.Rammelsberg! C., beliaviour of sili-cates contilining fluorine, especiallytopaz and mica, at high temperatures,772. - determination of lithium, 830.Rampe, H., poison for field mice, 1051.Rams a y, W., on picoline and its deriva-tives, 262.R a ou 1 t, F. M., vapour-tension and soli-difying point of saline solutions, 4.R a t h , (3.v., crystals of amazon-stone(microline) from Pikes Peak, Colo-rado, 515.R a t h k e , B., action of phenyl-thiocarbi-mide on diphenylguanicline, 804.- aromatic thiocarbamides, 804.- digunnidine, 781.- plieiiylthiocarbarnic acid, 54.- sulphuretted dicgsnodiamine, 41.R a u f f , H., chemical composition of ne-pheline, caiicrinite, and microsom-mite, 606.Raymann. See P r c i s .Ke bo ul, dinllyl-acetic acid, 372.- etliylidene clilorobroniide, 369.- isonierisni in the propyl series, 127,Reichenb erg, V., heat-absorption at -tending the solution of potassiumchloriae in water, 5%.Regnauld, J., chloroform as an anees-thetic, 747.R e i c h a r d t , E., a boron mineral fromChili, 19. - analysis of the water of the mine-r a l spring a t Suhl, 516.- detection of chloroform, 280.- distribution of fungus, 479. - uran -pecherz from Joachi m sthal,R e i c h e r t , E., simplification of Hehner'sR c i l l y . See Lawrence.18.method of testing butter, 406.LUTHORS.Reimann, M., chrome-black on wool,- valuation of body colours, 179.Reimer. See Tiemann.R e i s e t, J., the proportion of carbonicR e m s e n, I., oxidation of sylene-sulpha-Remsen. See also B a h l b e r g andRenouard, A., analysis of silk cocoons,Renoul. See U r b a i n .Revcrdin. See Monnet.Reynolds, J. E., sugar as a test of thepurity of water, 1062.R i b an, J., compounds of hydrogen phos-phide with cuprous chloride, and itsestimation.in gaseous mixtures, 503.R i c h a r d s , E. S., and A. W .P a l m e r ,antimony tannate, 933.R i c he, A., action of light on silver chlo-ride, 694.R i c h e t , C., conditions of lactic fermen-tation, 663.R i c h t e r , V. T., action of phosphoruspentacliloride on eth.1 oralate, 138.R i c kmann, R., coiibtitution of ultra-marine, 203, 1011.R i c k man 11, J. P., manufacture of am-monia, 496.R iecke, E., the electromotive power of aGrove's element in ternis of Siemens-Vebrr units, 998.Riessiiiuller, L., and S. W i e s i n g e r ,4 con-xrsion of rags and hair into man-572.anhydride in the air, '744.inides, 248.I l e s .952.ure, 859.R i g a n t . See Lescceur.R i l l i e t . See Ador.R i n n c, A., ultramarine, 885.R i o b i n i n e a i d A. S a y t z e f f , diallyl-R i t t er, A., the " tcinperature surface "R i t t e r .See also Clouct.R i t t h a u s en, 11.. a1 huminojids fromR o b e r t s . Sre G e r l s n d .Bodewald,H., andX. 'l'ollens,reduc-tion of cupric oxide by milk-sugar,217.Rodwell, G. I?., and H. M. E l d e r ,effect of heat on mercury di-iodide,498.isoproyylcarbinol, 612.of carbonic acid, 193.castor-oil secds, 390.Roeiner. See Schunclt.Rbselcr, C., estimation of manganese.Rijssler. See also G c r i c l i t e n .R o 11 c t, A., determination of sulphur inthe ore, in the fuel, and in the pro-ducts of the iron industry, 974.R o s e n f e 1 d, &I., cuproiis chloride, 693.746INDEX OF- physiological relations of phenjl-acetic and phenylpropionic acid, 662. IRosenfeld.See also I I o n i g .R o s e n s t i e h l , A., absorption spectrumof alizarin and of some colouring mat-ters derived from it, 807. -_ anthraflavone and anthraxanthicacid, 383.- constitution of the rosanilines, 463.Rosicki. See BIeyer.Rouville, P. de, natural crystals ofmagnesium snlphate (epsomite) oflarge size, 358.R u d n e f f , W., nction of iodine on thio-carbamides, 48. - amides of tertiary hydrocarbonradicles, 71 3.~ trimethylcarbamine, 40, 141.R u d o l p h , U., benzylamine, 921.- derivatives of orthonitraniline,921.S c h i f i , R., action of aldehydes on chlo-rill iliinuonis, 452.R u d o r f f , F., determination of the spe-cific grarity of powdered substances,669R u g h e i m e r . See L a d e n b u r g .R u f f l e , J., estimation of nitrogen, 961.R,ump.See J a n n a s c h .Ruoff. See Z e t t e r .Rush, W. U., copaibic acid, 1038.R u s s e l l , J. C., occurrence of a solidhydrocarbon in the eruptive rocks ofKew Jersey, U.S.A., 896.S.S a a r b a o h, L., phenyloxypropionic acid,642.S a b a t i e r , P., thermochemical study ofthe alkaline sulphides; 665. - tliermochemical study of dissolvedalkaline sulphides, 866.S a b i n e , R., niotions produced by diluteacids on some amalgam surfaces, 431.S a c h t l c b e n . See Schniiclt.St. C l a i r e - D e v i l l e , H . , deiieityof thevapour of ammonium dihydrosul-phide, 880.S t. Meunier,artificial crystallisation oforthose, 359.S a l k o m s k i , E., behariourofammoniumchloride in the orgunism, and estima-tion of chlorine in urine, 830.- compoiinds of grape-sugar withcupric hydrate, 778. - pancreatic digestion, 814.S a l k o u ski, E. and H., formation of hy-drocinnamic acid '59 means of pan-creas ferment. 465.4UTHORS. 1105Salkows ki, H., behaviour of metanitra-nisoll towards ammonia, 528.- products of the fermentation ofalbuininolds, 659.Salonion, G., occurrence and origin ofhyposanthine and lactic acid in theanimal body, 176.Salomon. See nlso K r a u s e .S a l z e r , T., hFpophosphoric acid and itssalts. 105.S a u d b e r g c r , F,, occurrenee of tin insilicates, 608.S a n t o s , J. R., analysis of lamp-blackmule from the natural hydrocarboiigas of the Ohio petroleim region,97.S a r a u w , action of acetic aiil~ydride andS a r r a u and V i e i l l c , tli'coniposition ofSillier. See S t a e d c l .S a y t zeff, A, action of dilute snlphnricacid on ellyldinietliyl carbinol, 447.S a y t z e f f , A.and P., prepilldon of di-propjlallvl carbind, 13ti.S as t z e f'f,k. and P., and A. Y i k o l s k y,action of sulphuric acid on allyldi-rnetliyletli~l- and all~ldipropyl-car-binol, 214.Sap t x e ff, A, and Y chirokof f, diethyl-uil~lcsrbinol, 214.Saytzcff'. See also R i o b i n i n e , S e m -l i a n i t z i n e, and S c h i 1.0 k o f f.S c 11 II e I,, E., decomposition of tlic haloi'tlsalts of mercury, 694.S c h a f f e r . See Keneki.S c h a f f e r t , F., esperinients on manur-Sclis!fceff, melissic acid, 782.S c l i s l l , C., the hyclrox!toluic acids fromtlic tlncc isomeric eresols, 791.Scliuuniann, N., paraxylitiine, 51.Sc.hituniann.See also H u b n e r .Sclicring, E., lead in putasaium iodide,- manufacture of potassium iodidc,S c h e r t e l , A., grey niodification of tin,S c h i e l , J., fermentation, 663.- formstion of ozone by hydrocar-sodium acetate on quinouc, 718.gun cotton in a closed vessel, 991.ing, 1050.501.501.888.. .bons, 592.S c h i f f , H., analysis of organic com-pounds coutaiiiikg haloge& or nitrd- I -gen, 555. - dirallic acid, 466, 616. - p&eervation' of potable water, 85,- tungsten oxychlorides and chlo-107%.rides. t8Y1106 INDEX OF ACTHORS.S c h i f f, R., metaiiitrocinnamic lacid,- sptliesis of metanitrocumaricS c h i f f , R., and 8.T a s s i n a r i , twoS c h i r o k o ff, and A. Say t z ef €, alljldie-S c h i r o k o f f . See also S a y t z e f f .S climiclt, A, decomposition of horn-- quartz diorite from Yosemite, 512.S c h m i d t , E., mercurialine (mcthyla-mine), 40. - metliylcrotonic and angelic acids,617.Schmidt, E., and R. S a c h t l e b e n , iso-butglformic acid (inactive valericacid), 139.S c h m i d t , I€., and G. Schultz, azo-,azosy- and hydrazo-compounds, 630. -- cliplienoh, 651. - - diplim3.1 bases, 252, 652. -- diphenglbenzenes, 163.S c h m i d t . See also B a r t h , andW c i d el.S c 11 mi cl t, G. A., nitrophenanthrene andits derimtives, 9 1.1.Scliiniedeberg, O., a new carbohy-drate, 779.Schniiecleberg, O., and W a l t e r , for-niation'of urea in the animal organism,952.S c 11 m i t t , E., testing bees'-wax for rosin,283.- the rolatile acid of croton oil,221.S c h m i t t , R., constitution of diclilorazo-phenol, 924. - preparation of azobcnzene fromaniline, 313.S c h i n i t t , R., andGoldberg, action ofbleaching powder on ethyl alcohol,910.S c l i n i i t t , R., and 0. Mittenzwey,action of diazo-compouuds on ethylmcrcaptan, 301.S c h n i i t t , It., and R Miihlau, szoxy-,azo- and Ii~c11.azo-phenetuls, 317.S climi t z , H. J., substitution-~rodazctsof mesitylcnic acid, 155.S c h m i t z , A, diphen?lene ketone amlphenjlbenzoic acid, 161.S c h m i t z . Sce also P i t t i g .S c h m o e g e r, M ., isornalic acid, 61s. - on the possibility of replacing thecarbonic acid of the air necessary forthe production of chlorophyll in sm-cophytic and parasitic plants byorganic. substances, 737.Schneider, R., atomic weight of anti-mony, 354.321.acid, 157.monobroinopyromucic acids, 308.t li y 1 ~rtr b I n 01, 4448.stonc, 511.Schiinberg. See Soniitag.S c hu n e, E., electrolysis of hydrogen- estimation of hydrogen peroxide,- hSdrogen peroxide, 353, 592.-Schopp. See H e l l .Schorlemmer. Sce Dale.S c 11 o t t, O., estimation of iodine inSchraube. See Caro.S c h r a u f, A., the tellurium ores of Sie-benbiirgen, 897.S c h r c d e r, J., fluorescein - carboxylicacid, 53.Sclireder. See also B a r t h .Schreiner, L., boiling points of thecthereal salts of hydroxy- and allcyl-0x3- acids, 522.Schreiner, P., a new organic base inthe animal organism, '72.Schroeckinger, T., dietrichite, a newalum from Hungary, 440.Schroeder, H., law of molecularvolumes, 19'7, 198, 430.-- specific gravity determinations ofsolid orgnnic compounds, 610.- volume constitution of the sul-phates, selenates, and chromates ofthe magnesium metals, 768.Scliriicler, W., estimation of nitrogenin urine, 88Y.S c h r o cl t, M . , composition of mare'smilk, 550.S ch uler, J., ferricyanides, 702.S c h ii t z en b c r g e r, P., researches onalbumin, 5k2.Schiitzenberger, P., and A. Des-t reiii, composition of beer-yeast, 477. -- on alcoholic fermentation, 550.-- researches on beer-yeast, 476.S c h u l e r u d , L., on chromates and cli-S c h u l t z , E., specific rotatory power ofS c h ul t z, G., constitution of phenan-S c h u l t z . See also A n s c h u t z andS ~ h u l t z e , W., the malt test, 569.S c h u l z , H., action of cieodylic acid onthe animal organism, 476. - action of inono- and di-phenylar-senic acid on aniinals, 476.S c h u l z c , E., and J. B a r b i e r i , lupi-nin, a new glncoside, 467.S c 11 u rn a c h e r, E., granular plslgioclascin the limestone strata of Geppersdorf,902. - growth phenomena on quartz crys-tals from Krummendorf, near Streh-len, 901.peroxide, 878.740.varec, 1051.cliromates, 298.isocholcsterin, 634,threne, 538, 653.d c liini d t INDEX OF AUTHORS.1107Schumacher, E., idocrase in tlie lime-stone strata of Deutsch Tscliammen-dorf, 902.Schunck, E., indigorblue, 532.Schunck, E., and H. Roemer, meta-benzdioxSanttiraquiiionc, 68.-- a- and p-nitroalizarin andp-amidoalizarin, 654. -- nitroalizarin, 725.Schwal. See Medicus.Scli warz, composition of pyropissite,1021.Schmarz, H., formula of hipparaffin,650.S e e g e n, J., transformation of glycogenby the salivary and pancreatic fer-ments, 548.Seellg, E., derivatives of mucic acid,783.S e i d l e r . See L i e b c r m a n n .Selrni, F., formation of poisonous al-kaloiids in the human corpse, 73%. - poisonous alkaloid from an ex-humecl corpse, 734.S em liaii i t L i n c and A. Say t z e f f , oxy-valwic acid from allj 1 dimethyl CtLrbi-nol, 615.S e n d t n e r , R., action of ethyl oxalstcondinietli~lparaphcnylcnedlnmine, 627.- some new salts of uranyl, 507.S e s t i ni, F., the glucovide of liquorice,727.S e t t e g a s t , IT., contributions to qusnti-tatire spectrum analvsis, 828.S e u b c r t ; C., atomic kei& of iridium,125.- double salts of diad iridium, 125.Shadwell.See C l a i s e n .S i c 11 e r e r .S i e b e r . See Nencki.Siebold, L., titration of hydrocyanicacid and cyanides, and its relation toalkalimetry, 186.See Bra n c h i m on t.S i e g f r i e d . See A l b e r t .S i e w e r t , E., analvsis of hops, 957.- estimation of fatty matters in feed-Simon. See H u b n e r .Simonin, L., ane~processforthetreat-ment of iron aiid copper pyrites in tliedry nay, 563.- tlie part played by coal-dust inproducing explosions in coal mines, 98.S k r a u p , Z . ti., cinchonine and cinchoni-dine, 71. - composition of cinchonine, 948.- constitution of cincbonine bases,- oxidation-products of cinchona- oxidation-products of cinchonine,iiig stuffs, 558.810.bases, 656.948.S k r a u p , Z. H., oxidation-products ofS k r a u p , Z. H., and G. V o r t m a n n ,S m e t h a m, A, composition of boiler in-S im i t 11, A. J., halogen-derivatives of- blue flame from common salt, 497.S m i t 11, E. P., electrolj tic estiiiiaiion ofS m i t 11, E. J., electrolytic estimation ofS m i t h , J. J. See Mills.S m i t 11, J.IJ., a new earth of the ceriumgroup, and on tlie aiialgsis of naturalniobatcs, 12. - crjstals extracted from cast-ironby etliey, 771. - dnubnxlite, the new nietcoricmineral, 33.- remarkable specimen of silicon iron,20 ?& -. the native iron of Greenland andthe dolerite which encloses it, 892. - the supposed new element mosau-driuni, 13.S m i t h , J.L., mdL. deBoisbaudran,spectrum of didymium nitrate, 861.S m i t h , R. A., absorption of gases bycliarcottl, Part 11, on a new series ofequivalents or moleculcs, 500. - detection of fire damp, 991.S m i t h , W., characteristic reactions ofthe aromatic h~drocarbons with anti-nioiiy or bisi iiuth tricliloridc, 831.__ cxtinguisliing fires in tar distil-lcries, 1080. - vapour-densities of the threeisomeric dinaphthyls, 537.Snyders, A.J. C., chemical action ofuater and saline solution> on zinc, 11.Sokoloff, N., explosion of nitromai -nitol, 1080.- preparation of nitromannite andthc conditions of its explcsion, 777.Solvag, E., preparation of chlorine andhydrochloric acid bF means of ralciuniand magneviuin cliloridcs, 8.Soinnisruga, E. P., action of ammoniaon isstin, Part 11, 63.- wtion 0f ammonia on quinones,71&- molecular weight of indigo, 532.-. vapour-densit) of indigo, 63.Sonntng, X., M. dchdnberg, and H.L o r e n z, feeding experiment8 withsheep, 951.Sore t, J. L., fluorescence of the salts ofthe earth-metals, 862.8 ox h 1 e t, F., quantitative estimation ofmilk fat, 1068.quinine, 809.cinclwnicine, 948.crustation, 839.P-naphthol, 722.cadiniuni, 746.cadmium, 2761108 INDEX OF AUTHORS.Soy ka, J., influence of soils on the de-composition of organic substances,339.S pi ca, P., propylphenoh and other de-rivatires of propylbenzene, 631.Spiegelberg, L., nitro-, amido-, andbromo-benzenesulplionic acids, 796.Spiegclberg. Set! also Henzelmann.Mpitzcr, F.V., caniphene from cam-- camphor dicliloride, 168.S t a c k m a n n . See Doebner.S t a e d e 1, W., benzophenone, 318. - halogcn-derivatives of ethane, 368. - halogen-derivatives of ethane and-- raceinic acid, 223.Stacrlel, W., and G. Damm, bromo-nitro- and bromarnido-anisol, 239.Stiiedel, W., a i d E. Halm, apparatusfor regulating the atmospheric pres-sure in boiling-point determinstions,346.Staedel,W., and Kleinschmidt, iso-indol, 256.S t a e d e l , W., and E.S a u e r , dinitro-benzophenone, 2 12.S t a h l s c h n i i d t , C., polyporic acid, 382.S t a h r e . See D r a g e n d o r f f ,S t e a d , J. E., phosphorus in Clevelandironstone and in iron, 90.S t e f a n , diffusion of carbonic anhydridethrough water and alcohol, 347.S t e f f e n s , Manoury, Mateyczek,and D r e v e r m a n n , recovery of sugarfrom molasses, 844.S t e i n , G., analysis of Turkey-red oil,984.S tei nau, R. and C., manufacture of ared pigment from iron scrap, 97.S t e i n e r, J., the ammoniaral copper testand its application, 1066.S t e v e n s o n , W., estimation of quininein ferri et puinre citras, B.P., 405.St i l l n i an, J.M., bornadinite, a resinousmineral from California, 603.S t i n g l , J., valuation of burnt lime,400.S t i n g l , J., and T. Morawski, produc-tion of sulphur from sulphurous acidand hydrogen snlphide, 1012.S t i n g l . See also Morawski.S t o c k, W. F. K., analysis of boiler feed-waters, 273.S t o d d a r t , W., the logmood test foralum, 483.S t o c k en i us, O., phenylnmidacetic acid,322.S t o e d e r , W., estimation of the alka-lol'ds in the Bolivian quinine barks cx-hibited a t the Horticultural Exhibi-tion in Amsterdam, 281.phor, and its homologues, 168.ethylcne, 212.S t o hmann, F., a calorimetric method,586.S t o r e r , F., and D. S. Lewis, analysisof shave grass, 956.-- analjses of some species ofthe gourd facily, 961.-- analyses of meeds used assalad, 821.-- seed of Sorghum tdgare,956.S t r e c k e r . See L i p p m a n n .S t r e n g , A., sulphide of silver fromS t ii 11 k el, C., daphnetin, 469.8 t u t z e r, A., preparahion of pressedyeast as a bye-product from potato-spirit, 813.Andreasberg, 440, 898.S u i da, W., isatin derivatives, 937.T.T a c c h i n i , M., ferruginous particlesdeposited b j a sirocco a t certain placesin Italy, 515.TakBcz, A., oxidation in the organism,814.T a n r e t , C., alkaloi'ds of the porne-granate, 637. - plletierine, a base from the barkof the pomegranate, 170.T a p p e i n e r, H., action of potassium di-chromate and sulphuric acid on cholicacid, 388.T a s s i n a r i, G., derivatives of arachidicacid, 307.T a s s i n a r i .See also S c h i f f .T a t t e r s a l l , J., new test for papaverine,T e d c s chi, V., resorcinoldisulphonicRCld, 934.T e r r e i 1, A., analyses of metallic frag-ments obtained from Peruvian tombsat Brreon (Lima), 409. - new determination of the equivalentof aluminium, 692. - new method for determining themelting point of organic substances,6f3.1067.T e x t o r . See Gabba.T r e i b e r . Sec L i n t n e r .T l i a e r , experimental inquiry its to thequantity of nitrogen which must br:supplied to cultivated plauts fo ensuretheir normal development as fieldcrop, 668.Theodor. See V o i t .T h i i r n e r , TV., and T.Zincke, di--- pinacones and pinacolines,T h o l l o n , L., displaceiuent of the linespheiiylinetliylacet;(: acid, 322.Part IT, 317INDEX OFof the spectrum by the motion due tothe sun’s rotation, 574.Thoinas, J. W., composition of the gaswhich issued from one of the shafts ofAberearn Colliery, 357.Thomsen, A. L., action of potassiumcyanate on cpichlorhydrin, 217.Tliomsen, J., accuracy of tharmo-chemical rcsults, 433. - composition of precipitated coppersulphidc, 206. - heat of formation of metallic sul-phides, 433. - monohydrat ed sodium sulphateand &hydrated sodium carbonate,194. - thernioch~mical researches : heat ofsolution of nitrates, sulphates, dithio-nates, and some other salts, 6.- zinc sulphydrate, 206.T h o in s e 11, T., composition of wood,613.Thomson, J.S., preparation of dis-tilled water free from ammonia, 8’78.Thomson, W., the ferment producedby the morbid growth of the bioplasmof the yolk of egg, 478.Thorn s, G., teak wood, 996.T l i r e s h, J. C., detection and approsi-mate determination of minute quan-tities of alcohol, 279.T i c h b o r n e , C. R. C . , some peculiari-ties of the Vartry waters, and theaction of that water on boiler-plates,85.T i ema n n, P., relation between thexylenols and some other hydroxy-de-rivatives of benzenes, 924.Tiemann, P., and E. H e l k e n b e r g ,aldehydes from orcinol and their deii-vatires, 719.T i e m a n n , F., and L. L a n d s h o f f ,aldehyde-hydroxjbenzoic acid, 927.Tiemann, I?., and C .L. Reimer, um-belliferone derivatives, 720.Tiemann. See also Uaumann.T i l d e n , W. A., an examination of dis-tilled essence of lemon, 386. - compound8 of the terpenes withhydrochloric acid, 943. - determination of specific jpvities,19’7.TO n n i e s, P., action of nitrosyl chloiideon unsatnrated hydrocarbons, 517. - action of nitrous acid 011 unsatu-rated hydrocarbons, 35. - conversion of furfurangelic acidinto azelaic acid, 915. - relation of dibromopyromucic acidto niucobromic acid, 918.T o 11 P ii s, B., oxidation of levulinic acid,523.AUTHORS. 1109T o l l e n s , B., specific rotatory power ofcane-sugar, 136, 557.T o l l e n s . See also Diecli and Rode-wald.T o r n o e, H., results of the Norrrcgianexpedition to the Xorth Sea, 1060.T r i p p k e , P., the enstatite in the olivinenodules of the Groditzberg, 514.- the twin formation of phillipsite,from Sirgwitz, 515.T r o m pe t t er.Troos t,, I,., basic liydrosulphidcs of am-monia, 880. - distillation of a heterogeneousliquid, 875. - employment of diffusion in thostudy of thc phenomena of dissocia-tion, 1006. -- maximum tension and vapour-density of alizarin, 1039. - new compounds of hjdrochloricacid with ammonia, 501. - vaponr-densities of high boilingorganic compounds, 1025.Triimpler, E., action of soda solutionon pierainic acid, 71 7.Tschaplowitz, F., absorptionof waterby leaves, 819.T s c h e r m a k, G., pelagoaite, 604..Tschermak. See also B u c h n e r andG r i m a u x .Twcedie, G.R., newmethod of pro-ducing a coating of magnetic ironoxide on iron surfaces, 840.See B e r n t li sen.U.U l l i k , F., absorptive power of soils,667. - gelatinous silica as an inorganic- agricultural experiments on irri-U r b a i n and R e n o u l , a compoundofU r e c h, F., action of potassium car-membrane, 199.gated land, 825.alumina with carbonic acid, 885.bonate on isobutyl aldehyde, 520.V.V a l e n t e . See Cannizzaro.V a 1 i t sky, action of aniline, toluidine,and naphthylamine on chloreetcrylchloride, 376.V a 1’ e 11 n e, L., compound of chromic acidwith potassium fluoride, 1016. - formation of crystalline metalli1110 INDEX OF AUTHORS.oxides by means of potassium cyanide,1016.V a u c h e r , G., ly-ch6, a ncw thickeningmaterial, 187.Vedova, F.G., improwmcnts in themanufacture of materials containingtannic acid, 496.V i b r a n s , G., choice of beet-root forseed, 822.V i c i l l e . See S a r r a u .V i e l h a b e r , H. C., application of phe-nol phthalcln, 273. - estimation of hgdrocyanie acid inbitter-almond’ water, 280.V i l l i e r s , A., analysis of honey fromEthiopia, 450.V i l l a r i , E., thermic and galvanometriclaws of the electric spark, 576.Virl cen t, C., distillation of beet-rootresidues, 913. - presence of nitrites in the distillateohtninecl by the calcination of re-sidues from beet-root molasses, 612.V i n c e n t , C., and Delac h a n al, densityand coefficient of expansion of liquidnietliyl chloride, 294.V i o 11 e, J., radiation from incandescentplat i iiuni , 573.- specific heat and latent heat offusion of pdladinm, 294.Vogel, H. W., difference in tlie absorp-tion spectra of one and the same sub-stance, 189.- photographed spectra of oxygenand h~clrogeii, 49’7. - testing alizarin colouring-mattersand green aniline colours, 83.Vo glo r, H., compofiition of coinmercialammonium carbonate and of the pro-duct formed on exposhig it to sir,354.Vo h 1, H., mineral spring “ Marien-brunnen,” near Iscrlohn, Westphalia,211.- Ofner Rnddczy-bittern-ater, 221.Voit, C., influcncc of the temperatureof the surrounding air on the pro-cesses of decomposition in the or-ganism of warm-blooded animals, 75.Voit, C., and C.Theodor, influence ofthe surrounding temperatare on thetissue metamorphosis of warm-bloodedanimals, 951.Vo r t m a n n, G., cobalt-ammonium com-pounds, 438.V o r t m a n n See also Lippmann.V u l p i u s , G., formation of mercuricfrom mercurous chloride, 889. - mechanical purification of mer-cury, 125. - salicglates and their application,641.W.W aage, P., the ebullioseope, 1065.Waage. See also G u l d b e r g .W a g n e r , R. v., nume‘ite, a new jewel,184.W a l i t z ky, W., derivatives of brain cho-lesterin, 135.W a l l a c e , R. W., and C. F. Claus, ap-plication of gas-liquor to the produc-tion of potassium carbonate and othersalts, 677.Wallach, O., chloralide and its deri-vatires, 43. - organic thio-compounds, 312.W a l h c h , O., a n d o .Bischof, decom-poeition of dichloracrylic acid byalkaris, 453.WalIach, O., and H. B l e i b t r e u , thio-derivat ires, 786:Wallach, O., and P. P i r a t h , thi-amides of the oxalic acid series, 784.Waltenliofen, A. v., magnetic beha-viour of finely-divided iron, 1000.IV aLt e r.WanklFn, J. A., andW. J. Cooper,the moist-combustion process, 555.W a r d e n , C. J. H., composition ofpoppy-petal ash, 395.W a r t 11 a, V., hectograph and chromo-graph, 836. - preliminary note on the analysis ofthe Zsadjnyer meteorite, 210.W a s o w i c z, M. v., Terryken’s methodof dehectiiig metallic poisons, 973.W a s 8 e r m a n n, M., derivatives of~nethyleugenol, 790.W a t s o n , W.H., detection of milk adul-teration, 1068.Wattenberg, H., estimation of solublephosphoric acid in superphosphates,672.Weber, R, behaviour of tin and lertdalToys M-ith rinegar, 990.~ composition and durability of glass,754.Weber, W., detection of indican inurine, 343.Weidel, H., berberine, 656.Weidel, R., and M. v. Schmidt, for-mation of cinchomeronic acid from qui-nine, and its identity with pyridene-carbonic acid, 947.W e i g e l t , C., Dochnahl’s new method ofpreparing mine, 569. - the time of first racking-off newwines, 569.Sce S c h m i ede b erg.V u l p i u s , G., solubility of sulphur andphosphorus, 104ISDEX OF AUTHORS. 1111W e i g e r t, L., clarifying and presemingwine, 290. - estimation of acetic acid in urine,980.W e i l , F., fuPther note on Weips volu-metric method of estimating copper,276.W e i n , E., rstiqation of soluble phos-phoric acid ia snperphosphates, 745.- feeding calves without the cow’smilk, 1046.W e i n , E., and E.E b e r m a n n , manureexperiments with bone meal, super-phosphste, an& with potash salts,959.W e i n b e r g . See J a c o b s e a .W e i s b a c h , A., cacvclilorfrom Rengers-W e i s i n g er.W e i t h, W., qnthesis of carbotriphenyl-W e i t h . See also Merz.W e i t z, M., crystallisation of sugar andpreparation of srigar-candy, 844.W e r i go and 31 e 1 i k o f f, monodil oro-lactic acid and dichloropmpionic acidfrom glyceric acid, 521.W e s e l s k y , I?., and R. B e r i e d i k t , ftzo-phenols, 718.W e y l , T., creatinine and cmntine, 4.71. - decomposition of tyrosine by putre-W h ew el 1, G., analysis of bleaching- tenaaity of starch, 5’10.Wichmann, A., bhe sericite rocks ofthe Taunus, 23.W i d m s n i i , O., action of chlorine onnaphthalene P-sulphonic chloride : anew trich 1 oronapli thalcne, 7-22. - dicliloronaphtEinlene p-sulplionicacid, 722.W i d n i n a n n , E., isomeric nitro- andamido-benzoic acids, and formation ofchloranil from the latter, 154.W i e b e , 13. F., expansion of solid andfluid bodies, 100’7. - thermo-clieinical relation behweenthe boiling and mcltiiig points of solidelements, 690.\Viedenialin, G., dissocia%ion of dis-solved ferric salts, 348.W i e s i n g c r . See M u l l e r .T;lr i g m an.Wigner, G. W., nitrogen compounds- nitrogenous constituents of cocoa,- on Cleopatra’s needle, 445. - some experiments with silicatedcarbon and spongy iron filters, 493.W i l c k e n s , M., digestion in the differ-dorf, nea~ Gorl5tz. 901.See R i essm u l l e r .triamine, 462.faction, 541.powder, 505.S e s F r a n c h i m o n t.present in cereals, 486.493.ent divisions of the digestive canal ofthe sheep, 391.W i l d t, seeds of Lallemantia iberica,822.W i l k e s , J., andT. J o h n s o n , improve-ments in purifying or refining copper,423.Willgeroclt,C., action of thebasiccom-pounds on solutions of a-clinitroclilo-robenzene in carbon bisulpliitle, 714. - ethers of ti.initropheno1, 923. - preparation of ethers of o-clinitro-phenol from a-dinitrochlorobenzene,716.W i l l i a m s , G., substitute for litmus,553.W i 11 m, E ., mineral waters of Auvergnc,446. - presence of mercury in the mineralwaters of Saint Nectaire, 697.W i l s o n , H. M., remarks on the estima-tion of calcium sulpliate in bcer, 79.W i n li e 1 m a n n, A., deviation of 6ome~ Y E l e r , c., fire damp in collieries,760.TVitt, O., presence of eth2-1 alcohol incoal tar, 136.~ ~ i t t m a k , L . , a c t i o n o f t h e s a p of Cai-icapapaya, 1048. - advantages of only partially re-moving the fat from oil seeds, 99.W i t z , A., thermic effect of the w-alls ofclosed vessels on the contained gases,432.W i t z , G., inactivity of cliromiuin com-pounds in producing nniline black :1scompared with the action of vnna-diuin conipouncls, 421. - value of certain chemical agents indyeing wiLh aniline-black, 684.WolfF. See Doebnc1.r.Tt’olffhugel, G., carbon monoxide inW o 1 f r a in. G., nitro-coinpounds of cel-- nitro-derivatives of cellulose, 371. - qualititatire determination of theo-Groiilinc in cacao and chocolate, 406.’CVolli~y, E., ridge cidtiration, 822.- teniperatuta of soils, 824.r e (1 en, F.. caiuplior, G9.W r o b l e a sky, E., niiiieral watersof theCouban in the Caucasus, 125. - scparation of ortlioxj lcne from itsisomeriiles, a n d a nen XJ l i t h e , 918. - structural forniula of aroiuaticcompounds, 526.W u l l n e r , A., relation betweeu the qw-cific lieat at a constant rolunie, thetenipcrature and the conductivity ofgases, 2.from Boyle’s lam, 316.foundry furnaces, 34i.~UIOW, 2187 112 INDEX OF AUTHORS.W u r s t e r, C., methyl-derivatives of pa-- nitrodiinethylaniline, 626. - quantitative estimation of starch inVVurster. See also P i t t i g .W u r t z , A., bases derived from aldol-- chloral hydrate, 914.W u r t z, A., and E. B o u c h u t , digestiveraphenylenedianiin e, 626.paper, 180.ammonia, 704, '780.ferment of Carka papaya, 1048.Y.Y ouiig, W. C., note on the detect,ion ofalum in flour by tho logwood test,483.Z.Zeidler, 0. and F., action of oxidisingagents on the olefines, 907.Zeisel. See Lieben.Zepharovich, V. F., magnetite fromMonte Mulatto, S. Tyrol, 23. - new mineral occurrences in theiron ore dist>rict of MoraTicza, in theBanat, 363. - mirabilite from Aussee, 23. - yellow dolomite from Bleiberg, 19.Zerener, H., method of preventingZ e t t e r , H. K., R u o f f and MYIiie, re-Zetter. See also Merz.Zimmermann. See G a b r i e l ; alsoZincke. See B r e u e r ; also T h o r n e r .Zorn, W., action of nitrosyl silver, 309.- diazo-compounds of the fatty series,Zublin, H., synthesis of isosuccinic acid,Zulkowsky, C., aurin, 58. - diastase and beet mucilage, 660.house-fungus, 1080.searches on perchlorination, 721.Much 1 e P.221.783

ISSN:0368-1769    

DOI:10.1039/CA8793601081

出版商:RSC    

年代:1879

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

INDEX OF SUBJECTS.ABSTRACTS. 1879.A.Absorption of selenium by plants, 955.Absorption-spectra, differences in, 189. -- of clidymifei.ous minerals,measurement of, 697.Absorption-spectrim of alizarin and ofsome colouring matters derived framit, 807. -- of nitro-alizarin, 807.I_- of psevdo-purpurin, 807. -- of purpurin, 807.Acetal, nionochlor-, action of bleachingAcetamide, monobrom-, 221.Acetic acid, absorption of I~jd~*obromic-- absorption of hgdrochloric-- action of broininc on, '705. -- addition-products of, withbromine and hydrochloric acid, '705. - -- derivatives, heat of forinationof, 872. -- estimation of, in mine, 980. -- formation of, ljy yeast :done,in presence and absence of oxygen,663. -- occwrrence of furfuraldehyde,in glacial, 137.Acetic anhydride, action of aluminiumchloride on, 620, 915.-- action of ammonia on, 621. -- chemical functions of, 621. -- action of reducing agents on,- - avtion of sodium-liydrogenAcetobyomhj drin, action of zinc-caopper- preparation of, 1030.Acetonaphthglthiamicle, 147.Acetone, action of boron fluoride on,- action of methjlaniine on, 1035.- bor-, 915.- fluobor-, a- and p-, 914.- prcparation of hexmethylbenzenepowder on, 9.0.acid by, 705.acid by, 705.621.sulphite on, 621-couple on, 1030.914.from, 940.VOL. XXYVI.Acetophenone, reduction of, 61.- a sulpliuretted derivative of, 6 1.- thio-, 61.Acetopropionic acid and lEvulinic :wid,identity of, 453.Acetoquekites, 240.Acetot hiotolu idide, 147.Bcctotoluirle [l : 41, dimorphism of, 626.Acetoxvlide, 920.Sceturnbelliferone, 721.Acetglbutylchloral cyanide, 41.Scetpldiitietliylpr,rapIienylene - dianiine,dcetglenc, action of sulphuric acid ou,- liquid, physical propertics of,- carbamides, 142.- chlor-, 453.- isopropyl-, 134.Acetylformamide, 45.Acetyl mncobromate, 224.- pgromeconate, 709.ricid, free, cstirnation of, in tan-liquors,- organic, a new, from bromocitm-Acidimetry, a new indicator for use 111,-4cicl~, action of, on salts, 689.- aqueous, with constant boilingpoints, vapour-density of, 579. - aromatic, fusion of, with eod;r,926.- detection and estimation of nitrousacid in, 964. - nitrogen, behaviour of, v ith s d -pliuric acid 770.-- obtained by distilling the crndeacids derived from the saponificationof neutral fatty bodies in a curreut ofsuperheated steam, 1036.627.780.1028.980.conic acid, 1037.396.- of wood-vinegar, 43.- produced by the introch~ction ofchloro- and bromo-benzene into theanimal system, 796.Aconitine, colour reaction with anti-mony triclilode, 832.Acrylic acid, chlorobroni-, 616.4 1114 INDEX OP SUELJECTS.Acrylic acid, dibrom-, 373, 616.-- dibrom-, and its salts, 2244.-- - dichlor-, 616.-- __. dichlor-, decomposition of, by-- - di - substitution derivative of,-- - dimethyl-, an isomeride of-- iodobrom-, 616.Acldition-products of nitro-compounds,Atlipic acid, hydroxy-, preparation of,Atlidar from Verespatak, 359.Agricultural products, estimation of ni-trogen in the analysis of, 962.Air, bye-products obtained in the ozoni-d i o n of, by moist phosphorus, 881.- contained in sea-water, 1060. - estimation of carbonic acid in the,78. - eaplosive mixtures of, with com-bustible powders, 412.- presence of an alcoholic fermentin, 394. - proportion of carbonic anhydridein, 744.Air-baths, gas regulator for, 294.Albumin, action of barjta on, 542.- alkaloids from putrefied, 734.-- aromatic products of the putrefsc-- complete precipitation of, from- compounds, crystdlinc, prepara--- - determination of ammonia in,- fcrnientation of, 664.- of the refracting media of the eye,-_ - oxidation of, by the oxygen of the-- iractions of, 834.- regeneration of, from peptone,-- researches on, 542.- \olatilc oil obtained by the actionof bnryta on, 5-13.,41bumino'ici c011lpOUllt~S of the o r g a i ~ ,, ~ n d of tlic splecn in particular, 17.5.-_ matter, putrcfying, forination ofphenol from, 1037.- substances injected into thc wins,niodification of, by thc animal orga-nism, 334.Albumino'ids, decomposition - productsOf, 389. - from castor-oil seeds, 300.- gns erolvccl by the action of bariumhydrate on, 739.:iikalis, 453.G16.angelic acid, 782.50.706.tion of, 806.animal fluids, 183.tion of, 950.542.834.air, 389.950.AlbuwinoYds of gourd seeds, 272. - products of the fermentation OF,Albumins, nature of, in lipdrocele, 550.Alcoltol, action of, on bacteria, 817.-_ detection and approximate deter-mination of minute quantities of,279.- ethyl, action of, on ethyl chloro-sulphonatc, 776, 777.- formation of, by yeast alone, inpresence and absence of oxygen,663. - in beer, estimation of, by means ofthe ebullioscope, 1065. - limit of scparation of, from water,by distillation, 703. - products from crude, 612. - radicles, ac.tioii of water on the ha-- trilnsf'ormation of sugar into, 778.dlcohol-hydroxpbenzoic acids, xslcnols,homo-oxybenzyl alcohols, hvclroxy-toluic aldehydes and acids, alhhyde-hydrosybenzoic acids, and hydroxr-phthalic acids, relation between, 924.Alcoliolic~ fwniciit., soluble, non-esist-ence of, 1046. - fernientnt ion, 550.Alcohols, fntts, diagnosis of, 673. - in potato fusol-oil, 36. - poljliydric, cthcrcal sulphates of,- primary, cthei*ification of, 36:- secondary, etherificntion of, 214.- teytiaiy, etherihation of, 215.Sldehydc, conrersion of, into mcrcnp-- formation of, in alcoholic fcrrnen-dldehj dc-green, 84.Aldehjdc-hydroxybenzoic acids fromrnet:~Ii~d~o~ybe~izoic acid, 927.-- , sjlenols, homo-oxybenzylf~lcoIio1s. hydroxytoluic aldcliydes andacids, :1lcoliol-11~clrox;benz3ic acids,and Ii~droxyphtlmlic acids, relationbetween, 924.-iltlchjtlee from orcinol, and thcir deri-rativcs, 719.,lltlch~-dincs, bimple mode of prt.p:zi*itig,233.Aldol, :Letion of nmmonitl. on, '780.Aldol-ammonia, bascs dcrivcd frvui, 7044,A h , Burton, : i d Dublin porter, analJ -Alizai-in, absorption-Hpectl.um of, 807.- colcuring iiiatters, 83.- tlinniitle 01' clinmiclantlirayuinone,659.loyd compounds of, '700.1033.tan, 451.tation, 551.780.Si> of, 31.14.- p-:ll~lldo-, Gl-.25.1.INDEX OF SUBJECTS.1115Alizarin, from a-diamidanthmquinone,- maximum tension of, 1039. - nitro-, 725. - nitro-, absorption-spectrum of,- a- and ,%nitro-, and its derivatives,- nitroso-compounds of, 383.- vapour-density of, 1039.P-Alizarinamide, or amiderythro-oxyan-thraquinone, 253, 254.Alizarin-blue, 83, 259, 419. -- base from, 259. -- synthesis of, 259.Alianrin - orange (nitro-alizarin) , 84.A41iz:trin-purpuro-sulphonic acid, 256.Alizarin-suiphonic acid, 655.Alizarin-sulphonic acids, 236.Alkali, improrements in the manufac-turc of, 422.Alkali-albominate, 489.Alkali-blue, 418.Alkali-metals, amalgams of, 864.-- - amalgams of, heat of forma--- amalgams of, heat of oxida-__- chemical constitution of aim!-dlkalimetry, 8 new indicator for use in,-4lkdine aluminatcs, preparation of ,- earths, separation of, from the- resinates and soaps, abnormal solu-- sulphides, dissolved, heat of forma-.- - sulphidcs, therino-chemical studiesdlliitlis, scparaiion of magnesium from,-- scparation of the alkaline earths-ilkdoid, new, 658.- of Mio-Mio (Baccharir cord?yolia),10 tc.-- poisonous and crjstallisable, from: t i ~ eihurncd corpse containing ar-wnic, 734..Z llinlo’ids, characteristic colour reactionsnith antimony trichloride, 831.- estimation of, in the Bolivian cin-c.l.ona barks exhibited at the Horti-cwltural Exhibition in Amsterdnm,“82.724.807.654.tion of, 884.lion of, 884.g a i n ~ of, 883.39G.4.9 1.alkalis, 341.bility of certain bodies in, 99.t ion of, 866.of, S65.969.from, 341.-- - from putrefied albumin, 7 S l .__ from putrrfierl egg$, 734.- - of ergot, contribution to a know-ledge of, 387, 269.Allralo‘ids, poisonous, formation of, in the- quinine, iodosulphatcs of, 982.Alkyloxy-acids, boiling points of etherealAllantoic acid, 228, 461.Allantdin, convtitutional formula of, 227.-- derivatives of, 228.Allantoxaidin , 2 27.Allantosanic acid, 226.Allantoxo’idin, 46 1 .Allanturic acid, 228, 461.Alloxan, synthesis of, 375.Alloxantin, synthesis of, 375.Alloy of iridio-platinum, 774.Alloys, analysis of, containing copper,- of lead and antimony, 889.- used as stopping for tceth, analysisAlly1 borate, action of zinc cthide on,- iodide, action of rrater on, 700.Allyltliethylcarbinol, 214, 448.A11~ldimetE~lcarbiiiol, action of dilutesulphuric acid on, 214, 447.Allyldiprop~lcsrbinol, action of dilutesulphiiric acid on, 214, 447.Alpine dairy process, 857.Alstonnniine, 71.Alstonia bark, 33%.Alstonia colzatricta, further remarks on,Alum, detection and estimation of, in- detection of, in flour by thc log-- effect of, on brcad, 1077.__ in flour and bread, 556. -- logwood test for, 483.dluniinn, action of sulphurctted hydro-- compound of, with carbonic acid,- preparation of, 490.- :md ferric oxide, separation of,froin mangancw, zinc, cobalt, andnickel, 970.human corpse, 734.salts of, 522.zinc, and nickel, 485.of, 1076.621.269.wl1ea.t f l O ~ I l ~ , 483.wood test, 483.gcn on alkaline solutions of, (1.37.885.- and iron, sesquisulphates of, 593,.Aluniininm, new (1etermin:ition of the- bromid~, compouncls of cyniciie- chloride, action 01‘ acetic and sul-- chloride, compounds of cynicne-- - compounds of, with bcnzenc-- intcrprctnt’ons of reactionsequiv,ilcnt of, (302.with, 785.phurous an113 drides on, 915.~ i t h , 785.a i d tolucnr, 461.occurring in prcwicc of, 7%.- pllosphateJ of, 203.411111 6 Ih’nEX OFAluminium sulphate, improvements inthe manufacture of, 423.- and chromium, sesqnisulphates of,595.I- and ferric oxides, new method forseparating, from manganese, 1055.- and manganese, sesquisulphate of,595.Alums, etch-figures produced on, 439.Amalgam of chromium, 693. - of cobalt, 693.- of iron, 693. - of nianganese, 693.- of nickel, 693.- surfaces, motioiis produced byAmalgams of the alkali-metals, 864,-- chemical constitution of,-- hcat of formation of, 884. -- heat of oxidation of, 884.dinaranthiis salicifolius (caudatus),Amazonstone (microline), from Pike’sAmber, amount of sulphur in, 300. - microscopical properties of, 300.Amides of tcrtiary hydrocarbon radicles,Amidines of monobnsic orgnnic acids,Aniidobenzoic acid, carbimid-, formula-- cyanocarbimicl-, formula of,-- osethylcarbimid-, formula of,- percyanides, 466.Amido-benzoyl, dicyan-, formula of,- oxethylcyan-, formula of, 466.Amido-deoxybenzo‘in, 150.Amido-isobutylformic acid (isopropyl-Bruido - axinnthy lic acid, 1037.Amines, action of sulplioclilo~itles on,Amnii z’ismiga, active principle of,Ammonia, ma,nufnctiire of, 396.-- new compounds of hydrocliloric- purification of gas by, 986.- soda proress in conjunction withAmmoniacal copper test and its appli-- mercury compounds, 438.Ammonium amidoplyoxglate, 619.- carbonate, composition of coin-mercial, aid of the product formed onexposing it to tlie air, 364.dilute acids on some, 431.883.colouring-matter of, 730.Peak, Colorado, 515.713.922.of, 466.466.4.6 6.466.glygocine) , 140.920.1040.acid with, 501.the manufacture of gas, 837.cation, 1066.jt? JECTS.Ammonium chloride, behaviour of, inthe organism, 830.- chloride, dissociation of, a lectureexperiment, 196.- chloride solution, standard, altera-tion of, when kept in the dark, MO.- dihydrosulphide, 880.- dimethylamido - azobenzencsulpho-nate, substitution of, for litmus, 553.- formate, decomposition of, by hcat,705.- hydrosulphide, dissociation of, 8’79,880. - hydrosulphides, basic, 880. - nitrate, 200.- nitrate, production of n high tein-perature by means of, 102.-- nitrite, 881. - nitrite, formation of, 298.- sulphate, fertilising action of, 739.- sulphide, dissociation of, 879.- thiocyanate, action of cliloral hy-- lead ferricyanide, 703,Amydevylcnic acid, 521.Amy1 alcohol, dextrogyrate, 369. - benzoate, vapour-density of, 102.5.- iodide, 37.- nitrite, action of, on blood, 816.- pprrol, 525.- thiocarbiniide, tertiary, 713.A4mylamine, 517.Amylene, 37.- action of nitrosyl chloride on, 517.__ action of oxidising agents on,- heat of raporisation of, 874.- bromide, action of water on, 700.Amylidene-aniline, 462, 714.Amylo’id substance peculiar to theAmylo’ids of the egg, 662.Amjlomycin, 613.Amyrin, 73.Anaerobic organisms, conditions of lifeof, 954.Analysis, quantitative, use of blon-l)ipe~ use of sulphuretted hydrogen i nAnethoil, action of nitros) 1 chloride on,Anethol, oxidation of, 320.Angelactic acid, monochlor-, 42.Angelactamide monochlor-, 42.Angelic acid, 617.-- action of hydrobromic acid,-- constitution of, 456.-- vonrersion of, into tiglic acid,drate on, 306.cyanate, 913. -908.‘’ Asques of Pyrenoniycctes,” 613.to, 740.the dry way in, 963.517.011) 455.454INDEX O F SUBJECTS. 1117Angelic acid, dimethylacrylic acid, an-. - from Roman chamomile oil,-- hydriodo-, 618.~- isoineride of; 706.-- __. mono- and dichlor-, 43.Angelic acids of different origin, 45.Angelicand tiglic acids, separation of, 455.Angelylamine, 712.AngelylthiocnrbamicIt., i13.Angel~ltliiocarbiiilic Ie, 712.L4nhydrides, action of deligdrating sub-dnliyilrortl~usul~tlia~~~i~i~~-bc~~zoic acid,Anilincx, action of cthylisothiacetanilide-__ action of, oil glyosglic acid, 51.- amylidenc-, 466, 71 4.-. - benzoyl-, 716.- benzTl-, 147.-- clichloracetate, 786.- - chlorate, 785.- - chloronitr-, 309.__ dibenzoyl-, 716.- dichlor-, symnietrical, 231.__ dimethgl-, action of chloroformand I~erchloromethane on, 714.-- action of mercuric chloride on,231. -- action of triclilormethylsul-phocliloride on, 920.- dinitrodichlor-, 310.- dioxyclidinietllyl-, 714. - diothiodidimethyl-, desulphurisa-tioii of, 714. - hydrochloride, heat of formationof, 767, 871.- hyclrofluoride, 786.~ iodate, 786.__. metadichlor-, 143. - methyl-, 491. - methyl-, manufacture of, 995.- methylated derivatives of, and thecolours obtained therefrom, 310. - monochloracetiite, 586. - nitrate, heat of formation of, 871.__ nitrodichlor-, 309. - nitrodiinethpl-, 626. -- iiitrotrichlor-, 310.- orthoiiitro-, derivatives of, 921.- oxalate, heat of formation of,- paradiclilor-, 143.- paramet hplenediclimethyl- , 7 14.- paixnitro-, heat evolved by tho ac-t,ion of hydrochloric acid on, 872.- paranitr-, hydrochloride, heat for-mation of, i68.- pcrchlorate, 786.-- plithalate, 786.isomeride of, 782.454.stanc~s on, 2 15.668.on, 786.871.Aniline residues, 715.- tribrom-, 55, 464.- trichloracetatc, 786.Aniline-black, dyeing with, 684.-- forination of, by chromate inpresence of clilorates, 495.___- improveiuents in dyeing andprintitig, 422.-- inactii ity of chromiuni-com-pounds in producing, as compared~1 ith the action of vaiizrdiurn coiii-pounds, 421.Aniline-blue, 415.Aniline-red, utilisation of the residuesobtained in thc manufacture of, 995.h i l i n e s , chlor-, 143.-- chlor-, heat evolved by the actionof hydrochloric acid on, 8i2. - compounds ot cobalt and nickelchlorides nith, 461. - inonoclilor-, three isomeric, heatevolved by tlic action of sodic oxideon, 768.- salts, 785.-- orthodichlor-, 143. - tetrachlor-, 143.- trichlor-, 143.Animal body, synthetic processes in, 176. - charcoal filters, experiments with,-- and spongy iron as materials- fluids, complrte precipitation of- organisin, action of cucodylic acid-- actioii of carbonic anhydride-- beliaviom. of phenol in, 816.-~ forntritioii of urea from, 952.-- modificalion efiectcd by, 011various albumino'icl substances wheninjected into the reins, 334.986.for purifging u uter, 343.albumin from, 183.on, 476.on, 174.oxidations in, 814.- -- syiitlieses in, 814.- system, acids produced by the in-troductioii of chloro- and bromo-beii-zene into, 796.-- action of bromobenzene on,803. - textile fibres, bleaching process for,99.Animals, action of m011o- and di-phenql-arsenic acids on, 476. - existence of bacteria or tlieir germsin the healthy organs of, 1015.- herbirorous, source of hippuricacid in the urine of, 958. - influence of the temperature of thesurrounding air on the procesoes ofdecomposition in the organism ofw-arm-blooded, 76.-1118 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.Animals, warm-blooded, iniluence of thesurrounding tenipcratnre on the tissuechange of, ~ 5 1 .Anisidhe, broniorth-, and its salts, 239.Anisidine, dihromorth-, and its salts,239.Anisol, brornamiclo-, 239.- bronionitr-, “9.- - a-dinitr-, 717. - nietanitr-, 238. - rnoiiobromortho-nitr-, 230.Anisols, dinitr-, 238. -- decomltosition of, b? dcoliolicammonia, 238.Ankerite froiii Phanisrillc, 60 1.Anortliite, pseudoiiiorph after, 10%.Anthemol, 455.Anthracene, colour reaction M itli anti-p colour rcaction with bisniutli tri-- derivatives of tlic clirj hazin series,Ant81irsccn e, perbrom-, 635.Anthracencdisulphonic acid, 537. -- and its conversion into anthra-Anthracenehj dridc-u7onosull~lionic acid,soda salt of, 537.Anthracite dust, use of, in IIa Puy’sAnthraflsvone, 383.Anthranilic acid, action of cayanogen on,Anthrspui-purin, isopurpui,in, and flavo-Anthraquinone ~-acct:Inlidcl’ythrGsy-,- a-acctamidosy-, 251.- amidervthro-oxg-, or @-alizarin-- derivatives of, 233.- diarnid-, or alizarin-iliamicle, 254,- mctabcnzdiosy-, 68. - moiihyd~os~-, 724. - trioxy-, 2.15.Anthraquinone-nionosulphonic acid, ac-Antliraquinoriesulphonic acid, fusion of,Anthraquinone-sulphonic acids, amid--- reduction of, 537. -- sodium salts of, 942.Anthrarnfin, 359,537. - constitution of, 942. - conversion of authracene- disulpho-- from snthracene, syritliesis of, 260. - tctranitro-, 538.- dibrornparanitr-, 230.mony trichloridc, 831.chloride, 831.537.rufin, 25’7.prowas, 564.321.purpurin, actual relations of, 943.2.54.nmidc, 253, 254.72 I..tion of potash on, 724.wiit!i potash, 913.oxy-, 355.nit acid into, 257.dnthraxanthic acid, 383.Antlirol, 653, 654,.Antichlor, 676.Antimony, atomic w i g h t of, 354, i 7 2 .- recovery of, 491..__ criticism on Bunsen’s older methodfor separating arsenic from, 10% - cliloride, action of sulphuric niono-chloride on, 201. - tsnnate, 933. - trioridc, rapour-dcnsity of, 875. - and lead, alloys of, 889.Apatites, aiislyses of, 695.dpornorpliine, reaction 11 it11 antimoi 1)tricliloricle, 83 1.Apparatus for rcgulat ing the atnios1)Iic-ric pressure in boiling point (let CT-minations, 346.Apple wine, 1078.Aqua phayedetiica, solubility of linic iiiwater in reference to the prcscriptiuiifor, 491.dracliidic acid, some dcrivatil e:: of,307.h i c i n e , 1013.Aromatic compounds, liydrogcnation of,-- structurd formu12 of, 5 5 .-- with long side-chains, action05 iodine on, 623.- hydrocarbons, bromination of.inpresence of aluminium broniidc, 1 I.’.Arsenic from antimony, criticism onBunsen’s older niethod for scpac;i-ting, 1058.376.- in grape-sugar, 1077’. - test for, 277. - acid, separation of, from its d t s ,072.zirscnical prrites (mispickel) , cheniicaland c r j stallographical examination of,900.Arsenious acid, magnesia its an antitlutefor, 77. - anhydride, vapour-density of, i 6 7 .Artichoke, Jerusalem, carbohydrates of,778.Artocarpus speciosus, examination of,860.Ashes of wheat-bran, composition of,961.dsphalte, Syrian and Amcr;cnn, 896. - and other retinalites, 301.Aspidosperniine, 470.Atacamite, 17.Atomic theory, application of Gaudin’s,-- - of heat, 687.I_ weights, determination of, 769.-- use of isoinorphism for theAtopite, 81.t o certain minerals, 602.detcrniiiintion of, 769INDEX OF SUBJECTS.1119Atrolactic mid, 379.Atropic acid, 379.I_- bromhydr-, 3’70. -- hydrotribrom-, 380. -- nionobroni-, 380.Atropine, artificial, 733. - reaction with antiinony tricldoride,Augite (pyroxene), vaiieties of, 364.Aui9iferous pyrites, cxan:ination of,Aurin, 58, 386, 789, 925. - action of ammonia on, 925. - action of methglaniine on, 986. - formation of, from phenol, ’789. - from dioxy benzophenone, sgntlicsisAustralene, formula of, 168.helaic acid, conversion of furfursngelicAzobenzene, aniido-, 383. - aniido-, hydrocliloricie of, 383. - preparation of, 630. - preparation of, from aniline,Azobenzeneii~hthylamiiie, 629.Azo-compounds, remarks on Weselky’sand Beneclikt’s investigation on sonie,629.Azonaphthylcne, anlido-, 383.Azophenetols, 317.Azophenol, dichlor-, constitution of,Azophenols, 718.- tetrabrom-, ’718.Azotoluene, amido-ortho-, 383. - preparation of, from toluidine,313.Azosybenzene, action of stannous chlo-ride on, 630.Azosy-phenetols, 31’7.Azulmin, 1028.832.509.of, 60.acid into, 915.313.924.so-called, 315. --B.Baccarine, 1045.Baccharis cordvyoolia (Mio-Mio), ;ilks-lond of, 1045.Bacillus in urine, 817.Bacteria, action of alcohol on, 817. - method of photographing, 1046. - occurrence of, in milk, 817. - occurrence of, in a potable water,- vitality of, 817. - or their germs, existence of, in theBaking powders, American, 1077.817.healthy organs of animals, 1045.Bnlsamzcw antart6i.iticum in~dictc~n, in-vestigation of, 262.Banana, 4‘79.- utilisation of, 568.Barbituric acid, (inalonyl urea), 460.Barcenite, a new antimonste, from Huit-Barium, csistence of, in all rocks of’ the- preparation of, from barium am;tl-- bromide, action of chlorine on,c_- action of oxygen on, 770.- chloride, action of oxygen on,- chromate, crystalline, 437. -- green pigment from, 98i. - ethionate, 777. - ethylsulpliate, action of ammoilium- ferricyanide, 702. - glycyrrhizate, 727. - liydrate, action of chlorine on,505. - sulphate, estimation of, witliuutfiltering, washing, and drying, 480.Barley, artificially manured, effect of, onthe composition of the wort, 959.- Chili saltpetre as ti manure for,1051. - damage caused by sprouting in thefield, 498. - effect of artificial manures on thegrowth of, 825. - seeds, influence of temperature onthe evolution of carbonic anhydrideby, 1048.zuco, Mexico, 1022.primary formation, 444.gani, 691.770.770.sulphate on, 137.Basalts of the Aucklaiid Islands, 003.Base, C19HL3N2, new, 716.Bases derived from aldol-ammonia, i04,Battery, Plant6’s) secondary, 101.Bean insect, observations on the damagecaused t o Italian beans by, 552.Beer anal,yses, 842. - Berlin, analysis of, 842. - detection of salicylic acid in,- estimation of alcohol in, by means- fermentation, 1079. - Hanoverim, analysis of, 843.- Munich, amount of pzlosplioric- Nassau, analysis of, 843. - remarks on the estimation of cal-cium sulphate in, 79. - reseai*clies on, 1079. - standards of value for, 290. - xvorts, rotatory power of, 993. - yeast, composition of, 477.780.343.of the ebullioscope, 1065.acid in, 8431120 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.Becr yeast, lecithin aid nuclcin in,-- pure, cultivation of, 1046. -- - researches on, 476.Bw$wax, adulteration of, 675. - crystalline, structure in, 171. - electrical properties of, 427. - testing of, for rosin, 283.Bei.t cultivation, influence of time ofinanuring in, 825. - mucilage, 660. - ratio of sugar i n , t o the phospho~ieacid in the root and leaves, 818. - leaves as fodder for cows, 813. - -- preservation of, 960.Beetroot, choice of, for seed, 822.- cultivation, exhaustion of the soil- gum, compositiozi of, 912.- nutritive value of seed-bearing, 822.-- residues, distillation of, 913. - syrup, .purification of, 844.Beetroots, nitrates in, 337, 826.Beet-sugar, influence of light on theBeets, sugar, nitrates in, 826.Benzal sulphide, 791.-- - action of potash on, 791.Benza1:lehyde nitro-, 152.Benzaldehyde-green, 787.-- metanitro-, 788. -- metanitro-, reduction of, 788.-- paranitro-, 788. -- paranitro-, reduction of, 788.-- reduction-products of, 787.Benzaldiacetonainine and its salts, 54.Benzamidotolylthiamide, 147.Benzene, 571.-_ action of ethylene on, in presenceof Al,CI,, 785, - bronio-, acids produced by the in-troduction of, into the animal system,296.- broino-, action of, on the animalsystem, 803. - chloro-, acids produced by the in-troduction of, into the animal system,'796. - chlorodinitro-, action of hydrogensulphjde on, 230. - chlororthodinitro-, action of hy-drogen sulphide on, 231.__ compounds of aluminium chloridewith, 308, 461. -- diamylanh ydro benzjldi-amido-, 923.~- diethylanhydrobenzyl-diamido-, 923. - derivatives, isomerism of, 380.-- dinitrobromo-, 796. - a-dinitrochloro-, action of basiccompounds on, 714.811.by, 1050.yield of, 1047.Benzciw, dinitrochloro-, reduction of,- diiiitroparadipropyl-, 142.- disulphoxide, 243. - exsiccator for, 875.- hexmethyl-, 527.- liydrocarbons produced by the nc-tion of methyl cliloride on, in presonaeof aluminiurii chloride, 527.376.__ hydrogenation of.376.- monobromo-, action of sulpliuricmonochloride on, 229.- monochloro-, action of sulphiiricmonochloride on, 229.nitrobromo-, 796.drogcn sulphide on, 231.drogen sulphide 011, 231..-- nitro-metadichloro-, action of hy-___ nitro-paradichloro-, action of liy-- nitrotribronio -, 8 ~ 0 .- paradibrorno-, 920.- paradiproppl-, and its derivatives,- pentamethyl-, 52T. - structural formulae of di-, tri-, andtetra-chloro-, 526.test for, 937.142.-- tetrachloro-, 143, 144, 526. - trichloro-, action of copper on, 71 4. - trinitro-, addition coinpounds of, 50.__ trinitroparadiphenjl-, 163. - and methyl cliloride, hydrocarbonsobtained by the action of aluminiumchloride on, 288. - and petroleum spirit, characteristicdifferences between, 1063.Benzenesulphamide, clibromo-, 797.Benzenesulphanilide, nitration of, 922.- trinitro-, 922.Benzcnesulphinic acid, 915. -- action of fuming nitric acidBenzenesulphone dcrivatives, meltingBenzenesulphonic acid, aniido-, '196.-- and its siilts, a-dihydroxy-,-- cliazotctrabromo-, 802. -- diazotribromo-, 801.-~ parudiproyyl-, 142.c_- pentabromo-, and its salts, 802.Benzenesulphonic acids, amidobromo-,and of nitrous acid on, 314.points of substituted, 650.933.and their salts, 796, 797. -- bl.omo-, 796. -- - nitrobromo-, 796, 800.Benzenesulphonic chloride, dibromo-,-- nitrotetrabromo-, 802.-- nitrotribromo-, 800. -- tetrabromo-, 801.Benzenes, dinitroparadibromo-, and their797.derivatives, 50INDEX OF SUBJECTS.11 21Beiizenciiaplitli~la~icliiic, 147.Berizenyltolylamidotolyl~i~iicliiie, 147.Beiizengltolj leneaniidiiie, 147.Benzhydrol, action of phosphorus pen-tasulphide on, 61.- nitration of, 319.Belizhydrylpropioncarbosylic anliy dricle,Benzidine, 252. - diethoxy- (orthodiamidodiplienc-c- - action of alkalis on the halts- preparation of, 630.Benzimido-thiamyl ether, 147.Bciiziniidotliiobcnz 1 ether, 923.Benzimiclot hioetliyl ether, 922.Benzoic acid, derivatives of, 246.-- - derivatires, heat of formation-- arnido-, 151.-- amido-, action of cyanogeiion, 321.-- amido-, heat evolved on coin-bination of, with hydrochloric acid,768.216.thole), 939.of, 939.of, 873.-- cjanocarbimidamido-, 321.-__ anh~drortliosulphalne-, 628.-- c-diainido, 247.-- - dioxy-, 721.-- h j droxy-, ether-sulphuric-- E-hydroxynitro-, 2 16.-- ruetaiodamido-, and its salts,-- metaiodonitro-, and its salts,-- mctamido-, 381.-- inetanitro-, and barium salt-- a - nietanitro-ortliamido-, 381. ~- @-nitrainido-, and its salt*,-- E-nitro-amido-, 246. -- ortliosulpho-, 629. -- paranitro-, 631. -- sulphoparachloro-, 156.Benzoic acids, azo-, 162.-- benzonitro-, 153. -- a- and y-hydroxynitr0,- 247.-- isoiiieric amido-, 154.-- - isomeric nitro-, 154.-- mononitro-, 151.-- nitro-, 150.-- nitro-, lemon-yeIlow, 152.Benzoic cyanide, 647. -- action of phosphorus penta-chloride on, 647.Benzo’in, Siam, vanillin in, 245.Benzonaplithylthisiiiine, 147.Benzonitril, bromination of, 722.- chlorination of, 721.:icids of, 150.377.377.of, 381.382.Bcnzophenone, 318.- diacetoxy-, 326. - diacctyldiamido-, 319.- diamido-, 842.- P-diamido-, 319.clibcnzoxy-, 325. - diethoxy-, 335, 326.- clinitro-, 242.- dioxy-, 242, 326. - monethSldioxj -, 326.- nionoxy-, formation of colouring-a-, /3-, and y-dinitro-, 319. ~-matter froin, 60.nitration of, 319. --~ sulphuretted derivatives of, 61.- tetrarnethgldiamido-, 921.- thio-, 61.Benzoplienoiicdisulplioiiic acid, 318.-I __ isomeric, 310.Bcrizyl ortliotliioformate, 318.Benzylsniinc and its salts, 921.Benzylatccl cresol. 314.Benzylic chluride, action of watcr on,Bensylcresotic acid, 315.Benzyldiphcnjlarnine, 147.Bcnzjlidenechloral ammonia, 452.Benzylicleiiephthal? 1, derivatives of,Buiizylmalonic acid, 707.Beii zy lnie thy lgly collic acid, 795.-- action of sulphurie acid on,Bcnzy lnaphthyl ketone, preparation of,Benzyl-phenglamine, 147.Benzyl-phosphorus chloride, 721.Berbcrine, 656.Berberonic acid, and salts of, 656.Uernadinite, a resinous mineral fromBesscrncr process, 566.-- ph) sical and chemical changeswhich specular iron undergoes whensmelted in the cupola for, 840.Beta vuZga,-is ( m b m ) , colouring matterof, 730.Betulin, 469.Bidara laut, 1045.Bile, chemistry of, 949.- influencc of, in digestion, 519.- ox-, preparation of glycocholic acidBilic acid, iiew oxidation-products ofoxidation of, 811.Birds, secretion from the sebaceoueBismuth residues, 355.- subnitratc, 1wsen:e of lead in,70U.24ti.795.807.California, 603.lij drocarbon from, 469.-_from, 949.cholic acid, 810. --glands of, 176.801122 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.Bismutliinc, 364.Bitter almonds, essence of, chemical na-ture of, 719.Black lac for metal and mood, 684. - pigment from iron scrap, 07.Blast furnacc, combustion in, 841. - furnaces, liquid cyanides and chlo-Bleaching powder, analysis of 505. - process for animal textilc fibres,- vegetable fabrics, 761.Bletia Tankervilla?, indigo-blnc from,Blood, action of arnyl nitrite on, 816.- action of nitric oxide on, 817. - action of fiodium nitrite 011, 817. - arterial, tension of oxjgen in,- bchaviour of potassium salts in,- Bernard’s method for the estimn-- distribution of pliosphatcs ill, 662.- estimation of glucose in, 557. - cst,imation of hemoglobin in, 835. - estimation of oxygen in, 835. - estimation of sugar in, 674.Blowpipe, use of, in quantitative mialj -Body colours, valuation of, 179.Bohr’s colorinietrjc process for the c b s -Boiler feed-waters, analysis of, 273.- iucruetation, coniposition of a,Boilers, heating steam, 1070.Boiling aiid melting points of yolidelements, thurmo-chemical relationbetween, 690.Boiling point determinations, appamt usfor regulal ing the atmosplieric prcs-sure in, 346.Bones, decomposition of, by dciiiii,987.Boracctoiie, 915.Borneo camphor, 1039.Borncol, 1039. - bromide, 1040. - chloride, 1039. - isomerides of, 944.Boron fluoride, action of, 011 acctonc,-- gljeidc, 622.- mineral from Chili, 19.Bottle glam, Macagno’s investigationsBoyle’s law, deviation of some g a e sBran, composition of the ashes of,Bravaisite, a new mineral, 442.rides in, 989.99.5344.811.816.tion of glucose in, 674.sis, 740.amination of water, 553.839.914.on, 562.from, 346.961.Bread, alum in, 556. - cffect of alum on, 1077.B reislakite, 206,Brewing, analyses of water for, 1078.Brouianilic acid, nionochloro.nono-, 462.Bromates, action of oxa!ic acid on,Bromides, anhydrous, metallic, action ofBromine, elimination of, froni bronioci -- estimation of, by animoniiiin thio-- chlorine, and iodine, separationBromisobutglformic acid, 141).a-B roniisobutyric bromide, action of-- normal, action of zinc-mcthylBromo-citraconic acid, elimination ofBromoform, action of alcoholic potashBronionaphthalene, nitrstion of, 721.Bromopropiolic acid, 225, 616.a-Brornopropionic bromide, action ofBromol.,uri)urco-cobalt salts, 598.Bromoterephthalic chloride, 639.Brown hay, preparation of, from miizil,Brown pigment from iron B C Y ~ , 97.Brucine, absorption-spectro of, in *oh-- colour reaction with antimonj tri-- in Bidara laut, 1045.Buchu, amount of ash and soluble mat-Bunsen’a cells, treatment of, 576.Butane, normal, action of brominc on,Butter nnalysis, 81.- Ghea- or Shea-, 568.- Hehner’s method of testing, 181.-- Marchand’s method of detcrmin-- new method for detecting foreign- new method of testing, for forcign- simplification of Hehner’s methodof testing, 4.06.- testing of, 407.-- fat, analysis of, 1070.Butyl alcohol, normal, action of zincchloride on, 1029.Butrlamine, di-, 141.- mono-, 141.Butylcliloral-ammonia, action of benz-593.clilorine on, 770.traconic acid, 1037.cyanate, 973.and estimation of, 670.zinc-methyl on, 46.on, 46.bromine from, 1037.on, 126.zinc-metligl on, 46.960.tion, 269.chloride, 832.ter in three kinds of, 391.302.ing, in milk, 675.fats in, 10G9.fats, 953.aldehyde on, 453INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 1123Butylchloral hydrocyanide, 4.1.Butylene, nitro-, 700. - nitro-, action of bromine on, 701. - nitro-, formation of, from butglcnc- nitro-, coiistitution of, 201.- pseudo-, 4G6.Butyl-glgceric acid, 1032.Butyl tliiacetate, iso-, boiling point of,Butylthiocarbamide, tertiary, 713.- tertiary, 713.But,yric acid, m-chloriso-, arid soiue of-- clilorosy-, nitrile of, 44'3.-- hydroxyiso-, 139.Butgric leucine, 5.45.Butyrofiironic acid, 916.and nitric acid, '101.786.its derivatives, 615.C.Cabbage disease, 820.Cacao, quantitative determination ofCacochlor, froiii Rengcrsdorf, 901.Cacodylic acid, action of, on thc uiiindCadmium, cstiniation of, 746. - elcctrolytic estiination of, 276, 74G.- arsenates, 8S4.- broiiiide, vapour-density of, 875,- pliosphide, 5 ~ 8 .Calcium bromitle, action of osggen on,- chloride, 562.- chloride, act ion of oxggcn ou, 770. - glycerate, ferinciit ation of, 664.-- glycollate, crjst allised, amount of- gljcjrrliizatc, 727.- lwtate, fcrniciitation of, 661.- malatc., fermtwtat ion of, 664. - pIiospIiat~, deposits of, in the- snccharates, wcoverg of siigrtr from,~ sulpliate, tloublc salts of. 203.-- - in bcer, rcniwks on tlic esti-- sulpliicle, actioii of inag~ic~siium- tartrate, fermentation of, 664.Caliatour wood, colouring mattcr of,Calico, printing of, with cerium nniline-Californine, Winckler's, 73.Calorinietric metliotl, 586.Calves, feeding, without the cows' milk,tlicobromine in, 406.orgallism, 176.770.water contnined in, 522.Vosges, 19.492.mation of, 79.chloride on, 1012.470.black, 683.1U3.6.Cnitdin jnpouica, iiiveatigatioll of theseeds o f , 330.Camellin, 330.Camplienc, 944.- a solid, 1039. - formula of, 167. - froin camphor, 168.- isobutyl-, 168.Csmphic acid, transformation of, intocaiiiphor, 726.Cainpliolciie, 540.Camplior, 69. - Borneo, 1039. - cgano-dcrirativeu of, 329. - dichloricle, 168.- formula of, 167.- iodo-, 329.- transformat ion of caniphic acidinto, 726.Campliommic acid, action of dchydrat-iiig agents on, 539.Camplioric acid, action of dehydratingagents on, 539.Camphoterpcne, 54).Cancriiiitc., chcinical composition of,Candle-nuts, coiiipsition of, 957.Cane-siig;tr, 6pwifk rotatory power of,- :11d liiiic, action of, on incrcuromCaiic-sugi~rs, crude, glucose in, 97.C;antJharenc, 271, 6%.Ctlntharic wid tilid a Iiydrocarbon,C(~TI12,C'antliaridin, dei*iratioes of, and theirCaout clieiic, di-isopreiic, and terlwnc,Caoutclioiic, analysis of, 559.- vulcanised, behariour of, with illu-Capric wid, dibromo-, 521.Caprylic acid and its salts, 103'7.Carbamide, diincthyl-, chloride of, 0:I-C. - dinaplitliyl-, '723. - di ph c n y I - dime t ii v 1- , 93 5. - iiiet~i.~lji~icn! 1-, diloride of, 9:35,. - inoiioc.lIloroc.rotoiiyl-, 41. - mouonaplitli~l-, 2 3 .- ll:q~litlly~-, $23.- ortlio-ditolgl-, 935. - ortlioplicnylene-, 922. - phenj lclimetliyl-, 934. - tetraiuotliyl-, 935. - tet ranitrod iplicnj 1 -, tl ction of- tetr~nitrodiplienyl-potassiu~ii, 67. - tetrapht*iiyl-, 935.Carbaniides, ~)olysub~tituted, 931, 935.- cthJl-, 168.606.136, 557.chloride, S89.from, 370.rclation to the ortho-series, 655.identity of the liydratcs of', 1039.minnting gas, 188.potash on, 67.- Ulnj-l-, 9131134 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.Carbinarnine, trimethyl-, and its salts,Carbohydrate, new, 779.Carbohydrates, behariour of, toward3chromates, under the intlucnce oflight, 911.713.- ethereal sulphates of, 1033.- of the Jerusalem artichoke, 778.Carbon bisulphide, action of trimetlrpl-amine on, 304.-- explosive product of a solu-tion of phosphorus in, 996.-- esaiccator for, 875. -- manufacture in S \ r o s z o ~ icc,-- use of, for tlie extraction ofCarbon, estimation of, in cast-iron,- filters, experiments with, 086. -_ hydrogen, and nitrogen, simulta-- octobronii de, 303. - separation of, in open hearth,puddling furnace, ant1 Bessemer con-verts, 183.837.sulphur, 837.401.ncous determination of, 278.- t i third form of, in steel, 84.2.C'avbonic arid, compound of aluminac_- influence of temperature on-- in the air, estimation of, 78.-- replacing, of the air necessaryfor tlie production of chlorophyll insarcophjtic and parasitic plants, byorganic substances, 737.L_- temperature-surface of, 193.Carbonic anhydride, action of, on theanimal organisin, 174.-- ditfusion of, through vaterand alcolrol, 347. -- formation of, by ?cast alone,in prescncc and absence of oxSgen,663. -- influence of temperature ontlic evolution of, by barley seeds,1048.with, 883.excretion of, 74.-- in sea-water, 1061. -- preparation of, under any de--- proportion of, in air, 74-1..Carbonic oxide, action of aqueous va-pour on, 880.-- heat of combination with theclement?, 591. -- heat of formation of tliecompound of, with cuprous chloride,888.eircd pressure, 676.-- in foundry furnaces, 344. -- limit of detection of, 1063.-- solution of, i n an acid soh-tion of cuproiis chloride, 887.Carbopetroceiit?, 1027.Carbotriphenyltri:imine, synthesis of,Carboxypgridenic acid, 732.462.- - _Cnrica papzya, action of the sap of,1048. -- digestive fernient of, 1048.Carminaphtha, Laurent'e, 466.Carrot wed, analysis of, 822.Caryophyll:icc:r, colouring iiiattcr of,C'asei'n, 735. - forination of f a t froui, in the ripen-730.ing of cheese, 996.vegetable, 273. -C'ast-iron, crystttls estmcted froin, bycstiniation of carbon i i i ,- -- purific.ntioii of, froin p l i i wC'astor-oil seed>, albuiiiino'ids fronl,('at, respirittion of ;I.73.Catalysis, 501. - viscosity i i cause of, 876.Catechu, test for, in tea, 854.C'atlinite, 361.C'attle fodder, anal? scs of, 956.Cellulose, action of gaseous hydroclilo-ric, hgdrobroinic, liyclriodic, or hFclro-fluoric acid on, 77'3.etlicr or petroleiiiii, 771.401.phoriis, 286.390.--- nitro-deriratiTes of, 218, 371.Cement, 407.- grinding apparat US for, 408. - influence of water on, 1OH.CIerculs, nitrogcin-compoitiicis present in,Ceritc, analyses of, 68,'.- metals, estiiiiatiou of, in scliccxlitc,-- exnniinatioii of caleureousC'crium aniline black, ($82. - chlorostitnnatc, ti&?. - distribiition of, 695. - group, new earth of, 12.-- metals, spwific grill it7 and atomicvolume of, 579.Charcoal, absorptiou of gases by a newseries of cyuiviilcnts or molecularnumbers, 500.486.696.ininerals for, 696.- aninia!, artifici:d, 8 i$. - wood, ttbwrbing power of, 761.Cheese, decomposition of, 839.-- formatioii of' f i t from casein in- Parines~n, critkil ])oilit in inaLiiig,__ ripenill;: of, 83!J.Chemical nIliiiit1, 348, 580. - equivalenccb, 876.the ripening of, '3!6764.IXDEX OF SUBJECTS. 1125Chemical technology of glasa, 1074.Chenopodium Quinon, colouring matterChestnut tree, disease of, 821.Chicory, examination of, 558.Chili saltpetre as a manure for barley,Chinolic acid, action of nitric acid on,Chinoline-carbonic acid, 471. - constitution of, 946.- dichloro-, 946.~ from allylsiiiline, synthesis of,- nitro-, 540.- synthesis of, 946.Chitenine, 809.Chloral ammonia, action of aldehydes- hydrate, 014.-~ dissociation of, 500, 690. -- remarks on a note on, byWurtz, 1006. -- and chloroform, distillationof a mixtiire of, 876.Chloralide and its derivatives, 43.Chloranil, formation of, from isomericChloratcs, action of oxalic acid on,Chlorides, liquid, in blast furnaces,- metallic, vapour-densities of some,Chlorine, action of, on anhydrous me-- acetate, Schutzenberger's, 452. - bromine, and iodine, separation-- density of, a t high t.cmpcratures,- estimation of, by ammonium thio-- estimation of, in urine, 830. - preparation of, by means of cal-cium and magnesitim cliloiides, 8.- presence of, in scapolites, 697.Clilorocrotonamidc, 4.1.C'hloroform as an iiinzsthetic, 747.-- detection of, 280.- cxsiccatoi* for, 875.__ tests for tlie purity of, 747.- and chloral Iiydrate, distillation ofClrloromuconic acid, 918.Cblorophyll corpuscles, origin of, 174.Chlorophyllite, gold and silrcr in, 511.C'hloropurpureo-cli~oiiiiuin salts, 124.Cliloropurpureo-cobalt, salts of, 119,Clilorostannates of the rare met&,of, 730.1051.947.540.on, 452.amido-benzoic acids, 164.593.989.1013.tallic bromides, 770.and cstin ntion of, 670.1011.cyanate, 973.a mixture of, 876.124.601.Chloroxindole cliloridc, 535.Chocolate. quantitative determination ofCholamide, 949.Cholanic acid and its salts, 388.Cholestcric acid and its salts, 388.Cholestcrin, action of nitric acid on,- brain, derivatives of, 135.- dinitro-, 634.- niononitro-, 634. - some neutral oxidation-p~oduc.ts- trioxy-, diacetin of, 135.- trioxg-, nitrous etlier of, 135.Cholcstergl cliloride, action of aniline,toluidine, and naphthylamine on, 366.-- action of nitric acid on, 634..Cholestcrylaniline, 136, 376.Cliolesterg 1- a-naphthylamine, 376.Cholcstcr~ltoluitli~ie, 376.Cholic acid, 333, 919.-- action of potassium tlic*lii-o-mate and sulphuric acid on, ,388. -- a hydrocarbon from, 333.-- oxidation of, 333, 810.Chondrin, 661.Chondroglucose, 661.Chromutcs, 298.- beliaviour of carbohydrates to-wards, under the influencc of light,911.- behaviour of gums towards, unclerthe iilfluence of light, 911.- detection of, 401. - of rnagneQiuiii metals, I olumc-con-stitution of, 7\68.Chromatic ~ a l w of media otlier tlinnwater, 429.Chrome-black on wool, 572.Chrome-crucible steel, prcparation of,Chrome steel, 286, 28'7.Chromic acid, a new double salt of, 887.compound of, with potassiuintheobromine in, 406.634.of, 135.567.--fluoride, 1016.-- free, detection of, 401.Cliromic vonipounds, absorption-spectraof, 190.Chro in iu m am:il gam, 693.- compounds, inactivity of, in I'YO-ducing aniline-black as compared i t l ithe uction of wnndium con~pouiitls,421. - garnet, 361.- salts, action of, in presence ofchloratcs, 420. - anti aluninium, sesquisulpltates of,595. - and iyon, sesquisulphutes of, 59 1..- and manganese, sesquisulphates of,5941126 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.Chromograph, 836.Chromoinctry, use of biowpipc in quan-Chronology of' the isomeric purpuriiis,Clirysanisic acid, ncw method of pine-C'Iirysai*obin, acetjl-, 357. - in " Goa powder," 326.Clwysazin, 538, 942. - constitution of, 942. - diacctjl-, 538. - from anthracetic, synthc..sis of, 260. - 'series, anthraccne-derirntiyt>s of,Cltrysazol, 537.- diiictetyl, 537.Clirjsene, colour rcaction with nntiiiionFtrichloride, 831. - sjnthesis of, 807.Cinchorncronic acid, formation of, fromquinine, 9 47. -- - identity of pjrklinrtlicar-bonic acid with, 947. -- salts of, 947.Cinclionn alkalo'ids, 168.-- beliaviour of potassium thio-cyanatc with, 281. -- rcmarks on Ricc's articlcs on,71.Cinchona barks, estimation of, 489.-- - cxliibitcd a t thc Horticultu-ral Exhibition in Amsterdam, estima-tion of the alkalo'ids in, 281.Cinchona bases, oxidation-products of,656.Cinchonichine, 169.Cir,chonidine, 71.- and its salts, 942.- oxidation of, 949.Cinclionic acid, 947.Cinvhonine, 71, 6 5 .- bases, constitution of, 810.- compnsition of, 948.- dicthiodide, 169.. - oxidation-products of, 4'71, 948. - reaction with antimony trichloridc,- solubilitF of, 489.C'inclionine-quinoline, oxidation of, byC'inchotenicine, 332.C'incliotenidinc, 71.- aiid its s u l k , 949.Cinchotrnine, 91.8.C'inchotitic, 9-1.Y.('iiitlcrs f'roni Ktnn, 901..('irin:tbar crFstfils l'roin Cnliforni:i, .I-4,0._- ral)ouAcn4ty of, itii.('innnnteiic.n-broillo-. 379.titative anal-sis, 740.943.paring, 324.537.832.ptassitim permnngniiatc, 731.- or Iijdt*ocinclioninc, 71.Ciiinnmic acid, Jiydriodo-, 378.- -- hydrobromo-, 378. -- h~drodihroino-, 3'78.-- nictxnitro-, synthesis of, 157.Ciiin:Lmon-bark, Japanese, 320.Citracotiic wid. bromo-, 437.Citrain:ilic acid and its salts, 707.Citrciie. 386.- andysis of, 87.Cleopntra's necdlc, anal)-ses of stone,Clerite, 364,Clover hay, action of rain on, 823.Coal, srtilicial formatioii of, 896.- constitutioii of, GO2. - dust, t.lw part played b j , in pro-tlucing explosiorls i n coal mines, 98. - estimation of sulphur in, 974. - iiiincs, the part played by coal-dustin producing cxplo4ons in, 98.Cosl-txr, prescnce of cthjl alcohol in,136.Cobalt.amnl,q:m, 693.- ammonium compound5, 119, 438,- complex oxides of, 507. - compounck, absorption-spectra of,- estimation of, by precipitation as- innlleablc, preparation of, and its- metallurgy of, "8.5. - scpnration of ferric oxide andalumina from, 9'70.- and iiielicl sulpllates, chcmiculcqiiinlence of, 876.Cocoa, nitrngi'iwus constituents of, 493.Cotlcinc, coloiir ir:ictioii with antimonytrichloi*idc, 831. - test for, l ~ ( i 7 .Cawliqnonc dcriwtirea, 253.Coffee, cx?minati!Jn of, 538.Cohcsinn, nnturc of, and its cliemiciilColicsire pu\vcr of s))iIG, 957.Colic. wtiinntion ol' hiilphur in, 974..Collitlinc, $0 I..Collit\ric,F, lirc.-tl:iuip in, 760.Cullotui-in(', 73.Colotiil,in, Z O .Colorinwti*it* cs p ! * i iiiciits, 77.- p r o w s ( I!oli 1,'s) for the exainina-t ion of wntcr, 3;)s.Colost ruin or tlic cow, conipo3ition of,815.Culorir rcnctioii.., t*ln:.nct crist ic., pro-C l i i t .t v 1 by t.ltc. :i,.t ion of a i i t iinony orhistnuth tricliloi*ide on aromatic tiv-uictailitro-, 321. --Cl;rys, 988.41.5.597.189.oxalatc, 1054.:ipplication i n the purc state, 563.signiGcation, 5 i 9 .C'innamic acid, addition-products of, 378. drocaihns, 831ISDES OF SUBJECTS. 1127Colouring matter containing sulphurderivcd from diinethy-lphcnylenedia-minc, 628.-- - from monoxybenzoplicnoiie,60. -- of Palmelin cmenta, 1042. -- of red wine, 171.-- of sandal and caliatour woods,-- new, from ortliamidoplienol,-- yellow, from indigo, 936.CoIouring matters, 571.-- from alizarin, absorption-spectrum of, 807.-- of t,he rosnniline-group, 236.Colours, valuation of body, 170.Columhin and linionin, supposcd iden-tity of, 730.Conibustion-process, moist ; some rcac-tions of alknlinc permanganate ofpotassium, 555.Concrct,ion-balls, curious, derived fromR colliery mineral water, 102.1..Conductiritp of liquids for heat, 1001.C'oninc, reaction with :mtimoiiy trichlo-Conquinine sirlphate, 656.Clopnibic acid, 1038.Copper ammonium osTferroqaniclc, 775.actioi? of heat on, 775.Copper, c1istribut.ion of, in primordialrocks, and i l l the sedimentary de-posits derivcrl Prom tllcm, 1020.470.921.ride, 831.--- cstimxtion and separat,ion of, 9'71.- extraction of, by wct processes,- improrcments in purifying or re-___ nitrite, a new, 693.- ores, origin of some, 17.___ plate, st ecling, 186.- - - phpy)liitle, 504, 508.- refining, 989.- sulpliatc, nbwrption-spcctrtl of,190..- - animoniarnl, action of potas-sium ferrccjanitle on, 775. - sulphidc, act ioii of sclcnium on,771. -- prccipitatccl, corni)ositioii of',206.__ tcst, ami1ioninen1, ant1 its applica-tioo, l('G6. -- \Veil's voliiiiietric metllod of esti-mating, 276.~ an(1 iron pjritca, ncm procews forthe trcnf iiiciit, of. i n tlic dry way, 563.- nntl lcxtl, tlotthlc sclcniclcs of, 440.('urn, oilill; of, 822.t 'orpw, 1iuii:an. foi-mation of poisonous:tlkdo'itls in, 734.$57.fining, 4.23.Coruuduni in doleritc from Orifak,Cotton-blue, 419.Coumarin, honioacetoxy-, 720.Cow, composition of the colostrum of,Cow-trw, composition of the milk of,Cons, beet-leal-es as fodder for, 813.- use of soiir food for, 1030.Cows' milk, fceding calvcs without,Cream, Devonsliirv, composition of,Crcnsote, distinctire tcsts for, 182.Creatine, 471.Creatininc, 471.Cresol, benzylated, 314.- ilistiiicti\ (1 tcsts for, 182.- sulpliitric acid, 149.-- t ct r:tbromopara-, 789.Cresols, formation of, during putwfac-- t hrec~ isomeric, action of crirboiiCrop, rrFect of manure on, 826.Crossopterinc, 71.C'roton aldeliydc, action of ammoni:L on,-- and its homologues, 615.Croton oil, tclntilc acid of, 221.Crotonj lamine, 713.Crucoiblc stwl, nianufacturc of, 1076.G'rj oh: drntes, formation of, 488.Cr: std.prcpamtion of largc regular,- spccics, ftind:imental forms of, 14.Cr,nt:ils cstractctl fi*oni cast-iron bycther or pctroli.iim, 771.C(ii~iicnc, prabromo-, G24.- l ~ r u d o - , 6%.C'itinc~nolcnrhoi~ic acid (propylhjdroxy-Cuinic acid, biwino-, 230.-- nit ro-, 464.- conipountls, constitution of, 30s.Cuininol, nitro-, and its derivativce,C'tipric Iirdrat(., compounds of gr:lpr-- o\i(lc (l;t>liling's soliit ion), Yetliic-C i t probo(1 i 111 io\pl I o 11 I 1 iiri cl iloridc, 503.894.815,73.1046.1068.- para-, 780.tion, 789,tetrncli'oriclc on, 791.780.355.beiizoic :ici(l), 642.(1 i n it ro-, 4 G 1.. --461.~ i i p r with. 7 i S .tion of', by nIi1k--ug:ir, 217.c II ~lroll, c I1 lOY1 c Ic, G ! U .pllo~pllldc \\ I L h .;;on. (-0 I I poi 1 1 I tl? of lt~drogc n- - Iie:it of lormation of tlio com-po~in(1 of c:ri*boiiic osirlo niL11, SYS.solritioii of cxrbonic oxide inan acid solutioii of, 887.---128 INDEX OICuprous chloride, vaponwlendy of, 767,- thiosulphate, double salts of, 124.C'yamides, action of carbonic anliydi ide('jamidocarbonic acid, 304.Cyanacetjldimethyl urea, 619.Cyanscetyl urea, 619.Cyanamide, phenyl-, preparation of,from ~iionophenylthioc;irbamicle, 804. - reactions o€, 910.Cranides, liquid, in blast furnaces, 989. - titration of, and relation t o xlka-Cyanogen, action of hydrochloric acid- direct combination of, with hydro-- direct combination of, with the- estimation of, in soda-]yes, 402.- heat of formation of, 767.- hydridc, solid, 1028.Cyanuric acid, a- and p-, 517. - - isonieritles of, 517.C'jclumin, split,ting up of, into glucoseC'J-mcne, 0-cliloro-, from thjinol, 230.- compounds of, u i t h nluniinirim- compounds of, with aluminiuni- constitution of, 308.873.on, 303.limetry, 486.and alcoliol on, 47.gen, 909.metals, 909.and mannite, '70.bromide, 785.cliloricle, 785.- constitution of tltc propyl group- oxidation of, 321.in, 228.D.Dairy process, Alpine, 857.Dandelion, analjsis of, 821.Daphnetin, 469. - benzoyl-, 469. - monncetyl-, 469.- tetrabromacetjl-, 469.Dart, water from thc, 906.Daiibr&lite, the new nretcoric mineral,Dccil)iuni, a new metal from samars-Dcconiposition, inflccnce of chloroforniI~ehgtlromucic wid and its sdts, 141.Deosalic acid, 619.Dcoxybcnzo'in, action of nitric acid on,- ami;lo-deriratives of, 790.- monamido-, chloroplatinate of, 791-__ mononitro-, 790.33.kite, 117.in prerenting, 395.150.SUBJECTS.Deoxybenzoi'n, nitro-derivatives of, 790.- syritlrrsis of, 790.Dcphosphorisation of' pig-iron, 1075.Detonating agents, history of, 846.Detonation, sii(1tlcnnrss of, as comparedIlestran, 912.Dextrose, estinr:tt.ioii of, in presencc of- gravimetric estimation of, 180. - -monochloride-tetrnsulplruric acid,- -tetrasulpliuric acid ni:d its salts,- -trisulphnric acid, 1034..Dhurra or Sorgho grass, cultivation of,Diabase from Berneck, 4-53.Diallagite, 514.Di~~llylacetio acid, 372.Diallyl, monochloro-, 34.Diallylcne, 34.niallylisoprop-jl carbinol, 612.Dialnric avid (osyrnalonvl urea), 4.60.Dialjsis, apparatus for ~ontinual, 347.Diainido-ditolgls (tolidines), isomeric,235.Dimnines, homologous tertiary, obtainedi n the inethylaniline manufacture,786.with cxplosioii, 847.sacdtarose, 180.1034.1034.823.Dinmylamine, preparatioti of, 914.Di:iiirylcarbopgrrolnmide, 525.Dianiylene, lieat of fornuation of, 874.t.lierinic constants of, 874.Diaspore froni Jorclnnsmhhl, 603.Diastase, 660.Diazohenzene-anii~lonnphtlrol, 629-- phenol-di-, 148.Diazo-conipounds, preparat,ion of sul-phonic compouncls froill, by means ofsulpliuroiis acid, 933.Di:izoetlioxane, 221.~iazol~pdr~oc~anorosnnilii~e, 386.niiizoleuniriilinc, 386.Diazopal.wleucaniline, cliloricle of, 385.ni:izop3ral.o.aiiiline hj-drocliloride, 385.Diazorosaniline hydrochloride, 385.Dibenz:inilitles, 716.Dibciizoquinol, 638.Dibcnzoquinone dibenzoate, preparationof, 638.Dibenzyl, pcrchlorination of, $21.I) i ben zy 1 id en e ~ :mi i do ben z o ic acid : n dsalts of, 233.Dibromalljl alcohol, action of chloro-earboitic etlicr on, i n prcsencc offiodiurn amalgam, 305.Dihutylninine, 141.Dibutyllactic acid, 616.Dicarbopgridenic acid, 731.-- action of heat on, 731.- acids, 265ISDEX OF SUBJECTS. 1129Dicarboppidenic acids and tlieir salts,conipnratire tables of the properticsof, 267.Dichlorhjdrin, action of clilorocarbonicether on, in presence of sodium amal-gam, 305.Dichloronaphthalene-P-sulphonic acidand its salts, 782, 723.niclilorosulphobcnzide, 229.Dichromates, 298.n i c kinsoni te, 891.Dicj nno-amidobenzogl, 321.Dicganodiaminc, sulphuretted, 41.Didjmiferous niinerals, measurement of- sclieelite, artificial production of,Didymium chlorostannaf e, 608.- distribution of, 695. -- from cerite, probable compound- nitrate, spectrum of, 861. - oxide, pure, prcparution of, 696. - tungstate, nrystallised, preparationnietliylallyl carbinol, 214.Diethyl-benzene, 785.- Pam-, 920.- -monosulphonic acid, 920.Dicthylbenzoic acid, Fittig and Konig’s,Diethyl-carbopTrrolamidc, 525.DiethS1-glyoxyiamide, 47, 220.Diethjlh~ drazine, 450, 451.nietliyhiaphtlrjlphosphine, 68.Diethyloxamide, action of phosphorusDiet hyl sulphide, oxidation-products of,Dietrichite, a new alum from Hungary,DiKusion, use of, in the study of theDigallic acid, 466, 646.-- preparation of, 645.Digestion, infliience of bile in, 519.- pancreatic, 814.Diguanidinc and its salts, 781.Dihgdroferric phosphatc, 202.u-T)ihytiroxjanthrtlcene? 537.a-Dihjdroxybenzenesullphonic acid andDi-isoamglsulphone, 38.Di-isobutjlaminc, 703.Di-isobut~lgl~oxyla~~iide. 4’7.Di-isobutyloxamidc from commercialtrimethylamine, 912.Di-isobutylsulphone, 38.Di-isobutylsulphoxide, 37.Di-isoprene, caoulchenc, and tcrpene,formula of, 466. --absorption-spectra of, 697.696.nature of, 119.of, 696.920.pentachloridc on, 784.37.440.phenomena of dissociation, 1006.its salts, 933.identity of thc hydrates of, 1039.VOL.XXXVI.Di-isopropylsulphone, 38.l)imcthacrylic acid, 307.-- - an isomeride of angelic acid,Dimethj lamidot riphenylmethane, 53.Dimethylamine, 913.action of benzoic chloride on, 737. - prepmat ion of blue colouring-Dimethylbarbituric acid, synthesis of,nimothylcnrbopT.rrolamide, 525.Dimrthgldiacetonainiue and its salts,- I i y clrochlorirle, 1035.Dimetl~ylctli~lc~~baniine, 141.DimethylpnrttpliPnylcne-diamine, 626. -- action of ethyl-oxalate on,-- carbaniidee, 627. -- colouring mtittrr containiiig782.-matters from, 571.618.1035.627.sulphur derived from, 628.oxamic acid, 627.-thiocnrbnmide, 628.--- --Dimetlij luric wid. 18.Dinaphth~lcarbamide, 723.ninal’htliyl-phojphinic acid, 67, 68.Dinaphthyla, three, colour reaction mitliantimony t richloride, 831.-- reaction with bismuth tri-chloride, 831. - vapour-densities of the three iso-nieric, 537.DinitroplieiiSlpropionic acid, 64.0.Diopside, 442.- artificial, formcd in a Bessemerconrcrter, 513.Dioptnsc on chrysocolla, from Peru,30.Iliortho-diphenj lene-acetj lene or plic-nnnthrenc, 653.Dioxjanthracene, 258. - diucetj 1-, 258. - tlibeneoyl-, 258.Diosjnnthrarufin, cliacctj 1-. 258.Diosybenzene, ether-sulphunc acids of,Dioxjbenzoic acids, 157, 643..nioxpbenzophenone, from aurin, 59.Dioxvindole, acetjl-, 937.- action of ammonia on, 718.Diparu~iriclodiiiietliylp~i~~ii~ 1-oxamide,Diparamido-diorthocarboul Icliphenyl, orDiphenctholc, ~rthodiiit~iitlo- (diethoxy--- action of alkalis on the saltsDiplienic acid, 165. - - diamiclo-, or dipammido-diortliocarboxylcliplienyl, 165, 653.149.627.dinmidodipht~nic :icit1, 53.beuzidine), 939.of, 939.4 l 1130 IXDEX OF SUBJECTS.Diphenic acid, dimetamido-, 653.-- dinitro-, 165.Diphenols, 64, 66, 651.n-Diphenol-sulphonic acid, 65.Diphenyl, colour reaction with antimony- colour reaction with bismuth tri-- diamido-, 252, 652.- dibrom-hexmethoxyl, 253. - dichlorohexmethoxyl-, 253. - diphthrtlimido-, 324. - diphthalimidodibromo-, 324. - hexhydroxy-, 932.- hexmethoxy-, 253.Diphenylamine, dinitro-, 51.Diphenyl-arsenious acid, 162. -- bromide, 162.-I_ chloride, 162. -- oxide, 162. -- oxychloride, 162.-- trichloride, 162.Diphenylarsinic acid, action of, on ani-Diphenyl bases, 252.Diphenplbenzene, 66.- perchlorination of, 721. - trinitropara-, 163.Diphenplcarbamide, 651.Diphenylmrbonic acid, 163.Diphenyl-diethyl-arsenium iodide, 162.Diphenylethylethane, 318.Diphenylene-ketone, 164, 165, 166, 167,Diphenylene-ketone-carbonic acid, 166.Diphenylene-methane, 164, 166. -- dibromo-, 164. -- dinitro-, 164. - -- picrate, 164.Diphenylenephenylmethane, 384.Diphenyl-ethylarsine, 162.Diphenylmethane, nitration of, 319.- diacetoxy-, 325. - dianiido-, 319.- dibenzoxy-, 325. - diethoxy-, 325. - dimethoxy-, 325. - dioxy-, 324. -- oxidation of, 325. -- tetrabromo-, 325.Diphenylmethylacetic acid, 322.Diphenylmethylmethane, 317.Diphenylphthalide (phthalophenone),conversion of, into phenolphthalei’n,637.trichloride, 831.chloride, 831.mals, 476.536.- constitution of, 636.Diphenylthiocarbamide, 54.- action of potassium monochlor-Diphenylthiohydanto’in, 651.Dipieoline and its salts, 265.Dipyrocatechol, 65.acetate on, 651.Dipropylallylcarbinol, preparation of,Dipropyloxamide from commercial tri-Dipyridine, 264.Diresorcinol, tetrabromo-, 465.Dissociation, use of diffusion in theIliathene from Central Africa, 24.Distillation of a heterogeneous liquid,Distilleries of molasses, artificial yeastnita bark (Alstonia or Bchites schola-Dita‘ine, 332.Ditamine, 71.Dithiodidimethylaniline, desulphurisa-tion of, 714.Ditolgl, perchlorination of, 721.l)itolglsuccinimides, 528.Di-triferric phosphates, 202.Divaleryl, preparation of, 520.Dolerite from Ovifak, minerals occur-ring with the metallic iron in, 894.-which encloses native iron of Green-land, 892.Dolomite, y.ellow, from Bleibcrg, 19.Dracylic acid, arnido-, 155.Dulcitan, 1034.T)ulcitanpentasulphonic acid, 1034.Dulcite, action of phosphorus pentachlo-Duporthite, a new asbestiform mineral,Durene, 527.- derivatives {a-tetramethylbenzene)Durenyl, 714.D weriyl-dibenzoyl, 713.Durenyl-dicarbonyl-diphenyl, 713.Duryl, 713,Dyes of the rosaniline group, 787.Dyeing with aniline-black, 684.- wool, use of chrome-alum in, 185.Dystropodextrin, 549.136.methylamine, 912.study of the phenomerra of, 1006.875.for, 1078.ris), basic constituent of, 332.ride on, 917.24.’713.E.Earth, a new, of the cerium group, 12.Earth-metals, fluorescence of the salts of,Ebullioscope, 1065.Echitamine, 71.Edible-clap, 89.Egg, fowl’s, researches on the chemical862.changes occurring in, during incuba-tion, 4.74.- ‘‘ starch granules” and “am~loids”of, 662ISDEX OFEgg, Tolk of, ferment produced by theinoibid growth of the bioplasm of,478.Eikosplme, a derivative of brown-coalparaffin, 699. - a derivative of lignik? parafin, 447.- chlorination of, 699.Nkdemite, 22.Elaterite, 301.Electric conductivity of zinc sulphatesolution, 864.-- and thermo-electric positionof stecl in their relation t o its hard-ness, 999. -- currciits, belia~iour of, in rarefiedgascs, 345.-- produced by the flow ofliquids through tubes, 346.- discharge, silent, 435.-spark, continuous spectrum of, 765. -- thermic and galvanometricElectricity, atmospheric, influence of, on- excitation of, by the contact of- quantity of, necessary for charg-- static, distillation of liquids underElcct ro-chcmical actions under pressure,Electrolytes are saltfi, 1.E:!eutrolytic conduction, unipolar, 194.Electrolysis of hydrogen peroxide, 878. - used in copper metallurgy, 760.Electromotive force produced by theflow of liquids through tubes, 998.- power of gas elements, 998. -- of a Grove’s element in termsof Siemens-Weber units, 998.Elements and their compounds, spectraof, 685. - relation between the melting pointsof, and their coefficients of expansionby heat, 588.- solid, thcrmo-chemical relationbetween the boiling and melting pointsof, 690.laws of, 576.plants, 818.solid and gaseous bodies, 345.ing a platinum xater-cell, 194.the influence of, 997.293.Elemi-resin, reduction-products of, 69.Ellagic acid, 930.-- action of potash on, 932. -- constitutional formulz for,Emulsion, formation of, 549.Enamel for cast iron, 755.- for wrought ii*on, 755.Enstatite from South Africa, 513. - in the olivine nodules of the GriS-Xosin, manufacture of, 292.Eosphorite, 20.932.ditzberg, 514.SUBJECTS. 1131Epiclilorhydrin, action of ammonia 011,1031.- action of chlorocarbonic ether on,in pwsence of sodium-amalgam, 305. - action of hydrocganic acid on, 449.-- action of potassium cajaiiate on,- action of sodium on, 1031.Epsomite, natural crystals of, of largeK q u i ~ alcnce, chemical, 876.Equivalents, new series of, from absorp-tion of gases by charcoal, 600.Erbium nitrate, spectrum of, 862.Ergot, alkalo‘ids of, 387.- contribution to a knoivledgc\ of tlieErgotinine, preparation of, 387.E~*icaceae, ethereal oils of some, 641.Erythrol, action of phosplioruq penta-- fermentation of, 661. - tctrasulpliuric acid, and its salts,Etch-figures on quartz-cryqtals, 439. -- produced on the nlumF, 439.Ethane, action of bromine on, 302.- chlorobrom-, nomenclature andboiling points of, 368.-- dinitro-chlor-, 700. - hdogcn derivatives of, 212. 368.Ethanes, normal @artiffins), hilingpoints of, 765.Etlicnyl-bicarbonic acid, 707.- ether, 707.~tlietiyldiphenylamidL7e, 313, 786.Et hctigltoljlamidine, 146.liItl!er, exsiccat,or fur, 875.Etlicr-sulphuric acids of diosj bclnzcne,Etlicreal oils of some EriciLceee, G 11.- sulphates of polyhgdric alcoholsEtherification, chemical experiments on,- influence of metallic cliloritles on,- thermal experiments on, 866,Ethers of a-dinitrophenol from a-dini-tro-chlorobenzene, preparation of,716.217.si7c, 358.alkaloids of, 260.chloride on, 917.1033.149.and carbohydrates, 1033.866.4 18.S i O .-_ of trinitrophenol, 923.Etliionic acid, 777.Ethyl acetate, action of mineral acids on-- bromo-derivatires of, 137.-- heat of formation of, 870.- alcohol, action of bleaching powder-- action of, on ethyl chlorosul-the formation of, 870.on, 910.pho:iste, 776, 777.4 h 1132 ISDES OF SUBJECTS.Ethyl alcohol, action of potassium di--- action of potassium perman--- action of zinc chloride on,-- presence of, in coal-tar, 136.- amido-acetate, 621.- anthrol ether, 654.- azobenzoates, 152. - benzoate, vapour-density of, 1025.- benzonitrobcnzoate. 153. - benzylmalonate, 707. - brom-acetates, decomposition of,- bromide, preparation of, 127. - bromisovalerate, action of sodiu~ri- butymtes, boiling points of, 522. - chloride, heat of formation of, 870.- a-chlorisobutyrate, 615. - chlorocarbonatc, action of, on tli-amylamine, 913.-- action of, on nionoaniylaminr,913. - chlorosulphonate, action of ethyltllcohol on, 776, 777.- cholate, 949.- dehydromucate, 141. - deoxalate, two isomeric niodifica-- diamylcarbamatc, 914.- dibenzoylphenylel.cerltte, 615.- diethomalonate, 707. - dipheriate, 165. - disiilphoxide, decomposition of, by- cthorualonate, 707. - formylt ricarbonatr, 91 8. - gl~collatcs, boiling points of, 522. - 1irdropt.n sulphate, 776. - isosuccinate, 783. - lactates, boiling points of, 522. - malonate, 707. - mercaptan, action of diazo-com-pounds 011, 304. -- mctlioxybutgrate, 523. - met hylaceto-acetate, action of hy-drocliloric acid on, 706. --- action of hjdrocyanicacid on, 706. - monainyl-carbamate, 913. - monobrom- and ciibrom-acetates,138. - monochlornceto - acetate, corn-pounds of, with metals, 915.- monochlorangdactate, 42.- nitro-acetate, 621.- a-nitro mesitylenate, 156.- fi-nitro-mesitylenate, 156.-- oxaiate, action of phosphorus pcn-iodide on, 595.ganate on, 205.1029.220.ethylate on, 706.tions, 620.potash, 219.tachloride on, 138.Ethyl oxjisobutjlforniatc, 110. - parahpdroxjniesit y h a t e , 643. - phenylbenzoate, 161.. - pyrotnrt r:i te, 134. - silicate, Iieat of vaporimt ion of,specific heat of, 767.'767.~ _ _-- thermic resrnvclwq on, 767.- sulph:tte, prepiiratioli of, $75. - sulphatey decomposition of, 1 Jgaseous hydrochloric acid, 137.__ tctracetyl quinate, 159.- thiacetiite, boiling point of, 786.- tricliloracetate, 139.- triclilorouyvderate, 42.Ethjlaniiiie, formation of, 219.Eth? lnmincs, scparation of, 305.Ethylbenzene, 7r5.Ethylbenzoic acid, mononitropara-, niidits salts, 920.EthSlcarbopgrrolic acid, <525.Ethyldiacetic acid, detection of, in urine,Ethyldicarbopywolic acid, 523.Etlijldietliyl g l ~ o \ j latr, 46, 220.Ethylene, action of chlorine ~riono~idc- action of hypochlorous acid on,- action of, on bcnzene, in prcxwce~ action of oxidising agents on,- bromide, action of water on, 700.- chloride, action of nitric acid 011,- chlorobrom-, nomenc1atui.e a i d- dibrom-, kctone from, 280.- dibromide, thermic constants for,- fluobor-, 915.- halogen dcriratires of, 212.Ethylenediethyl*ulphonc, 39.~tliS'lenedi~ulpliui.ic acid and its salt s,Ethylidene chloride, action of nitric- chlorobromidc, 369.- disulphuric acid and its salts,Etliylnaphtli~lamidine, 147.Ethyl-nitrogen chloride, boiling point of,Ethylosalic bromide, 139.Ethj losalic chloride, 139.Ethjlpheiiyl ketone, 529.Etliylpyrrol, 525.Kucrasite, a new mineral from Brevig,Eugeiiol, mlercurdimethyl-, 790.__ tropltc, 730.560.on, 303.4~1G.of Al,Cl,, ,785.907.700.boiling points of, 368.435.712.acid on, 700.710.781.311SDES OF SUBJECTS.1133Eugenol, methyl-, derivat.ives of, 790.-~ monobromonietliyl-, 793.Xugenyl dibroniide, nionobrumomet.li3.1-,Eugetic acid, methyl-, $90.-- - - action of potassiumpe.rnianganate on, 790.i90.Ellpitton, 233.Nurutin, 415.IS~pansiou of solid and fluid bodies,Esplosion, suddcnness of detonation as-. of nitrcm:wnitc, 1080.- of the flour mills at Minneapolis,J< up1usir.e compounds, improvements inI_ mixtures of air with couibustible- product of a solution of phospho-rus in carbon bisulpliide, 996.K j c , beliaviour of thc albuiiiiri of tlu:refracting media of the, 834.J;mIin .~ I ~ w z , 333.IV02.couipured with, 847.Minnesota, 1079.tlio inanuf:tcture of certaiii, 422.pow,lcrs, 412.F.Fabrics, vegetable, process for blench-ing, 761.Fairfieldite, 892.Fassaite, 364.F a t of butter, analysis of, 1070. - decomposition of, can be increasedby reflex action, 76.-formation of, from case’in in theripening of cheese, 996. - in oil-seeds, advantages of onlypartially removing, 99.- milk-, quantitative estinhion of,1068.F h , foreign, in butter, new method fordetecting, 1069.-- new method of testingbutter for, 953.F a t t j bodies, neutral, acids obtained bydistilling the crude acids derivedfrom the saponification of, in a cur-rent of superheated steam, 1036.- matters, estimation of, in feeding-stud‘s, 558.F c d i n g experiments with sheep, 9.51.1;ucdi n g-s t u ff s , estimation of fa L ty mat -tcrs in, 558.E’(.1spars, production of, by fusion, andby prolonged maintenance at a tem-IJerature neur that of fusion, 358.Feruient, a new organiscd, 817.- digestire, of Cnrica pnyuya, 1048.Fcrnwnt of our wine, action of, on goodwine, 817.- produccd by the morbid growth ofttie bioplasm of the yolk of egg, 478.- soluble alcoholic, non-euistencz of,10-t6.Fermentation, 663.- nlmholic, influence of oxygen on,- beer, 1079.- lactic, conditions of, 663..- of albumin, 664.- of calcium glpcurate, 664.- of calcium lactate, 66L- of calcium malate, 661.- of calcium tartrate, 6tiL- of erythrol, 66E. - of gclatin, 66 1.-- of’ glyccrol, 664.- of Iiytlrosyvaleric acid, 782.- of must, 993.- schizomjcetic, 66E.Fermcntstions, fungo‘id, 172.I.Erri et quince citrus, B.P., estimationFcrric cliloricle as a purifier of water,-- vapour-density of, 1014.- hjdrate, estimation of, withoutfilt.c.ring, washing, and drying, 480. - salts, c1iwAh.m of dissolved,3-18. - - reaction of salicylic acid with,i 4 8.-and aluminium oxidea, new me-t hod for seyarutiug, froin manganese,1055. -- oxide and aluiiiina, separation of,from nianganese, zinc, cobalt, andnickel, 970.i Y 3 .cjf quinitie in, 405.1076.Ferricjanides, 702.Ferrgclironie, 286, 287.Ferrocyanides, metallic, law peculiar to,Ferro-manganese allojs, distributim ofForrosuferric sulphate, 10 L.Ferrow diliydric pliosyhate, 201.- oxide, estimation of, in siliratea,‘48 1.lierrtrginous particles deposited by asirocco a t certain places in Italy,515.830.nianganese in, 286.Fibrin: estimation of, 835.- ferment, preparation of, 474.- peptone, action of acetic anhydrideE’i twous materials, 839.Field crops, quantity of nitrogen whichiiiust be supplied to cultivated plantsto ens:irc their normal develop 1;entas, t W .on, 9301134 ISDEX OF SUBJECTS.Filters, espwiments with animal cliar-cod, silicatetl carbon, and spongyiron, 986.- silicated carbon and spongy iron,403.Fire, extinguishing, in tar distillerice,1080.Fire-damp, detection of, 991.- iu collieries, 760.Fish gunno, cstiimtion of phoyphoricFlame, blue, from common salt, 497.Flavopurpurin, 381.- antlirapurpurin and isopurpurin,Flour, alum in, 556. - detection and estimation of alum- detection of aluni in, by the log-- detection of blighted wheat in, by- method for rapidly incincrating,- mills at Minneapolis, Minnesota,Fluobenzenesulphamide, para-, 650.Fluobenzenesulpliocliloride, pma-, 649.Fluobenzenesulphonic acid, 649.Fluoboracetonv, 914.Fluoborethylene, 915.Fluoranthenr, a new 11: drocarbon fi.oni- constitation of, 536. -- dibroino-, 166 - picric acid, 166.- quinouc, 166. - trinitro-, 166.Fliiorerie, diamido-, 683.l;luoresceih, maiiufacture of, 292.- nitroso-coinpounds of, 383.- carbonic :icid, 5.3.-- - acetyl, 56. - - clibromo-, 56. -- tetmbromo-, S f .Fluorescence of the salts of the earth-- Stokea’s law of, 862.Fluorine, volumetric estimation of, 829.Fluorite (fluor-spar), from Eyigtok inFliior-spar (fluorite), from Erigtok inFodder, cattle, analyses of, 956. - for cows, beet-leaves as, 813. - green, preservation of, in pits, 1049.Fo:iders, analysis of some, 552.Food, sour, use of, for cows, 1050.Force, electromotive, produced by tlieflow of liquids through tubes, 998.F o m i c acid, tribaaic, ethereal salt,> of.43.acid in, 968.actual relations of, 943.in, 483.wood test, 483.the spectroscope, 977.288.explosion of, 1079.coal-tar, 165.inetals, 862.Greenland, 511.Greenland, 511.Formj llrjwrbonic acid, 707.- cthcr, 707.Fossilised wood in Cleveland ironstonc,Fossil rwin, sulphur in, 896.Fowls poisoned with pumpkin-seeds,1046.Fowl’s eg:, researches on tlie chemicalclxmgvs occurring in, during incub:i-tion, 474.Freezing mistnre of calcium chlorideand snow, 689.Fuel, new application of rapid oxidztioliby which sulphides are utilised t’oi.,755.- used in the iron industry, estinia-tion of sulphur in, 974.Furstenwald-glaze, 88.F~dminoplatinum, chloroxy-, 375.Fulminoplatinums, 373.- di-, tri-, and tetra-cliloro-, 374.Fumaric acid, 372.- - action of ethyl iodide on thcFungus, distribution of, 479.Furfuraldehyde, oecurreiice of, in g1:tcinlFurfurangelic acid, conversioii of, i:itoFurfurvalcric acid, 916.91.silver salt of, 223.acetic acid, 137.azelaic acid, 915.G.I Gadolinite-earths, 113.i Galvanic current, pi~ssage of, tlirougli I iron, 686.- deposits, pressures produced by,i 576. - polarisation, 577.- properties of aqueous solutions ofmetallic salts, 863.Ganomolite, 22.Galactose, 137.Gallic acid, mclting Iioint of, 160.Gamboge, analysis of, 1041.Gainbogic acid, 10 12.Garnet chromium-, 361. - from the crrntic gneiss of Wc>l!cv,near Brenien, 361.- magnesium-, or Russian retinitc,4 1.1.Gas, composition of, from a 3hnft ofAbcrcarn Colliery, 357.__. elements, electromotive powei. of,998.evolved by the action of bariumhydrate on albuminoi’ds, 535.-- holder, a simple, 877.- illuminating, qiinntitntirc deter-inination of sulphur in, 78INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 1135Gas lighting, 85.___. liquor, application of, to the pro-duction of potassium carbonate andother salts, 677.-__. testing and raluing, ‘79. - purification of, by ammonia, 986.- regulator for air-baths, 294. - the ammonia-soda process in con-junction with the manufacture of,837..G;Lses, absorption of, by charcoal. A newseries of equivalents or molecularnumhers, 500. - combustible, composition of, in t,heSt,assfurt Mines, 603. - coin pressi bi li ty of, 429. - compressibility of, at high tempe-raturee, 1004. - deviation of some, from Boyle’slaw, 316. - Itot, erosive action of strongly com-pressed, with rcfcrentre to the historyof meteorites, 1024.- in iron and steel, 437.__ influence of temperature and pres-sure on the spectra of, 102, 685.- magnetic rotatory power of, atordinary temperature and pressure,5 76. - new phenomena shown by, 587. - rarefied, behaviour of electric cur-rents in, 3.1.5.- rarefied, luminous appcarances of,in tubes with liquid electrodcs,861. -- relation betcrcen the specific heattemperat ui*c and hcat conductivit,y, 2 . - relation betwecn work effected bythe diffusion of? ntitl tlie second law oftliermodynaruirs, 3. - thermal effect of the walls ofclosed vessels 011 t.he contiiined, 432.GiLY-Lusssc and ‘I‘licnard, peculiarity ofan c*speriment of, S87.Gedanite, a new fossil resin, 300, 896.Gelat‘in, action of potassiirrn or aninto-- blasting, 850.- ferineritntion of, 66-k.Ccrlnnd’s procrss for tannin estimation,933.Germ innt,ion, in fl ii en ce of salicylic R cid ,tliymol, and souie essential oils on,172.nium dicliroinatc on, 911.Gliea- or Shea-butter, 568.G l a s , bottle, 1yLacagno’s investigations- chemical technology of, 1074. - coloured by gold, 509. - composit,ion of, 754.- durability of, 754.Glaze-clay, annljsis of, 87.on, 562.Glucoprotei’ns, 545.Glucose, Bernard’s method for the esti-- estimation of, in the blcod, 557. - examination of Pary’s method of- in crude cane-sugars, 97.Glucoses, consecutive alteration of,formed by the inrersion of canc-sugar, 369.mation of, in blood, 674.determining, 834.Glucoside of buckthorn berries, 39.Glutamic acid, 5-1.5.Glutimic acid, 545.Glycerin. See Glycerol.Glycerol, action of potassium perman-- application of, in analysis, 178.- deriratires of, 1029. - estimation of, in wine, 404.- ether of a-dinitrophcnol, 717.fermentation of, 664. - mononitro-, 449.- thermic constants of, 874.Gljceryl-trisulphuric acid, 1033.Glycide, 449, 1032.Glycocholic acid, preparation of, fromOlycocinc, formation of, from etliyvlGlycocyamine, synthesis of, 70.Glycogen, action of diastase, saliva, and- transformation of, by the salivaryGljc01-disulphu~jc acid and its salts,Glycollic acid, formation or”, from tsr-Glgcuvic acid and salts of, 524.Glycyrrhizate of ammonium, acid, 1040.Glxcgrrhizic acid and its salts, 1040.Glycyrrhizin, 727, 1040.Glyosylic acid, 619._- - action of aniline on, 51.Glyoxilin, 850.Gneiss of tlie Korth Eastern Scliwnrtz-wald, and its rclatiouship to theniineral T eins, 443.- red, of the Saxon Erzgcbirgc,361.“ Goa powder,” c h r p r o b i n in, 326.Gold and other metals, extractiun of,from pyrites, 288. - assaying of, 509.Gooscfoot, white, analysis of, 881.Gourd family, analyses of some species- seeds, albuminoi’ds of, 272.Grains from malt, composition of, 761.Crnmenite, 31.Grilulinatito, 964.of liquorice, 727. -ganate on, 205.-ox-bile, 949.11 it ro-ace t s t e , 62 1.pancreatic juice 011, 370.and pancreatic ferments, 548.1033.t a r k acid, 916.of, 9611136 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.Gmnatine, 170.Granite porphyry of Benchn, near Leip--- of Lower Sileeiw, 25.Grape-sugar, arsenic in, 1077.-- compounds of, with cuprichydrate, 7’78.Grapes, composition of, a t differentstages of ripene-s, 820.- influence of heat on the ripeningof, 1047. - of the Stcin and Leisten districts,analjsis of, 739. - ripening of, 174.Graphite in dolerite from Orifak, 891.Grass seeds, cultivation of, 823. - young, nitrogcnous constituents of,zig, 27.819.Grecn, a new fast (malachite green),- aniline coloiirs, 83.5’71.- fodder, preservation of, in pits,- pigment from barium chromate,Grossalmerode-clay, 89.Grossular, 606.Grore’s element, clectroinotive power of,in terms of Siemens-Weber units,998.G u ani din e, j3-(1 i cyan od i t oljl ph enyl-, 53.- P-dicy;~notrii,lienpl-, 53. - ~-dic~anotritolyl-, 54. - diphengl-, action of phenylthiocar-bimitlc on, 80 1. - nitroso-, 613, 914. - salts of, 91s. - thiocganate, removal of sulphurGuanidines, cyano-, 53.Guano, fish, estimation of phoeplioricGum, beetroot, composition of, 912.Gums, behariour of, toward8 chromatesunder the influence of light, 911.Gun-cotton, decomposition of, in aclosed F-essel, 991.Gunpowder, combustion of, 992. - observations on Koble and Abrl’smemoir on the combustion of, 876.Gyxum, detection of, in meal, 18Y.1049.987.from, 614.wid in. 968.H.Ihmocyanin from the blood of theHemoglobin, est,imation of, in blood,Hair, conversioii of, into mannre, 859.Octopus vii 79arfs, 333.833.Halogens a d oxjgen, reciprocal dis--- relative affinities of, 351.- sulphur, and oxygen, reciprocaldisplacements between the, wlien com-bined with hydrogen, 296.Halo’id acids, decompositkm of, b jmetds, 589.- ethers, formation of, in the gaseousst&, 435.Ha?, brown, preparation of, from maize!‘360.- clover, action of rain on, 823. - nitrogenous constituents of, 819. - preparation of quiriic wid from,Heat absorbed b j the solut,ion of potas-- &ion of, on copper-nmmoniuin- action of, on niet,nls in a T ~ C U I I ~ ? ,- action of, 011 sugar, 911.- action of, on sugar solutions, 91 1 .- atomic theory of, 687.- conductivit,y of liquids for, 1001.- developed by contact of water withanhydrous sodium sulphwte, 580.- effect of, on mercury di-iodiJe,495.- eif’ect of substitutions, 871.- erolvcd by tlie action of hgdro-cliloric acid on chlornnilines, S72. - evolved by the action of hylro-chloric acid 011 paranitraniline,8’72. - evolved by tlie action of sodieoxide on the isomeric nionochlornni-lines, 768. - crolred by the action of sodicoxide on the three isoineric iiitropht-nols, 768.-influence of, on the ripening ofgmpes, 10-17. - influence of substitut,ion on evolu-tion of, during thr: format,ion of s a h ,567.placements of, 351.952.sium chloride in wnt.er, ijX8.o x j f errocyan id e, 775.1018.- inrisible: refraction of, 864. - of formation of acetic deriratires,- of formation of alkaline sulphides,- of formation of anilinc hydrochlo-- of formation of benzoic acid deri-- of formation of cyanogen, 767.- of formation of dialnpleue, 874.__ of formation of dissolved alkaline-- of formation of etlipl acctate,872.865.ride, 767.T-atives, 873.siilpliides, 866.b70ISDES OF SUBJECTS, 1137Heat of formation of ethrl cliloride, 870.- of formation of hydrogen phos-phides alid arscnides, 5. - of formation of pardnitraniline hy-drodiloride, 7tiS. - of formation of phenol derivatives,574. - of formation of silicon liydride,/ G I . - of formation of some aniline deri-vat iws, 871. - of formation of the anidgams ofthe RlkiLli metals, 88 k. - of formation of the compound ofcarbonic oside n.it.11 cuprous chloride,888.-_ of formation of toluidine hydra-chloride, 871. - of hjdration of alkaline sulpliidcs,863.__ of hj-dration of sodium oxide,G88. - of osidntion of the amalgams ofthe iilliali met:ils, 88.1..-_ of solution of nitrates, sulpliates,ditliionatcs, and some otiier salts, 6.c_ of rapurieat.ion of aniylcne, 874.. - of wporkatioii of' etliyl silicate,767. -_ of raporisation of siliciuni chlo-r i d t b , 767. - specific, of urnnoso-nranic oxide,G88. - capacity of misturtts of met1i)latc*ohol aild water, 688. -- of soils, 938.1feat.ing steam boilers, 1070.1Te:tvy spar, detection of, in meal,I r ~ t o g r a p l l , 836.P I -183.lleliciri or ortho-formyl glucoside, sjii-1 I eliographic printing , 750.-- - on sheet-zitic, 731.Hemp, strength of, 859.11 epta-auinioriiaca1 Iiydrocliloride, 502.lieptic acid, 4.58.lfcptyl alcohol, 46.13 crbivora, excretion of phosphoric acidby, 392.Hesperidin sugar, 448.Ilessite, 898.IIctaerolyte, a new mineral, 17.1Iexbroniethj-lmetli~l ketone, 220.Ilexmethylbenzeiie, 49, 527.- preparation of, from acetone, 940.1Icxhydroxgdiphenyl ketone, 932. -- - carbonic anhydride, 933.IIexane, action of bromine on, 303. - Iieaxbrom-, 303.- octobrom-, 303.1Ie.r11ydroli~dipheii~l, 932.thesis of, 1038.iresic acid, 457.Hesmet hgltriumidotriplien~lmethane,Hespl iodidc, action of water on, 700.P-IIexIl iodide, isolteptvlic acid from,Ilexjlcvc, octohroni-, 303Hibcrnntion, expeyimcnts on a marmotHigh teinperature prodaccd by means- teniperatures, spectrometric deter-Hipparaffin, formula of, 650.Hipparin, 630.Hippuric acid, estimation of, 748.~- scparat.ion of, 7 43.-- source of, in the urine ofherbirorous animals, 952.Hisingerite in dolerite from Ovifrtk, 80 1..IIollway's method of treating p j r i t c ~ ,563, 755.IIoniilit,e, 33.1 1o:tiocinclioiiidine-diet.liiotlide, 169.Homocinchonidine, e t l i ~ l - , 169.Honio-oxybcnzyl alcolrols, xylcnols, hy-d roxj t 01 iiic a1 deli jdes and acid e , ale O-1101- and aldelijde-h~-drosybcnzoic.acids, and I i j d r o x ~ p l i t h a l i ~ acids,relation between, 924.236.140.during, is.of'aninioniuni nitra.tc, 102.min:ition of', 293.IIomosalic~lic acids, 530, 531.-- thrce i$oincric, 791.Ifoneg from Ethiopia, analysis of, 450.1 I o p , an:d>sii of, 957.- constitutcnts of, 171..___ spent., andysis of, 1050.Ilornst,one, a decomposit,ion of, 511.iiorse-radish, iniricrd constituents of,House-fanps, prevention of, 1090.-- salicjlic acid as il prcrenta-tire of, 1080.Huiliic acid, 603.IIunJfidi Janos springs a t Butla-Pcut,Hyilotekitc., 22.IrlTdratropic acid, 380.-- arnido-, 979.-- d i bro I n - , 379.Hjdrazine compounds of the parafiiiwries, 450.Hydrazobenzene, action of ncet ic an!]?-tlride on, 630.-- diacetgl, 630.IIydrazoplienetols, 317.Hydrindic acid, acetyl-, 937.-- di:iinido-, 63.1fvdririctin-carborvlic acid, diamido-, 63.H?driodo-angelic acid, 618.liydrioito-nietliSlcrot.onic acid, 618.t I,v,lroant hmcenehydroquinone, consti-819.analysis of, 366t utioii of, 2611138 IKDES OFHydrobromic acid, absorption of, byHydrocarbon, C’sHIE, from cnntharic- C14H22, from lactucone, 460.- CI61I12, from plienjlglycol, deriva-- from rosin oil, 467.- solid, occurrence of, in the eriip-tive rocks of Xew Jersey, U.S.A.,896.IIydrocarbons, action of platinum ireon, 302.- aromatic, characteristic colour re-actions produced by the action of an-timony or bisinutli trichloridc on,831.acetic acid, 705.acid, 270.tives of, 327.- from American petrolenni, 4,t7.- obtained by the action of nlii-niinium chloride on methyl cliloricleand benzene, 228.- produced by the action of methj1chloride on benzene, in presence ofaluminium chloridc, 527.- uns:ituratetl, act ion of nitrosjlchloride on, 517.- -- action of nitrous acid on,35.-- formstion of, from the addi-tion-products of non-saturated acids,376.-- resulting from the decompo-sition of America~~ petroleum, 1025.Iijtlrocarbostyril, amido-, 6W. - dibromamido-, 640. - mono- and di- bromamido-, 6kO.Hydrocele, nature of the albumins in,Hydroccllulosc, 770.- conTersion of, into pyroxylin, 911.- nitrification of, 911.Irjdrocerussite, 22.JIydrochloric acid, absorption of, h jacetic acid, 705.-- compounds of the terpencswith, 913. -- containing phosphoric acitl,8.-- new compounds of, with nin-nionia, 501.-- preFaration of, by means ofcalcium and magnesium cl~loridcs, 8.-- solubility of stmnic o d o in,888.-- gas, action of, on sulphatcs,105. - _- - and mcrcurj, reactionbetween, 298.Hydrocinchonine or Cinchotine.Hydrocinnnniic acid, formation of, bymeans of the pancreas ferment, 41;s.-- nniicio- (pheii~Ian7idopropiuniL.acid), 37s.550.WBJECTS.Hydrocinnamic acid, amidonitro-, 640.dinitro,- and its derivatives, --639.-- paramethyl-, 230.Hydrocyanic acid, 909. - - action of hydrochloric acidand alcohol on, 46.delicacy of some reactions for,403.estimation of, in bitter-al-mond water, 280.titrution of, and its relatinilto alkalimetry, 486.Hydrogcn, action of, on sodiuin oxidc,689.- atomic hcat of, in its combinationwith palladium, 590.- direct combination of cjmogciiwith, 909.- estimation of, in gaseous mixtures,670.- ignition point of, 587.- photogrfiplied spectrum of, 497.- and niarsli-gq fractional combus-tion of, 747.- curbon and nitroKen, simultaneousdetermination of, 2%. - peroxide, 353, 592. -- decomposition of, by cobalt,-- elcctroljsis of, 878.-- estinintion of, by colorimctricestimation of, by hytlriodicestimation of, by indigo, 7 k3.cstinmtion of, by mensuringthe ox! gen evolved, 743.estimation of, by permanga-natc, 740. ~- formation of, by the explosionof a niiutuyc of oxygen and Iiydi*o;rcii,103.-- supposcd existence of, in tileorgnnism of plant<, 66.5. - phosphicle, conipounds of, withcuprous chloridc, 303.estimation of, in gaseous mix-turcs, 503. - phosphidcs and arscnidos, hcatclevelopctl in the formation cf, 5. - sulphidc, act ion of, on sulphurousncicl in presence of salts, 1012.-- prcparntion of.1013.------lead, and niangnncse oxides, 501.met hod, 743.wid, 742.----------use of, in the dry way in__- and sulphurous acid, produc-Hpdroli3~mat ite of Neuenburp, 604.Hydroisatin, constitution of, 937.Hydroquinonc. Sw Quinol.Hydro1 iglic acid aiid its salts, 456.--analysis, 963.tion of siilpliur from, 1012IKDES OFHydrotiglic acid, brom-, 4.55.-- dibroni-, 4.3.IIydroxanic acid, 227, 461.Hydroxy-acids, boiling points of et1icrc:Llsnlts of, 522.IIgdrox.paiithmquinouc-sulphoiiic acids,255.Hydroxybcnzoic acid, meta-, aldehydhy-droxybenzoic acids from, 927. -- metahornopara-, 791. -- nitro-, 644. -- orthohomopara-, '791.- acids, alcohol- and aidehyde-,xylenols, homo-oxybenzyl alcoliols, 11y-tlroxybcnzoic aldehydes antl a d s , andhydroxyphthalic acids, relntion be-t w e n , 924.-- aldel I ydo- , f roin niet ally-droxybenzoic wid, 927.Hydroxj butjric: acid, (i 15.Hydroxycuniic acid, 624.Ilytlroxydiphenyls, thrcc isomeric, 033,Hydroxjhydroanthranol, 261.a-Hydroxyisophthalic acid, 795.P-Ilydl.os3.isoplithalic acid, 793.Kjdroxjlation by direct oxidation, 139.Hydroxymcsitylenic acid, a new, 643.-I_ and its snlts, 530. - - constitution of, 530.Hylroxjparaxylic :wid, 641.IIytIt osyphtlialic acids, oxidation of 11s-tlroxytoluic acids to, 791.-- xylcnols, lionjo-oxybcnzyl al-cohols, hjdrosjtoluic altlclirdcs andacids, and alcolrol- aiicl nltlch>dc-,liydrosybenzoic acids, relations bc-tirecn, 92k.932.IrS-dros?.proyenT.lbenzoic acid, 465.-- isomcridc of, 466.l r ~ t l r o s ~ p r o p ~ lbenzoic :ici(l, 465.-- - derivative of, 795.-- oxidation-produvts of, 795.Itydroxjsaliic.ylic acid, para-, 938.~Iydrosyterepht,lialic acid, 639, 793.Iiytlroxytrtri: acid. 459.Ilgdrotoluic acid, 530.- acids antl altlchydes, xylcnols,Iioiiio-osjbenzyl alcohols, alcohol-,and :Lldehylc- liydroxybenzoic acids,antl Itgdrosypl~tlialic acids, 02.1~.-- from tlie tlircc isonicriccrcsols, 791.-- nic4hylic salts of, '792.-- osidiition of, to hjdrosy-p1itli:ilic acids, 791.~ nldt,hydes : ~ n d acids, sylcnola,honio.osybcnzy1 alroliols, alcoliol- : i i ~ c la1 de h j dc-, li y (1 rosy bcn zoic acids, auc 1hytlro?cyphliialie acids, idations be-t\reell, 92'1..1-Ijdrosyti.inwsitic acid, 531.SUBJECTS.11?59IIFdrosyuritic acid, 531.IJydroxpviilcrir ncid, obtained by o \ i :il-tion of allyldimethyl carbinol, 618.-___ fermentation of, 782.Hygrophilite-like mincral, 208.Hypophosphoric aciJ and its salts, lO5.IIypoxau1 liinc, 471.-- oc(*iii-rcncc nncl origin of, in tlicauiuial body, 17C.I.Tbotin, 330.Icnrin, $3.Idocrase in the limcstonr-sf rnta ofDeutscli-Tschamrnentorf, 902.Idrialin, 167.- brorninc-derivatives of, 1G7.- oxidation-products of', 167.1n:iclo-dcosybcnzoincllrbonic anhrdrid~,Trnidothio-ethcrs, 147.Incrustation, boilcr, composil ion of a,Indiwn, detection of, in urine, 343.I1 i t l i 1'11 1 in. 5 33.Indigo, action of sodium tliiosu!l)liate- anlitlo-, 939.__. lironi-, 938.- const it ution of, RCG, 935.- nioleculur H cight of, 5:Jd. - iiitro-, 938.-I wtlrwtion of, by glycerol, 188. - .r:q)our-(leiisity of. 63.- ycllow coloriring matter from, 9 3 6Inclipbliie, 532, 535.group, '337.__- subd itution- protliict s, 93%Iudi,q(fc,ra tiricforia, indigo-blue f i 0111,I1 1 (1 i go - p i i rpurin , 53 5.- _- broni-, 038.-- nitro-, !M9.In(Iigotin, dtkri\:itivcs of, 9%.I lid i rt'bin, 533.Intliuin cliluricle, mpoiir-tlcnsitj of, 379.Intlole, acetj I-, 938. - dioxy-, action of amiconin on, 713.Indoplienin, 937.- bromo-, 938.Indoxyl, 806.Intloxylsulphuric acid, 806.Inorganic bodies, wpour-Jcnsity dr'cr-ininations of, a t high tcmpernt urw,766. - (wnpouncIs, vapour-densities ofsonit'.375.I i i w . c L 1 ~ s ~ c!er, act im pritiriplc of, 807.246.830.011, 936.--5311140 ISDES OF SUBJECTS.Innlin, act ion of sulphuric monochlorideIodated potassium iodide, 5%.Iothtes, action of oxalic acid on, 593.-- reduction of, by pltosphorus, 103.Iodine, absorption spectra of, 190. - es t i mat i on of, b j ain in on i u m t,h io -I_. estimation of, in uarec, 1051. - industrj in France, 283. - reaction of, with sulphurous acid, - acetate, Scliutzcnbergcr’s, 432. - chlorine, and bromine, separation- sulpliide (?), 353.Iodine-green, 8 k .Ioclobromite, a ncw silver lialoi’d, 365.Ioclosalicjlic acids, 928.lotlosulphntes of tlie quinine alkalo‘ids,Ioiis, transference of, 193.Itdian beans, observations on tlietlamugc caused bg tlic tcan inswt,552.Iridio-platinum, alloy of, 774.-- preparation of, 772.Iri lium, at.omic weight of, 125.I_ d p d - , double salts of, 125. - pure, preparation of, 773.Iro3 albuininatcs, 170. - aniulgain, 693.- amidonitrosulpliidc, 597.- phoqdiorus in, 1074.- cast, cryst& extracted from, byrt,lier or pet.roleuni, 771.-- enamel for, 755.__ finely-divided, magnetic behariour- gases in, 437. _- heated with phosphoric acid, 93.- industry, estimation of sulpl~ur inthc productu of, 9 i 4 - rnallcable, a t the Paris Exhibitionof 1878, 679. - manganiferous pig-, preparation of,735. - rnmufactiire, Blzir’s process for,89. - meteoric nickeliferous, report onthe researches of S. Meuuier relativeto, 905.- natiye carburetted, art,ificial pro-duction of, 693.-- from Ovifak, 892.-- of Greenland, 892.-- - of Greenland, origin of, 893.- ores, direct Ireparation of wrought-- - estimation of sulphur in,on, 1035.cyanate, 973.832.and estiniation of, 670.982.imcicnt, analysis of, 1074.of; 1000.iron and ste.el from, 409.97 1..Iron, pssagc of tlie galvanic current- liiiospliorus iii, 90. - ~ijroplioric, 119.- llig-, clepliospliorisatio17~tioi~ of, 1075.- pl:ttes, action of sea water on, 564.red hot, action of thc vapour ofpotassium or sodium hjdrl~te on, 887. - rcdiiced by hydrogen, 887.- rciuarkable speciineii of silicon,- s d t s in tea, detection of, 85 1..-- - reaction of sdicjlic acid with,- smelting in the cupola furnace, 564.- spccular, pliysicd and clierniculchangcs which i t undergoes whensrndlted in the cupola for the Bes-scnwr process, 840.~ spongy, and animal cliarcoal asI~in[ei.ials for purifying ma ter, 343.- sulphate, a iiew vai-iety of (luckite),901.- sulpliides, action of etlter on, 771.- surface, new method of producinga coating of iiiagiietic oxide on, 8l.O.~ wliite pig-, specitic gravity of, 840.__ wrought, direct preparation of-- direct process for innking,-- enamel for, 753.- and alumina, acid sesquisulphate of,L9-k.- mid eliromium, sesquisulpliates of,594.- and copper pyrites, ncm process fort l r r treatment of; in the d r ~ way, 568.- and maiigaiiese, sesquisulphate or,594.__ and silver, eulpliide of, from An-tlrcasberg, 44.0.Iroit-glaiice, magnetic pscudomoyph:ift<r, 363.Jroi;ctone, Cleveland, pliosplioriis in, 90.lsatiii, 937.- action of ammonia on, G3.- chloride, 535. - broiit-, chloride, 936. - constit,ution of, 937.- tleoxgirtiido-, 63. - tlerirntires, 937._- dianiido-, dcriratives of, 63.- nitro-, 938.- oxLninido-hgdro-, 63.- os?.diiinido-niarnido-, 63. - spthesis of, 531..- test for, 937. - and allid conipounda, action ofIsutin;miide, diliydro-, 63.Isat i-opiu :wid, 3’79.t Ilrorl~ll, 686.20-1..743.froin iron ores, 409.565.phospliorus pentachloride 011, 535INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 1141Isethionic arid, pi*epnmtion of, 777.I s o a m ~ l c t ~ h ~ l ~ u l p l i o ~ i e , 38.Iso-angelic :icid, 706.Isobutaldeh3.de, action of potassiuni car-bonate on, 520.Isobut:ine, action of broniinc on, 302.- hesahroni-, 302.Tsobutyl alcohol, action of zinc cli!oridc- thixrtate, boiliiig point of, 786.- di-isobutyl-filvox~late, 47.Isobut~Iformaniitle, 139.Isobiit ylfornianilide, 13!).Isobut,ylformic acid (inactive valericacid) and its salts, 139.on, 1019.-- h ~ d r o r y - , 140.Isobutylmiinc, di-, 703.- tri-, boiling point of, 704.Isobut~lene, actiori of oxidking agmts- nilroso-di-, preparation of, 704.Isobutgric acid and plithalic anh~dridc,action of sodium acetate on, 216.Isocholiistcrin, specific rotatory powerIsocymcnc (paramet,lylcumene), 614. - sulplioiiic acids, 624.Isodiplienic acid, and its salts, 166.-- con>tit.ution of, 536.Isodipyridine and its salts, 264.Isodulcite, 40.- sodium, 946.Isoheptjlic acid from P-Iicxsl ioclidc,Tsohexic acid, 458.Isoindolc, 252.- action of hjdriodic acid on, 252.1som:ilic. avid, 618.lsomcris~n in thc propjl or tri-carbonIsomorpliism, use of, for the determina-Tsopriitane, action of bromine on, 303.Isophthdic acid, 536.-- a-hytlroxy-, 795. -- P-hydroxy-, 793.IPopropjl tliiacttt&,e, boiling point of,Isopropglacetjlene, 134.Isoprop~lgl~cocoll (arnido-isobutjl-for-Tsopropjls, stanno-, 918.Isopurpurin, :nithra~,urpririn, and flavo-Iso~uccinic acid, s y i i t h i s of, 783.Isoxjhcxic acid, 459.on,'908.of, 634.140.series, 127.tion of atomic weiglit.~, 769.786.niic) acid, 1.M.purpurin, actual relations of, 043.J.Jacobsi tr, 23.Japanese wax, 1037.J triiialcm artichoke, cat boliydmtes of,7 i s .K.Kcllin, 10 kl.&tone froin tlibromttliylene, 120.&!ones, new mode of formatiotl of,lcoji, prcpriration of, 413.liino, l ~ a l a h r , 159.- red, 159.Iiino';n, 159.- constitution of, 160.Iireunerite, 898.5".L.Lactic acid, action of phosphorus pcnta-free, in milk, cstinintion of,rnonocliloro-, from glFcericsulpliidc on, 46.750.acid, 521.------ monosulpho-, 45. .occurrelice and origin of, in --tlie animal body, 1'76.L;ictoglucoae, 137.Lactose, sodium, 410.La~trtca Catladensis, milk-juice from,Lnctucurjum, 1041.Lact ucerii I , 1041.Lactucic acitl, 1041.Lactucin, 101.1.Lactucoiie, 468. - liFdrocarl)on, CI4Hz, from, 469.Lact ucopic~in, 1041.LEV ulinic acid and acetopropiorlic acicl,idcntit.~ of, 453.Lqqetta furiofpra, examination of, 860.LaUewetif in ZCrrica, seeds of, 822.Lampblack, anal~scs of, made from t l ~ cnatuml hydrocarbon gus of the Ohiopetroleum region, 97.Land, irrigated, agricultural experi-ments on, 825.Lanthanum chlorostannate, 601.- distribution of, 693.Laurent's '' caminaphths," 466.Laurocernsus, chemical nature of theLava from Il;tna, 904.Lavez rock in the Upper Engudiii, 25.Law of molecular volumes, 197, 198.Law of multiple prol~ortion, proof of,- peculiar to metallic ferrocpiidcs,1041.essence of, $19.691.8301142 1XL)EX OF SUBJECTS.Lead, estimation of, as lead iodate,- estimation of traces of, 492.- Keith’s process for desilvering andrefining, by electrolysis, 288,410.- presence of, in bismuth subnitrate,80. - yaw, Keith’s process for desilveringand refining, by electrolysis, 288, 4.10. - chloride, action of salts, 1009. -- action of sulphuric acid on,-- electrical properties of, 427. - ferricganide, 702. -- with lead nitrate, 702. -- with lead oxide, 703. - potaAsium ferricyanide, 702, 703. - sulphate, action of ammonia on,-- action of certain acids on,-- action of salts on, 1009. -- decomposition of, by sodium- - cstirnrttion of, without filter-- sulphide, action of selenium on,- and antimony, alloys of, 889. - and copper, double selenides of,- and tin alloys, behaviour of, withLeaves, absorption of water by, 819.Lecithin, detection of, 835.- digestibility of, 814. - in beer-yeast, 811.Lecture experiment, use of Hempel’slamp for illustrating silver assay as a,402.484.1006.1010.1006.chloride, 124.ing, washing, and drying, 481.771.441).vinegar, 9‘30.Leidjite, 606.Lemon, examination of distilled essence- trees, stopping the gum exudationLeucanilinc, para-, 384, 385.Leucelnes, 544.Leucine obtained by the action of barjtaLeucines, 544.Leucitophyr of Lake Averno, 609.Leucophane, crystal form and twin for-Leucorosolic acid, 59.l,evulin, 778.Lcvulinic acid, oxidation of, 523.Levulose, sodium-, 449.Life, conditions of, of the lower orga- *- of t h e microzoa, relation of oxygenLight, action of, on silver chloride, 694.of, 386.of, 821.on albumin, 544.mat ion of, 442.nisms, 664.to, 953.Light, behaviour of carbohydrates to-wards chromates under tge influenceof, 911.- beliaviour of gums towards chro-mates undcr the influence of, 911.- coloured, influence of, on tlieevaporation of u-ater, 863.-- influence of, on the yield of beet-sugar, 1047.- polarised, influence of teniperatureon thc deviation pf, by solutions of in-vcrted sugar, 832.- reflected by potassium pcrmanga-L;,qristrum ibotu, constituents of, 330.Linic, burned, vn1u:ition of, 4.00. - solubility of, in water, in referenceto tlie prescription for Aqua yhaje-dcenica, 491.Limonin, 730.- and columbin, supposcd identity of,Liquid bodies, expansion of, 1002. - heterogeneous, distillation of, 875.Liquids, conduct,iTity of, for lieat, 1001.- distillation of, under the influenceof static electricity, 997. - electromot,ive force produced b jthe flow of, through tubes, 998.- sprctroscopic investigation of theconstitution of, 101.__ &tidy of tlie molecular constitutionof, by means of their coeficicnt of di-latation, specific heat, and atomicweight, 875.nute, 4.25.730.Liquorice, glucoside of, 727.Lithia-mica from Paris (Maine), Ro-zcna, and Linnwald, 23.Lit,liiophilite, 891.- analysis of, 695.Lithium, estimation of, 830.- in the earths and water of theSolfntara, at Puzzuoli, 33.- chrornak, 299.- diehromate, 899. - picrate, 789.Litmus, substitute for, 553.Lobster’s flesh, phospliorcscence of, 665.Logwood, test for, in tea, 854.Lotur-bark, 73.Loturidine, 73.Loturine, 73.Luakite, a new variety of iron sulphate,Ludwigite, 364.Lupigcnin, 4.65.Lupinin, a new glueoskle, 46’7.1,utco-chrominm CoInpounds, 124,.Lutidine, oxidatioll of, 265.LJ-0116, a new thiclieiiing material, 187.901IXDEX OF SUBJECTS.1 14-3JTanganese, estimation of, especially iniron alloys, 341. - new method for separating ferricand aluminium oxides from, 1055. - separation of ferric oxide and alu-niina from, 970. - separation of, from zinc, 1055. - volumetric estimation of, 277.- alloys, 186. - amalgam, 693. - dioxide, artificial, 600. - peroxide battery, 1. - steel, 567.- sulphate, a new natural (mallar-dite), 901. - and aluminium, sesquisulplmte of,595.~ and chromium, sesquisulphates of,594.- and iron, sesquisulpliate of, 694..Msnganosite from Langban, Sn edenManganous ellloride, action of perman-- serpentine from Langban, 32.Mannitol, nitro-, conditions of its explo-- nitro-, preparation of, 777.- action of phosphorous pentachlor-Mannitotetrachlor-liexine, 917.~~snnityl-hexsiilphuric acid and itsMannityl-tetrasulphuric acid, 2034.Manure, Chili saltpetre as a, for bilrler,- conversion of rags and hair into,- effect of, on crops, 826.- experiment. with bone-meal super-phosphates, 959.- potassium salts as, 826.- artificial, 1050.605.ganate on. 206.sion, 777.ide on, 917.salts, 1034.1051.859.efkct of, on the growth of-- estimation of phosplloric acid-- experiments with, 958.Manuring, experiments on, 1050.- influence of time of, in beet culti-Marble, imitdtions of, from glue, 996.Mare’s niilk, composition of, 550.Iiarsh-gas, detectiou of, in the air of-- and hydrogen, fractional corn-Meadow land, effect of artificial manuresIleal, detection of gypsum, heavy spar,Meat, preservation of, 996.--barley and meadow land, 828.in, 1052.T-ation, 825.mines, 673.bustion of, 747.011, 828.~ h . , in, 183.M.Magnesia as an antidote for arseniousMagnesium, estimation of, 069. - separation of, froiut he alkalis, 969.- volumetric estimation of, 1053. - carbonate, free, mixed, and com-bined, alkaline reaction of, 298.- chloride, action of, on calcium sul-phide, 1012. - metals, volume-constitution of thesulphates, selenates, and chromates of,768.acid, 77.- phosphide, 508.- silicate, alkaline reaction of, 298. - sulphate (epsomite), natural crjs-Magnetic behariour of finely-dirided- compounds of the formula- oxide, new method of producing aMagnetite from Monte Mulatto, s.- in dolerite, from Ovifak, 894.Maize, cultivation and preservation of,- preparation of brown-hay from,MaIabar kino, 159.Malachite-green, 84, 144, 312, 571. - - remarks on Doebner’s com-- - reply to the remarks of E.Maleic acid, 372. -- action of ethyl iodide on thesilver salt of, 223. -- bronio-, 373, 524.Malic acid, is+, 618.Mallardite, a new natural manganeseMalonic acid, benzgl-, 707. -- preparation of, 707, 782, 916.Malonic acids, substituted, 707.Malonyl urea (barbituric acid), 460.Malt, composition of grains from, 761. - nutritive value of, 1050.- liquors, estimation of sugar in, bgthe amnioniacal copper test, 1066.Malt test, 569.Malyl, relation of oxytetric acid and it8Man during sleep, consumption of oxy.Manganese determination, modificatior- distribution of, in ferro-mangallest- estimation of, 2’77, 716.tals of, of large size, 358.iron, 1000.R0.Fe203, 13.coating of, on iron surface, 841).Tyrol, 23.960.960.munication on, 787.and 0. k’ischer on, 787.sulphate, 901.homologucs to, 9.59.gen in, 75.of Bunsen’s method, 278.alloys, 286nleliseene, $82.nIcllissic acid, 782.Melting points of orgnnic mhstances,new method of determining. 673.Melting and boiling points of solid clc-mcnts, tliermo-clieniical relation bc-tween, 690.Membrane, an inorgai:ic siliceous, 199.Mercaptan, con~ersioii of aldehyde into,Mercurialinc (niethj lainine), 40.Mercuric clrloriotlide, 1017.- c!-nnir\e, ticcoinposition of, by rlilutcacids alone, and in presence of sodiumchloride, 106 t. - formation of, from mercurouschloride, 889.- iodide, 602, 772. -- meltiug point of, 889.- sulphate, action of haloid acids on,299. - sulphide, estimation of, withoutfiltering, washing, and drying, 480.Mercurous rhloride, action of canc-sugar and lime on, 889. -- formation of mercuric chlor-ide from, 889.Mercury, action of sulphuric acid onthe halo’id salts of, 299.__ aniinoniacal compounds of, 438. - decompositionof haloiid salts of, 694.- electrolytic estiniation of. 976. - mec.hsnicd piwilication of, 225. - prcsenee of, in the mineral waters- production of rotatory movenients- purification of, 508, 602. - cyanide, action of bromine on, 721. - di-iodidc, effect of heat on, 498. - sulphidc, rapour-density of, 767. - and hydrochloric acid gas, reaction&Iesitylene, 527, 623.hlcsitylenic acid, /?-nitro-, and its salts,-- @-nitro-, melting point of, 248. - - a-nitro-, and its salts, 155. -- substitution-products of, 155.Mesitylenic acids, a- and P-amido-, and7- a- and @-bromo-, and theirMesitol, 529.-- dibrorno-, 529. - monobronio-, 529.Metabenzdioxjanthraquinone, 68.Metallic bromides, anhydrous, action of- chlorides, vapour-densities of some,- fcrrocjanides, law peculiar to, 830.4.51.of Saint-Sectaire, 697.in, 102.between, 298.156.their salts, 156.salts, 156.chlorine on, 770.1013.JZetnlli~ fi-:igrncnts, anaIFsis of, fromPeru-\i:rn tombs :it .incon (Lima), ,409.- oxides, crjstallin:~, formation of’,by means of potassium cynide, 1016. -- preparstion of finely-divitled,184. - phosphidrs, 508.- salts, compoiinds of, with corn-pound aninioniPs, 3Sli.-__ dccomposition of, and cert,iininwrsc rcilctions w1iic.h take placc iripresciice of water, looti.-- galvanic properties of so!u-tions of, 863.- sulphidcs, action of ammoninc.:tIsalts on, and its applica,t,ion to niintrsilanalysis, 672.-- act.ion of organic solreiits on,771.-- attion of sclenium on, 7 i I .-- heat of formation of, XU.Metals, action of hcnt on, in a vacuuiri,1018.- ccrite, estimation of, in scheelite,696. -- examination of calcareousminerals for, 696.- coating wif.11 their oxides to guardthem ngsiiist, atinosplirric action, 563.- compounds of ethyl monoclhr-:wetoacetate with, 915.- dcconiposition of haloid acids by,589. - direct combination of cymogenwith, 909. - precious, stat.c in which thry existin miner&, rocks, and art.ificia1 p i O-ducts, 509. - rare, detection of, in pgrites flue-duet, 973.Metallurgy, copper, clectroljsis wed in,Metanit.mnisoi1, behayiour of, towardsMet auglenesulphamide, oxidation of,Mctaq loquinone, dibromo-, 530.Meteoric iron of Hungen, 366.- nickeliferous iron, report on theresearches of S.hleunier, relatire to,905.Meteorite from the ncighbourhood ofBerdjansk, 443. - of the eukeri+e group, 610.- of YsadAny, Temesviir, 609.- Zsadbny, 210.- Zsadbiiyer, analyses of, 397.Meteorites, erosive action of stronglycompressed hot gases, with referenceto the history of, 1024. - sporadosidercal, met tlllic granulesof, 609.760.aninionia, 528.53IYDES OF SUBJECTS. 1115Methacl*ylic acid, 616.Methaltlehyde, forination of, 219.Methane, action of bromine on, 302.Methosybutyramide, 523.Metlioxybutyric acid, normal, deriva-Methyl alcohol, action of zinc cliloritlc-- danger of employiiig, in cer--- estimation of, in wood-spirit,- - piire, preparation of, 520. -- roaction of potas~iiuii diT__- and water, heat-capacitj of- bromobutyrate, preparation of,- bromoterephth:ilate, 630.___ butyrate, plijsicill propertiors of,521. - chloride, liquid, density and cocfli-cient of expansion of, 294.-- and benzcnc, liydroca~bonsobtained by the action of alumiiiiumcliloritle on, 228. - n-clIloropropionate, phj sical pro-perties of; 521. - crototiate, pliyaical properties of,521. - dibenzoglplienylglycerate, actionof alcoliolic potilsli on, 645. - forniate, preparation of, 520.- hydrogen sulphate, $76.- liydroxyuvitnte, 531. - iodide, action of water on, 700.- isobutylformnte, 139. - inetlioxpbut? rate, 523. -- nionocl~lorocrotoiiatt., phgsia~l pro-- nitrogen chloride, 781. - paraligdroxvmesityleii~te, 643. - paratoluate, 038. - propionate, pliyaical properties of,- sulpliate, preparation of, 775.- tlii:icetntc, boiling point of, 786.Met lig 1 nl izarin, 635.Methj laininc, 40.- action of, on acetone, 1038. - act ion of, on aurin, 936.Methj lanilinc manufacture, homologoustertiary diamines obtaincd in, 786.Methjl-blue, 416.~ l c t ~ l i y l b r o i n l i ~ d r o ~ ~ a n t hraquinone, 635.IlilctliSlcarbopyrrolic acid, 525.Blethylcrototiic acid, 617. -- liydriodo-, 618.Mcthyldiac,etoiiamine, and its salts,Methj lctliylacctic acid, 618.tives of, 523.on, 49, 1029.tnin industries, 335.4.87.iodide with, 595.mixtures of, 688.523.pcrties of, 521.521.1035, 1036.YOL. XXXVI.~~ethyleth?.lsulphone, 39.1CIetIiylliydrox~~1lt)iraquinonc, 635, 656.Met hosy propjl beneoat e, UX3.Methylprop1 carbinol, prel~ared bysptlicsis, 102,9.RIe t 11)- 1 1)s rrol , 5 2G.Metliplrou:~nilinepicratc, 84.R~etliyliunbclliferonc, 721.Mica, behaviour of, at liigli t,einpcm-tures, 772.Micas, two, intergrowth of, irom Mitl-dletown, Connecticut, 363.Microline (aniqzonstoiic) froiu Pike’sPeak, Colorado, 515.Slicrosoiiimite, cliciuical coniposit ion of,607.hficrozon, relation of osjgeii to the lifeof, 933.Jfitilrite, 338.Milk adulteration, tletection of, 1068.- amount of solids in, 490. - cow’s. nucle’in froni, 735. - estimation of free lactic acid in,- f’r~iii cows of different. nices, 7.1.!). - Mai*cli:mtI’s method of doterinining- in:ire’s, composition of, 530. - new a i d rapid inet,liod of :~naljsie,- occurrence of bacteria in, 817.- of the cow-trec, composition of,- testing of, for starch-powilcr, 67 I.. - fat., qimitit,ntire cstiiuiition of,1068. - ~11giir, reductioii of cupric osideby, 217.Jliiieral :inalpis, use of ammonincal saltsi i i , 672. - locality, new and remnrknblc, wit11a dcsci-iption of several neiv speciesoccurring there, 891.new, occ~irrcnces in the iron-oredistrict of ,Iloraricza, iii thc Bmut,363. - spring, “ Ifaricnbrunncn,” ne:irIsedoh n, Westpl kiiliit, 2 1 1. -- of “ ’l’enniiiger B:d,” Soin-riser Tobcl, Grisoiis, 33.___ sl~riiigs of‘ Passugg, Yolis, and Tie-fenliarten, 126.- tanning, 100.- watcr of a colliew, curioiis conere--- of Rosheiin in Als:ice, anal: --- Ofner Rklhczy, 211.- waters of ;luwrgnr, 4-16. -- of Wudn-I’csth, 125.750.butter in, 675.80.i 3 .-t,ion balls derived friin, 102 L.sis of, 698.of Saint-Nectairc, prca~lice of -~mercury in, 697.41146 IKDES OF SUBJECTS.Mineral waters of the Couban, in theMinerals, application of Gaudin's atomic- calcareous, ex:miuation of, for- did j mi fwou s, m easurcnien t of a b-- occisring with metallic iron i n tlie- phosphtic, corn posit ion of, 839.IIiiies, dctection of marsh-gas in tlic air3: io-Mi0 (Bnccharis cordlyolia), a h -3lirabilitc from Aussee, 23.Illispickel (arsenical pyrites), cliemicala n d crjstdlograpliical examinatiou of,900.Molasses, beet-root, ~)rcsence of nitrils intlic distillate obtained by the calcina-tion of residues front, 612.- distillcrics, artilicinl jeast f x , 107%- i*cco\ CTV of' sugar from, 8.11..Molecular I-;cssure, illumiuation of the- roluiiies, law of, 197, 198, 430.-- weiglite, new, froin aSsorpt,ion ofSlolecules, ti::ijcctory of, 373. - of liquid u.ater, cliiitaiice betwxn31o:iiwolite, 29.Mot loclilorhyhic, action of ainnioiiia o:~,- action of pot,assiuni cyanide 011,- nction of trinietltylaiuine on, 1031.Monoclilorhyclrins, 1029.Moiioc?-ILiili?iClrin, 1032.iXonodifcrric Fhosphatc, 202.Mononietl ~ ~ l g l ~ c e ~ t i i i i n e , 1031.Monoi~aplitl~~lcarba~nide, 723.Monopu'"ntidudiniethJ.lpll)lieii~l-osamide,Moiioplieu ylnrAinic acid, action of, onMonophenjltrietliyl-arseniurn iodide,Monosulpholactic acid, 45.3lordant for 'I'urliey-red dyeiug, 187.Morpliii ic, absorption-spectra of, in solu-tion, 269.- act ion of iodic acid, sulphoinolj-b-dic acid, aiitl f'ewic chloride on, 70. - colour reaction with antimony tri-chloride, 831.Mosmiclrite, crystal system of, 608.Mo~aiitli*iurn, thc supposed new element,12, 117.Mo t,lier of pearl, artificial, nianufacturcof, 9%.Chicasus, 125.theory to certain, 602.ceritc metals, 696.sorption-spectra of', 627.dolcritc from Orifnk, 894.of, Gi3.lo'id of, 1045.lines oi, 573.gases b j c l i a i w d , 500.t,lie, 194.1031.1032.627.aiiiinals, 476.162.' I Moto," prepmition of, 414.3lucic acid, deliydro-, 583.-- deli?dro-, action of sodium--- dehydro-, two new acids from-- dcriratires of, 783.3I~lcilngc of hcct. ($60.i\I ucoLi*oinic acid, and its salts, 224.-- hromo-, 224.-- relation of dibromopgromucicJIiwobroak aldehyde, 928.3Iucon;c. acid, cliloro-, 917.RlulhPrry tree, tliwase of, 821.3liiltiple proportiou, proDf of tlie law of,Mitreride, a,vnthcsis of, 375.Jlust, iicration of, 4.92.- 1i.rinei~tntion of, 993.amalgam oil, 783.783.acid to, 918.691.N.Sngpgitc, 898.N~l>lit~lii~lt:i~~~, action of plitlialic anliy-dride on, 9-10.- azodibroniosi~lpliox~lbenze~ie, di-- bromo-, nitration of, 721.- broino-, ositlt~t~ion of, 807.- colour reaction uitli antimony tri-- colour-reaction of, with bir;iuutli- diiii t robrorno-, ' 7 3 .__ nitro-, nitroplitlidic acid from,-_ nitro-, oxidatioii of, '722.- tricliloro-, new, 722. - <-tricliloro-, 723.- ti.iiiitrvbi.onio-, 722.Nal~lltl~:licn~~-/;'-sul~,l;onic acid, dicliloro-,and its GiLItP, 722, 723.N3l~litli~ciie-,~-~iiIplioiiic chloride, actionof clilorin:: 011, 72%.-- tlic.llloro-, 72::.-- tctrii<.iiloride of, 723.-- tctracliloride of, constitutionKaplitlialide, bronuccto-, 165.- clilJl.olll:lc.et 1 ) - , 165,p-~;nplitliiiiiirlo-:ic:ct;it:~.4.8.lJ-_\.:~~~litliiiiiic[Oi!lliidCL 11) (Irwlilm*idc, 48.lJ-S:ipli t liiiiiido-ct!ijl-ei licr Ii~droclilor-p- S:r 1 j11 t 1 I i n d o - i aobi i t pi - rt I wr, .IS./J-Sa:)litliiiiii~lo-ir;o!.Jut? I-et1ii.r 1 i ~ d r ~ ) -OX?--, 317.chloritlc, 831.tricliloridc, 831.64 1..a- and Ij-~l~~pl~thi~lcnerli;l~~liilc. 235.of, 723.iclc, ,1H.cli!oyidc, '1sISDES CiF SUTiJECTS. 1147Kaphtliol, amidodiimido-, 251.-- amiclodiimido- clironmte, 251.- aniidodiimido- hydrocliloride, 251. - azobenzene- /3-sulphoxgl-, 316. - triamiclo- staririosocliloride, 251. - triamido- sulphate, 261.-- t.rinitro-, 250, 722. - trinitro-, constitutional formula of,a- and /3-nnpht,hol, metazosulphoxyl-@-Naphthol, a~onaplithalenesulphosyl-,- hnlogen-derivatives of, 722.__ monobronio-. 722.P-Naphtliolsrilphonic acid, parazosul-pliosylb~~r~zene-, 316.Naphtlionitril, chlorination of, 721.Naphthopicric acid, and seine of its de-Napli t 1 I? lam i ne et 11 gl- 147.Saplitliylarsinic acid, 68.NaplltliSlcnrbamides, 723.~ a p l i t ~ l i ~ l - ~ ~ l i o ~ ~ ~ h o r o u s acid, 67.Nurceine, t ~ l o ~ r reaction with antimonytricliloritlc, 832.Karcotinc, colour reaction with antimonytricliloride, 831.Baringin, 4li8.Sascentl state, 864.Nephcline, clieniiciil composition of, 606.- rock of Meiclies in the Odenwald,St?tt,lc,, analTsis of, 821.Nickel, complex ortitles of, 507.- detection of, 179. - estimation of, by precipitation as- nialleahlc, preparat,ion of, and its- inetalluygy of, 285.- separation of ferric oxide and alu-- separation of zinc from, 276.- h~dratc, estimation of, wit,houtfiltering, w~shing, :lid drying, 481. - oxide, Ni301, 2'39._I and cobalt sulphates, chemicalequivalence of, 876.Nicotine, 731. - action of hydyiodic acid on, 731. - action of hydrochloric acid on, 731. - action of sulphur on, 732.-_. derivative, a new, 736. - osidatiou of, 732. - oxidation product,s of, 808.- preparation of, &08. - reaction with aiitimony trichloride,- and zinc, doublr chloride of, dis-251.benzene-, 316.316.rivatives, 230.607.oxa,late, l031.application in the pure statc, 563.mim from, 970.- amdgaJn, 693.831.tillation of, with soda-lime, 809.Xicotinic acid, 808. -- action of phosphorus penta-chloride on, 809.Nile, M-aters of, amount of nitric wid in,905.Niobates, analysis of, 12.Sitracetoparaylick, 52.Kitratcs, estiniation of, in very dilute- in sugar-beets, S26.Kitre, loss of, in the vitriol manufacture,Nitric acid, amount of, in the waters of-- estimation of, 79. -- ostiriiutioii of, as ammonia,, 79.-- estiuiation of, by potassium-- estimation of, in well water,-- quaiititative spcctroscopicalNitric oxide, ac.tion of, on blood, 817.-- action of potassium pyrogallol-- densit7 and decomposition of,Nitrification, 1046.A'itrils, conversion of, into imides, 46.- prebencc' of, iii the distillate ob-tained by the calcination of residuesfrom bcet-root Inolasscs, 612.Sitritcs, formation of, in thc soil, 737.Nitro-alizarin (idizurin-orango) , 81.Kitrogci!, atluosylieric, absorption of, by- estimation of, 961.- estimation of, in organic bodies, 80. - estimation of, in the analysis of- estimation of, in urine, 829. - modification of Sirupoou's method- presence of, in steel, 1017. - quantity of, which must be sup-plied to plants to ensure theirnoriiisl development as field crops,668.solutions, 1062.838.the Kile, 903.dichrornnte, 399.274.cstimat ion of, 829.011, 1012.195.plants, SlS.agricultural products, 962.for estizating, 554.- supplx of, to plants, 739.- acids, behaviour of, iritli sulphuric- chlorides, substituted, 780._I iodide, 882. - tctroxide, absorption spectra of-- action of sulphuric acid 011,- carbon, and hydrogen, simultane-Nitroglycerol, 1032.jSitromannitc, conditions of its explosion,acid, 770.191.770.ous determination of, 8178.777.4 i 1148 IKDNX OF SUBJECTS.Nitromannite, explosion of, 1080.--4 preparation of, 777.Kitrometcr, 79.Nitrophthalic aldehyde, 722.Nitrosothiohydanto'in, and its salts,712.Nitrosyl-silrer, action of, on organicbodies, 309.1Jitrosylbulphuric wid, behaviour of,with sulpliuric acid, 771.-- prepantion of, 383.Kitrotolrieiic, com~nerci:~l, presence ofmctnnitrotolurne in, 623.Nitrous acid, detection and estimationof, in potable waters, acids, tie., 964. -- estimation of, 79. - - oxidation of, by ozone and by-- prcparation of, 200.Xitrous anliyclride, existence of, in theXontronite, 31.North Sea, results of the Nornegian ex-Norwegium, a new metal, 890.Norwegian expedition to the North Sea,Nucle'in, digestibility of, 814. - from COR'S milk, 735. - in beer-J-ea st, 8 1 1.Kumeite, a new jewel, 184.moist oxygen, 9.gaseous state, 502.pedition to, 1060.results of, 1060.0.Oenanthylic acid and its salts, 1037.Oil of wine, 615. - Turlicy-red, analysis of, 984.Oils, determination of free acids in,-- testing lubricating-, 292.Oil-seeds, adrantages of only partiallyOlefines, action of osidising agents on,- reactions of the halogen-compoundsOlives, proper time for pressing, 1080.Orange, analjsis of, 10 19.a-Orcendialdehyde, 720.fl-Orcendisltlrhj de, 720.a-OrcendialdcI~~de~l~ai~ilidc, 720.Orcin.See Orcinol.Orcinol, aldehydes from, 719. - pa'"zosulplioxSlbenzene, 316. - trinitro-, preparation of, 717.Orcylaldehyde, 720.Orcylaldehyde anilide, 720.Ores, falil-, extraction of4C6.removing the flit in, 99.907.of, 31..silver from,755.Ores, method of removing phofphoric- treatment of, containing silver ant1Organic acid, ;t new, from brornocitr.3-Orgitnic acids, action of phosphorus-- monohasic, amidines ant1Orgiinic base, a new, in the animal__ bases, compoiinds of, with mcr-- compounds, actioa of nitrosyl--- containin,rr halogens or nitro--- higli-boiling, 5 apour-densit ics-__ solid, specific gravity tlcter-Organic mattel., estimation of, in naturalOrpnism, animal, behsviour of phenol-- osid:itions in, 814.-- syntliesrs in, 814.-- - bell;)\ iour of ainnionirinichloride in, 830. - of warm-blooded animals, inflirencaeof the temperature of the snrroirntl-ing air on the processes of decompo>i-tion in, 7.5.Organs of animals, healthy, existenceof bacteria or theii* gernis iii,1045.acid from, 91.copper, 496.conic acid, 1037.pentasulphide on. 45.thianiides of, 922.organism, 7 2 .curic chloride, 231.silver on, 309.gcn, analysis Qf, 555.of certain, 1025.minations of, 610.u aters, 976.in, 816.Orthocrcsol, 323.Orthocrcsdplithale'in, 634.- bromiiic derirntiies of, 635.- cliacetjl and dibenzoql derix atiwsOrthocresolphtlialidein, 636.Orthocresolpl~t~~alidin, 635.Ortliocrcsol~~htl~:~liii, 635.Ortlioform~lglucoside, or helicin, syn-Orthonaphthnj lbenzoic acid, 940.Orthophthalic acid, hpciroxy-, 795.-- - ine thox y -, 793.Orthosc, artificial crystallisation of,Orthosulphobenzoic acid, 620.Orthotoluenesulphonaniide, oxidat ion of,Orthotolplenediamine deriratives, 715.Orthoxjlenc, 655.-- separation of, from its isomerides.Oxalic acid, action of potassiuni ptrman--- not poisonous (?), 335.of, 635.thesis of, 1038.359.628.919.gaiiate on, 205, 353IXDEX OF SUBJECTS.1149Oxaniide, diethyl-, action of phosphoruspentachloride on, 784. - di-isobiityl-, from commercial tri-niethylaniine, 918.I_ dipropyl-, from commercial tri-methj-lamine, 912. - thiodiethgl-, 784.Oxidat,ion, rapid, new application of, bywhich sulpliides are utilised for fuel,755.Oxidcs, crystalline metallic? formationof, by ineatis of potassium cyanide,1016.Ox-iinido-et,lier, 47.0 x-iiniclo-ether, hydrochloride of, 47.Oxindole, aceto-, 937.__ aceto-, action of soda on, 937. - nitro-, 938.Oxvadipic iicid, prcpxrntion of, 706.~ ~ - O x ~ a i i t l i r ~ I i ~ ~ o i i e , 383./3-Oxyanthrnflnvone, 384.Oxyantlirasi~ntliin, 38L.Oxy an t 11 rii q uinon e, monace t y 1-, 654.Oxyanthl.ayiiinoncs, tri-, 942.Oxyatitlirarufin, 239.- coitstitution of, 942.Oxgbenzyl nlcohola, Itomo-, xylenols,ligdros~toliiic aldehydes and acids,alcohol- ant1 a1dt:ltytlc-hydroxybeiizoicacids, and hydroxyphthalic acids, rela-tion bet,weeii, 924.Oxjchiiioliiiccur~~~xplic acid, 472Oiychi:\sazin, 942.Oxyciiiclionic wid, 452.Oxcgeii, estiination of, in blood, 835.- evolution of, by plants in situlight,- phot.ograplied spectrum of, 497. - polari$ation, clianges in tlic susfaceof' pl:~t itiuiii :ind palladium pi*oduced- prtwnce of dark lines in t,lie soliirspectrutn, n.liicli correspoiid closelywit,li the lines of the spectwin or,997. - rc:htion of, to the life of the mi-crowii, 953.___ rclatire affinity of, for cslrbonicoxide :ind Ii>-clrogen, 436. - Scliiitzciibergcr's process .€tor tlieroluiiwtric estiuiakioii of, in water,5 7.819.b?, 1005.- spcctriini, 4.97, 861.- trnsion ot, in arterial blood, 811.- and t,hc lialogens, reciprocal d i splac(~n1etlt~ 01; 351. - uiid the l~dogens, relative atlinikiesof, 351. - sulpliui., and the halogens reci-procal displacenient~ between, wliciicoinbined witli hydrogen, 296.Oxjheptio acid, homologues of, 45 3.Oqhexic acid, 459.Osjkctones, synthesis of, 319, 638. - synthesis of, by introducing acidradicles into phenols, 319.Oxymalonpl-urea (dialuric acid), 460.Oqy mesitylenic acid, constitution of,247.a-Oxynaphthoic acid, actioti of diazosul-phobenzoic acid on, 317.Oxypentic acid, 458.Oxyplienylacetic acid, 322.- -- nitro-, 322.Oz;~phenyltliiocarbi~i~e, 314.'Osypproluecuzonic acid and its salts, 710Oxypyrornetazonic acid, 708.Osytetric acid, 438.- -- and its homologues, rela-tion of, to malyl and other radiclcs ofthe bibusic acids, 459.dinitro-, 322. --Ozokerite, 896. - cornposiition of a nodule of, foundOzone, 8, 435. - from pcrmanganate and oxslicacid, 353. - formation of, by hydrocarbons,592.at Kinghornness, 1030-P.Peonia Moutan, 306.Paonia pereyrina, chemistry of, 1043.Palladium, atomic Iteat of hydrogen in- changes in the surface of, produced- spccitic lieat and l d e n t heat ofPalslclla w i i e i i t a , colouring mtttter of,Pdmellin, 1042.-- decompositioit of, 1042.Pancreatic digestion, 814.Papvcrtnc, new test for, 10G7.- rowtion with antinrony 4richloride,832.Paper for piginenf or carbon photo-grnplty, 560.- quuiititative estimation of starclii u , 180..- resin-sizing of, 994.Par.~ 's proccss ibr estiination of sugar,557, 831.P a d m i i c acid, constitution of, 620.-- ditoljl-, 51.--- oxidation of, 62.l'arachlorohenzyl chloride and bromide,Paracresol, 789.iks combination witli, 590.by oxSb.eii-polariszltioii, 1005.fusion of, 294.1042,621150 IYDEX OF SUWFLTS.P:trncrcaol, action of bromine on, 789. - tetriLbvomo-, 789.Par;ltlipIicnylbcnzene, 466.Yarafliiis, boiling. point,s of, 765.- nitration of derivatives of, 700.I’nraglobu 1 in , 472,Yar~hydros.Sszlic!-lic acid, 928.p:tramethylcumme (isocpcne) , 624.Para nuts, substance from, 950.ParaplicnSleiiediaiiiine.See Plienylene-Par~tpi.opylbenzeat.sulphonic acid, 631,Pai2propylpiieno1, 632.Parawsaniline, 385. - t,rimetliyl-, 9%.Parathionic acid, 777.hratoluamicle, 638.ParatoluatiiIitIe, 635.Paratolucne sulplij-draBo, action of sul-phuric monochloride on, 230.Paratoluic acid, fi38.Paratoluitlirie cobalt chloride, 4<61.Parat~ol~ldiplien~lnictliai~e, 385.Baratoly1eiiedi;tmine and its salts, 715.Paricine, 1043.Pear wine, 1078.P6c:liineg’s black ash process, 752.Pelagosite, G01.Pelletierine from pomegranate bark,170.Pennsylvanian petrolcum, crystallineproducts from, 309.Pentamotlivlbenzt:ne, 527.Pentamet hyletliol, 46.Pentatliionic acid, 1012, 1,013.Pentic acid, 45’7.Pentlsndite or pprrhotine in. doleritePconin, 926.Peptone, clicmicnl nature of, 660.- fibrin-, action of acetic anhydride011, 950. -- regeneration of albu.min from,Peptones, cliemicnl composition of, 811.Perbromination, 707.Yerchlorinatioii, 721.Petrocenr, 1026.Pet.roleLim, American, hydrocarbonsfroin, 44.7. -- unsaturated hydrocarbons re-sulting fiom the decompoeitiol~ of,1025_I- and Rassian, investigation of,1076.- Pennsp Iranian, crystalline pro-ducts from, 309, - spirit and benzene, characteristicdifferenees bet,ween, 1063.Plienaiitl~raquinonu, actioii of ammoniaon, i l 8 .diarnine.632.from Ovifak, 894.950.Plienant<hrene, colour reaction withant.imoiiv tricliloride, 831. - colour reaction with bismuth trl-chloride, 831.- cmstit,ntion of, 538, 633.- nitro-, and its derivatives, 941.- perclilorinntion of, 721.Phenantlireiieqitinone, 538.- prepamtioil of, 165. - and its iinide, constitution of, 33‘3.Phenanthrencquinoiiiin.ide, 539.Pheiletol, a-dinitro-. 717. - met an i t,ro-, 23 8.Phenol, action of friscd soda on, 633. - action of nitric acid 011,. 1.18.- bcliariour of, in tlie ani,nial orgm-I_ derivatives, licnt of formation of’,- distinctivc tests for, 182. - formation of aurin froin, 789.- formation of, from putrefying al-buntinoid matter, 1037. - azobenzeiiesulpliosyl-, 315. - (1 i benzoj-1-dini t ro-, 148. - d i b ronioni t yo- , 148.- a-dinitro-, preparation of ethers of,from a-diiiitro-cltlorobcrl;llenc, 7i6. - dinitro-aniido-, action of sods-solu-tioii on, 717.- B-diniti.oparabromo-, and it.s coin-I_ nietadi ni tro.- , s ul phiilc of, 7 1-1..- mctitnitro-, aiid its derivativcs,- inet,azosulpha~~lbe~i~zene-, 315.- orthanlido-, new colouring matter-- orthonitro-, deriratises of, 314. - parazosu~pliox~~beiizeiie-, 315. -- orthonitro-, 316. - percliloro-, cliloride of, 4.63.ism, 816.874.poI1ll~lE, 50.237.from, 884.tribromo-, 5.5, $89.bromide of, 7 17.- trinitro-, etliers of, 923.Phenolditli:iz;obcrizene, 1.18.a-l’l~eiioldis~ilplio~iic acid, derivatives ot’,Phenolglucoside, syntlicsis of, 1038.Phenolglycollie acids, 929.Phenolplitlia,le‘in, constitution of, 637.- conversion of d i p l i c i i ~ l p l i t l i ~ ~ l i ~ ~ ~ ~- use of, in ti,tmiion, 273.Phenols, action of some cliazosulphonic:- et,hcri,ficatiou of, 215.- dinitro-, 238, 9%.- nitro-, action of nitric acid on,-- three isomeric, lieat evoIw,Iby t,hc actioi.1. of‘ sodic o d e on: 765.--I_933.iiito, 637.acids on, 315.148ISDES OF SCBJECTS. 1151Y h e n ~ l ~ r o p ~ o n i c aiid plienylacetic acids,physiological rclntioiis of‘, 662.Phenoxypropionic acid, 6 l,?. -- nioiiobroino-, 6 42,l’lienyl-hpdrogcn sulp1iiit.e and siniilar- potassium siilpliatiA, 148.l’henjlscet ic mid ptimjlpropionic acids,l’hetiylacetiiiiidothi~t~li~l ether, 022.Phen.vlacetone, 5%.YhenylalIyl ether, a-dinityo-, $17.Phenylaniidacet.ic acid, 322.-~ actioit of pliospliorns pccta-chloride on, 352.Plieii\.lamitlopropioiiic acid (aniidolij-drocinnamic acitl) , 378.Pliei~~l-uni~aldeIiy~liiie, 23.13.Plienylarscnic acid, 161.1’Iien.l:irseiiiouR cliloride, 161.Ylianyl-beiiz:ildeli~dii~e nird its salts,Plienjlbenzoic acid and its salts, 161,.-- nitro-, lfjkl’lieiijlcliloritle, isocyano-, 805.Yhetiyluitiiiiii~~ic acid, 610.lJ1i~~ii~1~~~-niiaiiii~lt?, preparation of, from1’1 i e I IF Id i p 11 o s plio rosul 11 1 i o C:I I: boii ic acid,clerivat,ires of t h e phenols, 1 $8.plijGologicul relations of, 662.233-4.tnouo~~Ii~~ii~ltlrioc.nrb~~iiii~e,. 804.5’8.l’li~~ii~l-d~ir~.1-c~rho~l~l. 713.l’i ic*iiyIeiie-c.:irbaiiii~~~~, 31 ~1..l’li~ii~!eiiedi:iinine, P i l y i L - , 462.-~ cliloro-, l‘orm:itioti of, 144. -- -- ljibrll-, Iijtlrocliloi-itle, action- -. nic.tlijI-tle:.iYfltires of, 626.t I i t roc li loro -, 3 LO.Phenj.let 1iyr.l:~ttiiiie Itydrochloride, de-composition of, 922.Plienyletligl-stil~>liicle,.,37.P l i e n g l f ‘ t i r ~ u ~ ~ l d c l i ~ t l i ~ i ~ nnd its salts,Plieriplgl~ceric or styceric a d , G t l ~ ,PI] e I I 7 lglycol, hydrocarbon, Cl6l1 ?, from,l’lieiiylgl~os~lir. acaitl.G 18.__- nitiicles of, GW. -- iicw inetliod of prepnring,Plien,vlmercaptan, bromo-, 803.~’licii~lniercal)tiirir, acitl, bromo-, 803.__- broino-, action of alkalis on,803.-- bronio-. action of hgdrocltlo-ric or dilute sulpliuric ilcitl on, 803.Plienplnnplitlialene, coloiir reaction wi t~liant imonv t ricliloride, 83 1.of bleacliiiig-gou.tlcr on, 4i%.--P l l e n ~ l c t l l ~ l ~ u l p l i ~ l l c : 39.235.645.327.323.Yltthnlein, &ion of nitric acid 011, (3%.I Plithtilic acid, nitro-, 728.Phenjl n-&nitro-phenate, 717.Phcn~lr~l~osr~hine, yeactions of, 528.PI ien y 1 s nl 111 i i d e , ct iloron It ro- , 231.____ nietatlinitro., 230.Plienq.lt,liioca~baniic acid, 5.k.Plicn~ltliiocnrbi~~iicle, wtioii of S U ~ ~ ~ I U -Philippitun, 116, 204.l’h i 1 li 1x4 t e f roin 8 irgw i t z, twin -forms-Plilobiipltcncs, 979.Pliloroglucinol, ‘33.1.~ oxiclation of rcsorcinol to, 633.- sptliesis of, 638.- \t-eselsliy’s rcact.ion fcr, 070. - tiiiiitro-, aiid its salts, 67.- t rinihuso-, 57.- tnniiiiia, detection of, 079.l’liorone, immei?iclc of, 526;PliosKcnite froin Monte Yoiii, Sardinia,.Pliosphatcs, lwoccm for enriching, -190.- st tidies of the, Pol.Phosphatic minerals, composition of,Pliosphen~l cliloritle, liomologue of, 52ii:l’liospliiclcs, metallic, 508.Phosphoric acid, estitnation of, 966.-- estiiiint.ion or, as iliiitiioiiiui:i-- estiniation of, as plioxplio-- -- cstiriiation of, in artifici:il-- estiiiiation of, in fish girnnc:-- ii?soluhle, in sui)crpliosplintc,-- method of iymoving, frui:1-__ qunnt.it,nt ire spcthtroxcopic.:: I-- r : h o of, to s i i p ~ , in tlie rot.+-__ separation of, froin its snli.,-- soluble, estiniat.ion of, in st:-P l i o ~ l ~ l i o r t i ~ iii ancient, j i - o t i . 10t 1.. -- ir t c I pl osi v tproduct of‘s solutioii of, !)%,- in C‘lcvclaiid iiwtistuiie ;id in i i v i ,90. - selnmtion of, in open lieartii,pddliiig fiiriiace, aiitl Besseiiier COI I -TC1 ter.185.ric aiili~dridc on, 312.tion of, 5L5.ci0.l..839.~~lios~~ho~io1~-brl;ItC, 275.molvbtlnte, 4.82.ninniires, 1052.91i8.1032.ores, ‘31.est.inmtioii of, S29.and 1e:ires of t,lic beet, X l t i .9 i 2 .perpliospIi:nks, G‘i.’, ‘7 $5.cart) o n bii t i 11 )1 i i (1 c ,- solubility of, 104.- bieulpliide, 691.- pentnsulpliicle; 691.___- vnpourdensity of, 579.- sulpliides, 883.Phtlinlanils, substit iited, 3231152 ISDEY OF SUBJECTS.1’Iitli:tlic acid, nitro-, action of lijdriodicacid on, 614, 722.-__ nitro-, action of hydrobroruicacid on, 644., 722.____ uitro-, obtained by oxidationof nit,ronaplit,lralcne, 644.-~ nitroclicliloro-, 723.- aciils, niethoxy-iso-, 793.- ddellj de, nitro-, 782.- anhydride, action of, on naphtha--- - Fapour-density of, 1025.-- aiict isobutyric acicl, action ofsodium acetate on, 246.Plitli;ilimide, metanit roplienyl-, 324.- ptn.QbromopIiengl-, 321.__ paraclrlorophciij 1-, 323.__ paraiodophenyl-, 364.Plitlialiiiiiciobeiizoic acids, ortho- andineta-, 32LPhtli:iloplicnone L(cliplienylpht halidc),conversion of, into plieriolplitlialctii,637.lenc, 9 40.__ conslitution of, 636.Phthalj 1 alcohol, 634.Plitlialyl~~i~opiouic acid, derivatires of,Pltotopaphed spectra of osFgen andPhotogi~aplric negatives, intensificing, by245.Ii~drogcn, 497.means of potas4urn sulpliide, 184.Y 1 lot ograpli Lng ha c t eri a, i 0 ~ .Photography, pigment or carbon, p r e p -ration of i i a i i e r for.560.Plioto-litho&$ip, 836.Pliyllit.e, or sericite-gneiss, 207.l’hylloscra, saccharine matter cont.ainedin riiics suffering from, 1049.Ph~siological relrttions of phetiylaceticaiicl plicnjlpropionic a d , 662.Phytolacca decaadra, colouring matterof, i 3 0 .l’icoline, action of cliloriiie on, 264.- oxidation of, 2ti5.- arid its dwirntires, 2B2.- platiiio-chloride, dccoinposit.ion-Picratiiic acid, action of sotla-solutionPicwmide and aniline, 61.l’icrosclihrot ine, 270.I’ierotepliroite from Laangbnn, 32.l’icrot.nidc, benzoFl-, 729.__ Iijdrate of, prcpardtiou of, 729.Picrotoxill, 729.-_ action of ilcctk anhydllde and- action of brouiinc 011, $29.- and some of its clcrirntires, cha-r:ictc.ristic reactions of, 7-1.8.Pig-iron, ~ e ~ ~ l i o s ~ ~ l ~ o r i s n t i o i i of, 1075.-- estiiuation of silicoii in, 974.products of, 264.on, 71’7.sodiuin acetate on, 729.Pig-iron, higlliy siliceous, preparationand use of, 678.Of) 755.-- .nianganiferous, preparation____ white, specific gravity of,Pigment, green, from barium chromate,Pig-ntetal, effect of phosphorus on,-- methods of removing phos-Pinacolins, 317.Pinacone, chemical structure of, 536.Pinaconcs, 317.Pinguitt., 31.Pink, garden, ash of the, 338.Pipcridine, 733.- hydrochloride, action of bromineon, 733.Pipturics aqenteirs, examination of, 860.Pittacal, 253.P1trgioctl;ise basalts, 903.__ granular, in the limestone strata ofGeppersdorf, 903.Plant respiration, 738.Plantain, :iiidss1s of, 821.Plants, absorption of atmospheric nitro- nbsorption of selenium by, 955.- assiinilstion of soda b?, 666.- culti\atrcl, diseases of, 820.- in sunliglit, ewlution of oxygtvl- infl uenee of atmospheric electricityon, 818.__ quantity of nitrogen xliich mustbe su!il)lied in order to ensure theirnoriiial developnient as fitld crops,668.- sarcophytic and parasit ic, replacingthe c:lrboiiic acid of the air iieccssaqfor the lwoductiou of chlorophj 11 in,b j orgaiiic substances, 737.---siipply of nitrogen to, 739.- supposed existencp of licdrogenperoude in the orgariisni of, 665.Platiiium, changes in tlie surface of,proilucecl by oxjgen polai*isatioii,1005.__ incandescent, rad.’ation from,573.- polarisation of, 578.__ pure, prcyiration of, 772.- alloy assay, 555.- w:it(Jr-cell, qiiantity of electricityPliiiian, so-ctllled, 901.l’oisoiiiitg fowls u itli pumpkin seeds,Poisons, metallic, Vcrrjkin’s nietliod of840.087.92.phorus froin, 92.gen by, 818.by, .bl9.necessary for charging a, 194.10 16.detcctiug, 973ISDES OF SUBJECTS.1153Pularisntion, gal~anic, 577.- voltaic, capacity of, 864.Polydjmite, 18.Po ZCy.c/o )i u 01. t i ) i ct or iic m , pre pamt ion ofPolyporic acid, 382.__- chloritiated compounds of,-- hydro-, n n d its salts, 383.nitro-, 383.Pomegranate, alkalo’icls of, 657.I_ bark of the root of tlie, 169.Pompeii, a thread-like substance foundPoppy petals, conipositioii of the ash of,Porcelain earth of Linioges, 87.Porter, l)iibliii, and Biirton ales, analysisiiidigo-blue froin, 532.383.--iu the exenrations of, G80.395.of, 341..Portland cement, Itardening theorj of,4.08.Yort,ulncca, analysis of, 821.- coloiiriiig-niatter of, 730.l’osition, experimental det ernhationsl’otztble wtw, preservation of, 85.l’otasli, iniprovements iii the manufac-- mica, crj stnl-sjstem of, 2.1..I’otasbiuin aiiialgani, act ioii of dilute-- action of water on, 864..__ bromide, action of oaFgen on, 770.- chloride, heat absorption on solu-- cobaltor>:riiitle, 303. - ferrocyanicle, action of ammo--- action of brominc. on, 702.-__ n process for iit,ilising ~ l i e ‘re-sidue fruii: t lie mnnufac.ture of, (i80. - fluoride, c+oiiipound of chromicacid willi, 1016.- Ity(lrate, wtioii uf :the vapour of,oii red Iiot iron, H87.- livdroc.oer~~ligrioiie, 283.- liydrosulpliidc, heat of formationof, 8ti3. -~ lieat of hydration of, 866.- iodide, iotlatetl, 595.__- h d in coni~nercjtil, 504.-- itiaiiufiicture of, 501..-__ reaction of with sulpliurous- n d ~ i r a t e , electrolysis of, 917. - ntt~sit~~l~nc~s~il~,hollate, products ofthe action of f ~ s c c i potash on, 529. - nitrite, prelxir~itioii of, 595. - nitrate, t.stiiitut.ion of minute quan-- perinmig nilate absorption spect raof; 232.ture of; 422.Ii~drocliloric acid on, 864.tion in water, 588.iiiucal ccipper sulpliate on, 775.acid, 352.tit,ies of sodti in, 399.of, 1s9.Potassium permnnganate, action of man-piious cliloride on, 206.-- alkaline, some reactions of, intlie moist combustion process, 555.- - and oxidation productsobtained by its use, 804.- .- the light. reflected by, 4.28.- salts as a manure, 826.-- beliaviour of, in the blood,816.- sulpliides, lieat of formation of,865.- salplioepnide, act iou of potassiumpertiiangaiiut~e on, 205. - tliioc*piate, beliairiour of, with801110 of t,he cinchona alkaloids, 281. - ul trauiari ne, 692.- xantliorliamnin, 2.72.Potato, cornposition of the growing, 1’74. - cultivation, 823.- fuscbl-oil, alrohols in, 36. - spirit, pwpai’at ion of pressed yeast’as a bge-product tiom, 843.Potstone ot C‘hinvenna, 26.Powdered subst~mces, detcrruinatioii oftlie specific gravity of, 669.Precipitates, estiiuation of, without fil-tering, washing, and drjiug them,Yressiire, influence of, on the spectra ofPressures produced by galvanic dcpo-Priiitiiig, heliographic, 750.-__ 011 shcet-zinc, 751.Propane, action of bi ornine on, 302.Propilncs, cldorobroino-, 131.- dibronio-, 129.-- two isomeric, 908.- diclrloro., 128.Y~openjl-benzoic acid, 157.l’ropioiianiide, 47.Propioiiainidine, or propionimidamide,Propionic acid, dicliloro-, from gljcericPropioniniidamide or propionamidine,Propionit.ri1, action of hydrochloric acidPropjl or tri-carbon series, isomerism in,- alc01101, iiorinal, action of zinc- glycol, synimetricnl, 132.-- synixnetrical, chlorhydrius of,- t hiacetate, boiling point of, 786.__Propylbenzene, 631.l’ropyibenzoic acid, 142, 321.480.vnpuurs and gases, 685.sits, 576.hgdroxy-, 465.__-hydrocltloridc of, 47.acid, 521.hj~lrocliloricle of, 47.aiid alcohol on, 47.1P7.cliloride on, 1029.133.iso-, boiling point of, 786I154 ISDES OF SUBJECTS.Prop~lhenzoic acid, hpdroxj-, 139, 157,-- hyilroxy-, dcrimtivcs of, 795..J 63.-- hytlrosy-, oxidation-productsof; 795.l’rop,vienc, action of oxidising agent.3 on,- bromide, act ion of watw on, 700.-- contlitions. unrlcr which it is- glycol, tlcltyrlrat.ion of. 136.- ox itle. s?m t I t etriad, 133.Propylene?, bronio-, 130.- c111oro-, 12%- I’OlJOSJ-, 133.Prop!,lli?‘dros?,bcilzoic ayid (cumenol-cr-Prul)S; 1 j ) I t e t 101, iind it s dcrivnt i yep, 63 1./3-Propylplicnol, 632.Prop~lplienol(.:irbonic acid, ortlio- awlpara-, 632, 033.YropjIa, stwnno-, 918.l’rot;igon, 950.Protocatecliiiic wid, 933.-~ action of nit.rous anlydridePseudobrookite, a ncw m i n e d , G.1.I’seutlocuinene, 527, 623.Pseudopurpurin, absorption-speetrumPseudorosolic acid, 58.l’seutlouric acid, 784..Ptomaines, 73-1..l’tydose, so-callcd, 370.Puiiil\kiiis.analyses of, 961.I’ 11 r n ”1; i i i -sec ds,I’urpurin, 256.- :tbsor~~tion-spectrrlm of, 807.Puqmrins, isoiiierir, c*ltroirulogy of, 9.1.3.l ’ i i t rcfaction, forination of crcsolsI_ of albuinin, aromatic products of,Pjrenc, colour reaction with aittiinonyP~rctliiwm, flowcrs of, active prineiplcYjritlinc, 733. - dibromo-, $33.- nionobrorno-, 734.Pyi.ideiiedicarbonic wid, and its salts,-- identity of, with cincliome-Pyriclene-t riczwbonic acid, 657.Pyrites, auriferoiis, examinntion of, 509.- extraction of gold, silver, and otlier- fluc-dust, detection of sonic rarePyrocliolcst,eric aciil, 358.907.formed, OOH.(*ili-box?Iic wid), G 12.on, m3.of, 807.fo w 1s po isoncd wit 11,1U46.during, 789.806.tricliloriilc, 831.of, 808.531.roitic acid, 01,‘7.inetsls from, 2%.metals in, 973.Pj-rocinchonic acid, 947.P>ruinecazonic acid, atid its salts, i O S ,-- osy-, and its salts, 710.l’pmwconic acid, :Mi.-- amido-, 709.-- iiitro-, 307. - -- nitro-, mid its salts, 709.l’?-roinc.t,:tj.,oiiic :wid, o x ~ - , 70s.l’ycuiaitick acid, tlihroino-, relation of.t o ntiicwhromic :wid, 918.P~roniircic i I ( * i d S , Itioi1obro11lo-, 308.l’>-ralplioric iron, 119.i’yrol)is5ite, contpositioii of, 1021.Pjroraccinic acid, 52 t.__- actioii of pliospliorus pent:i-710.and it.s s:ilts, 708.Iiydi*onit roso-, 307.----niti~so-tli-, 7oS, 709.--sulphide on, 46.s~ntliesis of, 45. --I’grotnrturic acid, aet ion of phosphorits-- spinctricnl, 133.- chloride, 13 1..Pyroxene (:iugitc’), mrietics of, 364.I’>rux~lin, conversion of ii~droccllulowPTrosjlins, 372.l’jrrlwlinc or pentla-nditc, in dolti.itv,froin Ovifak, 894.Pyrrol, 524.__ tlerivntires, 525.- rptlietic prcpi*ation.of, 526.Pjruvic acid, forniution of, froui t,art:iricpcritnsulpliicle on, 43.itito, 911.wid, 916.Quiintitatiro annljticd method, a nvw,Quartz, belia.Fiour of, with microcosniic-.. crystals, etcli-figures on, 439.-- from liruninicndorf, grov I 11-phcnomerta of, 901.Quartz-diorite from Yoseniite, 512.Quebrncho wood, 996.Qucrcetirt, acetjl-, 945.- dibroino-, 945.- ctibroinacetjl-, 945.- formuli~ of, 9-1.4.- sodium-, 945. - tc t ritbronio-, 946.- t e t ma b ro I i t od i w e t y 1- , 946.Quercctin, €orinuh of, 94.4.I- potassium-, 946. - tetrabromo-, 9-I.s.Quercit:m, 841.- moiinceto-, 341.969.salt, 79ISDEX OF SGBJECTS. 11-55Quercitan , m onocliloi~li~-r!ro-, 241.Quervite, nction of liydrobromic and 1 1 ~ -- action of pliospl~orus pentacllloritle- nionobromhjclro-, 2-11. --_ preparation a1111 propertics of, 239.driodic. acids or,, ?.$I.on, 9i7.QIWC~LCS, W C ~ O - , z 4.0,-...- b I i t y ~ - , 2.4 1. -- ... (*I I 1 urhy clro-, 241.Qiiii.iirninc and it3 salts, 1044.Qiiini :wid, 159.-: - pepiration of, from IBJ,Qiiiniciinc, test, for, %I.Qniniuc all<a.lo'i.is, iodosiilplitltes of, 982. - citrales, 1043. - dctci*ininatioii of. ii. certain of its- u-diliydroxjl-, 809.- estiniution of' in Ferri e t Q u k c- format ion of' cmcliomeronic acid- hFdroc I iloricle, test for, 2 81. - iPobutylf'oriiIatc, 139.- oxidatioii of, ' 3 4 6 . - oxidation of', b j potassium perninn-__ oxicliition-protlucts of, 809.- reaction with aiitiiiicny trichloride,- salt, a new, 168. - substitutes for, 71.- t,est for, 280.- test for the purity of, 982.Qiiii~inic acid, 8 1 ~ .Q u i n in iim d iinuriat icum carbarnidattun,Quinol (lijdroquinonc), 4.62.- ilcril-ii tires of, 464.- dincetyl-, 718.- tli 1 1 it ro-diet,] ioxy -, 464.- inonoiiitro-dietIio~;p-, 464..Quiiioliiic from cinclioninc,. oxidat,ionot, b! potassium periiiangaiiate, 731. - oxiliation of, 731.Quinone, action of acetic anhydride andsodium acctate on, 718. - dic.hloi.odibromo-, 462. - tetrabromo-, 718.Quinones, action of aininonia on, 518.Quinonirnide, diloro-, 984.9 52- s u 4 1 11 n t C', G X .salts, 4 M .citrus, E.P., 41)j.froiii, '3 1.7.gmate, 54.1.s32.169.R.Racemic acid, 223.Rags, eoncrrsion of, into manure, 859.Kain, actioii of, on clovc~r hay, 8%.Recl pignwnt,, nianufacture of a, fi*oni- ultmrnarine, 885. - wine: mahing, 681.-- pwssiiig of, 681.Reddingite, 692.Rcaidiica obtained i n the inannfact.ure ofaniline-red, utilisation of', 995.Rcsin-siziiig of' paper, 99.4..Rceoqui 11 I is; t I roric,, t.c t r : ~ b ruin o - , 4ci5.Resorcin.Scc Hvsorciiiol.Rc>sorci:i-bluc, 892.Re~orcinol, B ; < t ) , 927.- uz~sulpliosjlciie-, 316.- brol)liiJc, t ribro i iio-, 7 17.- dibenzo-, 319, 320.- ct,liers, action of' nitrous acid on,- etliosyclinitro-, 4.65.__ etlios?.iiiciiioriilros~~-, 465.IiiiiiiuIacttirc of', 291.__ nictazos~~lpliosylbenzene-, 316.-_ oaidatioii o f , to plilorogluciii~~l~ ti33.- ~ ~ a r : i ~ o ~ t i l p 1 i ~ ~ s ~ l bciizciie-, 31(i.- 1~.1it abronio-, 46-1.. -- action of :miline on, 55. -- i1t.1 ion of'tiii slid Ii~tlrochl~i~ict- tctrabroniodi-, 55.- trihrouio-, *55, 4%.trinit ro-, 238.__ triiiitro-, prc.i)arat,ioii of, 717.- I apour-i\twsity of, 10%.Rcsorciiiol-disiil~lionic acid and i t 3--- fusion of, wit,li 110t:ialRc>i)ir:Ltion, pI:uit, 736.Res1)iratory ~iio~enients, influence of, 011tlic foriliation of carbonic acid, 7 5 .Retinalitm, 301.Kctinintlole, 585, 938.Ketiiiitc, Kussi:iii, 4.11.R,li:Luinctin, foriiiula of, 271.- benzoyl-, 272.- clibroiiiacct>l-, 272.___ dibromo-, 2 i 2 .__ cliniet,tiJ-l-, 272. - prqioiiyl-, 272.Rhnniiiotlulcite, 39.Ridge cultir~~tion, 822.Itobiquet's method for detecting saiiqlioacid in urine, 74.8.Rock of the St. Gotlinrd Tunnel, 36G.Ronian chamomile oil, acids obtainccl by__-- constituents of, 454.Rosaniline, 38 4, 385.- group, colouring matters of the,iroii scrap, 97.- ~ C I I Z O - , 319, 320.4ti3.acid on, 55.-salts, 93 1..934.__ ncct.l-, 271.the snponific:rtion of, 4.54.236, i 8 i I 1 ,ici ISDES CF SYDJECTS.Roaaniline, influencc of nietatoluidine iii- diazoh? drocyanopara-, hjdroclilor-- 11: clrocj anopara-, 385.Rosaiiilines, constitutioii of, 463.K o ~ e r n a r ~ , essence of, 725.- c~sciicc of, iictioii of sulphuric acid- e2sc'nce of, oxidntion of, 726.- oil, p r e p r a t ioii of', 97.lioaeccobalt l i j drilte, 598.- nitrate, 5'38.Rosin, testing of beeswax for, 283. - 011, 11) drocarbon from, 467.Rosolic acid, 386.- a d s , 59.R) e, ripeiiing of, 337.tlie prel)aratiori of; 625.ide of, 383.Hose, garden, as11 (4 tlw, 338.011, 726.H ~ S C O - ~ ~ I I W ~ I I I ~ I I ~ I co1111)oI11ids, 124.Eacchnpic acid, a d o n of pliospliorus pen-~ _ _ dry distillation of ammoniumSaccliariue niatter contained in vinessuffcrii!g froiii tlie p l ~ ~ l l o s e r a , 1049.- substances aiid coi~tpouiids, im-proreiiicnt in tlie prepar&tion andtreatnlctnt of, 423. -- or conq)ouiids, improvementin tlie trcatinent, of', 421, 4.96.Saccltarite, 360.Safrosjn, niaiiufacture of, 292.Saki, tlie alcoliolic drink of' the Japanese,Snleritin, glucositle of, 1038.Salicylaiiiide, a-nitro-, and .its salts,- @-nitro-, 382.Salicylatc>s arid tlicir applicat,ion, 641.Salicj.lic acid as a l~reveiitative oi' house-fUngud, 1080.____ a-accbainido-, and ,its salts,- -- a-amido-, 381.__- detection ai'd estiiiiation of,____ detection of, in bcer, 3.13.-- diazo-, 92s.-- dinietanitro-, and its .salts,_I___ in urine, Robiquet.'s nietliod-. - iotlo-, '328._I__ 111eta-iodonitro-, 928.- - u-nitro-, aiid its salts, 380.tncliloride 011, 917.salts of, 524.4.13.381.381.i i i animal secretions, 488.382.for detecting, 54.8.Salicylic acid, @-nitro-, and its salts, 381.prdijdroxy-, 928.-___ parazosulplioxjlbenzene-,-I_ reaction of, with ferric salts,- acids, iodo-, 928.-__ nitro-, 928.S1~lic~-lo-sulpliuric acid, a-nniido-, 381.Suliiic solutions, vapour-tcnsion and so-Sslin, test for nitisat es in, 630.Salt solutions and attachcd water, 428.S:ilt.s, action of' acids on, G89. - compounds of, u i ~ h compounda 111 m o n 1 as, 3 7 6.- influence of substitution on evolu-tion of heat during the forniatioii of,767.- mctdlic, decomposition of, andcertain iiivorse reactions wliicli takeplace in 1)rc'sence of' 1) atcr, 1006.-- galvanic properties of' solu-tions of, 863. - of the earth-metals, fluorescenceof, 862. - prcpnratiun of, in a finely-dividedstate, 10'7.Saltpctrc, Chili, as .a manure for barle.,1051.- Soath American, 1073.Samarium, a uew metal boni sawarskitc,Saniarskite, a new metal f.rom, 889.__ of' X. Carolina, probable existcnceSnndnl wood, cdouring matter of, 470.Santonine, absorption-spectra of, in so-- colour reaction with antimony tri-Sa-ntoiiin derivatircs, 331.- monobronionirtn-, 330.- two isoiiierides of', 330.8 ~ p of Caricn Pupyva, action of, 1048.Sarrai*euia Pu rprcwa, 54 1.Sausages, estimation of starch in, 979.Scandium, 601.Scapolitcs, ~w~scnce of ch!orine in, 697.Sclwelit e, did? II til'erous, artificial pro--_ estimate of cerite metals in, 696.Scopdia Japoitica, 333.Sea wiiter, action of, on iron and steel-- : r i l e contaiiied in, 1060.__- -- cwboiiic anliydride ill, 1061.-- presence of aii:inoniacnl su1t.sScbacic acid, aniliiie dcriwtires of, 376.S~banilic acid, 377.Sebmilidc, 377.-- I_316.748.lidifjing points 01; 4.889.of new nicbtal in, 116.lution, 269.thlorjde: 832.duut,ioii of, 696.phtes, x4.ill, 9ISDES OF SUBJECTS. 11 57Seed, choice of beehoot for, 828. - of Sorghum vulgnre, tinidysis of,Seeds, influence of temperature on tlic- of LrclLemantin iharica, 892.Selenat.es of ningncsiuni metals, voluincSelenious acid, specific gravity of, GDI.- oxide, specific gravity of, 691.Selenium, absorpt,ion of, by plants, 955. - action of, on mctallic sulyliiclcs,Seleniocganatcs. 35.Sericitc rocks of the Taunus, 23.Sericite-gneiss in tlic Biinclcner Alps,-- or plijllite, 207.Scrpentinc from \-errages (Aosla), 362.Shave-gmss, :tn:ilgsis of, ‘356.Slicep, digctst.ioii i l l the tlilrerent divi-sions of the tligcxst.ivc caiisl of, 391. - fiittcning of, 811. -. fectliiir expcriiiicntr with, 951.Silent electric tliscliargc, ,135.Silica, absorljtivc 1 ) ~ > ~ ~ ~ 1 * of, 339. - gelatinous, an iiiorgaiiic iiieiiibrane,Silicated carbon filters, esperimentsSilicates containing fluorinc, bchaviourSiliceous pig-iron, preprat ion and useSiliciiim cliloridc, lieat of vaporiaation of,-- specific brat.of, 7G7.- liptlritle, liquefwt ion o f , 4-36.Silicon, estimation of, in pig-iron and- chloride, action of sulphuric m n o -- Itydritle, decomposition of, by elec-- - heat, of foi-niation of, $67.Silicon-iron, reniarkable spcciuien of,204.Silk, raw, influence of tlie clieinic~l com-position of the watcr used in the pre-parittion of, 403.956.germhition of, 303.constitution of; 768.$71.25.Ghea- 01’ Glicii-b~il.tel*, 568.199.witli, 986.of a t Iiigli teinper:Ltures, $72.of a Iiiglily, 6T8767.steel, 9’7-1.chloride on, 201.tric spark, 767.- cocoons, analysis of, 953.Silver, estiuiation of, by ammonium thio-- extraction of, from fahl-ores, 7%.- spitting of, 4.38.- and other nictals, extraction of,from pyrites, 28s. - asyitp, USC of Hempcl’s lamp forillustrating, as a lecture experiment,402. - bromide, action of light of differentcyanate, 973.colours on, impregnated with rariousoiypiiic colouring niat.ters, 5 0 1..Silver bramide, amount of 1)rouiiiic sub-stitutetl by clilorine in, ’170.___ chloride, action of light on, 69h.I_ pliospliide, 503. - sulpliidc, action of seleni~tin on,-- from Andreasberg, 808.- ultrainariite, 4 3 i . - aiicl iron, sulphidc of, froin An-Sinistrin, 779.Slate, coinposition of, 102 C.So:ips and a1k:ilinc resinxtes, :thnonnalsolubility of certain botlics in, 99.Soda, assiiuilation of, by plants, 066.- i!nl)roveIuciits ill thc iiiautif:ictureOf) 4.22.- intltistry, 6’77, 731.- Solcay’s, used in the prepwiitionof ttlt,l.ainarine, ‘387.Yotln-fusion process, forination of cyano-Socl:~-lyes, esliination of cyanogen in.Sorliuin, action of, on soJium hydroxide,Sotlirini nndgnrn, action of diliitc Iiydro--- action of wirter on, 861.__ ant1tr;iccncsr~lplionnt e, (i3X~ broniicle, action of clilorine on,-___ action of oxygen on, 770.- carbonate, diliydr:Ltcd, 19 k.- cliloriclc, blue flame fronr, .1,!j7.__ tliiiit,~o-cliox~quinonc, 6.1, i._ _ _ Iijdmte, nctioii of the rapour of.~ hylrosulphidc, heat of foi*ni:Lt ion-- heat of 1iTtlration of, 863.__ liytlrosidc, action of eotliuni on,- nitrite, action of, on blood, 817.Sodititii-iiitrobutylene, 702.__ ositle, actiou of hydrogen on, 689.-- h a t of.11ylr:ition of, 680. - sul pli ate, an 1 i yd r o t ~ , h e:1 t, de-rtzloped bv contwt of water nitli, 589.-- aiiliFdrous, preparutioli of,from Gltruber stilt, 5%;.-- monoliytlrutcd, 194.- sulpliitlcs, llcat of form:it.ion of,-- lient of llydrat ion of, 865.- sit1 pho- py rote rc ha tc , prcpnra t ion- still)lio-ricinolcate, prepamtion of,771.11 reasberg, 4 3.0.gel1 colllp0“”‘ls ill) 751.,102.689.cliloric: :wid on, 8ti I..770.- c:lrbosytartroliat,t’, 6,13, 6-k4.on retl hot, iron, 887.of, 863.6S9.865..of, 18’7.187'115s IXDES OF SUBJECTS.S;3tliuni-(liioncetanilidc, action of etlijl-- action of monoclilornceticSoil, constnncy ant1 variation in t,lie- evliriustion of, by beet-root cultira-- foririation of nitrites in, 7~37.- grreiistonc, of Bernecli, %24.Soils, absorptive poxer of, 339, 552,-- colicsive p n w r of.937. - 1ic:it-cupacity of, 95s.- iiifiiicnc~ of, 011 t,he dccornposition~ inechunical aii:i.lysis of, 673. - of Tilie growing tlintricts of tlie i I - t,ciiiper:it tire of, 89.4.Soinnitlinc~, composition of, 541.-- acct.yl-, 51,l.Sulaniiie ant1 the products of its decom-positioil, 541.broniide on, 312.ether on, 31 3.composition of, UX.tion, 1050.667.i of organic srihstnnccs, 330.R l i i n P aiid Mnint., :inaljsis of, 737.__ ncct)-l-, 31.1.Su1:ir clicmistry, recent rescarclies on,4.". - spectrum, cause for the :ipl~ca~~iieeof briglit lilies in, 574--- - presence of dark lines in,wliich closely correspncl with tliclines of the s~~cctriim of osygcn, 997.-- rrgion of the, iiidiq)ensableto rcget:ible life, 336.-- ultpa-violet, liitiit of, 861.Solid \lodies, espansiion of, 1002.Solidifying poiiit of stdint: solutions, 4.Soluble blue, 4.18.Bolritioits of iiic~tdlic salts, galranic pro---- siipeixit urnted, 501.Solmy's soda used in t,he preparation ofSorbite, action of phosplioi*us penta-Yorglio or Dliui-rta grass, cultivation of,s o i y h u m sacchnratiitn, cultivation of,- ezrlpre, cnltimtion of, 823.SpcciIic gravities, dctcrmination of,- grayity, determination of, 107.-~ dcterminatio~is, 295, 1004.-- detcriiiinations of solid organic-- of powdcred subst.ances, de-terniinatioii of, 669.__ h u t of' etliJ.1 rilicate, 767.-~ of siliciuni chloride, 767.-- of water, 1002.Spectra, sbsorptiou-, 101.perties of, 863.ultraniarinc, 99'7.cliluridc on, 917.823.823.498.con1pou11ds, 610.Spoctra, absorption-, of didymiferousminerals, ineasiireiiieiit of, 697.-- difference in absorption, 1,189.- of gases, influence of temperatureand pressure on, 181.-- of solutions of brucine, morphine,sty!-clinine, rerntrine, :mi santoninein concentratetl ncitls, 269.- of the cleniciiis and their coni-pounds, 6%.- of vapours and g'wcs, inrluence oftcmiwi-;it,ui*e and prcssu~c on, 685.__ ~)Iiot~o~i~:ipfictl, of oxygeu and hy-cl rogen, 497.- resenrclies on, 5'75.Spwt rowope, new iiiiiwrsal stand for'ILW 11-itli the l)oclict-, 574.Spectroscopic inwstigiition of the con-stitut,ion of liquitls, 101.Spectruni, absorption-, of alizarin andof some colouring mstters derivedfrom it! 8 8 .of nit,ro-nliamin, 807.---- of pseudopurl,urin, 807. -. - of purpurin, 807. - analysis! quantitatiw, 828.__ continuous, of tlic electric spark,i65. - tlisplncement, of the lines of, b j t,liemotion clue to the sun's rotation, 574.-- of clidyniium nitrate, 861.- of erbiuiu nit,i-ate, 862.~- of osj'gcn, 861.-~ prewiice of dark liner in tliesol:ii. spectrum which correspondc~losely wit,li the lirics of, 997. - of yttcrhiiim, 861.- sc,lar, ultra-riolet limit of, 861.Spcrgulin, a new fluorescent body, 4-69.Spicgcllciscn, c1i:iiiges which it under-goes wlicn smeltctl, 841.~ specific Iieiit of, 840.Spinelle in d o l ~ r i t e , from Ovifnk, 834.~ of'Tiril)lo i i i C:il:ihri:L, 69s.Spirit., potato, preparation of prwseclSpongy iron filters, expcrinients with,Sporadosiclereal meteorites, metallicSyuill, a new carb0hgdrat.e from the,Stand, ncw unirersnl, for use with theSt,aiiil:ird weiglits and measures, ma-Stnnnaniyl iodides, 919.dtannic osidc, solubility of, in hgdro-- plicnyl chloride, action of nitrousyeast as a bye-product from, S t 3 .98li.granules of, 609.7'79.pocket spectroscope, 5'74.terial for, 102.cliloric ac,id, 888.acid on, 651ISDES OF SUBJECTS.1159d! annisopropyls, 918.St:mnobutpl iodides, 919.St;~nnodiethyl compounds, cr~stallineSt~niiotliplieiiitIc diethositle, 550.Stannotlipropy1 coiiipouiids, cr>r;tullineStan nod iprop.1 o z i d c, 5 1 9.Stnnnoplien~ 1 chloride, ti> 1.- cliloritlc-, syntlicsis of, 219. - cliluriuditlc., syiithesis of, 250.- clilorobroinitlt, s j n t l i t ~ i s of, 2.30.- dibrontitle, sriitlicsis of; 230. - diiodide, sjiitlicsis of, "0.__ oxide, syntlicsis of, 2 19.St:innol)lien~llt~drox~l cliloride, spithe-Stannoprop?l, iocliclcs of, (322.Stannoj>rcip,vIs, 918.St.iinnotrictIip1 coin pound^, crptallineStaniiotriiuctli~-l sulpliatc, erpt,allineStannotriplieii\1 clrloride, 250.Stiiitltotts chloride, vapour-density of,- oxide, cr~stalline, prepratioti of,Ste rdi, mtion of diastase, saliva., and- estim:ition of, in sausages, 9;9.- forniatiuti of, in clilo~opliyll grainsi n :tl)sence of liglit, 551.- graiiiiles of tlie egg, 6G2.- i n paper, qruntitutiic: estimation__ inodifications of the phpsical pro-__ tenacitr of, 570.Sleam, decomposition of bones by, 987.__ boilet*s, Iieatitrg, 10TO.~- wenling of, 4 LO.dtccl, 8 tliircl furrii of zirbon in, 811'.- chroitie-, 2x6, "7.- chrome-crucible, preparation of,- crucible, minuhcture of, IOTG.-__ tlirect preparation of f r o u irontlircct, pi*occss for making, 563.tb5tiuistion of silicon in, 974..forin of, 518.form of, 519.yis of, "it).form of, 519.form of, 5lY.1014.1016.1xiiicre:itic. juice on, 37(,.of, 180.perties of, 518.__ sup~dleatetl, 838.567.oit'\J, 409.- -- - !raws in, 437.- - _ _ t,iiI(l, working of, 410..- -_ <pwific rc&t;uice of, 1000.-1)r'csenw of iiiti-ogen in, 1017.- t !rc~rtiio-clectric: position :Lnd electricvonductivity of, in their r,.l::tioii toits li~ii~liiess, 999.- p1:if (I.<.act.ion of sea w:;: .'Y on, 56 4.~ - - \ \ . . b ; ( l i i i ; . , ,567.dteeliii;: t . ti)i)er pl:ttCs, 186.Stilbene, colour reaction with antiiiioiipStillbite, 606.Stokcs's I i i w of fluorescence, 8G2.- 1:irv oE Aiorcwencc, S. LnnianskgStone of tlic '' Julirrs Coliimn," 25.Stoitcwarc~-cl:iy, an:rI>-sis of, 87.Ytront.i:t, action of clilorine on, 596.Stroiitiiiin. cziat.eiicc of, in n!l rocks of- b~oiiii(I~-, :ir!ioit of os!.gen o n , 77n.__ clilvriclt', avtiori of osygcn on, 770.Stry~liiiiii~~, :il)doiption-spcctrs of, i i t- rcact iuii with aiitiruoiiy trichloricle__ 1t.f .1"> n ~ ~ l i ~ s 011, 387.tl i li ,vtlro -, 3s 7.A tisiliyclro-, 387.Stutxitc, 8%.StFcuric or phcn~lgl~-ccric acid, G1-i..Substitiitioiia, 1ic:it t.f?cct of, H7Z.Snccinic acid, clibroiuo-, i*citctiun of, with-- is,)-) s~nt,liesis of, 783.- - tribroiiio-, 373.__ ferincntatioi~, 391..Suc.r.iny1 coinpottiids of toluitlines, 461,~ re1:itioiis of tctric acid aid itsS i i p y , :tction of licat on, 911.-__ potnasiiiin or a~iinionium di-clit~oninte 011, 911. -- : i s a tcst of the p i i r i t j of water,1062.- hi-, influence of light on tlicFicl(1 of, 10 17.- c:inc-, f~~rmentation of, 336.__- iiivc~sioii of, 33ti.__- i 1 1 Tvraion of, a ~ i d consccut i T enltcratioii of tlic glucoscs so foimcd,3x1.tricliloride, 831.on, 86.'.t!te ptiiti:ki*y f'uritr:itiun, 44 k.solution, 269.832.-water, 533.5".Iloltlologrlc~s to, .13!).- ci~~tallisation ..,< of, 8%$.-- est imation of, i n blood, 674.- cstiiriat ioii of, i i i malt liquors bytlie atnmoiii:ic:il c o p p r test, 1066. - hcsperidin, 4G8.- iinproveitients in tlie treatrncnt of,421. - inwrted, est.imation of, in presenceof saccliarose, 180. -- - ir1f1ucnc.e of teiiipcrature 011tlie c1eri:ition of polarised light bpsol~itions of, 83,".pi-ep:iration of, 187.__ ratio of, in tlie beet t o the ~ h o d -pilot-ic acid in tlic root and ]cares, 818.~ I X W , :~ii:iIj~is of, -104.l c c o v ~ ~ ! * ~ - of, froin fitleiurn sacclla---._ _ . . I .rates, 1921160 ISUES OF SUBJECTS.Sugar, recovery of, from molasses, 8 $4.- transformation of, into aluoliol,- x-olunietric estimation of Parfa- candv, preparation of, 811,. - solutious, action of heat on, 911.Sugars, 449.Suint froin wool, utilisation of, 86.S u 1 p ha in i nemesi t! len i c acids, 643.Sulpliates, action of hydrochloric aciddouble, action of hyclrocliloric acid- of ~nagncsium nietalu, rolunie-- rrsearuhes on, 10 k, 593.Sulpliides, nlkxline, dissolved, heat of-- t~icriiio-c.liemicn1 studies of,- metallic, action of organic solrents-- action of selenium on, 771.- -- disqociatjon of, 13.I_ ___ licat of forniation of, 433.- ncw applic+ition of rapid ouicla-tion by which.are utilisccl f o r fuel,Sulpliobenzicle, action of sulpliuric- tetr;initro-o\g-, and its salts, 244.Sulphobenzide-diaulpllonic acid, ti 19.Sulphobenzide-monoliilplionic acid, (31.9.Sulp~iobenl,idc-sul~~lioiiic iitid, 2 13.Sulphochloride~, action of, on aniines,Sulphones, aromatic, syiitlicsis of, 242.- of tlie olcfinc series, 3i.Sulplioiiic coi~ipounds, pwpnration of,froin diaLo-compounds by l l i t ? i l U 3 ofsulphurous acid, 933.Xul~~hoparatoluamidr, 639.Sulphopsratoluic acid, G38.Sulplioselrniuni osptetmcliloride, 201,S alpho-t i t an ium 0s y t e t I-acliloridc, 691.Siilpliotoluide, constitution of, 9%.Sulpliur, action of organic solvents OJI,771. - estimation of, in the ore, furl, andproducts of the iron industry, 974.- extracted from cast-iron by etheror petrolerum, 771.- extraction of, by means of super-hcnteci stcani, 29L - in fossil resin, 896.- production of, froni sulphurous- qujmtitatire dctcrinination of, in__ separation of, in open hearth, pud-778.proress, 557.gas on, 105.gim 011, 105.constitution of, 768.formation of, 866.865.on, iil.r - - f33.li~di~o\~cliloride on, 243.920.691.acid and hjdrogen sulpliide, 1012.!Iluminating gas, i 8 .dling furnace, and Bessemer con-verter, 1%.Sulpliur, solubility of, 104. - uhe of carbon bisulpliide foi* t i i t s- vapour-density of, 767. - oxygen and t l i c halogens, rccipro-cal tliuplnccincnts between, when coni-'Liinetl uith h>~irogeu, 2'36. - ox? tetrabroniitle, esperimmts onthe preptiration of, 35 k.Sulpliuretted hydrogen, preparation of,1013.__- preparation of, for chcmico-legal investigations, 671. -- use of, in the dry way inanaljsic, 963.Sulphuric acid, behnriour of nitrogenacids with, i'j0.-- detection of, in, winc, 981.CI- manufacture, loss of nitre in,838. - -- wastc, improvements iii treat-ing, that bas been used for pickliiiqiron plates anti other articles of ironor steel, 423.-- anhydride, action of a!uniiniunichloride on, 6".- bromide, espcrimcnts on tlie p e -paration of, 324.- dichloridc, 200.- monochloride, ZOO. ~- action of, on the clilorides oftitanium, antimony, tin, and silicon,20L.extraction of, 837.-- boiling point of, 691.-- mode of nvtion of', 229.dulphurons acid, act ion of hydrogcnbulpliitle 011, in presence of salts, 1013._____ and h! tlrogen sulpliide, pro-duction of sulpliur t'rorn, 1012.-- anhj dride, actiou of, 011 aluniiniuincliloritle, 915.Supert~hospliibte, insolublc phosphoricacid in, 1052.~ bone-meal, manure expcriinentsWS1tll, 959. -- estiination of soluble pllos-phoric acid in, 673, 745.- cstiinntion of the = d u e of, 9G7.___ retrograc1;ition of, 987.Supersaturated solutions, 501.Syenite-porplij ries of South-west Sur-way, '362.Sylvanite, 897.Sjnanthrose, 337.Syntonin, 489.S-j-rup, bect-root, piirification of, 814.SLaboite, a new mineral, 441lSDES OF SUBJECTS. 1161T.Tahlc of reduction of meighings in airTaccn pimrati3da, exaniinntion of, 850.Tan-liquors, estimation of free acid in,Tane-koji, preparation of, 413.Tannic acid, improvements i n the manu-facture of materials containing, 496.Tannin estimation, Gerland’s processfcr, 933.- extraction of, from wine, 1078. - synthetical, ti 15, 646. - antl allied substances, certain reac-tions ~ i t h , 160.Tanning, 100. - mineral, 100.Tannins, phloroglucin-, detection of, 079.Tar distillcries, extinguishing fire in,Tartaric acid, format ion of glycollic and-- free, detection of, in wine,-- pure, preparation of, 917.-- test t o distinguish i t fromcitric acid, 6’74.Tsurine, mcthyl-, 225.Tau rocjaui i ne, 226.- niethj 1-, 226.Tc:1, avrragc conipo4tion per cent. of,- Chine~e, cxamin:ition of, 851. - detection of iron salts in, 854.- examination of, 558. - test for catechu in, 854.test for logwood in, 854.Tc:ik wood, 996.Teeth, analysis of alloys used as stop-Tellurium ores of Siebenburgcn (Tran-TPllursilberblende, a new specLies, 808.Tempcrature, ir.flirence of, on the devia-tion of po1:irised light by solutions ofinverted sugar, 832. - influcncc of, on the evolution ofcar-bonic nnhj ctritle h j barley weds, 1048. - influcnc*e of, on the spectra of ~ a -pours antl pse9, 685. - of soil., 824. - surrounding, influence of, on t h etisscc change of aarm-blooded nni-mals, 951.to :L Tacuunl, 396.980.1080.pyrui ic acids from, 916.981.856.ping for, 1076.sylTan;a), 897.Terbium and its conipounds, 114. - formate, 11 i.-_ oxide, 113, 602.- ~nlpltate, 114.Terebenthene, derivntires of, 328.- dihytlrochlorirle, action of sodiumon, 944.VOL. XXXVI.Tercben t 11 cne h y di*och lor id e, 1 iqn id andTcrcplitlialic w i d , 638.-- h? t l ~ o \ ~ ’ - , iN.-- met lioxj-, 793. - -- monohronio-, 639.Tcrpcnc, Rucsinii tlext ’’063 rate, fromthe turpentine of P‘iiizis sili.ertri.r,168.solid, 32%- hydrochloritles, 043. - di-isoprene antl cnoutchene, iden-tity of thc hydrates of, 1039.Terpenes, coiiipormds of, v itli hydro-cliloric acid, 913.I_ hydration of, 726. - structure of, 167.Terpinol, 944.Terpiiij lcne, 941.Tetra-amiuoni:~ral h~drochloride, 501.Tet~sclilora~osyrbenzidc, 231.Tctrnll~lnninionium bromide, 779.Tet”arnethS1nmmonium~n~oniu~ ferricjnnide,a-Tet ramethj lbenzene derivatires (du-Tctramcth? ltli:imitlobenzophenone, 921.Tetramethyldiamiclodiphengii~liiiet lime,Tet rainetli yldiamidotriphen~ lnictlianc,Trt ~.ninetlyleiliylene and its dcrirut kes,Tet ~ ~ a i n o t h y l p n r a p l i c t i ~ l ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ l i a m i n c .627.Tet ~.niiietliyltriani~tlotriphen~l~net hane,rediwtion of, 788.Tetraphen~ lcthanc, 68, 318. - t et ixliydrox~l-, 69.Tetrai~l~englethsiic sulplionic acid, 69.Tetmphenj lcthylenc, 318.TetrapFridine, 732.Tetrntliionic acid, 1013.Tetrazone, 451,Tet rethy1:imnioniuni ferricyanide, 612.Tctrethyltct razone. 451.Tctric acid antl its homologues, 457.-- and its homologues, relationTetrolic acid, FJ nthc4s of, 782.Tetroxydiphenol, 634.Teucrin, 728.Tt tier ium fi. t i 1 ica )i s , 728.611.rene), 713.921.236.536.of, to succinjl, &c., 489.Thallium “telluratc, specific gravitj of,1001..Thaumssite, a ncw mineral epecies, 21.Thcbs’ine, colour rcnctioii with nntiitionytrichloridc, 831.Theob~oniiiiu, qiini) t itatiw dct ei*ini na-tion of, in cacao and cltucolatc, .1c)(i.Thernial effecat of the wall3 of 1-lcsedrcsels on the contiiiued gnscu, ,132.Thermic constants of diarnllcne, 874.-- - of glycerol, 874.4 I11 62 ISDES OF SLTBJECTS.Thermic researches on ethyl silicate, 767.Thermo-chemical rrlation betn ccn thcboiling and rnelting points of solidelements, 690.-- results, accuracy of, 433.-- studies of the alkaline sul-phide., 86.5.Tlierinocliemistry, combination of car-bonic oxidr with the eleinents, 591.Tliermod!.n:iniics, relation bet ween nroi*keffected b? the diffusioii oE gases midthe second luw of, 3.Thermoelectric position and electriccontliictiTitg of steel in their relationto its Ii:~rtlii~ss, 999.Thrrmomc~t r?, resexrclics in, 588.Thinldinc, act ion of 1)otassiurii pcrman-- forriiiila of', '711.Thiamiclcs of monobasic organic acids,.- of thc oxalic acid series, 784.Thioacetic acid, ethercal salts of, 786.Thioalcleh ytlc, 452.- action of potassium permsngantitcon, 710, 711.Thioacctanilide, action of methyl iodideon, 313.- allFliso-, boiling point of, 786.- ethgliso-, action of, on anilinc,-- action of oialic acid on, 786.-- boiling point of, 786. - isobutyliso-, boiling point of, 786.- isopropyliso-, boiling point of, 786.- methyliso-, boiling point of, 786.- propyliso-, boiling point of, 786.Tliiobe 11 zald el iy d e, 79 1. - action of potash on, 791.Thiobenzyl etlicr, benzimido-, 923.Thiocurbamide, angelyl-, 712.- clibutyl-, 713. - monophenjl-, prepnration of plic--- ~ h p h i n e compounds of, 650.- tertiary butgl-, 713.Tliiocarbtluiides, action of iodine on,- aromatic, 804.Thiocarbiniitlt., mitido-, 806.- ongeljl-, 712.- anilido-, 806.- clilorophenjl-, 8E5.-- h~drochloride, 805.- hpdroxyplienjl-, 805.-- orthotolj I-, action of clilorine on,- phen;rl-, action of, on diphenyl-- action of phosphorus peiitn-__ tertiary nnijl-, 513.ganate on, '710.922.786.nglrmnamide from, 803.48.935.guanidine, 804.cliloridc on, 805.rhiocarbimide, tcrtiary butyl-, 713.Thioc:wbimides, action of phosphoruspentachloridc on.803.Thio-clcrirativcs. 786.Tliiudietliylosaniide, '78.1..Thiotligl~collie ct-her, 138.Tliioet.hj1 ether, bcnzirnido-, 922. - -- I>hcnyIwet imido-, 922.Tliioglycollic ether, 138.TIiiohStl:unto'in, nitroso-, and its salte,712.Tiiiophenol, action of siilpliuric 1110110-cli!oritlc on, 229.- chloronitro-, 231.T1iiotctr:ipgritline and its salts, 732.Tllirlijiere, tunnlTsis of the matcrs of,- wnt,cr of, 211.Tllomsor,itc, occiirrcncc of, at. T,iivcn,Thonstein, 208.Thymolic acid, 158.Tli~inolosyciuiiinic acid and salts o',Tiglic acid, 222.-- action of bromine on, 4436. -- - action of I~~drohroniic wit1- tol-I-, 935.DNi.60.5.168.on, 455.constitution of, 4%.-- ~ conversion of angelic arid-- froin Honinn cliainornile oil,- and angelic acids, separ;ition of,Time, influence of, on manuring in beetTin, grey modification of, 888.-- occurrence of: in silicates, 608.- chloride, action of sulpliwic mono-chloride on, 201.- phosphidm, 509.- - m d lead alloys, beliaviour of, wit:ivinegw, 990.Tissue change, influence of the sur-rounding temperature on, of warm-blooded aninia1s, 951.Titanium chloride, action of sulphuricmonochloride on, 201.Tit,rat,ion, usc of plienol-plitlialei'i~ iii,273.-- use of tropTolin in, 176.Tolidine sulphate, 236.Tolidines (cliamitlo-ditol!ls), isoincric,Tolu-atiisaldcliydinu, 23 4.Toluene, action of sulphuric mono-- :inh~tlro-raltrr~Itlinmiclo-, 312.- azo-dcrivatives of, 237.__ bronio-, oxitlation of, 320.__-into, 454.454.435.cultivation, 825.235.cliloridc on, 2%ISDEY O F SUBJECTS.11 1 3Toluene, compounds of aluminium chlo-- meta-azo-, 236.- inet aiii t ro - , 236. -- prcscncc of, iii commercialnitrotolucite, 6%. - pentabromo-, 142.Toloenedisulpliainide, 804.Toluenedisiilphouic acid, 804.TolueiiedisulrJlioxidc, 243.Toluenemctasiilpliamide, Beckiirts’, osi-Toluenemetasulphonic acid, Bccliurts’Tolueiieorthosull,liamide, 80.1,.Tolueiies~ilpliinic acid, action of fumingnit,ric acid aud of nitrous acid on, 314.Toluenesulpltonic acid froin diazo-com-Toluenesulplionic chloride, liquid, 804.-- liquid, actiou of ammonia on,Tolufui~fumldeli~cline, and salts of, 234.Toluic acid, u-oxypara-, and its salts,-- uronitxo-, 815.To1 ii ide, mctanitro-paratrichloraceto-,- iiietaiiitro-pararaler~l-, action of‘Ioluitline liylrocltloride, lieat of for-- met ail i t ro-para-, 31 1.- iuctlijlated dcriratires of, aiid theride ~ i t h , 308, 461.- 11wta-hpdrneo-, 236.tlation of, 804.so-called, 80-1..pounds, 033.804.323.action of hydrogen on, 311.hylrogcii on, 311.mation of, 871.colours obtained tliercfrom, 310. - sLLccill~l-coru~Jou~rclv of, 4Gl.r t loluidincs. s t ~ c c i i t ? . l - c ~ i i i l ) ~ ) ~ i i i ~ ~ ~ of‘, 52’7.Tolujlviicd iaiiiit ic Ii!.tlr,~cIiloi,itle, 3 I 1.- ortho-inetu-, 282.Tolujlsuccini uii(lc,Tolylarscnic acids, ortlio- and para-, 163.Tolylarseriious chloride, ortho- and para-,- tettncliloridcs, ortlio- and para-,Y‘oljlarsenosides, 163.Toljltlip~ien~lcarbinol, 386.Tol~-ldiplien-lmetliaiie, 386.Tolplenedi:Linint., bcnzenglortlto-, 715.- ortho-, dcrirntires, 715.- para-, and its salts, 715.Toljlpliosphorus cltloride, 721.Tolylswcinainic acids, 527.‘~olyl~ucc~iiraiiii~lcs, 527.Tol~lsucciniiiiidcs, 5 % i , 528.Topaz, be1i:iviour of, a t high tempe-‘Criall~-lmiine, 780.Tritluti~lotri~lieii~lmetlianc~, besinet,liy-163.163.- ctllcIiJl-, 716.ratures, 772.Lited, 236.Tribronioresorquinone, reduction of, 58.Tricarboyyritlenic acid, 541.Triclilorobut~lidciiniide, 42, 452.Triclt lorovalei*olactamide, 01’ tricllloroxy-Triclt lorvslerolactic or tricliloroxjvalericTricrotonTlenamine aud its salts, 780.Tricjaiiic cliloride, 517.Tridymitc, crystal system of, 358.- optical properties and crystallineTrietliplazonium iodide, 450.‘l‘rictlijlbenzene, $85.Trietlir.ldicarbopyrrola~ide, 525.Trictlry1nal)lithylpliosphoniuin iodide,‘I’riglycollic acid, 930.Tri-isobut.jlnmiiie, boiling point of, 704.Triinctli~ltlmine, action of, on mono-- coinniercid, 912, 913.I -..- sulpliocrirbainate, 305.TriiuctltS-lcnrba~i~iIie, 4.0, 141.- and its salts, 713.Trimetlij ldiiimitlotriplienyl~etl~a~e,Triirictliglcne bromide, conditions underTriiiictl t~l-glyccmwrnoniur, cliloritle of,Triti itrorcsorci 11 01, 603.Tl’iosv~i;tliraqUinoiies, 9&.Ti-ioxjbeiizene, cther-sulpliuric acid of,Triplicn-jlacetic acid, 326, 383.Tril’hcnylltcctonitril, 385.Tril’l i r tijlwsiit e :md its derivatives,Tril’liciiylbenzeiie, perchlorimtion of,~ri~~licitjlcar‘~itio1, trinitro-, 384.Tri~~lienjliiicthanc, 326, 384.- colour reaction with antiinonytricliloride, 831.- chloride, 384.- cganide, 326.__ triiiitro-, 38.1.Tripliplite, chemical ccmpositioit of, 695.Triploidite, 20.Tritolylarsine, 163.Trituiigstates, 600.Tropxwliii. use of, in titratioii, 176.Tropic acid, chlorltjtlra-, 720.__- dcrirativcs of, 720.Tropide, 720.Tropidinc, prepai*at ion of, 7W.Tropit:c tropate, actjion of’ Ii~-:lrot+ltlot~icTitngst:ttc.a of tlic: cartlt,~ : i i r t l iiitb(itl!icTmgskri chlorides, 86s.Ta,leriiiiiide, 41.acid, 42.forin of, 605.68.clilorliydrin, 1031.237.whicti it is fornwd, 908.l03i.149.162.721.acid on, 733.scsqitiosicic~s. 33;Tungsten osychlorides, 858.Turkry-red djeiiig, mordant for, 187. I oil, 187._ _ - -- oil, anaiyGs of, 034.Turpentine, action of iodine on, 623.- formula, of, 168. - Frcnch oil of, liydrat ion of t erpene__ Russian, lipdration of terpeneTurpcntine-oil, action of hydrochloricTurqiioise, detection of natural and arti-Tyroleucinc, 5-44.Tyroaine, decomposition of, by putre-faction, 541. - obtaiiied by the action of barpta oiialbumin, 544.from, 726.fron1, 726.acid on, 9-13.ficial, 209.Urmyl, some new salts of, 50'7.Urea, estiniation of, 985.- cstiutation of. bv means of sodiumU.Ulinin, 603.Ultrilinnrine, 506, 597, 885.- blue, 108, 110, 506.- constitution of, 203, 204, 1014. - green, 108. - poi.assium, 693.- red, 111, 506, 885. - silver, 437.- Solv:i.y's soda used iii tlie p r c p r a -tioii of. 897.- violet, 111, 606. - white, 109. - jellow, 112,883.Ulttwiinriiic~s, organic, 329.-- foriiiatioti of, 622.Ultra-violet limit of t lie solar spectrutn,Uitibelliferone, 720.__ derivatives, 720.LTndccylt.nic acid, conversion of, intoUndecj-lie acid, conversion of undecy-Un g li wari t e, 3 1.Urninil, sjntltrGs of, : j i 5 .LTr:iniuni, atomic wsi(rlit of', DS8.__ iiiti-ate, abeorpt ?on spectra of, 189. - ore of Joachiinsthsl, vanadium-~ pitchblende from Joncliinist~ial,T.Tr:inoso-ur:inic pxidc, spccific heat of,LT1.;illjl mninuniutn sclenitc, e 5 O i .- bromide a d its salts, 50s.__ i)otas*iuiu sclcii:ite, 507.-- potassiuui wlenitt., X i .861.c__ :i(!l*t-, 721.-- iuetllgl-, 781.uiidecylic acid, 306.Icnic ticid into, 306.from, 989.18.m y .Iiypobroruite, 405.__ estiiitation of, in urine, 1067.- forinstion of, it; the nniiual organ-- preparation of, from blood by nlco-- researclies on, contained in theUrethane, orthamidoyhenJ-l-, 921.- ortlionitroplienyl-, 921.- hgdrochloricle, orthamidophenyl-,-- - orthamidophenyl-, action ofUric acid, dimethyl-, 48.-- derivatives, syntlicsis of, 375,-- formula, 142.-- group, compounds of, 461.Urine, detection of etliyldiacetic acid in,- detection of indican in, 343. - estiination of chlorine in, 830.- estimation of nitrogen in, 829.__ estimation of urea in, 1067.L_ of herbiToroua aninials, source of1iipp:ir-ic acid in, 952.- llobiquet's method for detectingsalicylic acid in, 7-18.Urobilin, 170.Uronitrotoluic acid, 176.ism, 952.holic clidpis, 950.organs, 175.921.potassium nitrite on, 988.4.60.560.V.Valeramide, t.richloroxy-, or trichlorova-Valerie acid, bronio-, 618.-- dibiwmo-, action of alkalislerolactamidc, 41.on, 521.hydroxj-, 45.n~onucI~l~ro-ciib~ontox~-, 46.---- iiiuctivc (isobutylf'ormic acid)and it.s stilts. I 39. ---- tricliloroxy-, or i richlorvalero-lactic acid, 42.Tulerolnctide, 140.Yalonia :wd certain otlicr sources ofVunadiuui from the uranium ore ofVanilliii in Sithill bctixo'in, 2 1.5.Vaiiillo-cliacctotinniiii(~ : 1 i i t 1 i l s s:ilts, 1-14,V:ipour-(lensitics of wri ii i t i liigl I -boi 1 iiig-- of so ti it^ iitt.f,tliic- cliloridcs,tannin, 248.Jotlchimsthal, 989.145.organic cottipottn(l5, 10?5.I t ,I 3 Ih’DLS OFT‘apour-densil ies, limits to thc applica-tion of tJic nicthod of dctcrnhing, inthe baroinetric VUCUUIII, 4.99.-- of some inorganic compounds,875. -- process for determining, 294.Vapour-dcusity a t a high temperature-- dctcrmination of, 177. -- determination, modified, 196. -- determinations a t high tcm-peratures of substances whicli attackmercury, 499.determiuations of inorganicbodies at high tenipcrat ures, 766.in a vacuum, 197.-- of alizarin, 1039.-- of ammonium dihydrosul-Vapours, influence of temperature and- magnetic rotatorj power of, 577.Vapour-tension ealinc Folutions, 4.Varec, estimat,ion of iodiuc in, 1051.T‘artry water, some peculiarities of, andits action on boiler-plates, 8.5.Vedovine, a tannin extract , 496.Vegetable life, region of the solar spec-trum indispensable to, 336.Verntrinc, absorption-spectra of, in solu-tion, 269. - colour reaction with antimony tri-chloride, 832.Ycrrjkcn’s inetliod of detecting metallicpoisons, 973.Tinasses, distillation of, 013.Vine disease, 821.Vinegar, t)elia.\-iour of tin and lead alloyswith, 990.Vines, sacchrinc -matter contained in,suflering froni tlie phj lloxera, 104.9.Viscositj u causc’ of catalysis, 876.Vitellin, .\-cget:Lble, 272.V:triol manufacture, loss of nitre in,Voltaic action, theory of, 426.- elenicnt with constant current,- polarisation, capacity of, 864.3’01 iriiic-constit rition of tlie sidphates,selcnatcs, and chromatcs of thc niag-ncsium iiiet.als;, 7f23.Volunictric estimation of oxygen in11 ater, Svliiitzenbergcr’s pro(:~‘ss, 7’7.T’j.riijw, aiial;sis c.!’ the water of the,906.phide, 880.pressure on thc spectra of, 685.838.426.W.M‘ttgnerite from Eamlc, in Norway, 441.Witcr, abmrpt.ioii cf, by lcrzvc~, 810.-- analI>i*, 963.SUBJECTS. 1165Water attached, and salt solut,ions: 428.- UoI~r’s coloriinetric pyocess for the- distancc bctwcen tlic niolecules of,- tlistillcd, preparation of, free from- clcctrolysis of, 577. - e-tiniation of nihic acid in, 274,.- evaporation of, from the ground,- ferric chloride as a purificr of,- Sor brewing, andyses of, 1078. - from the Rivcr Dart, 906. - influence of coloured light on thc- mineral, curious concretion balls- of Sh. Dunstan’s well, Melrose,-of thc mineral spring at Suhl, 516.- of the River Vyrnyw, analysis of,- of Tliirlmerc, ana1:sis of, 211. - potable, dctcct.ion and estimation-- occurreiicc of bacteria in,-- preservation of, 8 5 , 1 0 2 . - -- sanitarj. notes on, 085.~ softening magnesia-linrd, 0%. - specific lieat of, 1002._I spoiigy iron t t i d nniniul cliarcoal- sugar as a test of tlie purity of,- thermal, of Termini Imcrese, analy-- usi,d in Peruvian saltpetre works,- Vartrg, some peculiarities of, and- well, a t Groii.\-111c, compositioii of,- and methyl al(~oIio1, Iieat-capacit,yIVaters, boiler feed-, analysis of, 273. - mineral, of Auvcrgiie, 446. .-- n:itural, cstiinatioti of orguiiic~ of Lake ‘I‘hirlniere, analjsiu of,- of the Clieliff, anal~sis of, 659. - of the Nile, aniouiit of iritric :ic*i(l- \\ell, inconst:uit conipo~iit ion of,4%5.\$-ax, Jalmnese, 1037. - of E’,‘rus .q/imLi/l/~a, 261.Weeds usc(1 as salad, a:i:ilj-sis of, 821.Wtligliiiigs i n :lip, reduction of, to aexalniuiktion of, 553.194.atniiionia, 878.66’7.1072.evaporation of, 863.derived from a collicrg, 1024.analysis of, 903.906.of fcrrous acid i l l , 964.817.as niaterials for purifying, 343.1062.sis of, 698.anal>sis of, 1073.its action 011 boiler-plates, 85.1072.of mixtures of, 688.matter in, 976.906.in, 905.\ i l ( ’ l l l I l l l , 3961 ICiG ISDES OF SUBJECTS.Well-water at Grourille, composition of,]Yell-waters, inconstant conposit ion of,U’es 1&fs reaction for phl.,roglucin,Wheat, bliglited, detection of, in flour- disease, 820.Whey, skimmed, composition of, 856.TVillow, chemical constituents of, and itsWine, adulteration of, 82.- apple, 1078.- changes uhich i t undergoes when__. clarifFiiig and preserving, 290.- dntection of free tartaric acid, and- Doclinahl’s new method of prepais-- estimation of acetic acid in, 980. - cstinintion of alcohol and extractive- cstiinatioii of glyccrol in, 404. - extmctioii of tai!nin from, 1078. - fining of, 1078.- good, action of the ferment of sourwine on, 817.- pear, 1078. - plastering of, 681, 762.-__ red, colouring matter of, 171.-- inaking, 681.~- pressing of, 681.- sour, action of the ferment of, onWiles, aiiiount of sulphuric acid in,- detection of grape sugar in adul-- new, time of first racking off, 569.Wood, composition of, 613. - Qut:braclio, 996.Wood cJ~ai*~oal, absorbing power of,wood guin, 613.Wood spirit, estimation of metligl nlco-1101 in, 487.Wood rinegnr, acids ot, 4.3,Wool djeing, use of chronic alum in-stcsd of potassium dicliromate in,185.Wort, effect of artificially manuredbarley on tlic? composition of, 959.IVurts, bwr, rotatory po~vcr of, 9‘33.1072.485.979.by the spectroscope, 977.pathological formations, 160.kept, 763.of sulpliuric acid in, 981.ing, 56‘3.nistter in, 179.good wiiie, 817.762.tertited, 82.- teak, 996.761.X.Saritliinc clcrivtltircs, format ion of, fromu!lhuiiiiii, 471.Nantliinine, 78-k.Xai~tliorhainniri, 39.- formuln of, 271, 2’72.Xylene, action of sulphuric nionocldor-ide, on, 2”. - meta-, 663. - ortho-, separation of, from its iso-merides, 919.- para-, 623.- sulphnmido-, oxidation of, 52.Xylenesulpliarnide, p-meta-, 62.Xjlenesulplionic acid, dibromo-nieta-,61.Xylenes, formed by the action of a l ~ i -miiiiurn chloride on methyl chlorideand benzene, 228.Xglcnol, a solid, 64?1.- ineta-, solid, 643.Xylcnols, liomo-oaybenzyl alcohols, hy-droxytoluic aldehydes, alcohol- andaldelijde- ligdroxybenzoic acids, and11~dros~plitlialic acids, relation be-t v eeii, 084.inonobromo-, 62. --Xvliclitlc, aoeto-para-, 52.Xylidiiie, a new, 919. - acctyl a- and acetyl p-meta-, 157.- cobalt chloride, 4.61. - a- and P-ineta-, 157.- a- aiul P-inet:i-, li~drochloride, 127.- {r-meta-, nitrate, 157.- para-, and it3 salts, 51.Xyloquinone dibromometa-, 530.Y.Yeast, ii-tificial, for molasses distJlerics,-- beer-, lecithin and nuclei’n in, 811. - composition of, 477.- preservation of, 817.- pressed, preparation of, as a bje-product from potato spirit, 843.- researches on, 4.76.Yellow doloniite from Bleiberg, 19.-_ ultreniariiie, 885.Tttcrbia, 601, 602.Ytterbium, a new metal from gado-- spectrum of, 861.Ytti-ium clilorostannate, 602.Yttrogumuiite, 365,.1078.linite, 118.Z.Zinc, nction of aater aiid wlilie wlutiuiis_- acefat t*, 452.on. 11ISDES OF SUBJECTS. 1 1 6 iZinc arsenates, 881..- chloride, rayour-density of, 1014. - estimation of, 6’72.- estimation of, available in zinc-dust, 100.~ estimation of, by precipitation asoxalste, 1054. - improvements in the nianufnctureof sulphide and other compounds of,and in the production of bye-productsresulting tJierefroin, 423. - new volumetric method for estima-ting, 1054.- phosphates, 1016.__ phosphide, 508.- eep triition of ferric oxide and alu-mina froiii, 970.Zinc, separation of, from nickel, 276.- separation of niai-gancse li*oni,- sulphidc solution, electric conduc--- sulphydrate, 206. - and nicotiiie, double chloride of,distillation of, with soda-lime, 809.Zinc-dust, estimation of the urailablezinc i n , 400.Zinc-nictlijl, action of, on the bromidesof monobrominated aciJ radiclcs ofthe a-scrieic, 46.1055.tivity of, 864.1 Z i ~ o i i carFat:ils, twin, 368.~ Zoi-itv. 606., Zmd.inycr ineteori te, analjsis of, 39’7

ISSN:0368-1769    

DOI:10.1039/CA8793601113

出版商:RSC    

年代:1879

数据来源: RSC