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MIXERALOGICAL CHEMISTR P. Min e r a1 o g i c a1 C h em i s t ry. 1185 Native Lead and Chromite from the Andaman Islands. B.y F. R. MALLET (Bec. Geol. S’UTV. Ind., 16, 208-204; JiLhrb. f. &Ih., 1885, 2, Ref., 5). -At Maulmain, in Barma, cerussit’e has been found, of a bright red colour, probsbly due to an admixture of miniam. The mineral contains cavities lined with ordinary cerus- site, and several of these cavities are partly filled with metallic lI3U.l. At the village of Chuckergaon a great erratic block of chromite was found, resembling a coarsely granular sandstone richly impregnated with iron. At Port Blair, too, chromite is found in workable qunnti- ties in serpentiue, gabbro, and diorite. and Kentucky. B. H. B. Analyses of Bituminous Coals from Alabama, Tennessee, Rutile and Cassiterite in the Greifenstein Granite.By M. v. MIKLUCEIO-MACLAY (Jahrb. f. M i m . , 188.5, 2, Nem., 88-90)- The microscopic examination of a specimen of tlie granite from (heifenstein, near Ehrenfriedersdorf, showed the presence of numerous inclusions in the mica. In order to isolate these incliisions, the con- stituents of the powdered rock were separated with the help of Thoulet’s solution. The heavier portion of the powder was found to consist principally of topaz, with smaller quantities of rutile, cassite- rite, tourmaline, and apatite ; the lighter portion consisted exclusirely of mica 1vit.h inclusions. On powdering the rock, the heavier inclu- sions had been separated from the mica, and formed the heavier por- tion. Some of the brystals, separated under the microscope from the powder, were large enough to be measured ; one untransparent red By N.T. LUPTON (Chem. News, 52, 57-58).1186 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. crystal, 0-68 mm. lonq aud 0.32 rnm. broad, proving to be a twin crystal of rutile with the planes P, Pm, cnPm. This crystal gave a distinct titanium reaction. The untranspaiment grains and minute crystals, too small to be measured, gave either a titanium or tin reac- tion. In order to prove the identity of the incliisions in the mica with the grains and crystals examined, the pure mica richest in inclu- sions was dissolved in hydrofluoric and sulphuric acids, but both mica and inclusions dissolved. Ano t.her portion was then dissolved in hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids, and in the residue were small topaz crystals and black grains that gave a distinct tin reaction. The author therefore concludes that the TiO, and SnO,, shown by the analyses, are present in the granite in the form of rutile and cassi- terite, and do not belong to the chemical composition of the mica.B. H. B. Rutile from Irrrfeld. By F. RrNNE (Jahrb: f. Min., 1885, 2, Mem., Z@-i?4) .-The auihor communicates the results of the measure- ments of the rutile crystlals from the dolomite of Imfeld, in the Bin- nenthal, Wallis. He observed the following 10 planes :--mP, mP2, mP.3, mP7, mPm, P, Pp, P2, P$, Pm. The form P+ is a Ilew plane for rutile. In conclusion, he gives a table of the 25 planes hitherto observed 011 rutde crystals. B. H. B. Russian Caledonite and Linarite.By P. W. J E R E Y ~ E F F (Jahrb. f. Xk, 1885, 2, Ref., 9--lO).-CaIedonite was found by the author a t the Preobraschensk Mine, at Beresomsk. Qualitatively he found PbO, CuO, SO3, and H20. The formula of the mineral is 5PbSO4,2KZPbO2,3H2CuO2, accmling to analyses by Flight of specimens from other localities. The crystalline system is not rhombic, but monoclinic, with an axial system a : b : c = 1.0896 : 1 : 1.5773, i3 = 90" 38'. The crystals are finely prismatic, elongated in the direction of the axis b. The forms best developed are :- mPm, OP, mP, +2P, -2P. Other forms occurring are +P, -P, ++P, These are, for the most part, the planes observed on crys- tals from Leadhills, Red Gill, and Rezbanya, but ++Pm and -+Pm are new. The crystals are very brittle. H.= 2.5 to 3. The cleavage is basal perfect; less perfect parallel to mPm. Colour, bluish-green with greenish-white streak ; resinous lustre ; transparent ; distinctly dichroic. I n the Ural, cxledonite is not, as is usiiallp the case, asso- ciated with liaarite, but forms druses in auriferous quartz with cerus- site, anglesite, and bismuth ochre. Linarite was found on auriferous quartz a t Beresoask, in the Ural. It was probably formed RS a decomposition-product of aciculite and galena. It is accompanied by cerussite, but not by caledonite. The author has alao found it in the Altai Mountains, in the Annensker Mine, with azurite, for which it was formerly mistaken. The Beresowsk crystals show the following forms :-+P, mPw, OP, +$Pm, +gm, +@m, + 2Pm, -Pm, mP, mP2.The crystals, 2 to 7 mm. long, are polysynthetic twins, elongated in the direction of the axis b. The Altai crystals are 3 to 4 mm. long, and tabular. I n addition t o the -$P, +2Pq + p m , -gh, + p m , -pm, ++&I, -pm,MINERAL0 OICAL CHF, 31 ISTRY. 1187 planes exhibited by the Beresowsk crystals, the following planes m-ere observed : +iP, +2P%, &Pm, sm, c&m. From measurements of the angles of cryst’als from both localities, the monoclinic axial system a : b : c = 1.7193 : 1 : 0.8299, /3 = 102” 35’ 30” was calculated. B. H. B. Wolfram. By L. SCHNEIDEE (DingZ. polyt. J., 257, 79).-This mineral gave by andpis- W03, Sn02. As305. Si02. P20,. SO,. FeO. 56.70 7-43 traces 3.70 0.035 - 16.07 MIlO. CUO. CnO, MgO. 5-63 1.3’3 4.90 0.56 I). B. Thermo- and Actino-elecb-icity of Rock Crystal.By W. HANKEL (Ja7r.d). f. Mia., 1885, 2, Ref., l-Z)---A reply to C. Friedel and J. Curie (Bull. SOC. Miw France, 5, 282-296). B. H. B. The Formatiem and Alteration of Silicates. By R. LEMBERG (Zeit. deutmh. geob. Ges., 35, 557-618; Jahrb. f-Min., l8%5, 2, Ref., 16-19) .--The a u t h r has exanlined a number of silicates with refer- ence to their alterabion into. zeolite-like compounds. More than 260 analyses are given. B. €I. B. Milarite, By F. RFNSE (J&b. f. Nh., 1885,. 2, Mern., l-l9).- I n 1869 Kenngott described a, mineral found in the Val Milar. It was considered to 5e hexagonal, and wadj named milarite. I n 1877 G. Tschermak found that the mineral was not hexagonal, b u t that the crystals were a complex group of twin crystals of pseudo-hexagonal character, foTmed by rhombic individuals.From an optical examina- tion of 50 pJates of the mineral cut perpendicularly and parallel to the length of the crystall, the author finds that Bhe mineral was originally hexagonal, but by secondary circumstances $he .way is prepared for its dissolution into parts of lower symmetry. This dissolution is pecu- liar to each crystal. The anthoy has no intent<ion of regarding milarite as a typical representative of the hexagonal sphem. It may be assumed to hold a position on the borders of the rhombic system, secondary causes 8iminiAing its high hexagonal symlmetry, so that it then satisfies the demands of t h e rbombic system. B. H. B. The Proportion of Chlorine in Scapolites. By G. TSCHER- MAK (Jahrb.f. Min , 1P83, 2, Mem., 72--73).--A reply to Streng (Jahrb. f. Min., 1885, 1, Mem., 182). B. H. B. Diagnosis of Zeolites. By A. LACROIX (Compt. rend., 101, 74- 76).--Zeolites which do not form definite crystals can be recognised and classified by means of their optical properties combined with the results of chemical analysis. Fibrous zeolites can be divided into t’wo gronps according to their birefractive power. In oue group, which includes pectolite, prehnite,1188 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. and thomsonite, the birefractive power approaches that of peridote ; in the other, which includes mesotype, stilbite, okenite, laumonite, scolesite, and heulandite, the birefractive power is similar to that of quartz, Zeolites which have no extension are very feebly birefractive.Fibrous zeolites crystallising in the rhombic system (prehnite, thomsonite, mesotype, okenite) have their extinctions parallel with the edge of extension, and the plane of the axis is parallel with the direction of elongation, except in the case of thomsonite, in whichthe plane of the axes is transverse. The other fibrous zeolites are mono- clinic, and the extinction varies with the species ; the plane of the axes cuts the edge of extension a t a greater or less angle, but is never perpendicular to it except in heulandite. In tbomsonite, heulandite, and laumonite the sign of extension is sometimes positive, sometimes negative. I n pectolite and mesotype it is positive, but negative in prehnite, okenite, scolesite, epistilbite, and some rarieties of heulandite.The bissectrix is positive in pectolite, prehni'te, thomsonite, meso- type, okenite, heulandite, christianite, harmatome, and heusterite, but negative in scolesit.e, laumonite, stilbite, and epistilbite. Two fibrous zeolites, pectol ite and okenite, contain no aluminium ; prehnite, laumonite, okenitc, stilbite, and heulandite contain calcium ; mesotype contains sodium alone ; pectolite, thomsonite, scolesite. and epistilhite contain sodium and calcium ; christianite contains calcium, potassium, and sometimes sodium ; harmatome contailis barium ; brewsterite barium and strontium. Amongst the zeolites which show no extension, apophyllite, dolia- nite, analcime, chabazite, levynite, and gmelinite are uniaxial ; eudna- phite is rhombic ; herschelite and gismondite are probably mono- clinic.C. H. B. Pseudomorphs of Hornblende after Olivine. By B. KOLENKO (Jahrb. f. Niin., 1885, 2, Mem., 90--91).-Pseudorniorphs of horri- blende after olivine were first pointed out by F. Becke (Abstr., 1883, $44). The author has observed t,hese pseudomorphs as a very characteristic peculiarity of an interesting variety of greenstone in the Province of Olonez, on the north shore of Lake Onega. Between diorites and diabases, a pale greenish-grey granular rock a,ppears, which, according to the microscopic examination, mas be regarded as a highly metamorphosed olivine diabase. I n this rock, the olivine is completely pseodomorphed, partly into hornblende and partly into chloritic substance. B. H. B. Unwrought Jadeite from Switzerland. By A.B. MEYER (Jahrb. f. itfin., 1885, 2, Ref., 6-8) .-Irregularly shaped specimens of unwrought jadeite of native origin have been found by F. Beck and H. Messikommer on the shores of Lake Neeuenburg. Jade and iiephrite axes have been frequently found in this district. Analjsis gave the following results :-MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 1189 1 Si02. 1 Also3. 1 FeO. 1 MnO. I CaO. MgO. N%O. H,O. Total. I ! I 1 3.42 3.36 3.31 I. Beck’s specimen ; 11. Messikommer’s specimen ; 111. Axe from Lake Neuenberg. The analjsis of the axe from the same district should show the identity of the unwrought and wrought material. The author is of opinion that, by chance, an axe, very rich in soda, was employed for analysis, and that others could easily be found containing the same percentage of soda as the unwrought mineral.From these analyses, it is evident that the mineral consists of jadeite, poor in soda, with which some quartz is mixed. The microscopic structure of the unwrought specimens is the same as that of many wrought axes. The author concludes that the specimens are undoubted unwrought jadeite of native origin, and not water-worn axes, nor unwrought material brought from elsewhere. B. H. B. Nephrite from Jordansrnuhl in Silesia. By H. TRAUBE (Juh~b. f. &!in., 1885, 2, Mem,, 91--94).-Kenngott (this vol., p. 1119) has endeavoured to prove that the nephrite from Jordansmuhl, described by the author (this vol., p. 361), is not a true nephrite, but probably a mixture of grammatite and diopside. The reasons given are that the Jordansmuhl mineral contains, in comparison with other nephrites, too much silica ; the low percentage of alumina bears no relation to the percentage of water, and its microscopic structure differs from that of other nephrites.In reply to this, the author now brings forward a number of analyses of unquestionable nephrite from Fiseher’s work on nephrite. These nephrites agree in their compo- sition with fhe Jordansmii hl neplirite, many of them containing even inore silica. Analyses by Fellenberg show, too, that a large per- centage of water with a low percentage of alumina is of frequent occurrence. And with reference to the microscopical structure, it has been shown by Arzruni that every occurrence of nephrite may hare special peculiarities in its microscopical structure, by means of which nephrites from different localities may be distinguished.The charac- teristic microscopic needles of hornblende have been shown to be undoubtedly present in the J ordansmiihl nephrite. B. H. B. Hypersthene Andesite from Peru. By F. H. HATCH (Jah~b. f. Min., 1885, 2, Mem., 73--78).-The author gives the results of an examination of the hypersthene andesife collected by Stubel among the volcanoes north of the town of Arequipa. The rock is the lava of the Cirro Chachani. I n a ground-mass partly grey and partly brown, porphyritic crystals of felspar occur, with small quantities of horn- blende and biotite. An analysis of carefully isolated felspar gave the following results :- VOL. XLVIII. 4 11190 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.Al,03 + Fe20,. ---- 1'38 1 -33 1 -66 3 *oo SiO,. A1203. CaO. Na20. K20. Ignition. Total. 57-31 27.62 6-06 6.25 3-05 0.25 100-54 The felspar is thus an andesite of normal composition ; but appa- rently mixed with a little orthoclase. B. H. B. Distribution of Cordierite in Rocks. By E. HUSSAK (Juhrh. f. Miqb., 1885, 2, Mem., 81-82).-With reference to the distribution of cordierite in the Hungarian andesites, the author states that the mineral undoubtedly occurs in violet-blue grains, but very rarely, and has decidedly not the enormous distribution that Sxabd imagines. The author examined a series of Hungarian andesites with and with- out garnets, but was quite unable to find any cordierite. In the Hungarian trachytes, under which collective term Szab6 includes both the quartz-free and quartzose members of the trachyte and andesite group, cordierite is certainly not so common as quartz.It is frequently difficult to distinguish cordierite from quartz, and Szab6's method of distinguishing cordierite, by the flame test and micro- chemical reaction for sodium, appea'rs unsatisfactory, as there are undoubt,edly cordierites. containing no sodium. From quartz it is best distinguished by an examination in convergent light, and from felspar by Behrens' micro-reaction for magnesium. B. H. B. Nickel Ore from Piney Mountain, Oregon. By V. HOOD (Jahrb. f. &?in., 1885, 2, Ref., 15--16).-The ore occurs in two varieties, both amorphous, sp. gr. 2-3 ; it adheres t o the tongue. The first variety does not fall to pieces when placed in water, whilst the second does.Chemically, and in external appearance, the ore resem- bles garnierite (noumeite) ; the mode of occurrence, too, is the same. Analysis gave the following results :- ~ NiO. MgO. 23.88 19-90 29-66 21'70 24-01 21.66 24.00 12.51 -- ~ -__I_ Var. A.. ........ Var. B. ........ Garnierite ...... Noumeite ....... - SiO,. 48 *21 40.35 47-23 47'90 - - HaO. -- 6.63 7-00 5-26 12-73 Sp. gr. 2.20 2'20 2.27 2.58 -- Variety A, like noumeite, falls to pieces in water ; while variety B, like garnierite, does not fall to pieces. The Ngawi Meteorite. By E. H. v. RAUMHAUER (Jahrb. f. Min., 1885, 2, Ref., 30--31).-ou the 3rd of October, 1883, between 5 and 5.30 P.M., a meteor was observed in the centre of Java. It moved from west to east, and exploded with a loud report.Stones were found at two points 44 miles apart, at Gentoeng and at Kedoeng Poetri, both in the district of Ngawi. The meteoric stone of Kedoeng Poetri is in the Leyden Museum. It has a wedge-like form, its weight is 202 grams, and i t is covered with a dull, brownish-black crust Q mm. thick, The sp. gr. is 3.11 at 15". Under the microscope, the Gentoeng B. H. B.ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 1191 FeO 15.61 NiO .... 1.57 MnO ... trace .... Silicates not decomposed by hy- drochloric acid ............ Chrome-iron .................. 0.47 100*00 CaO .... 0.96 I Na,O . 1-56 [K,O.. .. 0.25 ..... 0.47 100.0(3 B. H. B. --MIXERALOGICAL CHEMISTR P.Min e r a1 o g i c a1 C h em i s t ry.1185Native Lead and Chromite from the Andaman Islands.B.y F. R.MALLET (Bec. Geol. S’UTV. Ind., 16, 208-204; JiLhrb. f.&Ih., 1885, 2, Ref., 5). -At Maulmain, in Barma, cerussit’e hasbeen found, of a bright red colour, probsbly due to an admixture ofminiam. The mineral contains cavities lined with ordinary cerus-site, and several of these cavities are partly filled with metalliclI3U.l.At the village of Chuckergaon a great erratic block of chromite wasfound, resembling a coarsely granular sandstone richly impregnatedwith iron. At Port Blair, too, chromite is found in workable qunnti-ties in serpentiue, gabbro, and diorite.and Kentucky.B. H. B.Analyses of Bituminous Coals from Alabama, Tennessee,Rutile and Cassiterite in the Greifenstein Granite. ByM. v. MIKLUCEIO-MACLAY (Jahrb. f. M i m . , 188.5, 2, Nem., 88-90)-The microscopic examination of a specimen of tlie granite from(heifenstein, near Ehrenfriedersdorf, showed the presence of numerousinclusions in the mica.In order to isolate these incliisions, the con-stituents of the powdered rock were separated with the help ofThoulet’s solution. The heavier portion of the powder was found toconsist principally of topaz, with smaller quantities of rutile, cassite-rite, tourmaline, and apatite ; the lighter portion consisted exclusirelyof mica 1vit.h inclusions. On powdering the rock, the heavier inclu-sions had been separated from the mica, and formed the heavier por-tion. Some of the brystals, separated under the microscope from thepowder, were large enough to be measured ; one untransparent redBy N.T. LUPTON (Chem. News, 52, 57-58)1186 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.crystal, 0-68 mm. lonq aud 0.32 rnm. broad, proving to be a twincrystal of rutile with the planes P, Pm, cnPm. This crystal gave adistinct titanium reaction. The untranspaiment grains and minutecrystals, too small to be measured, gave either a titanium or tin reac-tion. In order to prove the identity of the incliisions in the micawith the grains and crystals examined, the pure mica richest in inclu-sions was dissolved in hydrofluoric and sulphuric acids, but both micaand inclusions dissolved. Ano t.her portion was then dissolved inhydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids, and in the residue were smalltopaz crystals and black grains that gave a distinct tin reaction. Theauthor therefore concludes that the TiO, and SnO,, shown by theanalyses, are present in the granite in the form of rutile and cassi-terite, and do not belong to the chemical composition of the mica.B.H. B.Rutile from Irrrfeld. By F. RrNNE (Jahrb: f. Min., 1885, 2,Mem., Z@-i?4) .-The auihor communicates the results of the measure-ments of the rutile crystlals from the dolomite of Imfeld, in the Bin-nenthal, Wallis. He observed the following 10 planes :--mP, mP2,mP.3, mP7, mPm, P, Pp, P2, P$, Pm. The form P+ is a Ilew planefor rutile. In conclusion, he gives a table of the 25 planes hithertoobserved 011 rutde crystals. B. H. B.Russian Caledonite and Linarite. By P. W. J E R E Y ~ E F F(Jahrb. f. Xk, 1885, 2, Ref., 9--lO).-CaIedonite was found by theauthor a t the Preobraschensk Mine, at Beresomsk.Qualitatively hefound PbO, CuO, SO3, and H20. The formula of the mineral is5PbSO4,2KZPbO2,3H2CuO2, accmling to analyses by Flight ofspecimens from other localities. The crystalline system is notrhombic, but monoclinic, with an axial system a : b : c = 1.0896 : 1 :1.5773, i3 = 90" 38'. The crystals are finely prismatic, elongated inthe direction of the axis b. The forms best developed are :- mPm,OP, mP, +2P, -2P. Other forms occurring are +P, -P, ++P,These are, for the most part, the planes observed on crys-tals from Leadhills, Red Gill, and Rezbanya, but ++Pm and -+Pmare new. The crystals are very brittle. H. = 2.5 to 3. The cleavageis basal perfect; less perfect parallel to mPm.Colour, bluish-greenwith greenish-white streak ; resinous lustre ; transparent ; distinctlydichroic. I n the Ural, cxledonite is not, as is usiiallp the case, asso-ciated with liaarite, but forms druses in auriferous quartz with cerus-site, anglesite, and bismuth ochre.Linarite was found on auriferous quartz a t Beresoask, in the Ural.It was probably formed RS a decomposition-product of aciculite andgalena. It is accompanied by cerussite, but not by caledonite. Theauthor has alao found it in the Altai Mountains, in the Annensker Mine,with azurite, for which it was formerly mistaken. The Beresowskcrystals show the following forms :-+P, mPw, OP, +$Pm, +gm,+@m, + 2Pm, -Pm, mP, mP2. The crystals, 2 to 7 mm. long,are polysynthetic twins, elongated in the direction of the axis b.TheAltai crystals are 3 to 4 mm. long, and tabular. I n addition t o the-$P, +2Pq + p m , -gh, + p m , -pm, ++&I, -pmMINERAL0 OICAL CHF, 31 ISTRY. 1187planes exhibited by the Beresowsk crystals, the following planes m-ereobserved : +iP, +2P%, &Pm, sm, c&m.From measurements of the angles of cryst’als from both localities,the monoclinic axial system a : b : c = 1.7193 : 1 : 0.8299, /3 =102” 35’ 30” was calculated. B. H. B.Wolfram. By L. SCHNEIDEE (DingZ. polyt. J., 257, 79).-Thismineral gave by andpis-W03, Sn02. As305. Si02. P20,. SO,. FeO.56.70 7-43 traces 3.70 0.035 - 16.07MIlO. CUO. CnO, MgO.5-63 1.3’3 4.90 0.56I). B.Thermo- and Actino-elecb-icity of Rock Crystal. By W.HANKEL (Ja7r.d).f. Mia., 1885, 2, Ref., l-Z)---A reply to C. Friedeland J. Curie (Bull. SOC. Miw France, 5, 282-296). B. H. B.The Formatiem and Alteration of Silicates. By R. LEMBERG(Zeit. deutmh. geob. Ges., 35, 557-618; Jahrb. f-Min., l8%5, 2, Ref.,16-19) .--The a u t h r has exanlined a number of silicates with refer-ence to their alterabion into. zeolite-like compounds. More than 260analyses are given. B. €I. B.Milarite, By F. RFNSE (J&b. f. Nh., 1885,. 2, Mern., l-l9).-I n 1869 Kenngott described a, mineral found in the Val Milar. Itwas considered to 5e hexagonal, and wadj named milarite. I n 1877G. Tschermak found that the mineral was not hexagonal, b u t that thecrystals were a complex group of twin crystals of pseudo-hexagonalcharacter, foTmed by rhombic individuals. From an optical examina-tion of 50 pJates of the mineral cut perpendicularly and parallel to thelength of the crystall, the author finds that Bhe mineral was originallyhexagonal, but by secondary circumstances $he .way is prepared for itsdissolution into parts of lower symmetry.This dissolution is pecu-liar to each crystal. The anthoy has no intent<ion of regarding milariteas a typical representative of the hexagonal sphem. It may beassumed to hold a position on the borders of the rhombic system,secondary causes 8iminiAing its high hexagonal symlmetry, so that itthen satisfies the demands of t h e rbombic system. B. H. B.The Proportion of Chlorine in Scapolites. By G. TSCHER-MAK (Jahrb. f. Min , 1P83, 2, Mem., 72--73).--A reply to Streng(Jahrb. f.Min., 1885, 1, Mem., 182). B. H. B.Diagnosis of Zeolites. By A. LACROIX (Compt. rend., 101, 74-76).--Zeolites which do not form definite crystals can be recognisedand classified by means of their optical properties combined with theresults of chemical analysis.Fibrous zeolites can be divided into t’wo gronps according to theirbirefractive power. In oue group, which includes pectolite, prehnite1188 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.and thomsonite, the birefractive power approaches that of peridote ;in the other, which includes mesotype, stilbite, okenite, laumonite,scolesite, and heulandite, the birefractive power is similar to that ofquartz, Zeolites which have no extension are very feebly birefractive.Fibrous zeolites crystallising in the rhombic system (prehnite,thomsonite, mesotype, okenite) have their extinctions parallel withthe edge of extension, and the plane of the axis is parallel with thedirection of elongation, except in the case of thomsonite, in whichtheplane of the axes is transverse.The other fibrous zeolites are mono-clinic, and the extinction varies with the species ; the plane of theaxes cuts the edge of extension a t a greater or less angle, but is neverperpendicular to it except in heulandite.In tbomsonite, heulandite, and laumonite the sign of extension issometimes positive, sometimes negative. I n pectolite and mesotypeit is positive, but negative in prehnite, okenite, scolesite, epistilbite,and some rarieties of heulandite.The bissectrix is positive in pectolite, prehni'te, thomsonite, meso-type, okenite, heulandite, christianite, harmatome, and heusterite,but negative in scolesit.e, laumonite, stilbite, and epistilbite.Two fibrous zeolites, pectol ite and okenite, contain no aluminium ;prehnite, laumonite, okenitc, stilbite, and heulandite contain calcium ;mesotype contains sodium alone ; pectolite, thomsonite, scolesite.andepistilhite contain sodium and calcium ; christianite contains calcium,potassium, and sometimes sodium ; harmatome contailis barium ;brewsterite barium and strontium.Amongst the zeolites which show no extension, apophyllite, dolia-nite, analcime, chabazite, levynite, and gmelinite are uniaxial ; eudna-phite is rhombic ; herschelite and gismondite are probably mono-clinic.C. H. B.Pseudomorphs of Hornblende after Olivine. By B. KOLENKO(Jahrb. f. Niin., 1885, 2, Mem., 90--91).-Pseudorniorphs of horri-blende after olivine were first pointed out by F. Becke (Abstr., 1883,$44). The author has observed t,hese pseudomorphs as a verycharacteristic peculiarity of an interesting variety of greenstone inthe Province of Olonez, on the north shore of Lake Onega. Betweendiorites and diabases, a pale greenish-grey granular rock a,ppears,which, according to the microscopic examination, mas be regarded as ahighly metamorphosed olivine diabase. I n this rock, the olivine iscompletely pseodomorphed, partly into hornblende and partly intochloritic substance. B. H. B.Unwrought Jadeite from Switzerland.By A. B. MEYER(Jahrb. f. itfin., 1885, 2, Ref., 6-8) .-Irregularly shaped specimensof unwrought jadeite of native origin have been found by F. Beckand H. Messikommer on the shores of Lake Neeuenburg. Jade andiiephrite axes have been frequently found in this district. Analjsisgave the following results :MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 11891 Si02. 1 Also3. 1 FeO. 1 MnO.ICaO. MgO. N%O. H,O. Total. I ! I 13.423.363.31I. Beck’s specimen ; 11. Messikommer’s specimen ; 111. Axe fromLake Neuenberg. The analjsis of the axe from the same districtshould show the identity of the unwrought and wrought material.The author is of opinion that, by chance, an axe, very rich insoda, was employed for analysis, and that others could easily befound containing the same percentage of soda as the unwroughtmineral. From these analyses, it is evident that the mineral consistsof jadeite, poor in soda, with which some quartz is mixed.Themicroscopic structure of the unwrought specimens is the same as thatof many wrought axes. The author concludes that the specimens areundoubted unwrought jadeite of native origin, and not water-wornaxes, nor unwrought material brought from elsewhere.B. H. B.Nephrite from Jordansrnuhl in Silesia. By H. TRAUBE (Juh~b.f. &!in., 1885, 2, Mem,, 91--94).-Kenngott (this vol., p. 1119) hasendeavoured to prove that the nephrite from Jordansmuhl, describedby the author (this vol., p. 361), is not a true nephrite, but probablya mixture of grammatite and diopside.The reasons given are thatthe Jordansmuhl mineral contains, in comparison with other nephrites,too much silica ; the low percentage of alumina bears no relation tothe percentage of water, and its microscopic structure differs fromthat of other nephrites. In reply to this, the author now bringsforward a number of analyses of unquestionable nephrite fromFiseher’s work on nephrite. These nephrites agree in their compo-sition with fhe Jordansmii hl neplirite, many of them containing eveninore silica. Analyses by Fellenberg show, too, that a large per-centage of water with a low percentage of alumina is of frequentoccurrence. And with reference to the microscopical structure, it hasbeen shown by Arzruni that every occurrence of nephrite may harespecial peculiarities in its microscopical structure, by means of whichnephrites from different localities may be distinguished.The charac-teristic microscopic needles of hornblende have been shown to beundoubtedly present in the J ordansmiihl nephrite. B. H. B.Hypersthene Andesite from Peru. By F. H. HATCH (Jah~b. f.Min., 1885, 2, Mem., 73--78).-The author gives the results of anexamination of the hypersthene andesife collected by Stubel amongthe volcanoes north of the town of Arequipa. The rock is the lava ofthe Cirro Chachani. I n a ground-mass partly grey and partly brown,porphyritic crystals of felspar occur, with small quantities of horn-blende and biotite. An analysis of carefully isolated felspar gave thefollowing results :-VOL. XLVIII.4 1190 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.Al,03 + Fe20,. ----1'381 -331 -663 *ooSiO,. A1203. CaO. Na20. K20. Ignition. Total.57-31 27.62 6-06 6.25 3-05 0.25 100-54The felspar is thus an andesite of normal composition ; but appa-rently mixed with a little orthoclase. B. H. B.Distribution of Cordierite in Rocks. By E. HUSSAK (Juhrh. f.Miqb., 1885, 2, Mem., 81-82).-With reference to the distribution ofcordierite in the Hungarian andesites, the author states that themineral undoubtedly occurs in violet-blue grains, but very rarely, andhas decidedly not the enormous distribution that Sxabd imagines.The author examined a series of Hungarian andesites with and with-out garnets, but was quite unable to find any cordierite.In theHungarian trachytes, under which collective term Szab6 includesboth the quartz-free and quartzose members of the trachyte andandesite group, cordierite is certainly not so common as quartz. It isfrequently difficult to distinguish cordierite from quartz, and Szab6'smethod of distinguishing cordierite, by the flame test and micro-chemical reaction for sodium, appea'rs unsatisfactory, as there areundoubt,edly cordierites. containing no sodium. From quartz it isbest distinguished by an examination in convergent light, and fromfelspar by Behrens' micro-reaction for magnesium. B. H. B.Nickel Ore from Piney Mountain, Oregon. By V. HOOD(Jahrb. f. &?in., 1885, 2, Ref., 15--16).-The ore occurs in twovarieties, both amorphous, sp. gr. 2-3 ; it adheres t o the tongue. Thefirst variety does not fall to pieces when placed in water, whilst thesecond does. Chemically, and in external appearance, the ore resem-bles garnierite (noumeite) ; the mode of occurrence, too, is the same.Analysis gave the following results :-~NiO. MgO.23.88 19-9029-66 21'7024-01 21.6624.00 12.51-- ~ -__I_Var. A.. ........Var. B. ........Garnierite ......Noumeite .......-SiO,.48 *2140.3547-2347'90 --HaO.--6.637-005-2612-73Sp. gr.2.202'202.272.58--Variety A, like noumeite, falls to pieces in water ; while variety B,like garnierite, does not fall to pieces.The Ngawi Meteorite. By E. H. v. RAUMHAUER (Jahrb. f. Min.,1885, 2, Ref., 30--31).-ou the 3rd of October, 1883, between 5 and5.30 P.M., a meteor was observed in the centre of Java. It movedfrom west to east, and exploded with a loud report. Stones werefound at two points 44 miles apart, at Gentoeng and at Kedoeng Poetri,both in the district of Ngawi. The meteoric stone of Kedoeng Poetriis in the Leyden Museum. It has a wedge-like form, its weight is202 grams, and i t is covered with a dull, brownish-black crust Q mm.thick, The sp. gr. is 3.11 at 15". Under the microscope, the GentoengB. H. BORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 1191FeO 15.61NiO .... 1.57MnO ... trace....Silicates not decomposed by hy-drochloric acid ............Chrome-iron .................. 0.47100*00CaO .... 0.96 I Na,O . 1-56[K,O.. .. 0.25 ..... 0.47100.0(3B. H. B.-

ISSN:0368-1769    

DOI:10.1039/CA8854801185

出版商:RSC    

年代:1885

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.Organic C h e m i s t r y ,1191Sodium Fulminate. By A. EHRENBERG (J. pr. C'hem. [2], 32,230-2%) .--Sodium fulminate, C2N,O2Na2 + 2H20, is obtained bythe action of sodium amalgam on an aqueous solution of mercuryfulminate ; the solution obtained being evaporated over lime andsulphuric acid. It crystallises in colourless, lustrous prisms, whichexplode with great violence when rubbed ; when left for some timeover sulphuric acid and lime, the crystals become white and opaque,the anhydrous salt being formed. If the aqueous solution is evapo-rated on the water-bath, it turns yellow, and finally brownish-red ;similar changes occur on exposure to air. When an aqueous solutionis electrolysed, the products are ammonium carbonate and cyanate, abrown humus-like substance, carbonic oxide, nitrogen, and nitrous4 1 1192 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.oxide, and towards the end of the decomposition carbonic anhydrideand small quantities of hydrocyanic acid.Hydrogen peroxide con-verts it into ammonia, sodium carbonate, carbonic anhydride, andhydrocyanic acid.The double snlt, CaN,02Na2,C2N,02Hg + 4H20, is obtained by theaction on mercury fulminate of half the amount of sodium amalgamnecessary for its complete decomposition, or by mixing solutions ofthe two component salts. It crystallises in colourless plates, is readilysoluble in water, and is less explosive than the mercury salt. Whena small quantity of dilute acid is added to an aqueous solut'ion, mer-cury fulminate is precipitated. Strong hydrochloric acid decomposesit, mercury, sodium, and arnmonium chlorides, and hydroxylaminehydrochloride being obtained.A. J. G.Fulminuric Acid. By A. EHRENBERG (J. pr. Chem. [2], 32, 9i-11 1) .-On heating silver fulminurate with concentrated hydrochloricacid in sealed tubes a t 110", traces of carbonic anhydride and carbonicoxide are given off; one-third of the nitrogen present is obtained inthe form of hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and the remaining two-t'hirds in the form of ammonium chloride. The reaction t8akes placein a similar manner a t 100" under normal pressure, but is complicatedby secondary decompositions.Hydrochloric acid also acts slowly on silver fulminurate a t thenormal temperature, forming a white crystalline substance insolublein cold water, which leaves no ash on ignition; it contains 4.4 percent. of H and 22.96 per cent.of C. The nitrogen was not deter-mined. No bydroxylatnine or ammonium chloride are formed.The author considers that, the constitution of fulminuric acid isprobably in accordance with the formula HON C<oc(NB>>. OC(NH)The oil obtained by Schischkoff by passing hydrogen chloridethrough alcohol containing potassium fnlminurate in suspension, isnot an ether of fulminuric acid, but has the composition CJH,EtN06,and forms additive compounds with ammonia arid the amirles. Theammonia compound, C6H14N205, is obtained on adding alcoholic ammo-nia to a dry ethereal solution of the oil, in the form of white scaleswhich have a fatty lustre and melt a t 152" j on the addition of acids,the original oil is thrown down unaltered. By heating the ammoniacompound a little above its melting point it is decomposed, a freshcompound being formed which has not yet been examined.The aniline co~~apound, CI2Hl8N2O5, crystallises in microscopic,slender, white needles, is soluble in alcohol and ether, and melts a tabout 81".The methy lamine and stlaylamine compounds are white,crystalline, and deliquescent. By acting ou the oil with concentratednitric acid, oxalic acid, and an oily product which may be distilledwith steam are obtained. A. P.Chloro- and Bromo-fulminuric Acids. By A. EHRENBERQ (J. pr.Ohenz. [a], 32, 11 1--116).-CChZorofu~rninu~ic acid, C3H2C1N3O3, maybe prepared by passing a stream of chlorine through well-cooled dryether containing silver fulminurate in suspension. It forms a brilliantORUAXIC CHEMISTRY.1193white, crystalline mass, readily soluble in ether, chloroform, andalcohol, hut insoluble in light petroleum, carbon bisulphide, andbenzene; it is decomposed by water. On treating its alcoholic S S ~ U -tion with silver nitrate in different proportions, two siEweT salts,( a ) C3C1Ag?N3O3, and ( b ) C3HC1AgN,O3, are formed. By adding anammoniacal copper solution to an aqueous solution of the acid, anabundant precipitate of slender, reddish-violet crystals of the cupram-mowiuin saEt is formed. All salts of t h i s acid are readily decomposedby moisture or heat. An unsuccessful attempt was made to preparea dichloro-acid, by passing chlxine through ether containing themono c hloro- acid in suspension.Bromo f u Zmilzuric acid, C3H2BrN30,was obtained by gradually adding bromine to ether containing silverfulminurate in suspension ; its solubilities are the same as those of thechloro-compound, and it is also decomposed by water, although iiotso readily ; it crystallises in tlhin white scales, and forms two silversalts similar in constitution to the chloro-derivatives. Iodofdminuricacid was also prepared, but has not yet been fully investigated.Action of Silver Cyanide on Sulphur Chloride. By R.SCHNEIDER ( J . pr. Clzern. [2], 32, 287--21U).-The protlucts of thisreaction are silver chloride and cyanogen sulphide and pers ulphide.Cyanogen sul phide, C2N2S, has been already described by Linnemann(Awnalen, 120, 36).Cyanogen perszdphide, C2N,S3, exists in two modifications, beingf i r s t obtained its a colourless crjstalline mass, soluble in carbonbisulphide, which, after a time, changes spontaneously iuto an in-soluble, probably polymeric, modification ; this is an odourless, dark-yellow powder, which beconies strongly electrical when rubbed, andshows signs of crystalline.structure uiider the microscope. It isdestitute of taste and odour, and is insoluble in water, alcohol, ether,carbon bisulphide, and chloroform. Concentrated sulphuric acidseems to dissolve it without decomposition, and boiling nitric acidslowly dissolves it with evolution of carbonic anhydride and forma-tion of sulphuric acid.Strong aqueous potash dissolves it andconverts it into a substance of acid nature which was not furtherexamined. When heated alone, cyauogen Fersulphide loses sulphurand carbon bisulphide, and a substance of the formula C,N, isobtained ; this forms a dirty yellow or pale yellowish-brown, specifi-cally light powder, which when strongly heated is completely resolvedinto cyanogen and nitrogen; it thus, both in appearance and pro-perties, closely resembles Liebig's mellon.A note is appended to the paper stating that Reed finds thatthe compound of the empirical formula C,N4, when heated with con-centrated hydrochloric acid at 170-180", is converted into cyanuricacid and ammonin, thus contirming the view expressed by Schneiderthat the substance is triqanuramide, N3( C,N,),.Thiocyanuric Acid.By A. W. HOFMANN (Be].., 18, 2196-2207).-Methyl thiocyanurate was already prepared by the author (Abstr.,1880, 797) by heating the thiocyanate at 180-185O. Experimentsnow show that the reaction does not take place a t all when pureA. P.A. J. G1194 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.methyl thiocyanate is used, but readily in presence of a few drops ofhydrochloric or sulphuric acid. This methyl salt is not acted 011by water at 180"; a t 220" it gives off a faint odour of mercaptan.Concentrated hydrochloric acid a t 100" decomposes it completely intomethyl inercaptsn and cyanuyic acid. The ethyl and amyl salts wereprepared in a similar way, and form high boiling liquids which havenot been examined.Thiocyanuric w i d , N,C,(SH),, is prepared (1) by heating the methylsalt with sodium sulphide at 250", and subsequently treating theproduct with hydrochloric acid; (2) by slightly warrning a mixtureof cyanuric chloride wit,h sodium sulphide, and adding hydrochloi-icacid to the solution of the product in water.It is a crystalline sub-stance very sparingly soluble in water, alcohol, etber, benzene, andnitrobenzene : dilute hydrochloric acid has very little action on it at loo', but decomposes it a t ,200" into hydrogen eulphide and cyanuricacid. It decomposes sodium carbonate in the cold. Sodium thio-cyanurnte, C,H,NaN,S, fornis very lustrous crystals, readily solublein cold water. The barium salt (with 2 mols. H,O) forms largerefractive prisms; it loses all its water at 280".The siluer, lead,coppr, potassium, lithium, and many other salts were prepared. Alkylsalts are conveniently obtained by the action of cyanuric chloride onthe sodiomercaytides of the different alcohols and phenols.N. H. M.Ammelide. By M. STRIEGLER (J. pr. Chem. [2], 32, 128).--There are two series of basic derivatives of amuelide having the com-position C6N8H7M'Oa and C6N8'I16M'Z01. The normal ammonium-derivative, a compound of the latter class, forms slender needles ; it isvery unstable, losing water of crystallisstion and ammonia, on expo-sure to the air, the hydrogen ammonium 'derivative being formed ; byheating a t loo", all the ammonia is driven off, pure ammelideremaining. When ammelide is treated with phosphorous penta-chloride, cyanuric chloride and phosphorous oxychloride are formed.Preparation of Additive Products of Hypochlorous Acid.ByR. LAUCH (Ber., 18, 2287-2289).-The method consists in treatingbleaching powder of known strength with excess of boric acid, thenadding the theoretical amount, of the organic compound, and keepingthe mixture in the dark, with constant agitation, until the solutionno longer shows bleaching propertes. The chlorinated compound isthen extracted with ether. Ethyl chlorhgdrin was prepared by thismethod from ethyl ether ; chlorobromhydrin from bromallyl ; anddiallylchlorhydrin from diallyl. A. P.Optical Rotatory Power of Invert Sugar. By 0. GUBBE(Ber., 18: 2207-2219) .-Sulphuric and hydrochloric acids raise thespecific rotatory power of invert sugar nearly in proportion to thequantity of acid.For sulphuric acid, S = 0 to 5, (a) - =A. P.20D- (19.983 + 0.16979. S). For hydrochloric acid, S = 0 to 3, (a) 20 =ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1195- (19.995 + 0.32621. S) ; S being the quantity of acid calculated inthe proportion 10 sugar to 100 water. Oxalic acid has no influence.The influence of water and of temperature mere also examined;tables are given showing the results of the experiments.Action of Bromine on Dimethylamine. By F. RASCHIG(Ber., 18, 2249-2251) .-On the addition of bromine-water to asolution of dimethylamine, dimethylamine hydrobromide and hypo-bromite appear to be formed, and these, by the action of a furtheramount of bromine, yield a voluminous yellow precipitate of n sub-stance of the formula C2H,,Br3NO2.This compound volatilises a t theordinary t ernperatnre, and is decomposed a t 60", bromine-vapourbeing given off ; i t is dissolved by hydrochloric acid, being convertedinto dimethy lamine hydrochloride, The tribromo-derivative is veryunstable, being readily decomposed by acids or alkalis ; it is solublein ether and alcohol, but is insoluble in water.N. H. M.A. P.Action of Ethyloxalic Chloride on Derivatives of Carbamideand Guanidine. By &I. STOJENTIN ( J . pr. Chem. [2], 32, 1-32).-Thiocarbanilidot hiozanilide, NHPh*C S-C O*NPb*C S*NHPh, is pre-pared by gradually adding ethyloxalic chloride to a warm solutionof diphenylthiocarbamide in benzene until ethyl chloride and carbonicanhydride are no longer given off.The substance crystallises iiiyellow, hair-like needles, soluble in ether, concentrated sulphuricacid, and in aniline ; dilute alkalis also dissolve it, but with partialdecomposition. It is insoluble in, and partially decomposed by, water,melts a t 231", and is decomposed by keeping for any length of time,hydrogen sulphide being formed. When heated a t 200" in a sealedtube with fuming hydriodic acid, it is completely decomposed. Whentreated with fuming nitric acid, the compound c15H8N4605 is formedas a yellowish-white crystalline precipitate ; it is insoluble in ether,$c., and is sparingly soluble in water and boiling alcohol ; it has aslightly alkaline reaction, and melts at 235"; when warmed withdilute soda, paranitraniline is formed, and also a white crystallinecompound which has not, yet been examined.On dissolving thiocarbanilidothioxanilide in boiling alcohoI andgradually adding an alcoholic solution of silver nitrate, diphenyl-parabmic acid is formed, and by dissolving this compound in warmfilming nitric acid and pouring the solution so obtained into cold water,a precipitate of diiLitrodipherLylparabarLic acid, CI5H8N40,, is throwndown in small white prismatic needles; it is insoluble in the usualsolvents, and yields nitraniline when heated with aqueous alkalis.Thiocarbanilido tlhioxanilide, when treated with aniline and silvernitrate, yields oxalyltriphenyl guanidine.By treating dry t hiocarb-anilidothioxanilide with alcoholic ammonia, a white crystallinesubstmce having the composition C,4H,,W,O3 is formed ; it is tasteless ;ordinary nitric acid has no action on it, but the fuming acid dis-solves it a t a gentle heat, and on pouring the solution into watera yellow crystalline compound is precipitated having the compositionC,,H,,N,O, ; it melts a t 235", and when boiled with aqueous alkalisis decomposed, ammonia and nitraniline being formed.A secon1196 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.substance is formed by the action of alcoholic ammonia on thio-carbanilidothioxanilide, and separates from the mother-liquors inslender, pearly scales, readily soluble in ether and alcohol; it con-tains sulphur, and hm an extremely bitter taste; ib melts at 130".Oxallyldzi3henyldithiobiuret, <CO.Nph.Cs>NH, is obtained byacting on monophenylthiocarbamide with ethyloxalic chloride ; itcrystallises in hair-like needles, melts at about 215", and dissolves inaqueous soda with a yellow colour, giving off it characteristic fragrant,odour; when treated with silver nitrate, a white crystalline compound isformed.On warming monophenylcarbamide with ethyloxalic chloride,carbonic oxide and ethyl chloride are given off, and two new com-pounds are formed, ethylic phenylallophanate, NHPh*CO-NH*COOEt,which forms white needles and melts at 220°, and monophenykparabanic acid, <co-N,>CO, which crystallises in silky scales, isreadily soluble in alcohol, ether, and hot water, and melts at 208" ; i thas a slightly acid reaction, and is soluble in hydrochloric acidwithout decomposition.C0NPh.C SCO *NPhCO-NPh J)t$enylparabanic acid, < co.Nph>Co, may be obtained bygradually adding ethyloxalic chloride to benzene containing diphenyl-carbamide in suspension ; it forms white, glistening needles, melts at204", dissolves readily in alcohol or ether, and is insoluble in water ;by heating with alkalis, aniline and oxalic acid are formed.Carbonyltr+ Fumy lg.ua?tidin e ?I ydroch loridc, C 0 < NPh > C NPh,HCI,is formed by the gradual addit'ion of ethyloxalic chloride t o benzenecontaining triphenylguanidine in suspension ; it forms white needles,melts at 190", and is slowly decomposed on keeping; when reducedwith sodium amalgam or alcoholic potash, triphenylguanidine is againformed, and by the action of silver nitrate carbon2/ltrip?Lenyl~.uaplinirnenitrate, C20H1SN404, is obtained ; it crystallises in octahedra,, dissolvesin alcohol, but is insoluble in water; it melts at 185" ; on heating i twith hydrochloric acid in sealed tubes a t 160°, a substance crystal-lising in beautiful, long, reddish needles is formed, but this has notyet been further examined.On treahing carbonyltriphenylguanidinewith nitric acid, a substance having the coinposit(ion C,,H,,N,O, ++H,O is obtained in slender white needles; it melts a t 200°, andappears to be identical with a substance formed in small quantitiestogether with carbonyltriphenylguanidine nitrate by the action ofsilver nitrate on carbonyltriphenylguanidine.A. P. IIBy K. NATTERER (il!fonn.fs?l,. Chem., 6, 519-523).-The author confirms the accuracy of his statement (Abstr.,1882, 1045) that parachloraldehyde can be volatilised in a vacuumwithout dissociat.ion. The density of the vapour at 181*5", and undwa pressure of 46.9 mm., is 8-25 referred to air as unity. The con-stitutional formula of the compound will beNPhParachloraldehydeORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 11 97This compound is not attacked by nascent hydrogen evolved fromiron and acetic acid, by silver acetate, or alcoholic ammonia at loo",Oxidation of the Ketones. By G. WAGNER (Ber., 18, 2266-226s) .-By heating methyl butyl ketone with chromic mixture insealed tubes at 150-155" for five hours, butyric and normal vnlericacids are formed, whilst on conducting the oxidation a t the ordinarytemperature, butyric acid alone is produced ; this confirms the author'stheory that the oxidation products of the ketones vary with theor by boiling with potassium hydroxide.w. c. w.pressire, temperature, &c. A(J. Buss. Chem. Xoc., 1884 (i), 645 and695.) A. P.Reactions with Nitromethane. By A. PFUNGST (J. pr. Chem.[ 23, 237-238).-GZyceryZ formate dichloride, C,H,Cl,.O.CHO, is ob-tained by heating dichlorhydi-in (1 mol.) with nitromethane for 20hours at 220O; it is a colourless oil of ethereal odour, and yieldsmonoformin when warmed with alcoholic soda.Ethylene chlorhydrin and nitromethane yield a colourless chlori-nated oil, boiling a t above 130" ; it is still under investigation.Nitromethane does not act on phenylhydrazine up to 20" otherwisethan as a solvent.If a mixture of the two is heated for 10 hoursat 140", methylamine and a crystalline substance are obtained, thelatter in quantity too small for further investigation.Fat of the Fruit of Myristica Surinamensis. By C. L. REIMKRand W. WILL (Ber., 18, 2011--2017).--The fruits of this plant haverecently been imported into Germany under the name of oil nuts.The fruit is about the size of a cherry, the shell is dark-grey, ribbed,mid very easilj broken. The kernel is brown and hard and shows awhite and brown marbled surface when cut across. The powderedkernels yield 73 per cent. of their weight to boiling ether. The crudefat left on evaporation of the ether forms a hard brittle mass ofyellowish-bro wn colour and crystalline structure and melts at 45".The main constituent of this fat is trimyristin, free myristic acid alsooccurs in small quantity, together with various amorphous substanceswhich were not further investigated.Trimyristin (like tripnlmitin and tristeai in) appears to occur in twomodifications having different melting points.If it is heated to 55"it melts, and when allowed to cool forms a, crystalline mass still show-ing the same melting point. If, however, the fused mass is heated to57-58" and then allowed to cool, it solidifies to a transparent porce-1ail;l-like mass which melts at 49". When this last modification isheated a t 50" for half a minute, i t becomes again solid and crystalline,and now shows the melting point 55".When myristamide is heated withbrominat'ed potash, it is converted into the mixed carbamide,C,,H,7*NH.CO*NH*ClrH270. This crystallises well, me1 ts a t 103", isinsoluble in water, nearly insoluble in cold alcohol, soluble in ether,and when fused with potash gives a good yield of the amine of thenext lower series. A.J. G.A. J. G.Ethyl myristate boils ati 295"1198 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.Iodopropargylic Acid. By B. HOMOLKA and B. STOLZ (Ber., 18,2282-2286).-Potassium iodopropargy late, G I i CGOOK, crystallisesin small lustrous needles and is very hygroscopic. The barium salt,(CI i C.C00)2Ba, forms an amorphous mass, readily soluble in water.The copper salt, (CI i C*COO)2Cu, and silver salt, CI i CGOOAg, arealso described.An attempt made to obtain iodopropargylic acid bythe action of an aqueous potassium iodide solution of iodine on cupricpropargylate proved unsuccessful, tetmiodoethy Zene, CI, : GI,, beingformed ; this crystallises in prisms, and melts with deconiposition a tabout 165", it is also formed by the action of an aqueous potassiumiodide solution of iodine on the copper compound of acetylene.Bromiodac?yZic acid, C,HIBr*COOH, is obtained by dissolving iodo-propnrgylic acid in fuming hydrobromic acid ; it forms colourlessneedles, melts a t 96", and is soluble in ether, alcohol, and hot water;it is not identical with the isomeric acid obtained by Hill (Abstr.,1879, 616).6-Diiotlacry Zic acid, CzT : CH-COOH, obtained by dissolving iodo-propargylic acid in fuming hydriodic acid, forms yellowish prisms,melts a t 133", and is soluble in alcohol, ether, and hot water.n-P-DiiodacryZic acid, CHI : CI-COOH, is formed by boiling anethereal solution of propargylic acid with a slight excess of iodine ; itcrystallises in very fine, prismatic needles, melts a t 106", and is solublein ether, alcohol, and hot water ; it volatilises with steam.Bibro7niodcrcry7zc acid, CIBr CBr-COOH, which is possibly identicalwith the compound obtained by Mabery and Lloyd (Abstr., 1882,1048), may be prepared by adding excess of a solution of bromine inc hloroforni to a well-cooled solution of iodopropargylic aci d in chloro-form; it forms mcgnificent, silky needles, and melts at 147"; it issoluble in alcohol, ether, and hot water.Dibl.o-nziodethyZe,Le, CIBT CBrH, is obtained on adding bromine toan aqueous solution of iodopropargylic acid ; it forms small, yellowishprisms and melts a t 66".Triiodacrylic acid, C12 : CI*COOH, may be obtained by heating anethereal solution of iodopropargylic acid with the theoretical amountof iodine in u reflux apparatus for two hours ; it forms large, colourlessprisms, which turu reddish on exposure to light ; it melts a t 207", andis soluble in ether, alcohol, and hot water.Diiodobromacrylic acid, GI, CBr.COOB, i s obtained by heating anethereal solution of iodopropargylic acid with the theoretical amountof bromine iodide for some hours in a reflux apparatus; i t formscolourless lustrous scales, and melt's a t 182".It is isomeric with thatobtained by Mabery and Lloyd (Abstr., 1881, 1125).A. P.Polyacetylene Compounds. By A. BAEYEK (Rer., 18, 2269-2281) .-A better yield of diacetylenedicarboxyvlic acid (this vol., p. 759)is obtained if free propargylic acid is employed for its preparationinstead of the ethyl salt.Ethyl diacetylenedicnrboxylate, C10H1004, may be prepared by passinghydrogen chloride through an alcoholic solution of diacetyleuedicar-boxylic acid cooled t o 0"; it is a fragrant smelling oil, and boils a ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 119918P" under 200 mm. pressure ; by reducing its alcoholic solution withzinc-dust and hydrochloric acid, propargyl ethyl ether is formed.The acid obtained by boiling an aqueous acid salt of diacetylene-dicarboxylic acid (Zoc.cit.) is diacety lenemonocnrboxylic acid,CH C-C i C*COOH;it is very sensitive to light. The alkaline copper compound yields onox; dat ion with potassium f errocy anide t etracefy 1 enedicarboql k acid,COOH-C i C-C i C-C i C*C i CGOOH j this forms fine colourless necdles,which blacken quickly even when protected from light ; it is extremelyexplosive, and yields sebacic acid when reduced.By warming ammonium diacetylenedicarboxylate with cuprou schloride a t SO", a reddish-violet precipitate of the copper compound ofdiacetylene is formed, and this, when heated with a concentratedsolutiori of potassium cyanide, yields a gas which has an odour some-what like dipropargyl, and which when passed through an ammoniacalsolution of caprous chloride again yields the reddish-violet precipitate ;with an ammoniacal silver solution, it forms a yellow precipitate whichis exceedingly explosive ; exploding even when rubbed in the wet statebetween the fingers.Ethyl iodopropargylate, CI i CCOOEt, may be prepared by actingon the wet copper compound of ethyl propargylate with a solution ofiodine in aqueous potassium iodide ; it crystallises in large colourlessprisms, and melts a t 68". The f r e e acid, C I i CCOOH, may be ob-tained by saponifying the ethyl salt ; it form# slender colourless prismsand melts a t 140".iWoniodoacetylene, CI i CH, may be prepared by passing steamthrough an aqueous solution of barium iodopropargylate ; it distils inoily drops which solidify at a lower temperature, and has a dis-agreeable odour somewhat like phosphorus oxychloride. It is solublein water, and is very volatile ; its vapour appears to be exceedinglypoisonous; on keeping for some time it changes into an odourlesscrystalline compound, which nielts a t 171" and is probably triiodo-benzene. With ammoniacal cnprous chloride, moniodoacetylene formsa purple-red precipitate, which soon changes into a mixture of cuprousiodide and the red copper acetylene compound.Diiodoacetylene, C I i CI, probably identical with the compoundobtained by Berend ( A n n d e n , 135, 256), melts a t 78"; if rapidlyheated i t explodes slightly, and by heating for some time a t 100" it isdecomposed, 8 solid substance melting at 184" being formed, which isprobably hexaiodobenzene.Diiododiacetylene, C I i C*C i GI, is obtained by treating the silverdiacetylene compound uuder water with a solution of iodine inaqueous potassium iodide ; it forms colourless crysttls and melts a t101"; it smells like iodoform, and when heated in tubes explodesviolently with a flash of red light; if kept for some time exposedto light it is polymerised, forming a brown crystalline mass wliichdetonates on heating.The author discusses a t some length the con-stitution of acetylene compounds, explaining the reactions by a slightmodification of the Le Be1 and Van't Hoff theory. a. P1200 ARSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.Action of Sulphur Chloride on Ethyl Sodacetoacetate.By K.BUCEKA (Bey., 18, 2090-2093).-The formation of hydroxy-nvitic acid by the action of chloroform on ethyl sodacetoacetate(Oppenheim and Pfni€, this Journal, 1874, 1161) suggested the possi-bility that by substituting sulphur chloride for chloroform a substancerelated to the thiophen-group might he formed. It was found, how-ever, that the product of the reaction was a compound of the formulaS ( CHAc-COOEt),, a sulphide of ethyl acetoacetate. This crystallisesin colourless prismatic needles, and melts a t 80-81". Many attemptswere made to obtain a condensation-product from this by the actionof reducing agents, but they were all unsuccessful, owing t o thereadiness with which t>he sulphur is eliminated. The action of sul-phur chloride on derivatives of ethyl acetoacetate and on ethyl sodo-malonate is being investigated.Carbonyl chloride acts on ethyl sodacetoacetate with formation ofethyl chloracetoacetate, carbonic oxide, and sodium chloride.A.J. G.Conversion of Ketonic Acids into Unsaturated L actones.By L. T. THORNE (Ber., 18, 2263-2264).-By the dietillation ofa-methyl-p-acetopropionic and a-ethyl-P-methylacetopropic>nic acids,water is separated, and the unsaturated lactones, C',H80, and C8H,,0,,are foymed. These compounds and the substance C7H,,0,, previouslyobtained from a-ethyl-P-acetopropionic acid (Trans.? 1881, 343), areall analogous to P-angelica lactone lately described by Wolff (this vol.,p. 1123), but are more stable, as the isomeric derivatives correspond-ing with Wolff's a-angelica lactone appear to be formed with muchgreater difficulty, and none have as yet been isolated.It thereforeappears that the introduction of radicles of the fatty series into thisclass of lactones increases their stability. A. P.Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Dimethylsuccinic Acids.By R. LEUCKART (Ber., 18, 234&2352).-Otto and Beckurts havestated (this vol., p. 754) that symmetrical dimethplsuccinic acid(m. p. 193'), prepared from pyrocinchonic acid, jjelds an anhydride,from which by the action of water they obt,ained unsymmetricaldimethylsuccinic acid (m. p. 240-241'). The author finds that the sym-metrical dimethylsuccinic acid prepared from ethyl a-bromopropionateand ethyl sodomethylmnlonate (Rischoff and Rach, this vol., p.SSS),when heated, yie'lds an anhydride, C6H,03, crystallising in iridescentplates, and melting a t 79-81". This, however, seems to be a mixture,as when dissolved in water it gives in addition to symmetrical dimethyl-succinic acid, a small quantity of an acid crystallising in lustrousprisms, and melting a t 121-122". If, therefore, Otto and Beckurts'acid is converted into an isotneride of higher melting point by heat-ing and dissolving in water, it cannot be identical with dimethyl-succinic acid, although a'greeing with it in physical properties.Unsymmetrical dimethylsuccinic acid, COOH*CH2*CMe,*COOH,can be spthesised by boiling ethyl isobutenylt~icarboxylate withhydrochloric acid. The acid so obtained melts a t 138-139", and isidentical with that obtained by Pinner by the oxidation of mesityleniORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 1201acid (Abstr., 1882, 912), and probably also with that obtained byKachler from phorone (this Journal, 1872, 1011).EthyE isobutenyl-tricarbozylate, COOEt,*CMe2*CH(COOEt)2, obtained by the action ofethyl a-bromisobutyrate on ethyl sodomalonate, is a liquid boiling at181-185" under 30 to 40 mm. pressure, and at 279-281' with slightdecomposition under the atmospheric pressure. A. J. G.Glycide Pyroracemate. By F. ERHART (Jfonatsh. Chem., 6, 511-518).-When a mixture of equivalent quantities of glycerol andglyceric acid is heated i n a retort a t 120", carbonic anhydride andncraldehyde are given off, and an acid aqueous distillate passes over.When the temperature rises to 190-240°, glycide pyroracemate distilsover, and solidifies in the receiver. On recrystallisation, this com-pound is obtained in long, colourless needles. It melts a t 82", andboils at 240" without decomposition.It is soluble in alcohol and inhot water. The pyroracernate unites with metallic oxides to formcrystalline compounds. C6H9R05 crystallises in silky needles whichdissolve freely in water. The calcium salt, ( C6H804)2,Ca(OH), + 2H20, is efflorescent. The copper compound, (C6H,04),,Cu(OH)2 + 3H20, is sparingly soluble in cold water.The author points out that glycide pyroracemate is identical withSchlagdenhauffen's " pyruvine " (this Journal, 1872, lOOO), and alsowith Bottinger's so-called glycuvic acid (this Journal, 1877, ii, 443),and further that " glycuric " acid is not formed by the distillation ofpure glyceric acid. It is only produced when the glyceric acid con-tains glycerol.w. c. w.Malic Acid. By H. VAN'T HOFF, jun. (Ber., 18, 2170-2172).-Malic acid, prepared from the l ~ v o - and dextro-acids, and that ob-tained by the action of soda on fumaric acid, are shown by crystallo-graphic measurements to be identical with one another and wit,hPasteur's acid (see also this vol., p. 1049). N. H. M.Substitution-products of Acetonedicarboxylic Acid. By M.DUNSCHMANN and H. V. PECHMANN (Ber., 18, 2289--2290).-By treat-ing acet,onedicarboxylic acid with hydrogen cjanide and saponifyingthe nitrile thus produced, citric acid is again formed (compare thisvol., p.138). Like ethyl malonate and ethyl acetoacetate, ethylace tonedicarboxylate foriris metallic substitu tion-compounds withalkali-metals and copper, and these may be again replaced by organicradicles, Substitution-products of acetonedicarboxylic acid wereformed by a method similar to that used €or the preparation of sub-stituted acetoacetates, from one to four organic radicles being intro-duced into the CH, groups. The substitution-products thus obtainedwere partly liquid and partly crystalline. No unsymmetrical com-pounds were observed, but those containing an uneven number ofsubstituted radicles were milch less stable than those containing aneven number. By the saponification of these compounds, carbonicanhydride is given off, and the corresponding ketone obtained.Nodetails are given. A. P1202 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.Action of Ammonia, on E thy1 Acetonedicarboxylate. BgH. V. PECHMANN and H. STOKES (Ber., 18, 2290-2292).--Bth;yZp- hydroxy amidog Zutamats, NH2*C 0 *CH2*C (OH) (NH2) CH2* C OOE t? 1sprepared by acting on ethyl acetonedicarboxvlate with aqueous ammo-nia. It forms coloiirless needles, melts at 86", and is decomposed byacids, ammonia being given off. Alkalis convert it into the compoundC5N2H602, which the authors propose to call glutazin. This formscolourless needles, which are decomposed at a high temperature with-out melting. On treatment with bromine-water, pentabromacety Z-acetarnide, CBr3*CO*CBr2*CONH2, is formed. By the action of phos-phorous pentachloride on glutazin, four new chloro-compounds areformed, C5N2H4Cl2O2, melting a t 241.5" ; C5N2H3Cl,0, melting a t 282" ;C5N2H3CI3, meltiiig at 157.5" ; and C6N2H,C1,, melting a t 212".Oneof the chlorine-atoms of the last compound may be substituted byethoxyl, and the compound C5N2H2Cl3-OEt formed; it melts at 83".By treating the tetrachloro-compound with hydrogen iodide, Ost's"1- hydroxypyridine is formed.Methylhydroxyglutaric Acid from Levulinic Acid and thecorresponding Lactonic Acid. By K. KRECKELER and B. TOLLENS(Ber., 18, 2018-2020) .-By repeatedly digesting levulinic acid withrather more than the equivalent quaritity of potassium cyanide, firstat the ordinary temperature, and towards the end of the reaction a t80-loo", and treating the resulting cyanide with hydrochloric acid,the authors have obtained an acid of the formula C6Hlo05, whichreadily loses water and is converted into the lactonic acid C,H,04.These acids proved to be identical with the methylhydroxyglutaricacid and its laotonic acid, obtained by Fittig and Rredt (Abstr,, 1882,34) from isocaprolactone.The acid C6H804, obtained by Kiliani fromsaccharone (Abstr., 1883, 562), i s not identical with the lactonic acid.A. P.A. J. G.Action of Phosphoric Chloride on Meconic Acid. By E.HIISEBEIN (J. pr. Chew. [Z], 32,129-153).-The author investigatedthis reaction in hopes of obtaining a chlorochelidonic acid by the re-placement of the hydroxyl-group by chlorine ; this compound was,however, not formed.When meconic acid (1 mol.) is heated with phosphoric chloride(5 mols.) and phosphoric oxychloride (the latter serving only as asolvent for the meconic acid), a liquid chloride, C5HC15(COC1), ? isformed ; when this is treated with ice-water, i t yields an acid of theformula HO*C,C10(COOH)2, whilst with water at 70", much oxalicacid and uncrystallisable products are formed.Chloronzecenic acid, HO*CsCIO( COOH), + H20, prepared as above,is obtained in prismatic crystals resembling those of gypsum ; it meltsat 165" with decomposition, is sparingly soluble in water, readilysoluble in alcohol and ether.Its aqueous solution has a strongly acidreaction, and gives an intense dark-green coloration with ferricchloride. The yield is about 13 per cent. of the meconic acid em-ployed.The moreethyl salt, COOH*C6C10 (OH)*COOEt, crystallises inlusbrous needles, melts at 148", and can be sublimed. With ferriORGANIC CHEXSTRY. 1203chloride i t gives a dirty-green coloration, changing to red on heating.When heated with acetic anhydride, it gives an acetyl compound,CO OH* C5C 10 ( 0 s ) *COOEt, crystal lising in concent ncally grouped,slender, lustrous needles, and melting a t 70". The hydrogen bariwrnsalt, (C7BzC106)Ba, crystallising in long prisms, and a basic bariumsalt, ( C7C106)2Ba3, forming a Fellowish-white crystalline powder, wereobtained.Chloryyromecenic acid, C,H,CIO-OH + H,O,. prepared by the drydistillation of chloromecenic acid, crystallises In long pale yellowprisms, melts a t 174", but sublimes even at the ordinary temperature ;it is sparingly soluble in water, readily in alcohol and ether, andgives a dark green coloration with ferric chloride.The calcium salt,( C,H,C10*0)2Ca, crystallises in nodular groups of needles.Whilst dilute ammonia converts chloromecenic acid iuto its ammo-nium salt, the action of excess of concentrated ammonia leads to theformation of a blue colouring matter, soluble in alkalis, and reprecipi-tated by acids, and of a red colouring matter which is obtained fromthe filtrate from the last by extraction with ether ; neither could becrystallised.Chlorodihydromecenac acid, H0*C5H,C10( COOH),, is obtained by theaction of sodium amalgam on an acid solution of chloromecenic acid,It crystallises in tufts of prisms, melts at 145" with partial decom-position, is sparingly soluble in water, readily in alcohol and ether,and gives a clear green coloration WiOh aqueous ferric chloride.It was not found possible to replace the chlorine in chloromecenicacid by hydrogen without, a t the same time, replacing the hydroxyland adding 8 atoms of hydrogen.When heated with fuming hydr-iodic acid aft loo", h ydroxyamyl~~edicarboxytic acid, C,H,flH(COOH),,is obtained. This crystallises in hard, transparent., colourless, spear-shaped €orms, and sublimes a t a higher temperature, melts a t 149",is sparingly soluble in cold, readily in hot water and in alcohol orether, insoluble in chloroform and benzene. It has an acid reac-tion, and gives no coloration with ferric chloride. The silver salt,C,H,,O(COOAg)z, is a white crystalline powder.The ethyZ salt,C,H,,O(COOEt),, is a colourless thick liquid ; it boils at 250", and isinsoluble in water, soluble in alcobol and ether. When heated withlime, hydroxyamylenedicarboxylic acid yielded ft small quantit.y of acolourless liquid boiling at 129-130", and of an odour resemblingthat of fuse1 oil; on analysis, it gave numbers agreeing with thoserequired for an amyl alcohol, but the amount obtained was too smallto identify it. A. J. G.Nitrogenous Derivatives of Comenic Acid. By E. MENXEL(J. pr. Chem. [el, 32, 176-1186).--Pl~enyZconrenamic acid, C,,H,NO, + H20, is obtained by heating an aqueous solution of comenic acidwith aniline. It crystallises in colourless tet,rahedrons, is soluble inwater, and gives a violet coloration with ferric chloride.Ethy7come-namic acid, C,H,NOa + 2H,O, prepared in a similar manner from ethyl-amine and comenic acid, crystallises in large colourless prisms, meltsat, 210" with evoliition of gas, and gives a violet coloration with ferricchloride. E t h y l i c ethylcornenamate hydroch7oride, (CsH,N0,Et)2,HCl1204 ABSTRACTS OF CHENICAL PAPERS.is obtained by treating an alcoholic solution of the acid with hydrogenchloride ; it crystallises in aggregates of coIourless needles ; wbentreated with aqueous soda, it yields the free acid, whilst with alcoholicsoda i t yields the ethyl salt, C8H8N04Et; the latter crystallises incolourless needles, and melts a t 114-115". When ammonia andbarium chloride are added to the hydrochloride.long, thin needles ofthe formula (C,,,H,2N04)2Ba + H20 are obtained.A cety IRthyE~yromeconumic acid, C9HllN03, is obtained by heatingethylcomenarnic acid with acetic anhydride in sealed tubes at 160".It. crystallises from benzene in prismatic forms containing 1 mol. ofbenzene, which it loses at 80" ; it melts at 140".~th?l~l3yromeconanlic acid, (3, HgNOz, is obtained by boiling theacettyl compound with water, or by heating ethyl comenamate at 210" ;it crystallises in needles, melts a t lGCj", is readily soluble in water,alcohol, and chloroform ; less readily in benzene, and is not decom-posed when heated with hydrochloric acid at 240". When oxidisedwith potassium permanganate, it yields oxalic acid and ethylamine.Asmall quantity of ethylamine is also formed when it is treated withsodium amalgam. A. J. G.By H. B. HILL amd A. W. PALMER(Ber., 18, 2095--2097).--6-Sulphopyromucic acid is obtained byslowly adding pyromucic acid to fuming sulphuric acid. It crystal-lises in deliquescent prisms, and yields oxalic and succinic acids whenfused wit,h potash. The barium salt, cont'rary to the statement ofSchwanertl (Annulen, 116, 268), crystallises in globular aggregates ofxmall prisms of the formula BaC5H2SOs + 4H20. The lead salt,PbC5HzSOs + 2Hz0, and the silver salt, Ag2C5H2SO6, are also de-scribed. Wheii the barium salt is treated with bromine-water, it isconverted into barium sulphate and funiaric acid.An acid of the formula COOH*C,Br,O*SO,H is obtained by theaction of fuming sulphuric acid on 6-y dibromopyromucic acid(Abstr., 1884, 1305).The barium Ralt, BaC,Br,S06 + 5Hz0, crys-tnllises in long slender needles, and when treated in aqueous solutionwith bromine yields barium sulphate and dibrommaleic acid. Whenthe dibrom-acid is treated with zinc iu amrnoniacal solution, 8-snlpho-pjromucic acid is formed.W-hen 8-monobromopyromucic acid is dissolved in fuming sulphuricacid, a sulphobromopyromucic acid is obtained crystallising in longdeliquescent needles ; its barium salt has the formula BaC5HBrS06 + 5H20. When the acid is treated with zinc-dust, in ammoniacalsolution, it yields 8-snlphopyromucic acid, isomeric with that describedabove. The barium salt, BaC5H,S06 + HzO, crystallises in concentricgroups of small prisms.Sulphopyromucic Acid.A.J. G.Compounds of Thiophen. By 0. STADLER (Ber., 18, 2316-2320) .- Thiophenine ( amidot hiophen) hy dmchl oride, CaSH3*NH2, H C1 ,is prepared by suspending the stannochloride (chis vol., p. 972) inthe least possible quantity of water, dezomposing with hydrogensulphide and evaporating the filtrate in a vacuum over sulphuric acidand soda ; i t crystallises in long lustrous needles. When heated witORQANIC CHEMIST RF. 1205acetic chloride, it yields ft dark-red powder which, if rubbed, showsthe coppery lustre characteristic of the aniline dyes. I t is soluble inconcentrated sulphuric or acetic acids with magenta colour, but isinsoluble in most other solvents ; it could not be purified.When a solution of thiophenine hydrochloride is mixed with aqueousdiazobetizene chloride, a precipitate is obtained of a substance crgstal-lising i n pellow, misroscopic needles of the formulaPhN2*C4SH,*NH2,HCI + QH20.This is soluble in water and alcohol, and does not yield nitrogen whenboiled with hydrochloric acid.A similar compound crystallising inmicroscopic, red needles is obtained by the action of a-diazonaphtha-lene on the hydrochloride. It is not very soluble in water and alcohol,and dyes silk. A yellow dye is also obtained by the action of diazo-benzenesulphonic acid ; it crystallises in red needles.Nitrotkienol, NO2-CaSH,*OH, is oht,ained by the action of potassiumnitrite on the hydrochloride, the mixture being a t first cooled witll'ice, but afterwards heated on thc water-bath.It crgstalliees incolourless needles, meltls a t 115-1 1 6 O , dissolves in alkJis with yellowcolour, and closely resembles paranitrophenol in most of its propprties.The yield is very small, much resin being formed.A mixture of thioplienine hydrochloride and mebhyl alcohol whenheated in sexled tubes a t 250-280" gave, not as was hoped, dirnethyl-thiophenamine, bnt methyl niercaptan and carbonaceous products.By J. MESSIXGER (Bey., 18, 2300-2303) .-Acetothioqlen, C4SIIMe2& is prepared by treating 5 granisof thioxylen, diluted with 100 grams of light petroleum with 3.5 gramsof acetic chloride, small quantities of aluminium chloride being addedfrom time to time ; the mixture is occasionally heated on thewater-bath.I t is a colourless liquid of sp. gr. 1.0'310 at 17" (watera t 17" = 1) and has not a disagreeable odour ; i t boils a t 223-224"(uncorr.), and soon becomes discoloured on exposure to air. It givesR red coloration with isatin and sulphuric acid.DirnetA yltliiefiylrnethy Zacefoxinae, C4SHMe,*CMc : NOH, is obtainedby t'he action of hydroxylaruine hydrochloride and sodium ethoxideon an alcoholic solution of acetothioxjlen; it crystallises in thickwhite needles, and melts a t 65". Phenylhydrazine reacts with aceto-thioxylen, but the product could not be cryatallised.Acetothioxylen, when oxidised with potassium permanganate, yieldsa mixture of products from which, by solution in ammonia, boilingwith animal charcoal, and precipitation with silver nitrate, a yellowsilver salt was obtained, which, when treated with ether and methyliodide, yielded methyl thiophentkarboxylate, CASH( COOMe)3.1 tcrystallises in plates, melts a$ 118", and is readily soluble in alcoholand ether. The fi-ee acid could not be prepared from want ofmaterial. A. J. G.A. J. G.Thioxylen from Coal Tar.Synthesis of Thioxylen and Pyrroline-derivatives. By .C.PAAL (Ba-., 18, 2251-2254) .-A thioxylen possibly identical withMessinger's (this V O ~ . , p. 1052) may be obtained by heating acetonyl-VOL. XLVIIJ. 4 1206 ABSTRAUTS OF UHEMIGAL PAPERS.acetone (this vol., p. 505) with finely powdered phosphorous pentasul-phide in a reflux apparatus ; it forms a colourless, mobile liquid havinga slightly unpleasant odonr, and boils at 134-135" (uncorr.). Thepure compound readily dissolves sulphur ; with isatin and sulphuricacid, it forms a cherry-red coloration, becoming reddish-brown whenheated ; on adding the compound and concentrated sulphuric acid toa solution of phenanthraquinone in glacial acetic acid, a magnificentviolet coloration is formed, and by the addition of the thioxylen to asoln tion of benzoylformic acid in concentrated sulphuric acid, a darkreddish-brown coloration is formed.Dibromothiozylen, C4SBr2MeS2, is obtained by adding the theoreticalamount of bromine to a solution of thiosylen, both in solution i ncarbon bisulphide ; it crystallises in large needles, softens at 47", andmelts at 50".Tribromotkioxy Zen may be prepared by dissolving the dibromo-deriva-tive in excess of bromine and allowing it to remain for 12 hours ; it crys-tallises from alcohol in slender white needles, and melts at 142-144".By the oxidation of thioxylen with an alkaline solution of potassiumpermangana te, meth y I thiop hencarboay lie acid,C4SH2MeGOOH [Me : COOH = 2 : 51,is formed ; it melts at 142", is readily soluble in alcohol, ether, andboiling water, and crystallises from the latter in white needles, sub-limes a t 120", and yields no colour reaction with isatin and sulphuricacid.The silver salt forms 8 white, crystalline powder, somewhatsoluble in water. When acetonylacetone is heated with a slightexcess of alcoholic ammonia in sealed tubes for an hour at 150",dimehhylpyrroline, identical with that obtained by Weidel and Ciami-cian (Abstr., 1880, 404), and Knorr (this vol., p.995), is formed.Bromination of and p-Thiophenic Acids. By R. BONZ(Ber., 18, 2308-231 5 ) .-Dibrom-a-thiophenic acid is described byPeter (this vol., p. 765) as melting a t 209-211". The dibromo-p-thiophenic acid, prepared from p-thiophenic acid, melts at 220-222"The author finds that there appears to be complete identity in thecrystalline form and all other properties, of these two acids, exceptmelting point, and that their derivatives-of which a large numherwere prepared and compared-also show complete identity. Theauthor prepared the a-acid according to Peter's directions, and fonndthe melting point, after repeated recrystallisation, to be 212-213" ;if, however, this a-dibromo-acid is converted into the amide or intotlie methyl salt, and these compounds are then saponified, &c., the acidobtained shows the melt,ing point 220-221".The author thereforethinks that these acids must be identical. The following derivativeswere prepared in each case from both the a- and /3-acids. Bariumsalt, (C5SHBr,02)2Ba + 3+H.,O, crjstallises in needles. The silversnlt, C,S HHr202Ag, a granulo-crystalline powder. The methyl salt,C4SHBr2.COOMe, crystallises in needles and melts a t 80-80.5".Dibromcthiopkenic chloyide crystallises in silky ceedles, and melts at55.5-39-5". I)ibi-ornot7zio~henan~ide, C4SHBr2-CONH2, crystallises inslender, white, interlaced needles, and nielts at 165.5-167'A. POHaANIC CHEMISTRY.1207Remarks on the Preceding Paper. By VICTOR MEYER ( B e y . , 18,2315-2316).- The unexpected results described above, led to a com-parison of a- and P-thiophenic acids, which showed that' they certainlydiffer in melting point, and also in their solubilities in water ; never-theless all the derivatives of these acids- such as bromine-derivatives,ketones prepared by distillation, &c., show no marked differences.Whether the isomerism between the a- and p-acids is physical, orwhether the resemblance in properties of the derivatives is only acci-dental, or, lastly, whether the a-acid, alt,hongh apparently pure, maybe contaminated with some very adherent impurity in quantity toosmall to be detected by analysis, can only be settled byfurtherinvesti-gation.Action of Ethyl Chlorocarbonate and Sodium Amalgam onDi-iodothiophen.By R. NAHNSEN (Bey., 18, 2304).-1t wasthought that this reaction would lead to the formation of a thio-phendicarboxylic acid, but only a considerable quantity of p-thiopheiiicacid wasobtained together with traces of a solid acid.Gattermann is continuing the research with this object.A. J. G.A. J. G.Synthesis of Thiophendicarboxylic Acid. By R. BONZ (Bey.,18, 2305--2307).-As there is good reason to suppose that dibromo-thiophen is a para-cornpound, it was thought advisable, in the firstplace, to ascertain if paradibromobenzene would yield terephthalic acidwhen treated with e thy1 chlorocarbonate and sodium amalgam--areaction that has been shown to yield isophthalic acid in the case ofmetadibromobenzene together with metabromobenzoic acid (Wurster,this Journal, 1874, 369).Terephthalic acid is exclusively formed intlie case of paradibromobenzenc.With dibromothiophen, the products of the action of ethyl chloro-carbonate and sodium amalgam are p-thiophenic acid, and a thiophen-dicarboxylic acid which prored to be iderit8ical with that obtained byJnekel from thiophendisulphonic acid, and by Messinger from thio-xylene (this VO~., p. 767).Action of Phosphoric Selenide on Acetonylacetone. By C.PAAL (Ber., 18, 2255-2256) .- Selenoxylen, C4SeH2Rle2, may be pre-pared by heating equal weights of acetonylacetone and phosphorouspentaselenide in sealed tubes for an hour a t 180" ; it is a heavy, colonr-less, mobile fluid, boils at 153--155" (uncorr ), and has a slight dis-agreeable odour, somewhat similar to that of thioxylen ; it dissolvesin concentrated sulphuric acid with a reddish-brown colour, and, whendissolved in sulphuric acid containing isatin, exhibits a splendiddark carmine-red coloration ; it also yields Lnubenheimer's reaction,and is similar to thioxylen in its behaviour towards benzoylformicand sulphuric acids.A. P.A. J. G.Action of Ethyl Diazoacetate on Aromatic Hydrocarbons.By E. BUCHNER and T. Curz~rns (Rei-., 18, 2377--2579).-The authorsformerly stated that the dia,zoacetates did n o t act on aromat'ic hydro-carbons; they now find that this statement is true only wheii thehydrocarbon is present in small quantity ; if, however, the hydrocarbon4 ?n 1908 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.is present in large quantity, then the diazoacetate reacts with it : themore completely, the larger the excess of the hydrocarbon.When st mixture of ethyl diazoacetate (40 grams) and toluene(169 grams) is heated in a reflux apparatusuntil nitrogeu ceases to beevolved, and the product, after distilling off the toluene, is distilledwith steam, a residue of ethyl azinsuccinate is left, whilst a stronglysmelling oil goes over, which, after washing, distils nearly conipletelybetween 235" and 245".This substance has the formnla Cll€€,402,and boils at 238-239" under 725.5 mm. pressure ; when saponified, ityields ethyl alcohol and an acid, a colourless, thick oil, which doesnot crystallise at, -5".This distils a t 268-275" under 720 mm. pres-sure with scarcely any decomposition, and also distils readily withsteam ; it is sparingly soluble in hot water, readily soluble in alcoholand ether ; its silver salt forms a white crystalline precipitate.A substance of the formula C,2H,602 is pepared in similar mannerfrom orthoxylene ; i t boils n t 254-257" under 725 mm. pressure.Renzeiie when heated with ethyl diaioaceta te, yields a similar com-pound; the acid prepared from this i s readily volatile, but cannotbp crystallised. The constitutions of these slzbshnces are under.investigation. A. J. G.Action of Fuming Nitric Acid on Paraxylylene Bromide. ByW. Lfiw ( B e y ., 18, 2072--2075).-1n this reaction, unlike that withbenzyl chloride, the fnming nitric acid exerts an oxidising actiononly, no nitro-derivatives being formed. 'L'be products of the reac-tion are terephthalic aldehyde, terephthalaldehydic acid, and acompound of the formula C21H20BrZ04, apparently an intei-mediateproduct). This substance crystallises in needles, melts at 80°, autiis insoluble in water, readily soluble in ether, chloroform, and benzene.It yields a soluble compound with hydrogen sodium sulphite, and,when heated with water, is resolved into tei*ephthalic aldehyde, hyd1.o-bromic acid, aiid tolylene alcoliol. It therefore probably has theconstitution C6H4 ( C II, O*CHBr* C6 H 4-C 0 H ) ,.Mono- and Di-chloroxylene. Chloroparaxylidine. By P.KLUGE (Rer., 18, 2098-2099).-1n the preparation of aniido-corn-pounds by the reduction of aromatic nitro-derivatives by tin andhydrochloric acid, monochloro-derivatives of the amines are known tobe also formed, but their constitution has never been determined.Nitroparaxylene when heated on the water-bath with tin and con-centrated hydrochloric acid, yields the chloroparaxylidine,A.J. G.[Me : Me : C1: NH, = 1 : 4 : 2 : 5 ?I,described by Jannasch (Annulen,, 176, 55). This, when boiled forseveral hours with glacial acetic acid, yields acetochLol.o~ayaxylide,C6H2Me2C1,*NH%, crysfallising in colourless needles, and meltinga.t 171".Dich7oroparnryZene, C6H2Me,C12 [Me? : C1, = 1 : 4 : 2 : 5 ?), is pre-pared by converting chloropamxylidine into the diazo-compound andtreating this with cuprous chloride and hydrochloric acid.It crys-tallises in plates or flat needles, melts a t 71", and boils a t 221" ; it iORQANIC CHEMISTRY. 120'3sparingly soluble in cold, readily soluble in hot alcohol and i n ether.When nitratcd, it yields c~initl.odichlo?.~~~nr~x?/lene, crj-stallising in smallileedlew, and melting a t 225".Chloroparaxylene, prepared by the direct chlorination of paraxylene,boils a t 186" under 767 mm. pressure, and solidifies in a freezing mix-ture to a crystalline mass melting a t 2". The sulphonic acid pre-pared from it c~ystallises well ; its barium salt crystallises in needles ;the sodium salt in prisms; both containing 1 mol. H,O. On furtherchlorination the monochloro-derivative yields a dichloroparaxyleneidentical with that described above. The chlorine-atoms are mo$tprobably in the 2 : 5 position, as it has been shown that the bromine-atoms occupy those positions in the dibromo-derivative formed bydirect bromina tion.A. J. G.Presence of Pseudocumene and Mesitylene in DifferentMineral Oils. By C. ENGLER (Ber., 18, 223$-2238,1.-That por-tion of Pennsylvanian oil boiling at 170-190", contains about 0.2 percent. of these hydrocarbons ; a smaller quantity was aho found in thefractions 130-170" and 190-210". Baku oil contains about 0.1 ptrcent. ; small quantities were also found in the oils from Alsace,Galicia, and Italy.By C. LIEBEEMANN ai,dST. v. KOSTAXECKI (Ber., 18, 2142--2149) .-A theoretical paper,tracing the relation between the reactions and properties of somehJdroxylated aromatic substances, and the positions of the hydroxylgroups.A. J. G.Benzyl Ethers of Brominated Nitrophenols and theirBehaviour on Reduction. By G. ROLL and 0. H ~ L Z ( J . pr. Chem.[ t L ] , 32, 56-61).-The following benzyl ethers of the brominatediiitrophenols were prepared by heating metallic derivatives of thecorresponding nitrophenols with benzyl chloride in the presence ofalcohol for 6-8 hours a t 100" ; the reaction takes place more rapidlyin sealed tubes at 150": but the product is not so pure. Jfonobrom-orthorLitro9heny 1 bsnzyl etlier,NO,*CsH,Br*OCHzPh [Br : NO, : OCH,Ph = 4 : 2 : 11,crystallises from alcohol in thick, clear jellow prisms, i t melts a t8:?.5" (uncorr.), is insoluble in water, but readily soluble in alcohol.Uihrom-orthonits.opheriy1 benzyl ether,NOz*C6H2Br2*OCH,Ph [Br : Rr : NOz : OCH,Ph = 6 : 4 : 2 : 11,crystallises in large, compact, yellow, monoclinic crystals, me1 ts a t 64.5"(uncorr.) and is insoluble in water, but dissolves readily in alcohol,ether, &c.NOz-C,H3Br*OCHzPh [Br : NOz : OCH,Ph = 2 : 4: 11,crystallises in nearly colourless lustrous iablets, melts a t 125.5"(uncorr.), is insoluble in water but soluble in ether, alcohol, &c.Dibroino-23a?.crnifro~heizyl benzyl ether,N.H. &I.Reactions dependent on Position.MonlJbI.omo-~~arnnitr~phen y l benzyl ether,NO2*C6HZRr,*OCH2Ph [Br : Br : NO, : OCH,Ph = 6 : 2 : 4 : 111210 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.crystallises in colourless, long, brittle needles, melts at 93.5", is insolublein water, but dissolves readily in alcohol, ether, &c.All the abovebenzyl ethers are reduced by the action of tin and hydrochloric acid,being at the same time saponified, benzjl chloride and the amidophenolsbeing formed; alcoholic ammonium sulphide has no action on theethers ; zinc-dust and soda, form dark brown tarry reduction products,whilst sodium amalgam yields a small quantity of a white, crystallinesubstance; this nielts at 79-80", and may possibly consist of anamido-compound of the benzyl ethers.Carvoxime. By H. GOLDSCHMIDT and R. ZCRRER (Bey., 18, 2220-2223, comp. this vol., p. 1058).-Hesperidine nitrosyl chloride whenboiled with alcohol yields carvoxitne.It is quite insoluble in soda,whilst the isomeric hydrochlorocarvoxime dissolves in cold soda solu-tion, from which it is precipitated by carbcmic anhydride. Hydro-chlorocarvoxime reacts with benzoic chloride with formation of bemoyl-hydrochlorocarvoxime, (HCI)C10H14 NOE. The latter compouudcrystallises from light petroleum in long, colourless, lustrous needlesmelting a t 114-1 15". On the other hand, hesperidine nitrosylchloride does not react either with benzoic or with acetic chloride.This compound cannot therefore contain an oximido-group, and pro-bably has the constitution (HOH)C,oH,4: NC1.Bromine acts on hesperidine nitrosyl chloride with formation of anaddiiiue cornpound, C,,,HI4NC1BrzO, melting at 130-131".Hydro-chlorocarvoxime also yields an additive bromine-compound which isvery unstable.The behaviour of nitroso-terpene is in some respects analogous tothat of its isomeride, carvoxime, and it probably contains the iso-nitroso-group ; it does not, however, yield with hydrochloric acid acompound analogous to hydrochlorocarvoxime.Constitution of Chloranilic Acid. By S. LEVY (Bey., 18,2366-2371 ).-Paradichloroparadibromoquinone, C6C1,Br,01 [ 0, : C1, : Br2 =1 : 4 : 2 : 5 : 3 : G ) , is obtained by the action of bromine on a solution ofparadichloroquinone in glacial acetic acid. It crystallises i u reddish-brown, monosymmetric forms ; a : b : c = 1.446 : 1 : 2.850 ; p = 77" 30' ;observed forms, OP, 03Po3, + 2Pm, + P, and is therefore not iso-morphous with the meta-compound (Abstr., 1883, 1117). It is inso-luble in water, very sparingly soluble in ether and hot alcohol, solublein benzene.Puradichlor@par.adib?.omog.uinoZ, C6C1,Br,(OH)2, is prepared from thequinone by heating it with stannous chloride ; it ci-ystallises in nearlycolourless monosylrinietric forms ; a : b : c = 2.971 : 1 : 2.723; ,9 = 77" 24' ;observed faces, OP, mEm, -P, and is therefore isomorphous with therneta-compound (loc.cit.). It melts a t 230". The dicrcetyl-derivative,C&I&,(O~~)z, crystallises in slender, colourless needles, and meltsat 265". The acetyl-derivative of the ?)zeta-compound was also pre-pared ; it closely resembles t,he foregoing and melts a t 269-270".When paradichloroparadibromoquinone (5 parts) is moistened withalcohol and heated with a solution of 5 parts of potash in 150 parts ofwater, i t is converted into a chlorobromnnilic acid identical withA.P.N. H. &IORQAXIC CHEUISTRT. 1211that obtained from metadichlorometadibromoquinone (Eoc. cit.) . Asthis substance is derived from both the para- and meta-compounds, itmusthave the constitution [O:O:OH: OH : C1: Br = 1 : 4: 2 : 3 : 5 : 61,whilst chloranilic acid must by analogy have the like constitution.A. J. G.Bromamidophenols. By 0. H ~ L Z (J. pr. Chern. [2], 32, 65-70)- Orthob,,omo-pura~iidophenol, NH,*CsHT,Br-OH [Br : NH, : OH =2 : 4 : 11, may be readily obtained by the reduction of the correspond-ing nitrophenol or its benzyl ether with tin and hydrochloric acid ; itcrystallises in short, white needles or thick prisms, which becomebrown on exposure to light ; it is soluble in the usual solvents, and meltswith partial decomposition a t 158" (uncorr.).It is readily soluble inaqueous alkalis, forming crjstalline compounds. The hydrochloride,O.H*C,H,Br*XK,,HCl, forms silver-grey scales. The staiinoc hlwide,(HO.CG~l3Br.Pr'H,),,H2SnCl4, forms lustrous white scales. The sulphafeforms small, brilliant prisms. By treating the free base with verydilute nitric acid, a deep blue solution is obtained, from which thenitrate slowly separates in lustrous scaled. The hydrobromide,HO*CeH,Br*NH2,HBr, crystallises readily in brilliant prisms. Theacetyl compound, H0.C6H3Br.NH~, is obtained by treating the basewith excess of acetic anhydride; it crystsllises from hot water inbrilliant, thick needles and melts a t 157" (uncorr.).Dior.t~iobrol.no-paramido?ienol, prepared by reduction of the nitro-conipound, has been described by Bohnier (Abstr., 1882, 398), andMohlau (Abstr., 1884,593).The ace/yZ compouijd, H0*C,H2Br2*NH~,crjstallises in lustrous scales, melts a t 173-174", and is insolublo incold water, but dissolves readily in alcohol.ti .4 Uibroniortharnido~he.01, H0.CsK2Br2*NH2 [Br : Br : NH, : OH= ci : 4 : 2 : 13, is also obtained by the reduction of the correspondingnitrophenol or its benzyl ether; it forms long, thin, yellow needles,melts at 91-92", and is soluble in the usual solvents. The hydro-chloride forms reddish-coloured scales or plates, and is readilysoluble in water with partial decomposition.The staniiochloride,( C,H5Br2NO),,H2SnC14, forms long colourless needles. The hydro-bromide forms fine reddish needles.H0.C6H2Br2*NH&crystallises in yellowish needles ; it melts a t 186", and is soluble in theusual solvents. A. P.The acetyl compoumZ,Parabrom-orthamidophenol. By F. S C H ~ ~ T (J. pr. C h n . [a],32, 61-64). - Yarabrom-orthamidophenol, NH,*C6H3Br*OH, is ob-tained by reducing parabrom-orthonitrophenol with tin and hydro-chloric acid; it forms pale yellow needles, is soluble in the usualsolvents, and melts a t 128" ; with ferric chloride its aqueous solutiongives a deep cherry-red coloration, and after a time throws down afinely divided reddish-brown precipitate.The following salts of thebase were prepared. The hydrochloride, hydrobromide, nitrate, andsulphate, (NH2-C6H3Br*OH),,H,SO4, are described. The acety 2-deriua-tiwe, H0.C6H3Br.NH&, prepared by treating the base with aceticanhydride, is obtained either as golden-yellow scales melting at 17 71212 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.(uncorr.), or a s white needles meltina at 179". Whel; treated withpotash or ammonia, the ammonium or potassium derivative,NH40*C613[,Br*NH~ or KO.C6H3Br.NH~c, are respectively ob-tained. The author, in opposition to the results obtained byPfaff (Abstr., 1883, 802), finds that none of the bromine is removedwhen parabromorthonitrophenol is reduced with tin and hydrochloricacid. A. P.Metamido-phenetoi'l. By P.WAGNER (J.pr. Chem. [2]. 32, 70-sC)).-~~efami:do-~he.netozZ, Et0.C6H4-NH2 [OEt : NH, = 1 : 31, maybe obtained by the reduction of metanitro-phenetoil (Abst'r. , 1879,237) with tin and hydrochloric acid. It forms a clear yellowishliquia, which distils a t 180-205" under 100 mm. pressure ; it becomesrapidly darkened on exposure to the air. The stannochloride,C:,Hl,NO,HSnCl,, forms lustrous, transparent scales readily soluble indilute acids. The hydj*ochloride forms silky, greyish needles ; the hydro-b rnrnide grey,nodular masses. The sulphate, ( CeHllNO),,H2S04 + l&HzO,forms broad, yellowish needles. The omlate, (C,H,,N O),,C2HZ04, was&!so prepared. The acetyl compound, EtO*C,H,*NHZ, forms lustrouswhite scales having a faint tinge of red ; it melts at 96.7" (uncorr.),and is very sparingly soluble in water.Metadiazo-phenetoi'l was obtained by treating a cold solntioil ofriietamido-phenetoil hydrochloride with sodium nitrite.It formsbrown resinous clots.1ETeta-phenetoalazo-/3-naphtholsulpho?tic acid,OEt.C6Hi*Nz*C ,OH, (OH)*S OSH,is formed on gradually adding a cold solution of sodium nitrite(1 mol.) to a well-cooled mixture of amidophenetoil hydrochloride(1 mol.) and /3-naphtholsulphonic acid (1 mol.). After some time, thecolouring matter is thrown down as a red precipitate on the additionof sodium chloride.Metrcdim ethamidoplienetoil, EtO-C6H,*NMe,, was prepared by gradn-ally adding aqueous potaqh to a solution of metamidopheuetoilhydrochloride and methyl iodide in methyl alcohol a t 100".The freebase is n clear yellow oil ; it boils of 247" (uncorr.). A small quantityof a yellow, crystalline substance, probably Et0.C6H,*NMe31, is alsoformed. The platinochloride is a bright yellow flocculent precipitate.Nitrosomet ad imet hamidop hene toil hydrochloride,EtO*C6H3 (NO) -NMe2,HC I,may be prepared by gradualIy Rdding amyl nitrite to a well-cooled solu-t,iori of metadimethami dophenetoil hydrochloride in alcohol and hydro-chloric acid. It separates in golden-yellow s(-ales, which on drying inair become more of a brownish hue ; it is readily soluble in water andalcohol, but is insoluble in ether. A. P.Cganhydrins of Nitroso-compounds. By E. L~PPMANN and3'. FLEISSNER (Morzatsh. Chem., 6, 537-545) .-The authors acted Ona hot alcoholic solution of nitrosodimethjlaniline with potassiuORQANIC C HEJIISTRP.1213cyanide with the view of obtaining the corresponding azyline.Contrary to their expectations, the cyanhydrin of nitrosodimethyl-aniline, C17H21N502, was produced, ammonia and dimethylanilinebeing evolved. The crude cyanhydrin is collected on a funnel,~vashed with water, and recrystallised from alcohol, from which it isdeposited in red crystals. The pure compound melts a t 221", anddissolves frcely in chloroform. On reduction with nascent hydrogec,ammonium formate and dimethyl phenylenediamine are produced.The cyanhydrin unites with benzene, nitrobenzene, toluene. aniline,quinoline, and phenol to form crystalline additive products, which arecharncterised by their metallic lustre ; for instance, 2C,,H2,W2O, + C,H, crystallises in monoclinic plates.The benzene is expelled a t~-itrosodiethylaiLiline cyanhydrin, C21H29N502, forms small reddish-yellow crystals melting at 170". When reduced with stannous chloride,i t is converted into ammonium formate and diethylphenylenediamine.Only those nitroso-derivatives of tertiary bases in which the NO groupis united directly to a C atom, combine with hydrocyanic acid, form-130- L40".irig cyatihydrins. w . c. w.Action of Carbonyl Chloride on E thenyldiphenyldiamine(Diphenylacediamine). By MI. Lom ( B e y . , 18, 2427-2428).--When the carbonyl chloride is in excess, a compound, C16H,2N2C1202,is formed, whilst with excess of the dinmine, a carbamide,co (CIIH13NO)P)is obtained.The reaction is being further studied. L. T. T.Triphenylamine. Ry C. HEYDRtCH (Re?-., 18, 2156-2158).-Triphenylamine is conveiiientlp prepared by dissolving 3 grams ofsodium in 40 grams of boiling diphenylamine ; if a larger quantitj ofsodium be added, the whole is carbonised. 20 grams of bromine arethen added, and the whole boiled for a qiiarter of an hour longer. Theliquid is now poured off from the sodium bromide and distilled :3.5 grams of triphenylamine were obtained with much unchangeddip henyla mine.Benzotrichloride and zinc chloride act on triphenylamine with for-mation of a green basic substance. The solution in strong sulphuricacid is violet ; in other acids and in alcohol, green.Trinitrotl.i~~ipn~ilaamine, N( C6H,*N02)3, is prepared by the action offuming nitric acid on the triphenylamine.It crystnllises from nitro-benzene on addition of alcohol in plates which nielt a t 280".Triamidotri?7henylamine7 N(CsH4.NH2)3, forms colourless needlesmelting a t 230". The hydrochloride forms colourless needles whichbecome slightly blue on exposure to air. With ferric chloride, itacquires R fine blue, and with chloranil a blue-green colour. The acetyl-deriuatice, N(CsH,-NHiTc),, crystallises in needles which do not melta t 240". N. H. M.Action of Dilute Nitric Acid on Anilides. By L. M. NORTONail d W. ALLEN (Ber., 18, 1995-1999) .-Methylacetanilide whe1214 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.heated with a large excess of dilute nitric acid (sp.gr. 1.029) yields adiiiitromethylaniline, CcH,( NO2),*NHIMe, forming J ellow crystals andmelting at 175", probably identical with that obtained by Leymann(Abstr., 1882, 1057), although when treated with bromine it yieldsnot a bromodinitraniline, but a bromodinitromethlllaniline,C6H,Br(NOz),*NHMe,melting a t 147". This has the constitntion [NHMc : NO2 : NO, : Br= 1 : 2 : 4 : 61, as it yields the known bromodinitrophenol of m. p. 114-11 5" when boiled with dilute aqueous potash.Etliylacetanilide when treated with dilute nitric acid (sp. gr. 1.029)yields the dinitroethyladine prepared by Romburgh (Ber., 16, 1496)by the action of ethylarnine on a-dinitrobromobenzene.Phenylacetanilide (acetdiphenylemine) when boiled with dilutenitric acid yields trinitrod~~henylamii~e, C,,H,N,O,.This crystallisesin yellow needles, melts a t 135", is insoluble in water, sparinglysoluble in carbon bisulphide, and readily soluble in alcohol, benzene,nitrobenzene, ethyl acetate, and acetic acid.Methylpropionanilide when boiled with nitric acid yields dinitro-methylaniline, identical with that obtained from methplacetanilide.The samc product is obtained, although with difficulty, from methyl-benzanilide.Benzoy ldiphenylamine (phenylbenzanilide) is only attacked withgreat difficulty by dilute nitric acid, the product of the reaction beingtri nitrodiphenjlaniine. A. J . G.Phenoxydiphenylphosphine and some of its Derivatives.Ry A. MICHAFLH and W. LA COSTE (Beis., 18, 'L109-2118).-Yher~ox?/-diphenylphosphine, PPh,-OPh, isomeric with triphenylphosphine oxide,is prepared by heating phenol and diphenyichlorophosphine in anatmosphere of hydrogen.It is a colourless viscid oil of sp. gr. 1-140 a t24" (water a t 4" = 1). It boils a t 265-270" under 62 mm. pressure,but cannot be distilled without partial decomposition under the ordi-nary pressure. The vaponr-density as determined under diminishedpressui e was 10.02, calculated for CleHl5P0 = 9.68, It does not solidifyin a freezing mixture. It oxidises readily on exposure to air or oxygen,with forniatiori of phenylic diphenylphosphinate. When heated withwater, it is decomposed into pheiiol and diplienylphosphinous acid,PPh,*OH, the latter then sufferiiig fuyther decomposition iuto diphenyl-phosphinic acid and triphenylphosphine.The same changes occurstill more readily in presence of alkalis. A dibronzide seems to beformed on treating a solution of phenoxydiphenylphospliine in carbontetrachloride with st dilute solution of bromine. It was obtained as ahoney-yellow resin, but could not be prepared in a state fit for analysis.Phenylic diphenylphosphi7late (phenoxydiphenylphosphine oxide),PPh,O*OPh, is obtained as a bye-product in the preparation ofphenoxydiphenylphosphine, or by the oxidation of phenoxydiphenpl-ptrosphine, or by the action of water on the bromide, or of phenol011 diphenylchloroxyphosphine, OPPh2C1. It crystallises in small,colourless needles or short prisms, melts a t 135-136O, and boils atabout 310" under 62 mm.pressure with partial decomposition. It iORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 1215nearly inRoluble in water, moderately soluble in hot alcohol, andsparingly soluble in ether.Phenorydiphenylphosphine sulphide, PPh,S*OPh, obtained by mixingsolutions of its components in carbon bisulphide, crystallises in short,slender needles or in small prisms, melts at 124", and is sparinglysoluble in cold, more readily in hot alcohol and in ether, readily incarhon bisulphide.Phenoxydziphenylphosphine selenide, PPh,Se*OPh, prepared in mannersimilar to the above, crystallises i n nearly colourless needles, melts a t11&115", and is sparingly soluble in cold alcohol.Yhenoaydiphen ylbenzylphnsp7~oniuna chlol-ide, PPh,( C7H;) C1-OPh, isobtained, by heating R mixture of its components, as a yellowish crys-talline powder, which softens at 194", and melts a t 232-256" withpartial decomposition.When boiled with water, i t yields phenol,hydrochloric acid, and diyhet, y Ibenzylpliosplzine ozide, OP Ph,.C,H,,which crgstallises in tufts of white needles and melts a t 192-193".Phenoxydiphenylmethy lpho~honium iodide, PMePhJ*OPh, is formedby heating phenoxy diphenylphosphine with an excess of methyliodide in a reflux apparatus. It is a granulo-crystalline mass, meltingat 134-136", and yielding diphenylmethylphosphine oxide whenboiled with water. Under some, as yet unknown, conditions the reac-tion with methyl iodide takes another course, leading to the formationof dimethyldipheiiylphosphonium iodide.D l ~ h e n y l b e n z y l ~ l , o s ~ h i ~ ~ e dichloride, PPh2C1,*C7H7, is obtained by theaction of benzyl chloride on diphenylchlorophosphine as a brownish,crystalline powder, which yields diphenylbenzylphosphine oxide whenboiled with water.A. J. G.Tribenzylamine. By R. LEUCKART (Rw., 18,2341-2344) .-Whenbenzalde hyde is heated with amrncnium forma te, tribenzylamine isformed, together with a nitrogenous, crystalline, indifferent substance,very sparingly soluble in the ordinary solvents, and a crystallinesubstance melting a t 52" and still under investigation.A. J. G.New Cumidine. By W. ENGEL (Ber., 18, 2229-2233).-Crudecumidine yields an acetyl-derivative which melts a t 112", from whicha new cumidine, C9H,3N, boiling a t 223-224", was obtained. Thehydrochloride, plntinochlwide, and nitrate are described.Cumenol, C6H2Me3*OH, is prepared by adding potassium nitrite toa cooled, very dilute solution of' cumidine in sulphuric acid, and thenheating.It, boils a t 216-218", and gives no colour reaction withferric chloride.&f ononitracetcumididc, NOI,*C6HMe3*NHAc, is prepared by nitrationof t'he acetyl-derivative above described. It crystallises in dull yellowneedles melting a t 131", and is very sparingly soluble in hot water,very readily in alcohol, less readily in ether.Dinitra,cetcurnidide, C6Me3(N0&.NHZ, is prepared by the actionof a large excess of fuming nitric acid on acetcurnidide. It formsalmost colourless needles, melts at 204", and is insoluble in water,soluble in ether and in alcohol.Concentrated hydrochloric acid act1216 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.on i t with formation of a compound crystallisinp in gold-coloured,slender needles melting at 78".Monocumy Zcarbamide, C6H2Me,*PU' H*CO*NH2, is prepared by treatingcumidine hydrochloride with potassium cyanate ; i t crystallises inwhite needles insoluble in water, soluble in ether and alcohol, anddecomposes a t ahout 227" without melting, with evolution of ammoniaand formation of dimmy lcarbamide, CO(NH*C6H,Me3)2. This com-pound forms white, silky needles which melt above 290".Dicuniy lthiocarbumide, C S ( NH*C,H2Me3),, is prepared by treatingcurnidine with an excess of carbon bisulphide. It is insoluble inwater, sparingly soluble in ether, but dissolves more readily inalcohol.It melts at 196". Boiling water decomposes it; con-centrated hydrochloric acid converts it into a cumyl isothiocyanate.N. H. M.It is probably dinitrocumidine.Hydrazine Compounds. By H. LIMPRICHT ( R e r . , 18, 2193-2196) .--Parah y~razi~.tefoluer~emetasulp7~o?zic acid, N,H,*C,H,Me*SO,H[Me : NzH3 : S03H = 1 : 4 : 31, is prepared by adding the diazo-com-pound to stannous cliloride ; it forms flesh-coloured, fine prisms. Thepotassium and bariuir~ salts form readily soluble plates and nodules.Parah ydrazinetoluenedisdphonic acid, C6H,Me ( SO9H),-N2H3, crystal-lises in nodules. The hgdrogen barium salt (with 2+ mols. H,O) andthe normal barium salt are described.Orthoh yilrazinetoluerie~nrasu~h(~n~c acid, N,H3*C6H3Me.S 03H[Me : N2H3 : SO,H = 1 : 2 : 41, forms groups of long needles, whichbecome yellowish on exposure to air ; it is readily soluble in hot water.The potassium and barium salts are described.Nitrotolyl hydraxineszi,l;ulzonic acid , NO,.C6HzMe (N,H,) *S03H[Me : NO, : N,H, : S0,H = 1 : 2 : 4 : 51, crystallises from water in pale-yellow plates.Nitro benzenehy d razinesn lp honic acid, N,H,* C6H3 ( N 0,) S O,H + H20,forms lustrous, brownish needles, spnrinqly soluble in hot water.Several salts were prepared. When reduced, ainidoberizenehyd~azine-sulphoizic acid, N,H3*C,H,(NH,)*S03H, is formed. The hydrochloride,suZphate, and nitrate of this compound are described.By the action of nitrous acid on hydrazobenzcnedisulphonic acid,large, yellowish needles of a diazo-compound, CI2H,,N4S,O, + H,O, areformed.This substance has been already prepared by Balentine(Abstr., 1880, 80!3), who assigned to it a formula with 2 mols. H20.It yields, when reduced, a hydraziice compound, OII*CGH,(N,H3)*S03H,in the form of small, yellow prisms sparingly soluble in water.Phenylhydrazinesulp hoicic acid, N,I13*CsH4.S03H, is prepared byacting on phenylhydrazine with chlorosulphonic acid a t 160". I tforms pale-yellow, lustrous plates.Reactions of Amidoximes. By F. TIEMANN (Ber., 18, 2456-2458).--A bummai-y of the results described in the next fiveAbstracts.The barium salt (with 4 mols. H,O) is described.A barium salt is described.N. H. nil.Action of Ethyl Chlorocarbonate and of Carbonyl Chlorideon Bensenylamidoxime.By E. FALCK (Ber., 18, 2467-2471).ORGANIC CHEJITSTRY. 1 2 l iWhen a chloroform soiution of benzenylamidoxime is acted on bycarbonyl chloride, ethyl benzenylamidoximecarbonate,NHI*CPh N*O*COOEt,is formed, together with benzenylamidoxime hydrochloride. Theformer is easily soluble in alcohol, benzene, ether, and chloroform ;crystallises in needles, and melts a t 127". That the above is thecorrect formula is proved by the fact that the ethyl ether of benzenyl-anlidoxime is not acted on by ethyl chlorocarbonat,e. The above saltis very unstable, and when heat,ed, either alone or with water ordilute alkali, it yields alcohol and be?tzesbyZazoxime carbinol,This crystallises in long needles which melt at 1 9 7 O , and are easilysoluble in alcohol, ether, and boiling water.The aqueous solntionhas an acid reaction. It does not form sslts with acids, but dissolresin alkalis, and on heating even decomposes alkaline carbonates.Silver, copper, and lead derivatives were obtained.Wlien benzenylamidoxime is act,ed on by carbonyl chloride, carbonyl-diBe.nzenyZnmidoxime, CO( 0.K : CPh*NH,),, is formed. It crystallisesin white scales easily soluble in alcohol and ether, sparingly inbenzene, and insoluble in water ; it melts a t 1.28-129". Whenheated with an alkali, it is converted into benzenylaxoxime carbinol.L. T. 1'.Derivatives of Metanitrobenzenylamidoxime and of Meta-nitrobenzylazoximebenzenyl. By M. SCHOPFF (Ber., 18, 2472-2477).--This is a continuation of the author's previous work (thisvol., p.836). ~~etarnidobeltzenylcr.nziclozime, obtained by reducing thenitro-compound with stannous chloride, is a yellow crystalline sub-stance, but was not obtained in a state pure enough for analysis. Itshi/drocl~Zoride crystallises in prisms. Fehling's solution gives thedirty green copper precipitate characteristic of amidoximes. Met-arnidobenxenylazoxinzebenaeny I , NH2*C6H4.C<N>CPh, obtained bythe reduction of the nitro-compound by means of alcoholic ammoniumsulphide, crystallises in long needles soluble in alcohol, ether, andbenzene, insoluble in water; these melt at 143", and sublimeunclianged. Its hydrochloride is sparingly soluble in boiling water,and gives double chlorides with platinum, t i n , and gold.Whentreated with benzoic chloride, it yields a benzopl-derivatiue,N - 0which is solnble in boiling alcohol, ether, and benzene, insoluble inwater; it crystallises i n needles, and melts at 213". Metahydwxy-benzeny Zazoximeb~nzer~y Z, H0.C6H4*C<E>CPh, was obtained fromthe amido-compound by means of the diazo-reaction. It forms pale-yellow needles melting a t 163", and sublimes unchanged. It issoluble in alcohol, benzene, ether, and chloroform, insoluble in waterN.1218 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.and light petroleum. Its etlql ether, EtO*C6H,*C<N>CPh, N*O formsa woolly crystalline mass, which melts at 71", and is insoluble inalkalis.Prom the results of Palck's researches (see previoiis Abstract), theauthor ascribes the consti tntion NOI*C6H4*C(NH2) : N*O*COOEt tothe etliyl carhatnate derivative described in his last communicakion(this vol., p.898). L. T. T.Derivatives of Phenylethenylamidoxime. By P. KNUDSEN(Ber., 18, 2482-2484).-This is a continuation of the author'sprevious work (this vol., p. 897). The ether of this amidoxime actson carbanil to form phenylethen y~p7ten?jZurumz'doxime ethyl ether,CH,Ph*C(NH*CO.NHPh) : N-OEt. This substance is soluble inalcohol, ether, benzene, and light petroleum, insoluble in water. Itcrystallises in small needles melting a t 148". It has acid, but not a,nybasic properties. No sntiaffictory results have been obtained by theaction of phenyl thiocyanate or of ethyl chlorocarbonate on theamidoxime. No action takes place a t ordinary temperatures, buton heating, the action in each case becomes so violent that decom-position sets in.Pheny letheny laxmime prop en y lcarboa: y lie acid,CH2P h* C c $ C CH,*CH,* C 0 OH,is formed by the action of succinic anhydride on the parent amid-oxime.It is a strong acid, dissolves readily in alcohol, ether, andboiling water, crystallises in scales or prisms, and melts a t 59-60'.Silver and copper salts are described. L. T. T.Derivatives of Phenylhydroxyethenylamidoxime. By F.GROSS (Rer., 18, 2477-2482).-When a mixture of concentratedaqueous solutions of the hydrochloride of the above amidoxime andpotassium cy ailate is all owed to stand, y hen y 1 h ydrox y et ken y 1 warnid-oxime, HO-CHPh-C (NOH).NH*CONH,, crystallises out.It formswhite scales or needles, soluble in water and alcohol, and melting at127". It dissolves both in acids and alkalis. Phen?/Zl,ydroxyethen~~-phenyZuramidoz.in?ze, H0.C I3Ph-C (NOH)*NH*CO*NHPh, is obtainedby the action of carbanil on the parent amidoxime. It forms minute,white needles melting a t 155", and is soluble in alcohol and ether-,insoluble in water. Itsethyl ether, HO-CHPh*C(NOEt).NH*CO*NHPh, is formed when thefree amidoxime in the above reaction is replaced by its el;hyl ether.This crystallises in opaque white needles melting a t 119", and is solublein alcohol, ether, and benzene, insoluble in water. It is insoluble inalkalis, and very sparingly soluble in hydrochloric acid. Ethfll phenyl-hyd,.oxzJethelzyZa,midozil?ze carbonate, OHGHPhG(NH,) : N*O*COOEt,is obtained by the action of the parent andoxime on ethyl chloro-carbonate. It crystallises in minute, white needles which dissolveeasily in alcohol, ether, and boiling water, and melt at 106-107".It dissolves i n acid, but has no longer acid properties.The authorIts basic and acid characters are very slightORGANIC CHEMIST R T. 1219was unable t o obtain from this compound a snbstnnce analogous toPalck's benzenylazoxime carbinol (this vol., p. 1217). A cu~bonyl-deri*uatizte of phenylhydroxyethenylamidoxime,CO[O*N : C(NH,)*CPh*OH],,is obtained by the action of carbonyl chloride on the parent amid-oxime. It yields glistening scales soluble in alcohol, very sparinclyso in water and benzene. and melts a t 131".It dissolves in hydro-chloric acid, bnt not in alkalis.Phenyl thiocyannte does not act on phenylhydroxyethonplnmid -oxime a t ordinary temperatures ; but on heating a violent action sctsin, and both substance., are decomposed. Cyanogen converts theamidoxime into a black mass. Chlorocyanogen yields traceR of acrystalline compound melting a t 1 'LO".Action of Anhydrides of Bibasic Acids on Benzen ylamid-oxime. By 0. SCHULZ (Rer., 18, 2458--2467).--In continuation ofhis previous work (this vol., p. 897), the author has studied the actionof bibasic acids and their anhydrides on benzenylamidoxime. Thefree acids, like the monobasic acids, convert i t into dibenzenylaz-oxime.When succinic anhydride and benzenylamidoxime are heatedtogether, benzenyla~oximepropenylcarboxylic acid,L.T. T.C P h<E!>C*C H,*CH,-C 0 0 H,is formed. This acid is soluble in alcohol, chloroform, ether, andboiling water, crystallises in rhombic prisms or scales, and melts at120". It is very stable towards, and easily soluble in strong sulphuricacid. It forms well characterised salts. Its chloride could not beobtained in a pure state, a s it decomposes a t 128", but the impuresubstance yielded the amide with ammonia. Amongst the deconipo-sition-products obtained in attempts to distil the chloride, the authorisolated kyaphenin. The ethyl et7~er is a pale-yellow aromatic oilboiling with partial decomposition at 255". Crystals of kyapheninseparate out from the last portions of the distillate.The amide crys-tsllises in needles melting a t 168". A small quantity of a substancemelting a t 160" vas obtained as a bye-product in the above reaction.Benzen y lazoxim ebenzeii,2/1-o,~tho-car~o~~ lic acid,CPheg>C*C6H,* C 0 0 H,obtained by sitbstituting phthalic anhydride for succinic anhydride inthe previous reactiozl, crystallises in silky needles, soluble in ether,alcohol, and chloroform ; it melts at 151". A similar bye-product tothat just described was obtained, and found to be dibenzenylazoxime.The proportion of the latter is very much increased if 2 mols.benzenylnmidoxime are used to every one of phthalic anhydride.Various salts of the acid are described. The chloride is a heavyyellow oil which, on distillation, decomposes into kya,phenin, benzo-nitrile, and ammonium chloride.Tlie ethyZ ether is a heavy yellow oi1220 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.which cannot be distilled. The anzide forms microscopic needlesmelting a t 160".Acidammonium Bases. By P. GRIESS (Ber., 18, 2408-2410).-The author gives this name to a new group of compounds obtainedby replacing by methcl three atoms of hydrogen in Klusemann's meta-yhenyloneoxamic acid, NH2*C6H4*NH-C2@2*OH (this Journal, 1875,%9), and analogous acids.L. T. T.eta-ozalanzidotri~aethy lphenylummonium,NH*C6€€4 I )NMe, + 3+H20,c202*0-is obtained by half dissolving 1 part metaphenyleneoxamic acid inmethyl alcohol by means of aqueous potash, adding 2 parts methyliodide, and allowing the mixture to stand for a week, care being takento kpep it alkaline.The product is then acidified with hydriodicacid and evaporated t9 a small bulk. On cooliiig, the hydriodide oft h e above bases crystallises in locg, white needles with 1 mol. H,O.It is easily soluble in boiling water, and yields a platinochloridc crjs-iallising in small needles or prisms. The free base, obtained bytreating the hydriodide with silver carbonate, forms irregular hexa-gonal, niicaceons plates or rhombic prisms. It is soluble in waterand alcohol, insoluble in ether, and has a strong bitter taste. It loscsits water of crystallisation a t 115", and a t a slightly higher tempera-ture is converted, with evolution of gas, into a volatile base which issoluble in alcohol, aud crystallises in tetragmal tables. When treatedwith a solution of iodine in hydriodic acid, the original base yields aperiodide crystallising in dark-brown microscopic needles.Para- oaaltr midotrini et h y lp I~eny lamwr oniu in, obtained from parapliens -leneoxamic acid (the latter was prepared by heating oxalic acidwith aqueous paraphenylendiamine hydrochloride), crystallises with26 mols.H,O in white, glistening needles or long, narrow scales,easily soluble in boiling water, sparingly in boiling alcohol, and inso-luble in ether. I t yields crystallisable salts.Heta-succin amzdotrim et h y lphen y lamrnoniurn,NH*CtiH il I )NMe2 + l+H,O,crystallises in white, hexagonal plates or prisms, easily soluble incold water. It resembles the two bases just described. The nzeta-phenylerzesuccinclmic m i d , NH~.CsH,*NH.C4H,O,*OH, from which itwas obtained, was prepared by heating Buccinic acid with meta-phenylenediamine hydrochloride. L.T. T.Phenylparamide. By B. HOTTE (J. yr. Chem. [2], 32, 238-239).---Yhenylpramide, C6(C202 : pu' Ph),, is ohtailred by heating melliticacid with aniline for six to seven bours zit 160", or by heating atilirte:lad ammonium mellitate for t w o days a t 170". It forms a whiteamorphous mass, does not melt a t 300°, and is insoluble in the ordi-C4H*02*ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. I221nary solvents ; strong sulphuric acid dissolves it to a brown liquid,which decomposes on boiling.By the action of methylamine on mellitic acid, only hydrogenmethylammonium mellitate seems to be farmed.Phenyl hydrazine reacts with phthalic anhydride, forminq a com-pound crystallising i n yellow needles, and melting at 173-176" ; it isbeing further investigated.Condensation-products of Cinnamaldehyde with Acetone.By L.DIEHL and A. EINHORN (Bey., 18, 2320--23~6).-CCi?znnmenyZ-vinyl methyZ ketone, CHPh : CH-CH: CH-COMe, is best prepared byshaking a mixture of acetone (30 parts) dissolved in water (3600parts) and cinnarnaldehyde (40 parts), until a white emulsion isformed ; 40 parts of 10 per cent, aqueous soda is then added, and thewhole allowed to remain for 48 hours with occasional agitation, whenthe ketone crystallises out. When purified, it crystallises in large,rhombic plates, melts at 68", is sparingly soluble in water, readily inthe ot,her ordinary solvents.It cannot be distilled, eren underreduced pressure, and on exposure t o air is converted into an oil ofpenetrating odonr.A. J. G.The p h e n y 1 hlldrazine-deriuntiue,CHPh CH.CH : CRaCMe : N,HPh,crystallises in citron-yellow plates of silky lustre, melts a t 180", andis sparingly soluble in etber and cold alcohol, readily soluble in hotalcohol, acetic acid, and ethyl acetate.C4H4PhBrz*C OMe,crystallises in microscopic needles, and melts at 173..;" with decompo-sition. When. the ketone is heated at 80-90" with aqueons sodiumhypochlorite and hydroxide, the mixtnre being constantly agitated,chloroform and Perkin's cinnamenylacrjlic acid (this Journal, 1877,i, 403) are formed.Dicinnamenylvinyz ketone, CO(CH : CH-CH : CHPh),, is formed inthe preparation of cinnamenylvinyl methyl ketone, but is more con-veniently obtained by the condensation of the latter substance withcinnamaldehyde.It crystallises in golden-yellow needles, melts a t142", is sparingly soluble in ether and cold alcohol, niore readily inhot alcohol and in acetic acid and <ethyl acetake ; it dissolves in con-centrated sulphuric acid with a splendid violet coloration, which dis-appears on dilution. The phenylhydrazine-compound,(CHPh : CH-CH : CH)?C: NzHPh,crystallises in slender, interlaced, golden-yellow needles, and meIts at166". A. J. G.The dibromide,Preparation of Ortho- and Para-nitrocinnamaldehyde. ByL. DIEHL and A. EINHORN (Ber., 18, 2335--2338).-A better yield ofthese substances is obtained by the direct nitration of commercialcinnamaldehyde than by methods starting from the correspondingni trobenzalde h ydes.25 grams of cinnamaldehyde is stirred into it mixture of 500 gramsVOL.XLVTTI. 4 1222 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.of sulphuric acid, with 29 grams of potassium nitrate, care beingtaken that the temperature does not rise too high. The liquid is thenpoured into water, when a mixture of the ortho- and para-nitralde-hydes separates. The mixture is dissolved in boiling absolute alcohol,an equal volume of n solution of hydrogen sodium sulphite added,and the mixture allowed to cool. The greater part of the paranitro-cinnamaldehye compound then separates, and the remainder can beprecipitated by adding a large amount of common salt, and alIowing thewhole to remain for 12 hours.The precipitate contains the excess ofsalt and the paranitro-compound, whilst the orthonitro-compoundremains in solution. To separate the aldehydes from their hydrogensodium suIphite compounds, these are dissolved in milch water, andconcentrated sulphuric acid added, when the aldehydes separate in3ocks.Paranitrocinnamaldehyde melts at 141-142", and yields a phenyl-hydrazine-compound, which forms orange-red crystals and melts ah180-181 '. When the aldehyde is reduced wit'h ferrous snlpliate andammonia, and the product extracted with ether, an intense yellowliquid is obtained, which, when evaporated, yields a, brownish-redsubstance of metallic lustre, probably a condensation-product.The phenylhydrazine-derivative of orthonitrocinnamaldehyde crys-tallises in claret-coloured needles, and meits a t 157.5".A.J. G.Condensation-products of Orthonitrocinnamaldehyde withAcetone. By L. DIEHL and A. EINHORN (Ber., 18,2326-2334).-Experiments made to nitrate the products described on the precedingpage were unsuccessful, nothing but resinous products being obtained.The nitro-deriva tives mere therefore prepared by condensation fromthe nitraldehyde in a manner somewhat similar to that previouslydescribed.Ort honitrocinnamen y lviny 1 met h y 1 ketone,N0,*CsH4GH CH-CH : CH-COMe,crystallises in broad, pale-yellow needles, melts at '73*5", and is readilysoluble in most solvents. A well characterised reduction productcould not be obtained.Diortl~onitrodicinnameity11;ilzyZ ketone, C 0 ( C4H4*C6H4*NOz) 2, is ob-tained at the same time as the last-mentioned compound, from whichit is separated by means of its sparing solubility in alcoliol.It crystal-lises in very small, yellow needles, melts a t 208*5", and is readilysoluble in acetone, chloroform, and hot acetic acid, less so in benzene,and scarcely soluble in alcohol, ether, and ethyl acetate.A lietone of the formula N0,*CsHL*C,H4*CO*CH : CHGH : CHPh isobtained by condensation from cinnamenylvinyl methyl ketone andorthonitrocinnamaldehyde, in golden-yellow crystals, melting at136.5", and dissolving readily in acetonc3, chloroform, benzene, andacetic acid, sparingly in alcohol and ether.Orthonitrocinna.menlJZuc,-yZic acid, NO2.CGH4.C2Ha.C2H-?*C0OH, is ob-tained by the action of an alkaline solution of sodium hypochlorite onorthonitrociiinamenylvinyl methyl ketone at 80-90".I t can alvo bediyectly prepared from orthonitrocinnamaldehyde by Perkin's reactionORGANIC CHEEMISTRE'. 1223but t,he yield is not satisfactory. It crystallises in slender, interlacedneedles, melts a t 217*5", and is insoluble in water, sparinylg solublein ether, readily soluble in acetic acid and hot alcohol. Its salts areof an intense yellow colour.Ort harnidocin?zarne ay Zacry lic acid, NK,* C,H,.C,H,*C 0 0 H, is obtainedby reducing the nitro-acid with ferrous hydroxide in ammoniacnlsolution. I t crystallises in yellow needles, melts at 176*5", and isnearly insoluble in cold water, sparingly soluble in carbon bisulphide,readily soluble in alcoliol, ether, chloroform, and glacial acetic acid.The ethereal solution has a strong green fluorescence.It yields saltswith both acids and bases.crystallises in groups of small tables, and melts at 253" with decom-position. When the amido-acid is heated with acetic acid, saturatedat 0" with hydriodic acid, yuinoline seems to be formed.The acetyl-compound,NHAc*C~H~*C~HI*COOH,A. J. G.Direct Formation of Orthonitracetophenone by the Nitra-tion of Acetophenone. By C. ENGLER (Ber., 18, 2238--2240).-When small quantities of acetophenone are nitrated a t a temperatureof 30-40", a product is obtained which yields metanitracetophenoncand an oil consisting of orthonitracetophenone. The best conditionsfor obtaining the latter have not yet been ascertained, and the oil issometimes contaminated with what is probably dinitracetophenone.N. IT.M.Derivatives of Dibromacetophenone. Ry C. ENGLER arid E.HASSEXKAMP ( B e r . , 18, 2240-2245 j.-Dibromacetophenone is mostconveniently prepared by gradually adding bromine in theoreticalamount to a solution of acetophenone in glacial acetic acid, warmingthe mixture to 65-70', and pouring i t into cold water.Dibromometcr,nitrncetol,henone, N0,.C6H,*CO*CHBr,, prepared by thoaction of nitric acid (1.4 sp. gr.) on the preceding compound, fornisyellow tabular crystals, melts a t 55", and is soluble in the usnit1solvents.On shaking a solution of dibromacetophenone in benzene withstrong aqueous ammonia,, benzamide and dibroniethsne are formedtogether with isoindileucine, C16H12N2016, a yellow crystalline substanceisomeric with indileucine prepared from indiriibin (Abstr., 1884,1028) ;it is very sparingly soluble in most of the usual solvents, and has basicproperties, forming salt's with concentrated acids whicb are decomposedby water.On the addition of phenol t'o its solution in concentratedsulphuric acid, a magnificent carmine-red coloration is prodnced. TINpicrate, C,6H,,N,o,C,H,(N0,),0H + E20, crystallises in yellow needles,and melts at 110-115".MetA y ZisoindiZeucim, CIFHl,MeN,O, is obtfiined by heating isoindi-leucine with excess of methyl iodide and alcoholic potash in sealedtubes at 100-110"; i t crystnllises in colourless scales and melts a t115", and is soluble in ether and alcohol, but, insoluble in water.H?ldl.ois~)ir~f~ilez~ciiie, C16HIAN20, is obtained in the form of whitecrystalline scales by reducing isoindileucine with tin and hydrochloyicacid; it melts a t 160", is readily soluble in the usual solvents, and4 n 1224 AIZSTRACYL'S OF CHEMICAL PBPERS.dissolves in concentrated sulphuric acid, forming a fine blue-colonredsolution.When oxidised with chromic acid, it again yields isoindi-leucine. A. P.Action of Chromium Hexafluoride on Benzoic Acid. By C.L. JACKSON and G. T. HARTSHORN (Ber., 18, 1993--1995).-Chromiumhexafluoride when acting on benzoic acid does not attack the hydroxylgroup as was expected, but gives direct substitution deiivatives,chromic fluoride, Cr2F6, being at the same time formed.As benzene antiacetic acid also give fluor-derivatives when similarly treated, it seemsprobable that this reaction may form a general method for the pre-paration of fluor-derivatives.Ih'jluorbeirzoic acid, C6H3F2*COOH, is prepared by the action ofchromium hexafluoride on dry benzoic acid, and is purified byfractional precipitation wit,h soda, boiling with water and crystal-lisation from hot benzene. It resembles benzoic acid in appearance,but sublimes less readily, melts at 232" (uncorr.), is very sparinglysoluble in hot water, readily in hot benzene. The barium salt,( C,H,3F202)2Ba, and the caZcizcrn salt, (C7H3F20,),Ca + 3H20, aredescribed. A. J. G.Action of Phenyl Cyanate on Phenols and Phenol Ethers.By R.LEUCKART and M. SCHMIDT (Ber., 18, 2338-2341).-Hofmannhas shown that phenylic phenylcarbamate is produced by the actionof phenyl cyanate on phenol (this Journal, 1871, 392) ; the authorfinds that the same reaction occurs in the presence of aluminiumchloride. With anisoil and phenyl cyanate the reaction, which onlyoccurs in presence of aluminium chloride, takes quite a differentcourse and yields the anilide of nnisic acid ; salicylic acid is alsoformed in small quantity. Phenetoil yields parethorybenzanilidc,EtO*C,H,*CO-NHPh, crystallising in white needles and melting at170".a-Naphthgi! phenylcarbamate, NIIPh.COO*C,oH,, is formed by themtion of phenyl cyanate on a-naphthol ; it crystallises in sienderneedles and melts at 177". The corresponding /3-naphthyl salt meltsat 230".The nnphthyl methyl ethers yield with phenyl cyanatecompounds which seem to be the anilides of methorcyrtaphthoic acids,&O.C,,H,*CO*NHPh. The a-compound crystallises in slender prismsand melts at 218", and the anilide from /3-naphthyl methyl ethermelts at 169".By the action of phenyl cganate on thiophen in presence of alumi-nium chloride, thiophenic ardide, C,8H3*CO-NHPh, seems to beformed. It crystallises in iridescent plates, and melts at 140".A small quantity of salicylic acid is formed also in this case.A . J. G.Nitrophenylparaconic Acids. By H. W. SALOMONSON (Ber., 18,21 53 -2156) .-Metanitmophen ylparaconic acid, C,,H,NO,, is preparedby heating metanitrobenzaldeliyde with sodium saccinate and aceticanhydride (equal rnols.) at 125".It is a colourless, crystalline sub-stance which melts at 1 T l " . Pamrtitrophen ylpai*aconic acid is preparedin a similar way, but at a temperature of 150"; it melts at 163".Attempts to convert these acids into nitronaphthols failed ; acetiORGAXIC CHEMISTRY. 1225acid a t 200" has no action on them, warm sulphnric acid dissolvesthem without change, whilst hot sulphuric acid carbonises them.N. H. BI.Derivatives of Cyanocarbimidoamidobenzoic Acid, and ofDicyanamidobenzoyl. By P. GRIESS (Ber., 18, 2410-2481) .-The author has already described (Abstr., 1879, 321) the above twocompounds, CN-C (NH).NH*C,H,*COOH and CN- C<&.co > C&obtained by the action of gaseous cjanogen on cold solutions ofmetamidobenzoic and anthranilic acids respectively.1.DERIVATIVES OF CYANOCARBIM~ D~AXIDOBENZOIC AclD.-carboxn.mir~o-carbimidufrinidobeizzoic acid, NH2*CO*C(NH)*NH*CGHa.COOH + H,O, isobtained in the form of its hydrochloride, when a dilute hydrochloricsolution of the parent acid is allowed to remain for about a month.The free acid crystallises in small prisms, and has the properties ofan amido-acid. It forms salts with bases and with acids, and alsoplatino- and auro-chlorides. When boiled for some time with waterit yields oxalamidonrr~i~obenxoic acid, NH,°CO*C0.N~.C6H4.coo H,crystallising in small, white, stellate scales, which are very sparinglysoluble in the usual neutral solvents. It does not combine with acids ;its barium salt crystallises with 5 mols.H20. When an aqueoussolntion of barium cyanocarbimidoamidobenzoate is heated to boiling,ammonia is evolved, and oxaltsmidobenzoic acid,C00H.C 0NH.CsH4.C 0 OH,is formed together with some oxalamidamidobenzoic acid. It formswhite scales, tolerably soluble in boiling water, less 80 in alcohol, andalmost insoluble in ether. Its barium salt crystallises with 2 mols.H,O. I n large quantity, this acid is more easily prepared by heatingtogether equal molecular proportions of anhydrous oxalic and met-amidobenzoic acids at 180". When heated at 210°, this acid is convertedinto the acid cz02 : (NH*C6H,.COOB),, a white crystalline powderalmost insoluble in water, alcohol, and ether.Dimethylamido-d i c a r b h i d oamidobenzoic acid, NMe,-C( NH).C(NH)*N H*C6H4. CO 0 H, isobtained by allowing a solutiou of' the parent acid in 10 per cent.dimethjlamine to stand for 4 to 6 days. It forms glistening, white,hexagonal scales soluble in boiling water. It is only a very feebleacid, but its basic properties are more pronounced, and its hydro-chloride has the formula CllHl~N4OJ3Cl. It also forms platino- andauro-chlorides. When its aqueous solution is heated with sodiumcarbonate a t loo", decomposition takes place according t o the equationG11H14N40z + 2H20 = NH~.CZO,.NH.C~H~.COOH + XHS + NHMe2.The author has already described (Abutr., 1883, 669) the formationof amidophenylbenzogly cocyamine by the ac tiou of an excess of paradi-amidobenzcne on cyanocarbimidoamidobenzoic acid.If orthodiamido-benzene be employed the reaction is slightly different, imidophenyl-bcnzoglycocyirmidine, NH: C/ I , being formed. This corn-pouud forms hexagonal plates which are almost insoluble in alcohol,NH-NH Cg H 4' C 0\NH*C,H,-N1226 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.ether, and water, readily soluble in alkalis. It is both a base and anacid, hut its basic properties are very feeble, its cry~t~alline chloridebeing decomposed by cold water. The author considers the consti-tution of its barium salt to be B a [ N < ~ f & ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ > ] iCya.nocarboxamidobenxoic acid, CN*CO*NH*CGH,*COOH, is obtainedby treating a dilute hydrochloric solution of the parent acid withnitrous acid, according to tbe equation CPU’*C(NH)*NH.CBH,*COOH +HNO, = CN.C0.NH.C6H4.COOH + N2 + H20.It forms glisteningwhite scales, soluble in alcohol, almost iiisoluble in cold water. Whenboiled with water, it is decomposed into carbonic anhydride andhydrocyanic and carboxamidobenzoic acids. With cold dilute aqueousammonia, it yields hy drocyanic and uramidobenzoic acids. Methyl-amine, ethylamine, &c., cause similar decomposition, alkylated uramido-benzoic acids being formed.NHMe*C 0.NH.CcH4.C 0 OH,forms white needles, sparingly soluble in water, more easily in alcohol ;i t yields a silver salt crystallising in scales. ElhyIumidourami:dobenzoicac;d, NH,*C2H,.NH*C0.NH*C6H~*COOH, was obtained by the actionof ethylenediamine on thc parent acid. It crystallises in glisteningwhite columns or prisms easily soluble in boiling water and in alkalis,but not in alkaline carbonates.With acids, it yields crystalline saltsand platino- and auro-chlorides. ~~drozyarnidocarbimidocarboxamido-benzoic acid, OH.NH.C(NH).CO.NH.C,H~.COOH, is formed by thesolniion of cyanocarboxamidobenzoic acid in an equivalent quantityof aqueous hydroxylamine. It yields white needles sparingly solublein boiling water, and forms an unstable eilver salt. The formationis expressed by the equation N(C5H60z)*CO-CN + NHz*OH =NCiH6O2*CO*C(NH)*NH*OH, direct union taking place between theCN group and the hydroxylamine. A similar reaction takes placebetween free cyanogen and hydroxylamine, but the amorphous com-pound formed is very unstable.11. DERIVATIVES OF DICYANAMIDOBENZOYL.- Dicyanamidobenzoylappears to be capable of entering into reaction with a very largenumber of compounds. CarboxamidocyanamidobenzoyI,Met hyhramidobenxoic acid,is formed when the parent substance is heated with concentratedaqueous ammonia in closed tubes. It forms minute white needles orscales sparingly soluble in water. Although containing no carboxyl-group, it has strongly marked acid properties changinq the colour ofvegetable dyes, and with bases forming salts in which substitutionof the imidic hydrogen seems to occur. Carbothiamidocyano beiazoy I ,C6H4<-NH>C*CSNH,, is formed when a solution of the parentcompound in ammonium sulphide is allowed to remain. It crystalliscsin canary-yellow needles or scales sparingly soluble in water, resemblesthe previouti substance in properties, and is converted into it by con-tinued boiling with dilute ammonia. C!!anamidobeiinc,yZcrrrbozyZic acid,COOORGANTC GEEENISTRY.1227CO*N C,H,<-NH->C*COOH + +€LO, is obtained by heating dicyanamido-benxoyl with baryta-water. It forms white scales very sparinglysoluble in alcohol and water. I t loses its water of crystallisation at115". It is stable towards alkalis, and has the properties of adibasic acid. The barium salt, I I 20 + 3H,O, forms whiteneedles which only lose their water of crystallisation at 205". Whenboiled with water or acids, 01- heated by itself, this acid is convertedi n to curb irnido amidob enzo y 1, N H < c"EI,->CO.NH The latter substanceis a mell-characterised base crys tallising in white needles, easilysoluble in boiling water. It melts at 214", distils without decomposi-tion, and forms salts and a platinochloride. It is isonieric withazo-oxindole and imesatin. lMetha.l?zidocarhimidocyanamidobe~~oyb,CBHI<-NH_~C.CNH*NHMe, crystallises out if a solution of theparent compound in a 33 per cent. solution of methylamine is allowedto remain for 12 hours. It forms white needles or prisms moderatelysoluble in boiling water, and yields a hydrochloride crystallixing inhexagonal scales. When boiled with soda, it is decomposed intocarboxamidocyanamidobenzoyl and methylamine. Phenylbenxoglyco-COON cyamidinecarboxylk acid, C6H,<_NH->G*NH.C6H,.COOH, which isformed by boiling one part of the parent compound and about twoparts of metamidobenzoic acid with much water, crystallises insmall snom-white needles almost insoluble in all the usual neutralsolvents.It forms two series of salts with one and two equivalents ofa base respectively.C0.N : c GO,GsH,-N--BaC0.NParamidopheny 1 benxoglycoc y amidine,is formed if the amidobenzoic acid in the last reaction is replaced byparadiamidohenzene. It yields small, white needles sparingly solublein boiling water, slightly more so in boiling alcohol. It is isomericwith imidophenylbenzoglycocyamidine described above.T. T W U. 5 . I.Benzenylamidoximecarboxylic Acid. By G. MGLLEE (Ber.,18, 2485-2486) .-Ethyl paracyawbenzonte - prepared by Sand-ineyer's reaction (this vol., p.981) from ethyl paramidobenzoate-crystallises in needles which melt at 54", and are easily soluble inalcohol and ether. With hydroxylamine, it yields ethyl bonzenyl-ainidoxinieZ?aracarbony lnte, 0H.N : C ( MI2) *c6H4* COOEt, which f o m scrystals melting at 135".When meta- or para-cyanobenzoic acid is treated with hydroxyl-amine, the corresponding benzenylamidoximecarboxylic acid appearsto be formed ; but the author has not been able t o separate them com-pletely from the phtha,lic acid formed in the reaction, and the excess ofcy anobenzoic acid.The$-ee acid melts above 330".L. T. T1228 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMlCAL PAPERS.Synthesis of Tannin. By €3. HUNT (Chem,.-News, 52,49).-Thissynthesis is based on the reaction represented in the following equa-tion :-C,H,(OEL),*COOK + C,H,Br(OH),*COOH =C6H,(OH)s.CO~*C6H, ( OH) ,.GO OH + K B r.The pohassium pllrtte and monobromoprotocatechuic acid are digestedtogether with alcohol 011 a waiter-bakh for about five hours.A sub-stance can be span-ated from the product which behaves with manyreagenibs like tannin, D. A. L.Methylenephthalide. By S. G.ABRIEL. (Bey.,. 18, 2451-2455).-From the analogy with benzalphthalimidine (next Abstract), theauthor was inclined IIO give the formula CO<y$> C : CH-COO Hto the phthalylacebamide. obtained by him and Michael (Abstr., 1878,230) by the action of ammonia on phthalylacetic acid. Roser, how-ever, could not obtain a methyl-derivati ve by substituting methyl-amine for ammonia in the above reaction, and therefore proposed tliefoEmula CO<~~>C-CH,*COOH and the name phthalimidylaceticacid for this substance (this vol., p.159). By treating phthalylaceticacid, moistened with water, with a 33 per cent. solution of methyl-amine and saturating the liquid with hydrogen chloride-great carebeing taken to keep everything well cooled-the author has succeededin obtaining an acid of the formula MHMe*CO*C6H,.CO-CHz-COOH,which crgstallises in minute prisms melting with partial decomposi-tion at 145". \Vhen dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid, allowedto remain 24 hours, and then poured into water, it yields yhthalonieth-iinidylacetic a d , C O < ~ ~ ~ > C CHCOOH. This substance formsyellowish silky microscopic needles soluble in alcohol, and melting a t212" with decomposition.When heated above its melting point, orwihh glacial acetic acid, it loses water and carbonic aiihydride andhrms msthylenep7~thalome~liimid~ne, > C CH,. This sub-stance is volatile in steam, and cry stallises in colourless needles, whichare easily soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform, have a bitterodour, and melt, by the warmth of the hand. It is, however, veryunstable and, even over sulphuric acid, the crystals soon becomesticky and covered with a white sublimate, and lose their odour andvolatility. When an aqueous solution is treated with bromine, ityields a derivative, CloHloNRrOz. The formation is probably ex-pressed by the equations C',,H,NO + Brz + H,O = C,,H,KBr,O +H,O = CloH,,NBr02 + HBr.It forms colourless needles melting atThe action of ethylamine on phthalylacetic acid is analogous t o thatFrom these results the author upholds his own formula in preferenceC H125-126".of metbylamine, and is now being studied.to that of Roser. L. T. TORGANIC CHEUISTRY. 1229Benzylidenephthalide. By S. GABRIEL (Bey., 18, 2435-2451).-The author finds that the loss of water described as occurring i nthe reaction of ammonia on benzylidenephthalide (this vol., p. 903)was not due to the primary reaction, but to the dehydrating action ofthe glacial acetic acid employed as a crystallising agent. In the caseof the reaction with ethylamine, alcohol mas used as a solrent insteadof acetic acid. The primary product in the two cases is thereforequite analogous, namely, the amide or ethylumide, respectively, ofdeozybenxoztLcarboxylic ucid.Both these compounds lose water whenboiled with glacial acetic acid. If the amide-crystallisirig in snow-white needles soluble in alcohol and in boiliiig water, and melting at165--166"-is dissolved in boiling glacial acetic acid, and wateradded until milkiness is produced, the dehydrated substance crystal-lises out in scales melting at 182-185". The coustitution is thereforeCO< C H gH4>C :. CHPh, and not CO<2%>C*CH2Ph, as formerlygiven ; the author proposes the name benzalphthalirnidine as morecorrect than phtlialimidylbenzyl. Ethyl iodide has no action on thissubstance, even at 800". The ethylamide, when treated with boilingglacial acetic acid, yields benzalphthulethi~idine,which crystallises in scales easilj soluble in carbon bisulphide, lightpetroleum, chloroform, anda ether ; svftem at 70', and melts a t 75-77".When treated with concentrated hydrobromic acid, this substanceyields white crystals of a bromine-derivative, and wit>h bromine formsa red syrup ; but neither of these cornpounds was obtained in a purestate.When a mixture of nitric peroxide and oxygen-evolved by thecalcination of lead nitrate-was passed into a benzene solution ofbenzy lidin ephthalide, the same dinit ro bcnzylidinep hthalide was f onnedas previously (this vol., p.902) by the actiou of nihrous acid. Theauthor believes that the reaction inl the latter case is due to thenitrous acid first becoming decomposed to nitric peroxide.Stilbene,when similarly treated with nitric: peroxide, yields long, colourlessneedles of dipheit yldinitroethane, C,H,Ph,(MO,),. This compoundis sparingly soluble in boiling alcohol, more easily in boiling glacialacetic acid. It melts slowly at 300", and a t the same time turns green,evolves nitrous fumes, and blowly volatilises. Cinnamic acid, undersimilar circumstances, yields very unstable crystals,. which, althoughthey could not be analysed, are, without doubt, phenyZdinitropropion~~ucid, C2H2Ph(N0,),*COOH. When moistened with water, thesecrystals evolve carbonic anhydride and nitrous fumes: and leavephenylnitroethylene ( II itrostyrene), CHPh CH-NO,. The dinitro-a,cid appears t o be more stable at low temperatures, and theauthor hopes during the winter to be able to prepare it pure foranalysis.The two nitro-derivatives, C,,H,,N,O, and C15H,0N203., previouslyobtained by the action <if nitrous acid on benzalphthahmidine, art:more readily prepared, in a similar way, from deoxy benzoincarboxyl1230 ABSTRACTS OF CHEXICAL PAPERS.amide.altering the products formed.Nitric peroxide ma,y be substituted for nitrous acid withoutThe one, nitrobenza~hthaEiinidine,C O < $ z > C : CPh-NO,,already described as benzylnit rophthalidine (Zoc.cit.), is probablyformed according to the equations :CO<$z>C CHPh + N20, = CO<$~>C(NO,)*CHPh*NOz =CO<$E'>C : GPh*NO2 + HNO,.When heated with dilute soda solution, this substance takes up theelements of water and is converted into an acid of the formulaNO2-CPh C(NH,)*C,H,*COOH, which forms a yellow, crystallinepowder melting at 147-150'.It forms crystalline barium and silversalts. The ethyl ether-prepared f rorn the silver salt-forms crystal-line granules which melt a t 1.54-15.5", and at a slightly highertemperature evolve gas and leave nitrobenzalph thdimidine. Themethyl ether appears to be still more unstable, a3 in all attempts toobtain it, the substance formed was nitrobenzalphthalimidine. Thefree acid is also con.verted into the latter substance by acetic chloride.A benzene solution of the acid when treated with nitrous acid ~ i e l d snitrobenzylideneph thalide.The second nitro- derivative, hydroxynitro benz ylp hthalini id ine,CO<%>>C ( OH).CHPh.N02, forms microscopic, colourless rhombiccrystals.When boiled with water or alcohol, or heated above itsmelting point. it is decomposed into phenylnitromethane, CH2Ph*NO2,and phthalimide. When moistened with acetic chloride, it yieldsnit robenzalpht ha1 imidine.When ortho-deoxybenzolncarboxylic acid is heated with hydriodicacid and phosphorus at 190°, orthodibenzylc~rboxylic acid is formed(Abstr., 1823, 735). This acid, which melts at 130-131*5", may bemore readily obtained by digesting benzylidenephthalide with 1 paintof phosphorus and 5 parts of hydriodic acid (b. p. 127"), treating withwater, and extracting the acid from the residue by means of ammonia.Benzylidenephthalide dibrotnide (this vol., p.lSS), when heatedabove its melting point, evolves hydrobromic acid, together with alittle bromine, and leaves brornobenxylidenepht~alide. This compoundis very unstable, and coiild not be obtained in a pure state. Thespecimens obtained melted about 160". When heated with hydriodicacid and phosphorus, i t yields orthodiberizylcarboxylic acid. Bromo-benzalphthalimidine, Cl5Hl0NOBr (this vol., p. 903), and nitrobenzal-phthalimidine both yieid benzylphhhalimidine (benzylphthalidine) onreduction.When nitrobenzylidenephthalide i g reduced with hydriodic acidand phosphorus, isobenxyZiden,e~hthnlide (or isobenzalphthalide)C,H,<C:g>CHPh, is formed, isomeric with benzylidenephthalide.This substance crystallises in colourless needles melfing at 90-91'ORGASIC CHEMISTRY.1131When it is heated with more hydriodic acid and phosp'norus at 200°,orthodibenzylcarboxjlic acid is formed. Isobenzalphthalide is in-soluble in ammonia or xlkali, but when boiled for some time with thelatter it. takes up the elements of water and becomes converted intop-deoa y benzoinort hocarbox y Zic acid, C 0 P h. C HI,.csH4*C 0 OH. This acidcrystallises in thin, white needles easily soluble in alcohol and meltingat 162-163". When treated with sodium amalgam, it yields an acidof the formula OH.CHPh.CHa*CsH4*COOH. This acid has a greattendency to change into its lactone, and could not be obtained pure ina free state. Its formula was established by the analysis of its silversalt.The lactone, which is very easily formed when the acid is heatedabove its melting point, crystsllises in colourless prisms or needlessoluble in alcohol and melting at 89-90". It is not soluble inammonia or cold alkali, but when boiled with the latter yields a saltof the acid. When the p-deoxy-acid is acted on by hydroxylamine,the compound CsHa<COO.N>CPh is formed, isomeric with that ob-tained from the a-acid (this vol., p. 903). It forms reddish needlessoluble i n alcohol and chloroform, insoluble in ammonia, and melt-ing at 137-139".When isobenzalphthalide is heated with alcoholic ammonia a t loo",CH isobenza~htl~azirnidine, C,H4<G-NH>CPh, is obtained. The samesubstance is produced, though in smaller qumtity, by evaporating anammoniacal solution of the P-deoxy-acid. It crystallises in glisteningneedles or prisms melting a t 197", and moderately soluble in boilingalcohol.When treated with phosphoric chloride, this substance yieldsthe compound C,,H,NCl, ; whereas the a-compound yields a substitu-tion-product which still contains oxygen. The substance CI5H9NCl2crystallises in agglomerated needles sparingly soluble in boiling alcoholand melting at 70-75".-CH,-It is being further investigated.L. T. T.Constitution of the Sulphinic Acids. By R. OTTO and A.ROSSING (Bey., 18, 2493-2509). - In a previous communication(Abstr., 1880, 810) Otto showed that when the alkaline sulphinatesare acted upon by haloiid alkyl ethers the resulting cornpounds aresulphones, and not, as might have been expected, alkyl sulphinates.When at tempting to prepare ethylic phenylsulphoformate,Ph.SO-COOEt, by the action of ethyl chlorocarbonate on sodiumbenzenesulphinate, the author found that carbonic anhydride wasalways evolved, and a mixture of the desired ether and ethyl benzene-sulphinate was produced ; the latter forming always the principal pro-duct.The ethyl benzenesulphinate, Ph*SO,Et, is a very unstablecompound, and was not isolated. The mixture forms a mobile,highly refracting liquid, heavier than water. It is insoluble iliwater, but miscible with the usual organic solvents. The relativeproportiou of the two products in the mixture was determined bysaponification, as well as by analysis. A weighed quantity of themixture was saponified by boiling with barium hydroxide, when thesulphinate yielded alcohol and barium benzenesulphinate, whilst theethyl phenyisulphoformate was decomposed into alcohol, and bariu1232 ABSTRACTS 0%' CHEMICAL PAPERS.benzenesulphinate and carbonate.The quantity of barium carbonaterepresented the quantity of the formate originally present. The carbonicanhydride evolved during the reaction of formation was also estimated,and represented the quantity of the sulphinic salt formed. Thesemethods yielded tolerably concordant. results. The mixture was foundt o consist of from 93 to 95 per cent. of the sulphinate and 5 to 7 percent. of the formate. When heated with water, both salts are resolvedinto alcohol and acid ; but the sulphinic acid is further decomposedinto benzenedisulphoxide.When potash is used as a saponifyingagent and the product evaporated, the formate undergoes furtherdecomposition into potassium benzenesulphinate and carbonate.Ammonia acts in the same way as a fixed alkali, and does not yieldanamide. When treated with sodium amalgam, the ethereal mixtureyielded phenyl, bisulphide, wdium keuzenesulphinate, and ethyl alcohol.When reduced with zinc and hydrochloric acid, phenyl hydrosulphidewas formed in considerable quantihy.When sodium paratoluenesulphinate is acted on by ethyl cIiloro-carbonate, the reaction is perfectly analogous to that with the benzene-sulphinate The ethereal* mixture produced consisted of about Cj to '7per cent.of ethyl toluenesulphoformate, and 93 to 94 per cent. ofethyl tolzcenesulphinate~ &~e.C6HI,.S0,Et. The paratoluene bisulphideformed in the decomposition of the sulphinate forms crystals meltingat 74-75", and soluble in alcohol.By passing hydrogen chloride through an alcoholic solution ofbenzenesulphinic acid, a liquid was obhined almost wholly soluble inpotash. The solution contained only alaohol and potassium benzene-sulphinate. The ethereal liquid must therefore have been principallyethyl benxenesulphinater This salt may be preserved in well-closedbottles, but is very quickly decomposed by exposure t o moisture orair.Trinitrobmzenesulghonic Acid.. By C. WILLGEEODT ( J . pr.Chem. I] 21, 32, 117-120) .-The sodium-derivative of trinitrobenzene-suZphonic ( ~ c i d , C6&(NOa)3.S03Na + H,O,.is readily obtained by heat-ing an alcoholic solution of chlorotuinitrobenzene with an excess ofhydrogen sodium sulphite for some time at 100"; it forms large,transparent, colourless crystals,. is readily soluble in water, b u tsparingly in alcohol. and ether. It loses water of crystallisation a t theordinary temperature, but may be heated to 300" without undergoingfusion or furthec alteration ; when heated 011 a platinum spatula, itexplodes; it is not altered by fuming nitric aaid ; solutions of thealkalis, however, decompose it into triiiitrobenzene and sodium sul-phite. The free sukhonic acid, C,H,(NO2),*SOdH + 2Ha0, may beobtained by treating the sodium salt with coucentrated sulphuricacid ; it forms large, colourless crystals ; on rapidly heating, it firstmelts at loo", then becomes solid, and again melts a t 185".It isreadily soluble in water, alcohol, and ether, sparingly in chloroformand benzene. A. P.It was not obtained in a pure state. L. T. T.Sulphonic and Disulphonic Acids. By E. LIMPRICHT (Bey., 18,2172--2192).-1n the preparation of these compounds, chlorosulORGANIC GHEMlSTRY. 1233phonic acid was used. Toluidinedisulphonic acid,[Me : NH, : (SOsH), = 1 : 2 : 3 : 51(Trans., 18e2, 42l), was prepared and examined. Several salts aredescribed. The diazo-compound, SO,H*C,H,<s(&X, - forms yellow,microscopic needles ; when boiled with water i t yields cresoldisid-phonic acid, readily soluble in water and in alcohol.Salts of boththese compounds are described. When the diazo-compound is boiledwith absolute alcohol under pressure, it yields ethozytduenedisul-phonic acid, Et0.C7H,(S0,H),. A bariwn salt with 2 mols. H,O isdescribed. B1.omofolirenedisul~honic acid was obtained from the diazo-derivative. The chloride forms colourless prisms melting at 90" ; theamide melts a t 236-2313". The potassium salt (with 2; mols. H20) oftoluenedisulphonic acid is described. The chloride of this acid formslong, colourless prisms which melt a t 131" ; the antide crystallises insmall, lustrous plates melting above 240".Paratoluidinemetndiszil~l~o~aic acid, C6H2&fe( SOJ3)2*NH2 + 2H20, isprepared from paratoluidinemetasulphonic acid. It is readily solublein water, less so in alcohol.At 200" (or with wnter.af 140"), itdecomposes into the monosulphonic acid and sulphuric acid. Varioussalts were prepared. The diazo-compoiind and its potassiicm, ba~iurrt,and lead salts are described. These salts when boiled with water yieldsalts of cresoldisulphonic acid. Nitrous acid acts on toluidine-disulphonic acid with formation of dinifrocresol, OH.C7H5(N0,), ; itforms yellow needles readily soluble in alcohol, sparingly in water,and melts a t 82.5". Several salts were prepared. Bromotoluenedisul-phonic acid, C,H5Br( SOsH),, obtained from the diazo-compound, formsa brownish mass of crystals. Thepotassium (with 1 mol. H,O) andbarium (with 6 mols. H,O) salts are described. The chloride,C7H5Br(S02Cl)2, melts at 133" ; the ainide forms long prisms meltingabove 240".lodotoluenedisu~honic acid, C7H51( SO,H j2, forms long,white needles readily soluble in water and alcohol ; several salts aredescribed. The chloride forms whihe prisms very sparingly soluble inether, and melting at 143".Paratolzcidinedisul~~Lonic crcid, C,H,Me( S03H)2*NH2 + 2iH20, isobtained from paratoliiidineorthosulphonic acid ; it forms colourlessneedles readily soluble in water, less soluble in alcohol. At 290" itbecomes black, and is resolved into the monosulphonic acid and sul-phuric acid.Orthotolzcidine~aradisul~honic acid, C6H,Ne(S0,H),.NH, + 2H20,prepared from orthotoluidineparasulphonic acid, crystallises in well-formed, microscopic prisms which decompose a t 290-300" into sul-phuric acid and orthotoluidinesulphonic acid.The barium and cnlciuntsalts (each with 2 mols. H20) and the diazo-derivative are described.N02*C6H2Me(NH,)-SOsH [Me : NO, : "Ht : SOsH = 1 : 2 : 4 : 51,is prepared by heating nitrotoluidine with chlorosulphonic acid a t 160".It forms bright yellow needles sparingly soluble in alcohol and coldwater. The potassium (with 1 mol. HzO), barium (with 4 and 1 mol.The amide melts a t 130-132".Several salts of the acid are described.Nitrotoluidiiaesu~honic acid1234 ABSTRhCTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.H20), and the lead (with ? 34 H20) salts are described. The diuze-derivatiue forms a reddish-brown crystalline powder, insoluble in coldwater and boiling alcohol. When heated with absolute alcohol at loo",it yields nitrotol uenesulphonic acid, N02*C~H6*SOJH. The chloride ofthis acid melts at 50" ; the amide melts a t 133.5".When the diazo-compound is treated with sodium dissolved in absolute alcohol, ityields ethoaynitrotoluenesdphonic acid, N02*CsH2Me( OEt) *SO,H ; whenheated with hydriodic acid, it yields iodotoluidinesulpponic acid,NH,*C,H,&IeI*So,H + H,O, which forms slender, lustrous needlessoluble in hot water. ToZuylened?'nnairLeszcZpI~onic acid,C6H,Me( NH2),*SOdH,is prepared by reducing nitrotoluidinesulphonic acid ; it forms hard,lustrous prisms. The hydrochloride and hydrobromide are described.The potassium (with 1 mol. H,O) and the barium (with 54 mols.H20) salts were prepared.Nitrobromo benxeii esulpphonic acid,NO,.C6H3Br*SO3H [Br : NO,: S03H = 1 : 3 : 61,is prepared from the diaxo-derivative of nitranilinesulphonic acid(Abstr., 1880, 394) ; the chlorideforms large, yellow plates melting at75" ; the amide melts at 166".Xylenolsulphoriic acid,OH.C6H2Me2.X03H [Mez : OH : SO,H = 1 : 3 : 6 : 41,is obtained by boiling the diazo-derivative from xylidenesulphonicacid (Abstr., 1883, 593) ; the potassium, barium (with 1 mol.HzO),and lead ( w i t h 2 mols. H20) salts are described. Btl~oxyxylenesul-phonic acid, EtO~C6H2Me2-SO3H, obtained from the same diazo-com-pouiid by the action of absolute alcohol, forms microscopic colourlcssplates very readily soluble in water and in alcohol. The buriuin salt(with 3 mols. H,O) is described.Niiti-o- xy 1 idineszi $1, on ic acid, NO2* CbH2Me2( NH2) *S O,H , forms colou r-less, voluminous crystals very sparin5ly soluble in hot water.Severalsalts are described. The diazo-derwafive forms a white amorphouspowder very sparingly soluble in water. N i f r o x ~ l e n o l s ~ r l ~ l ~ ~ ~ n i c acid,N02*C6HMe,(OH).S03H [Me2 : OH : SOdH = 1 : 3 : 6 : 41, crystal-lises in yellow needles. The barium and lead salts (each with 3 mols.H,O) are described.Bro172onitr.o-zyleriesul~~onic acid [Me, : BY : SO,H = 1 : 3 : 6 : 41,crystallises in long, colourle~s, rhom bic plates readily soluble in waterand alcohol. The potassiuiiz and b1rr;ut~ salts are prepared. Ethoxy-nitro-x y Zen eszr l p honk acid, N02*C6H&fe2 (0 5: t). S O,H, together with itspolassi7bm and barium snlts, are described.Riami~o-.r~jZenesulpl~onicacid, C6HRIe2(NH,),-S0,H, forms short prisms sparingly soluble inwater. The hydrochloride and some salts were prepared.Nitrosdphotoluic acid, N02.C7H5 ( S03H) *C 0 OH, is obtained insmall quantities by oxidising nitroxylenesulphonic acid. The yotas-siurra suZt (with -& mol. H20) forms iustrous needles.An acid of the formulaC~HM~~(NO&*SOJH 4- 2H20 [Afea : NO, : so,= = '1 : 3 : 6 : 41ORGAKIC CHEMISTRY. 1235is obtained by the oxidation of xylenesulphonic acid; i t forms areadily soluble mass of needles. The potassiunz, ba~iunz (with 3 mob.H,O), and ?ead (with 3$ mols. H,O) salts are described. The c l ~ l o i d ecrystallises in yellow prisms melting a t 123" ; the ainide forms white,lustrous prisms which melt a t 193".N. H. hl.Action of Phenol and Sulphuric Acid on Hippuric Acid.11. By J. Z EHENTER (&Ionntsh. Chem., 6,523-530) .-Phenylglycocine-suZphonic acid, C8H1106NS, obtained by the action of sulphuric acidand phenol on hippuric acid (this vol., p. 55), is not attacked by aboiling solution of potassium hydroxide, but is completely decomposedby fusion with solid potash. Attempts to remove the sulphonic groupby this reagent were unsucccssful. The acid is decomposed by theaction of dilute hydrochloric acid a t 140", yielding phenol, glycocine,and sulphuric acid. The sulphonic group is also removed by nitricacid, and a t the same time a trinitropbenol is produced, which differsin some respects from the known trinitrophenols.Its melting pointvaries between 90" and 104". The potassium salt resembles potas-sium picrate, but the naphthalene compound melts at 138", ~ h i l s tnaphthalene picrate melts a t 149".The crystalline compound obtained by the action of aqua regia onphenylglycocineaulphonic acid (loc. clt.), is orthochlorometadinitro-phenol. w. c. w.Derivatives of Carbostyril and of Hydroxypyridine. ByA. FEER and W. KONIGS (Ber., 18, 2394-2400) .-~~eetkyZca?.~oset~r~Z-sulp237Lonic acid, C,,H,ON*SO,H, is prepared by adding methylcarbo-styril sulphate to fuming sulphuric acid, and then pouring the mixtureon to ice. It cryRtallises in white needles. The silver salt,C,,H8Nso4Ag, crystallises in white needles. The acid yields a tri-ch loroquinohne when treat ed with phosphoric chloride.When oxi disedwith dilute aqueous permanganate, an acid is obtained forming clearbrown crystals readily soluble in water. It contains sulphur andnitrogen.Nit~ometlzylcurbostyril, CloH80N*N02, is prepared by treating thesilver derivative of nitrocarbostyril with methyl iodide ; it crystallisesin long needles, melts a t 181", sublimes when further heated, issparingly soluble in alcohol, soluble in ether, benzene, and chloroform,readily soluble in concentrated acids, but reprecipitated on slightdilution.Awidomet7i ylcarbostyril, CloH80?J.NH~, is prepared by reducing thenitro-compound with staiinous chloride. It crpstallises in silveryplates, melts at 103", and is readily soluble in the ordinary solvents,the solutions showing a blue fluorescence.When heated with dilutehydrochloric acid at 120", it yields amidocarbostyril. When oxidiseclwith dilute aqueous permnnpnate, it yields a 172etl~oz~llzcinolinic acid,MeO-C,NH,(COOH), [Me0 : COOH : COOH = 2 : 5 : 61. Tliiscrys-tallises in long needles, melts a6 140" with decomposition,is insoluble inbenzene, chloroform and acetic acid, readily soluble in water, alcoholand acetic acid. The acid silver salt, C8H6NOpkg + C8H7N05, crys1236 ABSTRACTS OF CHE?rIICAL PAPERS.tnllises in white needles. When heated with dilute hydrochloric acidat 120°, it yields a hydroxyquinolinic acid which seems to be identicalwith that described by Konigs and Kgrner.Derivatives of Triphenylmethane. By C. ULLMANN (Ber., 18,2094) .-By heating a mixture of paratoluidine, paratoluidide hydro-chloride, and benzaldehyde for several hours at 120°, a diamido-dirnethy ZtriphRii~lmetl2ane is obtained, which crystallises from benzenein lustrous, white needles of the formula ZCHPh(C,H,.NH,), + C6H,.This loses its benzene of crystallisation a t 120", and melts a t 185"(uncorr.). Its salts crystallise well.The platinochloride,A. J. G.CzlH,,N,,H,PtCI,,forms a yellow crystalline powder. An isorneric compound is obtainedin a similar manner from orthotoluidine.The known diamidotriphenylmethane can be obtained by heating amixture of benzylideneaniline with aniline hydrochloride, or of benz-aldehyde with aniline and aniline hydrochloride. A. J. G.Derivatives of Benzophenone. By R.GEIGY and W. K~NIGS(Ber., 18, 24@0-2407).-Metanitrobemzophenone can be obtained byheating metani trobenzoic chloride with benzene and aluminium chlo-ride (compare Becker, Abst'r., 1884, 203). When reduced withstannous chloride, i t yields rizefarrLidobEnzo~henone, NH2.C,HI,*COPh ;thi8 crystallises in interlaced, yellow needles, melts a t 8 i 0 , is sparinglysoluble in water, readily in alcohol and ether. The hydrochloridecrystallises in colourless needles and melts at 187" ; other salts aredescribed.Orthonit?.obenzophenone, NO,.C,H,*CIOPh, cannot be prepared byheating together a mixture of orthonitrobenzoic chloride, benzene,and aluminium chloride, but is formed on oxidising orthonitrodi-phenylmethane. It forms colourless crystals, melts at 105", and israther sparingly soluble in absolute alcohol.Orthamidob~nzo~kenone, NH2*C6H,*COPh, is obtained by reducingthe nitro-compound with tin and hydrochloric acid ; it crystallises inyellow, shimmering plates or in lustrous, thick, yellow crystals, meltsat 105-106", and is readily solnble in dilute acids, alcohol, and ether.The authors point out that as neither the ortho- nor meta-amidobenzo-phenones agree in melting point with Doebner's amidobenzophenone(benzoaniline) prepared from phthal~.lbenzoanilide, his disputedassumption that that substance is a para-compound was in all pro-bability correct.PhenyZ quinaZdyZ ketone, C9NH,Me*COPh [COPh : Me = 1 : 2'1, isobtained when orthamidobeneophenone is heated in a refiux apparatuswit,h paraldehyde and dilute snlphuric acid.It cryst~llises in inter-laced, colourless needies, melts at lU7-108", and is soluble in alcoholand etlier.Phenylquinnldine, C9NH5MePh [Me : Ph = 2' : 4'1, is obtained byboiling 5 grams of orthamidobenzophenone, 40 C.C. of absolute alcohol,15 C.C. of pure acetone, land 12 C.C. of aqueous potash (1 : 2) ina reflux apparatus for 5-6 hours. It forms colourless crystalsORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 1237melts at 98-99', is nearly insoluble in waher, readily soluble inalcohol, ether, and dilute acids, the acid solutions showing a bluefluorescence. The sulphnte, chromate, and platinochloride are de-scribed. When treated with phthalic anhydride and zinc chloride, ityields a phthalone crystallising in golden-yellow needles and meltingat 270".Orthonitrodiphenylmethane is most conveniently prepared by theaction of aluminium chloride on a mixture of benzene and orthonitro-benzyl chloride.A. J. G.Benzoylacetone. By E. FISCHER and C. B~LOW (Ber., 18, 2131-2138 ; comp. Abstr., 1884, 59).-Benzoylacetone is best obtained byboiling 50 grams of pure ethylic benxoylacetoacetate with 600 gramsof waker f o r two hours, allowing it to get quite cold, and again boilingfor 2+ hours. The product is then distilled with steam, and that partof the distillate which yields crystals a t 0' is shaken with a 1 per cent.soda solution. This is then filtered from the acetophenone which ispresent, and treated witb carbonic anhydride to precipitate the ketone,which separates in slender white needles.The compound dissolvessparingly in hydrochloric acid, readily in warm nitric acid withoutchange.Dibenzoylacetone, C17H1403, is prepared by acting on sodium benzoyl-acetone with benzoic chloride ; it is almost insoluble in water, rathermadily soluble in alcohol and in ether, and melts at 102". It is dis-aolved with decomposition by alkalis ; sodium does not act on it.Diberzzo~Ediacet~Eethane, CBOHIBO1, is formed by the action of iodineon sodium benzoylacetone. I t crystallises in needles melting a t 173-175", and is insoluble in water and alkalis, sparingly soluble in ether,but more readily in hot alcohol.Benzoylacetonamine, C,oHIINO, prepared by heating it solution ofbenzoylacetone in concentrated ammonia a t 120", forms fine quadraticcrystals which melt at 143".It dissolves in cold dilute mineral acidsunchanged, but is decomposed into amnion ia and benzoylacetone whenheated with them. The imido-group has therefore taken the place ofan oxygen-atom in benzoylacetone.The ba,,e obtained by Fischer and Kuzel (Eoc. cit.) by acting onbenzoylacetone with phenylhydrazine is now shown to be methyl-diphenylpyrrazene, C16HlIN2. An intermediate product is formed,which, however, is so unstable that it could not be examined. Thebase was already prepared by Know and Blank (this vol., p. 556).Orthonitrobenzoylacetone gives a similar product with phenylhydra-zine, identical with a compound prepared by Gevekoht (Abstr., 1884,445), who, however, considered it to be a compound of 1 mol.of thediketone with 2 mols. of phenylhydrazine. It. is more probably anorthonitro-derivative of methyldiphenylpyrrazene.YhenyZacetyZacetone, CH,Ph.CO-CH&, is prepared in a mannersimilar to the benzoyl-derivative. It dissolves rather readily in hotwater, easily in alcohol, chloroform, ether, and benzene, and boils a t266-5269'. It dissolves readily in cold dilute alkalis and in concen-trated mineral acids, and is decomposed by the latter when boiledwith them. With phenylhydrazine, it yields metk yZp7ienylbenzyl-VOL. XLVIII. 4 1233 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.pyrruzene, C17H16N2, readily soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid, fromwhich solution it is precipitated by alkalis or ammonia.Synthesis of Ketonic Acids from Aldehydes and EthylDiazoacetate.By E. BIJCHNER and T. CURTIUS (Bey., 18, 2371-2377).-When benzaldehyde and ethyl diazoacetate (equal mols.) aremixed with an equal volume of toluene and heated in a reflux appa-ratus as long as nitrogen is evolved, ethyl benzoylacetate is formed.If, however, benznldehyde (3 mols.) and an alkyl diazoacetate(2 mols.) are heated without addition of toluene, then a benzaldiben-zoylacetate, CHPh( CHE-COOR),, is formed.Eth y Z ben xaldib enzny Zucetate, C HP h (CH&*C 0 OE tb, cry stall ises intables, melts at 103", is insoluble in water, readily soluble in hotalcohol and in ether. The sodizcm-derivative, CHPh ( CNa&*COOEt)2,is precipitated after some time in colourless needles on addingsodium ethoxide to an ethereal solution of the ethyl salt.The methylsalt, C2,HzrOs, crystallises in prisms and melts a t 113"; its sodiuna-derivative crystallises in tufts of white needles.The free acid seems to be formed on acidifying the sodium-deriva-tives of either the methyl or ethyl salts ; i t crystallises in prisms andmelts at ISO". The barium and silver salts are described.N. H. M.A. J. G.Nitrosophenols. By H. GOLDSCHMIDT and H. SCHMID (Ber., 18,2224-2227) .-Methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride acts on /3-naph-thaquinone with formation of methyl @-nitroso-a-napht,hol ; this con-firms the view put foiward by Goldschmidt (this vol., p. 775) thatthe constitution of the latter compound is 0 CloH, NOMe.By the action of methylhydroxylamine hydrocliloride on &-naphtha-quinone, a compound of the formula CI,EEI,N02 is formed, which, whenreduced, yields m-amido-a-naphthol.The identity of this substancewith methylic a-nitroso-a-naphthol (comp. this vol., p. 169) is not yetestablished ; its melting point is lower than that ascribed by Ilinskito that compound (Zoc. cit).a-p-Diamidonaphthalene, and the Action of Diazo-com-pounds on p-Naphthylamine. By T. A. LAWSON (Ber., 18, 2422-2427).-This is a continuation of the author's previous work on thissubject (this vol., p, 802). When amyl nitrite acts on P-riaphthyl-amine, p-diazonaphthalene-p-naphthylamine, CI,H,*N,*NH*CloH,(identical with the compound produced by the action of P-diazo-naphthylamine on p-naphthylamine), is formed. It crystallises inagglomerated needles melting a t 143", is easily soluble in benzene andglacial acetic acid, insoluble in water, and is decomposed, withevolution of nitrogen, when boiled with 20 per cent.sulphuric acid.It resembles diazobenzene-P-naphthylamine in properties. I t s ucetyl-derivative is easily soluble in benzene, sparingly so in alcohol andlight petroleum, crystallises in prisms, and melts a t 218". The henzoyl-derivative forms red needles melting at 177", and easily soluble inbenzene, sparing!y in alcohol and light petroleum. When this diazo-compound is subjected to reduction, @-naphtliylamine and a-8-diamido-rmpht7mZene are formed. All attempts t o isolate the amidoazo-corn-N. H. MORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 1239pound, which is undoubtedly formed as an intermediate productduring the reduction, proved fruitless.All the members of the aboveclass of diazo-amido-compounds are easily decomposed by bromine,nitrogen being evolved, and brominated phenols and a-dibromo-/%naplhthylamine formed. The latter compound is easily soluble inbenzene and alcohol, sparingly in water. It crystallises in long,colonrless needles, which melt at 121". Its ncetyl-derivative melts at208". The diarnidonaphthalene already mentioned is identical withthat which Griess believes too be ortho-a-P-diamidonaplithalene. Acareful investigation of this substance by the author, by the help ofLadenburg's, Lellmann's, and Hinsberg's reactions, has confirmed thisview. With phcnanthraquinone, it yields phenanthrenenophtha-puinoza.Zine, C12H8 : (CN), : C10H6, which forms minute yellow crystalssparingly soluble in benzene, melting at 213", and giving a red colora-tion with hydrochloric acid.With benzil, the dimnine forms diphen?/ I--nap7atl~aquinoxaline, C,oH6 : (CN-Ph),. The latter crystallises inlight-brown scales which melt at 147" and are easily soluble in alcoholand ether.The constitution of this class of so-called diazo-smido-compoundsfrom p-naphthylamine has still to be determined. Attempts to pro-duce similar compounds from ortho-xy lidene and pseudocumidineproved unavailing ; the compounds formed were true diazo-amido-derivatives, and yielded the corresponding hydraziaes on reduction.L. T. T.Derivatives of Naphthalene. By A. PRAGER (Ber,, 18, 2158-'2165) .-Fhomonitracetonaphthalide was prepared by adding, first,, asolution of 85 grams of bromine in 70 grams of 30 per cent. soda, then75 grams of 26 per cent.hjdrochloric acid, to 100 grams of a-aceto-naphthalide mixed with water, rubbing well all the time to preventthe formation of lumps. The liquid portion was then removed, andthe residue, after being well washed with water, was crystallised fromalcohol. The yield is excellent.Bromethen y lnapht 7 d ened iamine, C 12H,N,Br, is prepared from theabove compound by reduction with zinc chloride ; it dissolves readilyin alcohol and ether, is insoluble in water, and melts a t 229". Thehydrochloride crystallises from hot alcohol in needles. The compoundis an anhydro-base, and can therefore only be formed from a bromo-nit>raceton;tphthalide of the constitution [NH& NOz = 1 : 21.Theethenyl group cannot be removed either by boiling potash or sul-phuric acid, or by hydrochloric acid a t 210". Sodium amalgam actson it with formation of ethenylnaphthalenediamine, Cl2Hi0Nz. Thehydrochloride and nitrate of the Iat,ter compound are described.NitrobrometheiLyZnap~thy~enedia,tline, Cl2HSN3O2Br, was obtainedfrom bromethenylnaphthylenediamine ; i t forms dark-yellow needlesmelting at 242". The nitro-group is not in the same ring as the other substituted radicles.Tribromonaphthalene, identical with that obtained by Meldola(Trans., 188;3, 4), was prepared by the action of hydrobromic acid onbromonitronaphthalene ; its constitution is [Br, = 1 : 2 or 3 : 4).When nitrated, it yields dinitrotribromonaphthalene.The nitrate and sulphate are described.N.H. 11.4 0 1240 ABSTKACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.a-Diamidophenanthraquinol. By S. KLEENANN and W. WENSE( Ber ., 18, 21 68-2 I 69) .-Diamidop henant hraq uinol hydrochloride,C14H6(NH2,HCl)z( OH), + 3H20, is prepared from Graebe's a-dinitro-phennnthraquinone by the action of stannous chloride. It forms long,lustrous needles, which lose their water of crystallisation and somehydrochloric acid at 100". When an alcoholic solution is shaken withether and some ammonia, it acquires a stable, splendid blue colour.When a solution of the salt is exposed to air, dark-violet needles ofdc-diamidophennnthraq~~none, C14HloN20z, separate ; the change isaccelerated by the addition of ferric chloride or potassium dichrornate.Tetracety l-a-diamidop~~enanthrfl,quin~l, ClaH6 (NHAc),( O z ) , , formscolourless, slender needles, sparingly soluble in alcohol and glacialacetic acid.I t does not melt at 300". N. H. M.Isomeric Dihydroxydimethylanthraquinones. By S. V. Kos-TAK'ECKI and S. NIEMENTOWSKI (Ber., 18, 2138--2141).--Acstyl-dihydrox~dimethy Zanthraru~n, C,6H1002& is prepared by boilingdihydroxydimethylanthrarufin (comp. this vol., p. 531 ) with aceticanhydride and sodium acetate ; it crystallises in tufts of yellowplates melting at 236-237". When dimethylan thrarufin is distilledwith zinc-dust, i t yields a product probably identical with Brunner'sdime t h ylan t hracen e.The soluble portion of the product obtained by the action of sul-phuric acid on hydinoxytoluic acid (Zoc.cit.) was found t o containdime th ylanthraflavic acid and dime thy1 benzodih ydroxyanthraquin one.Uirneth ylanthra$nwic acid, C14H6Me204, sublimes in yellow needles,melts above 360", and is sparingly soluble in alcohol and glacial aceticacid, insoluble in benzene. Its acetyl-derivative forms pa,le-yellowneedles which melt at 223".Dl'naet hy Zbenzodihydroxyanthwaquinone, ClaH6Me204, melts at 21 3" ; itis soluble in glacis1 acetic acid, less so in alcohol and benzene. Thesolution in alkali is gold-colonred. Its aeetyl-derivative me1 ts a t188". N. H. M.Constitution of Alkylhydroxanthranols, By C. LIEBERM ANN(Ber., 18, 2150-2152) .-These compounds (comp.Abstr., 1882, 860)do not yield nitrogenous derivatives with hydroxylamine or phenyl-hydrazine. The constitution EtC-O/C.OH is now proposed forthe ethyl-derivative of hydroxanthrol, whilst for hydroxanthrolitself, which behaves differently from the alkyl derivatives in dis-/C6"4\'C6H4solvihg in alkali (it forms a dkep-blue solution), the constitutionalformuh GO < ::;:> CH*OH or H O * C / B C * O H are suggested.\c6H4/N. H. M.Benzylhydroxanthranol. By L. LEVI (Ber., 18, 2152-2153) .-Benzy Zhydrozantliraiiol, CZ1Hl602, is prepared by aching on a boilingmixture of 5 parts of anthraquinone, 5 parts of zinc-dust, 7.5 parts ofpotash, and 100 parts of water with 5 parts of benzyl bromide. Itdissolves rofidily in alcohol, tenzene, and glacial acetic acid, and meltORGANIC CHEMISTRY.1241at 146". When heated with sulphuric acid at 70", it acquires a violet-red colour, and is converted into dehydrobenzylhydroxanthranol,(&H,,O. This is readily soluble in alcohol and glacial acetic acid,and crystallises in long, yellow needles which melt at 127". Chromicacid converts it into anthraquinone. The author intends investigatingthe substance. N. H. M.Campholenic Acid. By R. ZGRRER (Ber., 18, 2228-2229).-As further evidence that the campholenic acid prepared by the author(Abstr., 1884, 1364) is identical with Kachler and Spitzer's hydroxy-camphor](comp. this vol., p. 173), campholenic acid from camphoroximewas nitrated, and a nitrohydroxycamphor obtained, identical with thatobtained from hydroxycamphor.' CaZcium camphobenate, Ca( CloHI5O&,forms long, lustrous, white needles, sparingly soluble in water. Whendistilled alone, or with calcium formate, it yields nothing but hydro-carbons. N. H. M.Sylvic and Pimaric Acids. By S. HALLER (Ber., 18, 2165-2168) .-The author has repeated the experiments made by Liebermann(Abstr., 1884, 1364) to determine whether the two acids are identical.Sylvic acid melts at 161-162", and pimaric acid at 149". Whenreduced, both acids yield the same inactive hydrocarbon; theanalytical results obtained agree with those of Liebermann (Zoc. &it.>.The author intends examining the optical properties of the acids.The Gum Ferment. By J. WIESNER (Moizatsh.. Chem,, 6, 592-619).-Gum arabic contains a diastatic ferment which is also metwith in nearly all the different varieties of gum, in mucilage, inlinseed, &c., and in those plant tissues in which the cellulose changesto gum.This ferment is incapable of decomposing glucosides. Itdoes not convert prote'ids into peptones, nor has, it an c( inverting "action. Thegum ferment may be detected by boiling the substance with orcinoland strong hydrochloric acid. A red coloration is produced; theliquid then turns violet, and deposits a blue precipitate which issoluble in alcohol. The ferment is decomposed by boiling in waterfor one hour and a half. The presence of this ferment interferes withthe conversion of starch into sugar by bacteria or by diastase. Theconversion of cellulose into gum or mucilage in living plants appearsto be due to this substance.w. c. w.N. H. M.It converts starch into dextrin and arabin or bassorin.Chlorophyll. By E. SCHUNCK (Proc. Roy. Soc., 38, 336-340).-It has long been known that the action of acids on chlorophyll pro-duces both a change of colour and of absorption spectrum. Thus, ifhydrogen. chloride be passed into an alcoholic solution of this sub-st,ance a dark-green precipitate is produced, which consists, accordingto Fremy's observations, of t w o colouring matters, phyllocyanin andphylloxanthin. These are best separated by solution in ether and thegradual addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid, which separatesthe liquid into two layers, a lower, blue, containing phyllocyanin,an upper, yellowish-green, containiiig phylloxanthin.In this pape1242 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.the properties and reactions of the former are described. I t formsmicroscopic crystals generally opaque and of an indigo colour, butolive-green and translucent when very thin. It may be heated to160" without decomposition ; it contains nitrogen, but no sulphur ; isinsoluble in water and petroleum, but fioluble in alcohol, ether, andchloroform, a very minute trace imparting an intense colour to thesolvent. Very dilute solutions give the absorption spectrum of theso-called " acid chloi*ophyll," consisting of five bands, three dark, oneof moderate intensity, the fifth very faint. Phyllocyanin is far morepermanent than chlorophyll ; with oxidising agents it yields yellowamorphous products ; with bromine, a grass-green solution.It dis-solves in concentrated acid, yielding dark-blue solutions, showingspectra different from that of the original substance ; it dissolves alsoh i the alkalis, and the solution gives green precipitJates with variousmetallic snlt,s. When heated with aniline, it forms several products,one of which is colourless and crystalline, whilst mother, possibly ananilide, gives a red solution with a characteristic absorption spectrum.Pbyllocyanin apparently acts as a feeble base, uniting with strongacids to form unstable combinations ; when dissolved in acetic acid inpresence of various metallic oxides, compounds are formed containingthe elements of the acid, the base, and phyllocyanin.These com-pounds are more or less soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform, butiiisoluble in water, with the exception of ihe manganese compound.The solutions are not precipitated by hydrogen sulphide. They alsodissolve in dilute alkalis but are reprecipitated on addition of aceticacid. These results probably explain the observations of Church andof Tschirch, who noticed that a chlorophyll solution which hadbecome brown on standing, gave a green solution when treated withzinc powder. V. H. V.Entero-chlorophyll. By C. A. MACMUNN (Proc. Roy. XOC., 38,319--322).-As a continuation of the author's researches on entero-chlorophyll (Abstr., 1883, 1159, and 1884, 194), it is here shown thatit is not due to symbiotic algm, nor to an intermediate food productfrom the intercellular digestion of plant chlorophyll, b u t differs fromchlorophyll both from plants and the Spongilla.This is evidenced bythe replacement of the single absorption hand in the red of ordinarychIorophyl1 by two bands, and also by a red fluorescence of the solution.Both plant- and entero-chlorophyll yield on hydrolysis a chlorophyll-green and a chlorophyll-yellow, the former crystallising in spheres,the latter in yellow needles, and which differs according to its source,whether from plants or the bile of the invertebrata. It appears, then,that entero-chlorophyll is built up in the organ containing it, andthat there is a more intimate union between its constituents than inplant-chlorophyll.V. H. V.Bases derived from Pyrroline. By G. CIAMICIAN and P. h!.4G-NAGHI (Ber., 18, 2079--2085).-1t has been shown (Abstr., 1883,1442, and this vol., p. 809) that, pyi-roline and methylpyrrolinewhen treated with zinc and acetic acid, yield hydropyrroline andhydromethylpyri-oline respectively. If these compounds are heateORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 1243with amorphous phosphorus and hydriodic acid in sealed tubes a t240-250", still more highly hydrogenised compounds are formed. IPyrrolidine (tetrahydr~~~rroline), C*NH9, is obt,ained with otherproducts from hydropyrroline in the above reaction ; i t showrJ greatsimilarity in properties to piperidine, hence the name given to it. Itis a colourless, strongly alkaline liquid, boils a t 82-83", and has apenetrating ammoniacal odour recalling that of piperidine. It givesan aurochloride crystallising in yellow needles, and unites withmethyl iodide, forming methylpyrrolidine.Meihylp y rroEid ine, C4NH8Me, prepared from hydrome thylpyrroline,is a colourless liquid boiling a t 81-83', and giving an aurochloridecrystallising in yellow plates.DimethyZpyrroldine methiodide, C4NH,Me21, is obtained by the actionof methyl iodide on me thylpyrrolidine, as a deliquescent, white mass,readily soluble in absolate alcohol, from which it crystallises in large,colourless prisms.When distilled with potash, it yields dirnethyl-pyrrolidine, C4NH7Me2. This boils at 89-92", yields an oily unstableanrochloride, and behaves as a tertiary base, uniting with methyliodide to form trirnethplp yrrolidglarrzmonium iodide, CaNH7Me31, wliichcrystallises in small needles, and when heated with potash, yields tri-methylamine and pyrrolylene, an unsaturated hydrocarbon.Pyrrolylene, C4H6, is gaseous, and is probably identical withHenninger's butirie (Ber., 6, 70), as it unites with bromine to form atetrabromide, C4H6Br4, crys tallking in colourless needles, and meltingat 117-118".A. J. G.Hydroxycomazine. By F. KRIPPENDORFF (J. pr. Chem. [S], 32,253-176).-Hyc7rosycomaa~~e7 C,,H,N,.OH ('i C5NH3 : N*C,NH,-OH),is obtained, together with aminonium carbonate and other products, bythe dry distillation of ammonium comenamate. It crystallises in long,colourless, four-sided prisms, melts between 340" and 360", and sublimesin similar crystals, with partial decomposition, a t a higher temperature.It is nearly insoluble in water, ether, benzene, and carbon bisulphide,soluble in alcohol, and very readily soluble in acids, tlowards which itbehaves as a diacid base.The acid solutions show a, green to azure-blue fluorescence. It also dissolves in alkalis to blue fluorescentsolutions. It has rather marked toxic properties. The hydrochloride,C,,H,N,O,iLHCI, crystallises i n yellow, six-sided prisms, and melts at265" ; the platinochloride crystallises in hair. like, yellow needles. Thesulphate, nitrate, hydriodide, aurochloride, &c., are described. Thesilver-derivative, CloH6N3*Odg, crystallises in microscopic, rjhortprisms.Hydroxycomazine is not decomposed by heating with hydrochloricacid, hydriodic acid, nitric acid, nitrous acid, or, either in aqueous o ralcoholic solution, by sodium amalgam.Boiling alcoholic or aqueouspotash has no action; fusion with potash decomposes it with forma-tion of gaseous products. No definite products, except ammonia, wereobtained on distillation with zinc-dust. When reduced by heatingwith tin and hydrochloric acid, it yields ammonia, piperidine, andamidohydroxypyridine hydrochloride.Amidokydrux~pyridine, NH2*C6NH3aOH + HZO, crystallises in larg1244 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.rhombic pyramids, is insoluble in ether, benzene, and chloroform,readily soluble in water and alcohol; it melts a t 214", and sublimesin dendritic needles on further beating.It gives a red colorationwith ferric chloride. It is a strong base, decomposing ammoniumsalts when heated with them. The hydrochloride, C,H6Nz0,HCI,plat inochloride, ( C5H6N20)2,H,PtC16, sulphate, nitrate, aurochloride,and other salts are described. When oxidised with nitric acid, ityields oxalic acid.Com uziizic acid is obtained by the oxidation of 'hydroxycomazinewith potassium permanganate ; neither the acid nor any of its saltshave yet been obtained in crystals, nor in a state sufficiently pure foranaljsis. A. J. G.Syntheses of Pyridine-derivatives from Ethyl AcetoacetateAldehydes and Ammonia. By R. MICHAEL (Ber., 18, 2020-2029).-It has long been known that by the action of ammonia (1 mol.) onethyl acetoacetate (2 mols.) and an aldehyde, pyridine-derivatives areobtained according to the equation (for acetaldehyde) -NHs + 2C6HlOO3 + C2H40 = 3H,O + C,NH,Me,(COOEt), ;the hydro-compound first formed being converted into a true pyridine-derivative by loss of two atoms of hydrogen.It seemed probablethat by increasing the proportion of the aldehyde present, a truepyridine-derivative might be directly obtained according t o the equa-tion NH, + C6H,,0, + 3C,H,O = 4H,o + C,NMe,.COOEt, bnt it wasfound that although a true pyridine-derivative was formed, .yet thereaction took a rather different course, lending to the formation, notof ethyl parvolinecarboxylate, but of lutidinecarboxylate :-NH, + C,H,,O, + 2CzH40 = 3H,O + H, + C,NH,Me,*COOEt.The hydrogen is not evolved as Such, but yields reduction products.Ethyl a-nl-lzLtidine-/3-car~ox~late is obtained, in accordance with theabove equation, on mixing equal molecular proportions oE ethyl aceta-acetate, aldehyde-ammonia, and acetaldehyde, the reaction being com-pleted by long heating a t 100" ; it may be purified by treatment withsteam, extraction with ether, and fractionation.The yield is about25 per cent. of the theoretical. It forms a nearly colourless oil offaint odour, boils a t 246-247", and does not distil with steam. Itdissolves in mineral acids, but does not form crystalline compoundswith them ; alkalis reprecipitate it from these solutions. It uniteswith methyl iodide at ordinary temperatures. It yields a brownish-ye1 low, crystalline platinoc hlori de, ( C5NH2Me,.C0 OEt),,H,P t C16, melt-ing a t 191".a-y-Lididine-P- carbox y lic acid,CaNH2Me,*COOH [Me : COOH :Me = 2 : 3 : 41,cannot be prepared directly from its salts; it is therefore best obtainedby saponifying the ethyl salt with alcoholic potash, evaporating todryness, evaporating the aqueous sohtion with hydrochloric acid, andseparating the hydrochloride from the potassium chloride by treat-ment with absolute alcohol ; an aqueous solution of the hydrochloridORGANIC CHEMISTRY.1245is tben treated with silver oxide, and the silver chloride filtered off.The free acid crystellises in transparent prisms containing 2 mols.H20. It is more soluble in water and alcohol than collidine-car-boxylic acid, and yields metallic salts which crystaliise badly and arenot well characterised.The hydrochloride, C8HgN02,HC1, formslarge prisms or thick tables, and melts ah 166" ; the platinochloride,( C8€TgN0,),,R,Pt C16 + 2Hz0, forms reddish-yellow prisms, and meltsat 216".When distilled with lime, the calcium salt yields 2 : 4 lutidine,and the free acid when oxidised yields carbocinchomeroriic acid,C5NH2COOH3 [= 2 : 3 : 41, from which by heating at M O O , cincho-meronic acid was obtained. The supposition that the carboxyl-groupof the acetoacetate assumes the /3-position relatively to the carhoxyl-group is thus confirmed. Experiments with other aldehydes are inprogress. A. J. G.Derivatives of Met.hylhydroquinoline. By A. FEER and W.K~NIGS (Ber., 18, 2388-2393). - Nitrosokairoline (nitrosomethyl-hydroquinoline), CgNHgMe*NO, is obtained by dissolving kairoline invery dilute sulphuric acid, and adding potassium nitrite to the well-cooled mixture.It crystallises in green plates, does not show a sharpmelting point, is readily soluble in alcohol, ether, and benzene,sparingly in light petroleum, and does not give Liebermann's re-action.Nitrokniroline, CgNHgMe.N02, is prepared by adding the calculatedamount of potassium nitrate to a solution of kairoline in concentratedsulphuric acid at 0". It crystallises in long, red needles, melts at93-94", and resembles kairoline in its basic: properties. Dinitro-kairoline, C9NH8Me(N0,),, obtained by treating a.n acetic acid solu-tion of kairoline with fuming nitric acid, crystallises in golden-yellowplates, melts at 148', is readily soluble in benzene and chloroform,soluble in alcohol, insoluble in light petroleum.Amidokairoline, CgNHgMe*NH2, prepared by the reduction of thenitro-compound with stannous chloride, is a yellow oil ; when exposedto air, it acquires a violet-black colour.The hydrochloride and hydro-bromide are both deliquescent ; the hydrogen tartrate and platino-chloride, CloH,,N2,H2PtCl,, crystallise well and a1.e sparingly soluble.A substance of the formula CloH,,N,O is obtained by the action ofnitrous acid on kairoline. It crystallises with 5 mols. €l,O in fiery-redneedles, melts at 144" with decomposition, is readily soluble inalcohol and warm water, and has basic properties. Its solutions indilute acids show an intense red colour, and are not decomposed onboiling.The hydrochloride, C10H1,N30,HC1, crystallises in red needles.The constitution of this substance is still uncertain, but from itsreactions it seems more closely allied to the azo- than to the diazo-compounds.DimsthZllhydroqui?oli~ium A y droxide is prepared by heating tetra-h~droquiaoline with methyl iodide, and decomposing the iodide withexcess of alkali. When heated, it is decomposed into kairoline andmetbyl dcohol. A. J. G1246 ABSTRACTS OF CIIEXICAL PAPERS.a-npDimethylquinoline and the Synthesis of Quinolepidine.By C. BEYER (J. pr. Chem. [a], 32, 125--128).-The homologue ofquinoline obtained by tlie author (this vol., p. 672) by the action ofhydrochloric acid on aniline, nitrobenzene, and acetone is probablyformed by the preliminary condensation of the acetone into the com-pound CM%Cl-CH,*COMe, which is then decomposed into a methylketone of crotonic acid, from which, by the action of aniline, thequinoline base is produced according to the equation-NH2Ph + CHMe : CHGOMe = Cl1H,,N + H20 + H2 ;it boils at 264" (uncorr.).The author considers the base to contain a,dimethylated pyrridine nucleus, the methyls being in the 2' : 4' posi-tions.Quinolepidine identical with that obtained by Wiedel, Hoogewerf,and v. norp may be obtained by heating a mixture of paraformalde-hyde and acetone, saturated with hydrogen chloride, with a solutionof aniline in concentratted hydrochloric acid. The reaction is probablyexplained by the formation of methyl vinyl ketone by the paraform-aldehyde and acetone, which then, by the action of aniline, yields thebase according to the equation CH,: CH*COMe + NH2Ph = CI,H9N + HZO + Hz.A. P.Action of Acetone on Aniline. By C. ENGLER and P. RIEHM(Ber., 18, 2245-2249) .-The quinoline base CllHl,N (this vol.,p. 672) may be prepared by heating 1 part of aniline with 2 parts ofacetone in sealed tubes at 180" for about three days ; the free base isset at liberty by the addition of soda, and is obtained in the fractionboiling between 250" and 280". It forms a yellowish, mobile, refrac-tive liquid, having a quinoline-like odour, and boils at 263-265"(uncorr.). The chromate, (C11H1,N)2,H2Cr207, crystallises in long,slender, orange-yellow needles. The suljphate, CIlHIIN,H2SOa, crystal-lises in groups of needles ; it melts with partial decomposition at 225-228".The hydrochloride, Cl1HI1N,HCI, forms slender, flat, needles,and sublimes unaltered.The authors consider that the acetone is first converted into mesityloxide, and that it is by the action of aniline on this compound thatthe quinoline-compound is produced ; the base may, in fact, be pro-duced directly by heating mesityl oxide and aniline in sealed tubes at130". A. P.Trimethylquinoline. By W. PFITZINGER (J. pr. Chem. [a], 32,240).-A trimeth ylquinoline, CI2HI3N, termed by the author tolupuino-line, is obtained by the action of hydrochloric acid on a mixt,ure ofacetone, paraldehyde, and paratoluidine. It melts at 63", and boilsat 277-278" (uncorr.).The hydrochloride crystallises in yellowneedles, and melts at 260" ; the platinochloride, (C,2H,3N)2,H2PtCl~ +2H20, cr~stallises in yellow needles ; the picrate and chromate arealso described. A. J. G.Diquinolines. By 0. W. FISCHER (Monatsh. Chem., 6,546-555).-In a previous communication (this vol., p. 399), the author describeORGXSIC CHEJIISTRY. 1247the preparation of a diquinoline from benzidine by means of Skraup'sreaction (Abstr., 1831, 288 and 920). On applying this reaction todi phenyline hydrochloride, a new diquinoline, C18Hl,N,, is obtained.The pure base is deposited from alcohol in colourless plates meltinga t 148". The constitutionof the compound is represented by the formulaIt is slightly soluble in water and ether.L+ L(-'-c? N f iThe hydrochZoride, C,,Hl,N2,2HCI, crystallises in slender needles.Both these salts are freely soluble The suZphate forms white plates.in water, but insoluble in alcohol.The phttinochloride,CiJ€i2Nz,HJWIG + HzO,is almost insoluble in hot water and hot hydrochloric acid. Theyicrate crystallises in long needles of a yellow colour. It is verysparingly soluble in hot water and hot alcohol. It melts with decom-position a t 268". , The chromate forms orange-coloured crystals,which are almost insoluble in water, but dissolve in dilute acids. Themethiodide, C18Hl,N,,Me~, crystallises in pale-yellow, silky needles,insoluble in absolute alcohol. The compound softens at 83" and meltsat 126".Diquinoline forms a tetrabromo-additive product, ClsH12N,Br4, anda dibromo-substitution product, C,,H,,Br,N,.The latter compounddoes not melt a t 280" if perfectly pure.Dipuinolinesdphonk acid, C,,H,3,( s03H),, crystallises in four-aided plates. The barium salt crystallises in needles with 3 mols.H,O. The salt is soluble in water, but insoluble in alcohol. w. c. w.Action of Ethylic Para- and Ortho-nitrobenzoylacetate onPhenylhydrazine. By L. KNOKR and F. JODICKE (Ber., 18, 2256-2263).-These compounds are nit ro-derivatives of those previouslydescribed by Knorr and Blank (this vol., p. 556).KO,* C6Hp-CaN,MePh.COOE t,is prepared by heating molecular weights of ethplic para-nitrobenzoyl-acetoacetate and phenylhydrazine in acetic acid solution for severalhours at 100".It forms yellowish crystals, melts at 128", and whentreated with excess of concentrated sulphuric acid, yields the f r e eacid, C17H13N304, a white, crystalline substance which melts a t 202", isreadily soluble in alkalis, concentrated acids, and ether, chloroform,&c. ; when heated above its melting point, carbonic anhydride is givenoff, and para-nitrodiphenylmethy lpyrazene, N0,*C6H4*CsN,HMeYh, isformed ; this distils unaltered under reduced pressure, forming a thickyellowish oil ; it is a weak base, its salts being decomposed by water.The y latinochloride, ( ClsHl,N30,)1,~,PtC~6, crystallises in slenderneedles. By reduction with sodium and boiling alcohol, a base isobtained which dissolves in concentrated sulphuric acid with a deepEthy lic paranitrodip heny Zrnethy lpyrazenecarboxy late1245 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.crimson colour, becoming more intense on the addition of a trace ofnitrous acid.Paramidodipheny lmethy lpyrazen ecarbox y lic acid,NH,*CsH,*C,N2MePh*COOH,is pivepared by the reduction of the nitro-acid with stannous chloride ;i t is white, crystalline, melts at 251", and is soluble in alkalis, acids,alcohol, &c., but is insoluble in waker ; when heated above its meltingpoint, caybonic anhydride is given off, and a heavy oil is formed,which probably is paramidodiphenylmethylpyrazene.Etlzylic ortho~iit~odiphen~lrnethy~yraxenecarhozylate, C19H17N3O4, isobtained by the action of ethylic orthonitrobenzoylacetoacetate onphenylhydrazine ; it forms yellow crystals, and melts at 146".Itsmethod of formation and general properties are very similar to thoseof the para-compound. When heated for some hours with concen-trated sulphuric acid at 100", the f r e e acid, C17H13N304, is formed;this melts at 218", is monobasic, and is readily soluble in alkalis, con-centrated acids, alcohol, &.; its salts are readily prepared, theammonium salt is decomposed by long boiling, the free acid beingagain obtained. When the acid is heated above its melting point forsome time, carbonic anhydride is given off, and orthonitrodiphenyl-methylpyrazine, &H13N30?, is formed ; this may be distilled at 285"under 70 mm. pressure, and crystallises in iridescent scales, whichmelt at 95"; by remaining for some time in contact with dilutealcohol, the scales are transformed into slender needles or sometimesinto thick prisms, which melt at 105" ; it is a weak base, and showsthe pyrazene colour reaction with sulphuric acid, &c.; its salts aredecomposed by water. The platinochloride, ( CI6Hl3N3O2),,H2PtC1,.forms thick, orange-red crystals, and melts at 198". The acid, whenreduced with staiinous chloride, yields orthamidodiphe.I,~lmethy lpyi'a-zenecarboxylic uakydride, C1,HI3N30 ; but when reduced in presenceof free, alkali, the alkaline salt of the acid is formed; on acidu-lating, however, the anhydride is precipitated ; it forms slenderneedles, insoluble in water, alkalis, and dilute acids, but it dissolves inalcohol, ether, &c.,'and also in concentrated acids, from which it is pre-cipitated unaltered bj- dilution ; it, melts at 261".It is a very stablecompound, and by cautious heating may be distilled unaltered ; byreduction with sodium and alcohol, it is converted into a compound,which dissolves in concentrated sulphuric acid with a deep greencoloration. A. P.Cinchona Alkaloids. By W. J. COMSTOCK and W. KOKIGS (Rer.,18,2379-2387 ; compare Abhtr., 1880, 673 ; 2882, 224 ; 1884, 1382,this vol., p. 910) .-~~ethy7u~ocinchene, Cl,H16N-OMe, is obtained byheating apocinchene with methyl iodide, me thy1 alcohol, and potashin a reflux apparatus for 10 hours, and ext'racting the product withether after distilling off the methyl alcohol ; the ethereal solution iswashed with water and with soda, and treated with solid potash, when,afCer a time, yellow needles of the potassium-derivative of apocincheneseparate.This is purified by conversion into the sulphaie or hydro-chloride, treatment with aiiimtcl charcoal, &c. The free base is an oiORGANlC CHEMISTRY. 1249readily soluble in alcohol, ether, acetone, chloroform, benzene, lightpetroleum, and ethyl acetate, nearly insoluble in water. The hydro-chloride, C18H16N-OMe,HC1 + +H,O, is obtained in light-yellow crys-tals melting a t about 198".Ei%yZapocinclzene, C1,H16N*OE t, is prepared in a manner similar to themethyl compound ; it crystallises in colourless prisms and melts at70-77.". When heated a t 130-140" with hydrochloric acid, it yieldsethyl chloride and apocinchene. If apocinchene is heated with ethyliodide and ethyl alcohol without the addition of potash, ethyl apocin-chene is not formed, the product being apocinchene hydriodide and acrystalline substance, probably apocinchene ethiodide.Methy Zapocinckenic acid, CI9Hl7NO3, is prepared by boiling methylapocinchene sulphate with dilute nitric acid ; it forms colourless crys-tals, melts a t 233-234", is sparingly soluble in water, readily in alco-hol and in alkalis and acids.Bthy Zu~ocinchenic acid, C,,H1SNO3, crystallises in anhydrous, yellow-ish needles, melting at 161-162, or in crystals containing 1 mol.H,O,and melting at 124-126". It is sparingly soluble in water, readilyin alcohol, and unites with both acids and bases. When heated withconcentrated hydrochloric acid a t 130°, it yields carbonic anhydride,ethyl chloride, and a substance melting a t 187" and resembling apo-cinehene in chemical behaviour.Experiments made to replace the oxygen in apocinchene by chlorineor amido-groups were unsuccessful.Apociachene only suffers slightdecomposition when heated with zinc-dust.The authors consider that these and their earlier investigationsshow that apocinchene and cinchonine must contain a second benzene-group in addition to the quinoline-group ; the oxygen in apocinchenewould seem to be attached to this second benzene-group in the formof hydroxyl, as the compound exhibits decidedly phenolic characters.It is the hydroxylic hydrogen which is replaced in methyl- and ethyl-apocinchene ; the reactions of these substances quite exclude theassumption that the alcohol radicles are in union with nitrogen.A. J. G.Artificial Cocaine. By W. MERCK (Ber., 18, 2264-2266).-Cocaine may be prepared by heating benzoylecgonine (this vol., p. 997)with a slight excess of methyl iodide and an equal volume of methylalcohol in a sealed tube at 100". A. P.Benzoylecgonine and its Conversion into Cocaine. By Z .H. SKRAUP (Nonatsh. Chem ., 6 , 556-562) .-The author confirmsMerck's observation (this vol., p. 997) as t o the occurrence of beneoyl-ecgonine as a bye-product in the preparation of coca'ine. The basecrystnllises in transparent prisms of the composition ClaH,,NOa +4H,O. When quickly heated, it melts a t 90-92" ; sometimes it doe&not melt below 120" or 140". The substance which melted a t gougenerally resolidifies as the temperature rises, and melts again a t 192".The acetate and sulphate crptallise in prisms. The aurochloride,C16H19N04,HAuClp, forms small, yellow, anhydrous scales, which aresoluble in alcohol and sparingly soluble in water. The base is decom1250 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.posed by the action of hydrochloric acid in sealed tubes at loo",yielding methyl chloride, benzoic acid, and ecgonine.Benzoylecgonine is converted into cocaine by the action of methyliodide. w. c. w.Alkyl-derivatives of Pilocarpine. By CHASTAING (Compi.rend., 101, 507--508).-Pilocnrpine ethiodide, Cl,H16N,02,EtT, is ob-tained by boiling pilocarpine with ethyl iodide. The excess of ethyliodide is distilled off, the residue dissolved in absolute alcohol, andthe solution concentrated by evaporation until the iodide crystallisesout. The crude product is dissolved in water, filtered from the excessof iodine which separates out, agitated with chloroform, and theaqueous solution then evaporated to dryness at a low temperaturewith as little exposure to light and air as possible. The residue isdissolved in absolute alcohol and the product allowed to crystallise.Pilocarpine ethiodide forms small colourless hygroscopic crystalswhich melt a t about 30°, and are insoluble in chloroform, but dissolvereadily in water and in alcohol. The aqueous solution is not affectedby hydrochloric acid, nor by a small quantity of ordinary nitric acid,b u t the fuming acid produces an immediate separation of iodine.P i l o c a l p i n e ethobromide is prepared and purified in a similarmanner. I b is, however, very hygroscopic,'and crystallises with d i 6culty even when carefully dried.Isoamyl-derivatives are not so easily obtained as the ethyl-deriva-t ives .Moniodopilocarpine ethiodide is formed by the action of ethyl iodideon moniodopilocarpine, or by the prolonged action of an alcoholicsolution of iodine on crude pilocarpine ethiodide. It forms white,inodorous crystals, which become yellow when exposed t o air andlight.Attempts to obtain dialkyl-derivatives by the prolonged action ofethyl chloride, bromide, or iodide, were unsuccessful.It is soluble in water, but inscluble in ether and chloroform.C. H. 13.Caffe'ine Chloriodide. By E. OSTERMAYER (Ber., 18, 2298-2299).-Dittmar has recently suggested that only alkaloi'ds containing oneor more pyridine-groups give the characteristic clear yellow precipitatewith iodine chloride and the reaction with ammonia. The authorshows this view to be erroneous, as caffe'ine, a base which is known notto contain a pyridine-group, readily gives these reactions. Cufeircechloriodide hydrochloride crystallises in golden-yellow needles, meltsa t 175", and does not decompose when exposed t o air. It loses iodinewhen boiled with water and gives the usual greenish-black precipitatewith ammonia. A. J. G..Alkaloid in Koch's Cultivating Fluids. By A. G. POUCHET( Compt.rend., 101, 510-511) .-The liquids employed to obtain pure cultiva-tions of Koch's microbe contain traces of an alkalo'id which seems tobe identical with that already isolated from tlie ejecta of cholerapatients (this vol., pa. 576). If this observation is mnfirmed byfurther investigation, it will afford indirect proof that Koch's microbeis really the pathogenic agent in cholera. C. H. B1251 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.Pamhaemoglobin. By B. LACHOWICZ and M. NENCEI (Ber., 18,2126-2131 ; comp. this vol., p. 825).-When parahemoglobin isshaken in a closed flask with absolute alcohol saturated with am-monia, a small part dissolves, and the liquid acquires a fine redcolour. When this solution is quickly evapoi*ated, a part of the pnra-hemoglobin separates as a heavy, crystalline powder. If the solutionis kept for months, it becomes bluish, and is found to contain haematinand albumin, Experiments showed that moisture as well as oxygen isnecessary to bring about this change. These results do not agree w i t hthose obtained by Struve, who found that glacial acetic acid, sulphuricacid, or chlorine-water, extract the colouring matter from parahaemo-globin without otherwise altering the crystals. The authors werealso unable to confirm the results obtained by v. Stein, who preparedcolourless crystals of hemoglobin by treating blood with animalcharcoal.Carbonic oxide hamoglobin and metnhaemoglobin can be kept inalcohol for months without change; in the dry state they becomeamorphous. N. H. M.Chromatology of the Actinize. By C. A. MACMUNN (PYOC. Roy.Xoc., 38, 85--87).-Various species of Antinim contain a colouringmatter convertible into hamochromogen and hamatoporphyrin ; theauthor proposes to call it, Actiniohcematin. It is not identical withactiniochrome, as its absorption-spectrum band occurs nearer theviolet; moreover, it occurs in the ectoderm and endoderm, and isrespiratory, whilst actiniochrome is confined generally to the tentacles,and is not respiratory.In the mesoderm of the ActiniCp, a green pigment occurs, probablyidentical with biliverdin, while Anfhea, Bunodes, and Xagartia yielda colouring matter resembling chlorofucin, derived from the so-calledyellow cells, abundantly present in the tentacles.Composition of the Cartilage of Certain Invertebrates.By W. I), HALLIBTJRTON (Proc. Roy. SOC., 38, 75--76).-The cartilageof the Sepia and Limulus is a chondrin-like substance, giving thereactions of mucin and gelatin ; but there is also present a small pro-portion of chitin. This latter substance exists in the liver of the kingcrab, but it is uncertain whether it is contained only in the connectivetissue or in the liver cells themselves. These results show that chitinis not a substance exclusively epiblastic, but that in the three above-mentioned instances it occurs in mesoblastic structures.V. H. V.V. H. V

ISSN:0368-1769    

DOI:10.1039/CA8854801191

出版商:RSC    

年代:1885

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

1252 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.P h y s i o l o g i c a l C h e m i s t r y .Calorimetric Investigations. By M. RUBNER (Zeiz. Biol., 21,250-254, and 337-410) .-The application of calorimetric methodsto physiological problems.Studies on Peptonisation : C hernical Theory of Digestion.By T. CHANDELON (Bey., 18, 1999-2011).-1n a previous research theauthor has shown that hydrogen peroxide converts albumin intopeptones (Abstr., 1884, 1390). From this fact, the author deducestwo hypotheses : (1.) That the digestive action of pepsin is due to itsfirst producing hydrogen peroxide, which then acts on the albuminand converts it into peptones. Numerous experiments are described,the results of which negative this assnmption. (2.) The chemicalconstitution of pepsin is analogous to that of hydrogen peroxide-ashydrogen peroxide has the formula H-0-0-H, so pepsin has theformula Fn-0-0-Pn or Prz-0-0-H.The author quotesexperiments showing the seeming necessity of oxygen for the actionof digestive ferments ; especially some showing that pepsin, renderedinactive by treatment with sodium carbonate, regains its activity underthe influence of hydrogen peroxide. He also shows that when fibrinis gradually added to a pepsin solution until peptonisation no longeroccurs, the pepsin is completely precipitated in the form of a com-pound which is insoluble in glycerol, but is resolved by dilute acidsinto pepsin and peptones. The author then gives a chemical theoryof digestion founded on the second assumption, the evidence for whichis by no means conclusive.Digestibiltty of Varieties of Cheese. By KLENZE (Bied.Centr.,1885, 564-568) .-Of the 18 varieties experimented wikh, Cheddarwas digested in the shortest time (4 hours), whilst unripe skim Swisscheese required 10 hours for solution; there is no difference in thedigestibility of all sorts of hard cheese, or all soft cheese, but all fatcheeses are dissolved the most rapidly, because being open by reasonof the fat, they are the more readily attacked by the solvent. Thereis no connection between the digestibility and the percentage of waterpresent in the cheese, but there is some connection with the per-centage of fat and the degree o€ ripeness. From examination of thequanity of nitrogen dissolved, the author concludes that, on accountof its great digestibility, cheese is the most nourishing of all food,meat and eggs excepted.By W.HENNEBERG ( B i d Centr.,1885, 540-545).-The results were similar to those obtained byMarcker and Zimmarmann (this vol., p. 1149), but they were some-what more satisfactory.Earth-nut Cake-meal compared with Rye-meal as Food formilch Cows. By I?. MEYER (Zed. Cerztr., 1885, 537--538).-Earth-A. J. G.E. W. P.Feeding Sheep with Sugar.E. W. PPHYSIOLOGICAL CHE,3IISTRP. 1253nut cake-meal is an advantageous food for milch cows, increasing theyield of milk ; whereas the opposite occurs when rye-meal is given.E. W. P.Fibrin Ferment in Blood. By L. C. WOOLDRIDGE (Proc. Roy.Xoc., 38,69--72 and 260-261) .-As a continuation of the author's in-vestigations on the presence of a substance in blood plasma, which givesrise to the fibrin ferment (compare this vol., p.571), it is here shownthat clear blood plasma, freed from corpuscular elements, deposits oncooling a flocculent precipitate which gives rise to the fibrin ferment.So long as this substance is present, the plasma is coagulable with car-bonic anhydride. These phenomena are best observed with peptonisedpJssma. The above-mentioned precipitate consists of a number ofminute round bodies, which collect together into granular masses :these, on standing, cannot be distinguished from ordinary fibrin.Further, this substance exerts the same influence in inducing coagnla-tion as the leucocytes, thus proving that the latter break down tomake a part of the-prote'id coLstituents of the plasma.V.H. V.Composition of the Milk of the Porpoise. By T. PURDIE(Chew. News, 52, 170).-The sample investigated was yellow incolour, of a thick consistency, and had a fishy odour. Its sp. gr.differed but slightly from that of water. Its composition was approxi-mately :-Water, 41-11 ; fat, 45.80 ; albuminoids, 11.19 ; milk-sugar (Y), 1.33 ; ash, 0.57 per cent.Essential Nature of the Cobwing of Phytopbagous Larvaeand their Pupae. By E. B. POULTON (Proc. Roy. Soc., 38, 269-316).D. A. L.Action of Antiseptics on Higher Organisms. BY MBIRET,PImTTE, and COMBEMALE (Corn@. rend., 101, 51 4--516).-The experi-ments were made under the same cynditions as those previouslydescribed, the substances administered being iodine and silvernitrate.The iodine was previously dissolved in alcohol, glycerol and water,or in an aqueous solution of potassium iodide. The results were thesame in all three cases. The total quantity of iodine injected variedbetween 0.21 and 1.92 gram, or between 0.03 and 0.1464 gram perkilo. of body weight. The maximum non-fatal dose is 0.045 gram perkilo., but with more than 0.03 gram per kilo. recovery is very slow.With a larger dose than 0.045 gram per kilo. the animal dies more orless rapidly.Silver nitrate was injected in aqueous solution in doses varyingbetween 0.036 and 0.074 gram, or between 0.002 and 0.004 gram perkilo. of body weight. With a dose of 0.002 gram per kilo. theanimal quickly recovers, but when the amount reaches 0.0028 gram,death invariably follows rapidly.A detailed account of the symptoms in both cases is given in theoriginal paper. C. H. B.VOL, XLVIII. 4

ISSN:0368-1769    

DOI:10.1039/CA8854801252

出版商:RSC    

年代:1885

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

1.2 54 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.Chemistry of Vegetable Physiology and Agriculture.Glycogen in Ferments. By L, ERRERA (Hied. Cexltr.,1885, 549-550) .-Starch and glycogeii are widely distributed in vegetable organ-isms : the one in plants, the other in the ferments, bnt there are a fewcases when the appearance is exceptional, namely, of the first in theleaves of lStrelitzia and Mustz, of the other in Clnudopus varinbilis; alsoin a few cases they are totally absent, as in Monotropa hypopitys andXcleroderma vdgaae. The ordinary plants draw their carbon from theair, whilst the ferments obtain it from the soil or substratum. Starchis stored in the cells of the parenchym, whilst glycogen is found in thecells of the pseudo-parenchym, but both only appear in the growingcells, and disappear when growth is complete ; from this it is evident thatboth these substances afford the necessary material for the productionof the cells.Most seeds and spores contain oil, which in the one caseis converted i n t o starch, in the other into glycogen. Starch is absentfrom thick-walled cells, but is found in their neighbourhood; andgljcogen is absent from pnraphyts and completed crystals, and is tobe found close to thin-wa€led elements. Woody and leathery speciesare poor in glycogen, which is found in 39 out of 46 Basidiomycetee.Those plants and ferments poor in starch and glycogen are, however,rich in oil. E. W. P.Bitter Principle of the Cowberry (Vaccinium Vitis-Idea) .By E. CLAASSEN (Chem. News, 53, 78).-The bitter principle of thecowberry is shown to be identical with arbutin.The author pointsout that as arbutin is decomposed by boiling with most acids evenwhen they are much diluted, all acid shoul'd be neutraliscd beforeboiling when preparing it from bearljerries, otherwise some of theglucoside will be lost.B,y F. P. VENABLE(C12e.m. News, 52,172).-This shrub, the Yopon, belongs to the samegenus as the Ilexparnguaymsis, and the decoction of its leaves is alsoused as a beverage, and is very sudorific. The leaves have the follow-ing composition :-Water in air-dried sample, 13-19 ; extracted bywater, 26.55 ; tannin, 7.39 ; caffe'ine, 0.27 ; nitrogen (on combus-tion), 0.73; ash, 5.75. The ash on aualysis yielded the followingresults :-CaO.MgO. NqO. X,O. MnO,. Fe9O3. SO,, C1. P205. SiOp.10.99 16.59 0.47 87.02 1.73 0.26 2-50 0.66 3.34 1.32n. A. L.Analysis af the Leaves of Ilex Cassine.D. A. L,Analysis of Hyacinthus Orientalis, By A. TSCHIRCH (Bied.Centr., 1885, 551).-A fully grown sample of Hyacinths orientuiiscontainsVEGETABLE PHY SIOLOGT AND AGRICULTURE.Ashpercent.9 '3024.248125.3K20. Na,O.-----32.291 0 '6249.18, 0.85Water.. .......... 89.89 per cenh.Dry matter. ....... 10.11 ,,Ash .............. 8.5787 ,,Containing N. ..... 2.063 ,,Of the constituents of the ash, 46-97 consists of K20, solnble in water,and 16.94 C1,6*59 Na,O, whilst MgO is present to the extent of 7.219,insoluble in water; the ratio of insolubIe to soluble ash is 1 : 4.76.Comparing this ash with that of E.non scriptus, we find more sodapresent in the last, namely, €6.41, together with CaO 103.5, and C119.99. E. w. P.Caffetannic Acid, Citric Acid, and Quercitrin in VirginiaCreeper (Cissus Qinquefolia).. By T. L. PHIPSON (Chem. News,52, 65--66).--The extract obtained by soaking the leaves of thisplant in water is strongly acid, and citric, ceffetannic, and smallquantities of t4artaric acid hare been detected in it. If the extract issaturated with sodium carbonate, and evaporated t o a syrup, sodiurnviridate is formed. When the extracted leaves are treated withdilute soda a large proportion of quercitrin is dissolved before anychlorophyll is taken up. D. A. L.By R. HOHN- Mineral Matter in the Seeds of Forest Trees.Mn3O,.BERGER (Bied. Centr., 1885, 552-554).P,O,.--Elm......Ash ......Horn b earn.Maple ....Birch ....Pine .....CaO. MgO.Larch 2 -076 '34 * 68 1.25* * * . I I I23.7321-7735'6227-6623.771'632.41---6.276'577-825-829-2014-2212.810.322 . M2.492.782.051.830.09-Fe,O,.--3 -240.895.692-948.912.101-3011-2214.2814.1610.8935-7734.1515.21-sos.--4-869-063-935-274.804.454-09-SiO,.--13.941 . 2 95.056-188-9416-005.88Generally speaking, the seed contains less lime but more phosphoricacid, magnesia, and potash than the rest of the tree. E. W. P.Ensilage. By Sir J. B. LAWES (Agricultural Ga.zette, 188.5, 2, 13,93, 117).-These papers contain the results of the feeding experi-ments with the ensilage whose manufacture and composition werefully detailed in former numbers (this vol., p.1088). Two sets offeeding .experiments were made-one with a iiumber of fatteningbullocks, and the other with milch COWR. The results of the latterexperiment will be described first, since a description of its methodand scope and of the rations given has already appeared in the pre-vious Abstract. Very elaborate tables giving the weekly weights ofmilk yielded by each of the 40 cows during the whole course of theexperiments and €or the three previous weeks, and also the exactquautities of food given each week, &c., are contained in the original4 p papers, but the broad results can alone be given here.The principleof the first set of experiment8 was to feed half the cows on weighed1-stions of oilcake, bran, hay and ratraw chaff, and mangels ; and withthe other half to try the effect of replacing the 80 or 90 lbs. ofmangels given daily, by 50 lbs. of red clover silage, estimated to con-tain an equal quantity of dry food. This programme was adhered toas nearly as the nature of the experiment allowed, with the followingresults :-Over the whole experimental period of 13 weeks the averageyield of milk of the cows receiving clover silage was 25 Ibs. 12 om. perday, against 27 lbs. 5 ox. yielded by the cows receiving mangels. Thiscorresponds with a difference over the whole period of 14 gallons perhead, or of 281 gallons in the lot of 20 cows, in favour of thoseq-eceiving mangels.The cows fed on the clover silage drank an averageof 12 gallons more water per head per day than those fed on the moresucculent mangels. On the other hand, all the silage-fed cows whoremained to the end of the experiment had increased in weight,whilst the mangel-fed cows had on the average lost weight. At theclose of the 13 weeks (March 14, lSSS), the expeziment was varied bythe gradual substitution of meadow-grass silage for clover silage-therations of the mangel-fed cow8 remaining the same, For the firstweek grass silage and 2 clover silage was given ; then half and halffor a week ; and €or the next four weeks grass silage only, One effectof this change was that some of the food supplied to the silage-fedcows remained unconsumed ; so that at first less chaff had to be given,then less silage, and, finally, a little mange1 had to be given instead ofsome of the chaff and silage to all of the cows in this lot.The grasssilage, it will be noted, contained a larger percentage of dry matter,and especially of woody fibre, than the clover silage. During thesix weeks of tae experiment, the grass silage-fed cows gave an averageof 2 lbs. instead of 39 lbs. less milk per head per day than the maiigel-fed cows, and they fell off in yield towards the end of the experimentlcss than the mangel-fed cows. The silage-fed cows in this experi-ment Eost weight on the average, whilst the mangel-fed cows gainedweight. Probably the improved relative yield of milk in the grasssilage-fed cows wa0 obtained at the expense of the lice weight storedup during the previous experimental ration of clover silage.Regularanalyses of the milk were made during the course of these experiments,and from the results it appears that the milk of the mangel-fed cowscontained on an average 12-27 per cent. of the total solids, of which3.45 was butter fat; the milk of the silage-fed cows contained 11.93per cent. of total solids, of which 3.24 was butter fat.As regards the experiment with fatting oxen, ten of these animalswere carefully selected, and on the 19th of December weighed anddivided into two lots-as nearly dike as possible in every respect.One lot of five was to receive 65 lbs. clover silage per head per day ;and the other lot 12 lbs.of clover-hay and 50 Ibs. of swedes, estimatedto contain together as much dry food as the 65 lbs. clover silage. Inaddition to this, both lots received 6 lbs. oil-cake and 4+ lbs. barley-meal per head per day. The experiment, lasted 16 weeks and 9 days,and the beasts were weighed at, the beginning and end, and a t twointermediate periods. The total quantity of dry substance consumeVEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY AXD AGRICULTURE. 125767.6032'40100-00---4.424.4;1'1251-771.9427-978'33--by each lot was, on a.n average, 24-25 lbs. per head per day, and thequantity of contained nitrogen was practically the same in the twocases.Taking the result for the whole period-whether we compare thetotal increase in weight, the average increase per head, the increaseper head per week, or per 1000 lbs.live weight per week-there is avery close agreement between the two lots ; the one receiving cloversilage, and the other very nearly the same quantity of dry substancein clover-hay, chaff, and swedes. The silage has slightlj the advantage,but the difference is not more than might be expected in two lots ofoxen fed on precisely the same food. Both lots did remarkably well,the silage-fed oxen giving an average increase of rather more, theothers of raither less than 18 per cent. of their live weight per meek.Sir John Ilawes makes the following remarks on the differeilce inthe cropping of the farm necessary to produce clover silage, or, as analternative, clover-hay and swedes, in the proportions given in theabove experiment>s. Afairly good crop of red clover, cut twice, wouldweigh about 10 tons per acre in the green fresh state ; and, accordingt o the results with No.1 silo, this would yield only 74 tons of cloversilage; so that it would require €32 acres to produce the 65 tons ofsilage. The 10 tons of first and second crop green clover would makeabout 2) tons of clover-hay ; so that it would require 42 acres to pro-duce the 12 tons of clorer-hay. There would remain 4 acres for theproduction of the 50 tons of swedes. 3. M. H. M.73-8526-15100~00 ----7'032-810 9645.795-34!28-0510'.02 --__Report to the Chemical Department of the Highland andAgricultural Society. By A. P.ATTKEN (Trans. H. and A . Xoc.,1885, 17, 397-424).-The following analyses of ensilage aregiven :-Water ........................Solids ........................7--Solids (dried st 100" C.)AlbuminoIds ..................Non-albuminoi'd nitrogenous ma!,-ter ........................Sugar ........................Other soluble carbohydrates .....Ether extract.. ................Woody fibre ..................Ash ..........................Acidity reckoned as acetic acid.. .1.--63 -1036.90100.00----3 -961 '223 -8238'244 -5038-0410 '22loo -00---0 -482.--80 -9019'10100-005 -183 *503'2427 *2114 -4336 -3510 -09100 *oo1 *25--3.76.7023 -30100~005 -G63.702 '7436.659 '1832 -389 *694. 1 5.1238 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMlGAL PAPERS,73'1026.90100~005.692-872.0541.557'1432.608-10100~00 ---Water............................Solids ........................ 82-1517.85 Hay --- --100~00 - -----10.15 3-452-18 2.235.72 2.7735-31 4J.285.77 0.5731-03 38569-24 11.14100'00 100~000.34 --------- --Solids (dried .at 100" C.)AlbuminoYds ..................Non-albumindid nitrogenous mat-ter ..........................Sugar ........................Other soluble carbohydrates .....Ether extract.. ................Ash ........................... Woody fibre ....................Acidity reckoned as acetic acid. ...6.--75 -6124.39100 -00------8.622 '020 *4947.794 '8926 -499.70100 "001-97----7.I 8. 1 9. 10.--Hay ----3 *290.442.5433 *546 *0446'018 -14100 -00--No. 1. Grassss. Slightly fermented ; colour light-brown ; odourpleasant.No. 2. Cocksfoot and meadow fescue, plantain, and white clover ;wet, dark-green, and sour.No. 3. Rough meadow-grass, sweet vernal, and Yorksliire fog,&c. ; pnle-brown, pleasant odour.No. 4, Porkshire fog, bent grass, plantain and otlier weeds;fruity odour, not acid.No. 5. Red clover, rye-grass, Yorkshire fog, and wheat-straw ;sweet smelling.No. 6. Oats and vetches ; sour, but not unpleasant smell.No. 7. Rge-grass and clover ; sweet vernal, wood-rush, and a fewother weeds.No. 8. Red clover and Italian rye-grass, cut in blootn, and even-tually preserved.Nos. 9 and 10.Grass from which silages Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 weremade. No. 9 chiefly poor Timothy; No. 10 more bent grass, sweetvernal, clover, and weeds.The author remarks that the sweetest smelling and best preservedsilage is generally made of the poorer grasses and weeds.Experimental Bean Crop of 1884.-Beans were grown in 1884 onthe plots deroted to manurial experiments on an ordinary rotation ofcrops, on land not dunged for 10 years, and each plot of which hasreceived the same mannre year after year since the experiments com-menced. Tn the ordinary course, rye-grass and clover would have beenthe 1884 crop ; but as this gave a poor result in the previous rotation,beans were substituted, and an excellent crop was obtained, and somevery valuable information elicited as to the effect of certain manureson this crop.There were 40 plots in all ; but from the results, whicVEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY AND AQRICULTURE. 1959are tabulated in detail, the following specimens are selected whichembody general conclusions drawn from the whole series :-Plot 3. Ground copvolites, with sodium nitrate and,, 4, Dissolved coprolites with sodinm nitrate andpotash salts.. .........................,, 11. No phosphates with sodium nitrate and,, 12. Bone ash alone .........................,, 16. Dried blood with superphosphate and potashsalts.. ................................,, 17, No 7vitroge.n with superphosphate and potashsalts. .................................,, 18. Sodium nitrate alone ....................,, 19. Potassium sulphate with superphosphateand sodium nitrate ....................,, 20.Potassium chloride with superphosphateand sodium nitrate .....................,, 21. n70 potash with superphosphate and sodiumnitrate. ...............................22. Potash salts alone.. .....................1: :::} Unmanured ...........................,, 3821. Like No. 3, but, 2 cwt. “supersulphate oflime ” in addition.. ....................potash salts.. ..........................potash salts ..........................,,Grain peracre.lbs.2239a7552636300249626583642649290331316305023216--Straw peracre.lbs.100815689241008168018485541680145625258829418744The soil was a stiff clay.Probably on almost all soils potash saltsare the most important constituents of bean manures.ExperirnentaE Barley Crop of 1883.--The crops yielded by $he severalplots were submithed t o analysis, and the results are discussed in con-nection with the yields per plot reported in last year’s Transactions.The general conclusions arrived at are :-Nitrogenous manures are the most essential. The quick acting ones(sodium nitrate and ammonium sulphate) are the best, and are bestapplied as top dressings, not later than three or four weeks after thedate of sowing. When the top dressing is put on too lahe the qualityof the grain is lowered and the harvest retarded-although there n i a ~be an increase in grain and straw.Nitrogenous manures increase theproportion of albumino’ids in the grain. Phosphatic manures are next,in importance ; but unless employed in a quick acting condition, andin conjunction with nitrogenous manures, they produce lithle effecton ordinary land. * J. M. H. M.Feeding Value of Various Roots. By A. MAPER (Bied. Centr.,1885, 338--540).--0f various mangolds grown, the largest crop masproduced by Golden Tankard seed, the money d u e also per hectareof this sort was higher than that of any other sort; in fact nearlydouble that of Mammoth. As regards the value of the individua1260 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.roots, Giant Yellow was found t o be the best quality, closely followedby Golden Tankard and Yellow Globe. The values employed were 34pfennigs for albumin and fat, and 8* for sugar, &c. Giant Yellowyielded juice of the highest density, 10.7". E. W. P.Evaporation of Water into the Atmosphere. By MASUREFarmyard Manure. By A. AUDOYNAUD and E. ZACHAREWLCZ(Ann, Agronom., 11, 33?-345).-From several new analyses of theauthors, compared with the well-known ones of Bonssingault, thefollowing conclusions are drawn :-The excrements of the horse and cow contain, on an average, in1000 parts :-(Ann. Agronom., 11, 289-308 ; 345-366).Horse. cow.Nitrogen. ........ 15.21 10.50Urine .... P,05 ............ traces tracesPotash ........... 9 -24 13-60Nitrogen ......... 5.58P,O, ............. 3.50Potash 1-00 excrements ..........4.352-200.42The quantities excreted per diem are-Horse. cow.Nitrogen .................... 155.6 grams 212 gramsP,O, ........................ 513.5 ,, 32-4 ,,Potash ...................... 53.8 ,, 133.7 ,,The diet, unless very exceptional, modifies these figures onlyslightly. A diet poor in nitrogen diminishes the quantity of urea inthe urine, but does not influence the proportion of potash. A dietrich in potash does not sensibly influence the proportion of this alkaliin the urine or feces, the surplus being eliminated by the cutaneousexcretion of herbivorous animals. The coat of the horse especiallycontains large quantities of potash, which are to a great extentremoved every time tbe animal is groomed. J. M. H. M

ISSN:0368-1769    

DOI:10.1039/CA8854801254

出版商:RSC    

年代:1885

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

1260 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. A n a 1 y t i c a 1 C h e m i s t rg. Photometry. (DingZ. poZyt. J., 25 7, 65--70.)-From the Report of the Commission of the German Gas and Water Institute, it appears that stearin o r spermaceki candles give the same photometric results as the standard paraffin wax candle hitherto employed (in Germany) ; the wick of the candle and height of the flame being the same in each case. It is proposed t o reduce t,he length af the standard candle to 1 5 cm. and the weight to 50 grams-the object being to centralise the wick as much as possible.ASALY TICAL C HEMISTRP. 1261 Hanchard-Morean (BuEt. de Rsuen, 1885, 99) recommends the use of stearin candles as the standard unit of light for France. Preece suggests a Swan lamp of certain intensity connected with Bunsen’s photometer.According to Kriiss the prisms applied by Hefner-Alteneck to Bunsen’s photometer give rise to dispersion ; he therefore proposes the use of two reflecting prisms. Hefner- Alteneck, in criticising Kriiss’ remarks, observes, that although dispersion may occur, the effect would not be sufficient to vitiate the results; moreover, if necessary, the simple prisms might be replaced with advantage by achromatic prisms. D. B. Elementary Analysis of Gases by Combustion. By A. EHRENBERG (J. pr. Chern. [2], 32, 234-236).-Mixtures of gases containing oxides of nitrogen, and, therefore, not giving good results on eudiometric analysis, yield safisfactory results as rega,rds the percentage contents of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen, if burnt in the usual way for nitrogenous substances.The author figures and describes a gas pipetite especially designed for the measurement and transference to the oombustion-tube of such gaseous mixtures or substances. A. J. G. Estimation of Iodides in Presence of Bromides and Chlorides. By F. L. TEED (Chem. News, 52, 104) .--When a solu- tion of silver chloride in potassium chloride is precipitated by the gradual addition of a standard iodide solution, saturated, or nearly so, with potassium chloride, the silver iodide clots well, especially when warmed and shaken, and gives good quantitative results. A moderate quantity of bromide does not apparently interfere, btrt the chloride cannot be entirely replaced by bromide without impairing the sharp- ness of the end of the reaction. Modification of Kipp’s Hydrogen Sulphide Apparatus.By C. REINHARDT (DiiLgl. poZyt. J., 257, 73).-The improvements give the following advantages : (1.) The apparatus may be charged with iron sulphide without removing the acid. (2.) The spent liquor may be run off without the necessity of disconnecting the apparatus. (3.) The flow of acid being regulated by a glass tap, no acid can enter the apparatus whilst it is out of work. (4.) The excess of gas does not escape into the atmosphere, but is absorbed in a vessel placed above the hydrogen sulphide apparatus. D. B. Behaviour of Nitrates in Kjeldahl’s Method for the Deter- mination of Nitrogen. By R. WARINGTOW (Chem. News, 52, 162- 163).-This method, a s at present constituted, cannot be used suc- cessfully in the presence of nitrogen as nitric acid; for either the ammonia present forms ammonium nitrate, and there is a loss of both ammoniacal and nitric nitrogen, or, on the other hand, in the presence of organic matter, the greater part of the nitric acid is reduced, and thus there is a gain in the ammoniacal and organic nitrogen, with a ioss in the nitric nitrogen.When a mixture of dry ammonium sulphate and potassium nitrate D. A. L.126.2 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. is heated with concentrated sulphuric acid, there is a loss of ammonia equal to the amount of nitrogen added as nitrate ; ithis loss does not, however, occur if a small quantityof water is included in the mixture, for then the nitric acid volatilises with the steam during the earlier stages of heating.Similar experiments in the presence of organic matter indicate that in absence of water, there is a gain in ammoniacal nitrogen, whilst in presence of water, there is a loss. It is therefore important to expel the nitric nitrogen before proceeding to determine the organic nitrogen ; this the author accomplishes by a preliminary heating of the organic smbstance contlaining the nitrate, with excess of ferrous sulphate and hydrochloric acid. Ferrous sulpha'te and sulphuric acid, both with and without water, were found ineffectual for this purpose. Volumetric Estimation of Potassium, By DUBERNARD (Ann. Agronm., 11, 326--328).-The following solutions are required :- Solution of sodium platinochloride in a mixture of equal volumes of alcohol and water ; the solution should contain 12-15 per cent.of the salt. Solution of silver nitrate, containing 12-15 grams per litre. To titrate these solutions, weigh out 0.500 gram pure potassium nitrate or sulphate, dissolve in 2 or 3 C.C. water in a 100 C.C. flask, acidulate with nitric acid, add 20 C.C. of the sodium platinochloride, and fill to the mark with 95 per cent. alcohol. Filter, boil50 C.C. of the filtrate for a minute with a pinch of zinc-dust (metallic platinum is precipitated and zinc and sodium chlorides remain in solution), make up to 100 c.c., filter, and titrate 50 C.C. of the filtrate with silver nitrate. The cubic ccntimetres of silver nitrate employed, multiplied by 4, is the quantity iiecessary to precipitate the chlorine left in solution in 20 C.C. of sodium platinochloride, after precipitation of 0.500 gram pure potassium nitrate or sulphate.The quantity of silver nitrate neces- sary t o precipitate the chlorine originally present in 20 C.C. of sodium platinochloride, is found by measuring 10 C.C. of the latter into a 100 C.C. flask, boiling witlh zinc-dust, making up to 100 c.c., filtering, .titrating 50 C.C. of filtrate with silver nitrate, and mukiply- i n g the cubic centimetres used by 4. The difference between these two quantities of silver nitrate is the quantity corresponding with 0.500 gram pare potassium nitrate or aulphate, and is to be marked on the bottle. In actual analysis, 5 grams of the substance are brought into solu- tion and made up to 100 C.C. ; 10 C.C. of this is taken for the estima- tion, which is conducted as above described.When chlorides are present in the solution of the sample, another 10 C.C. must be directly titrated with the silver nitrate, and correction made accordingly. No test analyses are cited by the author. Determination of Soluble Potash in Soils. By QUANTIN (Arm. Agrmom., 11, 367-374).-The readily assimilable potash in a soil may be considered to be the portion soluble in water plus the portion rendered insoluble by the action of organic matter, but readily set free on the destruction by decay or fermentation of this associated organic matter. When strong acids are employed in the estimation D. A. L. J. M. H. M.ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. 1263 of available potash, not only are the two amounts of potash above- mentioned brought into solution, but the potash-bearing minerals of the soil are also attacked to some extent, and yield up a larger or smaller quantity of potash, which, under the circumstances of actual cultivation, would be slowly liberahed during the lapse of perhaps several years.In order bo arrive more truly at the " minimum of available potash," the author uses the foliowing process :- The sample is incinerated at a low red heat. This is best done as Schloesing recommends, by placing it in a boat heated in a combustion-tube, and passing a current of carbonic anhydride until tarry vapours disappear, then gradually replacing the carbonic anhydride by oxygen, u&il a carrent of pure oxygen traverses the f,ube. If the incineration is properly conducted, the ptash originally solnble in water, remains so, and that combined with organic mahter becomes soluble on the destruction of the latter.After the iccineration, boiling water is used to extract the potash. From the examination of eight soils cited by the author, it appears that the potash obtained in this way is from 0.07 to 0-45 per cent. less than that extracted when strong acids are used. When acids are to be employed for the purpose of obtaining resnlts comparable with those obtained by the ordinary process, the author recommends t,he fallowing mode of procedure, which shortens the time necessary by ane half, without any sacrifice of accuracy :- To ascertain t h e volume occupied b y the sample, place the 25 or 50 grams of soil in a flask marked at 50 c.c., and measure, by means of a burette, the volume of water necessary to fill the flask to the mark.Transfer the water and soil to a basin, add nitric acid gradually until effervescence ceases, and evaporate to dryness on a sand-bath, cont,inuing the heat until nitrous fumes cease. The heat should not exceed a dull red. Stir the residue with boiling water for 15 minutes, then add ammonium carbonate solution until the liquid just smells of ammonia. Infroduce the contents of She capsule into P litre flask, make up to the mark wifh water, and shake at intervals for two hours. Throw the whole 0n a plaited filter, collect 900 C.C. of the filtrate, evaporate to dryness, ignite gently, digest with 50 C.C. dilute hydrochloric acid, concentrate to 20 c.c., and add platinum tetra- chloride. The potassium platinochloride thus obtained is very pure.The volume occupied by the insoluble residue is taken to be the same as that of the original sample of soil. Even if this volume were altogether neglected, and the flask assumed t o contain 1000 G.C. of water, the authors shew thak, in assaying 25 grams of soil containing 0.400 per cent. of potash, the error would be only 0.0048 per cent. in excess. J. M. H. 31. Estimation of Small Quantities of Sodium Chloride in Crude Potassium Chloride. By F. ROTTGER a d IR. PRECHT (Ber., 18, 2076--'t078).-The estimation of very small quantities of sodium chloride in presence of potassium chloride is very difficult. The authors find that good results are obtained by treating the dried chlorides with alcohol of 90 per cent. (by weight).The extract con- tains all the sodium chloride with a small quantity of potassium12rii. ABSTRACTS OF OHKc,lllICAL PAPERS. chloride, and separation can be effected by evaporating to dryness, weighing the mixed chlorides so obtained, and then estimating the potassium as platinochloride in the usual manner. 100 parts of 90 per cent. alcohol at 15" dissolve 0.345 part of sodium chloride and 0.073 part of potassium chloride. Any magnesium chloride present is separated by adding potassium carb6nate to the alcoholic solution. A. J. G. Detection of Irm, Alriminiurn, Chromium, Manganese, Cobalt, Nickel, Calcium, and Magnesium (as Phosphate) in the Precipitate Produced by Ammonia. By C. L. BLOXAM (Chem. News, 53,109-110).-The author proposes a method for the detec- tion of Fe, 81, Cr, Mn, Go, Ni, Ca, &c., in the precipitate produced by ammonium chloride and ammonia, after oxidation, in the filtrate from the separation of the hydrogen snlphide gronp of the ordinary quali- tative course. The precipitate is dissolved in hot dilute hydrochloric acid, and this solution is boiled with excess of potash ; the filtrate con- tains any aluminium phosphate and phosphoric acid.The precipitate is redissolved in hydrochloric acid, and the solution treated sgccessively, first with ammonium acetate, which precipitates iron and chromium phosphates, then with sodium phosphate, and is boiled ; the precipi- tate contains a phosphate, the non-phosphakic iron and chromium of the original precipitate. The filtrate is then treaked with excess of ammonia, the calcium, barium, strontium, and magnesium (originaJly present as phosphate), probably manganese or cobalt, or both, are pre; cipitated, whilst nickel and some cobalt remain in solution.The method bas been found to work well. When a solution containing iron, nickel, and cobalt is precipitated with ammonium chloride and ammonia, more cobalt than nickel comes down with the iron, and in fact, cobalt can be roughly separated from nickel by this means. When iroii and chromium are to be separated by oxidation with bromine, the chromium phosphate must be previously decomposed with sodium carbonate. Large quantities of chromium may be separated from iron by boiling the mixture with potash and potnssium ferricyanide ; potassium chromate is formed.Estimation of Manganese. (Dingl. pol@ J., 25 7, 199-205.) TVolil's volumetric method of estimating manganese in iron and its ores necessitates the presence of the manganese in the form of proto-salt, and the iron in the form of chloride. The ferric oxide is precipitated with zinc oxide, and the manganese titrated with potassium perman- ganate in presence of the iron precipitate. According to Reinhardt, the gravimetric estimation of manganese by precipitation with bromine gives satisfactory results. The method may be shortened by dissolving the iron ore in hydrochloric scid of sp. gr. 1-19, oxidising with nitric acid or potassium chlorate, filtering into a litre flask, neutralising the filtrate s i t h ammonium carbonate, precipitating with ammonium acetat.e (faintly acid) at a boiling heat, cooling and making up with water to 1 litre.The mangauese in 300-500 C.C. of the filtrate is then precipitated. Yor the determination of manganese, Juptner adopts the following D. A. L.ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. 1263 method :-The hydrochloric acid Rolntion of the substance to be esti- mated-in which any ferrous salt must be previously oxidised with potassium chlorate-is neutralised with sodium carbonate in a graduated measure, treated with ammonium chloride, precipitated in t.he cold with harinm carbonate, and, after adding an excess of am- monia, digested for some time with agitation. 1.t is then filled to the mark, well mixed and filtered. A certain measure of this filtrate is treated with snlphuric acid, filtered, neutralised with ammonia, heated to boiling, and precipitated with ammonium sulphide.It is then filtered, and washed with water saturated with ammonium sulphide. If the precipitate is small, it may be treated directly with boiling acetic acid. With larger quantities, the precipitate is washed with acetic acid throuqh the filter into a beaker. The solution is filtered into a tared platinum basin, evaporated to dryness, ignited and weigbed as Mn304. According to Meinecke the action of potassium permanganate 011 a manganous salt is expressed by the equation- 20Mn$04 + 12KMnO4 + 27H20 = (30MnO2 + 2MnO + I 3H20) whilst in the presence of a zinc salt the following reaction occurs :- 6MnS04 + 4KMn04 + 2ZnS04 + 13H20 =(10Mn02 + 2Zn0 + 6K2S04 + 14H801, 3. 7HZO) + 2KZSO4 + 6H2S04.According to Volhmd, the presence of chlorides interferes with the success of his method ; Meinecke, however, finds that the resnlts are not so wanting in accuracy as to warrant the evaporation with snl- phuric acid recommended by Volhard. In order t o obtain an oxide free from protoxide, a large excess of zinc is required. Meinecke adds from 25 to 30 grams of zinc sulpbate to the solution to be titrated. He also recommends the nse of an excess of potassium permanganate to ensure the complete oxidation of the manganese. The excess is then titrated back with antimony trichloride. Separation of Titanium .from Aluminium and Iron. By 3’. A. GOOCH (Chem. News, 58, 55-57, and 68--7O).-By numerous experiments, the author shows that in the presence of free acetic or formic acid, titanium is precipitated from its solutions by alkaline phosphates, ammonia, &c., whilst aluminium is not; and as the present methods of separating titanium from alumininm are all of them unsatisfactory, the author proposes and describes methods founded on the above reactions. In one method, the solution is mixed with sodium ammonium hydrogen phosphate, formic acid, and ammo- nium formnte; in the other method, the solution is treated with acetic acid and sodium acetate, and is then boiled.The precipitates in both cases go through a series of washings, fusions, $c. ; the first method is tedious, owing t o the inconvenient state of the precipitate, whilst in the second method the numerous simple operations have to be repeated four times before a good separation of the two metals is effected.If iron is present it is removed beforehand by means of hydrogen sulphide, in presence of ammonia and ammonium tartrate. D. B.1266 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. The hydrogen sulphide is boiled off, and the tartaric acid oxidised by permanganate, then the solution is ready for the above treatment. I n treating silicates containing both titanium and phosphoric acid, the residual insoluble silica should be treated with sulphuric and hydro- fluoric acids, to recover as insoluble titanic phosphate any titanium deposited with the silica. Decrease of Dissolved Oxygen in Deep-well Waters, and a Simple Method for taking Samples in Deep Borings. By B. LEPSIUS (Bey., 18, 2487--2490).-The rcseamhes of Finkener and others have shown the desirability of water for domestic purposes having a high percentage of dissolved oxygen.The author has ex- amined samples of water obtained at various depths in the new borings in diluvial and tertiary sandstones af Frankfort. In three samples taken at depths of 12, 13, and 25 metres, the percentages of oxygen t o total dissolved gases were 24-06, 21.97, 12.90, respectively. An apparat,us is also described for baking samples from small borings, without the water coming into contact with the air or with surface waters. L, T. T. Biological Examination of Water. By C. J. H. WABDEN (Chenz. News, 52, 52-54, 66-68, 73-76, 89, and 101-104;). Valuation of Ozokerite. By B. LACH (Chem. Zeit., 1885, 905, and Dingl. poZyt. J., 257, 259).--100 grams of ozokerite are treated with 20 grams of fuming sulphuric acid in a tared basin.The mix- ture is heated at 170-180", and stirred until all sulphurous anhydride lins been expelled. On re-weighing the basin the difference gives the loss in volatile constituents. 10 grams of residues from the manufac- ture of potassium ferrocyanide, previously dried at 140°, are then added. A tenth part of the mixture is weighed into a tared filter, and extracted with benzene at 60-80" i n an extracting apparatus ; The loss represents the yield of wax. D. A. L. D. B. Titration of Phenol with Bromine, By C. WEINREB and S. BONDI (Monatsh. Chem., 6, 506--510).-Benedikt has pointed out ( W i e r t . Akad. Ber., lS79), that when a solution of phenol is mixed with an excess of bromine-water, tribromophenol bromide is formed, not tribromophenol, as stated by Landolt (Ber., 4, 770). In Koppe- schaar's method of estimating phenol (this Journal, 1877, i, 746) an excess of bromine-water is added t o the solution of phenol ; potassium iodide is added to the mixture, and the amount of iodine liberated is estimated by means of a standard solution of sodium thiosulphate.The tribromophenol bromide is decomposed by the potassium iodide, yielding potassium bromide, iodine, and tribromophenol- CsEI,Br3*OBr + 2KI = C,H,Br,*OK + KBr -j- 21. Better results are obtained if a mixture of sodium bromide and bromate is substitilted for bromine-water. Although this method yields satisfactory results with pure phenol, it cannot be successfully applied to crude carbolic acid or tar oils, as it is exceedingly difficultTECHNICAL CHEMlST RS.1267 to completely extract the phenol from such oils by shaking with water. If the crude carbolic acid is itself subjected to the action of bromine- water, the bromine only acts on the sirface of the oil globules. w. c. w. Determination of the Strength of Vinegar and Acetic Acid. (Dingl. polyt. J., 257, 74).-For the rapid estimation of the acidity of vinegar and acetic acid, Hartmann and Hauer's volumetric method is recommended. D. B. Action of Lime on Quinine. By A. R. HASLAM ( C h m . News, 52, 97).-Experimental evidence is adduced to show that quinine is de- composed by heating with lime a t low temperatures. One gram of quinine sulphate mixed with lime was found to lose 0.032 gram after exposure to a temperatlure of 70" for four hours, whilst a t 100" the mean loss in five experiments was 5 per cent.D. A. L. Modification of the Nitrometer for Use as a Ureemeter and other Purposes. By G. LUNGE (Be?.., 18, 2030-2032).-A modifi- cation of the author's nitrometer, in which by means of the three-way tap the measuring tube can be connected with a small flask in which decompositions such as that of urea by sodium hgpobromite, &c., are effected, the volume of gas evolved being then read off in the usual way in the nitrometer. A. J. G.1260 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.A n a 1 y t i c a 1 C h e m i s t rg.Photometry. (DingZ. poZyt. J., 25 7, 65--70.)-From the Reportof the Commission of the German Gas and Water Institute, it appearsthat stearin o r spermaceki candles give the same photometric resultsas the standard paraffin wax candle hitherto employed (in Germany) ;the wick of the candle and height of the flame being the same in eachcase.It is proposed t o reduce t,he length af the standard candle to1 5 cm. and the weight to 50 grams-the object being to centralise thewick as much as possibleASALY TICAL C HEMISTRP. 1261Hanchard-Morean (BuEt. de Rsuen, 1885, 99) recommends the useof stearin candles as the standard unit of light for France. Preecesuggests a Swan lamp of certain intensity connected with Bunsen’sphotometer.According to Kriiss the prisms applied by Hefner-Alteneck toBunsen’s photometer give rise to dispersion ; he therefore proposes theuse of two reflecting prisms.Hefner- Alteneck, in criticising Kriiss’remarks, observes, that although dispersion may occur, the effect wouldnot be sufficient to vitiate the results; moreover, if necessary, thesimple prisms might be replaced with advantage by achromaticprisms. D. B.Elementary Analysis of Gases by Combustion. By A.EHRENBERG (J. pr. Chern. [2], 32, 234-236).-Mixtures of gasescontaining oxides of nitrogen, and, therefore, not giving good resultson eudiometric analysis, yield safisfactory results as rega,rds thepercentage contents of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen, if burnt in theusual way for nitrogenous substances. The author figures anddescribes a gas pipetite especially designed for the measurement andtransference to the oombustion-tube of such gaseous mixtures orsubstances.A. J. G.Estimation of Iodides in Presence of Bromides andChlorides. By F. L. TEED (Chem. News, 52, 104) .--When a solu-tion of silver chloride in potassium chloride is precipitated by thegradual addition of a standard iodide solution, saturated, or nearly so,with potassium chloride, the silver iodide clots well, especially whenwarmed and shaken, and gives good quantitative results. A moderatequantity of bromide does not apparently interfere, btrt the chloridecannot be entirely replaced by bromide without impairing the sharp-ness of the end of the reaction.Modification of Kipp’s Hydrogen Sulphide Apparatus.By C. REINHARDT (DiiLgl. poZyt. J., 257, 73).-The improvementsgive the following advantages : (1.) The apparatus may be chargedwith iron sulphide without removing the acid.(2.) The spentliquor may be run off without the necessity of disconnecting theapparatus. (3.) The flow of acid being regulated by a glass tap, noacid can enter the apparatus whilst it is out of work. (4.) Theexcess of gas does not escape into the atmosphere, but is absorbed in avessel placed above the hydrogen sulphide apparatus. D. B.Behaviour of Nitrates in Kjeldahl’s Method for the Deter-mination of Nitrogen. By R. WARINGTOW (Chem. News, 52, 162-163).-This method, a s at present constituted, cannot be used suc-cessfully in the presence of nitrogen as nitric acid; for either theammonia present forms ammonium nitrate, and there is a loss of bothammoniacal and nitric nitrogen, or, on the other hand, in the presenceof organic matter, the greater part of the nitric acid is reduced, andthus there is a gain in the ammoniacal and organic nitrogen, witha ioss in the nitric nitrogen.When a mixture of dry ammonium sulphate and potassium nitrateD.A. L126.2 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.is heated with concentrated sulphuric acid, there is a loss of ammoniaequal to the amount of nitrogen added as nitrate ; ithis loss does not,however, occur if a small quantityof water is included in the mixture,for then the nitric acid volatilises with the steam during the earlierstages of heating. Similar experiments in the presence of organicmatter indicate that in absence of water, there is a gain in ammoniacalnitrogen, whilst in presence of water, there is a loss.It is thereforeimportant to expel the nitric nitrogen before proceeding to determinethe organic nitrogen ; this the author accomplishes by a preliminaryheating of the organic smbstance contlaining the nitrate, with excessof ferrous sulphate and hydrochloric acid.Ferrous sulpha'te and sulphuric acid, both with and without water,were found ineffectual for this purpose.Volumetric Estimation of Potassium, By DUBERNARD (Ann.Agronm., 11, 326--328).-The following solutions are required :-Solution of sodium platinochloride in a mixture of equal volumes ofalcohol and water ; the solution should contain 12-15 per cent. of thesalt. Solution of silver nitrate, containing 12-15 grams per litre. Totitrate these solutions, weigh out 0.500 gram pure potassium nitrate orsulphate, dissolve in 2 or 3 C.C.water in a 100 C.C. flask, acidulate withnitric acid, add 20 C.C. of the sodium platinochloride, and fill to themark with 95 per cent. alcohol. Filter, boil50 C.C. of the filtrate for aminute with a pinch of zinc-dust (metallic platinum is precipitatedand zinc and sodium chlorides remain in solution), make up to 100 c.c.,filter, and titrate 50 C.C. of the filtrate with silver nitrate. Thecubic ccntimetres of silver nitrate employed, multiplied by 4, is thequantity iiecessary to precipitate the chlorine left in solution in 20 C.C.of sodium platinochloride, after precipitation of 0.500 gram purepotassium nitrate or sulphate. The quantity of silver nitrate neces-sary t o precipitate the chlorine originally present in 20 C.C.of sodiumplatinochloride, is found by measuring 10 C.C. of the latter into a100 C.C. flask, boiling witlh zinc-dust, making up to 100 c.c.,filtering, .titrating 50 C.C. of filtrate with silver nitrate, and mukiply-i n g the cubic centimetres used by 4. The difference between thesetwo quantities of silver nitrate is the quantity corresponding with0.500 gram pare potassium nitrate or aulphate, and is to be markedon the bottle.In actual analysis, 5 grams of the substance are brought into solu-tion and made up to 100 C.C. ; 10 C.C. of this is taken for the estima-tion, which is conducted as above described. When chlorides arepresent in the solution of the sample, another 10 C.C. must be directlytitrated with the silver nitrate, and correction made accordingly. Notest analyses are cited by the author.Determination of Soluble Potash in Soils.By QUANTIN(Arm. Agrmom., 11, 367-374).-The readily assimilable potash in asoil may be considered to be the portion soluble in water plus theportion rendered insoluble by the action of organic matter, but readilyset free on the destruction by decay or fermentation of this associatedorganic matter. When strong acids are employed in the estimationD. A. L.J. M. H. MANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. 1263of available potash, not only are the two amounts of potash above-mentioned brought into solution, but the potash-bearing minerals ofthe soil are also attacked to some extent, and yield up a larger orsmaller quantity of potash, which, under the circumstances of actualcultivation, would be slowly liberahed during the lapse of perhapsseveral years. In order bo arrive more truly at the " minimum ofavailable potash," the author uses the foliowing process :-The sample is incinerated at a low red heat. This is bestdone as Schloesing recommends, by placing it in a boat heated ina combustion-tube, and passing a current of carbonic anhydrideuntil tarry vapours disappear, then gradually replacing the carbonicanhydride by oxygen, u&il a carrent of pure oxygen traversesthe f,ube.If the incineration is properly conducted, the ptashoriginally solnble in water, remains so, and that combined withorganic mahter becomes soluble on the destruction of the latter.After the iccineration, boiling water is used to extract the potash.From the examination of eight soils cited by the author, it appearsthat the potash obtained in this way is from 0.07 to 0-45 per cent.lessthan that extracted when strong acids are used.When acids are to be employed for the purpose of obtaining resnltscomparable with those obtained by the ordinary process, the authorrecommends t,he fallowing mode of procedure, which shortens thetime necessary by ane half, without any sacrifice of accuracy :-To ascertain t h e volume occupied b y the sample, place the 25 or50 grams of soil in a flask marked at 50 c.c., and measure, by meansof a burette, the volume of water necessary to fill the flask to themark. Transfer the water and soil to a basin, add nitric acid graduallyuntil effervescence ceases, and evaporate to dryness on a sand-bath,cont,inuing the heat until nitrous fumes cease. The heat should notexceed a dull red.Stir the residue with boiling water for 15 minutes,then add ammonium carbonate solution until the liquid just smells ofammonia. Infroduce the contents of She capsule into P litre flask,make up to the mark wifh water, and shake at intervals for twohours. Throw the whole 0n a plaited filter, collect 900 C.C. of thefiltrate, evaporate to dryness, ignite gently, digest with 50 C.C. dilutehydrochloric acid, concentrate to 20 c.c., and add platinum tetra-chloride. The potassium platinochloride thus obtained is very pure.The volume occupied by the insoluble residue is taken to be the sameas that of the original sample of soil.Even if this volume werealtogether neglected, and the flask assumed t o contain 1000 G.C. ofwater, the authors shew thak, in assaying 25 grams of soil containing0.400 per cent. of potash, the error would be only 0.0048 per cent. inexcess. J. M. H. 31.Estimation of Small Quantities of Sodium Chloride inCrude Potassium Chloride. By F. ROTTGER a d IR. PRECHT(Ber., 18, 2076--'t078).-The estimation of very small quantities ofsodium chloride in presence of potassium chloride is very difficult.The authors find that good results are obtained by treating the driedchlorides with alcohol of 90 per cent. (by weight). The extract con-tains all the sodium chloride with a small quantity of potassiu12rii. ABSTRACTS OF OHKc,lllICAL PAPERS.chloride, and separation can be effected by evaporating to dryness,weighing the mixed chlorides so obtained, and then estimating thepotassium as platinochloride in the usual manner.100 parts of90 per cent. alcohol at 15" dissolve 0.345 part of sodium chlorideand 0.073 part of potassium chloride. Any magnesium chloridepresent is separated by adding potassium carb6nate to the alcoholicsolution. A. J. G.Detection of Irm, Alriminiurn, Chromium, Manganese,Cobalt, Nickel, Calcium, and Magnesium (as Phosphate) inthe Precipitate Produced by Ammonia. By C. L. BLOXAM (Chem.News, 53,109-110).-The author proposes a method for the detec-tion of Fe, 81, Cr, Mn, Go, Ni, Ca, &c., in the precipitate produced byammonium chloride and ammonia, after oxidation, in the filtrate fromthe separation of the hydrogen snlphide gronp of the ordinary quali-tative course.The precipitate is dissolved in hot dilute hydrochloricacid, and this solution is boiled with excess of potash ; the filtrate con-tains any aluminium phosphate and phosphoric acid. The precipitateis redissolved in hydrochloric acid, and the solution treated sgccessively,first with ammonium acetate, which precipitates iron and chromiumphosphates, then with sodium phosphate, and is boiled ; the precipi-tate contains a phosphate, the non-phosphakic iron and chromiumof the original precipitate. The filtrate is then treaked with excess ofammonia, the calcium, barium, strontium, and magnesium (originaJlypresent as phosphate), probably manganese or cobalt, or both, are pre;cipitated, whilst nickel and some cobalt remain in solution.Themethod bas been found to work well. When a solution containingiron, nickel, and cobalt is precipitated with ammonium chloride andammonia, more cobalt than nickel comes down with the iron, and infact, cobalt can be roughly separated from nickel by this means.When iroii and chromium are to be separated by oxidation withbromine, the chromium phosphate must be previously decomposedwith sodium carbonate. Large quantities of chromium may beseparated from iron by boiling the mixture with potash and potnssiumferricyanide ; potassium chromate is formed.Estimation of Manganese. (Dingl.pol@ J., 25 7, 199-205.)TVolil's volumetric method of estimating manganese in iron and itsores necessitates the presence of the manganese in the form of proto-salt,and the iron in the form of chloride. The ferric oxide is precipitatedwith zinc oxide, and the manganese titrated with potassium perman-ganate in presence of the iron precipitate.According to Reinhardt, the gravimetric estimation of manganeseby precipitation with bromine gives satisfactory results. The methodmay be shortened by dissolving the iron ore in hydrochloric scid ofsp. gr. 1-19, oxidising with nitric acid or potassium chlorate, filteringinto a litre flask, neutralising the filtrate s i t h ammonium carbonate,precipitating with ammonium acetat.e (faintly acid) at a boiling heat,cooling and making up with water to 1 litre.The mangauese in300-500 C.C. of the filtrate is then precipitated.Yor the determination of manganese, Juptner adopts the followingD. A. LANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. 1263method :-The hydrochloric acid Rolntion of the substance to be esti-mated-in which any ferrous salt must be previously oxidised withpotassium chlorate-is neutralised with sodium carbonate in agraduated measure, treated with ammonium chloride, precipitated int.he cold with harinm carbonate, and, after adding an excess of am-monia, digested for some time with agitation. 1.t is then filled to themark, well mixed and filtered. A certain measure of this filtrate istreated with snlphuric acid, filtered, neutralised with ammonia, heatedto boiling, and precipitated with ammonium sulphide.It is thenfiltered, and washed with water saturated with ammonium sulphide.If the precipitate is small, it may be treated directly with boilingacetic acid. With larger quantities, the precipitate is washed withacetic acid throuqh the filter into a beaker. The solution is filteredinto a tared platinum basin, evaporated to dryness, ignited andweigbed as Mn304.According to Meinecke the action of potassium permanganate 011 amanganous salt is expressed by the equation-20Mn$04 + 12KMnO4 + 27H20 = (30MnO2 + 2MnO + I 3H20)whilst in the presence of a zinc salt the following reaction occurs :-6MnS04 + 4KMn04 + 2ZnS04 + 13H20 =(10Mn02 + 2Zn0+ 6K2S04 + 14H801,3. 7HZO) + 2KZSO4 + 6H2S04.According to Volhmd, the presence of chlorides interferes with thesuccess of his method ; Meinecke, however, finds that the resnlts arenot so wanting in accuracy as to warrant the evaporation with snl-phuric acid recommended by Volhard.In order t o obtain an oxidefree from protoxide, a large excess of zinc is required. Meinecke addsfrom 25 to 30 grams of zinc sulpbate to the solution to be titrated. Healso recommends the nse of an excess of potassium permanganate toensure the complete oxidation of the manganese. The excess is thentitrated back with antimony trichloride.Separation of Titanium .from Aluminium and Iron. By3’. A. GOOCH (Chem. News, 58, 55-57, and 68--7O).-By numerousexperiments, the author shows that in the presence of free acetic orformic acid, titanium is precipitated from its solutions by alkalinephosphates, ammonia, &c., whilst aluminium is not; and as thepresent methods of separating titanium from alumininm are all ofthem unsatisfactory, the author proposes and describes methodsfounded on the above reactions.In one method, the solution is mixedwith sodium ammonium hydrogen phosphate, formic acid, and ammo-nium formnte; in the other method, the solution is treated withacetic acid and sodium acetate, and is then boiled. The precipitatesin both cases go through a series of washings, fusions, $c. ; the firstmethod is tedious, owing t o the inconvenient state of the precipitate,whilst in the second method the numerous simple operations have tobe repeated four times before a good separation of the two metals iseffected.If iron is present it is removed beforehand by means ofhydrogen sulphide, in presence of ammonia and ammonium tartrate.D. B1266 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.The hydrogen sulphide is boiled off, and the tartaric acid oxidised bypermanganate, then the solution is ready for the above treatment. I ntreating silicates containing both titanium and phosphoric acid, theresidual insoluble silica should be treated with sulphuric and hydro-fluoric acids, to recover as insoluble titanic phosphate any titaniumdeposited with the silica.Decrease of Dissolved Oxygen in Deep-well Waters, and aSimple Method for taking Samples in Deep Borings. By B.LEPSIUS (Bey., 18, 2487--2490).-The rcseamhes of Finkener andothers have shown the desirability of water for domestic purposeshaving a high percentage of dissolved oxygen.The author has ex-amined samples of water obtained at various depths in the newborings in diluvial and tertiary sandstones af Frankfort. In threesamples taken at depths of 12, 13, and 25 metres, the percentages ofoxygen t o total dissolved gases were 24-06, 21.97, 12.90, respectively.An apparat,us is also described for baking samples from small borings,without the water coming into contact with the air or with surfacewaters. L, T. T.Biological Examination of Water. By C. J. H. WABDEN(Chenz. News, 52, 52-54, 66-68, 73-76, 89, and 101-104;).Valuation of Ozokerite. By B. LACH (Chem. Zeit., 1885, 905,and Dingl. poZyt. J., 257, 259).--100 grams of ozokerite are treatedwith 20 grams of fuming sulphuric acid in a tared basin.The mix-ture is heated at 170-180", and stirred until all sulphurous anhydridelins been expelled. On re-weighing the basin the difference gives theloss in volatile constituents. 10 grams of residues from the manufac-ture of potassium ferrocyanide, previously dried at 140°, are thenadded. A tenth part of the mixture is weighed into a tared filter,and extracted with benzene at 60-80" i n an extracting apparatus ;The loss represents the yield of wax.D. A. L.D. B.Titration of Phenol with Bromine, By C. WEINREB and S.BONDI (Monatsh. Chem., 6, 506--510).-Benedikt has pointed out( W i e r t . Akad. Ber., lS79), that when a solution of phenol is mixedwith an excess of bromine-water, tribromophenol bromide is formed,not tribromophenol, as stated by Landolt (Ber., 4, 770). In Koppe-schaar's method of estimating phenol (this Journal, 1877, i, 746) anexcess of bromine-water is added t o the solution of phenol ; potassiumiodide is added to the mixture, and the amount of iodine liberated isestimated by means of a standard solution of sodium thiosulphate.The tribromophenol bromide is decomposed by the potassium iodide,yielding potassium bromide, iodine, and tribromophenol-CsEI,Br3*OBr + 2KI = C,H,Br,*OK + KBr -j- 21.Better results are obtained if a mixture of sodium bromide andbromate is substitilted for bromine-water. Although this methodyields satisfactory results with pure phenol, it cannot be successfullyapplied to crude carbolic acid or tar oils, as it is exceedingly difficulTECHNICAL CHEMlST RS. 1267to completely extract the phenol from such oils by shaking with water.If the crude carbolic acid is itself subjected to the action of bromine-water, the bromine only acts on the sirface of the oil globules. w. c. w.Determination of the Strength of Vinegar and Acetic Acid.(Dingl. polyt. J., 257, 74).-For the rapid estimation of the acidityof vinegar and acetic acid, Hartmann and Hauer's volumetric methodis recommended. D. B.Action of Lime on Quinine. By A. R. HASLAM ( C h m . News, 52,97).-Experimental evidence is adduced to show that quinine is de-composed by heating with lime a t low temperatures. One gram ofquinine sulphate mixed with lime was found to lose 0.032 gram afterexposure to a temperatlure of 70" for four hours, whilst a t 100" themean loss in five experiments was 5 per cent. D. A. L.Modification of the Nitrometer for Use as a Ureemeter andother Purposes. By G. LUNGE (Be?.., 18, 2030-2032).-A modifi-cation of the author's nitrometer, in which by means of the three-waytap the measuring tube can be connected with a small flask in whichdecompositions such as that of urea by sodium hgpobromite, &c., areeffected, the volume of gas evolved being then read off in the usualway in the nitrometer. A. J. G

ISSN:0368-1769    

DOI:10.1039/CA8854801260

出版商:RSC    

年代:1885

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

TECHNICAL CHEMlST RS. T e c h n i c a 1' C h e m i s t r 3. 1267 Preparation of Carbons for Electric Lamps from Furfur- aldehyde OP Fucusaldehyde. By A. SMITH (Dingl. polyt. J., 257, 338).--For the production of carbon filaments for incandescent lamps, hydrogen chloride is passed through f urfuraldehyde or fucusaldehgde. A black liquid is obtained whkh is placed between glass plates. After 8-10 hours, a thin Iayer of carbon separates, the thickness of which may be regulated by inserting threads or mires of suitable size between the plates. The carbonaceous layer is removed from the plate, cut into strips of the requisite width, twisted and heated to I0.0". The filaments thus obtained are then heated to a high tempera- ture in closed crucibles or porcelain tubes, through which a current; of marsh-gas is passed.The electric resistance of the filaments may be changed by the addition of Zi per cent. of lamp black to the fur- furaldehyde or fucusaldehyde, before subjecting them to the above treatment. For the preparation of carbon rods for arc lamps, lamp-black or finely powdered carbon is mixed with from 60-70 per cent'. of fur- furaldehyde or f ucusaldehyde, and the mixture subjected to powerful pressure in suitable moulds. The rods thus formed are exposed to1268 ABSTHACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. the action of gaseous hydrogen chloride, after which they are heated strongly in closed crucibies covered with powdered carbon. D. B. Electric Accumulators. (DkgZ. polyt. J., 257, 329-335.) Filtration of Sewage through Peat. % A. MELLER (Bied. C‘entr., 1885, 5O9--511) .-Two forms of peat, litter and dust, have been employed; the latter is compact, and permits of only slow filtration, whereas the former must be kept sunk below the liquid.Chlorine, sulphuric, and silicic acids pass through unabsorbed, whilst the more valuable compounds, such as phosphates, are retained; ammonia is not oxidised, as is the case with asrated peat. The total amount of mineral matter i n the filtrate is not much lower than that in the sewage, whilst the total solids are increased by much organic matter. E. W. P. Manufacture of Chlorine from Calcium Chloride. (Dingl. polyi. J., 257, 259.)-An important feature in the prodnction of chlorine from calcium chloride by means of silica and alumina being the maintenance of the temperature required to effect the decom- position, Solvay and Company recommend the addition of broken porcelain or bricks, siliceous or calcareous substances to the charge, which falling down gradually heat the ascending current of air.D. B. Preparation of Ammonia from Ammonium Sulphate. By E. CAKEY and F. HURTER (DimgZ. polyt. J., 257, %3).-To obtain arnirionia from ammonium sulphate and simultaneously ntilise the sulphuric acid, the authors propose to mix it with 1 equivalent (or more) of sodium sulphate, and heat the mixture at 950-370” in the presence of aqueous vapour. (NH4)$304 + Na2S04 = ZNaHS04 + 2NH3. The hydrogen sodium sulphate is heated with salt to form hydrochloric acid and sodium sulphate, or it is treated for the production of anhydrous sulphuric acid.D. B. Preparation of Potassium Sulphate. By H. M~~LLER (Dingl. polyt. J., 257, 299).-By subjecting a mixture of equal parts of magnesium sulphate, potassium chloride, and ferric oxide to fusion, the author obtains potassium sulphate and a combination of magnesia with ferric oxide. The latter is sparingly soluble in water, and insoluble in a saturated solution of potassium sulphate. The following reaction occurs :-- I). B. New LLSulphate’’ Furnace. By T. LARKIN (Dingl. polyyt. J., 257, 161).-This furnace, worked by the St. Bede’s Chemical Com- pany, consists of an ordinary decomposing pan charged through the top, and a newly constructed mechanical roaster. The roaster is a muffle furnace having a flat inner arch, the intervening space being divided into transverse compartments. The furnace is heated by a double series of small fires, one series heatiag the bed and the otherTECHNICAL CHEMISTRY.1269 the arch. Each fire has its own flue leading into a main flue, from which the heat can be directed under the pan. The mechanical appliances for working the charge consist of a vertical shaft with horizontal arms fitted with scrapers. The agitator is worked from below, so that it is protected from the direct action of the fire, a special feature of the furnace. The application of a number of fires easily regulated is also an improvement of the greatest advantage ; iu fact, the whole furnace is heated evenly, and the temperature main- tained regularly, so that expansion and contraction of the brickwork cannot take place.To regulate the temperature with still greater ease each flue has a damper. The flues are so arranged that a slight draught to the chimney suffices. The draught in the interior of the muffle furnace is stronger than that in the flues, so that no gaseous hydrogen chloride can escape through leakage. The fact that all working doors are closed during the evolution of gas is important, inasmuch as the furnace can be worked with a stronger draught than in the case of ordinary furnaces. The condensation of the hydrochloric acid is perfect, acid of high concentration only being obtained. (DingE: pol@. J., 257, llO-l13.)-Mond and Jarmay have patented a. process for removing the ammonium salts present in the sodium bicarbonate obtained by the ammonia soda process.For this purpose the crude salt is dis- solved in warm water and the solution allowed to cool, when pure bicarbonate separates, and all the ammonia remains. in solution. The operation of cooling the solution may be effected in various ways, and the mother-liquor separated from the crystals by centrifugal machines. When the solution of the crude sodium bicarbonate is effected under pressure in an atmosphere of carbonic anhydride, a higher tempera- ture may be employed ; it is necessary, however, to cool the sohtioa clown to 65" before1 running it off. The mother-liquor may be used repeatedly for washing and dissolving fresh crude bicarbonate. For the purificabion of snlphuric acid, Thomson recommends the treatment of chamber acid with ammonium sulphide in order to prc- cipitate arsenic and antimony.The acid is then filtered through finely divided lead, and concentrated in the usual manner. Pechineg and Weldon hare found that iu preparing chlorine from magnesium oxychloride it is necessary to first heat the salt a t a com- paratively low temperature in order to expel part of the water, and then to heat the desiccated salt in a current of air or oxygen. About 60 per cent. of the chlorine of the oxychloride is thereby driven off as free chlorine, and the remainder as hydrochloric acid. By neutralising the acid with magnesia, converting the magnesium chloride into oxychloridc, and treating the latter as above described, all the chlorine is obtained' in a free state. D. €3. D. B. Improvements in the Soda Industry. Preparation of Strontium Carbonate.By E. A. MEBUS and J. W. DECASTRO (Dingl. polyt. J., 257, 198).--Finely pulverised stron- tium sulphate is digeded in a solution of ammonium carbonate. The decomposition is effected in apparatus fitted with agitating appliances. n. B. 4 2 POL. XLVIII.1270 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. Manufacture of Zinc Oxide. By I?. C. GLASER (Di+ polyt. J., 257, 113).--Zinc oxide ores or roasted zinc blendes are mixed with a binding medinm, and coke or other reducing agent, made into bricks and heated in a reverberatory furnace. The vapoiirs of zinc, on coming into contact with the atmosphere, are converted into zinc oxide, which is collected in condensing chambers. D. B. Behaviour of Basic Copper Carbonate with Nascent Hydro- gen. By C. HASSACK (Dingl.polyt. J., 257, 248--253).-1n a com- munication on the cleaning of monuments, Bauer observed that the changes giving rise to the formation of the black film with which most of our monuments are covered, are probably of a reducing character. This statement is confirmed by the invariable presence of organic matter in the black film, which in decomposing acts as a reducing agent. It was shown by experiment that copper carbonate and hydroxide exhibit characteristic changes when exposed to the influence of reducing agents. To study the action of reducing agents, plates consisting of malachite and mixtures of precipitated copper hydroxide and carbonate were employed. The following are the details and results of the experi- ments :- The author has investigated this subject experimentally.Malachite after exuosure to the action Original Malachite digested of nascent hydrogen. mdactchite. in soda ley. rL- I. 11. 111. I?? Cu.. ........ 56-78 65-84 74.43 74-73 0 .......... 14-47 16.15 16-40 17.51 HzO ........ 8.78 14.98 6.14 6-04 CO, ........ 18-52 1.58 1-28 1-02 CaO ........ 0.12 0.17 0.25 0.27 FeoOa + A1,0, . 0.28 0.28 0.30 0.32 Insoluble .... 0.38 0.35 0.36 0.39 To arrive at the probable constitution of the different substances, the calcium oxide is calculated as cavbonate, whilst the remainder of the carbonic anhydride, and the whole of the water, are calculated as being combined with copper (as CuCO, and Cu02H,). Hence the following numbers are obtained :- CuCO,. Cu02H,. CuO. Cu20. CaCO,. Fe,O, + Al20,. Insoluble. I.51.52 47.29 - - 0.21 0.28 0.33 11. 4.04 80.72 13.96 - 0.30 0.28 0.35 111. 3.02 33.11 39-66 22.25 0.44 0.30 0-36 IV. 1.49 32-55 31-73 13-05 0.48 0.32 0.39TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY. 1271 2 days. 66.51 14.52 @.88 15-95 c u .. .. .. 0 . . . . . . . CO?. . . . . H20.. . . . 3 dap. 4 days. ---- ---- 66.73 68-02 12.42 13.62 0.67 1.04 17'96 16-33 Original mixture of precipihted copper hydroxide and carbonate. Treated with soda ley 3 days. 62 *48 15 -74 0.89 19 *34 4 days. 63.41 15.98 0 -83 18 -81 -- Exposed to nascent hydrogen I I The results of these experiments seem to confirm this assumption as to the cause of the blackening.of the patina of bronze statues erected in large towns. It appears that the green film formed by the action of carbonic anhydride and water is first contaminated with particles of inorganic and organic matter, and that subsequently and in conse- quence of the putrefaction of the organic matter, reduction and decomposition occur, accompanied by similar appearances to those obtained in the above experiments.D. B. Aluminium Sulphite. By F. B~CKER,(Dingl.?o/yt. J., 25 7,300). -The author has used hydrogen aluminium sulphite for the purifica- tion of beet-juice at the Slibowitn Sugar Refinery. It is obtained by dissolving aluminium hydroxide in an excess of sulphurous acid. A solution of 1.167 sp. gr. contains 4.37 per cent. A1,0, and 13.90 per cent. SO,. To obtain a solution of the normal salt, A12(S03)z, an excess of aluminium hydroxide is employed. This solution is very unstable. D. €3. Producing a Coating of Ferrasoferric Oxide on Iron.By M. HONIOMANN (Uingl. polyt. .J., 257, 211).--The articles to be treated are digest'ed in a boiling solution of caustic soda or potash previously saturated with ferric oxide. D. B. Improvements in Metallurgy. (DLrigZ. poZyt. J., 257, 235- 247.)--According to the Socie'te' des AciByes de Loi~gwy the addition of niaugaiiese to iron ores is effected by employing coke prepared with this metal. For this purpose coal and maiiganese ores are ground together, and the mixture is then carbonised. A saving of one-half tbe quant,ity of manganese usually employed is said to be realised. To dephosphorise o r desulphurise pig-iron, Hoepfner uses a fiwnace with acid or basic lining, loosely packed with broken bricks, rich in limestone or chalk, and d x e d with ferric or manganic oxides.To utilise the heat of the flame of the Bessemer converter, it is proposed by Williamsou to combine the Bessemer and the heartb- smelting processes. For the production of malleable ingot iron and steel, Mathesius recommends the following process. The basic Bessemer piocess is conducted iu the ordinary manner until the commencement of the dephospliorisation, when tar, petroleum, or other reducing agents are1272 ABSTRAC rS OF CHEMICAL PXPELIS. introduced into the metallic bath in conjunction with the blast, tlie object being to complete the dephosphorisation in an atmosphere, which, owing to the high temperature and the strongly basic chn- racter of the slag, is said to act as an oxidiser of the phosphorus and a reducing agent ho the remaining metals.I n producing ingot iron by the hearth-smelting process, F. Siemens, of Dresden, recommends the retention of a certain portion of the fused metal in .tapping the charge and the rapid introduct'iori of a fresh quantity of pig iron. He claims to effect a saving in (1) loss of metal, (2) destruction of the furnace, (3) time and labour, and (4) heat. In order to dtilise coal-dust for gas regenerative furnaces, McFarlane has construct'ed the bed of the furnace of a refractory material with perforations through which a mixture of air and steam is passed. Atwood's process for refining iron involves the use of an amalgam of lead, Bramall has constructed a smelting furnace fitted with four regenerating ehambers for heating the air and gases before they enter the furnace. Whilst the gases pass through one pair of regenerators, the flue gases escape by way of the other series.The operation may be reversed by slter.ing the valves and dampers. 14s actisn is not, however, explained. D. B. Chromium Chlorate. By E. LAUBER and C. WEINREB (Dinyl. polyt. J., 257, 290).-In 1877 Storck and de Conink recommended the use of chromium chlorate in cobton printing, butl from a number of causes, especially the coat of praduction, the application of this compound has been limited. Storck produced his chlorate in the printing colour by mixing chrome-alum with barium chlorate, whereby a large proportion of the latter was consumed in converting the potas- sium sulphate of the chrome-durn into potassium chlorate-a reaction of no value as regards the conversion of chromium chlorate into chromic acid.Some time ago onc! of the authors succeeded in preparing chromium chlorate more cheaply on a large s3ale, by precipitating a. solution of 60 kilos. of chrome-alum in 80 litres of hot water, with 20 kilos. of ammonia soda dissolved in 60 litres of wahr, well washing the pre- cipitate, and dissolving it in 10 kilos. of cold sulphuric acid of 66" B. After filtration, the solution is treated with 22 kilos. potassium chlorate, dissolved in 50 litres of water. Potassium sulphate crystal- lises out, the mother-liquor containing chromium chlorate. The chlorxte thiis obtained is available for use in printing, and gives a good steam catechu or steam chrome-brown, but does not yield a good logwood black.It appears that oxidation alone is insufficient for the fixation of hsmatoxylin, and that the development of the black colour requires the presence of a metallic oxide. A number of receipts for printing with chromium acetate, as pre- pared by the authors, is given at the end of the paper. Preparation of Tungstic Acid. By A. I(. HUNTINGTON (Dingl. 1wZyt. J., 257, 340).-Wolfram, schellite, or othcr tungsten ores are D. B.TECHSICAL CIIEMISTHT. 1273 fused with carbonated or caustic alkalis and a flux (for instance, quartz). The alkaline tungstate is tapped off, or the slag may be removed, leaving the tungstate. Should the tnngstate contain im- purities, it may be refined by fusing it again with addition of sodium silicate, glass, or other substance that will take up the impurities and form a slag that can be separated from the tangstate.The tungstate thus obtained is ready for use, or it may be dissolved in water and crystallised, or treated for the production of tungsten oxide aud metallic ttungsten. D. B. Steeping of Barley. By C. BERNREUTHER (Bied. cent^., 1885, 363-364) .-Barley was steeped under pressure and compared with some steeped under ordinary conditions, .the time of steeping being however varied. I t 'appears that, the pressure exerts no influence in hastening the process, and moistenirg with water for various short periods, amounting in all to 24 hours, was as effective'as when the grain was immersed for 70 hours. E. W. P. The Sorghum Sugar Industry in the United States. By CAPUS (Ann. Agronom., 11, 308-326).--8 re'sunte' of two American reports, one by a Committee of the National Academy of Sciences (Washington), and the other by H.W. Wiley, Chemist to the Depdrt- ment of Agriculture, Washington. Messrs. Weber and Scovell give the detailed oomposition of the sorghum cane (var. Orange) as follows :-Water, 76.58 ; glucose, 3.00 ; cane-sugar, 9.77 ; starch, 4.12 ; cellulose, 4.54 ; oil, 0.07 ; gum and acids, 0.24 ; soluble albumino'ids, 0.23 ; insoluble albumino'ids, 0.16; soluble ash, 0.68; insoluble ash, 0.06; total, 99.45. The ash contains :-Silica, 27.91 ; ferric oxide, 0.14 ; P,Os, 5-37 ; MnO, 0.89 ; lime, 6.82; magnesia, 4.64; SO3, 6-23; potash, 46.48; soda, 0.98; sodium chloride, 0.42 ; total, 99.88. The seed contains :-Sugar, 0.56 ; starch, 63.09 ; cellulose, 6.35 ; water, 12.51 ; ash, 0.64 ; albumi- noi'ds, 7.35 ; oil, 3.08 ; tannin, 5.42 (?) ; total, 99.00.Amongst the acids found in the plant are malic and aconitic acids. 122 samples of 35 varieties of sorghum cultivated in the latitude of Washington, yielded the following mean results :- Juice ........................... 58.57 per cent. Density of juice ................. 1.0813 Cane-sugar .................... 16.18 tl Glucose ........................ 1.80 Soluble organic matters .......... 3.08 9 7 Available sugar, 16.18- (1.80 + 3.08) 11.30 7 9 7 9 The density of the juice varies from 1.040 t o 1.080, and each aug- mentation of 0.001 corresponds with increases of 0.238 per cent. of cane-sugar, 0428 per cent. of organic matter, 0.262 per cent.of available sugar; and to a diminution of 0.052 per cent. of glucose. 1. he cane-sugar of the sorghum undergoes very ready inrersion under certain circumstances, and this fact is a great difficulty of the indus- try as it stands at present. Should the plant be touched by frost before mnhration, then as soon as the thaw sets in inversion takes r i1274 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. place. Again, inversion begins to set in almost as soon as the cane9 me cut, and in the course of two or three weeks very little cane-sugar is left. Some experiments of Wiley's hold out the hope that it may be possible to preserve the canes in silos without loss of sugar. Only 60 per cent. of the.maximum quantity of juice is obtained by expres- sion in the mills. On an average of 40 samples, 87+ per cent.of the cane-sugar originally in the juice remains in the syrup after defecation and concentration. But few experiments have been made on the action of different manures, but such as are recorded appear to show that farmyard manure exercises an iiifluence which, if not actually injurious, is at any rate not beneficial. J. M. H. M. Manufacture of Cane-sugar from Starch, By L. AU~BERT and V. GIRAUD (DingZ.po7yt. J., 257, 298).-When starch is treated with water saccharose is formed according to the equation 2CsH,,05 + N,O = C12HZ2On. Glucose oornbines with starch, also producing saccharose, thus : C,H,,O, + G6HI2O6 = C12H2201,. To conduct these operations on a large scale 100 kilos. of potatoes are digested a t d00" in 1 cubic metre of watei- containing 5 kilos.of sulphuric acid. An electric current is -passed through the starch solu- tion, the electrodes consisting of antimonial lead. The end of the conversion is determined by a solution of iodine, which should give n o colour reaction. The current is then interrupted, and the solution treated with calcium carboriate and an excess .of calcium hydroxide, to decompose the dextrose and glucose which have escaped the action of the electric current. Before proceeding with the subsequent process of filtration and satumtion with carbonic anhydride, basic lead acetate should be added, in order to precipitate theoolouring matters. OIL evaporating the solution to a syrupy consistence, and allowing the mass to crj-stallise, a product is obtained giving by analysis- Water. Ash.Grape-sugar. Cane-sugar. 6.9.5 3-67 1100 88.38 per cent. Density = 1.502. Specific rotatory power = + 68*6O, D. B. Preparation of Tetrachlorophthalic Acid. (DiqgZ. polyt. J., 257, 3OQ.)-According to the Ges. fur chem. Ind. i~ Rasle, tetra- chlorophthalic anhydride is obtained by heating 5 kilos. of phthalic anhydride with 30 kilos. of antimolly pentachloride at 200" for some time, and subsequently passing a onrrent of chlorine through the fused mass. After 8 to 12 hours' action, nearly all the phithalic anhy- dride used is converted into tetrachlorophthalic anhldride, which is separated from the melt by distillation. D. B. Saponification of Fats by Electricity. By ROTONDI (DingZ. polyt. J., 257, 210).-The author finds that fats may be saponified hy means of sodium chloride, by passing an electric current through the solution, and using suitable diaphragms.The products obtained are soap, glycerol, and free chlorine. D. B.TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY. 1275 Treating Vegetable Tallow. By B. LACH (Chem. Zeit., 1835, 941, and Dhgl. polyt. J., 257, 120).-Although the vegetable tallow recently brought into commerce, and consisting of tripalmitin, may be readily saponified with lime under pressure, yet the product is wanting in appearance, and cannot be pressed. By mixing equal parts of bone-fat and vegetable tallow, a more satisfactory product is obtained. D. B. Cultivation of the Star Anise Tree and the Preparation of the Oil in Annam. (Pharm. J. Trans. [3], 16, 91-92,) New Coal Tar Colonring Matters. (Dighgl.polyt. J., 257,324- 329.)--kccording to Dahl and Go., the sepwation of P-naphthyl- aminemonosulphonic acid is effected i n the following manner :-The solution containing the calcium salt obtained from the mixture of the sparingly soluble monosulphonic acids of p-mphthylamine, is evapo- rated to a pasty consistence, and allowed to remain for two days. It is then filtered and pressed. The residue consists of the niixed calcium salts of the three p-naphthylarninemonosulphonic acids, the acid I predominatinq, whilst Bronner!s acid I1 is present in con- siderable quantity. The filtrate after a time yields crystals of the calcium salt of the acid 111. It is concentrated by evaporation, and filtered after cooling. From the mother-liquor, which contains p-naphthyiaminesulphonic acids and impurities, the former are extracted by treatment with hydrochloric acid.To prevent the formation of impurities,, it is proposed to conduct the operation in the following manner :-85 kilos. of P-naphthylaniine sulphate are gradually introduced into 270 kilos. of sulphuric acid, 66" B. a t 15- 2Go. The mixture is agitated for some time (48-70 hours). The snlphonic acid I11 thus formed is converted into the sodium salt, and the latter extracted by means of alcohol. The salt is obtained in a pure form, available for the production of colouring matters. According to the Farbznerke, vormls Mei-ster Lucizcs und Briining, the ethyl carboxylates of hydroxyquinaldines and hydroxyquinizines are obtained by the action of ethyl acetonedicarboxjlate on amines and hydrazines.On saponificatiori the free carboxylic acids ave produced. On heating, carbonic anhydride is evolved, and the acids are resolved into the hydroxyquinaldines and hydroxyquinizines obtained by Knorr by the action of ethyl acetoacetate on amines and hydrazines. For the production of alkylised pseudoquinols (quinoline-derivatives in which the nitrogen is combined with methyl or ethyl, and the cnrboxyl-groups occupy the para-position to the nitrogen), the $'arbweyku, vormals M e i s t e r Lucius uncl Briining have patented a process depending on the action of ethyl acetoacetate and its substi- tution products on secondary aromatic amines. According to Ewer and Pick colouring matters varying from yellow t o brown are obtained by acting with carbamides on aromatic amines and tetra,- alkylised derivatives OF diamidobenzophenone.By fusing carbnmide with dime thylaniline hydrochloride and anhydrous zinc chloride, a, yellow dye is produced. Similar colours may be obtained by tho action of cyanic acid, carbamide and their derivaiives on aromatic1276 ABSTRACTS OF CHEJIICAL PAPERS. amines in the presence of condensing agents. For instance, from diphenylcarbamide and ammonium chloride, from carbamide and aailine hydrochloride, from carbanilamide or monophenylcarbamide and aniline hydrochloride, and from carbaiiil and aniline hydrochlo- ride. D. B. Formation of Aniline Black. By I(. Z~~RCHER (Dingl. polyt. ,J., 257, 162).-From the author's observations, it appears that the slow development of aniline black on the fabric from the usual printing colonrs at temperatures varying between - 13" and + 13" is favoured by certain conditions of humidity and of motion of the surrounding atmosphere.At 25' the development of aniline black is perfectly normal. D. B. Use of Antimony Oxdate in Printing. By E. JACQUET (Dingl. p l y t . J., 257,168) .-Instead of fixing aniline colours mordanted with tannin in a bath of tartar emetic, the author recommends the addition of a mixture of basic antimony oxalate and ammonium oxalate to the printing colonr. The basic salt is obtained bp precipitating potassio- antimonic oxalate with ammonia, and is added in the form of paste, together with twice the weight of ammonium oxalate to the printing colour. The goods arc then steamed and cleared with the addition of chalk to the, bahh, in order to neutral'ise the excess of oxalic acid.D. B. Fixation of Alumina as a Discharge on Indigo Blue, Rg *4. SCHEURER (Dingl. polyt. J., 257, 113).-Some time ago the author showed that certain metallic chlorides and sulphates, when steamed in the presence of potassium dichrornate, discbarge indigo blue. A mixture of potassium dichromate and aluminium chloride destroys vat blue afler steaming for one minute. The printing colour consists of 790 parts of starch thickening, 60 parts of potassium dicbromate, and 150 parts of aluminium chloride of 34" B. The process is trust- worthy, and requires no special precautions. The fabric after passing through the Mather and Platt's steaming machine should have a lemon colour on the printed partas.The products of the reaction are aluminium and chromium chromates, and chromium and aluminium oxides. After steaming, tho goods are rinsed, dyed with alizarin, and soaped. The reds obtained in this manner were found to be Jacking i n brightness, and exhibited a greyish-violet tinge due t o the simul- taneous fixation of chromium oxide on the fibre. The author is of opinion that a probable explanation of t h e inferiority of the red, is the retention of chromium oxide in com- bination with a product of decomposition of the indigo, better results being obtained by substituting aluminium oxalate for the chloride. I n this case, oxalic acid must be added. By comparing the reds pro- duced on an original and a disc1 nrged white, each treated with potas- sium dicliromate, aluminium oxtlate and oxalic acid, the shades on the former were found to be considerably brighter.These results appear to confirm the above assumption. D. B.TECHNICAL CHEMlST RS.T e c h n i c a 1' C h e m i s t r 3.1267Preparation of Carbons for Electric Lamps from Furfur-aldehyde OP Fucusaldehyde. By A. SMITH (Dingl. polyt. J., 257,338).--For the production of carbon filaments for incandescent lamps,hydrogen chloride is passed through f urfuraldehyde or fucusaldehgde.A black liquid is obtained whkh is placed between glass plates.After 8-10 hours, a thin Iayer of carbon separates, the thickness ofwhich may be regulated by inserting threads or mires of suitable sizebetween the plates. The carbonaceous layer is removed from theplate, cut into strips of the requisite width, twisted and heated toI0.0". The filaments thus obtained are then heated to a high tempera-ture in closed crucibles or porcelain tubes, through which a current;of marsh-gas is passed. The electric resistance of the filaments maybe changed by the addition of Zi per cent.of lamp black to the fur-furaldehyde or fucusaldehyde, before subjecting them to the abovetreatment.For the preparation of carbon rods for arc lamps, lamp-black orfinely powdered carbon is mixed with from 60-70 per cent'. of fur-furaldehyde or f ucusaldehyde, and the mixture subjected to powerfulpressure in suitable moulds. The rods thus formed are exposed t1268 ABSTHACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.the action of gaseous hydrogen chloride, after which they are heatedstrongly in closed crucibies covered with powdered carbon.D.B.Electric Accumulators. (DkgZ. polyt. J., 257, 329-335.)Filtration of Sewage through Peat. % A. MELLER (Bied.C‘entr., 1885, 5O9--511) .-Two forms of peat, litter and dust, havebeen employed; the latter is compact, and permits of only slowfiltration, whereas the former must be kept sunk below the liquid.Chlorine, sulphuric, and silicic acids pass through unabsorbed, whilstthe more valuable compounds, such as phosphates, are retained;ammonia is not oxidised, as is the case with asrated peat. The totalamount of mineral matter i n the filtrate is not much lower than thatin the sewage, whilst the total solids are increased by much organicmatter.E. W. P.Manufacture of Chlorine from Calcium Chloride. (Dingl.polyi. J., 257, 259.)-An important feature in the prodnction ofchlorine from calcium chloride by means of silica and alumina beingthe maintenance of the temperature required to effect the decom-position, Solvay and Company recommend the addition of brokenporcelain or bricks, siliceous or calcareous substances to the charge,which falling down gradually heat the ascending current of air.D. B.Preparation of Ammonia from Ammonium Sulphate. ByE. CAKEY and F. HURTER (DimgZ. polyt. J., 257, %3).-To obtainarnirionia from ammonium sulphate and simultaneously ntilise thesulphuric acid, the authors propose to mix it with 1 equivalent (ormore) of sodium sulphate, and heat the mixture at 950-370” in thepresence of aqueous vapour.(NH4)$304 + Na2S04 = ZNaHS04 + 2NH3.The hydrogen sodium sulphate is heated with salt to form hydrochloricacid and sodium sulphate, or it is treated for the production ofanhydrous sulphuric acid.D. B.Preparation of Potassium Sulphate. By H. M~~LLER (Dingl.polyt. J., 257, 299).-By subjecting a mixture of equal parts ofmagnesium sulphate, potassium chloride, and ferric oxide to fusion,the author obtains potassium sulphate and a combination of magnesiawith ferric oxide. The latter is sparingly soluble in water, andinsoluble in a saturated solution of potassium sulphate.The following reaction occurs :--I). B.New LLSulphate’’ Furnace. By T. LARKIN (Dingl. polyyt. J.,257, 161).-This furnace, worked by the St.Bede’s Chemical Com-pany, consists of an ordinary decomposing pan charged through thetop, and a newly constructed mechanical roaster. The roaster is amuffle furnace having a flat inner arch, the intervening space beingdivided into transverse compartments. The furnace is heated by adouble series of small fires, one series heatiag the bed and the otheTECHNICAL CHEMISTRY. 1269the arch. Each fire has its own flue leading into a main flue, fromwhich the heat can be directed under the pan. The mechanicalappliances for working the charge consist of a vertical shaft withhorizontal arms fitted with scrapers. The agitator is worked frombelow, so that it is protected from the direct action of the fire, aspecial feature of the furnace. The application of a number of fireseasily regulated is also an improvement of the greatest advantage ; iufact, the whole furnace is heated evenly, and the temperature main-tained regularly, so that expansion and contraction of the brickworkcannot take place.To regulate the temperature with still greaterease each flue has a damper. The flues are so arranged that a slightdraught to the chimney suffices. The draught in the interior of themuffle furnace is stronger than that in the flues, so that no gaseoushydrogen chloride can escape through leakage. The fact that allworking doors are closed during the evolution of gas is important,inasmuch as the furnace can be worked with a stronger draught thanin the case of ordinary furnaces. The condensation of the hydrochloricacid is perfect, acid of high concentration only being obtained.(DingE: pol@.J., 257,llO-l13.)-Mond and Jarmay have patented a. process for removingthe ammonium salts present in the sodium bicarbonate obtained bythe ammonia soda process. For this purpose the crude salt is dis-solved in warm water and the solution allowed to cool, when purebicarbonate separates, and all the ammonia remains. in solution. Theoperation of cooling the solution may be effected in various ways, andthe mother-liquor separated from the crystals by centrifugal machines.When the solution of the crude sodium bicarbonate is effected underpressure in an atmosphere of carbonic anhydride, a higher tempera-ture may be employed ; it is necessary, however, to cool the sohtioaclown to 65" before1 running it off.The mother-liquor may be usedrepeatedly for washing and dissolving fresh crude bicarbonate.For the purificabion of snlphuric acid, Thomson recommends thetreatment of chamber acid with ammonium sulphide in order to prc-cipitate arsenic and antimony. The acid is then filtered throughfinely divided lead, and concentrated in the usual manner.Pechineg and Weldon hare found that iu preparing chlorine frommagnesium oxychloride it is necessary to first heat the salt a t a com-paratively low temperature in order to expel part of the water, andthen to heat the desiccated salt in a current of air or oxygen. About60 per cent. of the chlorine of the oxychloride is thereby driven off asfree chlorine, and the remainder as hydrochloric acid.By neutralisingthe acid with magnesia, converting the magnesium chloride intooxychloridc, and treating the latter as above described, all thechlorine is obtained' in a free state. D. €3.D. B.Improvements in the Soda Industry.Preparation of Strontium Carbonate. By E. A. MEBUS andJ. W. DECASTRO (Dingl. polyt. J., 257, 198).--Finely pulverised stron-tium sulphate is digeded in a solution of ammonium carbonate. Thedecomposition is effected in apparatus fitted with agitating appliances. n. B.4 2 POL. XLVIII1270 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.Manufacture of Zinc Oxide. By I?. C. GLASER (Di+ polyt. J.,257, 113).--Zinc oxide ores or roasted zinc blendes are mixed witha binding medinm, and coke or other reducing agent, made intobricks and heated in a reverberatory furnace.The vapoiirs of zinc,on coming into contact with the atmosphere, are converted into zincoxide, which is collected in condensing chambers. D. B.Behaviour of Basic Copper Carbonate with Nascent Hydro-gen. By C. HASSACK (Dingl. polyt. J., 257, 248--253).-1n a com-munication on the cleaning of monuments, Bauer observed that thechanges giving rise to the formation of the black film with whichmost of our monuments are covered, are probably of a reducingcharacter. This statement is confirmed by the invariable presence oforganic matter in the black film, which in decomposing acts as areducing agent. It was shown by experiment that copper carbonateand hydroxide exhibit characteristic changes when exposed to theinfluence of reducing agents.To studythe action of reducing agents, plates consisting of malachite andmixtures of precipitated copper hydroxide and carbonate wereemployed.The following are the details and results of the experi-ments :-The author has investigated this subject experimentally.Malachite afterexuosure to the actionOriginal Malachite digested of nascent hydrogen.mdactchite. in soda ley. rL- I. 11. 111. I??Cu.. ........ 56-78 65-84 74.43 74-730 .......... 14-47 16.15 16-40 17.51HzO ........ 8.78 14.98 6.14 6-04CO, ........ 18-52 1.58 1-28 1-02CaO ........ 0.12 0.17 0.25 0.27FeoOa + A1,0, . 0.28 0.28 0.30 0.32Insoluble .... 0.38 0.35 0.36 0.39To arrive at the probable constitution of the different substances,the calcium oxide is calculated as cavbonate, whilst the remainder ofthe carbonic anhydride, and the whole of the water, are calculated asbeing combined with copper (as CuCO, and Cu02H,).Hence thefollowing numbers are obtained :-CuCO,. Cu02H,. CuO. Cu20. CaCO,. Fe,O, + Al20,. Insoluble.I. 51.52 47.29 - - 0.21 0.28 0.3311. 4.04 80.72 13.96 - 0.30 0.28 0.35111. 3.02 33.11 39-66 22.25 0.44 0.30 0-36IV. 1.49 32-55 31-73 13-05 0.48 0.32 0.3TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY. 12712 days.66.5114.52@.8815-95c u .. .. ..0 . . . . . . .CO?. . . . .H20.. . . .3 dap. 4 days.---- ----66.73 68-0212.42 13.620.67 1.0417'96 16-33Original mixtureof precipihtedcopper hydroxideand carbonate.Treated with sodaley3 days.62 *4815 -740.8919 *344 days.63.4115.980 -8318 -81--Exposed to nascenthydrogenI IThe results of these experiments seem to confirm this assumption asto the cause of the blackening.of the patina of bronze statues erectedin large towns.It appears that the green film formed by the actionof carbonic anhydride and water is first contaminated with particlesof inorganic and organic matter, and that subsequently and in conse-quence of the putrefaction of the organic matter, reduction anddecomposition occur, accompanied by similar appearances to thoseobtained in the above experiments. D. B.Aluminium Sulphite. By F. B~CKER,(Dingl.?o/yt. J., 25 7,300).-The author has used hydrogen aluminium sulphite for the purifica-tion of beet-juice at the Slibowitn Sugar Refinery.It is obtained bydissolving aluminium hydroxide in an excess of sulphurous acid. Asolution of 1.167 sp. gr. contains 4.37 per cent. A1,0, and 13.90 percent. SO,. To obtain a solution of the normal salt, A12(S03)z, anexcess of aluminium hydroxide is employed. This solution is veryunstable. D. €3.Producing a Coating of Ferrasoferric Oxide on Iron. By M.HONIOMANN (Uingl. polyt. .J., 257, 211).--The articles to be treatedare digest'ed in a boiling solution of caustic soda or potash previouslysaturated with ferric oxide. D. B.Improvements in Metallurgy. (DLrigZ. poZyt. J., 257, 235-247.)--According to the Socie'te' des AciByes de Loi~gwy the addition ofniaugaiiese to iron ores is effected by employing coke prepared withthis metal.For this purpose coal and maiiganese ores are groundtogether, and the mixture is then carbonised. A saving of one-halftbe quant,ity of manganese usually employed is said to be realised.To dephosphorise o r desulphurise pig-iron, Hoepfner uses a fiwnacewith acid or basic lining, loosely packed with broken bricks, rich inlimestone or chalk, and d x e d with ferric or manganic oxides.To utilise the heat of the flame of the Bessemer converter, it isproposed by Williamsou to combine the Bessemer and the heartb-smelting processes.For the production of malleable ingot iron and steel, Mathesiusrecommends the following process. The basic Bessemer piocess isconducted iu the ordinary manner until the commencement of thedephospliorisation, when tar, petroleum, or other reducing agents ar1272 ABSTRAC rS OF CHEMICAL PXPELIS.introduced into the metallic bath in conjunction with the blast, tlieobject being to complete the dephosphorisation in an atmosphere,which, owing to the high temperature and the strongly basic chn-racter of the slag, is said to act as an oxidiser of the phosphorus anda reducing agent ho the remaining metals.I n producing ingot iron by the hearth-smelting process, F.Siemens,of Dresden, recommends the retention of a certain portion of the fusedmetal in .tapping the charge and the rapid introduct'iori of a freshquantity of pig iron. He claims to effect a saving in (1) loss ofmetal, (2) destruction of the furnace, (3) time and labour, and (4)heat.In order to dtilise coal-dust for gas regenerative furnaces,McFarlane has construct'ed the bed of the furnace of a refractorymaterial with perforations through which a mixture of air and steamis passed.Atwood's process for refining iron involves the use of an amalgamof lead,Bramall has constructed a smelting furnace fitted with fourregenerating ehambers for heating the air and gases before they enterthe furnace.Whilst the gases pass through one pair of regenerators,the flue gases escape by way of the other series. The operation maybe reversed by slter.ing the valves and dampers.14s actisn is not, however, explained.D. B.Chromium Chlorate. By E. LAUBER and C. WEINREB (Dinyl.polyt. J., 257, 290).-In 1877 Storck and de Conink recommendedthe use of chromium chlorate in cobton printing, butl from a numberof causes, especially the coat of praduction, the application of thiscompound has been limited.Storck produced his chlorate in theprinting colour by mixing chrome-alum with barium chlorate, wherebya large proportion of the latter was consumed in converting the potas-sium sulphate of the chrome-durn into potassium chlorate-a reactionof no value as regards the conversion of chromium chlorate intochromic acid.Some time ago onc! of the authors succeeded in preparing chromiumchlorate more cheaply on a large s3ale, by precipitating a. solution of60 kilos. of chrome-alum in 80 litres of hot water, with 20 kilos. ofammonia soda dissolved in 60 litres of wahr, well washing the pre-cipitate, and dissolving it in 10 kilos.of cold sulphuric acid of 66" B.After filtration, the solution is treated with 22 kilos. potassiumchlorate, dissolved in 50 litres of water. Potassium sulphate crystal-lises out, the mother-liquor containing chromium chlorate. Thechlorxte thiis obtained is available for use in printing, and gives agood steam catechu or steam chrome-brown, but does not yield a goodlogwood black. It appears that oxidation alone is insufficient for thefixation of hsmatoxylin, and that the development of the black colourrequires the presence of a metallic oxide.A number of receipts for printing with chromium acetate, as pre-pared by the authors, is given at the end of the paper.Preparation of Tungstic Acid.By A. I(. HUNTINGTON (Dingl.1wZyt. J., 257, 340).-Wolfram, schellite, or othcr tungsten ores areD. BTECHSICAL CIIEMISTHT. 1273fused with carbonated or caustic alkalis and a flux (for instance,quartz). The alkaline tungstate is tapped off, or the slag may beremoved, leaving the tungstate. Should the tnngstate contain im-purities, it may be refined by fusing it again with addition of sodiumsilicate, glass, or other substance that will take up the impurities andform a slag that can be separated from the tangstate.The tungstate thus obtained is ready for use, or it may be dissolvedin water and crystallised, or treated for the production of tungstenoxide aud metallic ttungsten. D. B.Steeping of Barley. By C. BERNREUTHER (Bied. cent^., 1885,363-364) .-Barley was steeped under pressure and compared withsome steeped under ordinary conditions, .the time of steeping beinghowever varied.I t 'appears that, the pressure exerts no influence inhastening the process, and moistenirg with water for various shortperiods, amounting in all to 24 hours, was as effective'as when thegrain was immersed for 70 hours. E. W. P.The Sorghum Sugar Industry in the United States. ByCAPUS (Ann. Agronom., 11, 308-326).--8 re'sunte' of two Americanreports, one by a Committee of the National Academy of Sciences(Washington), and the other by H. W. Wiley, Chemist to the Depdrt-ment of Agriculture, Washington.Messrs. Weber and Scovell give the detailed oomposition of thesorghum cane (var. Orange) as follows :-Water, 76.58 ; glucose,3.00 ; cane-sugar, 9.77 ; starch, 4.12 ; cellulose, 4.54 ; oil, 0.07 ; gumand acids, 0.24 ; soluble albumino'ids, 0.23 ; insoluble albumino'ids,0.16; soluble ash, 0.68; insoluble ash, 0.06; total, 99.45.The ashcontains :-Silica, 27.91 ; ferric oxide, 0.14 ; P,Os, 5-37 ; MnO, 0.89 ;lime, 6.82; magnesia, 4.64; SO3, 6-23; potash, 46.48; soda, 0.98;sodium chloride, 0.42 ; total, 99.88. The seed contains :-Sugar,0.56 ; starch, 63.09 ; cellulose, 6.35 ; water, 12.51 ; ash, 0.64 ; albumi-noi'ds, 7.35 ; oil, 3.08 ; tannin, 5.42 (?) ; total, 99.00. Amongst theacids found in the plant are malic and aconitic acids.122 samples of 35 varieties of sorghum cultivated in the latitudeof Washington, yielded the following mean results :-Juice ...........................58.57 per cent.Density of juice ................. 1.0813Cane-sugar .................... 16.18 tlGlucose ........................ 1.80Soluble organic matters .......... 3.08 9 7Available sugar, 16.18- (1.80 + 3.08) 11.30 7 97 9The density of the juice varies from 1.040 t o 1.080, and each aug-mentation of 0.001 corresponds with increases of 0.238 per cent. ofcane-sugar, 0428 per cent. of organic matter, 0.262 per cent. ofavailable sugar; and to a diminution of 0.052 per cent. of glucose.1. he cane-sugar of the sorghum undergoes very ready inrersion undercertain circumstances, and this fact is a great difficulty of the indus-try as it stands at present. Should the plant be touched by frostbefore mnhration, then as soon as the thaw sets in inversion takesr 1274 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.place.Again, inversion begins to set in almost as soon as the cane9me cut, and in the course of two or three weeks very little cane-sugaris left. Some experiments of Wiley's hold out the hope that it maybe possible to preserve the canes in silos without loss of sugar. Only60 per cent. of the.maximum quantity of juice is obtained by expres-sion in the mills. On an average of 40 samples, 87+ per cent. of thecane-sugar originally in the juice remains in the syrup after defecationand concentration. But few experiments have been made on theaction of different manures, but such as are recorded appear to showthat farmyard manure exercises an iiifluence which, if not actuallyinjurious, is at any rate not beneficial.J. M. H. M.Manufacture of Cane-sugar from Starch, By L. AU~BERT andV. GIRAUD (DingZ.po7yt. J., 257, 298).-When starch is treated withwater saccharose is formed according to the equation 2CsH,,05 +N,O = C12HZ2On. Glucose oornbines with starch, also producingsaccharose, thus : C,H,,O, + G6HI2O6 = C12H2201,.To conduct these operations on a large scale 100 kilos. of potatoesare digested a t d00" in 1 cubic metre of watei- containing 5 kilos. ofsulphuric acid. An electric current is -passed through the starch solu-tion, the electrodes consisting of antimonial lead. The end of theconversion is determined by a solution of iodine, which should given o colour reaction. The current is then interrupted, and the solutiontreated with calcium carboriate and an excess .of calcium hydroxide,to decompose the dextrose and glucose which have escaped the actionof the electric current.Before proceeding with the subsequent processof filtration and satumtion with carbonic anhydride, basic lead acetateshould be added, in order to precipitate theoolouring matters. OILevaporating the solution to a syrupy consistence, and allowing themass to crj-stallise, a product is obtained giving by analysis-Water. Ash. Grape-sugar. Cane-sugar.6.9.5 3-67 1100 88.38 per cent.Density = 1.502. Specific rotatory power = + 68*6O, D. B.Preparation of Tetrachlorophthalic Acid. (DiqgZ. polyt. J.,257, 3OQ.)-According to the Ges. fur chem. Ind. i~ Rasle, tetra-chlorophthalic anhydride is obtained by heating 5 kilos.of phthalicanhydride with 30 kilos. of antimolly pentachloride at 200" for sometime, and subsequently passing a onrrent of chlorine through thefused mass. After 8 to 12 hours' action, nearly all the phithalic anhy-dride used is converted into tetrachlorophthalic anhldride, which isseparated from the melt by distillation. D. B.Saponification of Fats by Electricity. By ROTONDI (DingZ.polyt. J., 257, 210).-The author finds that fats may be saponifiedhy means of sodium chloride, by passing an electric current throughthe solution, and using suitable diaphragms. The products obtainedare soap, glycerol, and free chlorine. D. BTECHNICAL CHEMISTRY. 1275Treating Vegetable Tallow. By B.LACH (Chem. Zeit., 1835,941, and Dhgl. polyt. J., 257, 120).-Although the vegetable tallowrecently brought into commerce, and consisting of tripalmitin, maybe readily saponified with lime under pressure, yet the product iswanting in appearance, and cannot be pressed. By mixing equalparts of bone-fat and vegetable tallow, a more satisfactory product isobtained. D. B.Cultivation of the Star Anise Tree and the Preparation ofthe Oil in Annam. (Pharm. J. Trans. [3], 16, 91-92,)New Coal Tar Colonring Matters. (Dighgl. polyt. J., 257,324-329.)--kccording to Dahl and Go., the sepwation of P-naphthyl-aminemonosulphonic acid is effected i n the following manner :-Thesolution containing the calcium salt obtained from the mixture of thesparingly soluble monosulphonic acids of p-mphthylamine, is evapo-rated to a pasty consistence, and allowed to remain for two days.It is then filtered and pressed.The residue consists of the niixedcalcium salts of the three p-naphthylarninemonosulphonic acids, theacid I predominatinq, whilst Bronner!s acid I1 is present in con-siderable quantity. The filtrate after a time yields crystals of thecalcium salt of the acid 111. It is concentrated by evaporation, andfiltered after cooling. From the mother-liquor, which containsp-naphthyiaminesulphonic acids and impurities, the former areextracted by treatment with hydrochloric acid. To prevent theformation of impurities,, it is proposed to conduct the operation inthe following manner :-85 kilos. of P-naphthylaniine sulphate aregradually introduced into 270 kilos.of sulphuric acid, 66" B. a t 15-2Go. The mixture is agitated for some time (48-70 hours). Thesnlphonic acid I11 thus formed is converted into the sodium salt, andthe latter extracted by means of alcohol. The salt is obtained in apure form, available for the production of colouring matters.According to the Farbznerke, vormls Mei-ster Lucizcs und Briining, theethyl carboxylates of hydroxyquinaldines and hydroxyquinizines areobtained by the action of ethyl acetonedicarboxjlate on amines andhydrazines. On saponificatiori the free carboxylic acids ave produced.On heating, carbonic anhydride is evolved, and the acids are resolvedinto the hydroxyquinaldines and hydroxyquinizines obtained by Knorrby the action of ethyl acetoacetate on amines and hydrazines.For the production of alkylised pseudoquinols (quinoline-derivativesin which the nitrogen is combined with methyl or ethyl, and thecnrboxyl-groups occupy the para-position to the nitrogen), the$'arbweyku, vormals M e i s t e r Lucius uncl Briining have patented aprocess depending on the action of ethyl acetoacetate and its substi-tution products on secondary aromatic amines.According to Ewerand Pick colouring matters varying from yellow t o brown areobtained by acting with carbamides on aromatic amines and tetra,-alkylised derivatives OF diamidobenzophenone. By fusing carbnmidewith dime thylaniline hydrochloride and anhydrous zinc chloride, a,yellow dye is produced. Similar colours may be obtained by thoaction of cyanic acid, carbamide and their derivaiives on aromati1276 ABSTRACTS OF CHEJIICAL PAPERS.amines in the presence of condensing agents.For instance, fromdiphenylcarbamide and ammonium chloride, from carbamide andaailine hydrochloride, from carbanilamide or monophenylcarbamideand aniline hydrochloride, and from carbaiiil and aniline hydrochlo-ride. D. B.Formation of Aniline Black. By I(. Z~~RCHER (Dingl. polyt. ,J.,257, 162).-From the author's observations, it appears that the slowdevelopment of aniline black on the fabric from the usual printingcolonrs at temperatures varying between - 13" and + 13" is favouredby certain conditions of humidity and of motion of the surroundingatmosphere. At 25' the development of aniline black is perfectlynormal. D. B.Use of Antimony Oxdate in Printing. By E. JACQUET (Dingl.p l y t . J., 257,168) .-Instead of fixing aniline colours mordanted withtannin in a bath of tartar emetic, the author recommends the additionof a mixture of basic antimony oxalate and ammonium oxalate to theprinting colonr. The basic salt is obtained bp precipitating potassio-antimonic oxalate with ammonia, and is added in the form of paste,together with twice the weight of ammonium oxalate to the printingcolour. The goods arc then steamed and cleared with the addition ofchalk to the, bahh, in order to neutral'ise the excess of oxalic acid.D. B.Fixation of Alumina as a Discharge on Indigo Blue, Rg *4.SCHEURER (Dingl. polyt. J., 257, 113).-Some time ago the authorshowed that certain metallic chlorides and sulphates, when steamed inthe presence of potassium dichrornate, discbarge indigo blue. Amixture of potassium dichromate and aluminium chloride destroysvat blue afler steaming for one minute. The printing colour consistsof 790 parts of starch thickening, 60 parts of potassium dicbromate,and 150 parts of aluminium chloride of 34" B. The process is trust-worthy, and requires no special precautions. The fabric after passingthrough the Mather and Platt's steaming machine should have alemon colour on the printed partas. The products of the reaction arealuminium and chromium chromates, and chromium and aluminiumoxides. After steaming, tho goods are rinsed, dyed with alizarin, andsoaped. The reds obtained in this manner were found to be Jackingi n brightness, and exhibited a greyish-violet tinge due t o the simul-taneous fixation of chromium oxide on the fibre.The author is of opinion that a probable explanation of t h einferiority of the red, is the retention of chromium oxide in com-bination with a product of decomposition of the indigo, better resultsbeing obtained by substituting aluminium oxalate for the chloride.I n this case, oxalic acid must be added. By comparing the reds pro-duced on an original and a disc1 nrged white, each treated with potas-sium dicliromate, aluminium oxtlate and oxalic acid, the shades on theformer were found to be considerably brighter. These results appearto confirm the above assumption. D. B

ISSN:0368-1769    

DOI:10.1039/CA8854801267

出版商:RSC    

年代:1885

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

INDEX OF AUTHORS’ NAMES.A B S T R A C T S . 1885.And also to Transactions, 1885 (marked TRANS.) ; and to such papersas appeared in Abstract of Proceedings but not in Transactions(marked PROC.).A.Abney, W.deW., andR.Festing,ab-sorption spectra thermograms, 1175. -- relation between energy andradiation in the spectrum of incan-descence lamps, 325.Albertoni, K., action and metamor-phoses of Bome Substances in theorganism in relation t o diabetes, 683.b l b i t z k y , A., p-dipropylzcrylic wid,242. - refractive power of the hgdro-carbon C12H20, 211.A i t k e n , A. P., report on ensilage andmanuring beans and barley, 1255.Alekhine, A., anhydrides of mannitol,744.Alexheff, P., action of light nitro-cumic acid, 794. - derivatives of azocumic acid, 390.AlexBeff, W., reciprocal solution of- stability of compounds, 114.Allen, A.H., estimation of ethyl ni-trite in spirit of nitrous ether, &c.,1013.Allen, A. W. See Norton.Allen, W., and A. Kolliker, deriva-tives of triphenylcarbinyl bromide, 655.Allihn, F., apparatus for filtering in avacuum, 631.Amagat, E. H., correctionof the resultsgiven in a paper on compressed gasmanometers, 341. - density and atomic volumes ofoxygen and hFdrogen, 631.Am t 11 or, C., caramel, 604. - niiclein of grape stones, 823.Ancel. See Bauer.A n d e e r, J., phlorglucinol as an anti-liquids, 340.septic, 454.VOL. PLVLII.And6s, L. E., preparation of woodstains in the solid form, ’711.Andouard, A., estimation of gumarabic in syrup, 299.Andouard, d., and V.DQzauna;r,mfiuence of exhausted beet root pulpon cow’s milk, 73.An d r ae, desiccation of seed potatoes,1155.And r 6 , G., ammonio-cupric sulphatealid a basic cupric sulphate, 8’73. - basic and ammoniacal nitrates,634.- ammonio-zinc sulphates, 485.Andre. See Berthelot.And r e ae, J. L., method for estimatingthe specific gravity of solid substancessoluble in water, 332. - specific gravity of saturated E O ~ U -tions of solid substances at varioustemperatures, 334.Andrews, T., electromotire force be-tween metals a t high temperatures,11’75.Anrep, B. v., physiological actiou ofptomai’nes, 682.Anschiitz, R., action of phosphoricchloride on salicylic acid, 1061. -- formation of the anhydrides ofmono- and di-basic acids, 243.- formation of meth.) 1 racemate frommethyl dextro- and lee-c.o-tartrates,966. - malic acids, 1049. - new method of preparing aromatichydrocarbons, 1064, and TRANS., 898. - pipitzahoic acid, 776. - racemic acid, and the calcium saltsof the four tartaric acids, 243. - replacement of two chlorine atomsin chlorides by means of anhydrousoxalic acid, 263.4 11278 INDEX OF QUTHORS.Anschutz, R., and C. H i n t z e , di-ammonium oxalate, 1049.Anschiitz, R., and H. Immendorff,action of aluminium chloride, 269. -- preparation of homologues ofbenzene by aid of aluminium chloride,769.Anschiitz, R., and A. Eeku16, usefulapparatus, 1035.Anschiitz, R., and F. Klingemann,preparabion of malic acid from citricacid, 1050.Anschiitz, R., and W.L e a t h e r , de-rivatives of pipitzahoic acid, 777.Anschiitz, R., and P. Meyer, amido-and hydroxy - phenanthraquinones,1067.Anschutz and E. Romig, action ofaluminium chloride on mixtures ofethylidine chloride with benzene,toluene, or’metaxylene, 768. -- nitration products of di-phenylethane, 800.Anschiitz, R., and &. W i r t z , decom-position of ayomatic salts of fumaricacid, 1064, and TRAYS., 899.A n t r i c k, O., benzylindole, 543. - compounds of diacetoiiamine withAntrick. See also E n o r r .A r c h b u t t , L., free acid in oils, 446.Arche, A., and C. Hassack, analpisof some Indian bronzes and theirpatina, 100.Aristoff, V., oxidation of acids of thelactic Reries, 752.Armstrong, El.E,, constitution ofthe fulminates, TRANS., 79.Armst,rong, H. E., and A. K. M i l l e r ,products of the manufacture of gasfrom petroleum, PROC., 77.Ariiaud, M., colouring ma%ter ofleaves, 670.A r n o l d , C., estimation of chlorides inurine, 835. - estimation of nitrogen, 837. - Kjeldahl’s method of nitrogenestimation, 930.Arons, L., heat of dilution and Rpeeificheat of saline solutions, 1101.A r t h , G., action of anhydrous am-moniacal ammonium nitrate on metals,1039.A r z r u n i , A., groddeckite, a new zeo-lite, 32. - minerals from a chromite deposib,31. - sulphur from Zielenzig, 27.A t a n a s e s c 0, analysie of artificialA t w a t e r , W. O., acquisition of atmo-aldehydes, 502.brochantite, 1117.spheric nitrogen by plants, 1005.A u b e r t , L., and V.G i r a r d , manufac-ture of cane-sugar from starch, 1274.Aubert, P. See LQpine.Aubin, E., estimation of phosphoricacid, 1093.Au bin. See also Nuntz.Au douar d, analysis of phosphaticmanures, 838.Audopnaud, A., and E. Zachare-wicz, farmyard manure, 834, 1260.d u s t e n , P. T., and F. A. W i l b e r ,purification of drinking water by alum,936.Auwera, K., pseudocumenol, 380.B.B aey er, A., polyacetylene compounds,759, 1198.Baginsky, A., occurrence of xanthine,guanine, and hypoxanthine, 286. - use of milk preserved by hightemperatures for children’s food, 679.B a k e r , H., orthovanadates of aodiuxu,&c., TBANS., 353.Baker, H. B., combustion in driedgases, TRANS., 349.Bakker, R.P., tengkawang fat orvegetable tallow, 710.B a1 b i a n o, L., derivatives of bromanisicacid, 530.Balmer, J. E., spectrum lines of hy-drogen, 1025.Barnberger, E., colour reactions oforthodiLetones, PO?. - mixed azo-compounds, 157.- retene, 549.Bamberger, E., and 5. C. Hooker,retene, 905. -- conatitubion of retene, 1070.Bamberger, E., and J. Kranzfeld,chrysene, 1069.Barbsglia; G. A., parabuninidine, afourth alkalo’id from Buxus semper-virelzs, 177.- thiovaleraldehyde, 136.Barbier, E., relation between theordinary thermometer and the weightthermometer, 111.Barbieri. See Sachs.B a r k e r , G-. F., and others, report onglucose, 206.Barnes, J., sepamtion of metals Dre-cipitated by hydrochloric acid, 59?.B a r r o i q chloritoyd from Morbihan,1118.B a r t h, M., abnormal fermentationunder unfavourable circumstances,942. - specific influence of acetic acid onthe fermentation of must, 942IXDEX OF AUTHORS.1279Ba.rth, J., and 1,. Schreder, suh-stances formed by the fusion of quinolwith soda, 520.Bartoli, A., capillary constants ofliquids and cohesion of solids, 866. - conductivity of cetyl alcohol, 855.- electrical conductivity of carbon- impermeability of glass togases, 869.- relation between fusing and boilingpoints, 859.B a r t o l i , A., and E. S t r a c c i a t i ,critical volumes of paraffins, 859,-- MendelCeff’s formula for theexpansion of liquids, 859.B a r z i l ov s k y, J., oxidation of aromaticdiamines, 525.B a t t u t , L., estimation of sugars andglucoses, 693.- sulphurous anhydride in sugarrefining, 709.B a u e r , H., boiling point anomalies ofthe chlorinated acetonitriles and theirderivatives, 1120.Bauer, M., 2.R r o u a r d , and J.A n c el, vegetable leather, 851.B a u e r, It., azobenzenethiosulphonicacid : azobenzenesulphonic acid, 1139.I) a u e r, R. W., sugar from Agar-Agar,500.B aum, J., simple method for preparinghippuric acid and allied compounds,981.compounds, 624.Baum. See also Schotten.Baumann, E., compounds of mercap-tans with aldehydes, ketones, andketonic acids, 748.- derivatives of pyruvic acid, 513.Baumann. See also Nolting.B a u m e r t , G., lupinidine from Lupinusluteus, 177.- behariour of lupinidine with ethyliodide, 676.Baumhauer, E.H. v., simple form ofthermo-regulator and registering ther-mometer, 471. -- the Ngawi meteorite, 1190.E a u m s t a r k , E”., new methodof proxi-mate resolution of the brain sub-stance, 918.B B cham p, A., optical inactivity ofcellulose, 500. - optical inactivity of celluIose andthe rotary power of pyroxylin, 237. - organisms which produce zymases,580. - origin of microzymee and vibrioles,417. - rotary power of solutions ofcellulose in Schweizer’s reagent, 369.Bkchamp, J., and A. Dujardin,thezymase of jequirity, 1086.Bechi, detection of cotton seed oil inBeckenkamp, J., the coe5cients ofBec ker, F., aluminium sulphate, 1271. - estimation of tannin, 934.B e c k u r t s , H‘, estimation of arsenic in- hydrochloric acid in Marsh’s appa-- preparation of hydrochloric acid- separation of alkaloids in, forensic- strychnine, 675.- strrchnine and brucine, 911.B e c k u i t s , H,, and R. Otto, action ofheat and water on the halogen sub-stituted acids of the C,H2,O2 series,506. - monohalogen-derivatives of aerylicacid, 509.Beckurts. See also Otto.Becqucrel, E., spectroscopic study ofcompounds rendered pliosphoresc~ntby the action of light on electricaldischarge, 109b.B e e t z, W. v., constant element forelectrical measurements, 2.BQhal, A., separation of copper andcadmium, 1012.Behrend, P., chasgee occwring inbarley during malting, 617.B e h r e n d, R., derivatives of carbamide,246.Behrmann, A., and A.W.Hofmann.amides of citric acid and their comer-sion into pyridene-derivatives, 138.Beilby, G., preparation of ammoniafrom nitrogenous minerals. 304.B e i l s t e i n , F., and E. IYiioganil,angelic and tiglic acids, 42. -- unsaturated compounds ofthe fatty series 740.Bell, L., absorption spectrum of nitro-gen peroxide, 949. - spectroscopic determination oflithium, 101 2.Bellamy, F., action3of some metala onmixtures of acetylene and air, 951.Belohoubek, A., colouring mattersfrom ebony wood, 396.BQmont. See Ekard.Benas, T., naw tin salts, ’727. - volumetrio estimation of tin, 839.B enckiser. See Nietzki.Bender, C., saline solutions, 12.Benedikt, R., and C. Hazura, morin,Benedikt, R., and P. J n l i u s , a n mB enedikt. See also Weselsky.olive oil, 301.elasticity of crystals, 729.judicial cases, 439.ratus, 440free from arsenic, 4M.analpis, 701.563.resorcinol blue, 386.4 r 1280 INDEX OF AUTHORS.Benoist.See Collin.B e r an, A., paramidoctylbenzene, par-amidocaprylbenzene, and amidoctyl-toluefie, 523.Berchem, Y. de, ditolyl phthalide,266.B e r e n d, L., dimethylquinoline, 274. - trimethylquinoline, 558.Berendes. See Fleischmann.B e r g e r , F., action of acetamide onphehyl-cyanamide, 38’7.Berglund, E., separation of chlorinearld bromine, 836. - separation of tiu, antimony, andarsenic, 839. - Vortmait‘s method far estimatingchlorine in the presence of bromine,836.B e r j u, G., derivatires of amidoazoben-zene, 660.B e r l i n e r b l a u , J., action of cyanogenchloride on ortho- and paramido-pheneto’il, 147.Bernheimer.See Nasini.B e r n r e u t h e r, C., steeping of barley,B e r n t h s e n , A., ammonium bases de-- methylene-blue and allidd dyes,B e r n t h s e n , A., and W. Bess, qui-B e r n t h s e n , A., and A. Semper,B e r n t h s e n . See also Hess.B e r t h e l o t , action of bromine on- chemical neutrality of salts, 4’72. - isomerism in the benzer‘e series,- principle of maximum work, 868..__ rate of propagation of detonationin solid and liquid explosives, 478. -- thermo-chemistry of phosphorustrifluoride, 528. - volatility of sulphur and mercury,953.B e r t h e l o t and Andr6, carbonates inliving plants, 1086. -- formation of nitrates inplants, 581.-- oxalic acid in plants, 1164.B e r t h e l o t and Vieille, heat bf com-bustion of charcoal and arganic .com-pounds, 326. -- specific heat of gaseous ele-ment a t high temperatures, 7. -- specific heat of steam andcarbonic anhydride a t high tempera-tures, 7.B c r t h e l o t and Werner, bromine sub-slitutions of polyhjdric phenols, 627.1273.rived from quinoline, 814.259.nolineaminonium bases, 558.juglone, 546.chlorides, 632.1177.B e r t h e l o t and Werner, heats o f for-mation and transformation of the by-droxybenzoic acids, 1103.7- beht of neutralisation ofhydroxybenzoic acids, 1032.-- isomerism in the benzeneseries : heat of neutralisation of poly-hydric-phenols, 628.B.ertoni, G., mineral water of Acqrra-rossa, 494.Beseler, O., and M.Miircker, culti-vation of varieties of oats, 1008.B eu t e 11, A., the potash soda felspars ofSiIesia, 31.Bevad, J., wte of formation of thecarbonates of the alkaline eart,hs inrelation to time, mass, &c., 480.B ev a d e, solubility of lithium carbo-nate, 634.B e y e r, C. , derivatives of mandelic acid,982. - 1-y-dimetlylquinoline, 1246.- homologue of quinoline, 672.Beyer and Kegel, preparation of di-nitrophenolsulphonic acid, 269.Be z o 1 d, W. v., cohesion figures, 335.B i e d e r t , F., albuminoids of humanmilk, 922.B i g n am i n i, estimation o€ sacchsrose,glutose, and lactose, 443.B i n d e r . See N o l t i n g .Bindewald. See Zincke.B i r n i e, 5..decomposition of ferrousoxalate, 752.Bischoff, C. A., and C. Rach, derira-tives of orthonitrobenzoic mid, 263. -- ethyl acetylenetetracarboxyl-ate, 244.-- symmetrical dimetbylsuccinicacid, 855.B i shop, W., analysis of honey, 444.B i s t ~ r z p c k i , A., and S. v. Kosta-n e cki, new isoneride of enxanthone,1077.B i z z a r r i, D., hydroxycournarin, 901.Bladin, J. A., action of cyanogen on- cyanogen compounds of the aro-- derivatives of dicyanphenylhydra-B l a i r , A. A, valuation of acetate ofB 1 a k e, F. H., vanadinite in Arizona,489.B 1 a k e, W. P., columbite in the Black- crystallised gold in prismatic forms,B l a n k . See K n o r r .B l a t t n e r , Q.. deromposition of ammo-nium sulphate by means of sodiumsulphate of, 613.aromatic diamines, 256.matic diamines, 784,zine, 980.lime, 1014.Hills of Dakota, 360.487ISDEX OF AUTHORS.1281B 1 e e k r o d el L., indices of refract ion ofliquefied gases, 467.B l o u n t , B., cause of the decrepita-tions in '' explosive pyrites," TRANS.,593.Bloxam, C. I,., detection of iron, alu-minium, &c., 1264.-estimation of manganese in cast-iron or spiegeleisen, 84. - some reactions of silver cyanide,133.Blumcke, A., determination of thespecific grarity of carbonic acid solu-tions, 215. - in0uence of conceiitration on thespecific heat. of aqueous and alcoholicsolutions of metallic chlorides, 8. - specific heat of aqueous alcohol,1031. - specific heat of concentrated sodasolutions, 1101.- specific heat of uranium, 625.Blumlein, F.O., action of bromaceto-- brorninated phthalic acids, 162.Bochefontaine and 0. d e Coninck,physiological action of 9-collidine-hexahydride, 681.phenone on arnides, 162.Bochefontaine. See also Ske.Bocklisch, O., ptoma'ines from fish,566, 1146.B o d e w ig, C., nephrite from Tasmania,733.Bodewig, C., and G. v. R a t h , cole-manite from California, 957.Bodewig. See also L a Coste.B o h m, L., and 0.8 c h w e n k, ptrefac-tion of albumin in the alimentarycanal of Herbivores, 284.B 6 h in, R., chemical and toxicologicalrelations of certain fungi, 1008.Boessneck, P., condensation of chloralhydrate with tertiary amines, 976.B 6 t t c h e r , W., migrations in benzeneort,ho-di-derivatives, 658.B o t t g er, silvering of glass, 847.B o t t i n g e r, C., condensation products- preparation of thiolactic acid, '752.- pyridinetricarboxglic acid, 1144.B o h 1 and, K., estimation of nitrogen inBohland. See also P f l u g e r .B oh 1 i g, E., action of silver nitral e onpure potassium monocarbonate, 1111. - solubility of glass, 688.B o i l l o t , A., heat of combination ofhydrogen and oxygen, 8.Boisbaudran, L. de, action of hydro-gen peroxide on cerium and thorium,635. - alloys of indium and g:bllium, 638.of pyruvic acid, 758.urine, 6p9.B o i s baud r a n, L. de, fluorescence ofrare earths, 1174. - new order of metallic spectra,949.- spectrum of ammonia, 1025. - spectrum of samarium, 621.l3ondi. See Weinreb.B o n g a r t z , J., volurrietric estimation ofphosphoric acid, 438.Bonnier, G., and L.Mangin, ex-change of gases between lichens andthe atmosphere, 580.Bonz, R., bromination of U- and p-$hio-phenic acids, 1206.-- derivatives of ethylthiophen, 766, - synthesis of thiophendicarboxy licacid, 1207.Booth, J. C., graphite crucibles, 616. - tougheiiirig gold, silver, &c., in thecrucible, 462.Boquillon, H., action of chlorine onisobutyl alcohol, 961.Borden. Set! Wood.Bosshard, E., Kjeldahl's method ofBosshard. See also SchulzeB 0 s t wic k, A. E., influence of light onthe electrical resivtance of metals,46'3.Bottomley, J. T., condensation ofgases on the surface of glass, 477.- Daniell's cell of small internd re-sistance, 469.Bouchardat, G.? glycol and glycol-monochlorhydrin, 498.Bouchardst, G., and J.L a f o n t ,essence of lemon, 1141,Bourgoin, E., solubility of mercuriciodide in water and alcohol, 350.B o u r q u e l o t , E., diastase, 927.- differences between pepsin and- fermentation of invert sugar, 1085.- selective fermentation, 1003.Bourquin. See Nencki.B o u r s i e r and St. AndrB, manulingpotatoes with potash salts, 833.B o u s s i 11 g a u 1 t, temperature of hail-stones, 685.Bouty. See C a i l l e t e t .B r a d b u r y , C. M., garnet (var. Spessn-rite), from Amelia Go., Virginia,227.B r a d f o r d , S. S,, basic lead acetate as atest for olive oil, 603.Brame, C., pseudoquadratic acta-hedrons of sulphur, 1182.Brass.Fee Wallach.Brasse, L., action of the dimtase of- presence of amglaPe in leaym,estimating nitrogen, 837.trypsin, 408.malt on crude starch, 499.1821232 INDEX OF AUTHORS.B r a u n , H., titration of carbamide withB r a u n e r , B., chemistry of the ceriteBredt, J., camphoronic acid, 395.Bremer, G. J. W., change of specificrotatorx power under the influence ofmrious solvents, 622.B r e u e r . See Zincke.Brieger, L., bacteria, 5'78. - basic products (ptoma'ines) fromhuman corpses, 278.Briem, H., absorption of water bybeetroots, 928.B r i t o , P. S., method of testing foriodine in presence of large quantitiesof bromine, 189.B r i x, R., exchange of chlorine, bromine,and iodine between organic and inor-ganic compounds, 34.B r o u a r d .See Bltuer.B r o u a r d e l , P., and P. Loye, poison-ing by hydrogen sulphide, 1151.Brown, H. T., and G. H. Morris,non-crystallisable products of theaction of diastase on starch, TRANS.,527.Brown, J., formation of R stalactite byTapour, 1034.Brown, W. G., a new hydrous man-ganese aluminium sulphete, from8evier Co., Tennessee, 226. - cassiterite from Irish Creek, Rock-bridge Co., Virginia, 488.Bruce, J. D., analysis of cassiteritefrom King Co., N. Carolina, 126. - marmalite from HimmelfahrtMine, Freiburg; 222. - silver hydroxide, 124.I3 rugelmann, G., on crystallisation,Brunig, A., yield of butter from freshB r u n , A., a crystal of stibnite fromB r u nn e r, H., azoresorcinol and azo-B r u n n e r , H., and E.Chnard,B r u n n e r , H., and W. Robert, colour-B r u n n e r . See also K r a f f t .B r u n t on, T. L., physiological actionof brucine and bromostrychnine,TRANS., 143.B u c h , K., conversion of phenols intoamines, 147.B u c h k a, K., action of sulphur chlorideon ethyl sodacetoacetate, 1200.f t u c h k a , K., and A. Erck, brazilin,907.Buchmann. See Maas.mercuric nitrate, 702.metals, TRANS., 8'79.114.and stale cream, 620.Japan, 221.resorZ;fin, 776./3-amidoalizarin, 806.irig matters from phenols, 525.Buchner, E., inhence of oxygen onfermentation, 1002.Buchner, E., and T. C u r t i u s , actionof ethyl diazoacetate on aromatichydrocarbons, 1207. -- synthesis of ketonic acidsfrom aldehydes and ethyl diazoacetate,1238.Buchner, G., detection of sugar inurine, M3.Bucheler.See H u f n e r .B u i sine, A., constituents of wool grease,Bulow. See Fischer.B u n g e, G., assimilation of iron, 574. - inorganic, constituents of musble,573.B u nge n er, H., degeneration of brewers'yeast, 417.Bunsen, R. W., capillary gas absorp-tion, 867.Burch, G. J., esperimenta on flame,466.B u r y , and 0. Provious, new proceaaof extraction of beet, 4 4 .Bus z, C., barytes from Mithlagger,'733.Butlerow, A., and B. Rizza, asarone,669.509.C.Cab e l 1, J. M., action of hydrogen sul-phide on metallic silver, 124. - crystalline pho!phorous anhydride,121. -- infusorial earth from Richmond,Virginia, 828.C ai 11 e t e t, L., liquefaction of oxygen,859.C a i l l e t e t and Bouty, electrical con-ductivity of solid mercury and othermetals, 855.Calm, A., a reaction of aldehydes,387.Calm.See also P h i l i p .Calmels, Gt., action of primary alco-holic iodides on silver fulminate,133.Calrnels, G., and E. Qossin, consti-tution of cocaine, 912.Camerer, W., estimation of nitrogenin the urine and faxes, 303. - metabolism of five children, M9.Campani, G., existence of manganesein plants, 832.Canzoneri, F., and V. Oliveri, mo-nobromo- and dibromo-pyromucioacid, 244,1126INDEX 08Canzoneri, F., and V. Oliveri,re-ciprocal transformation of the pgrol-line, furfuryl, and thiophene group-ings, 1144.Canzoneri, F., and G. Spica, actionof amides on ethyl acetoacetate,751.-- ethyl acetyl-/3-imidobutyrate,750. -- reactions of acetone withamides of the acetic series, 746. -- reduction of trincetonamine,883.Carboni, G., formation of starch invine leaves, 683.Carey, E., and F. H u r t e r , prepara-tion of ammonia from ammoniumaulphate, 1268.C a r h a r t , H. S., electromotive ,force ofa Daniell's cell, 321.Carles, I?., estimation of tannin, 302.- titration of potassium iodide,1011.Carnelley, T., the periodic law,344. - the periodic law and the occur-rence of the elements in nature, 13.Carnelley, T., and J. Schlersch-mann, influence of strain on ,chemi-cnl action, PBOC., 89.Carnelley, T., and A. Thom.son,bromo-derivatives of diphsnyl, tolyl-benzene, and ditolyl, TBAKS., 586.Carnot, A., the composition cf coal inrelation to the plants from which it isderived, 639.Carnot, A., and P.M. P r o r o m a n t ,estimation of cadmium, 1094.C a r p e n t e r , H. S., anJ W. 0. Nichol-B on, estimation of hydrogen peroxide,430.-- examination of water for or-ganisms, 442.C a r t e r , 0. C. S., delicate test for anti-mony, 1013.Casali, detection of chloral, 695.Casamajor, Y., silver iodide as a blow-pipe reagent, 1157. - the 4 method of-sugar analyk,693.Crtsthelaz, C., commercial phenols,447.C a t hrein, A., microscopic associlttionof magnetite with titanite and rutile,27.Cavazzi, A., action of hydrogen phm-phide on bismuth trichloride, 218. - action of phosphine on auric chlo-ride, 875. - bismuth antimoniate, 87.5.- dissolntion of aluminium in alka-line hydroxides, 1112.AUTHORS. 1283Cavazzi, A,, new compounds of bis-Cazeneuve, P., an isomeric chloro-- bromonitrocamphor, 270. - monochlorobromocamphor, 668.- preparation of nitrous oxide, 613. - trichlorocamphor, 58.Cazeneuve, P., and G. Linossier,action of pyrogallol on copper andiron salts, 1059.Cazeneuve, P., and J. More,l, crystal-lographic properties of camphor de-zivatives, 1141.C eo h, C. 0.: manufacture of santoninin Turkestan, 108.Cervello, V., Adonis cwpaaiana, 833.- phyniological action of trimethj 1-hydroxyethyl- and trimethylvinyl-ammonium hydroxide, 925.C e s aro, Gt., koninckite, 878.C hairy, action of vaaious compoundson bacteria af #the genus Tyrothrix,289.Chancel, G., characteristic reaction of-secondary alcohols, 646.- isomeric ketones, 505.Chancel, G., and F. P a r m e n t i e r ,chloraform hydrate, 363.-- solubility of carbon bisul-phide and chloroform in water, 630.Borne reactions of carbon bi-sulphide and its solubility in water,137.Chandelon, T., detection of strych-nine and other alkalo'ids, 605. - studies on peptonisation, 1252.Chaniewski, S., formation of fatfrom carbohydrates in the animalorganism, 280.Chappell, IJ. N., variety of chloropalfrom Albemarle, Virginia, 228.Chap p u i s.C h a r p e n t i e r , J., battery with EL circu-C h a r p e n t i e r . See also Clamond.Charpentier, P., valuation of manga-Chasanowitz, L., and C. B e l l , actionChastaing, action of chlorine and- alkyl derivatives of piloearpine,Chpl tard, T.M., estimation of alkalisCh&utard. See D e (3lermont.Chauveau, A., preventive inoculationChenhoukoff, M., separation of bu-muth, 653.bromocamphor, 806.plaster filters to steriliseliquids, 288.--See Vine en t.lating liquid, 714.nese peromide, 1162.of bromine on eugenol, 779.iodine on pilocsrpine, 1081.1250.in silimtee, 296.for splenic fever, 10%.tylenee, 4951284 INDEX OF 4UTHORY.Chechoukoff, M., action of chlorineon butylenes, 645.Chechoukoff. See also Lwoff.Cheesman, L. M., measurement ofrapidly alternating electric currents,4'71.Chemin, C. 0.) process for bleachingozokerite, 101.C h e r v e t, A., constants of capillarityof d i n e solutions, 1105.C h i c h k o f€, composition of albumi-noi'ds, 405.Chittenden, R.H., and Gt. W. Cum-mins, influence of bile, bile salts,and bile acids on amylolytic andproteolytic action, 999. -- relative digestibility of fishin gastric juiee, 569.C h i t t e n d e n , R.H.,and H. E. S m i t h ,palmitic acid and the palmitins,508.C h i t t e n d e n . See also Kuhne.Chlopinsky, detection of pierotoxi-nin in animal liquids and tissues,449.Christensen, 0. T., chromium andmanganese compounds analogous toferro- and ferri-cyanides, 737.Chuard. See B r u n n e r .Ciamician, G. L.,andM, D e n n s t e d t ,action of hydroxylamine on pyrroline,246..- - action of organic anhydrideson pyrroline, 378.Ciamician, G., and P.Magnaghi,action of aarbonyl ehloride on potas-sium pyrroline, 809. -- action of heat on eeetylpyrro-line and carbonylpyrroline, 1143. -- action of nascent hrdrogen onmethylpyrroline, 809. -- bases derived from pyrroline,1842.Ciamician, Gt., and P. Silber, acetyl-pyrroline, 808. -- - action of halogens on pyrro-line, 1077. -- action of nitric acid on pyrrylmethyl ketone, 810, 992.-- monobromopvridine, 811. I " - - pyrroline-a-carboxylic acid,246..__- pyrryl. methyl ketone sul--- pyrrylene dimethyl ketone,Cieslar, A., influence of light on theCimbal, 0.) and others, cultivationC k i an d i - B e 9, antiseptic properties ofphinic acid, 810.993.germination of seeds, 419.of potatoes, 587.carbon bisulphide, 97.Claassen, E., bittey principle of thecowberry, 1254.Clamond and J.C h a r p e n t i e r , newarrangement of the thermoelectric pile,8548.Clark, J. W., purification of mercurjby distillation in a vacuum, 350.Clarke, F. W., and T. M. C h a t a r d ,mineralogical notes, 491.C 1 a s s en, A., electrolytic estimutions,190, 597,1094.Classen, A., and R. Ludwig, quanti-tative analysis by electrolysis, 932.Claudon, E., employment of condensa-tion in fract,ionating apparatus, 331.C laus, A., dkgl quinoline-derivatives,814. - an allotropic modification of ama-rine, 1063. - quinoline, 908.Claus, A., and T. Cramer, nitro-and amido-derivativee of quinoline,908.Claus, A:, and I(. Elbs, alkylated di-phenylketones, 1065.Claus, A., and E. H i i t t e l i n , papa-verine, 996.Claus, A., and H.K a u t z , chloro-deri-vatives of ortho-xylene, 978.Claus, A,, and H. Kohlstock, ama-rine, 1132.Claus, A., and F. Mann, orthoethyl-toluene, 888.Claus, A., and T. Muchall, quinoline-carborylic acid, 560.Claus, A., and C. Ritzfeld, narceine,996.Claus, A., and P. S t e g e l i t z , a-di-quinoline from azobenzene, 173.Claus, A., and JJ. Tonn, cumenesnl-phonic acids, 903.Claus, A., and C. Witt, dinitro- anddiamido-amarine, 1062.Claus, A., and R. Wollner, methylparaxylyl ketone, 1136.Claus, C. F., manufacture of strontiumhydroxide, 937. - recovery of sulphur from hydrogensulphide, 304.Cleminshaw, E., lecture experimentson spectrum analysis, 1035.ClBve, P. T., action of hydrogenperoxide on the rare earths, 635.- diclymium-compounds, 1039. - samarium-compounds, 636.C 1 o e z, C., apparatus for preparinghydrogen, 631.Cohen, E., labradorite rock of thecoasts of Labrador, 644.Cohen. See Pechmann.Colin, value of disinfectants in chicken-cholera, 18QINDEX OF AUTHORS. 1285Collie, J. N., action of ammonia onethyl acetoacetate, 373.Collin, C., and L. Benoist, reducingvat for indigo, 1096.Colson, A., action of phosphoricchloride on ethers of the benzenegroup, 252. - heats- of formation of phthalates,1104. - saponification of halo‘id ether3 ofthe benzene series. by neutral sub-stances, 146. - xylenes, 654.Combemale. See Maipet.Comstock, W. J., and W. XGnigs,cinchona alkaloids, 910, 1248.C o 11 i n c k, 0.d e, brucine, 564. - decomposition of pyridine meth-iodides and ethiodides by t h s actionof alkalis, 2‘72. - homonicotic acid, 671. - a-picoline, y-lutidine, and pyridine,- pyridine-derivatives from brucine,- reactions of alkaloyds, 818.Coninck, de. See also Bochefon-Conrad, E. C. See G r i f f i t h s .Conrad, M., and N. G u t h z e i t , de-composition of sugar when heatedwith dilute acids, 745. -- halogen-derivatives oft ethyllevulinate, 42.Cook, E. H., detection and estimationof iodine, TRANS., 471.Coppole, F., ptomaynes, 278, 913.Corenwinder, B., growth of sugarbeet, 685.00 r n u, A., spontaneously reversiblelines in spectra, 853.Costobadie, Ha A., goods printedwithartificial indigo, 1023.Cotton, S., action of metals onchloral hydrate, 371.- action of oxidising agents onchloral hydrate, 1048.C o u n c 1 e r, C., and others, tannin-yield-ing substances and their applications,946.671.273.t a i n e .Cownley. See Paul.Crafts. See Friedel.Cramer. See Claus.Cripps,. R. A., and T. S. Dymond,detection of aloes in mixtures, 1015.Crook e s, W., mutual extinction of thespectra of yttrium and aamarium, 1025.Crova, A,, a diffusion photometer, 320.Crova and Garbe, charge anddischarge of secondary batteries, 1099.Cuboni, G.,forrnation of staroh in vineleave8, 1004.C u i s i n e r, L., manufacture of maltoseby D ubrunfaut’s method, 205-Cnmmins. See Chittenden.Curatolo, T., phenylcoumarinsul-phonic wids, 539.Curie. See Friedel.Curtius, T., diazoacetic acid ; diazo-acetamide pseudodiazoncetamide, 883.- formation of ethyl azinsuccinnatefrom ethyl diazoacetate 886.Curtius, T., and F. Xoc.h, derivativesof diazosuccinic acid, 885.C u r t i u s . See also Bucnner.C zacz e t k a,. G., nitrogen determina-tions by Kjeldahl’s metliod, 688.D.Dabney, C. W., and B. Van H e r f f ,determination of nitrogen by the cop-per oxide method, &c., 593, 930.D a c c o m 0, G., trichlorophenol, trichlo-ronitro- and amido-phenols, tribromo-nitro- and amido-phenols, 889.Daccomo. See also Gnareschi.D agie 1, A., the- albuminolds of milk,D a i x and Po s so z, extraction of sugarDalmon, J., arbutin, 1096.Damkiihler. See Otto.Damoiseau, A., prepnation of sodiumD a m o u r A,, newalumina lime phos-- new mineral from the environs ofDamour andDes Cloizeaux,magne-Damski.See Goldstein.Dana, J. D., sand acd kaolin fromquartzite, 360.Danguy, R., nitrogen in leather waste,930.d’A.r &-a n va i, A., suppressionof nitrogenfumes from the Bunsen battery,854.D a v i e sj R. I€,, three Chinese fixed oils,1022.Debray, H., purple of Cassius, 875.Debray and.. J o a n n i s , decomposition1149.from molasses, 943.sulphide, 349.phate, 640.Nantes, 643.sia epidot,e, 31.of cupric oxide by heat, 21.oxidation of copper, 22. --D e cas t r o . See-M e bue.D ec han, M., galleyn ae an indicator,Dechan, M., and T..Maben, milkDechant, J., refractive indices of con-1012.analysis, 446.densed gases, 6211286 INDEX OF AUTHORS.D e c h e n, v., silver amalgam from 0 ber-D e Clermont, P., and P.C h a u t a r d ,L) e F o r c r a n d, glyoxal-ammonium hy -- heat of formation of ammonium- heat of formation of alkaline alco-- sodium methoside, 1031.D e G a s p a r in, complementary manures,930. - phosphatic deposits in the south-east of France, 127.D e G. a s p a r i n, P., phosphoric acid in thesoil, 588.Degener, P., and J. Lach, treatmentof animal charcoal, 1170.De G i r a r d , J., action of phosphoniumiodide on ethylene oxide, 1621.DehBrain, P. P., butyric fenmentationin the diffusion vessels of sugar facto-ries, 464.lahnstein, 219.iodacetone, 648.drogen sulphite, 627, 648.sulphite, 471.holates, 1102.- cultivation of sugar-beet, 189.- cultivation of sugar-beet a t Grig-- experimental culture of wheat a t- on rotations, 185.l)eh&rain, P. P., and L. Maquenne,evolution of carbonic anhydride andabsorption of oxygen by leaves in thedark, 927.l)eichmiiller, A., F. Szymanski,and B. Tollens, Phydroxybutyricacid in diabetic urine, 830.Delacharlonny, P. M., hydratedaluminium sulphate, 134.De l a Rue, W., and H. W. Miiller,electric discharge with the chloride ofsilver battery, 322.D e l o ry, dyeing with alizarin colouraon indigo-blue cloth, 106.Demargay, E., methods of qtectrumanalysis, 465. - separation of titanium from nio-bium and zirconium, 639.Denaro. See OLiveri.D e n n s t e d t . See Ciamician.I) e P i t t e u r s, molecular modificationsDerby, 0.A., occurrence ,of gold in- the Santa Catharina meteorite, 362.Des Cloizeaux, crystalline form andoptical characters of siamondine, 1118. - eu dnophite, 641.Des Cloizesux. See also Damour.Ueslandres, H., relation between thenltra-violet specbrum of water and thetoiluric bauds, A, B, a, 713.non in 1884, 423.Chignon, in 1884, 928.of silver homide, 349.Brazil, 356.Despeiusis, L. H., treatment of spupeby electricity, 205.Detmer, W., formationof hydrochloricacid in plants, 683.D e Vries, H., decomposition of organicacids under the influence of light,964. - estimation of the combined acidsin plant sap, 1014.D e V r i j , J. E., assay of commercialquinine sulphate, 302.Dewalque, G,, hatchettine fromSeraing, 220.D e war, J., critical volumes of liquids,331.Dewar. See also Lieving.DBzaunay.See Andouard.Dicocco. See Sestini.Didier, P., sulphides of cerium andlanthanum, 955.Diehl, L., and A. E i n h o r n , condensa-tion-products of cinnamaldehyde withacetone, 1221. - -- condensation-products oforthonitrocinnamaldehy de with ace-tone, 1222. -- preparation of ortho- andpara-nitrocinnamaldehyde, 1221.Dieterle, W., and C. H e l l , adipicaeid, 43.Dietrich, E., manufacture of asphalte,309.Diet z e 11, E., source of the nitrogen ofthe LeguminosE, 418.Dieulaf a i t , composition of the ash ofthe Equisetaceq 583. - concentration of zinc carbonllte indolomites, 6443. - non-volcanic origin of boric acid,S76. - origin of boric acid, 876.- origin of iron, manganese, and zincminerals in the older secondary lime-stones, 644. - origin of manganese minerals, 1119. - origin of the phosphorites in thesoath-west of France, 30. - origin and formation of masses ofcalcium phosphate in sedimentaryrocks, 127.D i l l e r , J. S., fulgurite from MountThielson, Oregon, 493.D i tt e, A., fluor-apatites, 126,225.Divers, E., constitution of the fulmi-nate@, TRANS., 77.- constitution of non-saturated oxy-genous salts : reaction of phosphorusoxychloride witth sulphites and ni-trites, TRANS., 205.Divers, E.,and T. Rags, behaviourofstannous chloride towards nitric oxideand nitric acid, TRANS., 623INDEX OF -4UTHORS. 1287Divers, E., andT.Haga,conrersionofPelouze’s nitrosulphates into hgpo-Ditrites and sulphites, TRANS., 203._I- existence of barium and leadnitrosulphates, TRANS., 364.-- formation of hyponitritesfrom nitric oxide, TXANS., 361. -- reactions between mercurousnitrate and nitric oxide or nitrites,Divers, E., and M. R a w a k i t a , de-composition of silver fulminate byhydrochloric acid, TRANS., 69.Divers, E., and T. Nakamura, newhydrocarbon from Japanese petro-leum, TRANS., 924.Divers, E., and T. Shimidzu,action ofpyrosulphuric acid on certain-- action of sulphurie and nitricacids on zinc, in the production ofhydroxylamine, TRANS., 597. - - constitution and readion ofliquid nitric peroxide, TRANS., 686. -_ - reactions of selenious acidwith hydrogen sulphide arid ofsulphurous acid with hydrogenselenide, TRANS., 441.-- uselof sulphuric acid to oxi-dise metallic sulphide in analysis, 836.Divers, E., and M. SchimosQ, quan-titative separation of tellurium fromselenium, TRANS., 439.Dixon, H. B., conditions of chemicalchange in gases, 479.Dixon, H. B., and H. F. Lowe, de-composition of carbonic anhydride bythe electric spark, TRANS., 571.Do bbie, J. J., variety of saponite, 229.Dobbie, J. J., and(+. G. Henderson,red resin from Drarccena cirtnabari,808.Dobbie, J. J., and J. B. Hutcheson,easy method .of determining thespecific gravity of solids, 332.PROC., 95.met&, TRANS., 637.Dobbie. See also Gray.Dobbin, L., and 0. Masson, actionofthe halogens on salts of trimethylsulphine, TRANS., 56.Doebner, O., and W.w. Miller,methylquinolines, 1079.D o l t e r , C., augites, 736. - effect of heat on vesuvian, apatite,and tourmaline, 26. - relation between ,the optical pro-pel ties and .chemical composition ofpyroxene, 229.D ij 11, E., pseudomorphs, 221.DGring, A., and others, vanadates fromthe Argentine Republic, 641.Dott, D. B., estimation of spirit ofnitrous ether, 1013.Dougherty, G. T., estimation ofD r a g e n d o r f f and Spohn, alkalo’idsDralle. See Schall.D r a p e r , H., use of carbon bisulphideD r a p e r , H. N., lakmo’id and carminic- preparation of hydrogen sulphide,D r e c h s 1 e r, G., manuring esperimeuts,- notes on manuring, 187.D nes er, H., histological chemistry andphysiology of &he kidney, 923.Dreyfus, E., constitution of bleaching-powder, 19.Dubernard, volumetric estimation ofpotassium, 1261.Dubois, C., and L.Pad&, naturalfats, 844,.Duclaux, E., germination in soil richin organic matter, but free frommicrobes, 428.antimony, 29.7.of Aeoniturn lycoctonum, 403.in prisms, 853.acids as reagents for alkalis, 931.346.186.- vitdity of germs of microbes, 41’7.Dudgeon, P., occurrence of linarite inslag, 226.Durkopf, C., reduction and oxidationproducts of aldehydecollidine, 817.D uggan, J. It., relation of antisepticpower to chemical Constitution, 1016.Duisberg, C., formation of paratoljl-parametbylimesatin from: dichlor-acetic acid and paratoluidine, 543.D u j a r d i n . See Bechamp.Dulk, L., gravitation and atomicweight, 722.Dunschmann, M, and H.v. Pech-man ti, substitution products ofacetonedicarboxylic acid, 1201.D u n s t a n , W. R., and F. Ransom,detection of alkalo’ids in the roots ofd t r o p a belladonna, 448.Dunstan,W.R, and F. W. Short, glu-c o d e from Strychnosnux-vomica, 395. -- Strychlzos nux-vomica, indi-genous to Ceylon, 583.D upr6,A., battery with two liquids,853.D u r i n , recovery of paraffin and heavyoils from petroleum residues, 463.Duvillier, E., areatines and crea-tinines, 819.- a-ethylamidopnopionic acid, 373.- diethylamido-or-butyric acid, 750.D u v i l l i e r , E., and H. Malbot,tetmn~ethylammo~iium nitrate, 370.Dyer, B., manuring turnips, 589.Dymond, T. S., estimation of ethylnitrite in spirit of nitrous ether, 842.Dymond. See also Crippa1288 IXDEX OF AUTHORS.E.Eastman, J.R., nem meteorite,.494.E b e r t , GF., action of hydrobromic acidand bromine on coumtlrin, coumarone,and orthocoumaric acid, 391.E b e r t , H., constitution of ethyl suc-cinosuccinate; 1122.E bnrr, V. v., difference between crys-talline and anisotropic structures, 631.E c k e n r o t h , H., mixed observations,786.E d s r , J. M., behaviour of the hdoYdlcompounds of silver to the solarspectrum, 703. - chemical action of light, 1173. - spectrographic investrigation ofdifferent standards of light, .1026.E d l e r , E., 1 :.3 : 4 : 5 nitropseudo-cumene, pseudvcumidine, and pseudo-oumenol, 771.E f f r o n t , J., two isomeric isobutyl-orthamidotoluenes, 151.E ggeling and P a s t eur, various cattlediseases, 73.Egger, E., action of dilute acids onbottle-glass, 459.- testing wine for added water, 842.E: g 1 i, K., dry distillation of ammoniumbenzenesulphonate, 799. - isomeric thiotolens, 766.Ehrenberg, A., analysis of. gases by- chloro- and bmmo-fulminurio- fulminuric acid, 1192.I_ mercury fulminate, 38. - sodium fulminate, 1191.E h r e n s t e i n , S. v., lime in the separa-tion of beet jyice, 1170.E h r h ar d t, O., specific heat, and latentheat of fusion4 625.Eichbaum, F., curd soaps? 944.- preparation of cheap toilet soaps,E i j k m a n n, J. I?., active constituents- active constituents of Skimmia- the alkaloid of.Mac1eya cordata, 404. - the poisonous constituents of Sko-polia japonicn, 404.E i l o a r t , A., bromine MI a test forquinine, narcotine, and morphine, 96.E i n h o r n .See Diehl.E k s t r a n d , A. E., mononitro-a-naph-- mononitro-/I-naphthoic acids, 904.- a sulphoxide of‘ naphthalene, 170.Elbere, A., compounds of benzalde-combustion, 1261.acids, 1192.944.of Nandi-na dornestica, 565.japonica, 553.thoic acids, 548.hyde with aniline hydrochIoride andstannic chloride, 528..E l bers, A., compounds of hydrazineswith ketonic and aldehydic acids, 534.E l borne, W., English rhubarb, 582.Elbs, K., and 0. W i t t i c h , action ofchloropicrin and chloroform on toluene,517.Elbs, K.,.and E. Larsen, paraxylyl-phcnylketone, 261.Elbs. See also Claus.Eliassor, W., fate of ‘morphine in tl;eorganism, 577.E l l e n b e r g e r and H o f m e i s t e r , re-searches on the digestion of the horse,178, 679, 1148.-- effects of lead on ruminants,74.E l l i o t , A. H., anthracene from water-gas tar, 549.E l s t e r , J., and H. Geitel, thesimplest form o€ induction machine,1098.E m i c h, F., behuviaur of the bile acidswith gelatin a d gelatin peptones, 822. - natural purification of waters, 846.Emmerling,.A., formation of albuminin green plants, 289.E mmerling and others, manurialvalue of freshly fallen leaves, 686.Endemann, H., examination of glj-cerol, 443. - formation of grape-sugar from&arch, la.E n gel, R., combination of magnesiumand hydrogen potassium carbonates,s72.- magnesium hydrocarbonate, 724. - solubility of magnesium carbonatein carbonic acid, 484.Engel, R., and J. Ville, estimationof hydroxides in presence of car-bonates, 931.E n g e l , W., new cumidine, 1215.E n g l e r , C., direct nitration of aceto-phenone, 1223. - presence of pseudocumene andmesjtylene in different mineral oils,1209.Engler, C., and Hassenknmp, de-rivatives of dibromacetophenone,1223.E n g l e r , C., and P. Riehm, action ofacetone on aniline, 1246.E p s t e i n , W., synthetical lutidine, 815.Erck. See Buchka.E r c k man n, Gt., dissociation tension ofErdmann, H., action of snlphuric acid- conversion of lact,onic acids intoltlumonium carbamate, 859.on the phenylcrotonic acids, 528.lactones, 963INDEX OF AUTHORS.1289E rdmann, H., nitration in the side-chains in aromatic compounds, 662.Erdmann. See also F i t t i g and Vol-hard.E r h s r t, F., glycide pyroacemate, 1207.Erlenmeyer, E., formation of pgro-E r r era), G., ethylphenol, 775.- action of chlorine on cymene, 855.- a-phenylpropylene and a-parakolyl-E r r e r n , L., glycogen in beer yeast,- glycogen in ferments, 1254.E s c a1 es, R., action of phenylhydrazineon sulphinic acids, 798.E schdllmann. See M u s p r a t t .Eser, C-, influence of physical andchemical properties of the soil onevaporation, 80.Essner, J. C., action of hydrogen onacetamide, 245.E s s n e r , J. C., and E, Gossin, aektyl-toluene, 252. -- action of amyl chlorides andamylena on toluene, 517.-- action of benzoic chloride on, isodurene, in presence of AlCl,. 253.E t a r d , A., and Gt. BQmont, alkalineferrocpanides and their compoundswith armrrionium chloride, 364. --- - green ferrocyanides or glauco-femcyanides, 496. -- hydroferrocyanic acid and itsderivatives, 233.E t t i, C., kinoi‘n in Malabar kino, 59.E u g l i n g , W., casejin in milk, and on- composition of Alpine and meadow- effect of rain on the quality of hay,7 experiments with nitrogenous and- melted butter, 1171.E wing, A. L., erosion of limestone, 358.E x n e r , F., new method for determiiiingthe size of molecules, 951.E p s t er, G. S., qualitative determina-tion of the bases without hydrogensulphide, 1012.tartaric acid, 753.propylene, 772.11 51.the action of rennet, 1083.hay, 929.1154.peaty soils, 929.F.Falck, E., action of ethyl chlorocar-bonate, &c., on benzenylamidoxime,1216.P a 1 i i? re s, E., titration of potassiumiodide, 1011.F a r s k y , F., fine and coarsc grainedsuperphosphates, 82.F a r s k y, F., sulphuric acid as manure, 83.Fauconnier, A., reduction of manni-F avo r d k y, A,, condensation of cro-- isomerism of acetylene hydro-Feer, A., and W.Eiinigs, derivatives-- derivatives of methylhydro-Fehrenbach. See Nobel.Feldmann, A., preparation of ammo-Fellows. See G r i f f i t h s .FBnyes, D., barytes from PBsey, 733.F e r r a r i , C., influence of the weatherF e r r a r i , P., detection of sulphuricFesting. See Abney.Fielinsky, N., additive products ofmethylaruine and p-methylglycidicacid, 7.52.tol, 743.tonylenes, 645.carbons, 736.of carbostyril, 1235.quinoline, 1245.nia, 1017.on crops, 80.acid in wine, 692.F i l e ti, M., cumyl ether, 776.Fischer, B., and 0.P h i l i p p , di-methplaniidoazobenzene as indicatorin alkalimetry, 1159.F i s c h e r , B., and B. P r o s k a u e r , dis-infection with chlorine and bromine,846.Fisolier, E., chemicltl examination ofnocerine, 955’. - compound of glucoses and sucroseswith phen ylh y draz i ti e. 53.- constitution of the hydrazines,257. -- naphthalene as an insecticide, 434.F i s c h e r , E., and C. Bulow, benzoyl-Fischer, E., and J. Tafel, hydrazinesF i s c h er, F., electrolytic production ofFischer.0. W.,diquinolines, 399, 1246. - two tin organic compounds, 3’77.Fischer, O., and G. K o r n e r , chvs-Fischer, 0.) and E. Tiiuber, flarani--- harniine and harmaline, 820.Fischer. See also S k r a u p .F i t t b o g e n , action of various forms ofF i t t b o g e n , J., and 0. F o e r s t e r ,F i tt t b o ge n, J., and others, influence ofF i t t i g, R., condensation-product of the- constitution of vinaconic acid, 653. - Perkin’s reaction, 663.acetone, 123’7.of cinnaniic acid, 540.metals and chlorine, 941.aniline, 260.line, 400.phosphoric acid, 1009.ensilage of frozen potatoes, 184.calcium sulphide on barley, 1154.lactones, 3751290 1K;DEX OF AUTHORS.F i t t i g , R., and H. Erdmttnn, syn-thesis of a-naphthol, 545.F i t t i g , R., and M.Ruhlmann, actionof water and hydriodic acid on valero-lactone and isocaprolwtone, 375.F l e c k , H., oxidation of ammonia inspring wa%er, 704. - recognition o€ nitric acid stcains ontextures, 595.F l e i s c h e r , M., hop cdture in peatsoils, 185.Fleischer, M., and others, action ofsea-sand on peaty and sandy soils, 929.Fl6isch1, E. v., double refraction ofliquids, 318.F l e i schmann, W., notes on milk, 849. - C. Thiel’s ‘paiikeurising apparatusFleischmann, W., and J. Berendes,FIeissner. See Lippmann.F l e u r y , B., density of porous bodies,- Grevillea gum, 238.FloeI, 0.) action of potassium andsodium salts on unstriated muscle,578.Fliickiger, F. A., estimation of morcphine in opium, 1165.- testing oil of roses, 934.F l u c k i g e r , M., the copper.oxide re-ducing constituent of normal urine;924.F o c k, A., new thermo-pegulator, 950.F o h r , C. F., estiniation of minuteF o e r s t e r . See F i t t b o g e n .Fokker, A. P., hygienic importance ofthe detection of carbonic oxide. 415.Foote, H. C., apparatus used for pre-cipitating copper by eleckrolysis, 59’7.P o o t e, twin crystals of zircon, 222.F o s s e k, W., hydroxyphosphinic acids,Foullon, H. v., crystallised copper- native tellurium from FaEzebaja;- products of the alteration of pitch-F o u q u 8, triclinic felspar from QuatreF o u r m o n t, new method of testing forFourneaux, E., nitroparatoluquino-Foussereau, G., electrical resistanceFox, W., and J.A. Wanklyn, butterF r a e n c k e 1, N., derivatives of thiodi-for milk, 105.creaming of milk, 944.334.quantities nf silver, 84.504.from Schneeberg, 220.1116.blende, 222.Ribeiras, 642.chlorates, 430.line, 400.of alcohol, 1100.analysis, 446.phenylamine, 1190.Franchimont, A . P. N., action ofnitric acid on certain bibasic acids,964. - action of nitric acid on methyl-sulphonaanides, 969.I_ reduction of nitrodimethylamine,963.F r a n c i s , E. E. H., toughened filterpaper, TRANS., 183.F r a n k , A. B., formation and physio-logical significance of gum, 684.F r a n k l a n d , E., chemical changes inrelation to micro-organisms, TRANS.,159.F r a n k l a n d , P., illuminating power ofhydrocarbons, TRANS., 235.Franzenau, A., amphibole from theAaranjer Mountain, 226.- anglesite from Felso-Viss6, 733.F r e a r , W., the time element in gluteiideterminations, 1014.F r e d a , Q., chryflocolla from Etna,643.FrBdEricq, L., influence of changes inthe composition of the air on respi-ratory changes, 40’7.Fremery, J. L. de, analysis of twoCalifornian wines, 812.Fremy, E., and‘ U r b s i n , cutose,369.F r e n z e l , J., and T. Wey1, determina-tion of case’in in cow’s milk, 936.F r e s e n i u s , R. and W., Portlandcement and its adulteration, 616.Fridolin, chebulinic acid, 396.F r i d o l i n , A,, tannin from variousplants, 808.F r i e d e l , reply to remarks by Troostconcerning chloral hydrate, 746.F r i e d e l , C., and J.D.I.Crafts,decom-posing action of aluminium chlorideon hydrocarbons, 654. -- decomposition of sulphonicacids, 268.Friedel, C., and 8. Curie, pyroelec-tricity of the topaz; 469.Friedel, C., and L. ROUX, action ofaluminium on aluminium chloride,873.Friedlander, I?., nitration of cinnamicacid derivatives, 1137.F r i e d l l n d e r , P., and M. L a z a r u s ,nitration of meha- and ortho-nitrocin-nnmic acids, &c., 1138.F r i e d l a n d e r , P., and J. Miihly,nitration of paranitrocinnamic acid,1137.F r i e d l a n d e r , P., and A. Weinberg,carbostyril, 989.Friswell, R. J., toughened glassbeakers, PROC., 86.Friswell, R. J., and A. G. GreenINDEX OF AUTHORS. 1291relation of diazobenzeneanilide toamidoazobenzene, TRANS., 917.F r i t z , H., mutud relations of thephysical properties of the elements,117.F r o h l i c h , E., derivatives of benzoyl-pseudocumidine, 154.F r o h l i c h , G., measurement of solarheat, 326.Fromentin, A., and Manoury,recovery of beet-juice by lime, kc.,709.Fromme, C., the tempering of steel,26.F r o s t , B., constitution of terebic andF u r r y , F.E., iodic acid aa an indicator,tetraconic. acids, 393.592.G,Gabriel, S., action of phthafic anhy-dride on benzyl cyanide, 902.- action of sulphuric acid on aceto-phenoneorthocarboxylic acid, 166. - benzyliditiepkthalide, 902, 1228. - constitution of phthalylacetic acid,- methylenephthalide, 1228.Gacon, A., blasting powder, 315.Gagnaire, effecbs of fresh stableGaiffe, A., a standard volt, 1099.Galloway, W,, influence of coal-dustGans, J., purification of molassee, 103.G a n t t e r , F,, and C.Hell, occurrenceof pimelic acid amongst the oxidation-products of castor oil, 44.164.manure on potatoes, 189.on colliery explosions, 463.Garbe. See Crova.Garnier. Bee Schlagdenhauff en.B a r r o d , A. B., phyeriology of uric acid,414.GasiorowsIti, K., and V. Merz,nitriles from aromatic formaniides,772.Gasiorowski, E., and A. F. Wayss,chlorinated and brominaked hydro-carbons from aromatic amines, 1060. -- diazo-compounds, 525.Gastiger, ethyl paratolylnitrosamine,Q a t t ermann, L., derivatives of =eta-- tolane tetrachloride, 167.G a u t h i e r, H., paramonochloracetophe-U a u t i e r , A., constitution of the albu-- leucomaines, 676. - new method €or the synkheeis ofnitrogenous organic mmpounds, 275.381.nitroparatohidine, 9’15.none, 1061.minolds, 1082.G a u t i e r, A., sterilisation of fermentableG a u t i er, F., manganese steel, 307.Gaw aloski, A., bottles for reagents,- modification of Zixlkowsky’s azoti-- new form of burette, 835.- soap analysis, 844.Gay, J., absorption of nitric oxide byferrous salts, 1109.Gebhardt, W., action of ammonia andamines on thiocarbamide, 387.-- secondary amines, 11, 383.Geigy, R., and W.Konigs, derivativesGeissler, E., estimation of fat in milk,Beitel. See E l s t e r :G e n t h, C., excretion of carbamide,G e n t h , F. A., herderite, 488.G e n t i l , C., P-naphthoquinolinesul-phonic acid, 561.Gerlach, G.T., specific gravity, boilingpoint, and vapour-bension of aqueousglycerol, 499.Gernez, D., nacreous crystals of sul-phur, 1037. - rate of transformation of prismaticinto octahedral sulphur, 952.-. transformations of sulphur, 1109.G e r r a r d , A. W., apparatus for esti-mating carbamide, 610._I_ crjstalline subhnce from Jambosaroot, 396.G e u t h e r, A., action of lead hydroxideand silver oxide on aqueous solutioiisof sodium pentasulphide and thio-sulphate, 217. - derivatives of spmetzical isodi-chlorethyl ether, 227.Giacomo, C., detecbion of: sugar inurine, 702.Uibbs, W., new complm inorganicacids, 875.Gilbert. See LawewG i r a r d , A., alimentary value of thedifferent parts of the wheat grain,678.liquids in the cold, 287.835.meter, 593.of benzophenone, 1236.1014.830.- formation of sugar in beets, 75.Uirard, C., estimation of sugar byFehling’s solution na conducted at themunicipal laboratory in Paris, 1163.G i r a r d , C., and Pabst, absorptionspectra of some colouring matters,1098.G i r a r d .See also Muntz.G i r a u d , H., action of ammonia on solu-Gladding, T., quantitative eeparatioiitions of potassium salts, 1038.of roein and fats, 6031292 INDBX OF AUTHORS.Gladstone, J. H., and A. T r i b e ,action of the copper-zinc couple onbenzyl bromide, TRANS., 448.Glaser, M., action of potassium per-manganate on sodium thiosulphate,937.G 1 a 8 er, C., estimation of phosphoricacid, 837.- estimation of reverted phosphoricacid by the oxalate method, 838.Glaser, F. C., manufacture of zincoxide, 1270.Glaser. See also Petermann.Glause, A., and B. Luchsinger,phjsidlogical action of some ammo-nium bases, 415.G o c k e 1, A., relation of ‘‘ Peltier’sheat effect” to the available energy ofa galvanic current, 8%.Godefroy, L., hydrates of chromicchloride, 352.Godlewski, E., circulation of the sapin plants, 927.G o h ~ i n g , C. F., action of aldehyde onparanitrobenzaldehyde, 527. - action of aldehyde on metanitro-benzaldehyde, 791.Goring, T., preparation of concen-trated acetic acid, 105.Goesmann, C. A., manurial value oftobacco stems, 589.Gol’dmann, E., state of cystein andformation of sulphuric acid in theanimal bodJ, 922.Goldschmidt, H., the so-called oxy-camphor of Kachler and Spitzer,270.Goldschmidt, H., and R.Eoreff,camphor, 1071.Goldschmidt, H., and H. Sdhmid,nitrosghenols, 775, 1238.Goldschniidt, H., and R. Z u r r e r ,carvoxime, 1210. -- carvoxime- derivatives, 1058.Goldschmiedt, G., papverhe, 1080.G o l d s t e i n , M., and A. Damski, riseof solutions in capillary tubes, 115.Goloubeff, reduction of isodinitro-benzene, 660.Gunnard, F., pegmatite containinglarge crystals of chlorophyllite, 34. - pegmatite on the borders of VizCzy,near Xontbrison, 131. -- mineralogical notes on the envi-rons of Pontgibaud, 220.Gooch, F. A., separation of titaniumfrom aluminium and iroq 1265.Goodwin, W.L., nature of aolution,865.Gop pelsroeder, F., bleaching indigo-blue and Turkey-red by electro-chemical means, 108.Gtoppelsroeder, F., formation of hp-droxy- and chloro-cellulose electro-chemically , 208. - preparation of persulphocyanogenby electrolysis, 107.Gorboff, A., and A. Kesfiler, appa-ratus for fractional distillation underreduced pressure, 950.Go r c e i x, I€., hydrated titanium oxidefrom Diamantiiqa, 6M. - miner& from the metamorphicrocks of Our0 Preto, Brazil, 30. - monazite sands from Caravellas,Province of Bahia, .Brazil, 489.Gore, G., effect of heat on ammoniumamd pohassium flusahromates, 1114. - electro-deposition of carbon andsilicon, 110. - electrolysis of silver fluoride,chlorate, and perchlorate, 110.- estimation of ammonia in potablewater, 194. - magnesium subxi&, 123.- reactions with carbon and mme ofits compounds, 119. - reduction of metallic solutions bymeans of gases, 1112. - relation of chemical corrosion tovoltaic current, 324. -_ relation of heat to voltaic andthermoelectric action of metals,325.--me new phenomena of electro-lysis, 324. - unequal electric conduction re-sistance a t cathodes, 324.Uorgeu, A., tricobalt tetroxide, 351.Gt o r ham, J., the pupil photometer,Gossin, E., action of sulphuric acid on3ossin. See Calmers and Essner.J r a b o w s k i , ozocerite and ceresine of3 r a e b e, C., phthalimidine, 979. - reduction of phthalimide and-- P-sulphophthalic acid, 902.;traebe, C., and P. Guye, diphthalyl,267.;traeb,e, C., and H.Schmalzigaug,diphthalyl, 797.;traeff, F., action O € reducing agentson nitrotoluidine, 1127.f r a e t z e 1, preparation of magnesium,940.Xrandval, A., and H. L a j o u x ,detection and estimation of nitricacid in the air, water, soils, &c.,1093.1 rasset, J., anssthetic action of co-cayne, 285.320.cyanogen iodide, 645.Gallicia, 487.phthalide, 165INDEX OF AUTHORS. 12$13G r a s s e t , J., ansesthetic action of co-G r a s s e t and J e a n n e l , physiologicalG r a t am a, D., double sulphide of alum-Grandeau, H., phosphates, 872.Gray, T., A. Gray,and J. J. Dobbie,electric qualities of glass, 470.Green. See Friswell, Morley.Greene, W. H., action of hydrochbricacid and of chlorine ou metobenzoicanhydride, 55.- diethoxymethane and preparationof methylene dichloride, 38. - formation of dibenzjl from ethyl-ene dichloride and. beiizene in pre-sence of aluminium chloride, 58. - new syntheeis of saligenin, 53.Greenish, T., pipitzahoic acid, 396.GtrBhant, N., and J. P e y r o u , gascontained in floating and submergedleaves, 1153.G r e i ne r t, ammonia, nitrous acid, andnitric acid in potable waters, 297.Qrevingk, E., nitro- and amido-deri-vatires of metaxjlene, 1U.Gt r i e s s, P., acid ammonium bases,1220.-action of potassium cyanate onmeknitramidobenzoic acid, 54. - derivatives of cyanocarbimido-amidobenzoic acid, &c., 1225. - diazo-compounds, 788.Griess, P., and Q. H. Harrow, pre-sence of choline in hops, TRANS.,298.G r i f f i t h s , A, B., application of ironsulphate in agriculture, TRANS., 46.- pancreatic function of the cepha-lopod liver, 889.- platinum carbides formed a t lowtemperatures, 487. - uric acid from the green glands ofAstacu.rJtzcviatilis, 680.Griffiths,A.B.,and E. C. Conrad,salicylic acid in the cultivated pansy,75.G r i f f i t h s , A. B., and H. Fellows,examination of the organ of Bojanusin anodonta, 921.Grimaux, E., albuminoi’ds, and thecoagulation of eolloyds, 1146.Groger, M., oxidation of the fattyacids of tallow, 883.Gtroshans, J. A., specific gravity ofsubstances in the solid state and inaqueous solution, 333.Groa s, F., derivatives of phenylhy-droxyethenylamidoxime, 1218. - phenylhy droxy et henylamidoxime,898.VOL.XLVIII.caine hydrochloride, 415.action of cocaine, 571.inium and potassium, 350.Grothmann. See Lellmann.Grouven, H., recovery of sulphurfrom soda wsste, 614.G r u b e r , 0. v., preparation of sulphu-rio anhydride from nitrosyl sulphates,199.G r i i n d l e r , J., iodine in human urineafter the external application of iodo-form, 413.Gruneberg. See Vorster.Guereschi, J., and G. Daccomo,chloronitro- and bromonitro-quinones,891.Gubbe, O., optical rotatory power ofinvert sugar; 1194,G u c c i, P., action of carbon bisulphideon metaphenylenediarnine, 156. - new method of separating copperfrom cadmium, 193.G ii r k e, O., preprcition of galle~n,850.G u i g n e t , E., chlorophyll and its com-pounds, 551.- existence of ghycirrhizin in severalvegetable families, 395.Guillemin, G., alloys of copper andcobalt, 1114.G u i n o c h e t, analysis of the contents ofa cyst formed under the tongue,285.Gt u m p e r t , F., decomposition of benzo-nitrils by fuming sulphuric acid,52.- phenyi cyanate, 656.Gunning, J. W., examination ofpotable water, 841.G u n t z, heat of formation of antimonybromide and iodide, 1101.Gt u r k e n s, F., physiological action ofnickel saltb 681.Uu s t av so n, G., reactions of aluminiuinsalts with organic compounds, 363. - thermic data for the compoundsof aluminium bromide with hydrocar-bons, 472.G u t h r i e , F., eutexia, 329. - salt solutions and attached water,337. - thermal and volume changes at-tending mixture, 339.G u t h r i e , F.B., solubility of salts infused sodium nitrate, TRANS., 94.G u t h z e i t . See Conrad.Gtu t z ko w, F., Reynolds’ process forQuye. See Graebe.Guyot, M., description of a crystal ofparting gold from bars, 708.euclase, 228.4 1294 INDEX OF AUTHORS,H.H a a s , R., peroxides of the zinc-H a b e l , L., a reddish coloration ofHabermann, J., acetonequisol, 53. - basic salts, 351. - fagine, 676.Hacciua, C., kephir, 942.H a p ke,L.,meteoritefrom Durmgo,230.Haga. See Divers.Bager, nitric peroxide in bismuth sub-nit,rate, 354.Hager, H., action of ethyl chlorocar-bonate on paranitraniline, 149. - detection of arsenic in presence ofantimony, 838. - new reaetion for sodium, ammo-nium, and lithium salts, 44L - reactions for dist inguiahingchlorides, bromides, and iodides whenmixed together, 1010.H a i t i n g e r , L., remarks on Perkin'snote on the action of aniline onmethyl dehydracetate, 762.- dehydracetic acid, 761.H a i t i n g e r , L., and A.Lieben,chelidonic acid, 47, 965. -- nitrogenous derivatives ofchelidonic acid, 811.H a l b e r s t a d t , W., atomic weight ofplatinum, 355.H a l l e r , S., pseudocumidine, 522. - sylvic and pimaric acids, 1241. - trimethylquinizine-darimativea, 818.H a l l i b u r t o n , W. D., chitin, 991. - composition of the cartilage ofcertain invertebrates, 1251. - the prote'ids of serum, 571.Hamburger, H. J., estimation of ureaby bromine, 450.Hammarsten, O., determination ofsulphur in prote'ids, 931.- separation of serum-albumin andglobulin by means of magnesium sul-phate, 611. - the mucin group, 677. - the sulphur of case'in, 914.Hanamann, J., composition of horsechesnuts, 928. - keeping of topped and untoppedbeet, 1009.Hankel, W., electricity developed inthe disengagement of gases, 2. - thermo- and actino-electricity ofrock crystal, 1187.H a n k 8, H. G., borax deposits, 957.H a n r i o t, hydrogen peroxide, 344.Hansch. See Schmidt.Hansen, E.C.,alcoholic ferments, 1168.h a n s e n . See alRo Schrodt.magiiesium group, 20.cyanide solutions, 233.Hanssen, A., brucine, 63,276,565,819. - relation of brucine to strychnine,1146.Hanssen, A., and C. E. S c h m i t t ,methods of butter analysis, 197.Hantzsch, A., constitution of syntheti-cal pyridine-derivatives, and of iso-cinchomeronic acid, 1078.- decomposition products of pyridine-derivatives, 397.Harnack, E., estimation of iodine inurine, 296.Harrow. See Griess.H a r t , E., detection of iodine, bromine,- new forms of laboratory apparatus,H a r t , T., motions of camphor on theHartley, W. N., absorption spectra of- atomic weight of beryllium, 484. - delicacy of spectrum photography,466. - relation between the molecularstructure of carbon compounds andtheir spectra, TRANS., 685.and chlorine, 295.481.surface of water, 951.alkaloyds, 1174.- use of moist electrodes, 325.H a r t s h o r n . See Hill, Jackson.H a r t z, J. D. A., preparation of daturinefrom stramonium seeds, 820.Hasenclever, R., manufacture ofphosphate from basic slags, 615.Haslam, A.R., action of lime onquinine, 1267. - volatilisation of zinc from Germaqsilver alloys, 70'7.Hassack, C., behaviour of basic coppercarbonate with nascent hydrogen,1270.Hassack. See also Arche.Hasselberg, B., the second spectrumHassenkamp. See Engler.H a t c h , F. H., hypersthene andesiteHttug, Gt., and C. Hoffmann, a sub-H a ua h o f e r, microscopic analysis, 689.H a u t e f e u i l l e , P.,and J . M a r g o t t e t ,polymorphism of silicon phosphate,120.H a u t e f e u i l l e , P., and A. P e r r y ,aluminium oxychloride, 874. - apparent volatilisation of silicona t 4W0, 872.H ay, M., chemistry of nitroglycerol,742.- physiological action of nitro-glycerol, 681.Hay, M., and 0.Masson, compositionof nitroglycerol, 742.of hydrogen, 317.from Peru, 1189.stitute for caoutchouc, 712INDEX OF AUTHORS. 1295H a y c r a f t , J. B., action of a secretionobtained from the medicinal leech,571.Hazura. See Benedikt, Weidel.Heberand. See Zincke.Heckel, E., and F. Schlaqtienhauf--- chemical composition ofHehner, O., analysis of honey, 444.Heiden, E., superphosphatic gypsumas an absorber of ammonia, 83.H e i n e r , G., estimation of resinin soap,933.H e i n r i c h, dependence of cultivationon the depth of the soil, 80.H e l l , C., and G. Lumpp, normalbutylmalonic acid, a new isomericpimelic acid, 44.Hell, C., and R. Rempel, derivativesof normal suberic acid, 755.H e l l , C., and k R i t t e r , action of thehalogen acids on wormseed oil, 172.Hell, C., and G.Schule, normalpentylmalonic acid, 757.Hell. See Chasonowitz, Dieterle,Ganter.Hellriegel, H., evaporative surfacesof plants, and influence of moisture inRoils on plant growth, 421. - preservation of dried washedsugar-beet mark sections, 685.Hempel, W., apparatus and arrange-ments of the laboratory a t Dresden,951. - behaviour of the different modi-6cations of carbon towards iron,725.fen, chaulmoogra eeeds, 927.Arternisia gallicia, 6%.- derivatives of suberic acid, '756.- estimation of oxygen in air, 592. - influence of the chemical natureand the pressure of gases on electricinduction machines, 1098.-- percentage of oxygen in the air,1091.- titration of iron ores, 932.Hempse, W., separation of zinc fromHenderson. See Dobbie.H e n ius, M., benzil-derivatives, 1067.Henneberg, W., feeding sheep withHenninger. See W u r t z .HBnoque, A., action of potassium ni-Henrichsen. See Ostermayer.Henriques, R., a new method of pre-paring secondary amidoazo-deriva-tives, 168.Henriques, R., and M. I l i n s k i , pre-paration of the nitroso-naphthols,801.metals of the same group, 932.sugar, 1252.trite on blood, 682.H e n r y, L., amides of the oxalic series,- halo'id subs ti tution-derivatives of- physical properties of chlorace-- primary halold derivatives of ethjl- pyrotartaronitrile and succino-- solubility and fusibility in the- trimethylene iodide, '736.- volatility of cyano-derivatives con-taining oxygen, 880. - volatility of chloronitriles, 1044.Hensch, A., influence of cultivation onthe moisture of the soil, 588.Hentschel, W., conversion of ethylcarbanilate into amidobenzoic acid,'792.886.propionic acid, 372.tates, 1121.ether, 882.nitrile, 646.oxalic acid series, 335.- phenyl cyanate, 888.- preparation of methyl chloroform-Heppe, G., adulteration of lemon-oil- adulteration of petroleum with- testing oil of cassia, 69'7..Eerff. See Dsbney.Hermrtnn, L., action of trichloraceticacid, 575.H e r r e , W., preparation of waterproofand incombustible paper, 315.Herrmann, P., and 3. Tollens, r eactions of saccharin, 962.H e r t k orn, J., silicates of the phenols,1056.Herzberg, M., cinnamic and hydro-cinnamic acid : paranitrobenzalde-hyde, 661.H e r z o g, M., silvering of glass and mir.rors, 1020.Hesekiel, A., new methylpiperidine :/?-picoline hexahydride, 812.Hess, E., and B.L u c h s i n g e r , toxi-cological contributions, 578.Hess, O., benzoyl-derivatives of aro-matic amhes, 783.Hess, W., and A. B e r n t h s e n , amido-and hydroxy-derivatives of phenpl-acridine, 800.Hess. See also B e r n t h s e n .Hesse, O., alkaloyds from the bark ofRemijia purdieana, 64. - dicinchonicine, 675. - fat or wax from cinchona-bark, - opionin, 1074. - synthesis of homoquinine, 276.H e s s e, W., estimation of micro-organ-ate, 883.mth oil of turpentine, 1163.solar oil, 599.1075.isms in the air, 611.4 s 1296 INDEX OF AUTHORS.Heydrich, C., triphenylamine, 1213.Hidden, W.E., mineralogical notes,878.Hidden, W. E., and J. B. Mackin-tosh, herderite from Oxford Co.,Maine, 359.Hilgenstock, G., phosphorus in theblast furnace, 616.Hill, H. B., monobromo- and dibromo-pyromuoic acids, 1125.Hill, H. B., and G. T. H a r t s h o r n ,furfurane-derivatives, ’762.H i l I , H. B., and A. W. P a l m e r , sul-phopyromucic acid, 1204.Eill, H. B., tmd E. I(. Stevens, phe-noxpmucobromic acid, 531.H i l l e b r a s d , W. F., new mineralsfrom Colorado, zunyite and guiter-manite, 878.H i l l e r , E., percentage of alkaloTds inlupines, 832.Hilsebein, E., action of phosphoricchloride on meconic wid, 1209.Hinsberg, O., quinoxalines, 909.- reagent for aromatic diamines,H i n t z e , C., microlite, 732.Hintze. See Anschutz.H i o r t d a h l , T., colemanite, 730.Hi r s c h, R., paranitro-orthocresol andtoluquinonechlorimide, 892.Hirschhausen, L. r., detection ofber-berine, hydrastine, and oxyacanthine,606.934.Hirschsohn, E., Siam benzo’in, 620.H j e l t, E., ethylidinethengltricarboxylicacid, 243.H o c h s t e t t e r , H., melilotic acid andanhydride, 390.Hock. See Trrtub.Hodgkinson, W. R., fluorene, PROC.,Hogborn, double tungstates of rareH o 1 z, O., bromamidophenols, 1211.Honig, M., action of potassium per-manganate on sodium thiosalphate,1111.36.metals, 25.HO t t e , B., phenylparamide, 1220.Hoffmann, O., nitrosonaphthol andHoffmann.See also H a u g .Hofmann, A. W., conhydnne-deriva-- conine group, 662. - conversion of phenyl cyanate into- cryntallised methyl-violet, 791, - pentamethylaniline, 1128. - phosphorus chloronitride, 15. - thioc.yanuric acid, 1193.Hofmann. See a120 Behrmrtnn.its derivatives, 545.tives, 401.phenyl cyanurate, 774.Hofmeister, V., digestion of celluloseHofmeister. See Ellenberger.H o 1 d e f l e is s, electrical researches,H o l l r u n p . See Kudelka.Holmes, E. M., Japanese oils, 1023.H o 1 t h of, C., precipitation of man-ganese with bromine, 690. - simple fusion salt, 687.Holz. See Roll.H o l z a p f e l , J., dari as a source ofalcohol, 102.Horn 01 ka, B., condensation-productsof or-ketonic acids, 758.Homolka, B., and F.Stolz, iodopra-pargylic acid, 1198.Honigmann, M., producing a coatingof ferrosoferric oxide on iron, 1271.Hood, J. J., estimation of iron bypotassium permanganate, 297. - rate of the chemical absorption ofgases, 341.Hood, W., nickel ore from PineyMountain, Oregon, 1190.Hoogewerff, S., and W. A. VanD o r p, colouring matters from lepi-dine, 673.Hooker. See Ramberger.H o p p e - S e y 1 e r, F., decomposition-products of the colouring matter ofthe blood, 826. - effects of phenylhydrazine on theorganisms, 674. - eeparation of case’in from albumin,845, 1015. - soaps as constituents of bloodplasma and of chyle, 573.Horbacsewski, J., artificial uric andmethyluric acids, 1050.H o r n b e r g e r, R., composition ofSinapis alha during various stages ofgrowth, 1087.- mineral matter in the seeds offorest trees, 1255.E o r s l e y , J., tests for butter andbutterine, 696.Houzeau, A., estimation of nitrogen,1011.Howard. See I l l i n g w o r t h .H u f n e r , G., crystalline metahsmo-globin from the dog, 276.Hiifner, G., and M.Bucheler, oxy-haemoglobin of the horse, 277.Hueppe, F., changes which milkundergoes through the agency ofmicro-organisms, 416.Hueppe, F., and W. E u g l i n g , bluemilk, 1171. -- preservation of milk, 117’0.H u e p p e, F., and others, lactic fermentby the horse, 916,1152.in milk, 1170INDEX OF BUTHORS. 1297Huepp? See alao Eugling.H u t t e l i n . SeeClaus.H u f s c h m i d t, F., Beparation of arsenicfrom antimony and tin, 86.- volumetric estimation of nitrogen,1011.Humpidge, T. S., atomic weight ofberyllium, 1184.H u n t , B., synthesis of tannin, 1228.Huntington, A. K., preparation oftungstic acid, 1272.H u r i o n , variation in the electric re-sistance of bismuth when placed in amagnetic field, 469.H u r t e r . See Carey.Huskisson, P. L., crystallisation ofphosphoric acid, 347.Hussack, E., distribution of cordieritein rocks, 1190.Hutcheson. See Dobbie.I.I g e l s t r o m , L. J., empholite, 31._._ hyalophane from Jakobsberg, 227.I h l , A., phenols as reagents for carbo-I l e s , M. W., decomposition and ana-I 1 i n B k i, M., nitrosonaphthol and itsI l i n s k i , M., and G.v. K n o r r e , sepa-I l i n 6ki. See also Henriques.I l l i n g w o r t h , B., and A. Howard,thermal relationship between waterand certain salts, 339.Ilosvay, L., conditions for the forma-tion of native sulphur, 729.I l o u p o t s k y , action of chlorine ontetramethylethylene, 645.Immendorf. See Anschutz.I n c e, W. H., phenyltribromomethane,PROC., 132.I s a m b e r t , F., action of sulphur onamorphous phosphorus, 483. - preparation of ammonia, 722.-I s t r a t i, monochlorethylbenzene, 251.I w a b u c hi, K., Japanese materids forthe manufacture of ultramarine, 460.hydrates, 694.lysee of slags, 192.derivatives, 169.ration of nickel and cobqlt, 840.J.J a b l o c h k o f f , P., new form of voltaic- new pile or anto-accumulator, 854.Jackech, R.v., acetonuria, 680.J a c k s o n , A. W., colemanite, 358, 876.battery, 468.J a c k s o n , C. L., reduction of camphorto borneol, 991.Jackson, C. L., and G. T. H a r t s -horn, action of chromium hexafluo-ride on benzoic acid, 1224.J a c k s o n , C. L., and A. E. Menke,action of phosphorous trichloridt: onaniline, 254.-- substances obtained fromturmeric, 271.Jacobsen, J. O., degeneration of yeast,102.J a c o b sen, O., bromosubst itution-de-rivatives of paraxylene, 518. - bromosubstitution-derivatives oforthoxylene, 142.- constitution of the benzene-tetra-carboxylic acids, 166. - formation of hydrocarbons by thereversal of Friedel and Craft’s reac-tion, 516. - monochlorometaxylene, 1052.Jacquemin, G., estimation of cyano-gen in gaseous mixtures, 933.- preparation of cjanogen, 880.J a c q u e t , E., use of antmony oxalateJaderholm, A., study of metabmo-J a hn, H., validity of Joule’s law for-- work done iu the decomposition ofJ a h n s , E., eucalyptol, 394.James, F.L., deposition of silver onglass, 616.James, J. W., action of chlorine onethyl thiocyanate, 365. - ethyl acetoacetate, TRANS., 1. - preparation of ethylene chloro-thiocyauate and /3-chlorethyisulphonicacid, TRANS., 365. - taurine-derivatives, TRANS., 367.J a n nasc h, P., monobromoparaxylene,251. - percentage of water in clinoclase,642.Janovsky, J. V., products of the re-duction of nitrazo-compounds, nitrolicacids, 1131. - reduction of nitro-azo-compoundsand azo-nitrolic acids, 789.Janovsky, J.V., and L. Erb, inter-mediate reduction products of nitro-azo-compounds, 894.J a p p , F. R., and N. H. J. Miller,additive and condensation compoundsof diketones with ketones, TRANS.,11.J a p p , F. R., and M. E. Owens, con-densation compounds of benzil withethyl alcohol, TRANS, 90.in printing, 1276.globin, 407.electrolytes, 1029.electrolytee, 11001298 INDEX OF AUTHORS.5 a w o r s k i, W., behaviour of carbonicanhydride, oxygen, and ozone in thehuman stomach, 280.J a y , ash determinations, 598. - detection of coal-tar colours in- dry extract, 602. - substance employed to colour- vinicolore, 710.J e a n n e l . See Grasset.J eusen, H. 0.) formation of nitro-prussides without the use of nitricacid, 739.Jensen, J.L., protection of potatoesagainst disease, 1154.JeremBeff, P..W., Russian caledoniteand linarite, 1186.J o a n n i 8, copper oxides, 872.Joannis. See also Debray.J o b s t, J. v., preparation and utilisationof grape-seed oil, 710.J o d i c k e . See Knorr.J o r gt: n sen, 5. M., chromammoniumcompounds and iuteochromium salts,23. - cobalt-ammonium compounds, 874. - roseocobalt salts, 726.Johannson, E., detection of colo-cynthine, elaterine, and bryonine, 606.J o h a n s s o n , J. E., behaviour of serumalbumin towards acids and neutralsalts, 913.J o h n s o n , G., tests for albumin inurine, 845.Johnson, G. S., modification ofDumas' method for the estimation ofnitrogen, 189.J o h n s o n , J.(3.) poisoning by canned. goods, 1016.J o l y , A., action of boric acid on some- crystdlised hydrate of phosphoric- preparation of arsenic acid, 8'71. - saturation of phosphoric acid bybases, 348.Jones, E. J., decomposition of a-metliplpropyl-B-hydroxybutyric acidby heat, 376.Jdnsaon, B., effects of running wateron plants, 410.J o r i s s e n , A., germination of linseedand sweet almonds, 181.J o ul i e. H., estimation of phosphoricacid in commercial products, 931.J o u r d a n , F., new synthesis of deriva-tives of hydroacridine and acridine,987.Jowanowitsch, K., decomposition oftartaric acid in the presence of gly-cerol, 1125.wines, 298.wines, 309.colouring matters, 440.acid, 482.Junemann, manufacture of sugar andpurification of beet-juice by means ofmagnesia and alumina, 1021.J u l i e , method of hardening plaster,707.J u l i u s .See Benedict.J u n g c k , M., the Siemens-Martin pro-cess, 98.J us 1 in, W., normal a-hydroxyvalericacid, 137.J u s t , F.: method for introducing nitro-genous radicles into ethyl malonate,613.K.K a b 1 o u k off, glycide of hexylic gly-cerol, 647.Kachler, J., and F. V. Spitzer, cam-phoronic acid, 59, 807. -- the so-called campholenicacid, 173.Kahlbaum, G. W. A., dependence ofboiling point and pressure, 1176. - reimtive indwes of the threemethyl acrylates, 1173.Kalmann, W., and A. Smolka, esti-mation of manganese in spiegeleisen,ferromanganese, &c., 690.Kamensky, G., electric conductivityof copper-antimony alloys, 323.K am nit z er, I., medicinal propertiesof the root bark of the pomegranate,850.Kannonikoff, J., specific refractiveenergy, 1.- refractive power of chemical com-pounds, 949.Kantz. See Claus.Kastanecki. See Bistrzycki.Kauder, E., action of phosphoric chlo-ride on succinyl cornpounds and ontartaric acid, 651.Kawakita. See Divers.Kayser, H., condensation of carbonicanhydride on glass, 214.Kayser, R., cttse'in glue, a substitutefor gum arabic, 1024.._- substances contained in saffron,59.Keeler, J. E., absorption of radiantheat by carbonic anhydride, 626.Kees. See Tiemann.Keiser. See Morse, Remsen.KekulB. See Anschutz.Keller, P., cyanmethine, 961.Kellner, 0.) aiid J.Sawsno, changesiii fodder during ensilage, 1087.Kemp, W. J., decomposition of sodawaste by mesna of carbonic anhy-dride, 1017LVDEX OF AUTHORS. 1299E e n n g o t t, A., nephrite from Jordans-miihl in ~ilesia, 1119. - priceite, colemsnito, and pander-mite, 1117.K e n t , W. H., and B. Tollens, milk-sugar and galactose, 647.Kerthsz, A., detection of magenta inextract of archil, 1015.E e s s l e r . See Gorboff.K i 1 i a ni, H., galactonic acid, 967.. - isosacchwin, 7pP, - metasaccharin, 745.- trihydroxyadipic acid, 967.Kimball, J, P., spe&r iron ores ofCuba, 356.Kinch, E., composition of the food ofScotch hill sheep, 291.Kingzett, C. T , rape-oil, beef fat, andmutton dripping, 444.Kinkelin, F., preparation of meta-nitrocinnamaidehyde, 791.Kinkelin.See also Miller.K i n n i c u t t , L. P., and R. C. Sweet-ser, Schulze’s process for the deter-mination of the halogens in aromaticcompounds, 1010.K ir c h n e r and others, ensilage experi-ments with various fodders, 422.Kirchner. See Wiist.l i i s s e l , constitution of nitroparaffins,364.Kleemann, S., method of preparingdiacetyl cyanide, 505.Kleemann, S., and W. Wense, a-di-amidophenanthraquinol, 1240.Klein, D., action of tellurous and tel-luric acids on paratungstates, 218.Klein, D., and‘ J. Morel, action ofnitric acid on tellurium, 16. - -- action of water and nitricacid on basic tellurium nitrate, 17. -- telluriouc, anhydride, 870.li 1 e in, G., adulteration of linseed cakeand rape cake, 425.- experiment a with manures contain-ing thiocyanates, 76.Klein, W., optical modifications pro-duced in crystals by the action ofheat, 622.KlemenbiP, I., dielectric constant ofcertain gases and vapours, 1030.K l e n z e, digestibility of cheese, 1252.Klinger, H., and X. P i t s c h k e , oxi-dation of paratoluidine, 151. -- siegburgite, 220.Elingemann. See Anschutz.Klobukoff, N. v., alkaline tetrathi-onates, 1110. - apparatus for the determination ofvapour - densities Ict low tempera-tures, 9.Klobukoff, N. v., estimation of va-pour-densities of liquids of high boil-ing point, 9.- relation between molecular struc-turo and absorption of light, 1173.- volumetric estimation of sulphur,ll.5Y-K l o p sc h, R., benzo-#?-naphthylamideand p-dinaphthylamine, 990.Kluge, P., mono- and di-chloro-xylene : chloropzaxylidine, 1208.Kn-app, F., preparation of ultrama-rine blue from silica, M7.Knauer, F., and others, peculiaritiesand cultivation of the beet-seed, 587.E n i e r i e m , W.v., ashilation of cel-lulose, 916.Knop, A., aiigites of the KaiserstuhlMountains, 734.Knop, W., remarks on the. malysis ofsoils, 193.K n o r r , L., action of ethylic diaceto-succinate on ammonia, 994. - action of. ethylic diacetosuccinateon ammonia and primary mines,554. - mtim of ethylic diacetosuccinateon phenylhydrazine, 995. - synthesis of furfurane-derivativesfrom ethjlic diacetosuccinate, 247.K n o r r , L., and 0. Antrick, constitu-tion of quinoline, 273.K n o r r , L., and A.Blank, action ofethylic acetobeaealacetate on phenyl-hydrazine, 810, -- action of ethylic benzoylaoe-t a b on phenylhydrazine, 555.K n o rr, L,, and F. Jo d i c k e, action ofethylic nitrobenzoylacetoacetates onpheny lhy drazine, 1247.K n o r r e , G. v., paratungstates, 1184. - tungstates of barium, strontium,acd calcium, 486.Knorre, G. v., and P. Olschewskj,potassium and sodium salts of anti-monk acid, 1184.K n o r r e . See also I l i n s k i .K n u d s en, P., phenglethenylamid-- derivatives of phenylethenylamid-K o b 0 r t, R., constituents of ergot ofEoch, A., new locality for vivianite,Koch, F., analysis of TransylvanianKoch, L., manuring experiments withKoch. See also Curtius.Koechlin, H., new chrome mordant-oxime, 897.oxime, 1218.rye, 821.731.minerals, 735.Chili saltpetre, 187.ing process: 2081 :No INDEX OF AUTHORS.Kohler, H., formation of antliracene,806.Kohnlcin, B., exchange of chlorine,bromine, and iodine between inorganicand organic compounds, 35.Kolliker, A., derivatives of triphenyl-carbinyl bromide, 990.Iionig, F., analysis of cotton seeds,425.Konig, G.A., orthite from Virginia,229.Konig, J., a new germinator, 419.- investigation of bone meal, 851. - manuring experiments, 1009. - poisonous effects of ammoniumthiocyanate, 76.Konig, J., and others, ensilage andacidification .of green fodder, 183.Kiinigs, W. See Comstock, F e e r ,GFeigy.Korner. See Fischer, Weddige.Kohlrausch, F., electric conductivityof water, 323.Kohlrausch, 0.) preparation ofsugar from Sorghum saccharaturn,1021.Kohlstock. See Claus.Kohn.See Nolting.K o h n s t e i n , B., determination of freesulphuric acid in vinegar, 933.K o h n s t e i n , B., and F. Simand, de-termination of the free acids containedin tannin liquor, 935.Kolbe, H., chemical constitution ofisatin, 665. - isatin, 58.I_ preparation of anthranilic acid,Kolenko, B., pseudomorphs of horn-K o l l e r t , J., electrhity of flame, 2.Kolliker. See Allen.l i o l o t o f f , action of amines on meth-aldehyde, 647.Kondakoff, T., action of chlorine ontrimethylethylene, 736.K o n o n o w i t z, N., isopropyiallyl dime-thy1 carbinol, 49’7.Koosen, J.H., depolarisation of anelectric cell by bromine, 3.Koreff. See Goldschmidt.Korn, O., diiiaphthyldiquinone, 392.Kosmann, clays, 1020.Kossel, A., adenine, 1080. - guanine, 286. - new base occurring in the animalorganism, 566. - peptone-like constituent of the cellnucleus, 572.Xostanecki, 5. v., and 5. Niemen-t o w s k i, isomeric dihydroxydimethpl-nnthraquinones, 1240.159.blende after olivine, 1188.K o s t a n e c k i , S. v., and S. Niemen-t o w s k i, synthesis of nitrococcusicacid, 531.K r a f f t , F., and T. B r u n n e r , residueobtained by the distillation of castoroil in a vacuum, 373.Krakau, A., action of alkalis on cin-chonine and other cinchona alkalo‘ids,1081.K r a n z f e l d . See Bamberger.K r a t s c h me r, carbohydrates in humanliver, 679.K r e b s, G., an elementary demonstra-Lion of Avogadro’s law, 13.E r ec h el, G., analysis of white carrotfodder, 292.K r e c k e l e r , K., and B.Tollens,methylhydroxyglutaric acid from le-vulinic acid, 1202.Kremser, W., variations in rainfall,425.K r e n n e r , A., minerals of the cryolitegroup from Greenland, 27.K r e n n e r , J., optical properties ofallacite, 731.E r e n n e r , J. A., orpiment and realgarfrom Bosnia, 730. - stibnite from Japan, 221.Er e u s 1 e r, U., quantitative estimationK r e y s l e r, E., phosphates of the- reactions of the phosphates of theKrippendorf f, F., hydroxycomazine,Krohn, L. M., analpsis of red wine byK r u g e r , A., monochoro-xylenes andKriiger, P., derivatives of benzengl-Kriiger.See also Tiemann.Kriiss, G., copper peroxide, 124. - influence of temperature on spec-troscopic observations, 209. - quantitative spectrum analysis,835. - relation between the compositionand absorption spectra of organiccompounds, 949. - standardising solutions of potas-sium. permanganate, 1013.Kruis, C., reducing power of certainsugars, 1013.Krukenberg, C. F. W., chemicalconstitution of cwtilage, 405. -- conchiolin, 826.Krukenberg, C. F. W., and H.Wagner, carnine, 674.-__ composition cf the contra tiletissuej, 920.of nitrogen, 430.phenols, 1054.aromatic series, 1055.1243.means of electrolysis, 298.their oxidation products, 1053.amidoxime, 895INDEX OF AUTHORS. 1301Kubierschky, C., thiophosphoricacids, 632.Kuckert, O., action of alkylamines onethyl acetoacetate, 751.Kudelka, P., and N.H o l l r u n g ,large and small hulled beet-root seed,832.K u g e l gen, A. v., detection of sanguin-arine and chelidouine, 608.Kiihn, B., action of phenyl isocyanateon arnido-compounds, 260, 979..Kuhne, W., and R. C h i t t e n d e n ,new forms of albumose, 278.K u 1 z, E., action of trichlorethyl- tludtrichlorobutyl-alcohol in the animalorganism, 283. - cystone, 140. - new lmorotatory substance(pseudohydroxybutyric acid) , 284.K u n d t, A, electromagnetic rotation ofthe plane of polarisation of light byiron, nickel, aud cobalt, 5.K u n t z e, L., parallel experiments onpeat dust and Chili saltpetre aa ma-nures for augar-beet, 429.K u n z, J., manufacture of milk-sugar inSwitzerland, $48.L.L a a r , C., possibility of several etruc-t u r d formulee for the same chemicalcompound, 722.L ach, B., shaded and unshaded sugar-beets, 1155.- treating vegetable tallow, 1275. - valuation of ozokerite, 1266.Lath. See also Degener.Lachowicz, B., and M. Nencki,paraheemoglobio, 1351.L a Coste, W., estimation of vapour-densities at a diminished pressure,1180. - quinoline iodides, 814.La Coste, W., and J. Bodewig,methylfor mylorthamidochlorohenzoicacid and methylpseudochlorisrttin, 792.Lacroix, A., accidental fornuition ofcerusite crystals on %man coins,224. - artificial gypsum crystals, 226. - diagnosis of zeolites, 1187. - wulfenite from Beaujolais, 226.Ladenburg, A., derivatives of di-- synthetical pyridine and piperidineLadenburg, A., and C.F. R o t h ,methylpiperidine, 565.bases, 992.commercial picoline, 557.L a d e n b u r g , A., and C. F. R o t h ,isolation of the so-called a-iutidine,815. -- a new lutidine, 994.Ladureau, A., ammoniacal ferment,- sugar-beet and phosphates, 1157.Laf on, I?., new reaction for code‘inc,- new reaction of digitaline, 1014.Lafont,. See Bouchardat.Lcbgarde. See T h o u l e t .Lagorio, A., crystallographic form ofhemin, 567.L a i 11 e r, A., elimination of phosphoricacid in the urine in insanity andepilepsy, 73.Lajoux. See Grandval.L a n d o 1 t, H., laboratory apparatus,481.L a n d r i n , E., adulteration of pepperwith olive residues, 451.L a n d s h o f f , L., preparation of naph-thylamine compounds, 312.Landwehr, H.A., assimilation (re-sorption) of fat, 999.Lang, E., diisobutylketine, 963.Lang, J., bauxite from Langedorf,357.Langbeck, H. W., detection of adul-terated essential oils, 599.L a n gel M., formation of rosaniline bythe nitrobenzene process, 1130.Langer, C., and V. Meyer, density ofsulphurous anhydride a t a white heat,950.L anger, J., isomeric thiophensulphonicacids, 765, 887.L a n g l e b e r t , A., Convallaria majatis(lily of the valley) 271.Langley, S. P., amount of atmosphericabsorption, 319.L a r k i n , T., new sulphate furnace,1268.Larsen. See E l b s .Lasaulx, A. v., pseudomorphs afterrutile, 28.Lasch, K., sodium nitroprusside as areagent for sugars, 600.Lauber, E., ‘( red spots” in light rosedye, 108.Lauber, E., and C.Weinreb, chro-mium chlorate, 12’72.Lauch, R., preparation of additiveproducts of hypochlorous acid, 1194.Laujorrois,. potassium dichromste asan antiseptic, 704.L a u t h, C., moulding of porcelain, 307.L a we s, Sir J. B., ensilage, 1088, 1255.Lawes, Sir J. B., and J.H. G i l b e r t ,composition of soils, fertility of theManitoba prairie soils, TRANS., 380.181.10951302 INDEX OF AUTHORS.Lawes, Sir J. B., and J. H. G i l b e r t ,continuous growth of wheat a t Rot-hamsted from 1864-1883, 683.Lawson, T. A., action of diazo-wm-pounds or 8-napb thylamine, 808. - a-,8-&amidonaphthalene, 1238.L a z a r us, M.G., fmtional distillation ina current of steam, 716, and PROC., 46.Lazarus. See dso Friedlander.Lea, M. C., cornbinations of silversalts with colouring matters, 611. - combinations of silver chloride,bromide, and iodide with colouringmatters, 350.L e a t h e r . See Anschiitz.Lebedeff,reductimofcetyliodide,736.L e Bel, J. A., and M. Wassermann,reduction of hexahydric alcohols, 1046.L e Canu, J. A., compound of ethylacetate with calcium chloride, 371.L e c h a r t i e r , G., application of thedensimeter to cider must, 842. - employment of cider mark asmanure and fodder, 834. - em ployment of potash manures inBrittany, 83.L e C h a t e I i e Y, H., chemical reactionsin the setting of hydraulic mortar, 306.- decomposition of salts by water, 630. - dissociation of chlorine hydrate,474. - laws of solution, 3p0, 473. - general state of the laws of chem-Ledebur, A., crucible steel, 616. - oxidation and reduction, 631.L e ed s, A. R., composition and methodsof analysis of human milk, 282.L e ff man n, H., examinations of butter,196.L e f o r t , J., arsenic in mineral waters,232.Lhger, E., phenolphthaleyn as an in-dicator, 931.Lehmaiin, C., effects of alkalis andacids on respiration, 279.L e h man n, O., crystallisation, 215.7 melting points of substances incontact, 33@. - spontaneous change of form ofhomogeneous solid subdtances, 1033.Lehmann, T., estimation of alkalis inurine, 609.Lo hmann, V., self-fermentation ofyeast, 1151.Lellmann, E., constitution of dinitro-paraxylenes, 973.- general method for determiningthe constitution of nromatic diamines,976.ical equilibrium, 117.7- toluylenediamine, 976. - theory of benzeue, 251.Lellmann, E., and R. Grothmann,derivatives of salicylic acid, 265.Lellmrtnn, E., and E. W i i r t h n e r ,chemical behavjonr of aromatic andfatty diamines, 977. -- new nitrotoluidine, 974.Lem berg, K., formation and alterationof eilicates, 1187,L e No b e 1, new terpene, 668._I testing for acetone in scetonuria,449.L e n z, W., titrations with potassiumpermanganate solution, 598. - pepper powder, 701.Leo, H., formation and migration offat in phosphorus poisoning, 1002.Lkon-Soubeiran, J., wood oil fromCochin China, 394Lepke.See Zulkowsky.Lhpine, R., and P. Aubert, relativetoxic effect of the organic and salineconrstituenfs of uiine, 1085.Leplay, H., selective fermentation ofinvert sugar, 1152. - vegetation of the mgar-beet in thesecoiid year, 293.L e p s i u 8, B., dissolved oxygen in deepwell waters, 1266.L e r ch, J. U., chelidonic acid, 45.L e Ro ux, F. F., inversion of the elrctro-motive force of a copper-iron junct’iona t a high temperature, 110.L e u c k a r t , R., reactions of aromaticcyanates, 773, - symmetrical and unsymmetricaldimetliylsuccinic acids, 1200. - tribenzylamine, 1215.L e u c k a r t , R., and M. Schmidt, ac-tion of phenyl cyanate on phenols,1224.Levallois, A., estimation of fragrantessential oils, 301. - optical activity of cellulose, 369.- rotatory power of solutions ofcellulose in Bchweizer’s solution, 500.L evi, L., benzylhydroxyanthranol,1240.Levinstein, I., preparation of nitro-derivatives of aromatic amines, 1127.Levy, S., constitution of chloranilicacid, 1210.Lewis, H. C., American locality forhelvine, 227.Lewis, J. W., crystalline form ofmiargyrite, 1116.Leymann, H., action of p-chlor-ethylenesulphonic chloride on aniline,786.L’H o t e, purifkation of zinc containingarsenic, 307.Lidoff, A., formationof hydroxylamine,722INDEX OF AUTHORS. 1303L i d o f f, A., solubility of fibro’iu, 406.Lieben. See H a i t i n g e r .L i e benberg, A. v., influence of inter-mittent heat on the germbat.ion ofseeds, 419.Liebermann, C., behaviour of a-naph-thaquinone arid benzoquinone towardssulphuric acid, 802.- cochineal and carmine, 10’76. - constitution of alkyl hydroxy-anthranols, 1240. - oxyquinoterpene, 1075. - the wax and fat of cochineal,1045.Liebermann, C., and S. v. Kos-t a n e c k i, reactions dependent onposition, 1209.Liebermann, L., estimation of milkfat, 695.L i e b i sc h, T., apparatus for measuringthe angle of the optic axes, 622.Liebscher, G., bitter milk, 105. - cultivation of awedish and Germancereals, 422.L_ cultivation of various sugar-beets,424. - manuring sugar-beet, 429.L i e c h t i , L., and W. Suida, behaviourof different ferric oxide mordantswith silk, 315. -- composition of Turkey-redoil, 315.L i m p r i c h t , H., azobenzene-thiosul-phonic and -sulphinic acids, 984.- hydrazine-compounds, 1216. - nitrotoluidines, 974.I_ oxidation of amidobenzene-sul-phonic acids, 984. -- sulphonic and disulphonic acids,1232.Li n d e t, L., gold phosphobromides m dphosphochlorobromides, 1115.L i n d n er, J., bromonitrophenols andtheir amido-derivatives, 774.L i n d t , O,, microchemical test for bru-cine and strycbnine, 449.L innemann, E., absorption phenomenaof zircons, 1173. - extraction of zirconia and thequalitative composition of zircons,1042. - oxidation of propylene oxide, 1044.Linossier, G., volumetric estimationLinossier. See also Cazeneuve.Lipp, A., methylated indoles, 167.Lipp. See also Schneider.Lippmann, E., action of benzoicperoxide on amylene, 366.Lippmann, E., and F.F l e i s s n e r .of iron, 841).cyanhydrins of nitroso-compounds;1212.Lippmann, E. v., and others, pre-paration of sugm from molasses, 102.Lippmann, E. 0. v., non-identity ofarabinose and galactose, 41. - occurrence of leucine and tyrosinein beetroot molasses, 245.Livache, A., preparation of standardsolutions of carbon bisulphide, 84.Liveing, (3. D., and J. Dewar, spec-tral lines of metals developed by ex-ploding gmes, 317. -- spectroscopic studies ongaseous exploaions, 465.L j u bavin, N., investigation of a salt-petre earth frotn Turkestan, 128.L 1 o J’ d, J. U., separation by capillaryattraction, 477.Lloyd, R. See Xabery.L o b r y d e Briiyn, C. A., action ofhydrocyanic acid and of dilute sul-phuric acid on aldol, 240.- action of potassium cyanide onmetadinitrobenzene, 656. - action of potassium cyanide onortho- and para-dinitrobenzene, 657. - identity of the two ortho-positionsin the benzene nucleus, 972. - propenylglycollic acid, 242. - propionic acid and 00me of itsderivatives, 963.- replacement of the N02-group byan oxy-alkyl group, 657.Locz ka, J., smithsonite from PelsoczArd6, 730. - wollastonite from RBzbBnya,’134.L o d g e, O., seat of the electromotiveforce in the voltaic cell, 1027.Lodin, brown coal of Istria and Dal-matia, 125. - new mineral from Godemas,230.Loeb, M., action of carbonyl chlorideon ethenyldiphenyldiamine, 1213.Lob be c k e, manuring experiments withprecipitated phosphate, 429.Loe.bee Plochl.Lofasz, J. F., separation of kainitefrom rock salt, 614.Loew, B., microchemical detection ofnucleh, 610.Loew, O., albumin and its oxidation,823. - different degrees of resistance inprotoplasm, 827. - poisonous action of hydroxylamine,830.Low, W., action of fuming nitric acidon paraxylene bromide, 1208. - indigocarboxylic acid, 799.Lowe, J., use of lime-water in zincgasometers, 8351304 IXDEX OF AUTHORS.L o h s e, O., isocliromatic gelatine plates,612.Lommel, E., a freezing apparatus,5. - variation of induction machines,1098.Long, J. H., phenolphthale’in as anindicator, 835.Longi, A,, estimation of nitrogen insaps, &c., 1092._I voliimetric estimation of nitricacid, 595.L o n g mor e, J., preparation of a dye-st& from cotton-seed oil, 108.L opa t k in, M., action of ally1 iodideand zinc on epichlorhydrin, 497.L o r e nz e n, analyses of metallic ironfrom Greenland, 639.Lorin, a particular case of catalyticaction, 481,Losanitsch, 5.M., direct replacementof the amido-group in aromaticamines by halogens, 521.Lossen, W., structure of hydroxyl-amine-derivatives, 895.Louguinine, W., heats of combustionof certain carbon oompounds, 327. - heats of cornbustion of etherealsalts of fatty acids, 327.LovBn, J. M., some new sulpho-deri-vatives of the fatty acids, 241.Lowe. See Dixon.Luchsinger. See Glause, Hess.Ludeking. See Wheeler, Wiede-Ludwig, R., hydroxybenzaldehyde andLudwig. See also Classen.L u e g er, clarification of turbid river-Lumpp. See Hell.Lundin, E., estimation of arsenic inironand iron oree, 838.Lunge, G., density of sulphuric acid,216.- estimation of pohsium perman-ganate and of pyrolusite by means ofhydrogen peroxide, 1162. - existence of gaseous nitrous anhy-dride, TRANS., 457. - modification of the nitrometer foruse as a ureometer, &c., 1267. - reaction between nitric oxide andoxygen, TRANS., 465. - recovery of sulphur from hjdrogensulphide, 454. - reducing action of coke on nitricacid, 936. - solubility of nitric oxide in sul-phuric acid, 954.Lunge,G.,V. Meyer,andE.Schulze,fuse1 oil i r i spirit, 708.mann.coumaric acid, 663.water, 198.L u p t o n, N. T., analyses of bituminouscoals from Alabama, Tennessee, andKentucky, 1185.- meteoric iron from Coahiula,Mexico, 880.L u z z a t t o , M., Liebig’smethod for theestimation of carbamide, 610.Lwoff and Chkchoukoff, uction ofhydrochloric acid on isopropenyl car-binol, 647.L y t e, F. M., sodium aluminate, 638.M.Maas, I€., B x c h m a n n and Was-m u n d, putrefaction alkaloids inboiled meat, 676.Maben. See Declian.Mabery, C. F., B-bromotetrachloro-propionic acid, 508.Mabery, C. F., and R. Lloyd, o(- and/3-chlorodibromacrylic acids, 510.Mabery,C.F.,and H. H.Nicholson,p-dibromo-dichloropropionic acid andB-bromodichloracrylic acid, 507.Mabery, C. F., and G. H. Palmer,orthiodotoluenesulphonic acid, 538.Mc Cay, L. W., reduction of arsenicacid solutions by means of sulphurousanhydride, 634.- Reichert’s method of butter ana-lyses, 197.MacEwan, P., detection of phenol increasote, 1013. - testing Yeruvian balsam, 602.M c G o w a n, G., tricl~lorethylsulphonicacid and the derivatives of methyl-sulphonic: acid, 367.Machenhauer, F., preparation of a,yellow rosaniline dye, 310.McKelvey, J. W., eiiiceous earth fromMorris Co., New Jersey, 361.Mackey. See Mills.Mackintoeh, J. B., analysis of titaniciron from Brazil, 878. - estimation of graphite in minerals,689. - volumetric estimation of manga-nese : influence of organic matter andiron, 85.Mackintosh. Bee also Hidden.M c L e o d, H., sunshine recorder, 320.MacMunn, C. A., chromatology of the- enterochlorophyll, 1242.Madan, H. G., refractive power ofmetacinnamene, PBOC., 106.Miihly.See F r i e d l a n d e r .Marc k e r, M., Chili saltpetre or ammo-nium sulphate, 1156.actinire, 1251INDEX OI?Marcker, M., frothy fermentation,- manurial value of peat waste, 687. - loss of weight in the ensilage of- potash manures for potatoes, 83. - properties of malting barley, 1169. - Sidney guano, 429. - solution of wool-dust, 428. - value of sugar as food for stock,ll49.Marcker, M., and others, drying ofMiircker. See also Beseler.Magnaghi. See Ciamician.Mairet, P i l a t t e , and Combemale,action of antiseptics on higher organ-isms ; iodine and silver nitrate, 1253.-. - - action of antiseptics onhigher organisms : thymol, 1085.Maisch, H. C. C., stearopten fromessence of patchouli, 394.Malbot.See Duvillier.M a l l a t , A., determination of starch ingluten bread, 445.Mallet, F. R., native lead and chro-mite from the Andaman Islands, 1185.Mallet, J. W., meteoric iron fromWichita Co., Texas, 493.Maly, It., andesite from Trifail, inSteiermark, 735. - oxidation of albumin, 824.Mandelin, I(. F., aconitine, 911.Mangin. See Bonnier.Manhks, P., extraction of nickel andMann, C., test for citric acid, 843.Mann. See also Claus.Mann, P., chemical composition ofaugites from phonolites and similarrocks, 34.1168.beet leaves, 423." diffusion cuttings," 79.cobalt from their ores, 204.Manoury. See Fromentin.Manzoni, (3. S., chromium and alumi-nium sulphates, 725. - preparation of sodium hyposul-phite, 723.Maquenue, sulphur liberated by thedecomposition of hydrogen persul-phide, 1037.Maquenne.See also DehBrain.Marc ano, V., peptonic fermentation,Marcano. See also Muntz.Mare c k, F., electrolytic preparation ofnitrogen chloride, 347.Margary, L., derivatives of a- andp-naphtholazobenzene, 546. - synthesis of dyes on tissues, 710,Margot t e t.Marignac, C., and also 0. Lehman,Mark own i kof f, V., astrakhanite, 732. - Turkestari manna, 943.181.See H a u t e f e u i 11 e.crystallisation, 215.AUTHORS. 1305Marquard, G., Japanese bronzes,M a r t i n o n, action of hydrogen per-- estimation of hydrogen peroxide,- reducing action of hydrogen per-Marx, L., comparison of the barleys ofMason, W. P., viscosity of oils, 196.Mas sol.Masson. See Dobbin, Hay.M as 11 re, F., evaporation of water intothe atmosphere, 1260.Mathieu-Plessy.E., acetic acid andalkaline thiosulphates, 1038.Maugini, F., meteoric sand, 231.Maumenk, E. J., alleged elective fer-- decomposition of cupric! oxide by- existence of manganese in plantsMauthner, J., cystine, 822.May er, A., feeding value of variousroots, 1259. - valuation of hay by chemicalanalysis, 699.Mayrhofer, estimation of nitric acidin potable water, 691.Mazzara, G., action of potasaiumnitrite and phenols on diamido-triphenylmethane, 800.- azo-derivatives, 904. - constitution of phenylazothymol,- diamidotriphenylmethane, 904. -- phenylazocarvacrol and diphenyl-a.zocarvacro1, 1138.Mazzara, G., and (3. P o s e t t o , azo-derivatives of thymol, 893.-- diamidomethoxy triphenyl-methane, 1141.Mebus, E. A., and J. W. D e c a s t r o ,preparation of strontium carbonate,1269.Me d i c u s, detection of saccharose inwine, 693.Mkhu, C., examination of urine foralbumose and peptone, 451.Meldola, R., constitution of the haloTdderivativesof naphthalene, T B A N S . , ~ ~ ~ . - secondary and tertiary azo-com-pounds, TRANS., 657.Melikoff, homologues of glycidic acid,650.Mendeleef f, D., distillation of Anie-rican petroleum, 708. - phenomena of condensation, 114.- specific gravity of sulphuric acid,204.oxide on phenols, 658.430.oxide, 1036.different countries, 422.See LBon-S ou beiran.mentation, 1085.heat, 124.and animals, 421.1131.1211306 INDEX OF AUTHORS.Mendini, D., monobromo- and dibromo-citraconimide, 1126.Menges, C.L. R. E., apparatus forbreaking electric circuit in an atmo-sphere of hydrogen, 3.Menke. See Jackson.Mennel, E., nitrogenous derivatives ofcomenic acid, 1203.Wenzies, W. J., purification of sul-phuric acid, 304.Merck, E., cocai'ne, 565.Merck, W., artificial coca'ine, 1249.- benzoylecgonine, 997.Mering, J. v., physiological action ofpotassium chlorate, 1002.Mering. See also Thierfelder.Merz. See (rasiorowski.Mess e r sc h m i t t, J. B., spectrophoto-metric observations, 1097.Messinger, J., thioxylen from coal-tar, 767, 1052, 1205.M e u n i er, J., benzene hexabromide,1126. - benzene p-hexachloride, 518. - isomeride of benzene hexachloride,-new modes of formation of catc-Meunier, S., deposit from a spring a t- synthesis of anorthite, 960.M eyer, A.B., unwrought jadeite fromMeyer, E. v., isatoic acid, 666. - action of ethyl chlorocarbonate onnitrogenous organic compounds, 140.Meyer, E. v. See also Riess.Meyer, P., earth-nut and rye-meals asfood for milch cows, 1252.Meyer, L., and A. Schenfelen, chlo-rine and bromine carriers, 1182.Meyer, L., and K. Seubert, atomicweight of silver : Prout's hypothesis,TRANS., 434. --- - unit adopted for the atomicweights, TRANS., 426.Meyer, O., simple method of examiningyeast, 452.Meyer, I?. See Anschiitz.Meyer, V., constitution of thiophen-- preparation of pure thiophen, 141. - synthesis of thiophen, 515. - the thiophen-graup, 1051.- thitolen and thiophen, 887.Meyer, V., and G. G. Pond, physico-chemical experiments, 1033.Meyer, V., and 0. S t a d l e r , directpreparation of dibromothiophen fromcoal-tar benzene, 971. - - nitration of thiophen, 141. -- the thiophen-group, 250.52.chol, 1059.Carmaux, 644.Switzerland, 1188.derivatives, 763.Meyer,V. Seealso Langer, Lunge.Michael, A., the glucoside-group,521.Michael, A., and G. M. Palmer, ac-tion of sodium phenyleulphinate onmethylene iodide, 536. -- conversion of organic iso-cyanates into thiocarbimides, 526. -- properties of phenylsulphon-acetates, 986.Michael, A., and J. F. Wing, actionof methyl iodide on asparagine, 968. -- additive comnound ofphenylhydrazine and hydiogen chlo-ride, 963. -- optically inactive asparticacid, 377.Michael, R., carboxylic acids fromsynthetically prepared pyridine bases,60.- synthesis of pyridine-derivativesfrom ethyl acetoacetate, aldehTdes,and ammonia, 1244.Michaelis, A., acetone phosphoruscompounds, 747.Michaelis, A., and W. L a Coste,phenoxydiphenylphosphine, 1214. -- valency of phosphorus, 1182.M i c h a e l i s , A., and U. Yaetow,benzplarsines, 526.Michaelis, A., and H. v. Soden,anilides of orthophosphoric acid, 1134. -- triphenylphosphine and itsderivatives, 1134.Michaelis, C., electric conductivity ofimpure mercury, 322.M i c h a i l o f f, W., new reaction for albu-mino'ids, 198.Mic h e l - LQv y, determination of thedouble refraction of minerals, 621.Miers, H. A,, crystallography of bromo-strychnine, TRANS., 144.- crystallography of tricupric sul-phate, TRANS., 377.Mi ha i 1 o f f, animal colouring matters,676. - preparation of albumin, 69.Miklucho-Maclay, M. v., listwaenitefrom the Poroschajs Mountain nearNischne-Tagilak, 224. - rutile and cassiterite in the Greifen-stein granite, 1185.Miller, a-naphthaquinone, 66'7. - preparation of canarine, 365.Miller. See Doebner.Miller, A. K. See Armstrong.Miller, N. H. J.Miller, W. v., and F. K i n k e l i n , a-metadiquinoline, 114.4.Millot, A., oxidation of carbon in theelectrolysis of a solution of ammonia,1125.See J a p p &on, 329.- the numerics of the elements, 344~&€ills, E. J.,and W.M. Mackey, linesof no chemical change, 341.Milone, H., salts of salicylic acid,1139.Minangoin, N., cultivation of sorghumin France, 39.M i n k ow ski, O., hydroxybutyric acid indiabetic urine, 413.- occurrence of hydroxybutyric acidin the urine in cases of diabetesmellitus, 413.Minnigerode, B., the symmetry andelasticity of cryetds, 1105.M 6 h 1 a u, R., diphenylpseudomphi-phenacylnitrile, 560.Noehsin Bey Chanlaroff, butyro-lactone and a-ethglbutyrolactone, 374.Moller, H., respiration in plants, 832.Moller, W., law of emanation of lightfrom incandescent substances, 623.Mohl. See W i l l g e r o d t .Mohr, C., estimation of reverted phos-phoric acid, 688.Moissan, H., action of the inductionspark on phosphorous trifluoride, 215. - arsenic trifluoride, 121. - chromyl chloride, 628.- combination of bromine with phos-phorous trifluoride, 955. - phosphorus trifluoride, 15. - potassium chromocyanide, 338. - prepamtion of phosphorus tri-fluoride, 482.Molisch, H., deviation of roots fromthe normal direction of growth, 1153.Monari, A., new sulphonic acids, 970.M on d, L., recovery of hydrochloricacid as bye-product in the ammonia-soda process, 199.Moody, W., celestine, 458.Moore, G.E.,and V.v.Zepharovich,calaite, pseudomorphous after apatite,from California, 958.Moore, R. W., Hubl’s method for theexamination of oils and fats, 1014, - Koettstorfer’s method for the ex-amination of butter for foreign fats,300.Moore, T., separation of zinc fromnickel, 193.Morel. See Cazeneuve, Klein.M o r g e n, A., composition of inferiorhay, 292.Morin, H., action of cadmium on am-monium nitrate, 1039.Morley, H.F., and A. Gt. Green,action of zinc ethide on propylenechlorhydrin benzoate, TEANS., 134.INDEX OFMills, E. J., melting points and boilingDoints as related to chemical composi-AUTHORS. 1307Morley, H. F., and A. 8. Green,constitution of propylene chlorhy-drin. TRANS.. 132.Morris. See’B r o wn.Uorse, H. N., apparatus for the correctreading of gas volumes over water,1009. - determination of the value of zincdust, 1012.Morse, H. N., and E. H. Keiser, ap-paratus to determine the equivalentsof certain elements, 481.Moulton, C. W., estimation of nitricacid, 930.Muchall. See Claus.Miillenhoff, R., heat of formation offerrous sulphide, 950.Muller, feeding with dry and steepedmaize, 1149.M u l l e r and others, progress in metal-lurgy, 1167.Miiller, A., ahation of sewage throughpeat., 1268.Muller, A.See W i l l g e r o d t , Zim-mermann.Muller, G., benzenylamidoxime car-boxylic acid, 1227.Muller, EL, preparation of indigo, 850. - preparation of potassium sulphate,1268.Muller, H. W.Muller, M., purple of Cassius, 352.Muller, W., estimation of dextrose inMuller, X., Weiller’s siliconbronze,308.Muller-Erzbach, W., tension ofaqueous vapours of hydrated salts,213.See De la Rue.urine by the polarimeter, 702.Muller-Jacobs, A., determination ofthe nature of the crude oil in Turkey-red oil, 95.- Turkey-red oil, 313.Muenc ke. A., apparatus for preparingpure carbonic anhydride, 634.M u n t z, A., oxidation and reductionunder the influence of microscopicorganisms in the soil, 1152.- oxidation of iodine during nitrifi-cation, 870.Muller, A., action of carbonic anhy-dride on potassium chloride in pre-sence of amines, 1038. - extraction of amines from commer-cia1 methylamine, 501. - heats of formntion of salts of theamines, 7’16.M u n k, I., absorption, formation, andstorage of fat in animals, 827. - aseimilation of fate, 1148.Munk, J., and C. v. Voit, inftucnreof asparagine on the elimination ofaIbumin, 4121308 INDEX OF AUTHORS.Munro, J. M. H., ash of strawberries,- hlack soil from Manitoba, 834.Muntz, A., and E. Aubin, combus-tihle organic matter in the air, 118.Muntz, &,and C.Girard,alimentaryvalue of oats, 281. - -- digestibility of substancesused as food for horses, 282.Muntz, A., and V. Marcano, forma-tion of deposits of nitrates in tropicalregions, 1042.M u s p r a t t , E. K., and G. E s c h e l l -man n, preparation of potassiumchlomte, 17. -- preparation of sodium chlor-ate, 17.Mylius, F., a- and p-hydrojuglone, 169. - 11 .v drox y j uglon e , 803. - pipitzahoic aoid or perezone, 777.183.N.Pu’ageli. See Tiemann.N a hnsen, R., action of ethyl rhloro-carbonate and sodium amalgam ondinitrothiophen, 1207. - the thiophen group, 50. - 6-thiophenic acid, 51.Nasini, R., specific refraction in refe-rence to the double bond, 210.Nasini, R., and 0. Bernheimer, re-lation between refractive power andchemical constitution, 1097.Netanson, E.and L., dissociation ofnitrogen tetroxide, 862.N a t t e r e r , K., action of zinc ethyl ona-y-dichlorocrotonaldehyde, 4997. - dichlorether, 365.L- pard11 oraldehyde, 1196.N a t. t on, kols nuts, Sterclclia acocmi-nata, 712.Nau din, L., anthememe, a hydrocarbonfrom Roman chamomile, 37.Naumann, A., dissociation tension ofammonium carbarnate, 859.- Kahlbaum’s eo-termed specific re-misrion, 717.Naumann, A., and C. Pist.or, reduc-tion of carbonic anlqdride to carbonicoxide by carhon. 1036.Nay lor, W. A. H,, hymenodictyonine,565.Neesen, F., influence of magnetisationon the resistance of magnetic liquids,213.Nemirowskg, J., action of carbonylchloride on glycol chlorhydrin, 741.Nencki, M., albumin of the splenicfever bacilla, i77.Nencki, M., and Bourquin, rhodanicacid, 40.Nencki, M., and N.Sieber, colouringmetter of the blood, 69, 825.Nencki. See Lachowicz.Neugebauer, E. L., ethglicy-hydroxy-valerate and y-hydroxyvaleramide,651.Newbury, S. B., action of light onsilver chloride, 956. - specimens of nickel ore fromNevada, 489.Nicati,W., and Rietuch, odour andpoisonous effects of the products ofthe fermentation produced by thecomma bacillus, 180.Nichols, E. L., duration of colour irn-pressiom on the retina, 468.Nicholson. See Carpenter, Ma-bery.Nicol, W. W. J., boiling points of sa-line solutions, 331. - connection between pseudo-solu-tion and true solution, 115.- molecular volume of saline solu-tions, 334.- satnration of ealt solutions, 340.Niemeyer, M., chlorinated quinonesand quinols, 1065.Xietzki, R., end T. Benckiser, ben-zene-derivatives obtained by the ac-tion of carbonic oxide on potassium,1127. -- hexahydroxybenzene-deriva-tives and their relation to croconicand rhodizonic acids, 779. - - orthonitranilinesulphonicacid; new method of preparing or-thonitraniline, 635.Nietzki,R., and 0. (3011, azonaphtha-lene, 545.Nie m e n t o ws k i.N i k i t i n s k y , T,, determination of thequantity of ash in tea, 845.Nobel, A. B., and 8. F e h r e n b a c h ,preparation of sulphuric anhydride,1018.See K o s t a n e c k i.Nobel, Le. See L e Nobel.N o l t i n g , E., azylines, 895. - orthonitrobenzyl chloride, 52.- presence of isocyanates in the firstrunnings of the distillation of crudebenzene, 463.N o l t i n g , E., and T. Baumann, azo-derivatives, 385. - - deriyatives of cumidine andamidoazobenzene, 384. -- derivatives of pseudocumi-dine, 893. -- formation of yuinones, 892. -- quinonee, 390.N o l t i n g and Binder, diazninido-derivatives, 385IXDEX OF AUTHORS. 1309N b l t i n g and Forel, xylidines, 381.Niilting and Kohn, new cumidine,-- terephthalophenone, 389. -- tetramethylazyline, 386.N o l t i n g and W e i n g a r t n e r , colour-ing matter from paramidophenol,381. -- decomposition products ofacetanilide hydrochloride, 978. - - ethenyldiphenyldiamine, 384.Nolting, E., and E. W i l d , prepara-tion of mononitrophenols from theirprimary amines, 973.Nolting, E., and 0.N. W i t t , liquidbye-product in the preparation ofdinitrotoluene, 1095.Nordenskjold, A. E., uranium sili-cate from Garta, 1119.N o r d m a nn, E., ethenylaknidoxime andits deyivatives, 238. - paracarvacrokic aldehyde, 162.North, W., influence of bodily labouron the eliiination.of nitrogen, 412.N o r t o n , L. M., and A. W. Allen, ac-tion of dilute nitric acid on anilides,1213.Norton, L. M., and C. O:Prescott,continuous etherification, 496.N o t t a and Gt. Lugan, delxction ofmorphia in the mine, 447.Nuth, €I., action of paramidodimethyl-aniline QR aldehydes, 784.383.0.0 g b ta, If., poisonous nature of sulphur-ou8 anhydride, 577.0 i 8 hi, H., Japanese camphor oil, 270.Oliveri, V., action of nitrous anhy-dride on parabromaniline nitrate,78%.- estimation of. tartaric acid in wineleea, 843.Oliveri,V.,and A. Denaro, quassin,90%Oliveri. See also Canzoneri.Olivier, L., method of measuring thechemical effect of radiation, 319.Olschewsky. See K n o r r e .0 1s z.e w s Xi; K., liquefaction and so-lidification of methane and nibricoxide; 860. - liquid carbonic oxide, 14.-production of very 16w temperrt-tures, 1101. - solidification of nitrogen and car-bonk oxide, 475. - the use of boiling oqgen, nitro-gen, carbonic oxide, and atmosphericair for producing cold, 1101.VOL. XJIVIIJ.Osborne, T. B., separation of zinc and- separation of zinc in ores, 595.0 s m o n d, calorimetric study of t,hee&ct of tempering and hammeringon fused steel, 856.- colorimetric estimation of manga-nese, 690. - determination of small quantitiesof hydrogen sulphide, 688.Osmond and We-rth, cellular struc-ture of fused steel, 485.Ost, H., nitrogenous derivatives of me-conic acid, 42%.Ostermayer, E., action of iodinechloride on quinalines, &c., 672. - action of phosgene gas on quino-line, 672. - caffeine chloriodide, 1250. - diquinolines, 560. - iodated azo-colouring matters, 673. - methochlorides of pyridine andquinoline bases, 813.- niethiodideeof the quinoline series,672.Ostermayer, E., and W. H e n r i c h -s en, syntheses of a-diquinoline, 1’73.0 s t e r may er; E., and J. Ro se n h e k,derivatives of the isomeric dinaph-thols, 171.0 s t.e r s e t z e r, J., nitrogen in artificialmanures, 436.0 st w a1 d, W., electrochemical studies,1029. - electrical conductivity of acids, 3,323. - inversion of cane-sugar, 882. - trustworthiness of alternating cur-rents for measuring electrical resist-ance, 836.O t t , A., estimation o l albuminoids inurine, 461.0 t t, P., phenylhydroxypivalic acid,Otto, J. Gt., amount of sugar andreducing mbstlonces in blood, 827.0 t to, R., formation of sulphones fromalkylsulphonated acids of the seriesC,H,,O,, 536. - new synthesis of aromatic sul-phones, 535.Otto, R., and H. B e c k u r t s , pyrocin-chonic and dichloroltdipic acids froma -dichloropropionic acid, 753.O t t o , R., and H. Damkohler, disul-phones, 261, 537.Otho, R., snd A.Rossing, constitu-tion of the sulphinic acids, 1231.Otto. See also Beckurts.Owens. See J a p p .nickel, 593.863.4 1310 INDEX OF AUTHORS.P.P a a l , C,, metonylacetone, 505. - action of phosphoric selenide onacetonyl acetone, 1207. - derivatives of ethyl acetophenon-acetoacetate and of ethyl acetonyl-seetoacetate, 248. - synthesis of thiophene and pyrro-line-derivatives, 516. - synthesis of thiorylen-derivatives,1205.P a a l , C., and J. Tafel, thiophan fromerythrite. 763. -- thiophen from mucic acid,764.Pabst. See Girsr'd.P a d & See Dubois.Paetow. See Michaelis.Page, A. G., action of chlorine on or-ganic compounds in presence of inor-ganic chlorides, 36.Page, C. C., amazon stone horn AmeliaCo., Virginia, 130.Palmer.See H i l l , Mabery, Mi-chael.P a n a o tovic, W., paramethylisatoicacid, 666.P a r e n t i . See Schiff.P a r m e n t i e r . See C hanoel.P a r r y, J., spectroscopic examination ofthe vapours evolved on heating iron,318.Paschkis, H., occurrence of phyto-sterin, 291.P a s t e u r . See Eggeling.Paucksch, H., derivatives of amido-ethylbenzenes, 255.P a u l , B. H., and A. J. Cownley,cupreine and homoquinine, 997. -- new alkaldids of cuprea bai-k,563.Pavloffski, V., t'ransferring photo-graphs to porcelain or wood, 612.I? a w 1 e w s k i, B., paraxglene in Galicianpetroleum, 1126.P e c h m a n n, H. v., acetonedicarboxylicacid, 138. - constitution of ppridine-derivativesderived from coumalinic acid, 558.- syn thesis of pyridine-derivatives ;coumalinic acid, 175.P e c h m a n n , H. v., and J. B. Cohen,compounds of phenols with ethylacetoacetate, 56.Pechmann, H. v., and H. Stokes,action of nmmonia on ethyl acetone-dicarboxjlate, &c., 1202.Pechmann, H. v., and W. Welsh,yyridine-derivatives from malic acid,174, and TRANS., 14*5.See also D u n s c h ni an n. P e chmann.Peckham, S. F., origin of bitumens,488.Peligot, E., carbon biaulphide inaqueous solution as a remedy forphylloxera, 77.P e l l e t , H., animal charcoal in sugarrefining, 205.- direct estimation of sugar in beet,842. - simple cstimation of sugar in beet,1163. - sugar-beet seed as fodder for cattle,426.Pellizzari, Gt., amidobenzoic acid de-rivatives of succinic, Rebacic, andphthalic acids, 533.- combinations of ammonia withammonium salts, 723.- reduction of nitrobenzyl chloride,770.P e n f i e l d , 5. L.,occurrenceof alkalisinberyl, 490.Perkin, A. G., and W. H. P e r k i n ,jun., derivatives of anthi-aquinone,TRANS., 679.Perkin, W. H., jun., action of anilineon methyl dehydmcetate, 761.- benzoylacetic.acid and derivatives,TRANS., 240.- dehydracetic acid, 515. - synthetical formation of closed- trime thylenedicarboxy lic acid,- triznethplene iodide, 495.Perkin, W. H., jun.,and G. Bellenot,P e r l , J., thiosulphonic acids and sul-P e r r e y , A., use of copper sulpliate toPerrey. See also Hautefeuille.Perry, N. W., fusion, casting, dephos-phorising, and plating of iridium,462.*Peter, A., at?etotltiijnone and some ofits derivatives, 141.- &aeetot,hhone and its derivatives,764. - isomeric thiophenic acids, 765.P e t e r , J., deteruiination of non-volatileresidue in wine, 692.- estimation of sulphur in steel andiron, 1161.P e t e r , J.,and 0. d e Rochefontaine,crystallised anhydrous zinc acetate,371.P e t e r m a n n , A., and C. Glaser, est,i-mntion of reverted phosphoric acid,837.Petersen, nutritive value of hay grownon marsh lands, 020.carbon chains, TRANS., 801.1049.paranitrobenzoylacetic acid, 794.phinic acids of toluene, 391.destroy mildew, 77INDEX OF AUTHORS. 1311P e t e r s o n , H., determination of ironP e t i t , A., assay ol cinchona bark, 44'7.- titration of organic matter inP e t t i g r e w , H. P., oil of gaultheria,Peyrou. See GrBhant.P f a u n d l e r , L., action of compressedP f e i f f e r , E., electric conducthity of- electric conductivity of solutions- influence of salts on certain digest-P f eif f cr, T., estimation of urea, 450.P f i t zinger, W., trimethylquinoline,1246.P f l u g e r , E., and K. Bohland, simplemethod of estimating nitrogen inurine, 608.P f o r d t e n , 0. v. d., condensation ofhydrocyanic acid, 1120. - formation of red silver solutionsby reduction, 955. - new reagent for the absorption ofoxygen, 836. - purification of hydrogen sulphidefrom arsenic, 347.v. Pf uel, cult>ivation of two varieties ofsorghum and preparation of sugartherefrom, 79.P f u n g s t , A., reactions with nitro-methane, 1197.P h i l i p , M., and A.Calm, derivativesof parahydroxydiphenrlamine, 155.P h j l i p p . See Fischer.P h i l l i p s , W. B., reversion of phos-phoric acid by heat, 615.Phipson, T. L., caffetanuic acid, &c.,in Virginia creeper, 1255. - chemical phenomena of the respi-ration of plants, 420. - identity bf regianin and juglone,1148.P i c h a r d , P., removal of mildew invines, 590.Pick. See Weidel.P i c k e r i n g , S. U., atomic valency,- calorimetric determinations ofmagnesium sulphate, TRANS., 100.I_ crystalline basic copper sulphate,1113. - estimation of oil in cattle cake,844. - heats of dissolution of potassiumm d lithium sulphates, TRANB., 98.P i l a t t e .See Mairet.P i n n e r , A., action of acetic anhydrideon benzamidine, 158.and chromium in alloys, 194.water, 841.528.carbonic anhydride on g h s , 868.aqueous alcohol, 1029.of carbonic anhydride, 212.ive processes, 827.??ROC., 182.Pinner, A., action of ethyl acetoacetate- action of ethyl acetoacetate on- decomposition of benzonitrile by- preparation of tartronic acid,Pirani, E., galvanic polarisation, 623.Pis t o r , C., mineral spring, " Ronwr-brunnen," at Echzell, Wetterau, 362.Pistol.. See also Naumann.P i t k i n , L., action of concentrated sul-phuric acid on lead and its alloys, 460.P i t s c h k e . See Klinger.Pi u t t i, A., derivatives of diphenyl-- diplienylamine-derivatives of SUP- phthalylaspartic acid, '796.PI a n t a, A.v., chemical composition ofPleiige, H. C.. alo'in, 808.Plochl, J., and W. LOB, nitro- andsulpho-derivatives of phenylamido-acetic acid, 899.Plochl, J., and L. Wolfrum, condeii-sation of salicylaldehyde with hippu-ric acid, 898.P o e t s c h, W., recovering the wasteacids from nitroglycerol works, 619.P 01 e k and L u s t i g, derivatives of car-Tacrol, 659Poleck and Samelson, jalayin, 6G9.Polis, A., aromatic silicon CompounJs,973.P o 1 i t i s, G., relation of phosphoricacid to nitrogen in urine during feed-ing with hmin, 283.Pollacci, E., spontaneous oxidation ofsulphur, 3 &7.Poncy, C. de, separation and estima-tion of methyl alcohol in presence ofethyl alcohol, 298.Pond.See Meyer.Ponomarrf f, J., synthesis of allsntox-anic acid from parabanic acid, 760.Pool, F. V., new dropping flask,930.Popper, A., decomposition of aqueoussolutions of hypochlorous acid and ofchlorine in sunlight, 631.P or t e 1 e, K., so-called sour-rot ofgrapes, 1153.Possetto. See Mazzara.P o u c h e t , A. G., alkaloTd in Koch'scultivatir,g fluids, 1250. - changes in the composition of cer-tain secretions during cholera, 576.P o u l ton, E. B., essential nature of thecolouring of phytophagous larvE,&c., 1253.on the amidines, 158.amidines : p.yrimidines, '751.fuming sulphuric acid, 142.759.aminephthalejin, '783.cinic acid. 7'82.hazel pollen, 182.4 t 1312 INDEX OF 4UTHORS.Power, F.B., hydrastine, 675.Prager, A., derivatives of naphthalene,P r a t e s i , L., action of formaldehyde- formation of oxymetliylene from- trioxjmethylene, 240.P r a t t , J. W., rapid estimation of fixedP r e c h t . See Rottger.Preece, W. H., charging secondary- new standard of illumination, 321.P r e s c o t t . See Norton.Priebs, B., action of benzaldehyde onnitroniethane and nitroethane, 160. - nitro-derivatives of furfurane,971.Primics, G., mineralogical notes fromTransylvania, 733.P r o r o m a n t . See Carnot.Proskauer. See Fischer.Provius. See Bury.P r u d h om m e, action of bisulphites onchlorates, 207.Pr unier, H., volumetric determinationof alumina in lime and cement,441. - volumetric estimation of calciumoxide and carbonate, 296.P r z y b y t c k, S., diallyl dioxide, 741.P ii t t n e r, prepamtion of magnesium,1112.P u r d i e , T., action of sodium alkyloxides on ethereal fumarates, TRANS.,855.- composition of the milk of theporpoise, 1253.P u s c h , T . , test for the presence of tar-taric acid in citric acid, 445.1239.on aniline, 782.ethyl nitrate, 504.ammonia, 190.batteries, 11'75.Q*Q uankin, H., determination of solublepotash in soils, 1261. - soil of Tunis, 686. - some reactiolls of chromyl dichlo-ride, 23.Quessaud, J., dete~m~ination of silverand copper in the same liquid, 441.R.Rrtbo t, poisoning by nicotine, 416.Rabourdin, H., adulteration of pepper,Raby, L., new reactions for codei'ne303.and sesculin, 302.Rach.See Bischoff.Radziszewski, B., oxidationa by hy-drogen peroxide, 496.Radziszewski, B., and P. Wispek,derivatives of the xylenes, 889.Raini ond, E., volumetric estimation ofmanganese, 840.Ramann, E., result of removing de'brisfrom the surface of sandy soil, 81.Rammelsberg, C., analysie of uraniumcompounds, 690.- cuprodescloizite, 731. - double uranium acetates, 648.Ramsay, W., and J. T. Cundall, non-existmce of gaseous nitrous anhy-dride, TRANR., 672. - - oxides of nitrogen, TRANS.,187.Ramsay, W., and 5. Young, determi-nation of the vapour pressures ofsolids and liquids, TRANS., 42.- - influence of change fromliquid to solid state on vapour pres-sures, 629. -- method for obtaining con-stant temperatures, TRANS., 640.-- thermal properties of ethylalcohol, 1178.Ransom. See Dunstan.Raoult, F. M., action of water ondouble salts, 122. - influence of dilution on the reduc-tion of the freezing point of aqueoussolutions, 858.Raschig, F., action of bromine on di-methylumine, 1195.Rasinski, F., fractional distillation ina current of steam, 950.R a t h, G. v., colemrtnite, 224.R a t h . See also Uodewig.R a t h k e , R., nat'ure of selenium sul-phide and of alloys, 954.R a t i m off, ant iseptics, 612.Rau, H. M., indigo testing, 934.Raiipen s t r a u c h , B. A., solubility ofsalt8 in water at various temperatures,1181.Rawson, C., indigo testing, 1016. - valuation of indigos, 697.Rayleigh, L o r d , theconstant of elec-tromagnetic rotation of light, in car-bon bisulphide, 325.Ray lei g h, L o r d , and M rs.S id g w i c k,electro-chemical equivalent of silver,469.Reber, C., fixing artificial dyes byferro- and ferri-cyanides, 946.Reboux, E., manufacture oE sugarwithout bye-products, 464.R e b u f f n t, O., phenylcinnamylacrylicacid and diphenyldiethjlene, 1137.natural borate@, 28. INDEX O F AUTHORS. 1313Recoura, heat of transformation ofchromous chloride into chromicchloride, 1102. - hydrochloride of chromous chloride,875.Reder, P., experiments on nitrogen ofpeat, 188.RBe, A , /3-sulphophthalic acid, 1062.Reed, L., action of boric acid on cd-cium carbonate, 484.Reese, C. L., analyses of pinite fromMadison Co., N. Carolina, 130. - comparative oxidation of solutionsof sulphurous acid and sodium sul-phite, 217.- estimation of sulphurous mhy-dride, 296.Reformatsky, S., preparation ofpoljhydric alcohols, 882. - the hydrocarbon C8HI4, preparedfrom ally1 diethyl carbinol, 832.Regeczy, .E. v., diffusion of albuminsolutions, 405.R e g e 1 s b erg er, F. F., ammoniacalcompounds of uranyl ahloride, 638.Regnauld, J., and Villejeaii, in-halation of methane and monochloro-methane, 926. -- inhalation of dichloromethaneand tetrachloromethane, fQ6. -- oleaginous seeds of the8ymphonia fasiculata, 290. -- physiological action of di-chlorometharia compared with that ofchloroform, 285.Reichard t,, E., drinking-water sup-plies, 612.Reicher, L. T., rate of formation ofmaleic anhydride, 757.- the temperature of allotropictransformation of sulphur, 346. - velocity of saponification, 1034.Reimer, C. L.,and W. Wil1,fatof thefruit of Myristica surinanzensis, 1197.R e i n h a r d t , C., modifiedKipp’s hydro-gen sulphide apparatus, 1261.Re i n k e, J., chlorophyll in the livingcell and assimilation of cayboil, 182.- destruction of chlorophyll solutionby light, 991.R eins c h, P. F., chemical compositionof coal, 8’16.R Q mont, A, estimation of the wool,silk, and cotton, in tissues, 96.R e m pel, R., apparatus for the estima-tion of starch, 843.Rempel. See H e l l .Remsen, I., action of alcohol on diazo-compounds, 525. - new class of compounds analogousto the phthale’ins, 539.Rerusen, l., and E. H. Keiser,estimation of carbon in ordinary phos-phorus, 482.Reuss, C., density of solntions of pureand commercial aluminium snlphate,458.Rey chler, A., argentammonium com-pounds, 18.R e y er, E., on solidification, 1180.R i c h a r d , action of cocaine on theinvertebrates, 1002.Richard, L., estimation of starch ingluten bread, 299.Richardson, C., chemical alterationsin green fodder during eneilage,TRANS., 80.- chemioal composition of the pro-ducts of roller m~lling, 1021. - chemical composition of wheat andmaize as in3uenced by environment,535.RichPtrz, F., products of the electro-ljsis of dilute sulphuric acid, 624.Rideztl, S., delicate tests for antimony,arsenic, and tin, 1013.Rieder, H., nitrogen in faxes, 414.Xiehm. See Engler.R i e s s, C., deriratives of cyanethine,Riess, C., and E.v. Meyer, cyan-Ri e t s c h, biliary acids, 5’77.Rietsch. See also Nicati.R i n n e, F., milarite, 1187.- rutile from Imfeld, 1186.R i srl e r, E., influence of temperature onthe development of wheat, 422.B i t t e r , A., improvement of sheep-manure by kainite, 834.I l i t t h a u s e n and F. Weger, beta‘iaeand cotton-seed, 50.Ritzfeld. See Claus.Rizza. See Butlerow.Robert. See B r u n n e r .R o b e r t s o n , R., albite from Amelia- analyses of chrysocolla from Gila- blue quartz from Nelson Co.,Robin, M., ferric peptonate, 1147.Robinson, H., atomic weight of cerium,Rochefontaine. See Peter.Rodatz. See Stohmann.Roder, F., vinaconic acid, 653.Roemer, H., amidoalizarin, 1068.Rontgen, W.C., absorption of heat- electro-magneticaction of dielectricRose, B., detection of fuse1 oil in235.rnethethine, 646.Co., Virginia, 130.Co., Arizona, 130.Virginia, 129.217.by water vapour, 5.polarisation, 1030.Ppirituous liquors, 6001314 INDEX OF AUTHORS.Rose, B., and E. Schulze, some con-stituents of Emmenthaler cheese, 207.R o s s i n g, A., condensation-product s ofthe derivatives of salicylaldehyde, 388.R as sing. See also 0 t t 0.Roessler, C., lead assaying in the wetway, 596.R o t t g e r , F., and H. P r e c h t , estima-tion of sodium chloride in presence ofpotassium chloride, 1263.Roll, G., and 0. Holz, benzyl ethersof broniinated nitrophenols, 1209.Romig. See Anschii tz.R o m m i er, A., cultivated wine-jeast,205.Roscoe, Sir H.E., diamond-bearingrocks of South Africa, 131. - spontaneous polymerisation ofvolatile hydrocarbons, TRANS., 669.Rose, maize ensilage for cows, 1149.Rosenberg, A., comparative experi-ments with alkali albuminate, acidalbumin, and albumin, 405. - tribromothiophen and compoundsof dinitrothiophen, 1051.Rosenfeld, M., new apparatus forelectrolysis, '715.Rosenhek. See Ostermayer,Schmi t t.Roser, W., diquinoline from benzene,275. - phthalyl derivatives, 267,797. - phthaljl derivatives : conversionof ketone acids into lactones, 165. - so called phthalylucetamide, 159.Rossmassler, F. A., manufactureof lubricating oil from Baku naphtha,620.Roth. See Lndcnburg.R o t h, L., process for solidifying mineralR o t h e r , R., bismuth and pepsin, '712.R o t o n d i, saponification of fats byelectricity, 1274.Rousseau, G., manganites of €he alka-line earths, 1114.Rousseau, L., flesh-meal, 620.Roux.See Friedel.Rowan, Gt. H., apatite from AmeliaGo., Virginia, 126. - kaslinite from Calhoun Co., Ala-bama, 228.Rubner, M., acti n of lead acetate onglucose and lactose, 444. - calorimetric investigations, 949,1258.7 influence of meat extract on thetemperature of the body, $09. - thermal equivalent of a solution ofurea, 328.R u b e n c am p, R., aldehyde- and ethyl-idene-derivatiws, 136.oil, 309.R u d o r f , F., compounds of arsenioiia- lecture experiment, 869. - solubility of mixtures of salts,Rufin, A., first grass and aftermath,Ruhlmann.See F i t t i g .Runeberg, J. W., filtrationof albuminsolutions, 56'7.R u s s e 11, W. J., spectroscopic observa-tions on dissolved cobaltous chloride,R u ~ B , J. M., allotropic transformationoxide, 955.865.586.PROC., 67.of sulphur346at very- low temperatures,S.Saare, O., starch refuse as fodder,1155.S a a r e, O., and others, preparation andinvestigation of starch, 618.Sabaneieff, A., diallyl, 495.S a b a t i e r, P., composition of hydrogenpersulphide ; a nwreous variety ofsulphur, 952.- hydrogen persulphide, 1037. - mineral water of Salies-du-Salnt,Sacc, composition of the seeds of the- saltpetre deposit, 359.Sacher, F., and R. d e Barbieri, in-fluence of the lead precipitate onpolarieation, 691..Sschs, J., activity of assimilation byleaves, 289.-- metastasis in leaves, 831.Sachs. See also Warburg.Sachsse, R., a new colouring matter- chlorophyll, 670.Sagnier, H., straw, peat, and sawdustas litter, 429.St. AndrB. See Boursier.S a k u r a i, J., methylene chloriodide,TRANS., 198.Salkowski, E., behuviour of skatole-carboxylic acid in the organism, 575. - composition of horses' urine, 934. - decompcsition of protePds byfermentation, 998.-- phenaceturic acid in the urine ofthe horee, 413.Salkowski, E. and I€., putrefactionof albumin and formation of skatoleand indole, 567.231.cot ton-tree, 425.from chlorophyll, 670.- skatolecmboxylic acid, 569.Salkowski, H., melting points andseparation of mixtures of phenylINDEX OF AUTHORS.1315ij,wtic and hydroxycinnamic acid,602.S a 11 L mo n, Gt., chemical composition ofpig’s urine, 413.- paraxanthine, 403.S a 1 om o n, \V., distribution of ammo-nium salts and formation of urea,921.Salomonson, H. W., nitrophenyl-paraconic acid, 1224.Sam buc, milk adulteration, 299.Sandberger, F., boric acid in mica,- fairfieldite from Rabenstein, 640.- manganese in apatite, 640.S a n d m e y er. T., conrersion of the threenitranilines into nitrobenzoic acids, 981. - conversion of the three nitro-benzoic acids into phthalic acids, 981. - ethyl hypochlorite, 1045. - substitution of the amido-groupin aromatic derivatives, by chlorine,bromine, and cyanogen, 149.S a n t i n i , 8., coloration of the hydrogenflame, 209, 465.S Itr d 0, catalpic acid, 272.S av a r y, W., atripaic acid, 653.Sawano.See Kellner.Say t z e f f, A., oxidation of oleic acid,1049. - synthesis of tertiary alcohol8 fromketones, 881.Scac chi, E., crystallography of phe-nylcoumarin and coumarin, 901.Schacherl, G., synthesis of a newtetrabasic acid and an isomeride ofaconitic acid, 1125.Schaeffer, C. A., a new tantalitelocality, 359.S c h a f a r z i k , F., native mercury, cin-nabar and chromium ores from Ser-vin, 730.Schall, C., attraction of homogeneousmolecules, 111. - modification of Petterson and Eks-trand’s method of rapour-densitydeterminations, 1179. - relation between capillarity andspecific gravity of members of homo-logous series, 1180.- relation bet.ween molecular weightand velocity of evaporation of liquids,112. - relation between specifk gravity,capillarity, and cohesion, 1180. - relations of diameters of molecules,1182. - relation of expansion of sub-stances in gaseous, ’Faporous, andliquid states to absolute temperature,1179.Schall, C., and C. Dralle, action of643.chlorine, bromine, and iodine on sodiumparacresolate, 145.Scharges. See T r a u b .S c h a r i z e r, R., constitution of theamphiboles containing alumina, 32.S c h a t z k y , E., action of ally1 andisobutyl iodides on zinc and acetone,237. - diallyloxalic acid, 511. - preparation of ethylic oxalate,S chef f e r, estimation of nicotine, 604.S c h e i b 1 e r, C., raffinose, 1046.- nomenclature of sugars, 744.- separation of raffinove from themolasses of beetroot sugar, 962.Schenfelen.See Meyer.S c h e r k a, E., hydrindonaphthenecar-boxylic acid, 533. - hydroxymaleic and hydroxycitratconic acids, 513.Sohestakoff, W., composition of abye-product obtained in the ppepara-tion of dialljl carbinol, 237.Scheurer, A., dyeing with alizarine onindigo, 711. - fixation of alumina as a dischargeon indigo-blue, 1276.- history of alizarin-blue, 106.S c h e i i r e r - K es t n er, composition ofthe gas from pyrites burners, 199,706. - composition and heat of combus-tion of coal from Ruhr, 1020. - heat of combusbion of the coal ofRonchamp, 84.8. - reaction between ferric oxide andcertain sulphates s t high tempera-tures, 125.- the employment of Korting’sapparatus for forcing gases throughsulphuric acid chambers, 1166.S chic h o w s k y, composition of maize,292.Schiff, H., aspartic acid, 377. - isophloridzin, 1142. - lecture experiments on the occlu-sion of hydrogen by palladium,1035. - oxaIdiamidvpropionic acid, 760. - phosphorsellinic acid, 795.Schiff, H., and C. P a r e n t i , ethylene-amidobenzoic acid, 266.Schiff, H., and E. Pons, an amide ofgallic acid, 796.Schiff, H., and R. Sestini, com-pounds of arsenious anhydride withpotassium bromide and iodide, 723.S c hif f, R., constants of capillarity ofliquids, 717. - estimation of the specific gravitjof 1iquidR a t higher temperature$,950.5121316 INDEX OF AUTHORS.S c h i f f, R., physical properties of thio-S c h i 11 e r - W e c h s l e r , M., anilidopyro-Schilling, E., caffeine rrethylhydr.S c h i l l i n g .Seealso Schmidt.Schimidzu. See Divers.Schimos6. See Divers.Schimoyama, Y., estimation of qui-nine, Yd5.S c h i n d l e r , F., d u a t i o n of hay,1154.S c h l a g d e n h a u f f e n , volumetric de-termination of manganeae, 442.S c h l a g d e n h a u f f e n and G a r n i er,arsenic in the soil of cemeteries,1009.8 c h 1 agd en h a x f f e n. Seealso Hec k el.S c h l e g el, G., combustion of hydro-carbons and their derivatives withmixtures of - oxygen and chlorine,214.phen, 971.tartaric acid, 900.oxide, 674.Schlerschmann. See Carnelley.Schloesing, T., magnesia indus!ry,Schmalzigaug. See Gr.aebe.S c h m e 1 c k, I,.,.investigation of petro-8 c h m i d, H., tnrkey-red oil, 313.Schmid. See also Goldschmidt.S c h m i d t and Hiinsch, disturbingphenomena observed in polarisingoperations, 32 I.Schmidt, A., isomorphism of jordaniteand meneghinite, 639. - water vapour in gas generators,705.Schmidt, E., and E. Schilling,caffeine, 995.Schmidt, M. SeeLeuckart.S o h m i t t , C., and J. Rosehhek,gallisin, 134.S o h m i t t , E., compoEition of butterfrom cows, goats, and ewes’ milk,309.S c 11 m i t t , R., Kolbe’s synthesis ofsalicylic acid, 982.7 preparation of salicylic acid, 709.S c h m i t t . See also H a n s e n .Schrnitz, S., modification of thecalcium chloride drying tube used inelemeiitsry analyeis, 687.Schmoger, M., milking of COWS,1000.7 polarirnetric estimation of sugar inmilk, 693.- Soxhlet’s areometric butter-fatestimations, 603.S c h n e e ga n a, A., Perkin’s reaction inthe paraffin series, 649.S c h n e i d e r , L., wolfram, 1187.1166.leum lamps, 452.S c h n e i d e r , L., and F. Lipp, analysisof tungsten steel, 840.S c h n e i d e r , R., action of silvercyanide on sulphur chloride, 1193. - atomic weight of bismuth, 354.- precipitation of halogen salts ofsii~er, 1010.Schoene, E., spectrum of ozone, 713.S c h 6 ne, -H., c&lorocarbonyls ulpha.mj1,512.S c h o p f f , M., derivatives of metanitro-- metanitrobenzenylamidoxime, 896.Scholvien, L., mercury fulminate,Schoor, W.K. J., action of certainS c h o rl e mm e r, C., thiongl chloride,S c h o t t en, C., oxidation of piperidine,176.S c h o t t e n , C., and J. Baum, a newoxidation-product of conine, 176.S c h r a m m, J., farmation of parabromo-benzyl bromideby the action of bro-mine on parabromotoluene, 379. - influence of light on the action ofthe halogens on aromatic compounds,767. - influence of light on the bromina-tion of aromatic con~pouiids, 888.-influence of suulight on the bro-mination of aronmtic compounds,518.S c h r a u f, A., dispersion equivalent ofthe diamond, 14.S c h r e d e r , J., the constitution ofisuvitic acid, 798.S c h r e d e r . See also B a r t h .S c h r e i n e r, peat aa manure, 428.S c h r o d t , M., new conserving agentfor milk a i d butter, 612. - quality of butter made by differentprocesses, 105.Sclirodt, M., and H. Hansen, feed-ing milch cows with ensiled sugar-beet sections, 833.-- influence of malt coombs on’the yield of milk, 929.S c h r o e d e r , J. v., and another, influ-ence of acid smoke on vegetation, 76.S c 11 u b e r t, S., action of heat on starchgranules, 368.Schiibeler, action of long days onvegetation, 419.Sehiichtermann, H., working upbasic slag, 940.Schiile. See Hell.S c h u p p h a u s , R., action of chlorineS chii t t, F., parabromortliamidophenol,Senzenylsmidoxime, &c., 1217.39.substances on dextrin, 369.PEOC., 52.on boiling benzene, 52.1211INDEX OF AUTHORS. 1317S c h u t z, E., quantitative relationship ofpepsin to peptones, 1147.S c h u 1 t e n, A.d e, artificial productionof strengite, 1043. - crystallised magnesium and cad-mium hydroxides, 1183. - new crystallised magnesium phos-phate and arsenate, 724.S c h u l t z, B., oxidation products ofsoIid dibromoparaxylene, 1053.S c h u l t z, J. J., alkaloids of Coptis tri-Jolia, 403.S c h u l z , O., action of acetic, propionic,and butyric acids, &c., on benzenyl-amidoxime, 897. - action of anhydrides of bibasicacids of benzenylamidoxime, 1219.Schnlze, B. See Weiske.Schulze, E., acid amides from thedecomposition of albumin, 581. - amido-acids formed from albumin,916. - determination of asparagine andglutamine, 035. - formation of sulphates in germina-tion, 1153.Schulze, E., and E.Bosshard, allan-toin, asparagine, hypoxanthine, andguanine as plant constituents, 1007. - occurrence of glutamine in Ohesugar-beet, 759. - optical behaviour of some amido-acids, '759.Schulze. See also Lunge, Rose.S ch u l z e, H., parosulphates, 216.Mchulze, K. h., method of obtainingthiophen and its homologues, 763. - occurrence of benzoic acid in coal-tar oils, 792. - phenols of high boiling point con-tained in coal-tar, 667.- simple method of obtaining thio-tolen and thioxylen, 251.Schumann, O., boiling point andpressure, 11176.Schunck, E., chlorophgll, 1241.Schwackhofer, F., calorimetric esti-S c h w a1 b e, F., non-acid constituents ofSchwarz, C., Roman alunite, 30'7.Schweissinger, O., detection of atro-- iodised tannic acid as a reagent, 691.S c hw e i z e Y, A., arachidic acid and non-Schwenk.See Bohm.S e be 1 i en, J., the prote'ids of cow's milk,1000.SBe, G., and Bochefontaine, physio-logical action of cinchonamine, 682.SCe, O., and Bochefontaine. physio-mation of fuels, 691.beeswax, 962.pine, 448.decylic acid, 508.logical effect of cinchonamine sul-phats, 571.Seegen, J., sugar in blood: its sourceand signification, 411.S e e li g, E., trichlorotoluenes, 769.Seemann, B., preparation of soapsfrom oil seeds, 1023.Seifert, R., action ofcarbouicanhydrideon sodium acetanilide : new synthesisof dicarboxylic acids, 983.- action of sodium mercaptide onphenyl salts, 1057. - formation *of amines from theamides of the fatty series, 963.Semper.See B e r n t h s e n .Senf, A., cyananiline and some of itsderivstires, 1060.Senff, M., dry distillation of wood,619.S enhofer, C., sericite from the quartz-pbyllite of Wiltau, 736.S e n i er, A., formyl and thioformyl com-pounds obtained from aniline, &c.,TRANS., 762.S e r r a n t , E., aseptal, 1166.- orthohy droxybenaenesulphonicacid, 1016.S e s t i ~1 i, F., relations between atomicweight and phjsiological function,1150.Sestini, F., and A. Dicocco, maizeheads.as fodder, 1087.S e s t i n i . See aLo Schiff.Seubert. See Meyer.Shalfkeff, M., specific volumes ofchlorine, bromine, and iodine in car-bon compounds, 717.- preparation of haemin, 566.Shenstone, W. A., brucine, 276.- crystalline tricupric sulphate,- modified Bunsen burner, TRANS.,- strychnine, TRANS., 139.Shenstone.See also Tilden.Shimogama, Y., estimation of thequinine alkaldids, 845.S h o r t . See Dunstan.Sidgwick. See Rayleigh.Si e b e n, J., composition of starch s-jrupand of honey, 693.Sieber. See Nencki.S i e b o 1 d, L., estimation of hydracyanicacid, 600.Siegfried, oxidation of phenol bynitrobenzene, 1060.Siemens, W., a unit for the measure-ment of light, 1.Si e w e r t, creaming by centrif ugala onvarious systems, 1022.Silber. See Ciamician.Silberstein, H., beta'ines, 160.TRANS., 375.378131 8 INDEX OF AUTHORS.Silva, R. D., aromatic hydrocarbons,- formation of normal propylbenzene,Simand. See K o h n s t e i n .S j o gren, H., manganese arsenates fromNordmarken in Wermland, 959.S k r a u p , 8.H., benzoyl-ecgonine andits conversion into coca‘ine, 1249. - new method of preprariiig phen-anthroline, 393.S k r a u p , 8. H., and 0. W . F i s c h e r ,methylphenanthroline, 392.S l o cum, F. L., phenylangelic, phenyl-methacrglic, and ethylphenyllrtcticacids, 662.Smith, A., preparation of carbons forelectric lamps, 1267.S m i t h , E. F., miueralogical notes,960.S m i t h , E. G., action of bromine onpropenjlphenylaminediamine, 524. - chrysotile from Shipton, Canada,361.S m i t h , F. S., ozocerite, 356.S m i t h , H. E. See Chitt,enden.S m i t h , J. L., methods of estimatingcolumbates containing earthy oxides,1012.S m i t h , R.Angus, examination ofwater8, 86.Smith, W. See Staub.Smith, W. G., composition of the pre-cipitate obtained on heating urine,681.Smolka, A.J basic nitrates of lead,725. - mannitol lead nitrate, 743.Smolka. See also Kahlmann.Sn ape, H. L., action of phenyl cyanateon alcohols and phenols, TRANS., 770.Soden. See Michaelis.Sokoloboff, new anhydride of man-nitol, 367.Solonina, V., action of dilute acids onallvl alcohol, 741.S olvay, E., obtaining hydrochloric acidfrom calcium chloride, 705.S omm e r l a d, H., leucite- and nepheline-basalt from the Vogelsberg, 33.Bonnenschein, A,, bebaviour of tan-nin with Fehling’s solution, 1163.Sorabji, B., on some new paraffins,TRANS., 37.S o r e t, C., refractive indices of alums,109,1097.Sostegni, L., examination af humusfrom pest, 1082.S o u b e i r a n , L., and B.Massol, waterfrom the Red Spring of Zacaune(Tarn, France), 232.Soye. See Brouardel.1054.972.Spalteholz, W., quinoline dyes, 400.Spencer, U.. L.. new met,hod of deter--mining phospioric acid in manures,436.Spica, P., Barosma crenata, 1142.Spics. See also Canzoneri.Spiegel, A,, new class of aromaticSpielhoff, H., chemistry of urine,Spitz.G.,mixed etherswfresorcinol, 381.S p i t z e r . See Kachler.Spohn. See Dragendorf.Spohr, J., action of neutral ~ a l t s andof temperature on the inversion ofcane-sugar, 1181.Sponnagel, F. G,, enamelling casks,316.Spring, W., action of mass, 480.8 t a d e 1 m a n n, E., pathological acid inS t adler, O., compounds of thiophen,- nitrothiophens, 764.- reduction of nitro- to amido-thio-S t a d l e r . See also Meyer.S t a d t h a g e n , cptine not present inS tiledel, W., dinitrotoluene, 142.Star kl, G., schuchardtite, 32.S t a u b , A., and W. S m i t h , derivativesof isodinaphthyl, TRANS., 104.S t a u t e , H., pinnoite, a new borakefrom Stassfurt, 1117.Stegelitz. See Claus.Stein, S. v., method of obtainingS t e i n e r , E., formation of patina, 308.S t e n g e r, F., electric conductivity of- thermal conductivity of tourma-Stevens. See H i l l .S tocklasa, J., distribution of phos-phates in Bohemia, 877.8 t o c k m an n, R., active principle ofsenna leaves, 991.S t o h m a n n, F. calorimetric inveutigs-tions, 85’7.Stohmann, F., and P.Rodatz, heatof combustion of lauric and myristicacids, 1176.Stohmann, F., and H. Wilsing,specific and latent heats of myristicand lauric acids, 1177.S t o j e n t i n , M., action of ethyl oxalicchloride on derivatives of carbamideand guanidine, 1195.S t o k e s, G. G., crystalline reflection inpotassium chlorate, 1175.Stokes, H. See Pechmclnn.sulphonic acids, 987.703.diabetic urine, 92%.120%.phen, 971.normal urine, 830.hremoglobin crystals, 406.gases, 1028.line, 5INDEX OF AUTHORS. 1319Stokes, H. N., phthalic sulphinide,Stokvis, B. J., turbidity of albuminousStolba, F., preparation of zinc freeS t r a c c i a t i . See Bartoli.S t r e b e 1 and others, cultivation andpreservation of certain cereals, 833.S t r e c k er, K., reproduction of Siemens’mercury unit, 1027, 1099.539.urine on heating, GSO.from arsenic, 461.S t r e n g , A., diopside from Zermatt,1118.- microscopic chemical reactions,S t r i e g l e r , M., ammelide, 1194.Strohmer, F., testing of cayenneStriiver, J., columbite fromCaraveggia,8 truve, H., studies on blood, 71.S t u a r t , C.M., nitrobenzalmalonicS t u t z er, A., phosphoric acid soluble in- nitrogenous substances insolubleSuchorsky, N., respiration in com-S u i d a . See Liechti.Sundberg, C., the pepsin ferment,Sweetser. See K i n n i c u t t .Szechenyi, E. v., jun., cultivation ofSorghum saccharaturn, 833.S z ym a n s k i, F.. hemialbumose fromvegetable albumin, 997.- malt peptone, 822.Szymanski. See also Deichmiiller!294.pepper, 452.Piedmont, 732.acids, TRANS., 155.the soil, 439.in gastric juice, 827.pressed air, 677.921.T.T af e 1, J., benzoyl-derivatives of phenyl-Tafel. See also Fischer, Paal.Takayarna, J., Japanese teas andtobaccos, 582.Tammann, Gt., fate of sulphur ingermination, 1004. - tension of aqueous vapour of saItsolutions, 862.T a n r e t , C., alkalo’ids produced by theaction of ammonia on glucose, 1047. - cornutine and ergotine, 821. - terpinol, 990. - vincetoxin, 552.Tappeiner, H., researches on the fer-mentation of cellulnse, especially withreference to its solution in the ali-mentary canal, 178.hydrazine, 1060.Taquet, C., preparation of chlorine,Taiiber.See F i s c h e r .Tantphous, C. v., and E. Wollny,influeuce of different systems of 8p-plying manures, 1156.Taylor, W. J., detection of cyanides inpresence of compound cyanides, 196.Teed, F. L., decomposition of potaa-sium chlorate by heat, PROC., 105, - estimation of iodides in presenceof chlorides and bromides, 1261.Teixeria, S. F., a new alcoholic fer-ment which does not invert sugar,1168. - the succinic acid ferment and itsaction on cane-sugar, 1152.T e r r e i l , A., analysis of chrysotile,490. - crystallisecl argentammonium chlo-ride and bromide, 18. - red colouring mattm of wine andvegetables, 1142.T e r r i s E e, naphthalfluoresce’in andnaphthuleosin, 667.Tessmcr, H., compounds of poly-hydric alcohols with phenyl cyanate,774.T haer, nitrogen necessary for cultivatedplants, 75.T h i e r f e l d e r , H., and J.v. Mering,physiological action of the tertiaryalcohols, 1002.T h 01, A,, symmetrical metaxylidiiie andsymmetrical xylenol, 522.Thompson, C. See W r i g h t .Thomsen, J., constitution of tbiophen,1126.- mulecular weight of fluid water,870.Thornson, A., colorimetric estima-tion of small quantities of iron,TRANS., 493.1017.Thomson, A. See Carnelley.Thomson, J. J., combination of gases,341.Thomson, R. T., lakmoyd and otherindicator@, 1157.Thorne, L. T., conversion of ketonicacids into unsaturated lactones, 1200.T h o r n e r, W., apparatus for collectingand analysing the gases dissolved inwater, 691.T h o r p e T.E., atomic weight of titan-ium, TRANS., 108. - sulphides of titanium, TRANS.,491.T h o u l e t , J., attraction between dis-solved substances and solids immersedin the eolutions, 476, 866. - determination of the coefficient ofcubic dllatation of minerals, 2181320 INDEX OFT h o u l e t , J.. and H. L a g a r d e . newmethod of determining siecific lieats,6.T h r e s h , J. C., new form of apparatusfor continuous percolation with boil-ing liquids, 835. - proximate constituents of Hedy-chium spicatum, 582.Thiimen, F. v., fairy ringe, 425.Tich,omiroff, A., chemical changesattending the development of theembryo in the eggs of Bmttyx mori,1000. - chemical changes in the eggs ofBombyx mori during development,1150.Tiemann, F., amidoximes and azox-imes, 895.p glucovanillin and glucovanillpl al-cohol, 980.- reactions of amidoximes, 1216.Tiemann, F., and A. Kees, glucosidesprepared from lieliein, 1073. -- reactions .of the glucosides,helicin and glncovanillin, 1072.Tiemann, F., and P. Kriiger, rela-tion of benzen ylamidoxime-derivativesto the benzhydroxamic group, 790.Tiemann, F., and E. Nageli, actionof sodium amalgam on aqneous solu-tions of bcneenyhmidoxime, 895.T i f f e r e au, action of direct sunlighton nitric acid mixed with carbon bi-sulphide, 1110.Tilden, W. A., and W. A. Shen-s t, o n e, solubility of calcium sulphatein saline solutions, 1183.T i m i r i a z e f f , C., chemical aotion oflight on chlorophyll, 714.T i s s a n d i e r , G-., apparatus for the con-atant production of gas, 722.Tivoli, D., compounds of platinumand arsenic, 728.To llens, B., circular polarisation ofdextrose, 40.- raffinose (melitose ?) from molasses,368.Tollens. See also Deichmuller,Herrmann, K e n t , Kreckeler.Tomlinson, C., boiling of liquids in avessel contained in a water-bath. 4174. - motious of camphor on water,1180.T om m a s i, D., electro-pseudolyeis,1029. - heats of formation of hydrogencompounds, 716. - heat of formation of some solublecompounds and the law of thermalsubstitution constants, 8. - noti-existence of ammonium hydr-oxide, 484.AUTHORS.Tornani. SeeVitali.Craub, M. C., and C. Hock, a lak-nio'id, 148.Fraub, M. C., and C. Scharges, coal-tar quinoline, 173.Craube, H., nephrite frem Jordans-miihl, in Silesia, 361, 1189.Craube, J ., capillary constants of cer-tain aqueous and alcoholic solutions,866.- capillary phenomena in relation toconstitution and molecular weight,116. - influence of temperature on thecapillary meniscus angle, 1033. - preparation of cyanamide, 739.Trauhe, M., co-operation of water inthe combustion of carbonic oxide,and formation of hydrogen peroxideduring such combustion, 1108. - co-operation of water in the slowoddation of zinc, lead, iron, and pal-ladium-hjdrogen, llU5. - formation of hydrogen peroxideduring the combustion of hydrogen,1108.p slow oxidation of copper in pre-senm of dilute sulphuric acid or ofIL solution of ttmmoniuni carbonate,1107.Trey, €I., basicity of thiosulphuric acid,870.Tribe.See Gladstone.Trinius, P., derivatives of hydratropicacid ; artificial formation cf phloreticacid, 529.Trobach, K., new method of sugarextraction, 848.Troilius, M., e3timation of manganeseand phosphorus in iron znd steel,597.Troost, L., remarks on some criticismsof Friedel's concerning chloral hy-drate, 746. - thorium metaphosphate, 1113. - vapour-density of thorium chlo-Tro schk e, composition of furze (Ulez- cultivation and composition of sor-- preservation of ammonia in stable- water culture of lupines, 420.Trow b r i d g e, J., measurement ofT r u c h o t,, C., thermochemistry ofTscheltzow, heat of formation ofTsch erniak, G-., proFortionof chlorineride, 1113.europeua), 684.ghurn, 1155.manure, 187.strong electric c u r r e h , 855.ammonium fluosilicate, 626.picrates, 1103.in scapolite, 1187INDEX OFTscheuschner, E., calculation ofglass batches, 937.T s c h i r c h, A., Hyacilzthus orientalis,1254.T u r n e r , T., estimation of carbon iniron ar.d steel, 1161.- in0uence of silicon on the proper-ties of cast iron, TRANS., 577, 902. - selective alterations of the con-stituents of cast iron, TRANS.,. 474.U.U l b r i c h t, R., estimation of. tannins by- wine analysis, 692.Ullmann, C., derivatives of triphenpl-methane, 1236.Ulsch, K., decomposition of ethylchlorocarbonate by zinc chloride,376.Unger, B., analysis of vuloanisodcaoutchouc, 841.U r b a i n .See Fremy.Urech, F., influence of the diluent onthe rate of chemical action, 480. - influence of temperature and con-centration of hydnochloric acid on therate of inversion of sacchwose, 41.Lowenthal’s method, 934.V.Fa1 en t a , E., testing mineral oils, 93.- toilet soap analysis, 696.V a l e n t i n i , A., lecture experiments,215. - parame thoxyphenoxycinnamic acid,264.V a n d e r Plaats, J. D., atomic weightaof carbon, phosphorus, tin, and zinc,348.Vandevelde, Gt., chemietryof Bacilluswbtilis, 287.Van d e V yv e r e, estimation of methylalcohol in ethyl alcohol, 600.Van Dorp. See Hoogewerf.V a n H e r f f . See Dabney.V a n Romburgh, P., non-existence ofpentanitrodimethylaniline, 660.v a n ’ t H o f f , H., jun., malic acid,1201.v a n ’ t Hoff, J.H., the “criticalpoint ’) in chemical decompositions,1181. - transformations of sulphur, 1037.Veley, V. H., sulphur compounds ofcalcium, TRANS., 478.BUTHORS. 1321Venable, F. P., leaves ol Ilea: cmsine,- zinc in drinking water, 453.V e r b e c k, R. D. M., pproxene-andesitesfrom the Dutch-Indian Archipelago,1120.V e r n e u i 1, A., seleniocarbamide, 50,376. - simultaneous action of oxygen andhydracids on seleniocarbamide, 967.Vieille. See B e r t h e l o t .V i e t h , P., composition of mares’ milkB i gi e r, F., orthophenolsulphonic acid,V i gier, P., digestive ferments, 2’79.V i g n on, P., separation of aluminium1254.and koumis, 849.a new antiseptic. 61 2.arid iron. 689.Ville, J.,’ crystallised zinc hydroxide,1112.Ville. See also Engel.V i l l e j ean.See Regnauld.Villiers, A . , curarine from Strychlaos- formation of alkaloids in disease,- formation of ptomai’nes in cholera,- nitro-derivatives of ethylene, 1044.- pathological urines, 1084.Vincent, C., new iridium compounds,- new rhodium compounds, 1116.Vincen6, C., and J. Chappuis,critical temperatimes and pressures ofsome vapours, 1104. -- tension and critical points ofsome vapours, 861.Violle, J., absolut,e unit of light, 622.V i t a l i and T o r n a n i , detection ofVivier, A., apatite from LognozanVoelcker, A., action of soluble and- foua-course system at Woburn, 78.V ogel, A., detection of cyanogen, 297.Vogel, H. W., modifications of silverVohwinkel, E., new constant galvanicVoig t, K., benzoinanilide and its deriva-V o i g t, R., /3-pyridinetricarboxylic acid,Voigt, W., colour phenomena of pleo-- optical properties of thin metallicVoit. See Munck.V o l h a r d , J., and H.Erdmann, s ptoitrzyera, 997.926.404.356.chloral hydrate, 933.(Spain), 30.insoluble phosphates, 82.bromide, 846.element, 853.tives, 1067.812.chroic crystals, 621.layers, 1026.thesis of thioyhen, 7631322 INDEX OF AUTHORS.Volkmann, P., remarks on Schiffspaper on the capillary constants ofliquids, 721.V o r s t e r and C-runeberg, working upthe mother-liquors from schoenite,306.Vortmann, Gt., cobaltammonium com-pounds, 1041.V u 1 p i us, G., thallin preparations, 398.W.Wach t e l , G., manufacture of potassiumdichromate, 846.Wackenroder, D., preparation ofstrontium and barium chlorides, 19.Wada, Japanese minemls, 221.Wayss.See Gasiorowski.W a g n e r, composition of wood ashes,834. - manuring with p a t , 1009.Wagner, E., action of zinc organo-metallic compounds on aldehydes, 370.W a g n e r, Gt., oxidation of ketones,1197.Wagner, H. See Kruckenburg.W a g n el-, P., estimation of nitrogen in- metamidophenetdil, 1212.Wagner, P., and others, variousmanure materials, 1156.Wallach, M., carbonates of dihydricalrohols and phenols, 254.Wallach, O., ethereal oils, 171. - terpenes and ethereal oils, 550.W a l l a c h , 0.) and W. 3 r a s s , OleumW a1 t e r, J., apparatus for chemical- use of steam in chemical labora-Wanklyn.See F o r .Warburg, L., and J. Sachs, relationbetween the densitv and viscositv ofChili saltpetre, 435,cyncz, 171.laboratories, 631, 1035.tories, 482.liquids, 9.Warden, C. J. H., biological examina-tion of water, 1266. -Warington, R., action of gypsum inpromoting nitrification, TRANS., 758. - behaviour of nitrates in Kjeldahl'smethod for the determination of ni-trogen, 1261.-- detection of nitrous and nitricacids, 593.W a r t h a, V., alkaline reaction of glaes,838.Wasmund. See Maas.Wassermann. See Le Bel.Weber, A., and N. W o l f f , perchloro-phenol from perchlorobenzene, 619.Weber, C . L., electric conductivity ofamalgams, 211. - electric conductivity and tempera-Lure coefficient of solid mercury,1028.Web e r, R., octosulphntes, 121.Webster, C.S. S., chlorination ofphloroglucol, TRANS., 423.Weddige, A., derivatives oforthamido-benzamide, 661.Weddige, A., and 31. K o r n e r , poly-meric dichloracctonitriles, 739.Weger. See R i t t h a u a e n .Wehaarg, K., iodic anhydride, 346.Weidel, H., and K. H a z u r a , hydro-compounds of cinchoninic acid, 561.Weidel, H., and B. Pick, compound8from animal tar, 556.Weigelt, C., estirmtion of wine ex-tract, 602.Weigle, T., presence of chlorine inpotassium bromide, 723.Weinberg, A. M., kaolin deposits ofsouth-west Russia, 879.Weinberg. See also F r i e d l a n d e r .We i n giir t,ner.Weinreb, C., cryolite glass, 1019.W e i n r e b , C., and S.Bondi, titrationof phenol with bromine, 1266.Weinreb. Set! also L a u b e r .W e i n s t e in, L., cc and P-hydropipericacids, 664.Weiske, H., and B. Scliulze, inflit-enw of certain auiides on the animalorganism, 409.Weis ke, water culture of lupines, 420.Welch, J. C . , limonite, 11 16.Weldon, W., preparation of chlorinefrom magnesium oxychloride, 1016.Wells, J. S., estimation of phosphoricacid in fertilisers, TRANS., 185.We 1 s b ac h, A. v., the rare earths, 350.Welsh. See Pechmann.W e l t n e r , A, action of pheuylbrom-W'ense. See Kleernann.Werner, E., bromoxytribromophenol,Werner. See also B e r t h e l o t .W e r t h . See Osmond.Werveke, L. v., ottrelihh rocks ofWeselsky, P., and R. B e n e d i k t ,W e s en don c k, K., diathermnncy ofW ey 1, T., nitmites in urine, 413.Weyl. See also F r e n z e l .W i c h e l h a us, H., crystalline basesfrom methyl violet, 895.Widmann, 0.) argentammoniumphosphate, 18.Rec N 61 t ing.acetic acid on ethyl acetate, 793.658.Attrk aild Viel-Salm, 961.resorcinol dyes, 526.esculin, 213INDEX OF AUTHORS. 1323W i d m a n n, O., nitrocumenylacrylicWiedemann, E., and C. Ludeking,Wiederhold, B., levonic acid, 653.W i e ga n d.W ieland, J., electrolytic estimations,Wiessner, J., the gun1 ferment, 1241.W i e t e r s h e i m and others, loss ofsugar in beetroots when stored, 102.W i l be r.W i l d . See Nolting.W i l d t , E., removd of the bitter prin-ciple froin lupines, 184.Wiley, H. W., determinations of lac-tose in milks by optical methods, 601. - maple sugar, 499.W i l f a r t h , H., modification of Kjel-dahl's method of estimating nitrogen,837.Wilkes, J. F., decomposition of potas-sium cyanide, 495.W i 1 k i n s on, E., occurrence of nativemercury in Louisiana, 876.Wili, W., naringin, 906.W i l l , W. W., apparatus for continualpercolation with boiling liquids, 631.W i l l g e r o d t , C., application of varioussubstances as halogen carriers, 1034. - a-dinitrophenyl thiobenzoate, andthe ethers of dinitrophenol mercap-tan, 519. - paranitrophenyl mercaptan endparanitropheriyl disulphide, 519. - trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid, 1232.W i l l g e r o d t , C., and P. Moh1,un-symmetrical metadinitrobenzenesul-phonic acid, 665.W i 1 l g e r o d t,C.,andA.Mii 11 er, acetonechloroform, acetone bromoform, andwetone iodoform, 648.Williams, C. T., influence of culturefluids and reagents on the growth ofBacillus tuberculosis, 578.Williams, G., occlusion of hydrogenby zinc-dpt, 634. - trimethylamine and pyrroline fromcoal-gas, 369.W i l l i a ni s, G. H., paramorphosis ofpyroxene to hornblende in rocks, 492.Wii 1 i a m 8, R., testing aniline bydro-chloride, 446.W i l l i a m s , W. J., treatment of re-donda phosphate, 1018.Wilm, new rhodium salts, 355.Wilm, V. T., estimation of fat in palm-nut meal, 290, 1164.W i 1 s b a c h, C., separation of didy miuminto its elements, 1113.Wilsing. See Stohmann.Wing. See Michael.acids and their derivatives, 55.thermal phenomena of collo'ids, 1031.See B e i l s t ein.442.See Au s t en.Winkelmann, A., dif€usion of gasesand vapours, 10. - diffusion of homologous etherealsalts, 10.- time of existence of thiosulphuricacid in aqueous solution, 722.W i n k 1 er, C., change of arseniousoxide from the amorphous to thecrystalline condition, 871.W i r t z . See Anechiitz.VC'islicenus, J., reactions of di-chlorether, 366.- reduction of phthalic anhydrideby zinc and glacial acetic acid, 57.Wislicenus, W., action of potassiumcyanide on phthalide, 532.Wispek and Zuber, formation of nor-mal propylbenzene, 972.Wispek. See also Radziszewski.W i t t , C. See Claus.W i t t, 0. N., new series of dyes, 945. - nitroso-derivatives of aromatic- tannin method of fixing colours onW i t t . See also Ndlting.W i t t en b erg, azophenylacetic acid, 661.W i t t i c h . See Elbs.W i t t i n g, F., Chilian boronatrocalcite,846.Wit z, A., calorific power of coal-gas,472. - combustion of mixtures of coal-gasand air, 857.W i t z, G., sulphurous anhydride in theair of towns, 953.Wheeler and Ludeking, new blow-pipe reagent, 596.Wolff, E., and others, digestibility ofclover and meadow hay by the horseand sheep, 411. -- digestibility of lucerne andclover hay by the horse and sheep, 410. -- digestibility of potatoes andcarrots with hay and oats by the horse,72.W o l f f , J. E., nepheline rocks of theUnited States, 230.Wolff, L., derivatives of levulinic acid,1123.W o l f f , N. See Weber.Wolfrum. See Ylochl.Wollner. See Ciaus.Wollny, E., absorptive and eraporativepoxers of various litters, 1008. - influence of the position of theset on the potato crop, 5Y6. -- influence of the soil and its culti-vation on the temperature and mois-ture of the air, 81. - micro-organisms in the soil, 426,683.amines, 782.cotton, 1024Wollny, E., protective influence ofgrowing plants on'the undergrowth, 77.Wollnp, E. See also Tautphous.Wollny, R., analytical operations andapparatus, 591, 835.Wood, J., and J. L. Borden, actionof ammonia on the halogen salte oflead, 1114.Wooldridge, L. C., fibrin ferment inblood, 1253. - origin of the fibrin ferment, 571.W o ri n g e r, L., camphanic acid, 668.W r i g h t , C.R.A.,and C. Thompson,determination of chemical afinity interms of electromotive force, 325, '721.W r i g h t , L. T., illuminating power ofmethane, TRANS., 200.Wroblews ki, S.V., electrical resistanceof copper a t very low temperatures.Insulating properties of liquid oxygenand nitrogen, 1099. - phenomena which accompany theevaporation of the permanent gases ina vacuum, 861. - production of low temperatures bymeans of liquid oxygen, nitrogen, &c.,715.W r o b 1 ewe k 7, E., decomposition ofdiazo-compounds by alcohol, 257.W u r t h n e r . See Lellniann.W i i s t and Kirohnor, Obmbochr-struck's milk refrigerator, 1022.W u r t z and Hennimgen, action ofethyl chlorocarbonate- on potassiumcyanate, 968.Wyrouboff, G., dispersion of sodiumchromate, 211.Y..Yo B h i d a, H., constituents of camphorYoung. See Ramsay.oil, TRANS., 779.2.Zaboudsky, hydrate of carbon fromZacharewicz. See Audoynaud.Zaleski, G., new reaction of carbonicZanni, J., tests for butter, 695.Z e h e n t e r , J., action of phenol andsulphuric acid on hippuric acid, 55,1235.Zepharovich, V. v., mineralogicalnotes, 641.Zepharovich. See also Moore.Bikes, H., butenylglyceryl chlorhy-drins, 1046.Zimmermann, J., and A. Miiller,new synthesis of pararosaniline, 386. -- paranitrobenzylidine chloride,hl.Zincke, T.. action of the amines onquinones, 787.Zincke, T., and H. Bindewald,phenylhydrazine derivatives of a- andP-naphthaquinone, 391.Zincke, T., and A.Breuer, the hydro-carbon Cl6HI2 from styrolene alcohol,269.Zincke, T., and A.Heberand, actionof quinones on amiilophenols, 257.Zolla, D., use of potaesium chloride inagriculture, 588.Zu e l z e r, W., estimation of chlorine inhuman urine, 608.Z ii r c h sr, K., formation of anilineblack, 1276.Ziirrer,.X., campholenic acid, 1241.Burper. Secsleo Goldschmidt.Zulkowsky, C., estimation of thehalogens in organic compounds, 1162.Zulkowsky, C., and C. LepBz, esti-mation of the halogem in organiocompounds, 591.ZwiJling, K., correct time for thehoney harvest, 590.cast-iron, 42.oxide hsemoglobin, 825

ISSN:0368-1769    

DOI:10.1039/CA8854801277

出版商:RSC    

年代:1885

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

INDEX OF SUBJECTS.ABSTRACTS. 1885.And also to Transactions, 1885 (marked TRANS.) ; and to such papersas appeared in Abstract of Proceedings but not in Transactions(marked PROC.).A.Absolute temperature, relation of ex-pansion of substances in gaseous,vaporous, and liquid state to, 1179.Absorption-spectra of alkaloids, 1174. -- of some colowing matters,1098.-- of organic compounds, rela-tion between the composition and, 949. - - relation between the molecularstructure of carbon compounds andtheir, Part VII, TRANS., 685. - thermograms, 1175.Acenaphthalide, bromamido-, TRANS.,- bromonitro-, preparation of, 1239. - iodo-, and iodonitro-, TRANS., 523.- y-nitro-, Liebermann’s, bromina-Acenaphthalides, nitro-, bromination of,Acetarnide, action of acetone and ainc- action of hydrogen on, 245.- , iod-, 373.a-Acetamido-&naphthol, 659.Acetanilide, action of carbonic anhy-- hydrochloride, decomposition pro-Acetates, chlor-, physical properties of,Acetcumidide, mono- and di-nitro-, 1215.Acetic acid, concentrated, preparation-- estimation of the strength of,-- trichlor-, action of, in the or--- vapour-pressure of, TRANS., 42.500.tion of, TRANS., 502.TRANS., 499.chloride on, 746.dride on the sodium salt of, 983.ducts of, 978.1121.of, 105.1267.ganism, 575.VOL. XLVIII.Acetoacetic ether and its derivatives,TRANS., 1.Acetobenzoic anhydride, action of hydro-cliloric acid and of chlorine on, 55.Acetochloroparaxylide, 1208.Acetone, action of ally1 and isobutyliodides on, in presence of zinc, 237.I_ action of, on aniline, 1246.- iod-, 648. - reaction of, with amides of the- tests for, 680.Acetonebenzil and its reactions, TRANS.,Acetonebenzilimide, TRANS., 24.Acetonebromoform, 648.Acetonechloroform, 648.Acetonedicarboxylic acid, 138. -- substitution-products of, 1201.Acetonediphenanthraquinone, TRANS.,20.Acetonephenanthraquinone, formationand reactions of, TRANS., 16, 17.Acetone phosphorus compounds, 747.Acetonequinol, 53.Acetonitriles, chlorinated, and theirderivatives, boiling point anomaliesof, 1120.- dichlor-, polymeric, 739.Actonuria, 680. - testing for acetone and allied sub-Acetonylacetone, action of alcoholic- action of phosphoric selenide on,- and its derivatives, 505.Acetoparatoluide hydrochloride, 979.Acetophenone, brom-, action of, on- dibrom-, derivatives of, 1223.acetic series, 746.22.stances in, 449.ammonia on, 1206.1207.amides, 162.4t1326 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.Acetophenone, orthonitro-, direct for-mation of, by nitration of acetophe-none, 1223.- parumonochlor-, 1061.Acetophenonebenzil, TRANS., 35.Acetoghenonecarboxylic phenylhydr-Acetophenoneorthocarboxylic acid, ac-Acetopseudocumide, 171.Acetopyrroline, action of heat on, 1143. - tribrom-, 10’78.P-Acetot-hienone and its derivatives, ?a.Acetothienone and some of its derioa-Acetothienonephenylhydrazine, 141.Acetothioxylen, and derivatives of, 1205.Aceto-xylide, 1 : 3 : 4 and 1 : 3 : 2, 145.Acetylacetamide, pentahrom-, 1202.Ace t,y Icy an ethine, 140.Acetyldihydroxydirnethylanthrarufin,1240.Acetylene and air, action of somemetals on mixtures of, 951.- mono- and di-iodo-, 1199.Acetylethylpyromeconamic acid, 1204.Acetylmethyltrimethylene, TRANS., 852.AcetylmethyltrimethylenecarboxylicAcetglphenylcarbamic acid, sodium saltAcetylpyrroline, 808.Acetyltoluene, 252.Acetyltrjmethylene, TEAKS., 834.Acetyltrimethylenecarboxylic acid andsome of its salts, TRANS., 831.Acid-albumin, alkali-albuminate, andalbumin, comparative experimentswith, 4@5.Acid amides from the decomposition ofalbumin, 581.Acidammoninm bases, 1220.Acid secretion, precise relations of, 923.Acids, asnities of, 4. - apparent influence of temperature,time, dilution, and other conditionson the reaction between zinc and,TRANS., 619.- bibasic, certain, action of nitricacid on, 964. - electric conductivity of, 3,323. - of the C,H2,02 series, action of heatand water on the halogen-substituted,506. - of the lactic series, oxidation of, 752. - of the oxalic series, solubility and- organic, decomposition of, under- weak, electric conductivity of, 1029.Acolyctine, 4&3.Aconitic acid, ethereal salts of, 1050.azide, 797.tion of sulphuric acid on, 166.tives, 141.acid, TRANS., 851.Of) 983.fusibility of, 335.the influence of light, 964.Aconitic acid, preparation of, from citric-- synthesis of an isomeride of,Aconitine, and tests for, 911.Aconitwm lycocfonum, alkalolds of, 403.Acridine, new syntheses of derivativesof, 987.Acrylic acid, bromine and iodine deriva-tives of, 1198.-- P-bromodichlor-, and its salts,507. -- monohalogen-deriratives of,509.Acrylic acids, a- and B-chlorodibrom-,and their Palts, 510.Actinse, chromatology of, 1251.Actiniohsematin, 1251.Actinolite, 27.Adenine, 1080.and its salts, 566.Adipamide, 887.Adipic acid and its salts, 43. -- dichlor- from a-dichloropro-Adoninidine, 833.Adonis cupaniana, 833.Bsculin, diatheimancy of, 213. - new reactions for, 302.Aftermath, first grass and, 586.Air, combustible organic matter in, 118. - estimation of oxygen in, 592. -- of towns, sulphurous anhydride in,- percentage of oxygen in, 1091.Air-baths for drying substances in aAlunine, action of ethyl oxalate on, 760.- formation of aniline-derivatives of,Albite from Amelia Co., Virginia, 130.Albumin, acid amides from the decom-position of, 581.- action of bromine on, 823. - alkali-albuminate, and acid-albu-min, comparative experiments with,405.acid, 1050.1125.-pionic acid, 753.953.current of air, 1035.760.- and its oxidation, 823. - formation of, in green plants, 289. - influence of asparagine on the- of the splenic fever bacilh, 177. - oxidation of, with potassium per-- preparation of, 69. - putrefaction of, and formation of- putrefaction of, in the alimentary- separation of caseln from, in-c - tests for, in new and old twine, 845.elimination of, 412.manganete, 824.skatole and indole, 567.canal of herbivortt, 284.human milk, 1015INDEX OF SUBJECTS.1327Albumin solutions, diffusion of, 405. -- filtration of, 567.Albuminoyds, 1146. - amido-acids resulting from theaction of hydrochloric acid and ofbarium hydroxide solutions on, 916. -- changes of, in cereals and potatoeswhen heated under pressure, 618. - composition of, 4-05. - constitution of, 1082. - estimation of, in urine, 451.- of milk, 1149. - new reaction for, 198.Albumose, examination 06 urine for,7 new forms of, 27’7’.Alcohol, aqueous, electric. eonductivity-- specific heat of, 1031. - electrical*resistance of, 1100.Alcoholates, alkaline, heat of formationAleohols, dihydric, carbonates of, 254.- hexahydric, reduction of, 1046. - polyhydric and certain monohy-dric, action of phenyl cyanate on,TRANS., 770.- - and their de~ivatives, prepa-ration of, by means of hypochlorousacid, 882. - secondary, characteristic reactions7 tertiary, physiological action of,100%Aldehyde, action of carbonyl chlorideon, 786.Aldehyde-collidine, reduction and oxida-tion-products of, 817.Aldehyde-derivatives, 136.- monochlor-, action of alcohol on,- parachlor - , 1196.Aldehydes, a reaction of, 38’7.- action of paramidodimethylan2ine- action of zinc organo-metallic cum-Aldol, action of hydrocyanic acd ofAlizarin, pamido-, 806. -- constitution and derivatives- dyeing with, on indigo, 711.Alizarin-blue, 806. -- history of, 106.Alkali - albuminate, acid - albumin andalbumin, comparative experimentswith, 405.Alkali stannites, inaction of, with ni-trites and nitrates, TRANS., 363.- waste, recovery uf sulphur from,1017.451.of, 1029.of, 1102.of, 64.6.366.on, 784.pounds on, 370.dilute sulphuric acid on, 240.of, 106%Alkaline earths, rate of formation of thecarbonates of, in relation to time,mass, m d nature of the bodies used€or precipitation, 480. - ferrocyanides and their compoundswith ammonium ohloride, 3M, - tetrathionates, preporation of1110.Alkalis, estimabion ofi, in silicates, 296.- lakmoyd and carminie acid as reAlkalord in Kooh’s cultimting fluids,- of Macleya cordata, M4.Alkaloi’ds, absorption-spectra of, 11’74. - action of iodine chloride on, 6’72.- formation of, in diseases, 926.-from the bark of Renayia pur-dieana, 64. -- in the root of the Atropa bella-donna, estimation of, 448.- of Aconitum lycoctonunt, 443. - of Coptis tmyolia, 4.03. - of nux vomica, TRANS., 139.- produced by the action of ammoniaon glucose, 1047. - quinine, estimation of, 845. - reactions of, 818. - separation of, in forensic analysis,Alkylhydroxanthranoles, constitution of,Alkylqumoline-derivatives, 814.Allactite, 959.~ optical propertiear of, 7’31.Allanite from Maine, analysis of, 491.Allntitok as a plant-constituent, 1007.Allantoxanic acid, synthesis of, fromAlbcaff eke, 674.Alloys, estimation of iron and chromium- estimation of oxygen in, 1167. - metallic, manufacture of, 461.- of copper with cobalt, 1114.- of indium with gallium, 638. - nature of, 954.Ally1 alcohol, action of dilute acids on,-- akbtternpts to prepale symme-- diethy1 carbinol, the hydrocarbonAllylmethylbenzene, 772.Allylphenylethylthiocarbamide, 383.Allyltaurine, preparation of, TRANS.,Aloes, detection of, in mixtures, 1015.- yield of aloPn from, 808.Alonn, yield of, from various aloes, 808.Alum, eoiubility of, in alumiuium sul-agents for, 931.1250.701. .1240.parabanic aaid, 360.in, 194.741.trical nllylene from, 740.C,Hj, prepared from, 232.369.phnte, 458.4 u INDEX OFAlumina, fkatien of, as a discharge onindigo - blue, 12’76.-and iron, separation of, 689. - bromide, thermic d&a for the wm-pounds of, with hydrocarbons, 4’72. - disdoluthn of, in alkaline hy-droxides, 1112. - manuhcture of, 98. - volumetric estimation of, in limeAluminium-bronze, manufacture of, 98.- calcium phosapkate, new, 64.0.- chloride, action of aluininium on,873. - - action of, on tolwne, thethree xylenes, and ethylbenzene,269. -- decomposing action of, onhydrocarbons, 654. - oxychlorides, 874. - salts, reactions of, 6 t h organiccompounds, 363. - sulphate, hydrated, a new, 124._I- pure and commercial, densityof solutions of, and the solubility ofdurn in, 458. - sulphite, preparation d, 725,1271.Alums, refractive indices of, 109, N97. - .specific gravities of, 109.Alunite, Roman, extraction of aluminaAlunogen from New Mexico, analysie. of,Amalgams, electric conductivity of,Amarine, an allotropic modification of,- derivatives of, 1132. - dinitro-, and diamido-, and salts of,Amazon stone from Amelia Co,, Virginia,Amides, action of bromacetophenone on,- certain, influence of, on the animal - of the acetic series, reaction of- of the fatty series, formation of- of the oxalic series, 886.Amidines, action of ethyl acetoacetateon, 158, 751.Amido-acids, resulting from the actionof hydrochloric acid and of bariumhydroxide solutions on albuminoids,916.- - some, optical behaviour of,759.Amidortzo-derivatires, secondary, newmethod of preparing, 168.and cement, 441.and potash from, 307.492.211.1063.1062.130.162.organism, 4Q9.acetone with, 746.amines from, 963.;UaTECTS.Amido-compounds, action of phenylisocyanate on, 260, 979.Amido-group, direct replacement of, inaromatic amines by the halogens, 521.-- substitution of, in aromaticderivatives by chlorine, bromine, andcyanogen, 149.Amidoximes, 895. - reactions of, 1216.Amines, action of, on methaldchyde,64’7. - aromatic, benzoyl-derivatives of,783. -- chlorinated and brominatedhydrocarbons from, 1060. -- nit roso -d erivat ives of, 782. - - oxidation of, 525. -- preparation of nitro-deriva-- conversion of phenols into, 147. - extraction of, from commercial- formation of, from the amides of- heats of formatiori of some salts of,Ammelide, 1194.Ammonchelidonic acid and its deriva-Ammonia, absorption of, by various- estimation of, in potable water,- fixed, mpid estimation of, 190. - grts, preparation of, 722. - oxidation of carbon by the electro-l p i s of a solution of, 1125.-- of, in spring water, 704.- preparation of, 1017. -- from nitrogenous minerals,304. - preservatbn of, in stable manure,187.Bmmoaia-soda process, recovery ofhydnochloric acid as a bye-product in,199. -- removal‘ of the ammo-nium salts in sodium bicarbonateobtained by, 1269.Ammonia, superphosphatic gypsum asan absorbent of, 83. - spectrum of, with a reversed in-duced current, 1025.Ammonio-ammonium picrate, 19.Ammonio-cupric sulphate, 873.Arnmonio-metallic nitrates, 634.Ammonio-silver compounds, 18.Ammonio-zinc sulphates, separation ofan aqueous solution into two layers,485.Ammonium bases derived from quino-line, 814.etives of, 112’7.methylamine, 501.the fatty eeries, 963.in dilute solutions, 716.t.ives, -96.5.c carbon compounds, 723.I 194INDEX OF SUBJECTS.1329Ammonium bases, some, physiological- benzenesulphonate, dry distillation- carbamate, dissociation tension of,- dichromate, action of light on,- ferricyanide, action of light on,- ferrocyanide, preparation of, 36%. - fluochromate, effect OG heat on,- fluosilicates, thermochemistry of,- hydroxide, non-existence of, 484. - nitrate and nitrite, heahdecom-- - anhydrous ammoniacal, action- oxdate, right- and left-handed- salts, a new reaction of, 441. -- combination of ammonia with, II_- distribution of, in the animal7 sulphate, decomposition 04 by-- or Chili saltpetre as a manure,- sulphite and bisulphite, heat of - thiocyanate, poisonous effects 06,Amorphous phosphorus, action ofAmphibole from the Aranyer Mountain,Amphiboles containing alumina, cmsti-Amp hiph enac ylni trile, 5 60.Amy1 acetate and chloride, tertiary, dis-sociation of, in presence of rough sub-stances, 1033.Amylase, presence of, in leaves, 182.Amylene, action of benzoic peroxide on,Amylolytic action, influence of bile, bileAmyltoluenes, 517.Analytical operations and apparatus,Andesite from Trifail in Styria, 735.Angelic and ti& acids, oxidation of, 42.n- and p- Angelica lactones, 1123.Anglesite from Felso-Visd, 733.Anhydrides of mono- and bi-basic acids,7 organic, preparation of, 943.Anhydroacetylorthamidobenzamide andaction of, 415.of, 799.859.11'73.1173.1114.626.position of, TRANS., 232.of, on metals, 1039.crysttlls of, 1049.723.body, 921.means of sodium sulphate, 613.1156.formation of, 471.on vegetation, 76.sulphur on, 483.2%.tution of, 32.366.salts, and bile acids on, 999.591, 835.formation of, 243.its salts, 661.Anhydrocamphoronic acid, 807.Anhydrophenyltaurine, 786.Anhydrosulphaminephthalic acid andAnilacetowdiic wid, monobrom-, 273.Anilim aci4 chlor-, constitution of,- - nitro-, prepamtien ~ f ? '779.Anilides, action of dilute nitric mid on,- of orthophosphoric acid, 1134.Anilidohydroxyqyinone, 787.Anilidohydroxyq~oneanilide and iteAnilidoperezone, 778.Anilidopyrotartaric acid and its deriva--- condensation - product of,Anilidopyrotarhwimide and its deriva-Aniline, action of aeetone on, 12M.- action of P-ehlorethylenesdphonic- action of formaldehyde on, W2. - action of phosphorus trichloride- black, formation of, 1276.- hydrochloride, testing, 446. - nitrate, parabrom-, action ofnitrous anhydride on, 781. - nitro-derivativeeaf, 1127.-orthonitro., new method of pre-- paranitr-, a.otiw.a of ethylchloro-- vapour-pressures of, TRANS., 647,Anilines, nitro-, three, conversion of,Anilinesulphonie acid, orthonitro-, 535.Animal charcoal in sugar-refining, 205.7- treatment of, 1170. - organism, action and metamor-phosis of some substances in, in rela-tion to diabetes, 683. -- formation of fat from carbo-hydrates in, 280. -- influence of certain amideson, 409. - tar, compounds from, 556.Animals, existence of manganese in,Anise oil, preparation of, in Annam,Anisic acid, brom-, derivatives of, 530.-- monochlor-, monobrom-, a dAnisodiacetonamine, 503.Anisotropic structures, difference be-tween crystalline and, 631.Anorthite, synthesis of, 960.its salts, 539.1210.1213.ethers, 787.tives, 900.901.tives, 900.ch€oride on, 786.on, 254.paring, 535.carbonate on, 149.655.into nitrobenaoic acids, 981.421.1275.moniod-, 1461330 INDEX OF SUBJEOTS.Anthemene, a hydmearbon obtainedAnthracene from wster-gas tar, 549. - remarkable formation of, 806.Anthranilcarboxylic and isatoic acids,experiment9 to esthblish the identityor otherwise of, 666.Anthranilic acid, preparation of, 159.Anthraquinone, an orthoquinone of,TRAXS., 684. - some derivatives of, TRANS., 679.Anthraquinonemonosulphonic acid, drydistillation of the s o d i m salt of,TRANS., 679.Anthraxproteyn, 178.Antimonic acid, potassium and sodiumsalts of, 1184.Antimony bromide and iodide, heat offormation of, 1101. - delicate tests for, 1013.- electrolytic estimation of, 191. - estimation of, 297. - tin and arsenic, electrolytic se--- qualitative separation of, 839.Antiseptic, phloroglucinol as an, 454. - power, relation of, to chemicalAntiseptics, 612. - action of, on higher organisms,1085, 1253.Apatite, effect of heat 8n the opticalproperties of, 26. - from Amelia Co., Virginia, 126. - from Logrozan (Spain), 30.7 from the granite of KympusanMountain, Eai, Japan, 221. - manganese in, C;@.Amchinine, 911.from Roman chamomile, 3'7.paration of, 932.constitution, 1016.Apophyllite from960.Lamaster co., Pa.,Apoturmeric acid, 271.Apparatus for breaking electric circuitin an atmosphere of hydrogen, 3.- for chemical laboratories, 18, 481,631,1035.7 for collecting and analysing thegases dissolved in water, 691. - for continuous percolation withboiling liquids, 631, 835.7 for demonstrating the liquefactionof oxygen, 331. - for drying in a vacuum at highertemperatures than that of theatmusphere, 1035. - for filtering in a vacuum or in acurrent of gas, 631. - for fractional distillation underreduced pressure, 950. - for lecture experiments, 215. - for the correct reading of gasvolumes over water, 1010.Apparatus f o r the determination ofvapour-densities a t low temperatures,9.- for the estimation of starch, 843.- for the rapid estimation of hydro-- new, f o r electrolysis, 715.e_ new, for the constant production- to determine the equivalents of- used for precipitating copper byAqueous vapour of hydrated Ealts,-- of salt solutions, tension of,Arabinose, a new acid from, 500.- and galactose, non-identity of,Arachidic acid, 608.Arbutin, 1096.Arbutose, 1096.Archil extract, detection of magenta in,1015.Argentammonium chloride and bromide,crystallised, 18. - compounds, 18. - phosphate, 18.Aromatic compounds, nitration in theside-chains of, 662. - hydrocarbns, new method of pre-paring, TRANS., 898.Arsenic acid, preparation of, 871. -- solutions, reduction of, bymeans of sulphurous anhydride, 634.- and arsenious acids, existence ofcompounds of, 871.I_ antimony and tin, electrolyticseparation of, 932.- - - qualitative separation- compounds of platinum and, 728. - delicate tests for,. 1013. - detectlion of, in presence of- estimation of, in iron and iron-- of, in judicial cases, 439.-- separation of, from antimony andtin, 86. - trifluoride, 121.Arsenious anhydride, compounds of,m-ith potassium bromide and iodide,723.I_ oxide, action of nitric acid on,TRANS., 196,197. -- change of, from the amor-phoue to the crystalline conditlon,871. - - compounds of, wit,h potassiumchloride, bromide, and iodide, 955.gen peroxide, 430.of gas, 722.certain elements, 481.electrolysis, improvement in, 597.tension of, 213.862.41.of, 839.antimony, 838.ores, 838INDEX OFA)-temisia gallica, chemical compositionAsarone, 669.Aseptol, 1016.-- as an antiseptic, 1166.Ash-determinations, 598.Asparagine, action of methyl iodide on,- as a plant-constituent, 1007. - influence of, on the animal organism,409. - in0uence of, on the elimination ofalbumin, 412. - quantitstive estimation of, 935.Aspartic acid, 968. -- optically inactive, 377. -- hydrochlorides of normalAsphalt, manufacture of, 309.Assimilation, activity of, by leaves,Astncus jluviatiilis, uric acid from theAstracanite, 732.Atmospheric absorption, amount of, 319.Atomic valency, PROC., 122. - weight and physiological function,relation bet ween, 11 50. -- gravitation and, 728. - weights of carbon, phosphorus, tin,- -- the unit adopted for, TRANS.,Atripaic acid, a new organic acid fromAtropa belladonna, estimatioii of theAtropine, detection of, 448.Atroxindole, 529.Augites from phonolites and similarrocks, chemical composition of, 34.- of noteworthy composition, '735. - of the Kaiserstuhl mountains inAuric chloride, action of phosphine on,Auto-accumulator, 854.Avogadro's law, an elementary demon-Azinsuccinic acid, U- and /3-, derivativesAzoacetoaceticbenzoic acid, 788.Azobenzene, amido-, derivativea of, 384,660. -- relation of diazobenzene-anilide to, TRANS., 917. - diamido-, and homologues, forma-tion of, from diazobenzeneanilide,TRANS, 923.- dimeta- and dipara-diamido-, 1131. - niono- and di-nitro-, reduction of,of, 684.968.ethereal salts of, 886.289.green glands of, 680.and zinc, 348.426.the sugar-cane, 653.alkaloi'ds in the root of, 448.Baden, 734.875.stration of, 13.of, 886.789.XJBJEC T S.1331Azobenzene, nitration of, 789. - triamido-, 1131.Azobenzeneazoethyl-P-naphthylamine,Azobenzenenitrolic acids, 894.Azobenzenes, nitro-, 894.Azobenzenesulphinic acids, 984, 1139.Azobenzenethiosulphonic acids, 934,Azo-compounds, 385.-- secondary and tertiary, re-searches on, No.*III, TRANS., 657.Azo-cumic acid, derivatives of, 390.Azo-derivatives, 904.Azo-dyes, combination of, with hydrogensulphites, 987. -- iodated, 673. - -- preparation of, 945, 1172. -- yellow, preparing, 883.Azomalonicbenzoic acid, 788.Azomethylphenyl, 1061.a-Azonaphthalene, and the melting pointof the amido-compound, 545.Azonitrolic acids, reduction of, 789.Azonitromethanebeiizoic acid, 788.Azophenylacetic acid and its salts, 661.Azoresorcinol, 776.Azoresorufin, 776.Azotimeter, Bulkowsky's, modificationof, 593.Azotine, 424.Azotoluidine and its salts, 975, 1128.Azoximes, 895.Azoxybenzene, resolution of, TRANS.,Azoxyisopropylbenzoic acid, 390.Azoxybenzenesulphonic acids, and saltsAzoxytoluidine, 974.- and its salts, 1128.Azylines, 895.168.1139.mixed, 157. --923.of, 9a.B.Bacillus subtilis, chemistry of, 287. - tuberculosis, intluence of culturefluids and reagents on the growth of,5'78.Bacteria, 578.-of the genus tyrothrix and theirspores, action of various compoundson, 289.Barium chloride, preparation of, 19.- nitrosulphate, existence of, TRANS.,Barks, various tannin-yielding, 946.Barley, changes occurring in, duringmalting, and in the manufacture ofspirits, 617.364.- crop of 1883, experimental, 1259INDEX 01Barley, influence of calcium sulphide on,- malting, properties- of, 1169. - manuring, with sodium nitrate,- quality of, for Brewing, 1169. - steeping of, 1273.Barleys of different countries, eompari-Barosma crenata, examination of theB a r y b from Mittklagger and PQsea,Base, new, occurring in the animalBaseej cqwtalline; from methyl-violet,- derived from ppoline, 1242. - qualitative estimation of, withoutBasic nitrate6 634. - salts, investigation of, 351.Battery with 8 circulating liquid, 7l4.- with two liquids, 853.Bauxite from Langsdorf, 357.Beakers, glass, toughened, PROC., 86. --- action of sdphuric midon, PRO~., 87.Bean crop of 1884, experimental, 1258.Beef, extract of, changes produced bythe growth of bacilll in mlutions of,287.I_- fat, examination of, 4%6.Beer, white, reddening of, 1169.Beers, American, nitrogenous contknnteBeeswax, non-acid constithente of, 962.Beet, cultivation of, 164. - - at Grignon in 1884,423. - direct estimation of sugsn in, 842. - growth of, 685. - manured with phosphatee; 1157. - manuring, 429. - new process of extbction of, 464. - parallel experiments on peat com-post and Chili saltpetre as manuresfor, 429. -- simple estimation of sugar in,1163. - topped and untopped, keeping of,1009.- vegetation of, in the second year,293. - juice, purification of, by means ofmagnesia and alumina, 1021. - - recovery of, by lime, &c., 709. -- use of lime in the separationof, 1170. - mark sections, dried washed, pre-servation of, 685. - molasses, occurrence of leucine andtyrosine in, 245.1154.1169.son of, 422.leaves of, 1142.733.organism, 566.895.hydrogen sulphide, 1012.of, 204.3UBTECTS.Beetroot pulp, exhausted, influence of,- seed, large and small hulled, ger-Beetroots, absorption of water by, 928.- loss of sugar in, when stored, 102.Beet sections, ensiled, feeding milch- seed as-fodder for cattle, 425. -- peculiarities and cultivationBeets, formation of sugar in, 75. - shaded and unshaded, 1155.- varioiis, cultivation of, 424.Bengal lights, urn of magnesium for,1172.Benzal chloride, a- and p-trichloro-,770.Benzaldeliyde, action of, on nitrome-thane and nitroethane, 160. - compounds of, with aniline hydro-ohloride, and with atannic chloride,628.on cow’s milk, 73.mination of, 832.cows with, 833.of, 587.- metachlom., preparation of, 1136. - metanitro-, action of aldehyde on,- paranitro-, 661. -- action of aldehyde on, 527.- CP and B-trichloro-, and the oxida-Benzaldehyde-green, preparation ofBenzaldiacetonamine and its derivatives,Benztlldibenzoylacetic acid, 1238.Benzddoxime, paranitro-, paramido-,Benzalmalonic acids, nitro-, TRANS.,Benzalphthalethimidine, 1229.Benzalbhthalimidine and its nitro-deri-Benzamide and its derivatives, 895.- melting point of, 1143. - orthamido-, derivatives of, 661.Benzamidine, action of acetic anhy-dride on, 158. - action of ethyl acetoacetate on,159.a-Benzamido-&naphthol, 659.Benzamidophenol, 658.Benzamsetacic acid, 534.Benzamsuccinamide, 533.Benzamsuccinanilide, 533.Benzamsuccinic acid, 533.Benzanilide hydrochloride, 979.Benzaniline, constitution of, 154.Benzazoethyl- a- and 8-naphthylnmine,Benzene, action of ethyl diazoacetate- boiling, action of chlorine on, 52.791.tion of the B-compouiid, 770.some dyes from, 311.503.662.155.Tative, 1229, 1230.168.on, 1208INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 1333Benzene, bromo-, preparation of, fromaniline, 149. -- vapour-pressures of, TRANS.,646, 655.- chloro-, vapour-pressures of,TEAXS., 642, 654. - crude, presence of isocyanates inthe first running of the distillationof, 463. - derivatives obtained by the actionof carbonic oxide on potassium-, 1127. - description and measurement ofthe spectrum of, TRANS., 694. - disulphoxide, 798. - hexabromide, andl hexachloride,preparation of, 1126..__ B-hexachloride, 518._I hexachloride, isomeride of, 52. - isodinitro-, reduction of, 660. - metadinitro-, action of potassium- nucleus, identity of the two ortho-- ortho- and para-dinitro-, action of- ortho- di-derivatives, migrations-in,- orthodinitro-, separation of, from- preparation of homolbgues of, by-- series, isomerism in, 628. - theory, 251.Benzeneazo-a-naphthol, identity of, wittiu-naphthaquinonehydrazide, 391.Benzeneazo-u- and &naphthol, para-nitro- and paramido-, TRANEI., 661.Benzeneazophenol, paranitro-, and par-amido-, TRANS., 658, 659.Benzeneazophenyl - B - naphthylamine,168.Beuzeneazoresorcinol, paranitro- andparamido-, TRANS., 660.Benzeneazosalicylic acid, paranitro-, andparamido-, TRANS., 666, 667.Benzenehydrazinesulphonic acid, nitro-,and amido-, 1216.Benzenesulphone, 535.Benzenesulphonic acid, metadinitro-,unsymmetrical, 665.- - nitrobromo-, 12%. -- trinitro-, 1232.Benzenesulphonic acids, amido-, oxida-tion of, by potassium permanganate,984.Benzenetetracarboxylic acids, constitu-tion of, and prepmation of, from du-rene, 166.Benzenyl-u-amido-8-naphtholy659.Benzenylamidoximc, action of acetic,propionic, and butyric acids, chlo-ridss, and anhydrides on, 897.cyanide on, 656.positions in, 972.potassium cyanide on, 657.658.its isomerides, 657.aid of aluminium chloride, 769.Benzenylsmidoxime, action of anhy-drides of bibasic acids on, 1219.- action of ethyl chlorocarbonate andof carbonyl chloride on, 1216.- action of sodium amalgam on aque-ous solutions of, 895. - derivatives of, 895. -- relations of, to the benzhydr-oxamic group, 790.- ethyl ether, 790.- metanitro-, and i t 0 derivatives,-- derivatives of, 1217.Benzenylamidoximebenzenyl, met-Benzenylaanidoximecarboxylic acid andBenzenylazoximebenzenyl, metamido-,- metanitro-, 897.B enzenylazoximebenzenylorthocarbo-Benzenybzoxime carbinol and its de-BenzenylazoximepropenylcarboxjlicBenzenylazoximethenyl, metanitro-,Benzenylbenzamidoalisarin, 1069.Benzenyldiphenylamidinc, 979.Benzcnyletfhoxime chloride, 790.Benzen~lethoximidoethyl ether, 790.Benzhydroxamic group, relations of,to benzenylamidoxime-derivatives,790.Banzil and acetone, action of potash on- and acetophenone, action of potash- condensation-compounds of, with- derivatives, 1067.Benzilam and its nitration, 1067.Benzilimide, constitution of, 1067.Benz-P-naphthylamide, 990.Benzoic acid, action of chromium hexa-fluoride on, 1224.-- metanitramido-, action ofpotassium cyanate on, 54. -- - occurrence of, in coal-taroils, 792.-- orthonitro-, derivatives of,263. - acids, amido-, three, conversion of,into phthalic acids, 981.-- chloro-, bromo-, and fluor-,preparation of, 788. -- nitro-, conversion of the threenitranilines into, 981.Benzo’in, Siamese, 620.Benzo’inanilide and its derivatives,896.amido-, 1217.its ethyl salt, 1227.and derivatives of, 1217.xylic acid and its salts, 1219.rivatives, 1217.acid and its salts, 1219.8%.a mixture Of, TRANEI., 21, 27, 33.on a mixture of, TRANB., 34, 35.ethyl alcohol, TRANS., 90.10671334 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.Benzonitrile, decomposition of, by fum-- metanitro-, 896.Benzophenone, derivatives of, 1236. - orthonitro- and orthaniido-, 1236.Benzoquinone and a-naphthaquinone,behaviour of, towards sulphuric acid,802.Benzoylacetic acid, and some of itsderivatives, Parts I1 and 111, TRANS.,240, 262.-- paranitro-, derivatives of,794.Benzoylacetocarboxylic acid, action ofphenylhydrazine on, 797.Benzoylacetonamine, 1237.Benzoylacetone, preparation and deriva-tires of, 1237.Benzoylacetophenone, preparation of,TRAES., 251.Benzoylamidoethylbenzene, ortho- andpara-, 256.Benzoylbenzenetetracttrboxylic acid, 254.Benzoylcarvoxime, 1058.Benzoylecgonine, 997. - and its conversion into coca‘ine,Benzojlethylaniline, ‘784.Benzoylhomoconic acid and its salts,Benzoylhomopiperidic acid, 176.(3-Benzoylhydrocinnamic acid, TRANS.,Benzoylimidocoumarin, 898.Ben zo yliso durene, 2 53.Ben z oylisop rop y lo r thocarbox yl ic acid,Benzoylmethylaniline and its nitro-Benzoylmethyl t(- and P-naphthylamine,Benzoylparatoluic acid, 261.Benzoylphthaloparatoluide, 1 55.Benzoylphthalopseudocumidic acid, 154.B-Benzoylpropionorthocarboxylic acidBenzoylpseudocumidine, derivatives of,Benzoylthiodiphenylaruine, 1130.Uenzoyltribromophenol and its nitro-Benzoylti-imethjlene, TRANS., 840.- action of hydroxylamine on, TRANS.,844.Benzoyltrimethylenecarboxylic acid, ac-tion of hydrobromic acid on, TRANS.,842. -- and some of it3 salts, TRANS.,836.Benzoyltrimet,hyleneoxime, TRANS,, 845.Benzyl bromide, action of the copper-ing sulphuric acid, 52, 142.1249.176.32.268.derivatives, 783.784.and its salts, 267.154.derivatives, 890.zinc couple onz TRANS., 448.Benzyl bromide, parabromo-, formationchloride, nitro-, reduction of, 770.-- orthonitro-, 52. - cyanide, action of phthalic anhy-dride on, 902.- ethers of brominated nitrophenols,and their behaviour on reduction,1209.Benzplamarine and its derivatives,1132.Benzylnrsines, 526.Benzylazoximebenzenyl, metanitro-, de-Bcnzylcinnamic acid, 987.Benzjlcjanideorthocarboxylic acid andBenzylene, a- and B-, and a nitro-derivs-Benzylhydroxanthranol, 1240.Benzylidene chloride, paranitro-, pre-paration of, 771.Benzylidenemethylphenylhydrazine,535.BenzylideneparadimethyIphenyIenedi-amine, 388.Benzylidenephthalide and ita deriva-tives, 902, 1229. - dibromide, 165.Benzylidene-rhodanic acid and its salts,Benzylindole, 543.Brnzjlindolecar boxylic acid, 543.Beiizylisodurene, 253.Benzylnarceine and its salts, 997.B enzylphenjlacetoximorthocarboxylicBenzylphenylnitrosaniine, preparationBenzylphthalidine and its nitroso-deri-Benzylpseudoisatin, 543.Benzylquinoline, bromo-, halogen-ileri-Benzylquinolinecarboxylic acid, 908.Benzylquinolinium hydroxide, 639.Berberine, detection of, 606.Bergamotte oil, adulteration of, withoil of turpentine, 1163.Bertrandite, 643.Beryl, occurrence of alkalis in, 490.Beryllia, solubility of, in a solution ofBer-Ilium, atomic weight of, 484, 1184.- speciEc heat of, 1184.Besseiner converter, utilisation of theBetai‘ne in cotton seed, 50.Be1 ai‘nes, 160.Bignonia catalpa, 2’72.Bile acids, behaviour of, with gelatinand gclatin peptonee, 822.oP, from parabromotoluene, 379.I_rivatives of, 1217.its salts, 532.tive of, TRANS., 450.40.acid, 903.of, 543.vative, 903.vatives of, 908.ammonium chloride, 489.heat of the flame of, 12’11IYDNX OF SUBTECTS.1335Bile, bile salts, and bile acids, influenceof, on amylolytic and proteolyticaction, 999.Biliary acids, methods of estimating, inblood or urine, 577.Biliverdin, 676.Bismuth and pepsin, 712. - antimoniates, 875.- atomic weight of, 354. - new compounds of, 653. - subnitrate, nitric peroxide in, 354. - trichloride, action of hydrogenphosphide on, 218. - variation in the electrical resistanceof, when placed in a magnetic field,469.Bisulphites, action of, on chlorates, 207.Bitumens, origin of, 488.Bituminous coals, from Alabama, Ten-nessee, and Kentucky, analyses of,1185.Blast furnace, phosphorus in, 616.-- consumption of fuel in, 200.Blasting powder, 315.Bleaching powder, constitution of, 19.Blood, action of potassium nitrite on,682. - amount of sugar and reducing sub-stances in, under various circum-stances, 829. - colouring matter of, 69, 825. - decomposition products of the- fibrin ferment in, 1253.7 plasma, soaps as coustituents of,- studies on, 71. - sugar in : its source and significa-tion, 411.Blowpipe reagent, new, 596. -- silver iodide as, 1157.Bodily labour, influence of, on the elimi-natiou of nitrogen, 412.Boiling of liquids in a vessel containedin a water-bath, 474.Boilirlg point and pressure, 1176. -- Kahlbaum’s so-called ‘‘ spe-cific remission” as an expression ofthe dependence of, on atmoAphericpressure, 717.- points and melting points as re-lated to chemical composition, 329. -- of saline solutions, 331. -- relation between critical and,859.Bojanus in Anodonta, examination ofthe organs of, 921.Bornbyx mori, chemical changes attend-ing the development of the embryo inthe eggs of, 1000.Bone-meal, investigation of, 851.Borat es, natural, 28.colouring matters of, 826.573.Borax deposits in California andBoric acid, action of, on calcium car-- - non-volcanic origin and originBorneol, reduction of camphor to, 991.Boronatrocalcite, Chilian, 846.Bottle-glass, action of dilute acids on,Bottles for reagents, 835.Bournonite, 220.Brain, relation of phosphoric acid tonitrogen in urine during feeding with,283. - substance, new method of proxi-mate resolution of, 918.-- of the horse, composition of,918.Brazile’in, preparation of, 90’7.Brazilin, aceto- and bromo-derirstive3Bread, gluten-, estimation of starch in,BreadstufFs, growth of, in various lati-Brewing, progress in, 1169.Brochantite, artificial, analysis of, 1117.Bromination of aromatic compounds,influence of light on the course ofchemical reactions in, 888.Bromine as a test for quinine, narcotine,and morphine, 96.-- carriers, 1182. - chlorine, and iodine, exchayge of,between organic and inorgani : cum-pounds, 34, 35. - estimation of, in organic com-pounds, 1162. - iodine, and chlorine, detection of,295, - quantitative separation of chlorineand, 836. - substitution, thermochemistry of,627.Bromoform, preparation of, 463.Bronze, Weiller’s silicon-, 303.- statues, cause of the blackening ofBronzes, Indian, and their patinas, some,- Japanese, analyses of, 204.Bronzite from South Africa, composi-tion of, 132.Brown coal of Istria and Dttlmatia, 125.Brucine, 564, 565. - action of chromic mixture, and ofphosphorus pentachloride on, 276. - action of hydrochloric acid on, 63. - constitution of pyridine-derivativesfrom, 273.Nevada, 957.bonate in the cold, 484.of, 876.459.of, 907.299.tudes, 78.water, 1169. -the patina of, 1270.analyses of, 1001336 lNDEX OF SUBJECTS.Brucine, hydrobromide, action of bro-- microchemical test for, 449. - oxidation-product of, 819.- physiological action of, TRANS.,-- relation of, to strychnine, 114.6.Briicke’s acid, 824.Bryonin, detection of, 606.Bunsen-battery, suppression of nitrousBunsen-burner, a modified, TRANB;,Bunsen’s salt, 365.Burette for solutions which are easilyreduced and which attack indiarubber,.835.B utddeh yde, 138.Butenylglyceryl chlorhydrins, 1046.Butter analgsis, 44.6, - - methods of, 197.-- notes on Reichert’s method- estimation of, in cream, 8441. - examinations of, 196. - from cow’s, goat’s, and ewe’s milk,composition of, 309. - Kocttstorfer’s method for the ex-amination of, for foreign fats, 300. - made by difFerent processes,qualityof, 105. - melted, 1171. - new conserving agent for, 612. - tests for, 696, 696.I_ yield of, from fresh and staleButter-fat estimations, Soxhlet’s arm-Butterine, tests for, 696.Butyl alcohol, trichloro-, action andfate of, in the animal organism, 283.Butylenedicarboxylic acids, 754.Butylenes, action of chlorine on, 645. - separation of, 495.Butglg lgcidic acid, 65 1.Butylmalonic acid, normal, 44.Butyl-nitrous acid, 647.Butyric fermentation in the diffusionvessels of sugar factories, 464.Butyrolactone and its ethyl-deiiTative,374.Buxw sempervirens, parabuxinidine, tifourth alkaloid from, 177.Bje-prodiict obtained in the preparationof diallyl carbinol, composition of, 237.mine on, 911.143.fumes from, 851.378.of, 197.cream, 620.metric, 603.C.Cabbage oil from Brassica, q., 1022.Cadmium, action of, on ammoniumnitrate, 1039.Cadmium, electrolytic estimation of,- estimation of, 1094.- hydroxide, cry stallised, formation- new method of separating copper- proportion of, in zinc-dust, 461..- separation of, from copper, 1012.Gaff e‘ine chloriodirle, and its hydrochlor-- and its derivatives, 995. - methglhydroxide, and its pro-Caffetannic acid in Virginia creeperCalaite, pseudomrphous after apatite,Calcium, metate, valuation of, 1014.- carbonate, action of boric acid on,in the cold, 4B4. - chloride drying tube used inelementary analysis, modification of,687. -- obtaining hydrochloric acidirom, 705. - hydrosulphide, preparation of, inthe wet way, TRANS., 485. - oxide and carbonate, volumetricestimation of, 296.c_ phosphate, or2igin and formationof masses of, in sedimentary rocks,their relation to the iron ores andclays of the siderolithic horizon, 127.- some sulphur compounds of,TRANS., 478. - sulphate, solubility of, in salinesolutions, 1183. - sulphide, influence of, on barley,1154. -- preparation of, in the dryway, TRANS., 480. - thioearbonate, TRANS., 486.Caledonite, Russian, 1186.Calorimetric invedigations, 857, 949,Camphanic acid and its derivnt,ives, 668.Campholactone, 669.Campholenic acid and its calcicm d+,-- so-called, 173.Camphor, bromonitro-, 270. - constitution of, 395. - derivatives, 1071. -- crystallographic properties- monochlorobromo-, 668. - monochloromonobromo-, an iso-- motions of, on the surface of water,- reduction of, to borneol, 991.190.of, 1183.from, 193.ide, 1250.ducts of deeomposition, 674.(Cissw p i q u e f olia), 1255.from Californk, 958.1252.1241.of, 1141.merit, 806.951,1180INDEX OF SUBJECTS.1337Camphor, trichloro-, preparation of, 58. - oil, chemical examination of the-- Japanese, 270.Camphoric acid, heat of solution of,Camphorogenol, TRANS., 793.Camphoronic acid, 59. -- and its salts, 395, 807.Camphoroxime, anhydride of, and itsderivatives, 1071.Canarine, preparation of, 365.Cane-sugar, action of neutral salts, andof temperature on the inversion of,1181.7 action of the succinic acid fermenton, 1152. - inversion of, 882. - manufacture of, from starch, 1274.Canned goods, poisoning by, 1016.Caoutchouc, substitute for, 712. - vulcanised, analysis of, and esti-mation of the sulphur in the same, 841.Capillarity of liquids a t the boilingpoints, constants of, and remarks on,- of members of homologous series,relation between constants of, andtheir specific gravity, 1180.-- of saline solutions, constants of,1105. - specific gravity, and cohesion, rela-tion between, 1180.Capillary attraction, 112. -- separation bg, 477. - constants of certain aqueous andalcoholic eolutions, 866. - constants of liquids and cohesionof solids, 866. - gas absorption, 867.- meniscus angle, infiuence of tem-perature on, 1033. - phenomena in relation to consfitu-tion and molecular weight, 116. - tubes, rise of solutions in, 115.Caprolactone, action of sodium ethjlateon, 375.Caprylbenzene, paramido-, and its deri-vatives, 523.Caramel, testing for, in wines and spirits,604.Carbamide, actiou of ethyloxalic chlorideon derivatives of, 1195.- apparatus for estimating, andLiebig’s method for the estimationof, 610.constituents of, TRANS., 779.1178.717, 721.- derivatives of, 246. - eetimation of, by bromine, 450.-excretion of, by the human sub-- sources of error in the titration of,ject, 830.with mercuric nitrate, 702.Carbamide, titirttion of, 450.Carbamidoazobenzene, 660.Carbrtnilidocyanmethine, and mono-Carbimidamidobenzoyl, 1227.Carbohydrates in human liver, 679. - phenols as reagents for, 694. - which form jellies, classification of,Carbon and some of its compounds,7 atomic weight of, 348.- behaviour of the different modi-fications of, towards iron a t an elemtedtemperature, 725.- bisulphide, action of baryta-wateron, 137.-- action of direct qunlight on amixture of nitric acid with, containedin sealed tubes, 1110.bromo-, 961.500.reactions with, 119.-- rtntiseptic properties of, 97. -- in aqueous -solution aa a-- preparatioii of standard solu--- solubility of, in rwater, 630. -- some reactions of, and its-- use of, in prisms, 853. -- vapour-pressures of, TRANS.,653.Carbon-chains, closed, synthetical form-ation of, TRANS., 801.Carbon, chlorophyll in the living cell,and assimilation of, 182.Carbon-compounds, certain, heats ofcombustiondof, 326, 327. -- electrical conductivity of,624.relation between the mole-cular structure of, and their absorptionspectra, TR INS., 685.1161.remedy for phglloxera, 77.tions of, 84.solubility in water, 137.--- electro-deposition of, 110.- estimation of, in iron and steel,- hydrate from cast-iron, 42. - oxidation of, by the electrolysis ofa solution of ammonia, 1125.Carbonates of the alkaline earths, rateof formation of, in relation to time,mam, and nature of the bodies usedSor prscipitation, 480.Carbonic acid gas, decomposition of, bythe electric spark, TRANS., 571. -- solution, determination ofspecific gravity of, 215. - anhydride, absorption of radiantheat by, 626. -- compressed, action of, 011glass, 868.condensation of, on glasa, --2142338 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.Carbonic anhydride, electric conductivityof solution of, 212. -- pure, apparatus for preparing,634. -- reduction of, to carbonicoxide by carbon, 1036.-- specific heat of, a t high pres-sure, 7. - oxide, co-operation of water in thecombustion of, and formation ofhydrogen peroxide during such com-bustion, 1108. -- hygienic importance of, andits detection, 415. - - liquid, 14. -- solidifkation of, 475.Carbons for electric lamps, preparationof, from furfuraldehyde or fucus-aldehyde, 1267.Carbonyl affinities of carbon, 136.Carbonyldibenzenylamidoxime, 1217.Carboiiylphenylorthophosphoric mono-,and di-chloride, orthochloro-, 1062.Carbonylpyrroline, 809. - action of heat on, 1143.Carbonylsulphamyl, chloro- and amido-,512.Carbonyltriphenylgiianidine and itshydrochloride and nitrate, 1106.Carbopyrotritartaric wid, salts of, 248.Carbostyril, derivatives of, 989, 1235.- nitration of, 1138. - a - , p-, and y-nitro-, and yamido-,Carbothiamidocyanobenzoyl, 1226.Carboxamidocarbimi doamidobenzoicCarboxamidocyanamidobenzoyl, 1226.Carboxycinnamic acid, para-, and itsCarboxylic acids from synthetically pre-Carmine, 1076.Carminic acid as a reagent fm alkalis,Carnine, 674, 920.Carrots, digestibility of, with hay andoats by the horse, 72.Cartilage, chemical constitution of,m5. - of certain invertebrates, compo-sition of, 1251.Carvacrol, derivatives of, 659.Carvoxime, 1210.Carvoxime-derivatives, l%8.Casei‘n, estimation of, in cow’s milk,936. - in milk, 1083. - separation of, from albumin inhuman milk, 845, 1015. - the sulphur of, 914.Case’in-glue, a substitute for g u m arabic,1139.acid, 1225.derivatives, 299.pared pyridine bases, 60.931.1024.Casks, enamelling, 316.Cassiterite from Irish Creek, Rock-- from King Co., N.Carolina, analy-- in the areifenstein granite, 1185.Cast iron, influence of silicon on theproperties of, TRANS., 57’7, 902. -- selective alteration of theconstituents of, TB~ANS., 474.Cast steel, calorimetric study of theeffect of tempering and hammeringon, 856.Castor oil, occurrence of pimelic acidamongst the oxidation-products of,44. -- residue obtained by the dis-tillation of, in a vacuum, 373.Catalpic acid, 272.Catalytic action, a particular case of,Catechol, new mode oE formation of,Cathartic acid, 991.Cathodes, unequal electric conductionresistance at, 324.Cattle cake, estimation of oil in, 044.- diseases, various, 73.Cayenne pepper, chemical compositionCelestine from Transylvania, analysis- preparation of strontium hydroxideCell nucleus, peptone-like constituent of,Celluloid, manufacture of, 1096.Cellulose, assimilation of, 916.- chloro-, formation of, eIectrochemi-- digestion of, by the horse, 916. - fermentation of, especially withreference to ibs =solution in the ali-mentary canal, 178. - optical inactivity of, 237, 500. - rotary p w e r of solutions of, inSchweizer’s solution, 369, 500.cement, estimabion of alumina in, 441.Cemeteries, arsenic in the soil of, 1009.Cerealin, 678.Cereals, certain, cultivation and preser-- changes of the albuminoi’de in,- Swedish and German, cultivationCeresine of Gdicis, 487.Cerite, methods used for extractingcerium, didymium, and lanthanumfrom, 350.Cerite metals, chemistry of, 111, TRANS.,879.bridge Co., Virginia, 488.sis of, 126.481.3059.and testing of, 452.of, 235.and sulphidefrom, 458.572.tally, 208.vation of, 833.when heated under pressure, 61s.of, 422INDEX UPCerium, atomic weight of, 217, TRANS.,880. - oxides, action of hydrogen per-oxide on, 635.- sulphides of, 955.Cerussite from Maulmain, in Burma,- crystals, accidental formation of,Cetane from cetyl iodide, TRANS., 38.Cetyl alcohol, conductivity of, 855. - iodide, reduction of, with sodiumChairamidine and its salts, 64, 68.Chairamine and its salts, 64, 67.Chamomile, Roman, anthememe, a hy-Chaulmoogra seeds (Gynocardia odo-Chehu1in:c acid, 396.Cheese, digeatibility of varieties of,- Emmenthaler, some constituentsChelamide (h y droxJpy ridin e) , 46.Chelidammic acid and its derivatives,Chelidonic acid and its derivatives, 45,-- nitrogenous derivatives of,Chelidonine, detection of, 608.Chelihydronic acid and its salts, 45.Chemical action, influence of the di-luent, and the action of excess of theingredients on the rate of, 480.-- influence of strain on, PBOC.,89. - affinity, determination of, in termsof electromotiTe force, 325, 721. - change, no, lines of, 341.- changes in their relation to micro-organisms, TRANS., 159. - composition, melting points andboiling points as related to, 329. - constitution, relation between re-fractive power and, 1097.- corrosion, relation of, to voltaiccurrent, 324. - decompositions, the critical pointin, 1181. - equilibrium, a general statementof the laws of, 117. - laboratories, use of steam in,482. - reactions, influence of light on thecourse of, in the bromination ofaromatic compounds, 518.Chicken-cholera, value of disinfectantsin, 180.Children of ages varying from 5 to 15years, metabolism of, 409.1185.on Roman coins, 224.amalgam, 736.drocarbon from, 37.ratn), 927.1252.of, 207.46.47, 965.811.XJB JE C T S . 7 339Chinese fixed oils, 1023.Chinine, 910.Chitin, 991. - not exclusively epiblastic, 1251. - occurrence of, in the cephalopoda,Chloracetates, physical properties of,Chloral, detection of, in milk, food, &.,- hydrate, action of metals on, 3’71.-- - action of oxidising agents on,-- condensation of, with tertiary-- detection of, 933. -- remarka by Friedel andTroost concerning, 746.Chlorates, action of bisulphites on,207. - new method of testing for, 430.Chlorides, action of bromine on, 632.- bron;ides, and iodides, reactions fordistinguishing, when mixed together,10 10. - replacement of two chlorine-atomsin, by oxygen, by means of anhydrousoxalic acid, 263.Chlorine, action of, on organic coni-pounds in presence of inorganicchlorides, 36.Chlorine-atoms, two, replacement of, inchlorides by oxygen, by means ofanhydrous oxalic acid, 263. - and bromine, quantitatite separa-tion of, 836. - bromine, and iodine, detection of,295.exchange of, betweenorganic and inorgauic compounds, 34,35.- carriers, 1182.- decomposition of aqueous solu-- electrolytic production of, 941. - estimation of, in organic com-- hydrate, dissociation of, 474. - preparation of, from calcium-- from magnesium oxjchloride,- solubility of, in water, 865. - water, action of light on, 1173. - Vortmann’s method for estimat-ing, in presence of bromine, 836.Chlorotoid from Morbihan, 1115.Chloroform, density of, a t di5erenttemperatures, and the coefficient ofexpansion of, 631.826.1121.695.1048.amines, 9’76.- -- -tions of, in sunlight, 631.pounds, 1162.chloride, 1017, 1268.1016, 1269.- hydrate, 363. - preparation of, 463INDEX OFChloroform, solubility of, in water, 630.Chloropal, variety of, from AlbemarleChlorophyll, 1241.- and a new colouring matter from,- and its compounds, 551. - chemical and physiological actionof light on, 714, - in the living cell and assimilationof carbon, 182. - solution, dest,ruction of, by light,991.Cholera, changes in the chemical com-position of certain secretions during,576.Co., Virginia, 228.670.- formation of ptomai’nes in, pO4.Cholestole, and its comparison withCholine, presence of, in hops, TEATS.,Chondroi’tic acid, 405.Chorionin, 1001.Chromammonium compounds, 23.Chromatology of the actinis, 1251.Chrome-mordanting process, new, 208.Chromic chloride, hydrate of, 352. -- preparabion of, 23.Chroniite from the Andaman Idands,1185.Chromium chlorate, use of, in cottonprinting, 1272.- compounds, analogous to ferro-and ferri-cyanide of potassium, prepa-ration of, 737.cholesberin, 1075.298.- estimation of, in alloys, 194. - ores, from Servia, 730. - sulphites, preparation of, 725.Chromocyanic acid, 738.Chromous chloride, heat of trandforma-tion of, into chromic chloride, 1102. - hydrochloride of, 875.Chromyl chloride, method of‘ preparing,- dichloride, some reactions of, 23.Chrysaniline, 260.Chrysene, and its constitution, 1069.Chrysocolla from Etna, 643. - from Gila Co., Arizona, analysisChrysofluorene, and the alcohol from it,Chrysoglycollic acid, 1070.Chrysoketone, 1070.Chrysotile, analysis of, 490. - from Shipton, Canada, 361.Chyle, soaps as constituents of, 573.Cider-mark, use of, as manure andCider-must, application of the densi-Cimolite from Maine, analysis of, 492.638.of, 130.1070.fodder, 834.meter to, 842.SUBJECTS.Cinchine and its salts, 910.Cinchocereotin, 1076.Cinchol, and its acetate and propionate,Cinchona alkalo’ids, 910, 1248.- bark, aesay of, 447. -- so-called fat or wax from,Cinchonamine and its derivatives, 64. - physiological action of, 682. - sulphate, physiological effect of,Cinchonic acid and its derivatives,- halogen-derivatives of, 908.Cinchonine and other cinchona alkalo’ids,action of alkalis on, 1081._I_ oxidation of, to cinchonic acid,560.Cinnabar, from Servia, 730.Cinnamaldehyde, condensation-productsof, with acetone, 1221. - metanitro-, preparation and deriva-lives of, 791.- ortho- and para-nitro-, preparation- orthonitro-, condensation-products-_I pheny lhydrazine-derivative- paranitro-, 527.Cinnamenylacrylic acid, orthonitro-, andCinnarnenylvinyl methyl ketone and its--- orthonitro-, 1222.Cinnamic acid, a-chloro-, formation of,from ethyl benzoylacetate, TRANS.,257. -- derivatives of, 661. -- derivatives, nitratioii of, 113’7. - -- hydrazines of, 540. ~- meta- and ortho-nitro-, andortho- and para-amido, nitration of,1138. -- a- and /3-nitrorthamido-,1139. - - orthofluor-, 788. -- paradinitro-, and its methyland ethyl salts, 1137. -- paranitro-, nitration of, 1137.Cinnamic ethereal salts, aromatic, de-composition of, by heat, TRANS.,898.Cinnamodiacetonamine, 503.Citraconimide, mono- and di-bromo-,Citramide, 138.Citramonwmic acid, 138.Citrazinic acid, and its salts, 139.Citrene from camphor oil, TRANS., 787.- bromide, 650.1076.1075.571.560.of, l221.of, with acetone, 1222.of, 1222.orthemido-, 1222,1223.derivatives, 1221.1126INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 1341Citric acid, amides of, and their conver-sion into pyridine-derivativee, 138. -- ethereal salts of, 1050. -- in Virginia creeper (C~SSUSqilzpuefolia), 1255. -- test for, 843. -- test for the presence of tar-Citrodiamic acid and its salts, 138.Clays, Japanese, for the mannufacture of- various, composition of, 1020.Clinochlore, percentage of water in, 642.Coal, brown, of Istria, and Dalmatia,- chemical composition of, 876.- composition and properties of, inrelation to the plants from which it isderived, 639. - from Ruhr, composition and heatof combustion of, 1020.- of Ronchamy, heat of combustionof, 848.Coal-dust, influence of, in colliery ex-plosions, 463.-- utilisation of, for gas regenera-tive furnaces, 1272.Coal-gas, calorific power of, in variousstates of dilution, 472. -- trimethylamine and pyrro-line from, 369. -- utilisation of, for heating andcooking purposes, 1166.Coals, bituminous, from Alabama, Ten-nessee, and Eentucky, analyses of,1185.Coal-tar, phenols of high boiling pointcontained in, 667. -- colours, detection of, in winesby means of ammonia and amylalcohol, 298.-- oils, occurrence of benzoicacid in, 792.Cobalt and nickel, separation of, 84U.- electrolytic estimation of, 192.- extraction of, from its ores, 204.- malleable, preparation of, 308.Cobaltammonium compounds, 874,1041.Cobaltous chloride, dissolved, spectro-scopic observations on, PBOC., 67.Coca’ine, 565. - action of, on the invertebrates,- anesthetic action of, 285. - artificial, preparation of, 1249. - constitution of, 912. - physiological action of, 5’71. - h,vdrochloride, anesthetic actionCoccerin, 1045.Cocceryl alcohol, 1046.Coccerylic acid and its salts, 1046.taric acid in, 445.ultramarine, 460.125.1002.of, 415.V9L. XLVITI.Coccusic acid, nitro-, synthesis of, 531.Cochineal, 1076. - the wax and fat of, 1045.Code’ine, new reactions for, 302, 1095.Cohesion figures, radiating and arbores-- specific gravity, and capillarity,Coke, reducing action of, on nitric acid,Colemanite, 224, 358, 730.- crystalline form of, 876. - from California, 957.- priceite, and pandermite, identityCollidine, Anderson’s, 55’7.P-Collidine hexahydride, physiologicalCollidinemonocarboxylic acid, 62. -- and its oxidation-products,Colliery explosions, influence of coal-Collo’ids, coagulation of, 1146.- thermal phenomena of, 1031.Colocynthe’in, detection of, 606.Colour impressions upon the retina,Colouring matters, animal, 676. -- of ebony wood, 396.-- red, of wine and veget-ables,Colouring matters. See also Dyes.Columb at es , containing earthy oxides,Columbite from Craveggia, in Pied-- in the Black Hille of Dakota, 360.Comanic acid, and dichloro-, 49.-- and its ethyl salt from cheli-donic acid, 965.Comazinic acid, 1244.Combustion furnace, a modified Glaser’s,_I_ in dried gases, TRANS., 349.Comenic acid, nitrogenous derivativesof, 1203.Comma bacillus, odour and poisonouseffects of the products of the fermen-tation produced by, 180.Compounds, new class of, analogous tothe phthaleins, 539. - rendered phosphorescent by theaction of light or the electrical dis-charge, spectroscopic study of, 1098. - stability of, 114.Compressed gas manometers, correctionof the numerical results given in aformer paper on, 341.Conchairamidine and its salts 64, 68.Conchairamine and its eralts, 64, 67.cent, 335.relation between, 1180.936.of, 1117.action of, 681.60.dust in, 463.duration of, 468.of leaves, 670.--1142.methods of analysing, 1012.mont, 732.1035.$ 1342 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.Conchiolin, 826.Concusconidine, 69.Concusconine and its salts, 64, 66.Condensation, phenomena of, 11.4. - use of, in fractionating apparatus,Conhydrine-derivatives, 4.01.Conkeydine, 563.a-Conice‘ine, preparation of, 562.a- and @-Conicehe and their deriva-y-Coniceine and its derivatives, 562.Conine, a new oxidation-product of,- derivatives of, 402. - group, 562.Constant temperatures, method for ob-Contractile tissues, peculiarities of theConvallamaretin, 271.Convallamarin, 271,Convallaria majalis (Lily of the Valley),C‘onvallarin, 271.Convlphenylcarbamide, 384.Conilphen$lthiocarbarnide, 384.Copellidine and its derivatives, 81’7.Copper, action of nitric peroxide on,- and cadmium, separation of, 1012.- and silver in the same solution,estimation of, 441. - antimony alloys, electric conduc-tivity and other properties of, 323. - crystallised, from Schneeberg, 220. - electrical resistance of, a t very lowtemperatures, 1099. - electrolytic estimation of, 190,1095.--- of, in arsenical ores,slags, &c., 941. - improvement in the appratus usedfor precipitating, by electrolysis,597. - iron junct,ion, inversion of theelectromotive force of, at rt high tem-perature, 110. - new method for separating, fromcadmium, 193. - ores, decomposition of, 940. - oxalates, potassium, sodium, andammonium, action of light on, 1173.- oxidation of, 22.- oxides, 872.I_ peroxide, 124. - purification of, 1167. - slow oxidation of, in presence ofdiluh sulphuric acid, or of a solutionof ammonium carbonate, 1107. - sulphate, basic, crystalline, 873,1113. -- use of, to destroy mildew, 77.331.tives, 401.176.taining, TRANS., 640.chemical composition of, 920.27 1TRANS., 633.Copper-zinc couple, action of, on or-ganic bodies. Part X. On bromideof benzyl, TRANS., 44%Coptis trifolia, alkaloyds of, 4.03.Cordierite, distribution of, in rocks,1190.Corn ensilage, composition of, TRANS.,82.Cornutine, 821.Cotton, estimation of, in tissues, 96.- printing, use of chromium chlorate- seed, beta‘ine in, 50.-- oil, detection of, in olive- seeds, analysis of, 425.Coumalanilidic acid, monomethyl saltCoumalinic acid, derivatives of, 174.Coumalmethamic acid, monomethyl saltCoumaric acid and its derivatives,Ooumarin, action of hydrobromic acid- crystallography of, 901.Coumarins, substituted, 56.Coumarone, action of hydrobromic acidCowberrp ( Yaccinium vitis-idcza), bitterCows, ensilage maize for, 1149.- milch, earth-nut cake meal com-pared with rye-meal as food for,1252.-- feeding with ensiled sugar-beet sections, 833. - milking of, 1000.Cream, estimation of butter in, 844.Creaming by centrifugala on variousCreasote, detection of phenol in, 1013.Creatines, 819.Creatinine, detection of, in urine, 702.Creatinines, 819.Cresol, dinitro-, 1233.Cresoldiamine sulphate, 975.Cresoldisulpbonic acids and their salts,1233.Critical point in chemical decomposi-tions, 1181.- points, relation between, and boil-ing points, 859. - temperature of liquids, Mende-lkeffs iormula for the expansion ofliquids, a4nd Thorpe and Rucker’sformula for determining, from theircoeEcient of expansion, 859.in, 1272.oil, 301.of, TRANS., 152.of, TRANS., 154.663.and bromine on, 391.and bromine on, 391.principle of, 1254.systems, 1022.- volumes of liquids, 331.Croce’in-scarlzt, iodo-, 673.Crocetin from saffron, 60.Crocin from saffron, 59INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 1343Croconic acid, hexahydroxybenzene-de-rivatives, and their relation to, 779.Crocose from saffron, 60.Crops, influence of the weather on, 80.Crot on aldehyde, a- y - dichloro - , action ofzinc-ethyl on, 497.a-Crotonic acid, 758.Crotonic acid and its sttlts, preparationCrotonylenes, condensation of, 645.Crucible steel, 616.Cryohydrates, researches on, 33’7.Cryolite glass, 1019.Crystalline and anisotropic structures,Crystallisation, 114, 215.Crystals, coeficients of elasticity of,- optical modifications produced in,- pleochroic, explanation of the colour- symmetry and elasticity of, 1105.Cultivation, dependence of, on the depth- influence of, on the moisture in theCumenesulphonamide, 904.Cumenesulphonic acids and their salts,Cumenol, 1215.Cumenylacrylic acids, nitro-, and theirCumenyldiamine, 893.Cumic acid, nitro-, action of light on,Cumidine, derivatives of, 384.- new, 383. - -- and its derivatives, 1215.Cumyl ether, ’776.+-Cumylantipyrine, 818.Cumylcarbamide, 1216.Cumyliderieamido-dimethylaniline, 784.4-Cumylmethyloxyquinizine, 818.Cuprea bark, new alkaloyds of, 563.Cupreine, 276, 564, 997.Cupreol and its acetate and propionate,Cup’ric oxide, decomposition of, by heat,- sulphate, a basic, 873, 1113.Cuprite, hemihedrism of, 358.Cuprodescloizite, 731.Cuprous oxide, absorption of oxygen by,Curarine from Strych.nos tox$era, 997.C urcumin, and mono- and di-aceto-,Curd soape, preparation of, 944.Currents, alternating, trustworthinessof, for measuring electrical resistances,856.of, 740.diff rrence between, 63 1.728.by the action of heat, 622.phenomena of, 621.of the soil, 80.soil, 588.903.derivatives, 55.794.1076.21, 124.22.271.Cutose, 369.Cyanamide, preparation of, 739.C y anamidobenz oy lcarbox y lie acid, 1226.Cyananiline and some of its derivatives,Cyanates, aromatic, reactions of, 773.Cy anbenzylidenephthalide, 902.Cyanethine compounds, action of ethyl- derivatives of, 235.- carbamide, 140. - carbanilide, 148.Cyanhydrins of nitroso-compounds,Cyanide solutions, a reddish colorationCyanides, detection of, in presence ofCyanine, 673.Cganite, crystallographical examinationCyanmethethine and its derivatives,Cjanmethine, derivatives of, 961.Cyanocarbimidamidobenzoic acid, de-Cyanocarboxamidobenzoic acid, 1226.Cyano-derivatives containing oxygen,Cyanogen, detection of, 297. - estimation of, in gaseous mixtures,- gas, preparation of, 880.- iodide, action of sulphwic acid on,- persulphide, 1193.Cyanphenine, preparation of, 142.Cymene, action of chlorine on, 655.Cymenes, chloro-, and their derivatives,Cynene and its halogen-derivatives,Cyneol and its derivatives, 171.Cyst formed under the tongue, analysisCystei’ne, fate of, in the animal body,Cyste’ines, 514.Cystine, 140, 822.-not present in normal human1060.chlorocarbonate on, 1U.1212.of, 233.compound cyanides, 196.of, 733.646.rivatives of, 1225.volatility of, 880.933.645.655.172.of the contents of, 285.922.urine, 830.D.Damourite, from Maine, analysie of,491.Daniell’s cell of small internal reeis-tance, 469.-- relation between the electro-motive force of, and the strength ofthe zinc sulphate solution, 321.4 x 1344 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.Dari, as a source of alcohol, 102.“ Darmena,” 108.Daturine, preparation of, from stra-Decylenic acid and its salts, 650.Decyllactone, 650.Dehydracetic acid, 515, -- constitution of, TRANS.,-- derivatives of, ’761.Dehydra-cetonebenzyl, TRANS., 22, 26,- reacfions of, TRANS., 29.Dehydracetonedibenzil, TRANS., 26, 34.Dehydracetonephenanthraquinone,TRANS., 17.Dehy draseto phenoneace toace tic acid,compounds of, with hydroxylamineand phenylhydrazine, 250.Dehydrmetopbenoneacetoae, 248.Dehy dracetoplienoneacetonecarboxylicacid, 249.Dehydracetopbenonebenzil, and aotionof bromine on it, TRANS., 34, 36.D e h j d r obenzo y lacetic acid, action ofphosphorous pentachloride on, TRANS.,292. -- action of potassic hpdroxideon, TRANS., 284.-- chloro-, preparation andproperties of, !~%ASS., 292.-- constitution of, TRANS., 294. -- preparation and properties of,TRANS., 277. -- reduction of, TRANS., 287.Dehydrobenzylhydroxanthranol, 124.0.Dehpdrodiacetmephenanthraquinone,Dehydrotriacetonamine, products ofDelta metal, preparation of, 461.Densimeter, application of, to ciderDensity and viscosity of liquids, relation- of porous bodies, 334.Deoxgbenzoyncarboxjlic acid, amide of,-- ethylamide of, 903, 1229.p-Deoxybenzdinorthocarboxylic acid,Deposit from a spring a t Carmaux, 644.Detonation in solid and liquid explo-Dextrin, action of certain substances on,Dextrins, TRANS., 527. - action of saccharomyces on,- non-reducing, preparation of,- separation of, TRANS., 546.monium seed, 820.277.28.TRANS., 16.reduction of, 883.must, 842.between, 9.1229.1231.sives, rate of propagation of, 478.369.TRANS., 565.TRANS., 551.Dextrose, circular polarisation of, 40.- estimation of, in urine by means ofthe Soleil-Ventzke polarimeter, 702.Diabetes, action and metamorphosis ofsome substances in the animalorganism, in relation to, 683.- melhtus, occurrence of hydroxy -butpric acid, in the urine in cases of,413.Diacetonamine, compounds of, withaldehydes, 502.Diacetonephenanthrsquinone, and theaction of acetic anhydride on it,TRANS., 15.Diacetone phosphorus compounds, 747.Diacetophenonecarboxylic acid, 167.Diacetyl cyanide, method of preparing,Diacetylamidoalizarin, 1069.Diacetylene, diiodo-, 1199.Diacetylenedicarboxylic acid, 759.-- preparation of, 1198.Diacetylenemonocarbosylic acid, 1199.Diacetylort hoxybenzylidenephenyl-hydrazine and its derivatives, 389.Diacetylparaoxjdiphenylamine, 156.Diadelphite, 960.Diallyl, 495. - carbinol, composition of a bye-product obtained in the preparationof, 237. - dioxide, 741.Dialljlacetoacetic ethers, certain mixed,Diallylethylenedithiocarbamide, 978.Diallylor thophenylenedithiocarbamide,Diallyloxalic acid and its derivatives,Diallyltoluylenedithiocarbamides, 977.Diamarine silver nitrate, 1132.Diameters of molecules, relation of,Diamines, aromatic, action of cyanogen-- and fatty, chemical behaviour-- cyanogen compounds of,-- general method for deter-505.TRANS., 3.977.511.1182.on, 256.of, 977.784.mining the constitution of, 976.reagent for, 934.Diammonium oxt~lt~tc, 1049.Diamond-bearing rocks of South Africa,Diamond, dispersion-equivalent of, 14.Dianilidoquinonea,nilide, 78’7.Dianilidorthophosphoric acid, 1134.Diastase, 927.J)iazoacetamide, 883.lliazoacetic acid and its salts, 883.Diazoamido-derir atives, 385.--131INDEX OF SUB.JECTS.1345Diazobenzene stnnnochloride, 789.Uiazobenzeneanilide, conditions offormation of, TRANS., 919. - forniation of diamidoazobenzene,and homologues from, TRANS., 923.- relation of, to amidoazobenzene,TRANS., 917.Diazobenzene-/3-naphthylamine and itsderivatives, 803.Diazobenzimide, metamido-, and itsderivatives, 789.Diazo-conipounds, 788.-- action of alcohol on, 525.-- action of stannous salts on-- decomposition of, by alcohol,- - .- of the fatty series, 883.P-Diazonaphthalene - /3 - naphthjlamineDiazosuccinic acids, derivatires of, 885.Dibenzamide, 53.Dibenzimide oxide, 53.Dibenzimidine and its sulphonic acid,Dibenzoylacetic acid and some of its-- decomposition - products of,Dibenzoylacetone, 1237.Ui benzorldiace tylethane , 1237.Dibenzoylmethane, preparation of,TRANS., 246, 249.Dibenzoplparoxydiphenylamine and itadinitro-compound, 156,Dibenzyl, formation of, from benzylbrorn.de, TRANS., 4%-formation of, from ethylene di-chloride and benzene in presence ofaluminium chloride, 58.the chlorides of, 525.257.and its derivatires, 1238.158.salts, TRANS., 246.TRANS., 249.Dibenzylacetic acid, 987.Dibenzylarsine trichloridas, 526.Dibenzylarsinic acid, 527.Dibenzylcarboxylic acid, ortho-, 1230.Dibenzyldiorthocarboxylic acid, 58.Dibenzylrualonic acid, TRANR., 821.Dicalcium phosphate, estimation ofreverted phosphoric acid, and of phos-phoric acid in, 688.Dicarboxylic acids, new synt,hesia of,from monocarboxylic acids, 983.Dioetyl from cetyl iodide, TRANS., 39.Dicinchonicine, 675.Dicinnamenylrinyl ketone, and its phe--- diorthonitro-, 1222.Dicumylcarbamide, 1216.Dicumylthiocarbamide, 1216.Dicyanamidobenzoyl, derivatives of,DicFanphenylhydrazine, derivatives of,nylhydrazine-derivative, 1221.1225.979.Didymium eompounda, 3039,- seDaration of, inbo ite elements,1113:vapours, 1030.tion of, 1030.Dielectric constant of certain gases and- polarisation, electromagnetic ac-Diethoxymethane, preparation of, 38.Diethoxysuberic aci;l, 756, 757.Diethyl carbopyrotritartrate, 247. - dimethylfurfuanedicarboxylate,- ethylenediethyldibenzamate, 266.- oxaldiamidopropionate, 760.- thiodiacetoaeebate, 1200.Diethylallylthioca~amide, 383.Diethylamido-a-bwkyric acid, 750.Diethylaniline cysnhydrin, nitroso-,Diethylcyanine iodide, 6’74.Diethylorthotolglthiocarbamide, 383.Diethylphenylcarbamide, 383.Diethyltaurine, preparation of, TRANS.,Diffusion-cuttings, drying of, 79.Diffusion of gases and vapours, 10.- of homologous ethereal salts, 10.- photometer, 320.nifluorbenzoic acid and some of its salts,Digestion, chemical theory of, 1252.- of the horse, experiments on, 178.Digestive processes, certain, influence ofDigitaline, new reaction of, 1014.Diheptyl from heptyl iodide, TRANS.,Dihydrocollidinedicarboxylic acid, ethylDihydrocynene, 172.Dihydromecenic acid, chloro-, 1203.Dihydromethyldjphenjlpyrazene, 556.Dihydroxydimethylanthraquinones, iao-Dihydroxydimethyldiphenyldiazobenzo-Dihydroxydiquinoyl and its salts, 781.4 : 6-Dihydroxy-/3-methglcoumarin, 57.Dihydroxypropenyltricarboxylic acidDihydroxyquinone, nitramido-, potas-Dihydroxyquinoxaline, 257, 786.Dihydroxrt oluquinoxaline, 785.Diisobutylketine, 963.Diisopropylbenzene, 1054.Diketones, addit-ive and condensationcompounds of, with ketones, TRANB.,11.Dimethamidophenyl trichlorometliylcarbinol, 976.Dimethj 1 succinosuccinate, 1122.248.1213.371.1284.salts on, 827.40.salt of, 374.meric, 1240.phenylmethane, 90 b.and its salts, 744.sium salts of, 7791346 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.Dimethylltmides, symmetrical, 887.Dimethylamidoazobenzene as an indi-DimethylamidoazobenzenesulphonicDimethylamidodicarbimidoamidoben-Dimethylamidohydroquinoline hydro-Dimethy lamido juglone, 803.Dimethylamine, action of bromine on,- action of choral hydrate on, 976.- nitro-, reduction of, 963.Dimethylaniline, action of benzoic- amido-, action of aldehydes on,- cyanhydrin, nitroso-, 1213.- paramido-, action of, on aldehydes,- pentanitro-, non-existence of, 660.Dimethylanthracene, 518.- hydride, 768.Dimethylanthraflavic acid and itsacetyl-derivative, 1240.Dimetliylanthraquinone, 768.Dimeth ylanthrar d n , 531.- distillation of, with zinc-duBt,Dimethylbenzodihydroxyanthraquinono,Dimethylbenzoylpseudoonmidine meth-Dimethycopellidine, 817.Dimethylcopellidium iodide and itsfl-5-Dimethylcoumarin, 56.Dimethylganine iodide, 673.Dimethylenediphengldiamine, 782.Dimethylethylbenzene, 769.nimethylethylmetatolymethane, 517,Dimethylfurfuranedicarhoxylic acid,Dimet h ylh y droquinolinium hydroxide,Dimethylindazole, 542.1‘ : 3’-Dimethylisindazole, 54~3.Dimethylorthotoluisobutylamine, 153.Dimethyloxyconine, 563.Dimethylparaphenylenediamine, 385.Dimethylphenylthiocabamide, sym-Dimethylpiperidine, derivatives of, 565.Dimethylpfieudoquinoxyl, and the actionDimethylpjridine, 397, 557.Dimethylpgrrolidine and its methiodide,Dimethylpyrroline, 995.Dimethylpyrrolinecarboxylic acid andcator in alkalimetry, 1159.acid, 385.zoic acid, 1225.chloride, 814.1195.chloride on, 783.387.784.1240.and its acetyl-derivative, 1240.iodide, 154.derivatives, 817.248.1245.metrical, 383.of bromine on, 274.1243.its s a h , 994.Dimethylpyrrolinedicaxboxylic acid andn-y-Dimethylquinoline, 1246.Dimethylquinoline and its derivatives,Dimethylsuccinic acid, symmetrical, 754,Dimethylsuccinic acids, symmetrical andDimethjlstilbene, 1064, TRANS., 901.Dimethylsulphonamide, and dinitro-,Dimethjlsulphonamides, action of nitricDimethyltaurine, preparation of, TRANS.,Dimethyltaurocyamine, formation of,IXmethylthienglmethylacetoxime, 1205.Dimethylt,riphenylmethane, diamido-,~-6-Dimethylumbelliferone, 56.Dinaphthols, isomeric, derivatives of,P-dinapt bylamine, 990.a- add P-Uinaphthyl diethyl ether,- dimethyl ether, 171.Dinapbth yldiquinone, derivat ires andconstitution of, 392.Di-P-naphthylphenylcarbamide, 384.Dinapthylsulphoxide, 171.Diopside from Zerniatt, 1118.Di-orthotoluisobutylthiocarbamide, 153,Dipxratolylsnlphonethylamine and itsDiparethylphenylcarbamide, 258..Diparethylphenylguanidine, 256.Dipentamethglbenzenethiocarbamide,1129.Diphenic acid, monobromo-, TRANS.,591.Diphenyl, brominated derivatives of,TRANS., 586.- carbonate, action of aniline, ortho-and pam-toluidine, naphthylamine,and of diphenylcarbamide on, 786. - dodecachloride, 52.Diphenylacediamine, action of carbonylDiphenylacetglcarbamide, 260.Diphenglamiiie, formation of, from ani-- sulphoxide, mononitra-, 259. - tetranitro-, 150. - trinitro-, 1214.Diphenglamineorthocarboxylic acid, di-Diphenylaminepht hale’in, deriratives of,niplieiiylazocarvacrol, 1132.its salta, 994.274.885.unsymmetrical, 1200.symmetrical, 969.acid on, 969.370.TRANS., 374.and its salts, 1236.171.In..154.oxide, 538.chloride on, 1213.line and phenol, 147.nitro-, and its derivatives, 988.783INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 1347Diphenylazothymol, constitution of,Diphenylbenzylphosphine oxide, and di-Diphenpldiethylene, 1137.Diphenpldinitroethane, 1229.Diphenyldiphenj-lt nedmrbamide, 979.Diphenyleneketonecdrboxj lie acid, 906,Diphenyleneketonedicarboxylic acid,Diphenyleneketoximedicarboxylic acid,Diphenylsthane, mono- and di-nitro-, 768.- nitration-products of, 800.Diphenylethylene, nitro-, 768.Diphenylethylenedithiocarbamide, 978.Diphenylfurfuranedicarboxylic acid,(Cl?H1206), preparation and propertiesof, TRANS , 266, 271.Diphenylhydrazineacetonrlacetone, 505.Uipheny lketcnes , alkylsted, and theirconversion into alkylated anthracenes,1065.Diphenylmethane, orthonitro-, prepara-tion of, 1237.Diphenylrnethylcarbinol, nitro-, 768.Diphenylmethylpyrazene, para- andDipheny lmethyl pyrazenecarbox ylic acid,-- para- and ortho-nitro-, 1247,Diphenylrrie t h j lpyrazenecarboxylic an-Diphenylnaphthoquinoxaline, 1239.Diphenyl parabanic acid, and dinitro-,Di plienylparatoluylenedi thiocarbamide,Diphenylphenylenedicarbamide, 979.Diphenylphenj leriedithiocarbtlmides,Diphen y lpseudoamphiphenacylnitrile,1131.chloride, 1213.1070.906.906.ortho-nitro-, 1247, 1248.paramido-, 124.8.1248.hjdride, orthamido-, 12 48.1195, 1196.977.ortho- and meta-, 977.and its nitroso- and nitro-derivatives,560.Diphenylsemicarbazide, 261.Diphenylsuccinamic acid and its salts,Diphenylsulphamic acid, amido-, 987.Diphenylsulphonethyl oxide, 263.Diphenylsulphonethyl sulphide, 538.Diphenylsulphonethylmonomethyl-Diphenylthiocarbamides, amido-, 977.Diphenyltoluylenedicarbamide, 97Y.Diphenyltricarboxylic acid, 906, 1070.Uipheny ltrimethy lenedithiocarbamide,Diphthalyl, 57, 267.- and it,s derivatives, 267, 797.Dii~hthdlpl-lactonic acid, 798.783.aniine, 538.978.Dipropionyl dicyanide, 963.p-Dipropylacrylic acid and its salts, 242.Dipseudocinnamylpyrroline, 379.Dipseudocumenol, 381.Dipyridine, description and measurementDipyrryl ketone, 809.Diquinhjdrone, 521.Diquinol, 521.Diquinoline, a new, and its derivatives,- from benzidine, 275.--- met?hochloride, 672.- iiiethochloride chloriodide, 814.a-Diquinoline from azobenzene, and the- bynthesis of, and its derivatives,Diquinolines, 399, 560, 1246.Diquinonr, 521.Diseases, formation of alkalo'ids in, 926.Disinfectants, value of, in chicken-Disinfection with chlorine and bromine,Dissolution, laws of, 473.Dissolved substances and solids im-mersed in the solutions, attractionbetween, 866.537.of the spectrum of, TBANS., 717.1247.action of nitric acid on, 173.173.cholera, 180.846.Disulphones, 261, 537.- action of various substances on,Disulphonic acids, 1232.Dithienyl, and perbromo-, 51.Dithienylsulphorric acid, 51.Dithiocarbon yltriphenylenediamine, 156.Dithiophenyldilactylic acid and its saits,a-Dithiophenylpropionic acid, 5.14.Ditliiotetrsphenylctlrbamide, 1130.Ditolyl, brominated derivative8 of,- dibromo-, pkoduct of the oxidation- oxide, preparation of, from para-Ditolylcarbolactone, 1077.Ditolylethane, 769.Ditolylphthalide, 266.Di-undecylenic acid, 373.Diuramidonitrobenzoic acid, 54.Dixylylethane, 769.Dolomites, concentration of zinc car-bvnate in, 640.Dotriakontene, 736.Double bond, specific refraction in refer-- refraction of liquids, 318.- salts, action of water on, 122. - sulphide of aluminium and potas-- tungstates of rare metals, 25.515.TRANS., 586.of, TRANS., 592.cresol, 147.ence to, 210.sium, 3501348 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.Dracma cinnahari, red resin from, 808.Drinking water supplies, 612.Dropping flask, new, 930.“ Dry extract,” 60%.Duelo, Galician, 224.Dye, blue, 148. - from paramidophenol, 381.- light rose, “ red spots ” in, 108. - preparation of, from cotton-seed- yellow, from potassium mononitro-7 yellow rosaniline, preparation of,Dyeing with alizarin colours on indigo-- with alizarin on indigo, ’711.Dyes and other substances, action of,in increasing the sensibility of silversalts, 703.- artificial, fixing, by means of ferro-and ferri-cyanides, 946. - blue, various, useful tests for, whenfixed on tissues, 711. - combinations of silver salts with,350, 611. - from lepidine, 673. - from phenols, 525. - from pyridine methiodides and- methglene-blue, and allied, 259. - new, preparation of, 310, 312,- new series of, 945. - on tissues, synthesis of, 710. - preparation of, from alizarin andother anthracene colouring matters,suitable for calico-printing, 312.oil, 108,phenolparasulphonate, 269.310.blue cloth, 106.ethiodides, 272.944,1095,1275.- quinoline, 440.- resorcinol, 526. - some, absorption-spectra of, 1098. - some, action of boric acid on,- tannin method of fixing, on cotton,- violet and other, preparation of,- - preparation of, 711.Dysalbumose, 277.440.1024.1171,1172.E.Earth-nut cake-meal compared withrye-meal as food for milch cows, 1252.Ebony wood, colouring matters of, 396.Ecgonine and its salts, 912.Egg albumin, sulphur in, 915.Eggs of the Bombyx mori, chemicalchanges attending the development ofthe embryo in, 1000,1150.Egyptian sugar corn, analyses of,Elasticity of crystals, coefficients of,Elaterin, detection of, 606.Electric accumulators, 1268. - cells, depolarisation of, by bromine,3. - circuit, apparatus for breaking, inan atmosphere of hydrogen, 3.- conduction resistance, unequal, a tcathodes, 324.- conductivity and other propertiesof the copper-antimony alloys, 323.-. currents, rapidly alternating, mea-surement of, with the galvanometer,471. - discharge with the silver chloridebattery, experimental researches on,222. - lamps, preparation of carbons for,from furfuraldehyde or fucusalde-hyde, 1267.- light, as used in protecting spectraon the screen, hand regulator for,631.Electrical conductivity of acids, 3. - currents, strong, measurement of,855.- measurements, a constant elementfor, 2. - resistances, trustworthiness ofalternating currents for measuring,856. - units, 2.Electricity, application of, in chemical- developed in the disengagement of- influence of, on the growth of rootsElectrochemical studies, 1029.Electrodes, moist, use of, 325.Electrolysis, new apparatus for, 715.- quantitative analysis by, 932,- some new phenomena of, 324.Electrolytes, heat of formation of, 1100. - relations of heat to voltaic andthermoelectric action of metals in,325.YBANS., 88.728.industry, 94.0.gases, 2.and potatoes, 1152.1094.- validity of Joule’s law for, 1029. - work done in the decomposition of,Electrolytic estimations, 190, 442, 597.Electromotive force between metals athigh temperature 8, 11 75. -- determination of chemicala5nity in terms of, 325. -- of a copper-iron junction,inversion of, a t ti high temperature,110.1100INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 1349Electromotive force of a Dnniell’s cell,and the strength of the zinc sulphatesolution, relation between, 321.-- seat of, in the voltaic cell,1027.Electro-pseudollpsis, 1029.Element, constant, for electrical mea-Elements, indices of refraction of, 1. - mutual relations of the physicalproperties of, 117. - numerics of, 344. - the periodic law and the occur-rence of, in nature, 13.Eleopteiie from Barosma crenata, 1142.Emeralds from Alexander Co., 878.Empholite from Sweden, 31.Ensilage, analyses of, 1257. - and acidification of green fodder,- changes in fodder during, 1087. - chemical alterations in green fud-der during its conversion into, THANS.,80. - experiments with various fodders,422. - feeding experiments with, 1088,1255.-maize for cows, 1149. - of beet-leaves, lass of weight in,- of frozen potatoes, 184.Enterochlorophyll, 1242.Epichlorhydrin, action of ally1 iodideand zinc on, 497.Epidote, magnesium, from the BaikalLake, 31.Equisetacese, composition of the ash of,and its bearing on the formation ofcoal, 583.Equivalents of certain metals, appa-ratus to determine, 481.Ergot of rye, constituents of, 821.Ergotic acid, 821.Xrgotinine, 821.Essence of lemon, 1141.Essential oil of saffron, 59.Esvential oils, adulterated, detection of,-- fragrant, estimation of, 301.Ethane, illuminating power of, TRANS.,- nitro-, action of benzaldehyde on,- preparation of, TRANS., 236.Ethenylacetylamidoalizarin, 1068.Ethenylamidonaphthol, 659.Ethenyhmidoxime sad its derivatives,Ethenylanilidoxime, 239.Ethenyiazoximebenzenyl, 239.E then yld i ph en y ldiamine, 3 84.surements, 2.183.423.599.235.160.238.Ethenyldiphenyldiamine, action of car-bony1 chloride on, 1213.Ethenylfurfurane, nitro-derivatives of,971.Ethenylnaphthalenediamine and itsbromo- and nitrobromo-derivatives,1239.Ethenyltrisulphonic acid and its salts,9’70.Ether, diehlor-, reactions of, 365, 366.Etherea,l oils, 171, 550. - salts, homologous, diffusion of, 10.-- of some fatty acids, heats ofEkheritkation, continuous, 496.Ethers of the benzene series, action ofphosphoric chloride on, 252.Ethinediphthalic anhTdride, 165.Ethinediphthalyl, 165.Ethoxynitrobenzenenitriles, 657.Et.hoxyphenylcarbamide, 148.Ethox~phenylcyanamide, ortho- andEthoxyphenylthiocarbamide, ortho- andEthoxysuberic acid and its salts, 765,Ethoxpuccinic acid and some of itsEthoxytoluenedisulphonic acid, 1233.Ethoxytoluenesnlphonic acid, 1234.Ethyl acetate, action of phenylbrom-acetic acid on, 793.-- compounds of, with calciumand magnesium chlorides, 371. - acetoacetate, action of alkyl-amines, amides, and amidines on, 751. -- act ion of ammonia on, 373.-- action of ethylene bromide-- action of propylene bromide-- and its derivatives, TRANS., 1.-- condensation of, with alde-- - method for introducing ni-.__- use of diazobenzenesulphonic7 acetobenzalacetate, action of, on- acetonedicarboxylate, action of- acetonyl acetoacetate, action of hy --- derivatives of, 248. - acetophenoneacetoacetate, deriva-tives of, 2p8.- acetylacetoacetate, action of sodiumethylate on, TRANS., 8. -- decomposition of, by water a tthe ordinary temperature, TRANS., 8.combustion of, 327.para-, 148.para-, 148.756.salt’s, TRANS., 866, 875.on, TRXNS., 828.on, TRANS., 850.hydes, TRANS., 258.trogenous radicles into, 513.acid for the detection of, 703.phenylhydrazine, 810.ammonia on, 1202.drochloric acid on, 2491350 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.Ethyl acetglacetoacetate, preparationand metallic derivatives of, TUANS.,5, 6. - acetylenetetracarboxylate, 244,264, - acetyl-P-imidobutpate, 750. - acetylme t hj Ztrime t hyienecarboxyl-- acetyltrimethylenecarboxylate,- alcohol, compounds of, with stm--- estiniation of methyl alcohol7- themal properties of, 1178.-- tnchlor-, action and fate of,-- vapour-pressures of, TRANS.,- allylbenzoylacetate, TRANS., 241.- allylbenzilsulphonaoetate, 986. - allglmethylacetotLce%ate, prepwa-- allylparanitrobenzoylacetate, 795.- angelate, 42. - anilidopyroturtaramate, 900. - uzinsuccinate, forniation sf, &omethyldiazoacetate, 886. - azinsuccinates, 885.benzalbenzoylacetate, preparationand properties of, TRANS., 260, 262.ate, TRANS., 850.TRANS:, 829.nit chloride, 377.in, 600.in the animal organism, 283.654.tion of, TRANS., 3.- benzaldibenzojlacetate, 1238. - benzamsebate, 534. -- benzamsuccinate, 533. - benzenesulphinate, 1231.-- benzenylarnidoxime carbonate,I_ benzhydroximute, 190, 896. - benzoylacetate, actlon of ethyleneI_- action of phosphorus penta--- condensation of, with benz--- - condensation products of,- - reduction of, TRANS., 253.-- .__ and its copper salt, TRANS.,- benzoylnitrosoacetate, preparation- benzoj lsuccinate, decomposition- benzo-yltrimeth y lenecarboxylate,- n-bromovalerate, 137.-- carbarnate, chlor-, 741. - carbanilate, conversion of, intoamidobenzoic acid, 792. - carboxylocarbamete, 969. - chelidammate, 46. - ohlorocarbonate, action of, on ni-1217.bromide on, TRANS., 836.chloride on, TRANS., 256.aldehyde, TRANS., 258.TRANS., 280.10.and properties of, TRANS., 243.products of, TRANS., 274.TRANS., 836, 840.trogenous organic matter, 140.EthFl chlorocarbonate, action of, on-- decomposition of, by zinc- chlosoforniate, chlor-, 741.- collidinedicarboxylate, decompo-- collidinemonocarboxylate, 61.I_ cyanethinecarboxy lat e, 140.- cjanoconyl-carbamate, 140. - cyanurocarbouylate, 969. - dehydrobenzoylacetate, prepara-tion and properties of, TRANS., 283.- diacetosucoinate, action of, on am-msnia and primary amines, 554. -- action of, on ammonia, hy-droxglamine, and phenylhydrazine,994, 995. - diacetylcomenamate, and its mon-acetyl-derivative, 4 8. - diacet ylenedicarboxlate, 1198. - diazoacetate, action of, on aromatic- diazosuccinarnate, 835. - diazosueainates, 885.- dibenzoylacetate, preparation of,TRANS., 246, 248. - dibenzoylcomenamate, 49. - dibenzoylsuccinate, action of con-centrded sulphuric acid on, TRANS.,231.-- decomposition-products of,TRANS., 265. -- preparation and properties of,TRANS., 263.- dicarbontetracarboxylate, 244,264 - dichlorethenyltricarboxylate, 244. - dimethglpyrrolinedicarboxylate,- dinit,robenzoylmalonate, 263. - dinitrocinnamate, 1137, 1138. - dinitrososuccinosuccinate and its- dipLiranitrobenzoylsuccinate, 795. - disodomalonate, 2 %4.- ether, isodichlor-, symmetrical, de--- primary halofd derivatives of, - ethoxysuccinate, TRANS., 866. - ethylacetoaeetate, action of aceticacid on the sodium derivative of,TRANS., 2.potasJium cyanate, 968.chloride, 376.sition of, 397.hydrocarbons, 1207.248, 554, 994.derivatives, 1122.rivatives of, 237.882.- ethj lbenzoylacetate, TRANS., 241. - et hy lcomenamate hydrochloride,I_ ethylenebicarbonate, 254. - ethylmethylacetoacetate, TRANS., 5.- ethylparanitrobenzoylacetate, 794. - fumarate, action of sodic methyl-ate and ethylate on, TIZANS., 856,866.1203INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 1351Ethyl p-hydroxyamidoglutamate, 1202.- y-hydroxyvalerate, 651.- hypochlorite, 1045.- iodopropargylate, 1199. - isobutenyltricarboxylate, 1201.- isomethyldiphenylpyrazenecarbo-- levulinate,halogen-derivatives of ,42 - a-y-lutidine-,5 carboxglate, 1244. - lutidinemonocarboxylate, 751. - maleate, action of sodic methylateand etlrylate on, TRANEI., 867, 868.- -- malonate, action of ethyl dibromo-succinate on, TRANS., 822. -- - action of ethylene bromideon, TRANS., 807. -- method for introducing ni-trogenous radicles into, 513. - nietanitromandelate, 983. - methylaCetglaCetOaCetate,~RAN~. 9.- met11 y lallylaoetoaretat e, prepara-- met hyldiphenylpyrazenecarboxyl-- methglethylacetoacetate,TRANS., 5.-- methj lpropylacetoacetate, and sa-ponificat ion with alcoholic potash, 376.- monethy lace tylenete tracarboxy 1-ate, 244.- monobenzoylsuccinate, prqparationand properties of, TRAXS., 272. - a-monobromcenanthylate, 757.- mononitrobenzoylmalonate, 264.- mgristate, boiling point of, lJ97. - ,5-mphthyldimethplpyrrolinedi-carboxylste, 555. - nitrite, estimation of, in the spiritof nitrous ether and kindred prepam-tions, 1013.xylate, 810.tion of, TRANS., 4.ate, 556- orcinylbicarboxylate, 254.- oxalate, preparation of, 512. - oximidosuccinate and its salts,1122. - para- and ortho-nitrodiphenjlme-thylpgrazenecarboxylate, 1247, 1248- paracyaiiobenzoate, 1 227.- paramidacetoacetate and its deri-vatives, 373.- paranitrobenzoy ltet ramethylene-carboxylate and its acid, 795. - paranitrobenzogltrimet hylene-carboxglate and its acid, 995. - paratolyldimethylpyrollinedicarbo-xylate, 555. - phengldimethylpjridazindicarbo-xylate, 555.- phenpldimethylpyrollinedicarbo-xylate, 555. - phenylhyd roxyethenylamidoximecarbonate, 1218. - phenylsulphoformate, prepara-tion of, 1231.Ethjl, plien~lsulplion~etates, properties- phthalamidobenzoate, 534.- pseudocumylizinacrtoncetate, 818. - rttcemate, vapour-density of, 966. - resorcinylbicarboxylate, 254.- sodacetoacetate, action of sulphur- succinosuccinate, constitution of,- sulphochloride, dichlor-, 365.- tartronate, 759.- teraconate, 393.- thiocyanate, action of chlorine on,- thiomethylsalicjlate, 1058.- tiglate, 42. - tolueneuulphinate, 1232. - toluenesiilphoformate, 1232. - trimethylenecarboxylate, 1049,- trimethylenedicarboxylate, TRAPS .,- trim ethylenetetractcarboxylate,- trime thy lpyrrolinedicarbox ylat e,a-Ethylamidopropionic acid, 373.a-Ethyl8 midopropionocyamidjne, 810.Ethylamidouraniidobenzoic acid aridEthylapocinchene, 1249.Et hy lapoci nchenic acid, 1249.Ethylbenzene, monochlor-. %51.Ethylbenzenes, aniido-, derivatives of,E th ylbenzenesulphanic acid, or thamido-,Ethylbenzylamarine, 1133.a-Ethylbutyrolactone, 374.Ethylcetyl from ethyl and cetyl iodides,E t h y lcinchonamine, 66.EtIIylcomenaniic acid, 1203.Ethyldibenzoi'n, TRANS., 90.Ethpldiphenylthiocarbarnide, action ofEthylene chlorothiocyanate, preparation- nitro-derivatives of, 1044.- oxide, action of phosphonium- tetraiodo-, and dibromiodo-, 1198.Ethyleneamidobenzoic acids, 266.Ethylenebenzoylcarboxylic phenylhy-Ethylenedibenzamic acid and its salts,Ethplenediparatolylsulphone, 538.E thylenediphenylsulphone, 261.- action of potash and of ammoniaof, 986.chloride on, 1200.1122.865.Tams., 817.807.TRANS., 822.555.its salts, 1226.255.256.TRANS., 40.aniline on, 383.of, TRANS., 365.iodide on, 1121.drazide, 797.266.on, 5371352 INDEX OF SUBJECTSEthylenedisulphonic acid, 970.Ethylenephen~lparatol~lsiilphone, 263.Ethylglycuronic acid, trichlor-, 283.Ethplhydrastine, 675.a-Eth yl-7- hy droxy butyric acid and itssalts, 375.Ethylidene chloride, action of aluminiumchloride on mixtures of, with ben-zene, toluene, or metaxylene, 768.-- derivatives of, 837.- derivatives, 136.Ethylidene-rhodanic acid, 44.Ethylidenethenyltricarboxglic acid andEthylindazole, 541.E thylisindazolacetic acid, 542.Ethylisindazolcarboxylic acid, 543.Ethylmalouic acid, y-brom-, TRANS., 814.a-Ethyl-P-methylacetopropionic acid,distillation of, 1200.Ethylmethylindazole, 541.Ethylmethylisindszole, 1’. 3’, 542.Ethylniethylmalonic acid, 754.Xthyl-P-naphthylamine, 168.Ethyloxalic chloride, action of, on deri-vatives of carbamide and guanidine,1195.Ethylparatoluidine and its diazoamido-derivatives, 381.Ethylparatolylnitmsamine, 381.Ethylparatolylsulphone, 587.Bthylparethoxrdiphenylamine, 155.Ethylphenol, preparation of, by Lieber-Eth ylphenylamine hydrochloride, chlor-,Ethylphenylhydrazineglyoxal, 535.E thylphenylhydrazineglyoxylic acid,535.Ethylphen ylhydrazinepbennylglyoxylicEthylphenyllactic acid, behsviour of,Ethplphenylsulphone, 537.Ethylpseudocarbostyril and ita derira-Ethylpyromeconamic acid, 1204.Ethylsulphonic acid, p-chlor-, action ofprimary, secondary, and tertiarymonamines on their respective saltsof, TRANS., 367.--- preparation of, TRANS.,365.Ethyltaurine, preparation of, TRANS.,368./3-Ethylthiophen, derivatives of, 766.Ethyltoluidine, para-, derivative8 of, 975.E ucal y p tole, 3 94.Euclase, description of a crystal of, 228.Eudnophite, action of bromine on, 641.Eugenol, action of bromine on, 779.- glucoside, 521. - phenylcsrbamate, TRANS., 777.its salts, 243.mann’s process, 775.741.acid, 534.662.tives, 989.Eutexia, 329.Euxauthone, new isomeride of, 1077.Evaporation, influence of physical andchemical properties of the soil on,80. - of liquids, relation between mole-cular weight and velocity of, 112.Expansion of liquids, Mendel6eff’s for-mula, and Thorpe and Rucker’s for-mula, for determining the criticaltemperat ore cf liquids from their co-efficient of expansion, 859. - of aubstances in gaseous, vaporous,and liquid state, relation of, to abso-lute t,einperattture, 1179.Explosions, gaseous, spectroscopicstudies on, 465.Explosive mixtures of coal-gas and air,combustion of, 857.- py.rites, so-called, cause of thedecrepitations in eamples of, TRANS.,593.Explosives, novelties in, 852. - solid and liquid, rate of propaga-tion of detonativn in, 478.Extract of meat, Liebig’s, two new sub-stances obtained from, 921.F.Faxes, estimation of nitrogen in, 303. - nitrogen in, 414.Fagine, 676.FtLirfieldite from Rabenstein, 6sO.Fairy-rings, 425.Fat, assimilation (re-absorption) of,- estimation of, in milk, 1014. - estimation of, in palm-nut meal,1164. - formation and migration of, inphosphorus poisoning, 1002. - formation of, from carbohydratesin the animal orgsnism, 280. - in animals, absorption, formation,and stomge of, 829. - in palm nuts, 290. - of the fruit of Xyristica suri-Fats, assimilation of, 1148.- and rosins, quantitative separation- estimation of free acid in, 446. - Hubl’s method for the examina-tion of, 1014. - natural, 84.4. - saponihation of, by electricity,Fatty acids, heat of combustion of,999.finamensis, 1197.of, 603.1274.1177IKDEX OF SUBJECTS. 1353Fatty acids of tallow, oxidation of, bypotassium permanganate in alkalinesolutious, 883. -- some new sulpho-derivativesof, 241. - series, unsatumted compounds of,740.Fayalite, from Colorado, 878.Feeding with dry and steeped IndianFehling’s solution, action of light on,Pelspar, triclinic, from Quatre Ribeiras,Felspare, potash-soda-, of Silesia, 31.Ferment, ammoniacal, 181. - gum, 1241.Fermentation, abnormal, under un-favourable circumstances, and its in-fluence on the composition of thewine, 942.corn, 1149.1173.692.7 alcoholic, selective, 1003.- alleged elective, 1085. - frothy, 1168._L influence of oxygen on, 1002..- peptonic, 181.Ferments, alcoholh, and one which does- digestive, 279. - glycogen in, 1254.Ferric oxide and certain sulphates, re-action between, a t high temperatures,125. - -mordants, different, behaviourof, with silk, 315. -- peptonate, 1147.Pemocobalt, malleable, preparation of,461.Ferrocjanides, alkaline, and their com-pounds with ammonium chloride, 364. - green, or glaucoferrocyanides, 496.Ferromanganese, estimation of man-Ferronickel, malleable, preparation of,Ferrosoferric oxide, producing a coatingFerroso-sodium tetracyanide, 234.Ferrous hydroxide, and its behaviourwith nitric oxide, nitrites, and nitratesin alkaline solution, TRANS., 364.- oxalate, decomposition of, 752. - sulphide, heat of formation of, 950.Fertilisers, quick method for the esti-mation of phosphoric acid in, TRANS.,185.not invert sugar, 1168.ganese in, 690.461.of, on iron, 1271.Fibrin ferment, in blood, 1253. -- origin of, 571.Fibroyn, solubility of, 406.Filter-papers, toughened, TRANS., 183.Filters, plaster, use of, to steriliseliquids, 288.Fish, ptotna’ines from, 566, 1146.- relative digestibility of, in gastricFlame, electricity of, 2.- experiirients on, 466. - gaseous, coloration of, 465. - lecture experiment on, 1035.Flavaniline, and its constitution, 400.Flavenol, constitution of, 400.Flavoline, 400.Flesh-meal, 620.Fluorapatites, preparation of, 126.- replacement of the phosphoricacid in, by arsenic or vanadic acid,225.Fluorarsenates, 225.Fluorene, PROC., 36.- bromo- and nitro-derivatives of,F1uorenedicarbox;plic acid, 906.FluoresceTnsulphonic acid, 902.Fluorescence of rare earths, 1174.Fluorphosphorous acid, 328.Fluorspar, utilisrztion of, for the pro-Fluorvanadates, 225.Fodder, changes in, during ensilage,- white carrot, analysis of, 292.Food for horses, digestibility of sub-stances used as, 282.- of Scotch hill sheep, compositionof, 291.Forest trees, mineral matter in the seedsof, 1255.Form of homogeneous solid substances,spontaneous change of, induced byinternal energy, 1033.Formamidea, aromatic, nitriles from,772.Formocumidide, TRANS., 767.Forrnortho- and para-toluidide, TRANS.,763, 765.Formyl compounds derived from anilineand homologous bases, TRANS., 762.Formylparahydroxydiphenylamine, 156,Four-course system at Woburn, 78.Fractional distillation in a current ofsteam, 716, 950.-- under reduced pressure, appa-ratus for, 950.Fractionating apparatus, use of con-densation in, 331.Freezing apparatus, 5.- point, molecular reduction of, pro-duced by Farious double salts, 122.-- of various aqueous solutions,influence of dilution on the co-efficient of reduction of, 858.Fuel, consumption of, in blast furnaces200.Fuels, calorimetric estimation of, 691.juice, 569.PROC., 3’7.duction of opal glass, 1019.10871354 INDEX OF SUEUEXTS.Fulgurite, from Mount Thielaon, Oregon,433.Fulminates, non-production of oxalicacid from, and the constitution of,TRAXS., 77.Fulminurat,es, action of hydrochloricarid on, TRANS., 77.Fulminuric acid and its derivatives,1192.- acids, chloro-, bromo-, snd iodo-,11 92.Fumaramide, 885.Fumarates, aromatic, decompoition of,by heat, 1064. - ethereal, action of sodic alcoholateson. TRANS., 855.Fumaric acid, decomposition of aromaticethereal salts of, TRAXS., 899. -- monochloro-, 652. -- preparation of, from suocinylchloride, 653.Fumaryl chloride, monochloro-, 652.Fungi, certain, chemical and toxicolbgi-cal relations of, 1008.Furfurane-deririitives, 762. -- synthesis of, from ethyl di-- formation of, from acetophenone-- nitro-derivatives of, 971.Furfuryl, pyrroline, and thiophen group-ings, reciprocal tramformation of,1144.Furnace, new c c sulphate,” 1268.Furze (Ulex europceus), composition of,Fuse1 oil, detection of, in spirituous-- in spirit, 708.Fusion salt, a simple, 687.- specific heat and latent heat of,acetosuccinate, 247.acetone, 753.684.liquors, 600.625.G.Galactonic acid, 967.Galactose, 647.- and arabinose, non-identity of, 41.Gallamide and its derivatives, 796.Gullei‘n as an indicator, 1012. - preparation of, 850.Gallic acid, an amide of, 796. -- heat of solution of, 1178.Gallisin, and its estimation in commer-Gallnuts, Austrian, tannin in, 947.Galvanic element, new constant, 853.-- relation of “ Peltier’s heateffect” to the arttilPble e n q y of, 856. - polarisstion, 623.Baa absorption, capillary, 867.cial glucose, 134.Gns from pyrites burners, composition- generators, water-vapour in, 705.- natural, 1020.__ new apparatus for the constantproduction of, 722.- regenerative furnaces, utilisatioiiof coal-dust for, 1272. - volumes, apparatus for the correctreading of, over water, 1010.Gaseous elements, specific heat of, athigh tempmatures, 7.Gases, combination of, 341.- condensation of, on the surface of- condensed, refractive indices of,621. - condition of chemical change in,479. - dissolved in water, apparatus forcollecting and analpsing, 691.- dried, combustion in, TRANS., 349. - electric conductivity of, 1028.- electricity developed in the dis-- elementary analysis of, by combus-- exchange of, ljetween lichens and- impermeability of glass to, 869.-influence of the chemical natureand the pressure of, on electric induc-tion machines, 1098. - liquefied, indices of refraction of,467.- permanent, phenomena which ac-company the evaporation of, in avacuum, 861. - produced in the combustion ofpyrites, composition of, 199, 706. - rate of the chemical absorption of,341.- and vapours, dielectric constant of,1030. - - - diffusion of, 10.Gasometers, zinc, use of lime-water in,Qarnet (var. Spessartite) from AmeliaGastric juice, nitrogenous substances in--- relative digestibility of fishGelatin plates, isochromatic, 612.- sulphur in, 915.German silver olloys, volatilisation ofGerminator, a new, 419.Oerinination, fake of sulphur in, 1004. - formation of sulphates in, 1153.- in Foil rich in organic matter, bntof, 706.glass, 477.engagement of, 2.tion, 1261.the atmosphere, 580.835.Co., Virginia, 227.soluble in, 827.in, 569.zinc from, 707.free from microbes, 428INDEX OFGilding earthenware goodF, 459.Glass, action of compressed carbonic an-- alkaline reacstions of, 838.- batches, calculation of, 937.- beakers, toughened, action ofstrong sulphuric acid on, PROC., 87- -- toughened, experience with,PRO~., 86. - electric qualities of, 470. - impermeability of, to gases, 869. - silvering of, 847, 1020. - solubility of, 688.Gtlaucoferrocyanidw, 496.Glauconite from Chester Co., Pa., 960.Globulin and serum-albumin, separationand estimation of, by means of mag-nesium sulphate, 611.Glover tower, influence of, in the manu-facture of sulphuric acid, 706.Glucinum.See Beryllium.Gluco-orthocoumaraldehyde and itsGlnco-orthocoumaraldoximc, 1073.Gluco-orthocoumaryl alcohol, 1073.Glucose, action of lead acetate on, 444. - alkalo‘ids produced by the action ofammonia on, 1047. - commercial, analysis of, and. qum-titative estimation of gallisin therein,135.hydride on, 868.derivatives, 1073.- estimation of, 693. . - estimation of, in condensed milk,- report on, 206.Glucoses, compounds of, with phenyl-hydmzine, 53.Glucoside from Strychnos nux-vomica,395. - group, synthetical researches in,521.Glucosides prepared from helicin, 1073. - some, reaetions of, 1072.Glucosine, a- and @-, 1048.Glucovanilljn, 980. - phenylhydrazine-derivative of,- reactions of, 1072.Glucovanillinaldoxime, 1073.Glucovanillyl alcoh 01, 980.Glutamic acid, inactive, solubility of,916.Glutamine, occurrence of, in the sugar-beet, and its optical behaviour, 759.- quantitative estimation of, 935.Glutazin, and the action of phosphorusGluten-bread, estimation of starrh in,Gluten estimations, time element in,Glycerol, examination of, 443.443.1072.pentschloride on, 1202.445.1014.XBJECTS. 1355Glycerol, nitro-, elementary composition -- physiological action of, 681. - specific gravity, boiling point, andvapour-tension of aqueous solutionsof, 499.and chemistry of, 742.Glyceryl formate dichloride, 1197.Glycide pyroracemate, 1201.Glycidic acid, hoinologues of, 650.- pyruvate, 1125.Glycogen in beer-yeast, 1151.- in fmments, 1254.Glycol, preparation of, 498.- chlorhydrin, action of carbonjl- monochlorhydrin, preparation of,- phenylcarbamate, TRAYS., 773.Glycuvic acid, so-called, Bottinger’s,1201.Glycyrrhiziii, existence of, in severalvegetable families, 395.Glyoxal-ammonium hydrogen sulphite,648.heat of formation of,627.Glyoxylic acid, action of toluylenedi -amine on the calcium salt of, 910.Gold, crystalliaed, in prismatic forms,487. - occumence of, in Brazil, 356.- phosphohroniides and phospho-- Reynolds’ process for parting from- silver, &c., toughening (refining),Gossypose, 1046.Goyazite, 640.Granite, Greifenstein, rutile and casei-Grape-seed oil, preparation and utilisa-Grape stones, nucle’in of, 823.Grape-sugar, formation of, from starch,Grapes, so-called sour-rot of, 1153.Graphite crucibles, 616.- estimation of, in minerals, 689.Grass, first, and aftermath, 586.Gravitation and atomic weight, 722.Green fodder. acidification of, 183.chloride On, 741.498.---chlorobroniides, 1115.bars, 708.in the crucible, 4 2 .terite in, 1185.tion of, 710.104.chemical alterations in,during its conversion into ensilagr,TRANS., 80.--arevillea gum, 238.Groddeckite, a new zeolite, 32.Guaiacol glucoside, 521.Guanidine, action of ethvloxalic chlo-ride on derivatives of, 1195.Guanine as a plant-constituent, 1007.- occurrence of, 2061356 INDEX OF SUBJECTS,Guanine, separation of, from hypoxan-Uuano, Sydney, 429.Guitermanite from Colorado, 879.Gum, formation and physiological signi-ficance of, 684.- arabic, casei’n-glue, a substitutefor, 1024. -- estimation of, in syrup, 299. - ferment, 1241. - Grevillea, 238.Gummites and similar minerals, analysesQynocardia odorata, 927.Gypsum crystals, art,ificial, 226. - superphosphatic, as an absorbentthine, 286.of, 223.of ammonia, 83.H.Heemafibrite, 959.Haemcltic acid, 71.Haematin, 69.Heematolin, 70.Haematoporphyrin, 70.HBemic acid, 72.Haemin, crystalline, preparation of, 826.- preparation of, 69. -- and crystallographic form of,Haemoglobin, carbonic oxide, new reac-- crystals, method of obtaining, 406,- para-, meta-, and carbonic oxide,Hailstones, temperature of, 685.Hallopite from California, analysis of,492.Halogen carriers, application of varioussubstances as, 1034.Halogens, estimation of, in organic com-pounds, 591.- in aromatic compounds, Schulze’sprocess for the quantitative estimationof, 1010. - in carbon compounds, specificvolumes of, 717. - in organic compounds, estimationof, 1168. - influence of light on the action of,on aromatic compounds, 767. - reactions for distinguishing, whenmixed together, 1010.Halo‘id ethers of the benzene series,saponification of, by neutral sub-stances, 146.- salts, quinine test for, TBABS., 210.Hdotrichite from New Mexico, analysis566, 567.tion of, 825.407.1251.of, 492.Harmaline, 820.Harnialol, 821.Harmine, 820.Harminic acid, 820.Harmol, 820.Hatchettine from Seraing, 220.Hay, Alpine and valley, composition of,929.- clover and meadow, digestibilityof, by the horse and sheep, and t.heelimination of mineral matter by thehorse, 410, 411.- effect of rain on the quality of,1154. - grown on marsh lands, nutritive- inferior, composition of, 292. - valuation of, 699, 1154.Hazel pollen, chemical composition of,182.Heat, absorption of, by water-vapour,5. - effect of, on the optical propertiesof Vesuvian, apatite, and tourmaline,26. - of combination of hydrogen withoxygen, 8. - of combustion of charcoal andorganic compounds, new method ofmeasuring, 326.-- of the fatty acids, 1177. - of dissolution of certain compoundsof the benzene series, 1177. - of formation of some soluble com-pounds, and the law of thermal sub-stitution-constants, 8.- of neutralisation of polyhydricphenols, 625. - relations of, to voltaic and thermo-electric action of metals in electro-lytes, 325.Heats of combustion of certain carboncompounds, and of ethereal salts ofsome fatty acids, 32’7.pounds, 716.in dilute solutions, 716.tuents of, 582.value of, 929.-- of various substances, 857. - of formation of hydrogen com--- of some salts of the aminesHedychizlm spicatzlm, proximate consti-Helicin, glucosides prepared from, 1073. - phenylhydrazine-derivative of,- reactions of, 1072.Helicinaldoxime, 1073.Helvine, an American locality for, 227.Hemialbumose, preparation of, fromHeptyl alcohol, preparation of, TRANS.,Herderite, 488.1072.vegetable albumin, 997.4.0INDEX OF SUBJECTS.1357Hcrderite from Oxford Co., Mahie, 359.Hesperidine nitrosyl chloride, action of- tetrabromide, 550.lleteroltlbumose and .its purification,JIeulandite from Lancast,er Co., Pa., 960.Hexahy dro IiEematoporpliy rin, 70.Hexahy draxgbenzene, 780. - derivatives and their relation tocrownir: aiid rhodizonic acids, 779.c-IEexahydrosydiphenyl, 52U.Hexa~ethyldip~t.no1, 381.Hexamethylpararosttniline hjdrochlo-Hexitamalic acid, salts of, 650.Hcxjlbutyrolactone, 630.llexyl-glycerol, glycide of, 647.Hexyl-nitrous acid, 646.Hexylpamconic acid and its salts, 650.Hiddenite from Alexander Co., 878.Hippuric acid, action of phenol and-- find allied compounds, siniple-- condensation of salicglalde-lliatological chemistry in relation to theHiston, 5i2.Homohydrocinchonic acid and its ealts,Homonicotic acid, 671.Homopiperidic acid hydrochloride, 176.Homoquinine, 563, 997.- synthesis of, 276.Honey, analysis of, 444.- composition and adulteration of,- harvest, coiYect time for, 590.Hop culture in peat &oils, 185.Hops, antiseptic action of, 1169. - presence of choline in, TRANB.298.IIornblende, pseudoniorphs of, afterolivine, 1188.Horse, digestibility of potatoes andcarrob with hay and oats by, 72. - digestion of, 178, 679, 1148. - digestion of cellulose by, 916.Horse-chestnuts, composition of, 928.Horses, digestibility of substances usedHuman corpses, basic products- liver, carbohydrates in, 679.- subject, excretion of cltrbamide in,Humus obtained from peat, examinationHyacinthus orientalis, analjsis of, 1254.H yaiophane from Jakobsberg, 227.alcohol and of bromine on, 1210.257.ride, 791.sulphuric acid on, 55, 1235.method for preparing, 981.hyde with, 898.physiology of the kidney, 923.561.G93.a8 food for, 282.(ptoma’ines) f row, 278.830.of, 1082.POL. XLVIII.Hydracridineketone, diamido-, ancl it@Hydrastine and its derivatives, 676. - detection of, 606.“ Hj-drate of carbon ” from cast-iron. 48.Hydratropic acid, derivatives of, 520.Hydraulic mortars, chemical reactioriaKydrazine compounds, 1216.Hydrazines, compauiids of, with ketonicand s1deh)dic acids, 534.- constitution of, 257. - of cinnamic acid, 540.Hydrazinetoluenesuiphonic acids, 1216.11 ydrazoaniline, preparation of, 1187.Hydmzobenzenedisulphonic acid, actionHydrazobenzeriedilhiodiaulphonic acidHy drazo benzenethios ulphonic acid8,Hjdrazocumic acid, 390.Hydrazotoluidine, 975.- and its salts, 1128.Hydriodonaplithenecarboxjlic acid,Hjdroacridine, new syntheses of deri-Hydrobenzo’in carbonai,e, 254.H ytlro benzglci t 1 D a r n ic acid, 987.Hydrocarbon, an .apparently new, fromdistilled Japanese pe trole um, T EAN s.,924.- C8H14, prepared from ally1 diethylcarbinol, 232.- C12H20, refractive power of, 211. - Ci6Hi2, from stjrolene alcohol,269.- from isobutplorthamidotoluene,152.Hydrocarbons, acetylene, isomerism of,736. - and their oxides and chlorided,combustion of, with mixtures ofchlorine and oxggen, 214. - aromatic, action of ethyl diazo-acetate on, 1207. - - new method of preparing,1064, TRANS., 898. - decomposing action of ttluuiuiunichloride on, 654. - decomposition and genesis of, n thigh temperatures, PROC., 57. - formation of, by the reversal ofFriedel and Crsft’s reaction, 51 6.- from aromatic amines, chloricle aiirlbrominated, 1060. - illuminating poxcr of, TRASP.,235. - paraffin from Pennsylvania petro-leum, critical teuiperatures anclspec& volumes of, 539.derivatives, 988.in the setting of, 306.of nitrous acid on, 1216.and its barium salt, 1139.985.533.yatives of, 387.4 1358 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.Hydrocarbons, thermic data for the com-pounds of aluminium bromide with,472.I__ volatile, spontaneoue polymerisa-tion of, a t the ordinary atmospherictemperature, TRANS., 669.Eydrochelidonic acid, 47.Hydrochloric acid free from arsenic,preparation of, 440.-- obtaining from calciumchloride, 705. -- recovery of, as a bye-productin the ammonia-soda process, 199.Hydrochlorocarvoxime and its benzoyl-derivative, 1210.Hydrocinchonic acid derivatives, 561.Hydrocinnamic acid, 661.__. and phenylacetic acids, meltingpoint and separation of mixtures of,602.Hydrocollidine from the putrefactionof albuminoyds, 676.Hydrocyanic acid, condensation of,1120. -- estimation of, 600.- - influence of germination andgrowth on the development of, in theflax and sweet almond, 181.Hydrodiphthalyl, 57.Hydrodiphthalyllactonic acid, 57, 798.Hydroferrocganic acid and its deri-“ Hydrogen acid,” an antiseptic, 612.Hydrogen aluminium sulphite, pre-- compounds, heats of formation of,- cyanide, heat of formation of, 716. - density and atomic volume of, 631. - ethyl collidine dicarboxylate and- ethyl fumarate, TRANS., 85’7.-- maleate, action of sodic- - - action of sodic meth-- - phenyllutidinedicarboxylate- flame, coloration of, 209, 465. - heat of combination of, withoxygen, 8.- lecture experiments on the occlu-sion of, by palladium, 1035. - liquid, temperature of, 861. - modification of Tissander’s appa-- occlusion of, by zinc-dust, and the- peroxide, acbion of, on the rare- -- and its estimation, 344.- - estimation of, 430, 1036.vatives, 233.paration of, 1271.716.its salts, 61.ethoside on, TRANS., 873.oxide on, TRAN~., 869.and its derivatives, 397.ratus for the preparation of, 631.meteoric iron of Lenarto, 634.earths, 635.Hydrogen peroxide, formation of, by theoxidation of water by active oxygen,1107.formation of, during the com-bustion of carbouic oxide and ofhydrogen, 1108.--- - oxidation3 by, 496.reducing action of, 1036.- persulphide, composition of, 952.stability of, 1037. - eecond spectrum of, 317.- selenide, action of sulphur on,-- preparation of, from iroiireactions of sulphurous acid----TRANS., 4 4 .nionoselenide, TRANS., 443.with, TRANS., 441.--- spectrum lines of, 1025.- sulphide, absorption and estimationof small quantities of, in gaseousmixtures, 688.-- apparatus, Kipp’s, modifica-tion of, 1261. -- obtaining sulphur from,937. -- poisoning by, 1151. -- preparation of, and purifica-tion of, from arsenic, 346, 347.-- recovery of sulphur from,304, 454.-- recovery of sulphur from, byinems of nitrohydrochloric acid inpresence of air, 454. - thermometer, the limit to the useof, 862.Hy drohy drastine, 675.Hydrohydroxgdiphthalylic acid, 57.Hydroisoindileucine, 1223.a- and /3-Hydrojuglone and their deri-Hydrojuglone, monacetyl-, 548.a-y-Hydrolut,idine, 816.Hydromethylpyrroline and its deriva-Hydrophobia, experiments on, 74.a- and y-Hydropiperic acids and its de-Hydropyrocinchonic acid, 885.Hy dropyrroline, action of hydriodicHydroquinone phenylcarbamate, TRANS.,Hy droxanthochelidonic acid, 48.Hydroxanthranole and its ethyl-deyiva-tive, constitution of, 1240.Hy droxyamidocarbimidocarboxamido-benzoic acid, 1226.Hydroxyamylenedicarbox~lic acid andits silver and ethyl salt, 1203.HydroxysmSlpliosphiiiic acid and itssalts, 504.Hydroxyazotoluidine, 975.vatives, 169.tives, 809.rivatives, 664.acid and phosphorus on, 809.772INDEX OF SUBJECTS.7 359Eydroxyazotohidine and its salts, 1128.Hydroxybenzaldehyde and its deriva-tives, 663.Hy droxy ben zenylazoximebenzenyl,meta-, 1217.Eydroxybenzoic acids, heat of forma-tion and transformation of, 1103.-- heat of neutralisation and ofdissolution of, 1032.Hydroxgbutyric acid, chloro- andbromo-, 650.p-Hydroxybutyric acid in diabetic urine,830. -- occurrence of, in the urine incases of diabetes mellitus, 413.H ydroxycampholactonic acid, 669.Hydroxycamphor, Kachler and Spit-Hydroxycarboxytoluquinoxaline ure'ide,Hydroxycellulose, formation of, electro-Hydroxycitraconic acid, 513.Hgdroxycomazine and its derivatives,Hydroxyconine, tribromo-, 563.Hydroxycoumarin, production of, 901.Hydroxycyanconine, derivatives of, 235.y-Hydroxydecylic acid, 650.Hy droxydibromobenzylidenepheny lhy -Hydroxyethylenedisulphonic acid, saltsHydroxyisobutylphosphinic acid, 504.Hydroxyisobutyric acid, chlor-, brom-,and amido-, 650.Hydroxyisopropyldiphenyleneketone-carboxylic acid, 1070.Hydroxyjuglone and its derivatives,803.Hpdroxylamine-derivatives, structure of,895.Hydroxylamine, formation of, by theaction of potassium nitrite on hypo-sulphurous acid, 722.- in acid solution is not reducible byzinc, TRANS., 612. - poisonous action of, 830. - specific action of a mixture ofsulphuric and nitric acids on zinc inthe production of, TRANS., 597.Hydroxylutidine-monocttrboxylic acid,ethyl salt of, 374.Hydroxymaleic acid, 513.Hydroxymetacournaric acid and its/3 Hydroxynaphthoquinoline, 561.Hydroxy-a-naphthaquinonej brom-, 667,Hydroxynicotic acid and its derivatives,Hydroxynicotinic acid, TRANS., 150.Hydroxynitro benzylphtlidimidine,l230.zer's, 1241.909.chemically, 208.1243.drazine, 389.of, 570.derivatives, 664.174, 176.Hydroxyperezone and its salts, 778.Hydroxyphenanthraquinones, 1067.Hydroxyphenyltoluqninoxaline, 909.Hydroxyphosphinic acids, 504.Hydroxyphthalic acid, 540, 902.p-Hydroxypieolinic acid, 49.Hydrexypiperhydronic acid, 664.Hpdroxypipitzahoic acid, 777.Hydroxypropionie acid, oxidation of,w-Hydroxypropyl phenyl ketone,TRAN s .,Hydroxypyridine, amido-, and its de-- (chelamide), 46.- from /%hydroxypicolinic acid, 50.Hydroxyquinhydrone, 520.Hydroxyquinol, 520.Hy droxy quinoline methochloride, 672.Hydroxyquinolinic acid, 1236.H-j-droxy quinone, tribromo-, 520.Hgdimxysuberic acid and its salts, 756,Hydroxythiodiphenylamine, 260,Hydroxytoluquinoxaline, 910.Hydroxytoluquinoxalinecarboxylic acid,y-Hydroxyvaleramide, 651.a-Hydroxyvaleric acid, normal, I 37.Hymenodictyon excelsum, bitter prin-Hymenodictyonine, the bitter principleHypersthene-andesit,e from Peru, 1189.Hypochlorous acid, decomposition ofaqueous solutions of, in sunlight,631, -- preparation of additive pro-ducts of, 1194.Hyponitrites, formation of, from nitricoxide, TRANS, 361.Hyposulphuric acid, basicity of, 870.Hypoxanthine as a plant-constituent,- occurrence of, 206.752.844.rivatives, 1243.757.909.ciple of, 565.of Eymanodicfyon excelsum, 565.1007.I.Ilea cassinej analysis of the leaves of,Illumination, new standard of, 321.Imabenzin, 106'7.Incandescence lamps, relation betweenelectric energy and radiation in thespectrum of, 325.Indazolacetic acid and its derivatkes,54-42.Iiidazolcarboxylic acid, monobroni-,542.hdazole, derivatives of, 54 0.1854.4 y 1360 INDEX OF SUBJEOTS.Indian corn, dry aud steeped, feeding- yellow, 620.Indicator, galle'in as, 1012.- iodic acid as an, 592.Indicators, 1157, 1159.- different use of, in acidinietry,473. - new, for the estimation of hy-droxides in presence of carbonates,931.Indigo, artificial, goods printed with,1023.- preparation of, 850. - reducing r a t for, 1096.- testing, 934, 1015. - valuation of, 697.- -blue, bleaching, by electrochemi--- fixation of alumina as a dis-Iridigodicarboxylic acid and its salts,fndolc, formation of, 567.Indoles, methglated, 167.Induction machine, simplest form of,1098.-- influence of the chemicalnature and the pressure of gases ou,1098.with, 1149.cal means, 108.charge on, 1276.799.- variation of, 109%Infusx-ial earth from Richmond, Vir-Inorganic acids, new complex, 875.Insecticide, naphthalene as an, 454.lnvert-sugar, fermentation of, 1085.Iodic acid as an indicator, 592.Iodic anhydride, 346.Iodides, estimation of, in presence ofbromides and chlorides, 1261.Iodine, bromine, and chlorine, detec-tion of, 295.~ combination of, with oxygen, inpresence of spongy platinum, 346. - detection and estimation of,TRANS., 471. - estimation of, in organic com-pounds, 1162 -- in urine, 296. - exchange of chlorine, bromine,and, between organic and inorganiccompounds, 34, 35.ginia, 228.- in Peru, obtaining, 706.- method of testing for, in presenceof 1art.e quantities of bromine, 189.- oxidation of, during nitrification,870. - chloride, and its action on organiccompounds, especially on quinolinesand alkalo'ids, 672.lodoform, actiou of solid potash on asolution of, in acetone, 648.Iodoform, iodine in Iiumaii urine after- preparation of, 463.lodopropargglic acid, 1199.Ipornmic acid, 670.Iridium, fusing, casting, dephosphoris-ing, and plating of, 462. - new compounds of, 356.Iron, and iron ores, estimation of arsenic- assimilat'ion of, in the animal- Atwood's process for refining, 12i3. - beliaviour of the different modifi-cations of carbon towards, at anelevated temperature, 725.- calorimetric method for estimatingsmall quantities of, TRANS., 493.- co-operation of water in tlie S ~ O Woxidni ion of, 1105. - electrolytic estimation of, 191. -- estimation of, by means of potas-sium iodide, 1011. - estimation of, by potassium per-mrtnganatc in presence of free hjdro-chloric acid and chlorides, 29'7. - estiniation of carbon and sulphurin, 1161. - estimation of, in alloys, 194. - estimation of manganese and phos-- examination of, 1160. - ingot, malleable, production of,1271.- metallic, from Greenland, anal! sesof, 639. - monoselenide, and the preparationof hydrogen selenide from it, TRANS.,443.- ores, addition of manganese to,1271. -- specular, of Cuba, genesis of,356.-- titration of, 932. - phosphate, a new, from Belgium,- producing a coating of ferroso-- production of galvanic deposits on,- pyrophoric, 752.- separation of aluminium and, 6R9. - separation of from manganese andaluminium, by electrolysis, 1094.- rolumetric estimation of, 840. - sulphate, application of, in agri-culture, and its value as a plant food,TRANS., 46.the external application of, 413.in, 838.organism, 574.phorous in. 597.878.femic oxide on, 1271.940.Isatin, action of chromic acid on, 58. - cheniic'il constitution of, 665. - preimration of, 167.Isatinyhenylmercaptan, 749INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 1361.Isatoic acid, 55. -- and its derivatives, 665,666. - and anthranilcarboxylic acids, ex-periments to establish the identity orotherwise of. 666.Isethionic acid, chloro-, anilide of, 787.Isobenzalphthalide, 1230.Isobenzalphthalimidine, 1231.Isohenzylidenephthalide, 1230.Isobutyl alcohol, action of chlorine on,961.- chloride, action of alcoholic potashand of hydrogen chloride on, 615.Tsobutvlallyl dimethyl carbinol, 237.Isobutylene chloride, 645.Iso b utylformanilide, 7’73.Isobutylorthamidotoluenes, two iso-Isobutylorthiodotoluene, 152.Is0 butylorthocreeol, 152.Isobutylorthoformotoluide, 153,154.Isobutylorthotoluic acid, 153, 151.Isobutjlorthotolunitrile, 153, 154.Isocaprolactoyd, and a hyciroxy- acidIsocaprolactoue, action of sodium ethyl-- action of water and of hydriodicIsocinchomeronic acid, 81 5.- constitution of, 1078.Isocyaiiates, organic, conversion of, intothiocarbimides, 526.- presence of, i i i the first running oftlie distillation of crude benzene, 463.Tsodialdane, 240.Is~~dinaphthyl, certain derivatives of,TI~ANJ., 104.- tetranitro- and tetramido-, TBANS.,105, 106.Isodinaplithyl-quinone, TRAXS., 104.Isodurene, action of benzoic chlorideon, in presence of aluminium chloride,253.- glycol, 645.niwic, and their derivatives, 151.from it, 96.i..tire on, 963.arid on, 375.Isoethinediphthalyl, 267,268.Isoeuxanthone, 1077.Isofulminuric acid, 39.laohydrobenzoh carbonate, 284.Isoindoleucine and its derivatives, 1223.Isomannide, 743, 744.Isomerism of acetylene hydrocarbons,- in tlie benzene series, 628, 1177.Isomethyldiphenylpyrazene and itsIsomethpldi phenylpjrazenecarboxy licIsophloridzin, so-called, 1142.Isoprupenyl carhinol, action of acid736.ealts.810.acid and its salts, 810.and of hydrogen iodide on, 645.Ieopropenyl carbinol, action of h\-d1*0-Isopropgl benzoate, chlor-, preparation- phenylcarbamate, 656.Isopropylacetonglphosphinic acid antlIsopropylt~llyl dirneth.1 carbinol and its-Ieopropylbenzene, 1054.Isopropylphosphino-carboxylic acid,a-leopropylpyridine and its derivatives,Isopropyltoluene, 1054.Isosaccharin and i t 4 derivatives, 744.Isuvitic acid, constitution of, 790.chloric acid on, 647.of, TRANS., 135.its salts, 7-17.derivatives, 497.74s.992.6.Jade, analysis of, 491.Jadeite, unwrought, frctm Switzerland,Jalapin, 669.Jalapinole, 669.Jalapinolic acid, 6’10.Jambosa root, crystalline substancefrom, 396.Jambosin, 396.Japaconitine, 911.Japanese belladonna, 404.- bronzes, analyses of, 204. - oils, three, 1023.__. petroleum, distilled, an apparentl)new hydrocacbon from, TRANS., 924.Jequirity zymase, 1085.Jordanite mid meneghinite, isomorphismJugloue and its derivatives, 546, 803. - and regianin, identity of, 1143.Juglonic acid, 548.Jugloxime, 547.1188.of, 639.constitution of, 548. -K.Kninite, separation of, from rock salt,614._I working up the mother-liquorsfrom schoenite in the production of,306.Kairoline, derivatives of, 1245.Kanarin, preparation of, 107.Kaolin deposits of the south-westernprovinces of Russia, geological antlchemical examination of, 879.Kadinit,e from Calhoun Cs., Alab:tm:i,2281362 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.Kephir, 912.lietones, additive and condensation-compounds of diketones with, TRANS.,11.- isomeric, 506.- oxidation of, 1197. - synthesis of tertiary alcohols from,n -Ketonic acids, ctondensation-productsKetonic acids, conversion of, into lac--- conversion of, into unm-- synthesis of, from aldehydesKidney, hisblogicsl chemistry in rela-Kinoin in Malabar kino, 59.Koch's cultivating fluids, alkaloid in,Kola nuts, Sterculia acuminata, 712.Koninckite, a new hydrated phosphateof iron, 878.Iiorting's apparatus, use of, for forcingthe gases through sdpliuric acidchambers, 1166.Koumias, composition of, 849.881.of, 758.tones, 165.turated lactones, 1200.and ethyl diazoacetate, 1238.tion to the physiology of, 923.1250.L.Laboratory apparatus, new forms of,481.- a t Dresden, apparatus and arrange-menta of, 951.Labradorite rock of the coasts ofLabrador, 614.Lactalbumin, 1000.Lactic ferment in milk, 1170.Lac toglobulin, 1000.Lactone, double, obtained in the pre-paration of ethinediplitthalyl, 267.Lactones, condensation-products of, 375. - conversion of ketonic acids into,165.- conversion of lactonic acids into,963. - unsaturated, conversion of ketonic*acids into, 1200.Lootonic acid, 967. -- acids, conversion of, into lactones,Lactose, action of lead acetate on, 444. - determinations of, in milks by- estimation of, in condensed milk,Lm orotatory substance, a new (pseudo-Lukiiio'id, a, 148.963.optical methods, 601.443.hprlroxr butpic acid), 284,Lskmo'id and other indicators, 1157.- as a reagent for alkalis, 931.Lantha4num, sulphides of, 955.Latent heat of fusion, 626.Lauric acid, heat of combustion and thespecific and latent heats of, 1176,1177.Lauronolic acid, 669.Lauth's violet, 259.Lead, acetate, basic, as ft test for oliveoil, 603.- action of ammonia on the halogensalts of, 1114. - and its alloys, action of concen-trated sulphuric acid on, 460. - assaying in the wet way, 596. - co-operation of water in the slow- native, from the Andaman Islands,- nitrates, basic, 725. - nitrososulphate, existence of,- phjsiological effect of, on rumi-- precipitate, influence of, on poluri-Leather, vegetable, 851.- waste, nitrogen in, 930.Leaves, activity of assimilation by, 289. - colouring-matter of, 670. - evolution of carbonic anhydrideand absorption of oxygen by, in thedark, 927. - floaticg and submerged, gas con-tained in, 1153. - freshly fallen, manurial value andanalyees of, 686. - green, detection of starch in, 831. - metastasis in, 831. - presence of amylase in, 182. - vine, formation of starch in, 1004.1,ectul.e experiment on flame, 1035. - experiments, 215, 869. -- on the occ!ueion of hydrogenby palladium, and on spectrumanalysis, 1035.Leech, medicinal, action of a secretionobtained from, 571.Leguminoem, source of the nitrogen of,418.Lemon oil, adulteration of, with oil ofturpentine, 1163.Lepidine, colouring matters from, 673.Lepidinesulphonic acid, 562.Leucite-basalt from the Vogelsberg, 33.Leucomaines (ptoma'ines), 676.Leucomanganite, 640.Leucoxene, 28.Levonic acid and its salts, 653.Levulinic acid, derivatives of, 1123.Lichens, exchange of gases betmeen, andoxidat,ion of, 1105.1185.TRANS., 364.nants, 74.sation, 694.the atmosphere, 580INDEX OF SUELIECTS.1363Light, a unit for the measurement of,- absolute unit of, 622. -- cherniral action of, 1173. -- and its physiological actionon chlorophyll, '714. - constant of electromagnetic rota-tion of, in carbon bisulphide, 325. - electromagnetic rotation of theplane of polerisaiion of, by iron,nickel, and cobalt, 5.c_ influence of, on the action ofhalogens on aromatic coinpounds,767.___ - of, on the course of chemicalreactions in the bromination ofaromatic compounds, 518, 888.-- of, on the electrical resis-tances of metals! 469. - law of emanation of, from incan-descent substances, 623.-relationship between molecularstructure and the absorption of. 1173. - spectrographic investigations ofdiffrrent standards of; their use inmeasuring photographic sensitiveness,1026.Lily of the Valley (Convulluria ?nujalis),271.Lime, estimation of alumina in, 441." Lime diphosphate," 615.Limestone, erosion of, 358.Limestones, older, of the secondaryseries, origin of iron, manganese, andzinc minerals in, 644.Limonite, 1116. - from South Africa, composition of,Linarite, occurrence of, in slag, 226. - Russian, 11 86.Lines of no chenkal change, 341.Linseed, germination of, 181.- cake, adulteration of, 425.Liquid to solid state, influence cf changeLiquids, boiling of, in a vessel contained- cohesion and adhesion of, 111. - critical volumes of, 331. - double refraction of, 318. - fermentable, sterilisation of, in thecold, 287. - magnetic, influence of magnetisa-tion on the resistance of, 213. - Mendelkeffs formula for the ex-pansion of, and Thorpe and Rucker'sformula for determining the criticaltemperatures of, from their coefficientof expansion, 859. - reciprocal solution of, 340. - relation between molecular weightand velocitj of evaporation o€, 112.1.132.from, on vapour pressures, 629.in s aater-bath, 4'74.Listwaenite from the PoroschnajaMountain, near Nischne-Tagilsk,224.Lithium, spectroscopic estimation of,1012.- carbonate, sohibility of, 634.- salts, a new reaction of, 441.- sulphate, heat of dissolution of,TRANS., 98.Litters, various, absorptive and eva-porative powers of, 1008.Liver, cephalopod, pancreatic functionof, 829.Loganetin, 396.Loganm, 396.Low temperatures, use of boiling,oxygen, nitrogen, carbonic oxide, antiatmospheric air for producing, 715,1101. -- very, production of, 1101.Lubricating oil from Baku naphtha,Lucerne, digestibility of, by the horseLupines, percentage of alkalo'ids in- removal of the bitter principles- water culture of, 4.20.Lupinidine, behaviour of, with ethyliodide, 6'16. - from Lupinus luteus and itsderivatives, 177.Lutcochromium salts, 23.Lutidine, 397, 557.- new, 994. - eynthetical, and its derivatives, 815.a-Lutidine, so-called, isolation of, 815.n-y-Lutidine, 816.y-Lutidine, behaviour of, with metallica- y- Lu t i dine-p-rarboxylic acid and itsLutidinedicarboxylic acid and its salts,Lutidinic acid, 557.Lycaconine, 403.Lgcaconitine, 403.Lgcoctonic acid, 403.Lycoctonine, 403.manufacture of, 620.and sheep, 410.different varieties of, 832.from, 184.salts, 671.salts, 1244.62.M.Mucleya rordata, alkaloyd of, 404.Macleyine, 4Q4.Magenta, detection of, in extract ofarchil, 1015.Magnesia industry, 1166.Magnesium, electrolptic production of,from carnallite, 9423 364 INDEX OF SUB.JECTS.Magnesium and potassium hydrogencarbonates, limit to the combinationof, 872. - oarbonate, solubility of, in car-bonk acid, 484.- hjdrocavbonate, '724. - hydroxide, crystallised, formationof, 11 83. - phosphate, new crystallised, andthe corresponding arsenate, 724. - preparation of, 1112. -- of, by electrolysirr, 940.__. suboxide, 123. - sulphate, caloi imetric determina-- use of, for Berigal lights, 1172.Magnetisation, intluence of, on theresistance of magnetic liquids, 213.Magnetite, microscopic association of,with titanite and rutile, 27.Maize, analyses of, TRANS., 88. - chemical composition of, as in-- composition of, 291. - fodder, analyses of, TRANS., 85, 86. - heads as fodder, and analyses of,- quantity of nitrogen in the silage- silage, analyses of, TRANS., 85,Maleates, ethereal, action of sodicMale'ic acid and anhydride, dichloro-,-- monochloro-, Carius', 652.- anhydride, action of phosphoruspentachloride on, TRANS., 899. -- rate of formation of, 757. - phenplimide, dichloro-, 652. - tetrachloride, a- and #l-dichloro-,Male"nimide, dibromo-, 993.Malic acid, 1201. -- and its ethereal salts, 1049. -- condensation products from,Malonamide, 886.Malonanilic acid, 983.Malt coonibs and the non-albumino'idscontained in them, influence of, on theyield of milk, 929.tions of, TRANS., 2 0 0 .fluenced by environment, 585.1087.of, TRANS., 80.86.alcoholakes on, TRANS., 855.652.652.174.- peptone, 822. - stored, 1169.Malting barley, properties of, 1169.Malto-dextrin, TRANS., 560.Maltose, manufacture of, byDubrunfaut'sMandelic acid, derivatives of, 982.Manganese, aluminium sulphate, a newhydrous, from Sevier Co., Tennessee,226.method, 205.Manganese arsenatgs from Nordmarken- colorimetric estimation of, 690.- compounds analogoua to ferro- andferri-cyanide of potassium, prepnra-tion of, 737.in Wermland, 959.- estimation of, 1264. -- of, in cast-iron or spiegel--- of, in iron and steel, 597. -- of , in spiegeleisen, ferro-- existence of, in plants and animals,- minerals, origin of, 1119.1__ peroxide, valuation of, 1162. - precipitation of, with bromineeisen, 84.manganese, &c., 690.421.690.steel 307. -- volumetric estimation of, 442,--- of; influence of organicManganites of the alkaline earths, 1114.Mangolds, various, feeding value of,Manit,oba prairie soils, sources of theManna, Turkestan, 943.Mannitol, anhydrides of, '744.lead nitrate, 743.- new anhydride of, 367. - reduction of, by formic acid, 743.Manometers, alterations in the arrange-Manure, farmyrird, analyses of, 1260. -- composition of, 834._I fresh stable, eEects of, on potatoes,- materials, various, 1156. - peat as, 428. - sheep, improvement of, by kainite,- stable, preservation of ammonia in,Manures, artificial, estimation of thc- complementary, 930. - containing thiocyanatcs, experi-ments with, 76. - estimation of phosphoric acid in.Method adopted for 1885 by theAssociation of Official AgriculturalChemists, 437, - estimation of potasgium in. Methodadopted for 1885 by the Associationof Ofticial Agricultural Chemists,440.- influence of different systems ofapplying, 1156. - new method of estimating phos-phoric acid in, 436.840.matter and iron, 85.1259.ferti1it)y of, TRANS., 380, 408.-ment of, 4T5.189.834.187.relative value of nitrogen in, 436INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 1365Manures, phosphatic, nnalysis of, 838. - potash, for potatoes, 83. -- use of, in Brittany, 83.Manuring experiments, 186, 187, 1010. - -_ with Chili saltpetre, 187. -- with precipitated phosphate,Mrirgarite from Qainesville, analysis of,Marmalite from Himmelfahrt Mine,Mareh’s apparatus, use of hydrochloricMass, action of, 480.Maximum work, principle of, 868.Meat extract,, influence of, on the tem-Mecenic acid, chloro-, ’and its salts, 1202.Meconic acid, action of phosphoric-- nitrogenous derivatives of, 48.Melilotic acid and anhydride, 390.-- action of aniline and of methyl-amine on, 1220.Melting point of substances in contact,330.- points and boiling points asrelated to chemical composition, 329.Menaccanite from Lancaster Co., Fa.,960.Meneghinite and jordanite, isomorphismof, 639.Mercaptals or thio-acetals, 7’48.Mercaptans, compounds of, with alde-hydes, ketones, and ketonic acids, 748.Mercaptoles, 749.Mercapturic acids, oxidation of, 514.Mercuric iodide, solubility of, in waterMercurous iodide, action of light on,- nitrate and nitric oxide, reaction-- and nitrites, reaction between,- sulphate, note on the preparationMercury, action of nitric peroxide on,- diorthoxglene, 144.- fulminate, action of thiocpnicacid, and of ammonium thiocyanateon, 39.-- decomposition of, 38, 39,TRANS., footnote, 72, 76.c_ impure, electric conductivity of,and methods of purification, 322. - native, from Servia, 730. -- ocourrence of, in the allu-vium in Louisiana, 876. - purification of, by distillation in 8vacuum, 350.429.491.Freiburg, 222.acid in, 440.perature of the body, 409.chloride on, 1202.and alcohol, 350.1173.between, PROC., 95.PROC., 95.of, TRANS., 639.TRANS., 631.Mercury, solid, and other metals, elec-trical conductivity of, at low tempera-tures, 855. -- electric con dnctivit~ andtemperature coefficient of, 1028. - unit, Siemens’, reproduction of,1027, 1099. - lapour-pressures of, TRASS., 656.- volatility of, 953.Mesitylene, presence of, in differentmineral oils, 1209.Metabolism of five children of agrsvarying from 5 to 15 jmrs, M9.Metacyanobenzoic acid, 981.a-Metadiquinolines, 1144.a-Metadiquinolj lines and their salts,Metahsemoglobin, crptalliiie, from the1145.dog, 276. - study of, 40’7.Metahydroxyanthraquinone, TRANS.,Netahydroxyphenylquinoline and itsMetaisobutyltolnene, 152.Metallic chlorides, influence of con-centration on the specific heat ofaqueoua and alcoholic solutions of, 8. - layers, thin, optical properties of,1026. - solutions, reduction of, by meansof gases, &c., 1112.Metallurgy, improvements in, 707,1271. - noTelties in, 940. - progress in, 1167.Metals, action of anhjdrous smmoniacalammonium nitrate on, 1039.- certain, action of pyrosulphuricacid on, TRANS., 6%. - certain, not precipitated by hydro-gen sulphide, detection of, in theprecipitate produced by ammonia,1264.680.salts, 1145.- electrolytic production of, 941.- electromotive force between, at- estimation of oxygen in, 1167. - influence of light on the electrical- precipitated by hydrochloric acid,- purification of, by electrolgsie, 941. - relations of heat to voltaic andthermoelectric action of, in electro-lytes, 325. - solid mercury and other, electricalconductivity of, at low temperatures,855. - Borne, action of, on mixtures ofacetylene and air, 951. - spectrd lines of, developed byexploding gases, 317.high temperatures, 1175.resistance of, 469.separation of, 5971366 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.Metaparatoluenediamine, dicyano-, andMetaphenylenediamine, action of carbonMefasaccharin, derivatives of, 745.Metastasis in leaves, 831.Metatoluic acid, nitro-, 522.Metatolyl carbinol, 655.Metaxylene, bromo-substitution deriva- - description and measurement of- monochloro-, 1052.- nitro- and amido-derivatives of,Metaxylidine, symmetrical, 522.Meteoric iron from Coahuila, Mexico,-- from Wichita Co., Texas, 493. -- of Lenarto, hydrogen in, 634. - sand, 231.Meteorite from Durango, 230.- new, found a t Grand Rapids,Michigan, 494.- NgiLwi, 1190. - Santa Catharina, 362.Methaldehyde, action of amines on, 647.Met harnidocarbiinidocyanaruidobenzoyl,1227.Methane, and mono-, di-, and tetra-chloro-, inhalation of, 926.- dichloro-, physiological action of,compared with that of chloroform,285.- illuminating power of, TRANS., 200. - liquefaction and solidification of,- nitro-, action of benzaldehydehjde- - rertctions with, 119’7. - preparation of, TRARS., 200.Methenyldicumylamidine, TRANS,, 768.Methenyldi-ortho- and para-toljlamid-Methenyldiphenylamidine, TRANS., 767.Methenyltriallyl ether, preparation of,Met hoxycarballylic acid, 5 12.Methoxydiallylacetic acid and its ethylMethoxynaphthoic acids, anilides of,Methoxynicotinic acid, 175, nnd TRANS.,-- - constitution of, 558.Methoxynitrobenzenenitriles, 657.Methoxypyridine, 811.Methoxyquinolinic acid, 1235.Methoxysuccinic acid and its salts, pro-salts of, TRANS., 85’7, 858,its derivatives, 257.bisulphide on, 156.tives of, 518.the spectrum of, TRANS., 704.144.880.860.on, 160.ine, TRANS., 764, ’766.740.salt, 512,1624.154.perties of, TRANS., 863.871.Met hoxytriphenylmethane, diamido-,Methronene, 52P.Methyl acrylates, three, refractive in-dices of, 11’73.- alcohol, estimation of, in ethylalcohol, 600. -- separation and estimation of,in presence of ethyl alcohol, 298. - azinsuccinate, 886. - benzaldibenzoylacetate, 1238.- chloroformate, preparation of,- bromophenoxynicotate, 176. - coumalanilidate, 175. - dehydracetate, action of anilineon, and remarks on, by Haitinger,761. - dextro- and leevo-tartrates, forma-tion of niethylraceinate from, 966.- dinitrocinnamate, additive corn -pounds of, 1137.- ethyl acetal, 136.- methylnaringenate, 907. - monochlorof umamte, 652.- paranitrophenyl-a-nitro-/3-lactate,- pyrrolineglyoxylate, 378. - racemate, formation of, frommethyl dextro- and leevo-tartrates,966. - salicylate, vzpour - pressures of,TRANS., 649, 655. -- - phenylcarbamate, TRANS.,775. - thiocyanurate, 1193. - thiophentricarboxylate, 1205.a-Methyl-p-acetopropionic acid, distilla-Methylamidochlorobenzoic acids, 793.Me1 hylamidohydroxybutyric acid, 752.Methylamidoperezone, 778.Methy lumidosulphobenzoate, 792.Methylamine, commercial, extraction ofMethylammonium rhodiochlorides,lll6.a-Methyl-a-anilidosuccinic acid and itsMethylaniline, bromodini tro- and di-Methglapocinchene and its hydrochlor-Methylapocinchenic acid, 1249.Methylarbutin, synthetical, 521.Methylbenzene, nitro-, 903.Methylbenzylamarine, 1133.Methylbenzyl oxide, action of phosphoricMethylbrucine, ammonium base obtainedMethyl butyl ketone, oxidation of, 1197.Methylcafluric acid, 995.1141.883.1137.tion of, 1200.amines from, 501.derivatives, 900.nitro-, 1214.ide, 1248.chloride on, 252.from, 819INDEX OF SUBJECTS.1367Mcthylcarbophenylhtidylium dehydr-Methylcarbostyril, nitro- and amido-,Methylcarbostyrilsulphonic acid, 1235.Methylcarvoxime, 1058.Methylchloroquinoline, 2’ : 3‘, 2’74.Methylcinchonamine, 66.Methylcopellidme and its derivatives,P-Methyldaphnetin, 56.Methyldiphenylpyrrazene, 123’7. - and it# derivatives, 556.Methy ldiphen ylpyrrazenecorboxylicacid, 556.Methyldiphenylthiocarbamides, actionof ammonia and of orthotoluidine on,383.Methylene-blue and allied dyes, 259.Methylene chloriodide, TRANS., 198.- dichloride, .preparation of, 38. - iodide, action of sodium phenyl-Methplenediphengldiamine, 782.Methylenediaulphonic acid, salts of,Methyleneiodophenylsulphone, 536.Methylenephthalide, 1228.- and its bromide and oxide, 164,- bromo-, 165.Methylenephthalomethimidine, 1228.Methjlenephthalyl, broruo-, 1ti5.a-Methylethylpyridine, 55’7.Methylflavolinium hydroxide, 559.Methj lformylortliamidochlorobeiizoica-Methglglycexic .acid and its saltg,/?-Methylglycidic acid, additive productMcthylhesperidin, 906.Methylhydroxyglutaric acid from levu-linic acid and the corresponding lao-tonic acid, 1202.Methjlhydroquinddine, derivatives of,1245.Methylindazole, 541.Metliylisoindileucine, 1223.Methylmono- and di-benaoylphenyl-hydrazine, 1060, 1061.Methylnarceine and its salts, 997.Methylnitraniline, trinitro-, 660.Methyl-P-nitroso-a-naphthol, 1238.Methyloxamic acid, 398.Methyloxypyridine and its derivatives,Methglparamethoxy diphenylamine,Methylparatolyhlphone, 537.Methylparaxylketme and its derivatives,ide, 398.1235.817.sulphinate on, 536.970.165.acid, 792.651.of methylamine and, 752.966.155.1136.Methylphenanthroline and its derira-iMethylphenylbenzylpymzene, 1237.Methylphenylethjlthiocarbamide, 383.Metliplphenylhpdrazine and its salt$,tives, 392.1061.Met hjlpheny lhydrazinephenylglyoxylicacid, 535.Methyiphenylsulphone, 536.Methylpiienyltaurine, preparation of,Methjlphenylthiocarbamide, 383.Methglplienylurethaiie, 384.a-Methylpipexidine derivatives, 557.- a-metliy lpiperylthiocarbaxua te,Methjlpiperidine, new, 812.n-Methylprop~l-B-liyclroxy butyric acid,Methylpeeudochlorisatin, 792.Met h. lpseudolutidostyril hydrochloride,decomposition-product of, 397.Methylpyridinecarboxylic acid, 81’7.Methylpyrrolidine, 1243.Methylpyrroline, action of nascent hy-- and pseudoaceto-, 3.78.Methylquinaldinium hydroxide, 558.Methylyuinoline, orthiodo-, 815.Methj lquinolines, 1079.Methylquinolinium hydroxide, 552).Met hylstilbene, 1065.Methylsulphonic acid, derivatives of,- chloride, trichloro-, 36’7.Me thy ltetrahydi ocinchonic anhydride,Methylthiodiphenylamine, diamido-, andMethylth~ophencarboxjlic acid and itsMetliylthiophens, isomeric, 766.Methyltoluidine, para-, derivatives of,Methjluramidobenzoic acid, 1226.i\u3 ethj luric acid, artificial, 1050.a- Met lijlv alerolactone from isosacch;tl.in,Methyl-violet, crystalline bases from,-- crjstallised, 791.-- preparation of, 711.-- preparation of the sulphonicMethyl-xonthme, synthesis of, 275.M iargyrite, crystalline form of,Mica, boric acid in, 643.Microbes, vitality of germs of, 417.Microlite, ’736.Micro-organisms, chemical changes inTRANS., 372.557.decomposition of, by heat, 376.drogen on, 809.367.561.its derivatires, 259.silver salt, 1206.975.‘744.895.acids of, 208.11 16.relation lo, TRANS., 1591368 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.Micro-organisms in Roils, 426.-- - in the air, quantitative esti-Microscopic analysis, 689. - chemical reactions, 294.Microzjmae and vibrioles, origin of, inair, water, soil, &c., 417.Milarite, 1187.Mildew in vines, removal of, 590. - use of copper sulphate to deetroy,111 ilk adulteration, 299. - albuminoyds of, 1149. - analysis, 446.- bitter, 105. - blue, isolation of the bacterium-- organisms of, 417. - casei’n in, and the action of renneton, 1083.- changes which it undergoes throughthe agency of micro-organisms, 416. - condensed, estimation of mccharose,glucose, and lactose in, 443. - cow’s, estimation of case’in in,936.- - influence of exhausted beet-root pulp on, 73.-- prote’ids of, 1000. - creaming of, 944.- estimation of fat in, 1014. - fat, estimation of, 695. -- human, albuminoi’ds of, 922. -- composition and method ofanalysis of, 282.-_I separation of casei’n fromalbumin in, 845. - influence of malt coombs and thenon-albumino’ids contained in them,on the pield of, 929.mation of, 611.tcI i.which produces, 1171.- lactic ferment in, 1170. - mPre’8, composition of, 849. - new conserving agent for, 612. - notes on, 849. - of the porpoise, composition of,- polarimetric estimation of sugar- preservation of, 1170. - refrigerator, Oberbockstruck‘s,- Thiel’s pasteurising apparatus31 ilk-sugar, 647. -- manufacture of, in Switzer-land, 848.Milks, determinations of lactose in, byoptical methods, 601.- preserved by high temperatures(100” C.) for children’s food, use of,679.1253.in, 693.1022.for, 105.Mineral, new, from Godemas, 230.Mineral, new, from the environs ofNantes, 643. - oils, difTerent? presence of pseudo-cumene and mesitylene in, 1209. -- - process for solidifjing, 309. -- testing, for resin oils, 93. - spring, “ Rornerbrunnen ” a t Ech-- water of Aquarossa, 494. -- Salics-du-Salat, 231. - waters, arsenic in, 232.Mineralogical notes, 641. -- froin Transylvania, 733.Minerals, determination of the coeffi-cient of cubic dilatation of, 218. - determination of the double refrac-tion of, 621. - estimation of graphite in, 689.- from a chromite deposit, 31.- from new localities, 492. - from the environs o€ Pontgibaud,220.- from the metamorphic rocks ofOur0 Preto, Brazil, 30. - iron, manganese, and zinc, originof, in the older limestones of thesecondary series, 644. .- Japanese, 221. - new, from Colorado, 878.- of the cryolite-group from Green-Mirrors, silvering of, 1020.Mixture, thermal and volume changesMolasses, beet, occurrence of leucine an3- extractiou of sugar from, 943. - purification of, 103. - raffinose (melitose 3) from, 368.Molecular structure and the absorptionof light, relationship between, 1173. -- - of carbon compounds andtheir absorption spectra, relation be-tween, Part VII, TR~NS., 685.zell Wet terau, 362.land, 27.attending, 339.tjrosine in, 245.- volume of saline solutions, 334.Molecules, homogeneous, attraction of,- new method for determining the- relation of diameters of, 1182.Monazitic sands of Caravellas, Brazil,489.Mordants, different ferric oxide, be-haviour of, with silk, 315.Morin and its derivnt’ives, 553.Morinsulphonic acid and its salts,Morphia, detection of, in the urine,Morphine, bromine as a test for, 96.- estimation of, in opium, 11 65. - fate of, in the organism, 577.111.size of, 951.554.447INDEX OF XJBJECTS. 1369Mortars, hydraulic, chemical reactionsMucin-group, 677.Muscle, inorgauic constitnents of, 573.Muscles, unstriated, of various animals,action of potassium and sodium saltson, 5’78.Must, specific influence of acetic aaid onthe fermentation of, and the composi-tion of’ the wine produced, 942.in the setting of, 306.Mutton dripping, examination of, 146.Myoctonine, 403.Myristamide, action of brorninatedpotash on, 1197.Myristic acid, heat of combustion andthe specific and latent heats of, 1176,1177.Myristica szcrinamensis, fat of the fruitof, 1197.Myrtus jambosa, crystalline substancefrom, 396.N.Nandina domestica, active constituentsNandinine, 565.Naphthalene, a sulphoxide of, L70.- as an insecticide, 454. - bromo-, vapour - pressures of,TRANS., 650, 656. - constitution of the haloyd deriva-tives of, TRANS., 437. - derivatives of, 1239. - description and measurement of- a- and 6-diamido-, 1298. - iodine-derii-atives of, TRANS., 518. - tribromo-, 1839.Naphthalenes, bromiodo- TRANS., 523.7 di- and tri-bromo-, deriTed fromdibromonaphthylamines, TRANS., 510.- diiodo-, THANS., 521. - nitrobromo-, TRANS., 506. - nitroiodo-, TRANS., 519.Naphthaleosin, 667.Naphthalfluoresce‘in and its derivatives,Nxphthalfluorescin, 668.Naphthanilide, bromo-, 667.Naphthaqumols, to distinguish certain,392.u- and p-Naphthaquinone, action ofmethylhydroxylatuine hydrochlorideon, 1238.a-Naphthaquinone and benzoquinone,behaviour of, towards sulphuric acid,802.of, 565:the spectrum of, TRANS., 697.667.- and its derivatives, 667. - tetrsbromo-, 163.a-Naphthaquinonehydrazide, and it Jidentity with benzene azo-a-naphthol,391.p-Naphtliaquinonehpdrazide, 391.Naphthaquinoximes, 775.a-Naphthoic acids, mononitro-, and theirP-Naphthoic acids, mononitro-, and theira-Naphthol, iodonitro-, TRANS., 524.- action of bromine on, 162. - bromonitro-, and some of its mlts,- pentabromo-, 163. - synthesis of, 546.&Naphthol, iodo-, TRANS., 525. - nitroso-, compounds of nickel andNaphthol methyl ether, bromonitro-,- 8-moniodo-, a new, 672.- nitroso-, action of hydrogen s u l --- and its derivatives, 169, 545.a- and P-Naphtholazobenzene, deriva-tives of, 546.CL- and P-Naphthoiazobenzene-azo-a- andB-naphthol, TRANS., 663, 664.a-Naphthoiazohenzene - azo -p - naphthol,and its disulphonic acid (so&um salt),TRANS., 664.a- and P-Napbtholazobenzene-azophenyl,TRANS., 665, 666.a- and P-N aphtholazobenzene-azoresor-cinol, TRANS., 665, 666.P-Naphtho1:Lzobenzei:e-azosalicylic acid,Naphthol-green, preparation of, 3 12.Naphthols, action of diazoparanitro-- nitroso-, preparation of, 801.Naphtholsulphonic acid, iodo-, 673.P-Naphthoquinohnesulphonic acid, 561.preparation of, 945./3 - Naplithyl benzoate and acetate,- cinnamate, decomposition of, bya- and P-Naphthyl phenylcarbamide,Naphthyl sulphide, dinitro-, 171.P-Naphtliylamine, action of diazo-corn-- a-dibromo-, 1239.Naphthylamine, bromonitro-, TRANS.,- compounds, preparation of, 312.Nayhthylaminesulphonic acid, iodo-, 673.Naphthylaminea, bromo-, TRANS., 5b8.p dibromo-, and their derived di-and tri-bromonaphthalenes, TUN s.,510.derivatives, 548.derivatives, 904.TRANS., 501.cobalt with, 8$0.TUX‘S., 502.phites on, 987.TRASS., 667.benzene on, TRANS., 661.--a-nitro-, reduction of, 659.heat, 1065, TRANS., 899.1224, TBANS., 776.pounds on, 802,1238.5001370 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.j3-Naph thjldimethylyyrrollinecarbox ylicNaphthylenedinaph thylsulphoxide,8-Naphthylenetoluquinoxaline, 909.Narceine, derivntires of, 996.Narcotine, bromine as a test for, 96.Naringenic acid, 907.Naringenin, 906.Naringin and its derivatives, 906.Neodymium, 11 13.Nepheline-basalt from the Vogelsberg,Nepheline rocks in the United States,Nephrite from Tordansmuhl, in Silesia,- from Tasmanirt, 733.Neurine of commerce, physiological ac-Nickel and cobalt, separation of, 840.-- extraction of, from its ores, 204. - malleable, preparation of, 308. - ore from Nevada, specimens of,-- from Piney Mountain,- salts, physiological action of,- separation of zine from, 193,595.Nicotine, estimation of, 604.- poisoning by, 416.Nicotinic acid, and chloro-, TRAX’S.,Nicotinic acid, chl’oro-, 173.Nitmtes, behaviour of, in Kjeldahl’smethod for the estimation of nitrogen,1261. - formation of deposits of, in tro-pical regions, 1042.Nitrszo-compounds, intermediate reduc-tion-products of, 894. -- products of the reduction of,789,1131.Nitric acid, behaviour of stannous chlo-ride towards, TRANS, 623. -- detection and estimation ofsmall quantities of, in the air, water,soils, &o., 10%. - - detertion of, and in presenceof nityous acid, 583. - - esbimation of, by means ofdipbenplamine and potassium-stan-nous sulphate, 930.- - estimation of, in potablewater, 691. - - reducing aebion of coke on,936. - - stains, recognition of, ontextures, 585. -- volumetric estimatrion of,535.acid, 555.170.33.230.361, 1119, 1189.tion of, 925.489.Oregon, 1190.681.151.Nitric acid, with carbon bisulphide, a ption of direct sunlight on a mixtureof, contained in sealed tubes, 1110. - oxide, absorption of, by ferroussalts, 1109. -- and oxygen, reaction be-tween, under varying conditions,TRANS., 465.-- behaviour of st,annous chlo-ride towards, TRANS., 623. -- liquefaction and sdidificutionof, 860. -- solubility of, in sulphuricacid, 954. -- peroxide; liquid, constitution andreactions of, TRANS., 630.Nitrification, TRANS., 181. -- action of upsum in promoting,TRANS., 758.- oxidation of iodine during, 870.Nitriles, chloro-, volatility of, 1044. - from aromatic formamides, 772. - obtained from phosphates of thearomatic aeries, 1055.Nitrogen, behaviour of nitrates inKjeldahl’s method for the estimationof, 1261. - chloride, electrolytic preparationof, 347. - determinations by Kjeldahl’s me--- 430, 833, 1011.-- - by the copper oxide method,593. -- by the copper oxide method.and the comparison of this and thoRuse method, 930. -- in Chili saltpetre, &c.,435. -- in subst.ances containing or-ganic. ammoniacal, and nitric nitro-gen, 1011.thod, 688, 837, 930.-- in urine,and fcces, 303. -- of the relative value of, inartificial manure, 436. - influence of bodily labour on theelimination of, 412.- Kjeldahl’s met hod of estimating,modification of, 837.- liquid, insulating properties of,1099. - modification of Dumas’ method forthe estimation of, 189. - necessary for cultivated plants,75. - of ammonia nnd certain aminesand amides, analytical studies on,1092. - of peat, experiments on, 188.- solidification of, 475. -- t,lie oxides of, TRANS., 187. - rolumetric esbimation of, 1011INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 1371Nitrogen peroxide, absorption spectrumof, 949. -- dissociation of, 862.Nitroglycerol works, recovering theRitrolic acids, 1131.Nitrometer, modification of, for use as aureometzr and other purposes, 1267. - use of, in the estimation of potas-sium permanganate, zinc-dust, andreduced iron powder, 1162.waste acids from, 619.Nitroprussides, action of heat on, 234.- formation of, without the use ofnitric acid, 739.Nitrosulphates, decomposition and pro-perties of, TRYNS., 203. - Pelouze’s, comersion of, into hy-ponitrites and sulphites, TRANS., 203.Nitrosyl sulphate, preparation of,TRANS., 197.Nitrous acid, detection of, and in pre-sence of nitric acid, 593. - anhydride,. existence of, in thegaseous state, TRANS., 457. -- gaseous, non-existence of,TRANS., 672. - ether, spirit of, estimation of ethylnitrite in, 842. - oxide, preparation of, 613.NO2 group, displacement of, by an oxy-Nocerine, chemical examination of, 957.Nondecylic acid, normal, 508.Nonylenic acid and its salts, 649.Nuclein, &c., microchemical detection- of grape-stones, 823.Nux-vomica, alkalo’ids of, TRANS., 139.alkyl group, 657.of, 610.0.Oats, alimentary vahe of, 281.- cultivation of varieties of, 1008.Octodecyl iodide, 509.Octosulphates, 121.Octylbenzene, paramid-, and its deriva-Octylbenzonitrile, 523.Octylenic acid, 649.Octyltoluene, amid-, and its derivatives,CEhanthodiacetonamine, 503.Oidiuna lactis, 417.Oil of bergamot, 171. - of cajeput, 171. - of cassia, testing, 697. - of eucalyptus, 171. - of gaultheria, 528. - of lemon, 171. - of orange peel, 171, 1163.tives, 523.523.Oil of roses, testing, 934. - seeds, preparation of soaps from,Oils, estimation of free acid in, 416. - ethereal, 550. - fixed, three Chinese, and three- Hubl’s method for the examins-- viscosity of, 196.Old metal, to obtain ammonia in theprocess of recovering tin 01’ zinc froiii,940.Oleic acid, oxidation of, by an alkalinesolution of potassium permanganate,1049.1023.Japanese, 1022, 1023.tion of, 1014.Oleum corticis azcrantiorzcrn, 171.Oleum cynce, 171.Olive oil, basic lead acetate as a test for,603.-- - detection of cotton-seed oilin, 301.Olivine, pseudomorphs of hornblendeafter, 1188.Opionin, 1074.OpionSlic acid, 1074,Opium, estimation of morphine in, 1165.Optic axes, new apparatus for measur-ing the angle of, 622.Optical units, 2.Orange-peel oil, adulteration 04 withoil of turpentine, 1163.Organic compounds, action of chlorineon, in presence of inorganic chlorides,36. -- nitrogenous, new method forthe synthesis of, 275.7- relation between bhe compo-sition and the absorptlon spectra of,949.Organic matter, combustible, in the air,118.Organisms which produce zjmaees, ob-servations concerning, 580.Orpiment from Bosnia, 230.Orthaldehydophenoxyacetic acid mdits deripatives, 388.Orthite from Virginia, 229.Orthobenzoylbenzoic acid, phenylhydra-zine compound of, 797.Orthocarboxylic-phenylglyoxylic acid,533.Orthoclase crystals, crystallographicalexeminrttion of, 733,Orthoccmmaraldehyde, 1073.Orthocoumaric acid, action of hydro-Orthocoumaroxyacetic acid and its de-Orthocoumaryl alcohol, 1074.Orthocresol, paranitro- and paramido-,bromic acid and bromine on, 391.rivatives, 389.8921372 INDEX CF SUBJECTS.Ortho-diketones, colour reaction ex-Orthoethyltoluene, preparation and oxi-Orthohydroxybenzenesiilphonic acid, an-Orthoh y droxy benzylideneamido-di-Orthohydroxyplienylsulphonio acid asOrthomethylarnidochlorostyrene, 167.Orthophenolsulphonic add, a new anti-septic, 612.Orthophenylenediamine, action of cy-anogen on, 785.- detection of, in metaparatoluylene-diamine, 934. - dicyano-, 257.Orthophenylethyltbioearbimide, 256.Orthophosplioric aiiilide, 1134.Ortho-positions, two, identity af, in theOrthotoluic acid, brom-, 143.Orthotoluidine hydrochloride, descrip-tion and measurement of the spectrumof, TRANS., 739.Orthotoluisobutylthiocarbiiide, 153,154.Orthotolyl carbinol, 654.Ortho-xylene, action of bromine on, inpresence of aluminium, 163. - bromo-substit ution derivatives of,142.- description and measurement ofthe spectrum of, TRANS., 702.Ortho-xplenes, chloro-derivatives of, 972.Ortho-xylenesulphonarnide, 143.Ortho-xylenesulphonic acid, brom-, andOttrelith rocks of Ottr6 and Viel-Salm,Oxalamidoarnidobenzoic acid, 1225.Oxalamitlobenzoic acid, 1225.Oxalamidotrimet hglphenylammonium,Oxaldiamidopropionic acid, 760.Oxallyldiphenyldithiobiuret, 1106.Oxamide, 886.Oxidation and reduction, 631. - under the influence of microscopicorganism in the soil, 1151.Oxiniidosuccinic acid and some of itssalts, 1123.Oxyacanthine, detection of, 606.Oxyalkyl-group, displacement of theOxycamphor, so-called, of Kachler andOxycobaltiac salts, 1041.Oxyconice’ine and its derivatives, 563.Oxyconine and its derivatives, 563.Oxycoumarin, 899.hibited by, 807.dation of, 888.tiseptic power of, 1016.methylaniline, 784.an antiseptic, 1166.benzene nucleus, 972.its salts, 143.961.meta- and para-, 1220.N02-group h j , 657.Spitzer, 270.Oxygen, apparatus for demonstrating- density and atomic Folume of, 631.- estimabion of, in air, 592. - estimation of, in metals and alloys,- heat of combination of hydrogen- liquefaction of, 331, 859.- liquid, insulating properties of,-- - relation between the tempera-- new reagent for +he absorption of,- percentage of, in the air, 1091.Oxygenous salts, some non-saturated,constitution of, and the neaction ofphosphorus oxychloride with aulphitesand nitrites, TBANS., 205.the liquefuction of, 331.1167.with, 8.1099.ture and prewure of, 475.836.Oxyheemoglobin of the horse, 227.Oxyhydrocollidine, 747.Oxyisopropyldiphenyleneketoneearbo-xylic acid and its salts, 906.Oxymethylene, formation of, from ethylnitrate, 504.Oxyprotosulphonic acid, 824.Oxy pyridine, 81 1.- and its derivatives, 966.Oxyquinsldine, brom-, 274.Oxyquinoterpene, 10’75.Oxythiodiphenylimide, 260.Oxytriseleniocarbamide and its deriva-Ozokerite from New Jersey, 356.- af Galicia, 487.- process for bleaching, 101.--- valuRtion of, 1266.Ozone, spectrum of, and the presence of,tives, 376.in the atmosphere, 713.P.Palladium-hydrogen, co-operation ofwater in the slow oxidation of, 1105.Palm-nut meal, estimation of fat in,1164.Palm nuts, fat in, 290.Palmitic acid and the palmitins, 505.Yulmitins, 508.Pancreatic gland of the ox, new base in,Pandermite, colemanite, and priceite,Pansy, cultivated, salicylic acid in, 75.Papaveric acid and its derivatives,PapaTerine and its oxidation-products,- derivatires of, 996.566.identity of, 1117.1080.1080INDEX OF SUBJECTS.1373Paper, action of nitric acid on, TRAKS.,183. - weatherproof and incombustible,preparation of, 315.Parabenzylideneamidodimethylaniline,388.Parabuxiniiline, a fourth alkalo’id fromthe box tree, Buxus Jemyeroirens,177.Paracarracrotic aldehT.de, 162.Paracetamidobenzaldehydo, 662.Paracetamidobenzaldoxime, 662.Pararetarnidocinnamene, dinitro- andbromo-, 662.Paracresol, monochloro-, mono- and di-bromo-, and diiodo-, 146.Pamcresyl acetate, diiodo-, 146.- benzoate, dibromo- and diiodo-,- cinnamate, and the action of heat-- decomposition of, by heat,- fumarate, TRANS., 901.-- decomposition of, by heat,1064. - methyl ether, monochloro-, mono-bromo-, and moniodo-, 146.Paracymyl phenyl carbinol, 1065. -- ketone, reduction of, 1065.Paradilluoryl. ~ R O C . , 36.Paraethoxybenzoic anilide, 1224.Parethylphenylparethylimesatin, 256.Puraffin I~pdrocarbons, from Pennsyl-vania petroleum, critical temperaturesand specific voluures of, 859.146.on, 1064.TRANS., 898.- series, Perkin’s reaction in, 649.Paraffins, nitro-, constitution of, 364.-- some new, TRANS., 37.Parahemoglobin, 125 1. - so-called, 826.Parahydroxgbenzaldehyde, heat of solu-tion of, 1177.Parahy droxy benzaldiacetonamineoxalate, 503.Parah y droxybenzylideneamido-dimeth y laniline, 7 84.Parahydroxydipheaylamine, derivativesof, 155.Parahy droxyhydratropic acid, 529.Paraisobutoxydiphenylamine, 155.Paraleucotoluidine, 151.Paramethoxy be n zylideneamido-dimethylaniline, 784.Paramethoxycinnamic acid, 264.Paramethoxy phenoxycinnamic acid, 264.Yai*amethyIethjlbenzene, 769.Yaramethylisatoic acid and its deriva-tives, 666.Paramethylpseudoisatin, derivatives of,544.Parapicoline, 139.VOL.YLVIII.Parapropylorthotoluic acid, 1055.Parsyuinaniuo’il, 398.Pararosaniline, new synthesis of, 386.Pararosatoluidine, 15 1.Paratoluene disulphide, 1232.Paratoluic acid, dibromo-, and its salts,1054.Paratoluidine, description and measure-ment of the spectrum of, TRANS.,741.- metanitro-, deriratives of, 975.- oxidation of, 151. --- production of, from paracresol,Paratoluquinone, nitro- and amido-,Paratolylamidopanmethyloxindole andParnt~olyidimethylpyrroline, 555.Paratolyldimethj lpyrrolinedicarboxylicacid, 555.Paratolylparamethylimesatin, formationof, from dichlorctcetic acid and para-toluidine, 543.Partolylparamethylpseudoisatin, deriva-tives of, 544.a-Paratolylpropylene, 773.Paratolylsulphonacetic acid, 537.Paratoljlsulphonethyl-derivatires, 538.Paratolylsulphonethylamine-derivatives,538.Paratolylsulphonepropionic acid, pre-paration of the ethyl salts of, 537.Paratungstates, 1184.- action of tellurous and telluricacids on, 218.Paraxant hine, 403.Paraxylene, bromo-derivatives of, 519.- description and measurement of- dibromo-, solid, oxidation-products- in Galician petroleum, 1126.- monethylin, action of phosphoric- monobromo-, 251.-- boiling point of, 144.Paraxjlenes, dbitro-, constitution of,Paraxylenesulphonamide, bromo-, 144.Paraxylenesulphnnic acid, bromo-, 144.Paraxglenol, nitro3o-, and its deriva-Paraxylidine, chloro-, 1208.Paraxylylene bromide, action of fumingParaxplylglyoxjlic acid and its salts,Paraxylylhydroxyacetic acid, 1137.Parnsylyl phenyl ketone, 261.Paryueterie flooring, substitute for,147.400.its salts, 543.the spectrum of, TRANS., 707.of, 1053.choride on, 652.973.tives, 775.nitric acid on, 1208.1136.707.4.1374 INDEX OF STJBJECTS.Pasteurising apparatus for milk, C.Patchouli, stearopten from essence of,Patina, formation of, 308.Peat as litter, 429.- as manure, 428,1009. - compost aud Chili saltpetre, paral-lel experiments on, a0 manures forbeet, 429. - experiments on the nitrogen of, 188. - waste, manurial value of, 687.Peaty soils, nitrogenous, experimentsPectolite, analysis of, 491. - from Lehigh Co., Pa., 960.Peganum hainala seed, 821.Pegmatite containing large aryatals ofchlorophgllite, 34. - on the borders of VizQzy, nearMontbrison, 131.“ Peltier’s heat effect,” relation of, to theavailable energy of a galvanic element,856.Pentamethylanilins and its derivatives,1128.Pentamethylbenzenethiocarbamide,1129.Yentamethy lbenzenethiocarbimide, 1129.Pentamethylbenzisonitrile, 1129.Pentamethylbenzonitrile, 1129.Pentame thgldimethy laniline, 11 29.Pentamethylmethylaniline, 1129.Pentame thy 1 oxy quinizine, 818.Pentaniethylphenol and its methylPentylnialonic acid, normal, an isomericPepper, adulteration of, 303.-- with olive residues, 451.- powder, 701.Pepsin and trypsin, differences between,- estimation of, 279. - examination of urine for, 451. - ferment, 921. - malt, 822. - quantitative relationship of, toPepbones, separation of, from albumi-Peptonisation, studies on, 1252.Perezia fruticosa, pipitzalioic acid inPerezinone and its salts, 778.Perezone and ite derivatives, 7’77.Perezonoxime, 77’7.Periodic law, 344.-- and the occurrence of thePerkin’s reaction in the paraffin series,Thiel’s, 105.394.with, 929.ether, 1129.suberic acid, 757.408.peptones, 1147.nous substances, 573.the roots of, 396.elements in nature, 13.649.Perkin’s reaction of tbe paraffin seyies,Persulphocyanogen, preparation of, byPeruvian balsam, testing, 602.Petroleum, adulteration of, by means of- American, distillation of, 708. - Galician, paraxylene in, 1126. - lamps, investigation of, 452.- products of the manufacture of gas.I_ residues, recovery of paraan andPhaeochlorophyll, a-, /3-, and y- (A., B.,Phenaceturic acid in the urine of horsm,Phenacite from Colorado, 878.Phenanthraquinol, a-diamido-, and itsderivatives, 1240. - hydrochloride, paramido- ant1paradiamido-, 1068.Plienanthraquinone and acetone, actionof potash on a mixture of, TRANS., 13,17.- amido-. 1067.- a-diatnido-, 1240.Phenanthrenenaphthoquinoxaline, 1239.Plienanthroline, new method of pre-Phenanthrolinecarboxylic acid, 393.Phencaprylamine and its derivatives,Pheneto’il, metamido- and metadiazo-,- ortho- and para-amido-, action of- azo-13-naphtholsulphonic wid,Phenoctylamine and its derivatives, 523.Phenol, ttctlon of diazoparanitrobenzeile- bromoxytribromo-, 658. - detection of, in creaaote, 1013. - dibromonitro- and dibromamido-,- ethers, action of phenyl cyanate on,- oxidation of, by nitrobenzene,- perchloro-, from perchlorobenzene,- titration of, with bromine, 1266. - trichloro-, and its derivatives, 889.- trinitro-, a, 1235.Phenolazobenzene-azophenol, TRANS.,Phenolphthale’in as an indicator, 835,Phenols, action of hydrogen peroxideremarks on, 663.electrolysis, 107.solar oil, 599.from, PROC., 77.heavy oils from, 463.and C. phyllocyanin), 670.413.paricg, 393.524.and its derivatives, 1212.cyanogen chloride on, 147.meta-, 1212.on, TRANS., 658.266.1224.1060.519.659.931.on, 658INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 1375Phenols, action of phenyl cyanate on,- amido-, action of quinones on,- as reagents for carbohydrates, 694. - bromamido-, and some of their- bromonitro-, and their amido-de-- carbonates of, 254. - colouring matters from, 525. - commercial, anelysis of, 447. - compounds of, with ethyl aceto-- conversion of, into amines, 147.- mo~ionit~ro-, qreparation of, fromtheir primary anunes, 973. - nitro-, brominated, benzyl ethersof, and their behaviour an redudim,1209.1224.257.derivatives, 1211.rivatives, 774.acetate, 56.- nitroso-, 775, 1238. - of high boiling point contained incoal-tar, 667.- phosphates of, and xeactbm of,1054,1055. - polyhydric and certain mono-hydric, action of phenyl cyanate on,TRAhS., 770. - polyhydric, heat of neutralisationof, 628. - silicates of, 1056.p trichloronitro-, trichloramido-, tri-bromonitro-, and tribromazuido-, 889.Phenolsulphonic acid, dinitro-, prepara-tion of, 269.Phenoxybromacrylic mid and i t s salts,532.Phenoxybromomalei’c acid, 532.Phenox y diphenylbenzylphosphoniumPhenoxydipheny lmethylphosphoniumPhenoxydiphenglphosphine and some of- oxide, 1214.Phenoxymucobromic acid and its de-rivatives, 531.Phenoxynicotic acid, 175.Phenoxyilicotinic acid, and the action ofhydrochloric acid on it, TRANS., 153.Phenylallophanate, ethyl, 1196.Phenyl benzoate, orthonitro-, reductionof, 658.- cinnamate, TRANS., 901. -- and the action of heat on it,-- decomposition of, by heat,- cyanate, action of benzene and its-- actioii of. on phenols andchloride, 12 15.iodide, 1215.its derivatives, 1214.1064.TRANS., 898.homologues on, 773.phenol ethers, 1224.Phenyl cyanate, action of, on pols-hjdric and certain monohydric alco-hols and phenols, TRANS., 770. -- cowpounds of polyhydricalcohols with, 774. -- conversion of, into phenylcyanurate, 774.-- derivatives of, 656.-- liydrouhloride of, 888. - cyanurate, conversion of phenyl- diphenplphosphinate, 121 4..- disulphide, paranitro-, 519. - ethyl oxide, bromometanitro-, andmono-, di-, and tri-bromometamido-,775.cyanate into, 574.- f umarate, TRANS., 900.-- decomposition of, by heiit,1064.- isocyanate, action of, on amido-compounds, 260, 979. -- action of, on formyl- andthioformyl-derivatives of aniline andits homologues, TRANS., 770. - isoduryl carbinol benzoate andacetate, 253. - mercaptan, dinitro-, ethers of, 519.-- paranitro-, 519.I_ meta- and ortho-nitrobenzoate,- metmitrobenzoate, trichloro-, 890. - phenTlcarbamate, 656. - phenylthiocarbamate, TRANS., 778. - salicglate, and the action of sodium- salts, action of sodium mercaptide- succinate, decomposition of, by- thiobenzoate, a-dinitro-, 519.Phenylacetic acid and hydrocinnamicacids, melting point and separation ofmixtures of, 602.Phenylacetorthocarboxylic acid, it0 salts,and the anhydride, 532.Phenylacetorthocarboxylic acid, Wisli-cenus’, 798.Phenylacet osuccinic acid, phenylhydra-zine-derivatives of, 793.Phenylacetoxy~ridine, 801.Phenylacetosypivalic acid and anl-iy-Phenylscetylacetone, 1237.Phenylacet!-lcarbamide, 260.Phenylacritline, ainido- and hydroxy-Pheny lally lideneamidodimethyl~niline,Phenglamidoacetic acid, nitro- andPlieny l-S-amidocrotonlc acid, a-bromo-,trichloronitro-, 890.mercaptide on it, 1057.on, 1057.heat, 1065, TRANS., 899.dride, 663.derivatives of, 800.785%.sulpho-derivatives of, 899.273.4 2 3 376 INDEX OFPhenylaniidopropionic acid, formationof, by the decomposition of albumin,581.Pherrylamine, diorthoparadinitro-, 150.Phenylangelic acid, formation of, 662.Phenylaspartic phenylimide, 796.Phenylazoacetoacetic acid, orthonitro-,and its derivatives, 157.Phenylazoacetone, orthonitro-, 157.Phen y la zocarvaarol, 11 32.Phenylazothymol, 894.- constitution of, 1131.Phenylbenzene sulphazide, 798.Pheqlbenzoglycoeyamidine, 1227.- imido-, 1225.Phenylbenzogly cocyamidinecarboxylicPhenylbenzoic acids, dibromo-, TRANS.,Pheny lbenzoylcarbamide, prapara tion of,Phenylbenzyl ethers, bromonitro-, 1209.Phenylbetai’neamide chloride, 160.Phenylbromacetic acid, action of, onPhenylcinnamylacrylic acid, 1137.Phenylcomenamic acid, 1203.Phenylcoumarin, crystallography of,901.Phenylcoumarinsdphonic acids andtheir salts, 539.Phenylcrotonic acids, action of sulphu-ric acid on, 528.Phenylcyanamide, action of acetamideon, 387.Phenylcyste’ilie, bromo-, action of aceticanhydride on, 514.Phenjldiazothymol, 894.Phenyldimethylpyridazine, 995.PhenyldimethylpjridazinedicarboxylicP henyldimethylpyrrolinedicarboxylicPlienyldimethyltetrahydronaphthalene,Phenyldinitropropionic acid, 1229.Phenylenedinmines and phenyl cyanatc,mono-additive products of, 978.P h enyleneparamidobenzoylurethane,150.Phenylenemccinamic acid, meta-, 1220.Phexiylethenylamidoxixne and its de-Phenylethenylnzoximebenzen~l, 897.Phenylethenylazoximepropenylcarboxy-Phenylethenylazoximethenyl, 898.Yhenglethenylphenyluramidoxime, 898.- ethyl ether, 1218.Phenylethoxydibromonitroethane, meta-Phenylgalactosazone, 54.acid, 1227.589.260.ethyl acetate, 793.acid, 555.acid, 555.528.rivatives, 897, 1218.lic acid, 1218.nitro-, 1138.SUBJECTS.Phenylglucosazone, 53.Phenylglycocineeulphonic acid, 1235.Phenylglycuronic acid, 288.Phenplglyoxylic acid, condensation-pro-Phenylhydrazidoacetic acid, 535.Plienylhpdrazidophenylacetic acid, 534.Phenylhydrazinc, action of ethyl aceto-- action of ethjl benzoylacetoacetate- aation of ethyl diacetosuccinate on,- action of ethyl para- and ortho-- action of, on benzoylacetocar-- action of, on benzoylacetone and- action of, on phthalic anhydride,- action of, on sulphinic acids, 798.- amido-, and its hydrochloride, ’789.- benzeneeulphinate, 798. - benzoyl-derivatives of, 1060. - compounds of glucoses and su-- derivatives of certain glucosides,- effects of, on the organism, 574.Phen ylhy drazine-P- benzoylpropio-ortho-P heny 1 hy drazineglyoxy lic acid, 535.Phenylhydrazinemesoxdic acid, 535.Phenylhydrazinephenylgljoxylic acid,Phenylhydrazinesulphonic acid, 1216.Phenylhydroquinoline, metanitro- andmetaruido-, 1145.Phenylhydroxjauetamidine hydrochlo-ride, 982.Phen-jdhydrox-yacetimido ether and itshydrochloride, 983.Phenylhydroxyet~henylamidoxime andits derivatives, 898, 1218.Phenylhydroxypivalic acid and its de-rivatives, 663.Phenylisobutyroxypivalic acid and an-hydride, 663.Phenylisodurylglycollic acid, 253.p-Phenyllactic acid, formation of, fromethyl benzoylacetate, TRANS., 254.Phenpllactic aldehyde, metanitro-, $92./I-Phenyllactic aldehyde, paranitro-,compound of, with aldehyde, 527.Phenyllactoeazone, 54.Phenyllutidinecarboxylic acid and itsPhenylmaltosazone, 54.Phenplmercaptan - benzoylformic acid,and the action of hydrogen chlorideon, 750.ancts of, 758.benzalacetate on, 810.on, 555.995.nitrohenzoylaeetate on, 1247.boxylic acid, 797.its nitro-derivative, 1237.1221.croses with, 53.1072.carboxylie acid, 797.534.derivatives, 397INDEX OF SUBJECTS.1377Phenylmetltacrylic acid, formation of,662. -- preparation of, and the actionof sulpliuric acid on, 528.Phenylmethylfurfurane, 248.- tetrabromide, bromo-, 249.Plienylrnethylfurfuranecarboxylic acid,l’henylmethylglycocine hydrochloride,Phenylmethylglycocineamide. rand itsPhenylmethylhydantoic acid, 261.~’henglmethylliydroxypgriruidine, deri-vatives of, 751.l’henylmethylortho- and para-tolylthio-carbaniide, mbion of aniline on, 383.YheuSlmet~i~lpyrroline, sgnt,hesis of,516.l’henylmeth~ltetramethylene oxide, 250.Phei~ylmethyltetriphenol, 248.Ph en y 1 In eth y lthiophen , of,Yhenylnitroethylene and its derirativss,Phenylnitropropionic acid, paranitro-,l’henylnitropropylene and its deriva-I’henylparabanic acid. 11 96.Phenylparaconic acids. nitro-, 1224.Phenylparawide, 12.20.Phenplparatolylamine, 147.Phenylparatolylsulphone, 5%.l’lienylpicoline, pseudostjril of, meBhyLPhenylpropionic acids, ortho-, meta- andP henylprop iony lcarbamide, 260.a-Phenylpropplene, 772.Phenylquinaldine; and its derivatives,Phenylquinaldyl ketone, 12361Phenglduinolinamine and its salts,Phenylquinoline, mehnitro- and meta-Pheiiylsulphonacetates, properties of,Phenylsulphonepropionic acid, prepara-PhenylsulphonetGyl alcohol and itsPhenylsulphonethyl sulphate and chlo-l’henpltaurine, preparation of, TRANS.,- anilide and its hydrochloride,Yhenyltaurocyamine, formation of,Yhenyltribromomethane, PROC., 131.249.160.hydrochloride, 160.synthesis516.160.derivatives of, 1137.tives, 161.ated, 398.para-, chloro-, and iodo-, 661, 662.1236.990.mido-, 1144.986.tion of the ethyl salts of, 537.derivatives, 262.ride, 262, 263.369.786.TRANS., 373.Phenyliiramidobenzoic acid, 260.Plienylurethane, orthoparadinitro- andorthamidoparanitro-, 150.- parabenzoylamido-, 150. - paranitro- and paramido-, andPhenylvalerolacetocarboxylic acid andPhloret,ic acid, artificial formation of,Ptdorogluoinol as an antiseptic, 454. - chlorination of, TRANS., 423. - tribromo- and trinitro-, 55&.- trichloro-, TI~ANS., 423.Phloroneoxime, and its derivatives,775.Phosphate, manufacture of, from basicslags, according to Scheibler’s method,615. - precipitated, man uring experimentswith, 429. - “ redonda,” treatment of, 1018.Phosphates, 872.- agricultural, estimation of phos-- distribution of, in Bohemia, 877.- methods for obtaining, 454. - of the aromatic series, and reac-tions of, 1034, 1055. - soluble and insoluble, action of,86.Phosphatic deposits of the south-eastof France, 127.Phosphoric acid, action of rarious formsof, in the soil, 1009. -- and reverted, estimation of,837. - - and reverted phosphoric acid,estimation of, in dicalciuin phosphate,688.their derivativee, 149.its salts, 793.529.phoric acid in, 1093.- - crystallisation of, 347, 482. -- elimination of, in the urine ininsanity and epilepsy, 73. -- estimation of, in agriculturalphosphates, 1093. -- estimation of, in commercialproducts, 931. -- estimation of, in manures;methods adopted for 1885, by theAssociation of Official AgriculturalChemists, 437.-- in the soil, 588. -- new method for estimating, inmanures, 436. -- quick method for the estima-tion of, in fertilisers, TRANS., 185. -- reverted, estimation of, bythe oxal tte method, 838. -- reversion of, by heat, 615. -- saturation of, by based, 3 48. - - soluble in the soil, estimationof, 4391378 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.Phosphoric acid, volumetric estimationPhosphorites in the south-west ofPhosphorous anhydride, crystalline, 121.Phosphorsellinic acid and its derivatives,Phosphorus anilide, 255. - atomic weight of, 348. - chloronitride, and its action on- estimation of, in iron and steel,- in the blast furnace, 616. - ordinary, estimation of carbon in,482..__ oxycbloride, reaction of, withsulphites and nitritetl, TRANS., 205.- ox;gfluoride, 15.-- poisoning, formation a d migrationof fat in, 1002.- trifluoridc, 15.-- action of the induction spark-- combination of bromine with,-- preparation of, 482. -- thermocheniistry of, 328. - valency of, 1182.Photographs, transferring, on to porce-lain or wood, 612.Photography, orthochroma tic, 936.Photometer, diffusion, 320. - pupil, 320.Photometry, 1260.Yhthalamidobenzoic acid, 534.Phthalates, heats of formation of 1104,.Phthale’ins, new class of compoundsPhthalic acid, amidobenzoic acid deri--- and anhydride, tetrachloro-,-- monobromo-, TRANS., 591. - acids, brominated, 162. -- bromo-, TRANS., 511. -- conversion of the three amido-benzoic acids into, 981.- anhydride, action of, o n benzylcyanide, 902. -- action of phenylhydrazine on,1221.-- dibromo- and tetrabromo-,163, 164. - - reduction of, by zinc andglacial acetic acid, 57.Phthalic sulphinide, 539.Phthalidcarboxylic acid, 533.Yhtbalide, action of potassium cyanide- reduction of, 165.Yhtbalid~methylene, 165.of, 438.France, origin of, 30.795.certain organic compounds, 15.597, 1160.on, 215.955.analogous to, 539.vatives of, 533.preparation of 1274.on, 532.Phthalidine and its nitroso-derivative,Phthalidoisopropyl, 268.Phthalido-P-propionic acid and it5 salts,Phthalimide, reduction of, 165.Phthdimidine, 979.Phthalimidylacetic acid, 159, 1228.Phthalimidylbenzyl and its nitro-derira-PI1 thalometliimidylacetic acid, 1228.Phthalotoluide, ortho-, meta-, and para-,Phthalylacetamide, 1228.- so-called, 159.Phthalylacetic acid, 165. - -- action of niethylamine anclethylamine on, 1628.- -- constitution of, 164.Phthalylaspartic acid and its deriva-Phthalyl-derivatives, 165, 797.Phthalyldiphenylaminasparte‘in, 797.Phthalyldiphenylasparagines, two iso-Phthalylisopropylidene, 268.Phyllocyanin, 670, 1241.Yhylloxanthin, 1241.Phglloxeril, carbon bisulphide in aqueoussolution as a remedy for, ’17.Physiological function, relation betweenatomic weight ancl, 1150.Phytopliagous larvae and their p u p ,essential naturc of the colouring of,1253.166.267.tire, 903.155.tives, 796.meric, 797.Phrtosterin, occurrence of, 291.a- Picoline, beliayiour of, with metltllic.Picoline, commercial, 557.-- description and measurement ofP-.Picohne hexahydride, 812.Y~coli~letricarboxylic acid, 440. -- a i d its salts, 62.Picrates, heats of formation, hydration,and dissolution of, 1103.Pierrrcroc.in from saffron, 60.Picro-epidote, 32.Picrotoxin, forensic chemical detectionof, in animal liquids and tissues,449.Pig-iron, dephosphorising or desulphur-king, 1271.Pigs’ urine, chemical composition of,413.Pile, new, or auto-accumulator, 854.Pilocarpine, action of chlorine and iodine- alkj.1-derivatives of, 1250. - ethiodide, and moniodo-, 1250. - ethobromide, 1250.Pimaric and sTlric acids, 1241.salts, 671.the spectrum of, TRANS., 719.on, 1081INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 1379Pimelic acid, a new isomerirle of, 44. -- from hy drocheli donic acid,48.-- occurrence of, amongst theoxidation-products of castor-oil, 44.Pinite from Madison Co., N. Carolina,analysis of, 130.Pinnoite, a new borate from Stassfurt,1117.Pipecoline and its derkatives, 812.Piperhydronic acid, dibromo-, and de-Piperidine bases, synthetical, 992. - description and measurement ofthe spectrum of, TRANS., 731. - oxidation of, 176.Piperidylphenylcarban~ide, 384.Piperidylthiocarbamides, 384.Piperohydrolactone, 664.Piperoketonic acid, 664.Piperony lideneamidodimethylaniline,Piperopropionic acid, bromo-, 665.Pipitzahoic acid, 396, 805. - - and its derivatives, ’776,Pitchblende, products of the alterationPlant constituents, allantoin, asparagine,hypoxanthinc, and guanine as, 1007. - growkh, influence of moisture insoils on, 421.- sap, estimation of the combinedacids in, 1014.Plants, acquisition of atmospheric nitro-gen by, 1005. - chemical phenomena of the respira-tion of, 420. - cultivated, nitrogen necessary for,75. - effects of running water on, 419.-evaporative surfaces of, and in-fluence of moisture in soils on plantgrowth, 481.-existence of manganese in, 421,832. - formation of free hydrochloricacid in, 683. - formation of nitrates in, 581. - green, formation of albumin in,- growiiig, influence of, on the under-- living, carbonates in, 1086. - oxalic acid in, 1164. - respiration of, 832. - theory of the circulation of sap in,Plaster, method of hardening, 707.Platinum and arsenic, compounds of,- atomic weight of, 355.rivatives of, 664.784.777.of, 222.289.growth, 77.927.728.Platinum, bromine-derivatives of, 355.- carbides formed at comparativelylow temperatures, 487.- electrolytic estimation of, 191. - hydroxyarsenide, 728. - production of, in Russia, 942.Pleochroic crystals, explanation of thePoisoning, detection of strychnine andPoisons, various, influewe of tempera-Polarisation, influence of lead precipi-Polarising operations, disturbing pheno-Polpcetylene compounds, 759, 1198.Pomegranate, medicinal properties ofPorcelain, moulding of, 307.Porous bodies, density of, 334.Porpoise, composition of the milk of,Portland cement, and its adulteration,Potash-soda-felspars of Silesia, 31.Potash, soluble, estimation of, in BO&,1262.Potassio-antimonic oxalate, a substitutefor tartar emetic, 464.Potassium, benzene-derivatives obtainedby the actiou of carbonic oxide on,1127.- bicarbonate, sensitive test for, inpresence of carbonates, 1111. - bromide, presence of chlorine in,723. -- and iodide, compounds ofarsenious anhydride with, 723.- carbonate, pure, action of silvernitrate on, 1111, - chlorate crystals, crystalline re-flection in, 1675. -- decomposition by heat, PROC.,105..__- physio!ogical action of, 1002. - -. preparation of, 17. - chloride, action of carbonic anhy-dride on, in presence of variousamines, 1038. -- crude, estimation of smallquantities of sodium chloride in,1263.colour phenomena of, 621.other alkaloiids in cases of, 605.ture on the action of, 578.tate on, 694.menon observed in, 321.the root bark of, 850.1253.61 6.-- use of, in agriculture, 588.- chromo- and chromi-cyanide, 737,- cyanate, action of ethyl chloro-- cyanide, action of acidR on, 1120. - - decomposition of, 495. - dichromate as an antiseptic, 704.-- nianufacture of, 846.738.carbonate on, 9681380 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.Potassium fwricjanide, action of light- fluochromate, effect of heat on,- hydrogen carbonate, conversion of- iodide, titration of, 1011. - magnesium sulphate, preparation- mangano- and mangani-cyanide,I_ nitrite, action of, on blood, 682._I permanganate, action of, on a-- - action of, on sodium thio--- estimation of, by means of-- solutions, titrations with, 598.-- standardising solutions of,- salts, action of ammonia on solu-- stannite, action of nitric oxide on,- sulphate, heat of dissolution of,- -- preparation of, 1268.- volumetric estimation of, 1262.Potato crop, influence of the position of- spirit, frothy fermentation in thePotatoes, changes in the albuminoFds in,- cultivation of, 587. - digestibility of, with hay and oats- effects of fresh stable manure on,- frozen, ensilage of, 1@4. - mttnuring, with potash salts, 833.-- potash manures for, 83. - protection of, against disease,- seed, desiccation of, 1155.Praseodymium, 11 13.Pressure, boiling point and, 1176.Priceite, colemanite, and pandermite,Printing, uBe of antimony oxalate in,Prisms, use of carbon bisulphidc in, 853.Prochlorite from Columbia, analysis of,Propane, illuminating power ol) TRANS.,- preparation of, TRANS., 238.Yropargylenetetracarboxylic acid andits ethyl salt, synthesis of, 1125.Propargylic acid, iodo-, and some of itssalts, 1198.on, 1173.1114.potassium chloride into, 1038.of, 98.737.manganous salt, 1265.sulphate, 957.hydrogen peroxide, 1162.1013.tions of, 1038.TRANS., 362.TRANS., 98.the set on, 586.manufacture of, 1168.when heated under pressure, 618.by the horse, 72.189.1154.identity of, 1117.1276.492.235.Propinediphthaljl, 268.Propionamide, /3-iodo-, 372.Propionanilide, orthonitro-, 524.Propionic acid, action of heat and wateron the halogen-derivatives of, 506.-- and some of its derivatives,963. -- P-bromotetrachloro-, 508.-- /3-dibromo-dichloro-, and its-- haloiid substitution-deriva-Propionitrile hydrochloride, constitu-Propionylphenol-derivatives, 891.Propenylamidoxime, 240.Propenylglycollic acid, 242.Yropenylphenylamidine, 963.Yropenylpheiiylenediamiiie, action ofPropyl iodoacetate, 372.Propylbenzene, normal, formation of,Propyl diallyl carbinol, 237.Propjlene chlorhydrin, action of zincethide on the benzoate of, TRANS.,134. -- constitution and oxidation of,TRANS., 132, 133. - ethylphenylketate, action of hy-driodic and sulphuric acids on,TRANS., 137. - -- preparation and oxidation of,TRANS., 135, 136. - glycol, prgpttration of, TRANS.,132. - oxide, oxidation of, by silveroxide, 1044.Propglenedisulphonic acid and it.s s a h ,970.Propyleneoxycarboxylic acid, 650.Propyl phenyl ketone, w-bromo-, TRANS.,Protagon, 920.Prote’ids, decomposition of, by fermen-tation, and formation of non-hy-droxylated aromatic acids, 998.- estimation of sulphur in, 914,931. - of cow’s milk, 1000. - of serum, 571.ProteoIytic action, influence of bile,bile salts, and bile acids on, 999.Protocatechuic acid, heat of solution of,1177.Protoplasm, different degrees of resist-ance in, 82’7.Prout’s hypothesis of the atomicweights, TRANS., 434.Pseudaconitic acid, synthesis of, 1125.Pseudobenzopyrroline, 379.Pseudo-breccia, 360.salts, 507.tives of, 372.tion of, 963.broni ne on, 524.972.842IKDEX OF SUBJXCTS, 1381Pseudobutglene chloride, 645.Pseudocinnamglpyrroline and its deri-Pseuclocumene, derivakives of, 893.- nitro-, 1 : 3 : 4 : 5, and its deriva-- presence of, in different mineralPseudocumenol, 1 : 3 : 4 : 5, 771.- derivatives of, 380.-Pseudocumidine, 522. - 1 : 3 : 4 : 5, and its derivatives, 771. - constitution of, 154. - derivatives of, 893.Pseudocumyl nitrate, metanitro , 380.Pseudocumylenediamine, 772.Pseudocumylhydrazine, 523.Pseudodiazoacetamide, 883.Pseudohydroxybutyric acid (a newPseudolutidostyril and its derivatives,Pseudomorpha, 221. - after rutile, 28.Pseudopyroterebic aeid, 964.Pseudo-solution and true solution,. con-PPseudos tyril of pheuylpicoline, methgl-Psittacinite from the Aqentine Re-Ptoma’ines (leucomaihes), 676, 913. - formation of, in cholera, 404.- from fish, 566, 1146. - from human corpses, 278. - genesis of, 278. - in boiled meat, 676. - physiological action of, 682.Pupil photometer, 320.Purple of Cassius, 875. -- preparation of, 352.Purree or Inchan yellow, 620.Pyridine bases, syilthetical, 992. -- sjnthetically prepared, car-- behaviour of, with metallic salts,- chloro- and iodo-, 966. - derivatives, decomposition products-- derived from coumalinic acid,constitution of, 558. -- formation of, 174, 175. -- formation of, from malic add,TRANS., 145. -- from brucine, constitution of,273.-.__ syntheses of, from ethylacetoacetate, aldehydes and ammonia,12 h4.-- - synthetical, constitutiou of,1078.vatives, 378.tives, 771.oils, 1209.lmorotatori substance), 284.397.nection between, 115.ated, 398.public, 841.boxylic acids from, 60.671.of, 397.Pyridine, desc~iption and measurementof the spectrum of, TRAKS., 711.- methiodides and ethiodides, de-composition of, by the action ofalkalis, 272. - methochlorides of, 813. - monobromo-, 811.Ppric tinecarboxylic acid, and dichloro-,u-y- Pyridinecarboxylic acid and its salts,Ppidinedicarboxylio acid, 558, 813.Pyridinetetracarboxjlic acid, 63, N O .Pyridinetricarboxylic acid, 1144.p-PTridinetricanboxylic acid and itsPyridoii and its derivatives, 966.Pyrimidines, 751.Pyrites burners, composition of the gasfrom, 199, 706. - burnt zinctiferous, utilisation of,98. - explosive, so-called cause of thedecrepitations in samples of, T R ~ K S . ,593.Pyroeatechin phenyl’carbamate, TRANS.,772.Pyrocinchonic acid f r m a-dichloropro-pionic aeid, 753.Pyrocomane, 49, 965.Pyrogallol, action of, on copper and iran- phenylcarbamate, TRANS., 774.Pyrolusite, estimation of, by means ofPyromecenic acid, chloro-, 1203.Pjromucic acid, monobromo- and di-bromo-, 244, 1125.-- nitro-, 971.Pj ropapaveric acid, 1081.Pyrophyllite of Our0 Preto, Brazil,Pyrosulphates, 216.Pyrosulphuric acid, action of, on certainmetals, TKAKS., 636.Pyrot’artaramide, 886.Pyrotartaric acid, formation of, 753.Pyrotartaronitrile, 646.Pyrotritartaric acid, and a ketone ob-tained from it, 249.Pyroxene, paramorphosis of, to horn-blende in rocks, 492. - relation between the optical pro-perties and chemical composition of,229.Pyroxene-andesites from the Dutch In-dian Archipelago, 1120.Pyroxylin, rotatory power of, 237.Pyrrolylene, 1243.Pyrrolidine, 1243.Pyrroline, action of carbonyl chlorideon the potassium-derivative of, 809.139.816.salts, 812.salts, 1059.hydrogen peroxide, 1162.311382 ISDEX OF SUBJECTS.Pyrroline, action of lial;,gens on, in pre-_I action of hydroxylamine on, 246.- action of organic anhydrides on,- bases derived from, 1242. - derivatives, formation of, fromacetophenoneacetone, 753. -- synthesis of, 516, 1205. - dinitro-, 993.- dipseudaceto-, 378. - from coal-gas, 369. - f urf ury 1 and thioph en groupings ,reciprocal transformation of, 1144. - pseudaceto-, derivatives of, 378.Pyrroline a-carbouylic acid and its de-Pyrrolinephthalide, 379.Pyrrone, 809.Pyrroyl-pyrroline, 1143.Pyrrplene dimethjl diketone, 808.--- and the action of nitric-- ketone, 3’78. - phenyl ketone, 379.Pyrryl methyl kettme, action of nitricPjrrylmethylketonesulphonic acid, 810.Pyruvic acid, condensation-products of,-- - derivatives of, 513.l’gruoine, Schlagdenhauffen’s, 1201.sence of caustic alkalis, 10’77.378.rivatives, 246.acid on, 993.acid on, 810, 992.758.Q*Qitnntitative analysis by electrolysis,Quartz, blue, froni Nelson Co., Virginia,Quartzite, sand and kaolin from, 360.Quasside, 907.Quassin and its derivatives, 907.Quebracho wood, red, and anslysis of,Quercitrin in Virginia creeper (CisszuQuinaldine, preparation of, 106.Quinaldinemposulphonic acids, pre-Quinic acid, heat of dissolution of, 1178Quinidine chloride, 910.Quinine, action of lime on, 126’7.-- alkaloi’ds, estimation of, 845.7 bromine as a test for, 96.- estimation of, in mixtures o- test for non-oxylic salts, TRANS.- sulphate, commercial, assnp of, 302190.129.945.pinquefolia), 1255.paration of, 945.quinine-alkalo’id s, 935.210.Quinol from the hydrocarbon C16FT,3,7- paradichbroparadibromo-, and its- substances formed by the fusion of,Quinolepidine, synthe& of, 1246.Quinoline, action of ethyl chlorocar-- action of halogens on the halogen- action of phosgene gas on, 672. - ammonium bases derived from,- base, CllHllN and its derivatives,-- bases, methochlorides of, 813. - coal-tar, method of recognising,- constitution of, 2’73._I_ description and measurement of- dichloro-, 672.- dyes, 400. - honiologue of, 6’72. - iodides, 814. - iodo- and chloro-, and their deriva-tires, 989. - methylchloride, metachloro-, me-thy lform ylorthamidochlorobenzoicacid, a d methjlpseudochlorisatinfrom, 792.from styrolene alcohol, 269.diacetyl-derivative. 1210.with soda, 520.bonate on, 140.alkyl-derivatives of, 908.814.1546.17s.the spectrum of, TE~ANS., 722.- methyl-picrate, 672.- nitro- and amido-derivatives of,- series, methochlorides of, 6’72.908.Q uinoliii e -ammonium bases, 558.Quinolinebenzylbeta‘ine, 561.B-Quinolinecarboxylic acid, 1079.Quinolinecarboxylic acid and its deriva-Quinolinedisulphonic acid, preparationQuinolineparasulphonic acid derivatives,Quinolines, action of iodine chloride on,Quinols, chl Irinated, aniline-derivativesQuinone, paradichloroparadibromo-,Quinones, action of, on amidophenols,- action of the smines on, 78’7.- chlorinated, aniline- and nitrani-- chloronitro- and bromonitro-, 891. - formation of, from paramethj 1-- preparation of, 390.Quinoxalines, 909.tives, 560.of, 945.561.672.of, lU65.1210.257.line-derivatives of, 1065.amines, 802INDEX O F SUEJECTS. 1383R.Racemic acid from fumaric acid, 243.Radiant heat, absorption of, by carbo-nic anh*ydride, 626.Radiation, method of measuring thechemical effect of, 319.Radicles, nitrogenous, method for intro-ducing, into ethyl malonate and aceto-acetate, 513.Raffinose, 1046.- (melitcsef) from molasses, 368.- separation of, from the molasses ofXniri, effect of, on the quality of hay,Rainfall, variations in, 4-25.Rape cake, adulteration of, 425.- oil, examination of, 4i6.Rare earths, action of hydrogen per--- fluorescence of.1174. -- methods and operations forReactions dependent on position, 1209.Xealgar from Bosnia, 730.“ Red spots ” in light rose dve, 108.“ Redonda ” phosphate, tieatment of,Reduction, oxidation and, 631.- under the in0uence of microscopicorganisms in the soil, 1151.Refraction of liquefied gases, indices of,467.Ref ractire indices of crystallised alums,109.- power of chemical compounds,949.lation beta een, 1097.beetroot sugar, 962.1154.oxide on, 633.extracting, 350.1018.PI_ .and chemical constitution, re-Regittnin and juglone, identity of, 1142.Rrrntjia purdieana, alkalo‘ids from thebark of, 64.Report to the Chemical Department ofthe Highland and Agricultural 80-ciety, 1257.Resin, red, from Dracma cinnahnri, 808.Resorcinol, action of diazoparunitroben -zene on, TEAM., 660.- -blue, a new, 386.I_ fluorescent, 526.__ mixed ethers of, 382.- phenylcarbamate, TRANS., 771. - Weselsky’e, reduction of, 526.Hesorcinolazoben zene-azoi*esorcinol,Respiration, effects of alkalis and acids- in compressed air, 677.Respiratory changes, influence of varia-tions in the percentage compositionof air on the intensity of, 407.TRANS., 661.on, 25’9.Retene, 905.- coiistitution of, 1070.- derivati~es of, 549.Retenefluorene, 905.Reteneketone, distillation of, with zinc-Retenequinone and its bromine-deriw-- oxidation of, 1070.Retistenediphenic acid, 550.Retistenequinhydrone, 549.Retistenequinol, 549.Retistenequinoxaline, 549.Retidenequinoxime, 549.Rhodnnic acid and its derivatives, 40.Rliodium compouiids, new, 11 16.- salt, new, 355.Rhodizonic acid, hexadroxgbenzene-de-rivatives and their relation to, 779.Rhubarb, English, 588.Rock crystal, thermo- and actino-elec-tricitg of, 1187.Roman coins, accidental formation o€cerusite crjstals on, 224.Roots, deviation of, from the normalvarieties of growth (aerotropism),1153.dust, 905.tives, 905.- various, feeding value of, 1259.Rosaniliue dye, yellow, preparation of,- formation of, by the nitrobenzeneRoseocobalt salts.7%.Rosins and fats, quantitatire estimationRotat ions, 185.Ruminants, physiological effect of leadRutile from Tmfeld, measurements of- from PI’. Carolina, 878. - in the Greilenstein granite, 1185. - pseudomorphs after, 28.310.process, 1130.of, 603.on, 74.crystals of, 1186.S.Saccharimeter, Trannin’s new, 694.Saccharin, reactions of, 962.Saccharomyces, swondary forms of,TEAKS., foot-note, 566.Saccharose, detection of, in wine, 693.- estimation of, in condensed milk,44!3. - influence of temperature and con-centrat,ion of hydrochloric acid on therate of inrersion of, 41.Saccharoranillic acid, 980.Saffron, substances contained in, 53.Saff ron-bitter, 601384 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.Salicyl phenglcarbamate, methyl-deriva-Sa 1 I cylaldehy de, condensation of, wilth- coaden~akion-products of the de-- heat of dissolution af, 1177.Salicylglycidic acid, 899.Salicylic acid, action! of diazoparanitro--- action of phosphoric chloride-- derivatives of, 265.-- in the culthated pansy, 75.-- Kolbe’R Rynthesis of, 982. -- preparation of, 162, 709.salts of, 1139.Sdicyllactic acid, 899.Salicyloxyacetic acid and its salts, 388.Saligenin, new synthesis of, 53.Sdigenol, heat of solution of, 1177’.Saline solutions, boiling, points of, 331. -- - constan6s of capillarity of,-- heat of dilution and specific-- molecular voiume of, 334. -- physical constants of, 12.Salt, a, displaceinent of, from its solu-tion by another salt (lecture experi-ments), 869.- solutions and attached water,337._I solution, saturation of, 3 EO. -- tension of aqueous vapour of,862.Saltpetre, Chili. and. peat compost,parallel experiments on, as manurefor beet, 469.-- - or ammonium eulphate as amanure, 1156. - deposit, 359.- earth from Turkestan, investiga-tion of, 120.Salts, certain, thermal relationshipsbetween water and, 339. - chemical neutrality of, and the useof different indicators in acidimetry,472.tive of, TRANS., 775.hippuric acid, 898.rivativev of, 388.benzene on, TRANS., 666.on, 1061.--1105.heat of, 1101.- decomposition of, by water, 630.- hydrated, tension of aqueousI_ influence of, on certain digestive- solubility of, in water at various- solubility of mixtures of, 865.Samarium compounds, 636.- correction of a former paper on the- and jttrium, mutual extinction ofTapour of, 213.processes, 827.temperatures, 118 1.spectrum of, 621.the spectra of, 1025.Sanguinarine, detection of, 608.Santa Cathai*ina meteorite, 362.Santonin, manufacture of, in Turkestan,Sap in plants, theory of the circulationSaponification, velocity of, 1034.Saponite, variety of, 229.Sarcine, constitution of, 276.Saussurite from Cahfornia, analyais of,Sawdust as litter, 429.Sebacic acid, amidobenzoic acid derirn-Sebacyldibenzamic acid, 534.Scapolites, proportion of chlorine in,1187.Sehoenite, working up. the mother-liquors from, in the production ofkainite, 306.Schuchardtite, 32.Secondary amines, 383.- batteries, charge and discharge of,- - charging, 1175.Seed potatoes, desiccation of,. 1156.Seeds, inflnence of intermittent hcat onthe germination of, 4191 - influence oE light on the germina-tion of, 419.- of forest trees, mineral matter in,1255. - of the cotton tree, cotnposition of,425.- oleaginous, of the Symphonia f a w i -cwlata (ClusiaceE), 290.Seleniocarbamido; 50. - and its derivatives, 376.- simu!taneoua mtion of oxygen andhydracids on, 967.Selenious acid, reactions of, with hydro-gem sulphide, TRANS., 441.Selenium, action of the vapour of, onred-hot charcoal, 120.-new and eimple method for thequantitative separation of telluriumfrom, TRANS., 439.108.of, 927.491.tives of, 533.1099.- monosulphide, TRANS, 446.- sulphide, nature of, 954.Selenoxglen, 1207.Senna leaves, active principle of, 991.bericite from the quartz-phylhte ofSerum, prote’ids of, 571.- albumill, behaviour of, towardsacids and neutral salts, 913. -- preparation of, 914. - and globulin, separation and esti-mation of, by means of magnesiumsulphate, 611.Sewage, filtration of, through peat,1268.Wiltau, anulysis of, 736INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 1385Sheep, feeding, with sugar, 1258. - Scotch hill, composition of thefood of, 291.Side-chains of aromatic compounds,nitration of, 662.Siderolithic horizon, origin and forma-tion of masses of calcium phosphatein sedimentary rocks, and their rela-tion to the iron ores and clays of,127.Siegburgite, 220.Siemens’ mercury unit, reproduction af,1027, 1099.Siemens-Mart in process, 98.Silica, fibrous, from serpentines, 490.Silicates, estimation of alkalis i n , 296. - formation and alteration of, 1187.- of the phexols, 1056.Siliceous earth from Morris Co., YewSilicic acid, collo’id, heat of coagulationSilicon, appaxent volatilisation of, a t- compounds, aromatic, 973.- electzo-deposition of, 110. - influence of, on the properties of- phosphate, polymorphism of, 120.- tetsabcnzyl, 973.- tetxaphengl, 973.- tetratolgl, 973.Hilk, behaviour of different ferric oxide- estimation of, in tissues, 96.Silver, action of nitric peroxide on,- amalgam from Oberlahnstein, 219.- and copper in t h e same solution,- atomic weight of, and Prout’s hy-- behaviour of the halord salts of, in- bromide, different modifications of,-e_ modification of colour sensi--- molecular modifications of,- chloride, action of light on, 956.-- pattery, experimental re-searches on the electric dischargewith, 322. -- bromide, and iodide, com-bination of, with colouring matter,350. - class of metals and their nitrites,behaviour of, towards nitric acid,TRANS., 230. - cyanide, action of nitric acid andof sodium carbonate on. 133.Jersey, 361.of, 1031.440°, 872.cast iron, Part 11, TRANS., 902.mordants with, 315.TRANS., 632.estimation of, 441.pothesis, TRANS., 434.the solar spectrum, 703, 936.846.tiveness of, 612.349: 611.diher cyanide, action of, on sulphur- deposition of, on glass, bc., 616.- electrocl~emical equivalent of, 469.- estimation of minute quantities of,- .fluoride, chlorate, and pemhlorate,- fulminate, action of primary alco--- decomposition of, by hydro-- hydroxide, 124.- iodide as a blowpipe reagent, 1157. - metallic, action of hydrogen sul-- nitrite, action of nitric peroxide,- nitracganide, 133.- precipitation of halogen salts of,1010. - purification of, by electrolysis,941.- salta, action of dyes and other sub-stances in increasing the sensibility of,703.combinations of, with colour-ing matters, 611. - solutions, red, formation of, byreduction, 955. - subchloride, attempt to prepare,956.Silvering of glass and mirrors, 1020.Xinapis alba, composition of, duringvarious stages of growth, 10117.Sismoncline, crystalline form and opticalcharacters of, 1118.Skatole, formation of, 56’7.Skatolecarboxylic acid, a product of thebehaviour of, in the organism,Skimmetin, 553.Skimmia japonica, active constituentsSkimmin, 553.Skopole’ine, 404.Skopoletin, 404.Skopolia japonica, poisonous con-Skopolin, 404.Slag, basic, working-up, 940.Slags, decomposition a d analysis of,Smelting furnace, a new, 1272.Smithsonite from Pelsocz Ardo, 730.Smoke, acid, influence of, on vegetation,Soap analysis, 844.- estimation of resin in, 933.- separation of, from the leJs bychloride, 1193.84.electrolysis of, 110.holic iodides on, 133.chloric acid, TRANS., 69.phide on, 124.and of heat on, TRANS., 634.~-putrefaction of albumin, 569.5’75.Of, 553.-- -stituents of, 404-192.76.centrifugal iueaiis, 3101386 ‘ISDES OF SUBJECTS.Soaps as constituents of blood plasma and- cheap cocoa-nut toilet and curd,- preparation of, from oil seeds,Soda industry, improvements in, 1269.-- progress made in, 455.- solutions, concentrated, specific- waste, decomposition of, by meens-- recovery of sulphur from,Sodium, aluminate, 638.- bicarbonate obtained by the am-monia-soda process, removal of theammonium sdts in, 1269.chyle, 573.preparation of, 944.1023.heat of, 1101.of carbonic anhydride, 1017.614.- chlorate, prepanition of, 17. - chloride, estimatioii of small quan-tities of, in crude potassium chloride,1263.- chromate, dispersion of, 211.-- fluorphosphate from soda liquors,- fulminate, 39. - - and a double salt of, 1191.- hydrosulphide, manufacture of,- hyposulphhite, preparation of, 723. -- mercaptide, action of, on phengl- methoxide, heat of formation and- nitrate, fused, solubility of certain- nitroprusside, action of heat on,-- as a reagent for sugars, 600. - orthovanadates and their analogues,TRANS., 363. - paracresolate, action of chlorine,bromine, and iodine on, 145. - paratungstate, decomposition of,in aqueous solution, 1184. - pentasulphide, action of lead hydr-oxide and silver oxide on an aqueoussolution of, 217. - phthnlate, action of phosphorustrisulpliide on, 763. - production of, by electrolysis, 942. - salts, a new reaction of, 441.- eulphide, preparation of, 349.- sulphite, comparative oxidation ofsolutions of, 217. - thiosulphate, action of lead hj-dr-oxide and silver oxide on an aqueoussolution of, 217. -- action of potassium perman-ganate on, 957, 1111.- vanadofluoride, TKANS., 358.Soil and its cultivation, influence of, onTRANS., 360.937.salts, 1057.of dissolution of, 1031.salts in, TRANS., 94.234.the temperature of, and moisture inthe air, 81.Soil, black, from Manitoba, 834.- estimation of phosphoric acidsoluble in, 439.- influence of the cultivation on thc.moisture in, 588.- influence of physical and chemicalproperties of , on evaporation, 80. - micro-organisms in, 426, 683.- of cemeteries, arsenic in, 1009.- phosphoric acid in, 588.-- sandy, result of removiiig dkbrisfrom the surface of, 8L.Soils, estimation of soluble potash in,1262.- peaty and sandy, action of sea-mudon, 929. - remarks on the analysis of, 193.- some points i n the composition of,with results illustrating the sourci’sof the fertility of Manitoba Prairiesoils, TRANS., 380. - various, nitrogen and carbon in,TRANS., 419.Solar heat, measurement of, 326. - spectrum, behaviour of the haloklsalts of silver in, 703, 936.-- relation between the ultra-violet spectrum of water-vapour andthe telluric bands, A, B, a, in, 713.Soldering mixture, harmless, 852.Solid, dissolved, and a substance ini-mersed in the solution, attraction be-tween, 476. - substances, homogeneous, fipon-taneous change of form of, induceclby internal energy, 1033.of Tunis, 686.-Solidification, 1180.Solids, cohesion of, 866. - immersed in the Aolutions, attrac-tion between dissolved substancesand, 866.Solution, laws of, 340. - nature of, 865.- pseudo- and true, connection be-tween, 115.Sorghum, cultivation and compositionof, 1155. - cultivation of, in France, 7’9. - Cultivation of two varieties of,and preparation of sugar therefrom,79. - sugar industry in the UnitedStates, 1273.Sorghum saccharaturn, cultivation of,833. -- composition of, 12’73.Sour-rot, so-called, of grapes, 1153.Specific gravity. capillarity, and cohesion,relation between, 1180INDEX OFSpecific gravity of liquids, estimation of,-- of saturated solutions ofsolid substances a t various tempera-tures, 334.-- of solid substances soluble inwater, method for estimating, 332.-- of solids, easy and rapidmethod of determining, 332. -- of substances in the solidstate and in aqueous solution, 333. -- relation between conshints ofcapillarity of members of homologousseries and their, 1180.Specific heat of aqueous and alcoholicsolution of metallic chlorides, influenceof concentration on, 8.at higher temperatures, 950.-- of fusion, 625. -- of gaseous elements a t high-- of saline, and concentrated-- of steam and carbonic anhy-- heats, new method of determining,- refraction in reference to the- refractive energy, 1. - remission, Kahlbaum's so-called, asan expression of the dependence of theboiling point on atmospheric pressure,717.- rotary power, change of, under theinfluence of various solvents, 628.- volumes of chlorine, bromine, andiodine in carbon compounds, 717.Spectra, metallic, a new order of, 949.- of the metals produced by explo-- of yttrium and samarium, mutual- spontaneously reversible lines in,Spectral lines of metals developed byS pectro-photometric observations, 1097.Spectroscopic observations and measure-ments, influence of temperature on,209.Spectrum analysis, lecture experimentson, 1035. - - methods of, 465.-- quantitative, 835. - of ammonia with a reversed inducedcurrent, 1025. - of incandescence lamps, relationbetween electric energy and radiationin, 325.temperatures, 7.solutions, 1101.dride a t high pressures, 7 .6.double bond, 210.sion, 465.extinction of, 1025.853.exploding gases, 317.- photography, delicacy of, 465.Speculsr iron ares of Cuba, genesis of,356.UBJECTS.1387Sphacelic acid, 821.Spiegeleisen, estimation of manganese ir,Spirit, fuse1 oil in, 708.- of nitrous ether and kindred pre-parations, estimation of ethyl nitritein, 1013.690.--- estimation of, 1013.--- estimation of ethyl ni-- technic21 purification of, 708.Splenic fever b*acilla, albumin of, 177.-- preventive inoculation of,Spring at Carmaux, deposit from, 641..Stalactite, a, formation of, by vapour,Standard volt, a, 1099.Stannites, alkali, inaction of, with nitritesand nit,rates, TRANA, 363.Stannous brmnide, preparation and pro-perties of, 728.- chloride, behaviour of, towardsnitric oxide, and towards nitric acid,TRANS., 623.Star anise tree, cultivation of, and thepmparation of the oil i n Annani,1275.Starch, apparatus for the estimation of,813.- crude, action of the diastase of malton, 499. - estimation of, in gluten bread, 290,445. - formation of gmpe-sugar from,104.- formation of, in vine-leaves, 683,1004.- granules, action of heat on, 368. -- is any other substance b e s i hmaltose and dextrin formed durincthe transformation of, by diastase ?TRAFS., 555. - manufacture of cane-sugar from,1274. - non-crystallisable products of tlieaction of diastase on, TRANS., 527.7 preparation and investmigation of,618. - refuse as fodder, 1155. - syrup, cornposit ion of, 693.Staurolite, crystallographical examina-Steam, specific heat of, a t high pressure,- use of, in chemical laboratories,Stearopten from Barosrna crefiatn,- from essence of patchouli, 391.Stearyl cliloricle, 509.Steel, best, production of, 1167.trite in, 842.1084.1034.tion of, '733.7.482.11421388 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.Steel, cast, calorimetric study of theeffect of tempering and hammering on,866. - crucibIc, 616.- cstimation of carbon and sulphur- estimation of manganese and phos-- examination of, 1160. - fused, cellular structwe of, 485. - manganese, 307. - productionof malleable ingot-,1271.- tempering of, 26.Sterculia acwminata (Kola nut), 712.Sterilisation of liquids, and the use ofStibnite from Japan, 221.Stilbite from Berks Co., Pa., 960.Stomach, human, behaviour of carbonicanhydride, oxygen and ozone in,280.Stramonium seed, preparaticm of d e brine from, 820.Skraw as litter, 429.Strawberries, ash of, 183.Strengite, artificial production of, 1043.Strontium carbonate, preparation of,- chloride, preparation of.19. - hydroxide, manufacture of, 937. - sugar factories, manurial value ofconcentrated liquors from, 687.Structural forrnulse, seveml, possibilityof. for the same chemical compound,722.Strychnine and its bromine-derivatives,675. - and other nIkalok7s, detection of, incases of poisoning, 605.I_ bromo-, action of nitric acid on,TRANS., 141. - bromo-, crystallography of, TRANS.,144. - bromo-, physiological action of,TRANS., 143.- experiments on, T R ~ N S . , 139. - ferro- and ferri-cyanide, 675. - michrochcmical test for, 449. - and mono- and di-bromo-deriva-- mono- and dibromo-, and chloro-,- relation of brurine to, 1146.Strychnos nux vomica, glucoside from,395. - - - indigenous Co Ceylon,chemistry and botany of, 583.- toxilfera, curarine from, 997.Styrolene alcohol, hydrocarbon, Cl6H1?,- dinitro-, 1138. - nitroparamido-w-nitro-, 1139.in, 1161.phorus in, 597.plaster filters for, 287, 288.1269.tives of, 911.TRANS., 140, 141.from, 269.Subercolic acid and its salts, 756.Suberic acid, an isotr.eric, 757. -- normal, derivatives of, 755,Suocinamide, 886.Succinamidotrimethylpbenylammonium,nietn-, 1220.Succinic acid. amidobenzoic acid-derivn-tives of, 533.-- diphenylamine-derivatives of,-- ferment, and its action oncane-sugar, 1152.Succinonitrile, 646.Succinyl compounds, action of phos-phorus pentnchloride on, 651.Fuccinjlamidobenzoic acid, 534.Succinyldiber~zamic acid, 533.Sucroses, compounds of, with phengl-Sugar analysis, ;i method of, 693. - and redricing eubstancee, amountof, in the blood under various cir-.cumstances, 829. - c~tiie, atripaic acid from, 653. - decomposition of, when heatedwiskh dilute acids, '745. - detection of, in urine, 702. - estimation of, 693. - estimation of, by Fehling's solu-tion as conducted at the MunicipalLaboratorp in Paris, 1163.556.782..hydrazine, 53.- extraction, new method of, 848. - extraction of, from molasses, 943. - factories, buty ric fermentation inthe diffwsion vessels of, 464.- feeding sheep with, 1252. -- formation of; in beets, 75.LI from Agar-Agar, 500. - in beet, direct estimation of, 842. - in blood: its source and significa-- industry, sorghum, in the United- invert, optical rotatory power of,-- selective fermentation of, 1152.- manufacture of, and purification ofbeet-juice by means ol magnesia andalumina, 1021. - maniifacture of, without bye-pro-ducts, 464. - polarimetric estimation of, in milk,693.I_ preparation of, from molasses, 102,103. - preparation of from Sorghum sac-charatum, 79, 1021. - refining, animal charconl in, 205. -- sulphurous anhydride in,- simple estimation of, in beet, 1163.tion, 411.States, 1273.11 94.709INDEX OF SUBJECTS.1389Sugar, value of, t~ food for stock, 1143.Sugars, certain, reducing power of, to-wards Fehling’s solution, and a methodfor the quantitative estimation of thesame, 1013. - mBple-, composition of, 499. - nomenclature of, 74%. - sodium nitroprusside as a reagentfor, 600.Sulphate furnace, new, 1268.Sulphates, certain, reaction betweenferric oxide and, at high temperatures,125. - formation of, in germination, 1153.Sulpliatopurpureocobalt salts, 874.Hulphides, use of sulphuric acid tooxidise, for the estimation of theirmetals, 836.Sulphinic acids, action of phenylhydra-zine on, 798. - -- constitution of, 1231.Sulphite, a delicate test for, 954.Sulphites, action of heat on, TRANS.,208. - action of phosphorus pentachlorideand oxychloride on, TRANS., 206,207.- action of sulphur dioxide on,TRANS., 209, 219. - constitution of, TRANS., 205.-conversion of certain other saltsinto, by sodium, and of sulphites intnother salts by chlorine or iodine,TRANS., 210. - instability of, TRANS., 212. - interrelations of, with sulphonatesand sulphinites, TRANS., 211. - their places in a series of sulphurylcompounds, TRANS., 217.Sulphobutyric acid, preparation of thesalts of, 74.0.Sulphonediacetic wid and its deriva-tives, 241.Sulphonedibutyric acid, 241.Sulphonedipropionic acid, 241.Sulphones, aromatic, new synthesis of,535. - formation of, from alkylsnlpho-nated acids of the series CnH2n02,536.Sulphonic acids, 1232.-- decomposition of, 268.- --_ of the aromatic series, newSulphonphthale’ins, 539.Sulphophenylglycocine, 55.a-Sulphophthalic acid and its salts, 540.B-Sulphophthalic acid, 902. -- From phthalic acid, 1062.Mulphopyromucic wid, and derivativesSulphotoluic mid, nitro-, 1234.new, 970. --class of, 987.of, 1204.VOL. xr,vIIr.Sulphur, allotropic transformation of,- chloride, action of silver cyanide- dioxide, constitution of, TRANS.,-- decomposition of, by alkali- estimation of, in iron and steel,- estimation of, in prote’ids, 914,931.- fate of, in germination, 1004. - from Zielenzig, 27.- liberated by the decomposition ofhydrogen persulphide, 1037. - nacreous variety of, 952,1037.- native, conditions for the formationof, 729. - pseudo-quadratic octahedrons of,1182.- rate of transformation of prismaticinto octahedral, 952. - recovery of, from alkali waste, 614,1017.- recovery of, from hydrogen sul-phide, 3041, 454.- recovery of from hydrogen sul-phide, by means of nitrohydrochloricacid in presence of air, 454. - spontaneous oxidation of, 347. - transformations of, 1037, 1109. - volatility of, 95%. - volumetric estimation of, 1159.Sulphuric acid as manure, 83. -- chambers, use of Korting’sapparatus for forcing the gasesthrough, 1166. -- density of, 216. -- dilute, products of the elec-trolysis of, 624. -- formation of, in the animalbody, 922. -- infiuence of the Glover towerin the manufacture of, 706. -- purification of, 304, 1269. -- specific gravity of, 121. - anhydride, preparation of, 1018.-- preparation of, from nitrosjl- oxide, condensed, TRANS., 218.Sulphurous acid, comparative oxidatioD-- - poisonous nature of, 577. - anhydride, density of, a t a whitoestimation of, 296.in sugar refining, 709.a t very low temperatures, 346.on, 1193.216.sulphites, TRANS., 209, 219.1161.sulphate, 199.of solutions of, 217.heat, 950. -- ---- in the air of towns, 953.Sunshine recorder, 320.Superphosphates, fine- and coarse-Sweet almonds, germination of, 181.grained, 82.5 1390 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.Sylvic and pimaric acids, 1241.Synzphonia fasiculota (Clusiaces) ,Hynadelphite, 960.Syntagmatite, 33.Syrup, estimation of gum-arabic in,Syrups, maple, composition of, 499. - treatment of, by electricity, 205.8zaboite from Transylvania, analysis of,oleaginous seeds of, 290.299.735.T.Tallow, bleaching, 710.7 oxidation of the fatty acids of, bypotassium permanganate in alkalinesolution, 883.- vegetable, treating, 12’75.Tannic acid, iodised, as a reagent, 691.Tannin, behaviour of, with Fehling’s-- estimation of, 302, 934. - extracts, various, 948. - from various plants, 808. - liquor, estimation of the free acidscontained in, 935. - method of fixing colouring mat-ters on cotton, 1024. - synthesis of, 1228.Tannin-yielding substances and theirapplication, 946.Tannins, estimation of, by Lowenthal’smethod, 934.Tantalite locality, a new, 359.Tarondjabin, 943.Tartar emetic, potassio-antimonic oxa-late a substitute for, 464.Tartaric acid, action of phosphoruspentachloride on, 651.-- decomposition of, in presenceof glycerol, 1125. -- estimation of, in wine lees,843. - - test for the presence of, incitric acid, 445. - acids, four isomeric, calcium saltsof, 243.Tartronic acid, preparation of, 759.Taurine, derivatives of, Part I, TRANS.,367.Taurines, mono-, di-, and tri-substituted,general method for the preparationof, TRANS., 367.Tea, estimation of the quantity of ashin, 845. - Japanese, 582.- oil from Camllia obifera, 1022.Tellurium, action of nitric acid on, 16. - native, from FaFzebaja, 1116.solution, 1163.Tellurium, new and simple method forthe quantitative separation of, fromselenium, TRANS., 439. - nitrate, basic, action of water andnitric acid on, 17.Tellurous anhydride, 16.- - and its compounds, 870. - hydrate, 16.Temperature, influence of, on spectro-scopic observations and measure-ments, 209. - influence of, on the developmentof wheat, 422. - of the body, influence of meatextract on, 409.Temperatures, constant, method for ob-taining, TRANS., 640. - uniform, laboratory apparatus forthe production of, 1157.Tengkawang fat or vegetable tallow,710.Teraconic acid, constitution of, 393.Terebenthene from camphor oil and itsTerebic acid, constitution and deriva-Terebilic acid, and the action of heat onTerepht,halaldehydic acid and its deri-Terephthalamic acid, 981.Terephthalic acid, dibromo-, and its salts,Terephthalophenone, 389.Terminalia chebula, chebulinic acid from,Terpene, a new, 668.- nitroRo-, 1210.Terpenes, 550.Terpinol, 990.Tertiary alcohols, synthesis of, from ke-tones, 881.Tetrabenzoylmethane, preparation ofTRANS., 253.Tetracetyl- a-diamidop henanthraquinolTetracetylenedicarboxylic acid, 1199.Tetmhedrite, 220.Tetrahydrocinchonic acid, hydrochlo-ride of, 561.Tetrahydrodiquinoline, 990.Tetrahydroparaquinanisoll, preparation- sulphate and tartmte, 398.Tetrahydrophenylmethylfudiirane, 250.Tetrahydropyrroline, 1243.Tetrahydroquinoline and its hydrochlo-ride, description and measurement ofthe spectrum of, TRANS., 731, 735. - methochloride, 672.Tetrahydroxybenzene, action of potashand of nitric oxide on, 779.derivatives, TRANS., 782.tives of, 393.it, 394.vatives, 799.1054.396.1240.of, 1023INDEX OF SUBJECTS.1391Tetrahydroxybenzene, diamido-, and itsTetrahydroxyquinone, salts of, 780.Tetramethylamidobenzene, 384.Tetramethylammonium nitrate, forma-Tetramethylanthracene hy dride and itsTetramethylaziline, 385, 386. - hydrochloride, 89 5.Tetmmethylbenzene, amido-, 893.Tetramethyldiamidoazobenzene, 386.Tetramethylenediamine, preparation of,978.Tetrame thylethylene, action of chlorineon, 645.Tetramethylosiquinizine and its iso-nitroso-derivative, 818.Tetramethylphenylenediamine hydro-chloride, nitroso-, and derivatives of,782.Tetramethylsulphonamide, action ofnitric acid on, 970.Tetrathionates, alkaline, preparation of,1110.Tetratolylethane, Schwartz’e, 518.Tetrolcarbamide, 809.Thallin, preparation of, 398,1023.Theory of luminous flames, 467.Thermal and volume changes attendingmixture, 339.- relationship between water andcertain salts, 339.- substitution constants, heat offormation of some soluble compounds,and the law of, 8.Thermoelectric pile, new arrangementof, 856.Thermometer, registering, and thermo-regulator combined, simple form of,471. - relation between the ordinary, andthe weight thermometer, 111.Thermo-regulator, 950. -- and registering thermometercombined, simple form of, 471.Thienol, nitro-, 1205.Thienylacetic acid, isonitroso-, 765.B-Thienylglyoxylic acid and its nitro-Thienylmethylacetoxime, 141.Thio-acetals or mercaptds, 748.Thiocarbamides, action of ammonia andThiocarbtanilidthioxanilide and its deri-Thiocarbimides, additive products ofThiocarbonylphenylenediamine thiocar-Thiocyanuric acid and its aalt8, 1193.Thiodiglycollic acid, 241.derivatives, 780.tion of, 370.derivatives, 768.derivative, 764.amines on, 387.vatives, 1195.aromatic diamines and, 977.bonate, 156.Thiodiphenylamine, amido-, 259.- derivatives of, 1130.Thiodiphenylcarbamic acid, derivativesof, 1130.Thiodiphenylimide, imido-, and its salts,259.Thioformanilide and its homologues,action of heat in closed tubes on,TRANS., 768.Thioformocumidide, TRANS., 768.Thioforrnortho- and para-toluidide,TRANS., 763,765.Thioformyl compounds derived fromaniline and homologous bases, TRANS.,762.a - Thio- a -h ydrox ypropionic acid, phenyl-derivative8 of, 514.Thiolactic acid, preparation of, 752.Thionyl chloride, note on the history of,Thiophen, 887.- and its homologues, method of- compounds of, 1204. - compounds, constitution of, 763.- constitution of, 1126.- dibromo-, direct preparation of,from coal-tar benzene, 971. - di-iodo-, action of ethyl chloro-carbonate and sodium amalgam on,1207. - dinitro-, and its double compounds,1051. - formation of, from acetophenone-acetone, 153. - from erythrite, and from mucic- green, 765. - group, 50,250,1051. - hydrochloride, amido-, and deriva-tives of, 1204. - mono- and di-nitro-, 141. - nitro-, poisonous properties of,1051. - nitro-, reduction of, to amidothio-phen, 972. - physical properties of, 971. - pure, preparation and nitration of,141.- pyrroline and furfuryl groupings,reciprocal transformation of, 1144. - synthesis of, 515, 516, 763. - tribromo-, and its adphonic acidand anhydride, 1051.8-Thiophenaldehyde, 765.Thiophendicarboxylic acid and its methyl-- methyl and ethyl salt of,-- synthesis of, 1207.B-Thiophenic acid and its salts, 51.Thiophenic acid from mucic acid, 764.PROC., 52.obtaining, 763.acid, 763, 764.salt, 767.10521392 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.Thiophenic acids, 1051. -- a- and B-, bromination of, and-- isomeric?, and their deriva-Thioyhenic anilide, 1224.Thiophenine hydrochloride and its deri-Thiophens, nitro-, 764.Thiophens ulp honic acid, mononi tro - ,and its salts, 764. - acids, isomeric, 765, 887. -- isomeric, and their deriva-tives, 765.Thiophenylhydroxypropionic acid, ac-tion of certain reagents on, 514.Thiophosphates, reactions of, 633.Thiophosphoric acids and their salta,Thiosulphates, alkaline, acetic acid and,Thiosulphuric acid, time of existence of,Thiotolen, 887. -- simple method of obtaining, 251.- synthesis of, 763.Thiotolens, isomeric, 766.Thiovaleraldehyde, 136.Thioxylen, di- and tri-bromo-, 1206. - from coal-tar, derivatives of, 767,- simple method of obtaining, 251. - synthesis of, 1205.Thorium chloride, vapour-density of,- metaphosphate, 111 3. - oxides, action of hydrogen per-Thymol, action of, on higher organisms,- azo-derivatives of, 893.Thymyl cinnamate, decomposition of, byheat, 1065, TRANS., 899.Tiglic acid, chloro-, 755.- and angelic aeids, oxidation of, 42.Tin, atomic weight of, 348. - delicate test for, 1013. - electrolytic estimation of, 191. - organic compounds, two, 377. - production of, from old tin plate- salts, new, 728. - volumetric estimation of, 839. - antimony, aitd arsenic, qualitative- - - electrolytic separationI1Lntura pop Eos vifios, 309.Tissues, estimation of the wool, silk,Titanic iron-sand from Brazil, analysismelting points of, 1206, 1207.tives, 765.vatives, 1204.632.1038.in aqueous solution, 722.1052, 1205.1113.oxide on, 635.1085.by electrolysis, 941.separation of, 839.of, 932.and cotton in, 96.of, 878.Titanite from Lehigh Co., Pa., 960.Titanium, atomic weight of, TRANS.,- estimation of, in iron and it0 ores,- mono- and sesqui-sulphides of,- oxide, hydrated, from Diamantina,- separation of, from aluminium and- separation of, from niobium and108.1160.TRANS., 491.640.iron, 1265.zirconium, 639. - tetrabromide, pure, preparation of,126.- tetrachloride, pure, preparation of,TRANS., 119.Titrations with potassium permanganatesolutions, 598.Tobacco, analysis of, 927.- culture, 79. - Japanese, 582. - stems, manurial value of, 589.Toilet soap analysis, 696.- soaps, cheap cocoa-nut, preparationTolane alcohol, TRANS., 90.- tetrachloride, 167.Toloctylamine and its derivatires, 524.Toluene, action of amyl chlorides andaniylene on, 517. - action of chloropicrin and chloro-form on, in presence of aluminiumchloride, 517. - action of ethyl diazoacetate on,1208.- dinitro- , 142. -- 1.2.4., liquid, bye-product in- formation of, from benzpl bromide,Toluenes, trichloro-, and nitro- andToluenedisulphonic acids, bromo- andToluenesulphinic acids, 391.Toluenesulphonic acid, orthiodo-, and its-- nitro- and ethoxynitro-,Toluenethiosulphonic acids, 391.Toluidine, nitro-, new, 974. - ortho- and para-, nitro-derivatives- a- and P-trichloro-, 770.Toluidines, nitro-, action of reducing- -- and derivatives of, 974.Toluidinesulphonic acids and their deri-vatives, 1233. -- nitro- and iodo-, and theirderivatives, 1233, 1234.of, 9444.the preparation of, 1095.TRANS., 453.amido - t richloro - , 7 69.iodo-, 1233.salts, 538.1234.of, 1127.agents on, 1127ISDEX OF SUBJECTS.Toluidopyrotartarimide, 901.Toluquinoline and its derivatives, 1246.Toluquinonechlorimide and its deriva-To1 u q ui noxalin edicarb ox ylic acid, 91 0.Toluylacetic acids andamides, 889.Toluyleiiediamine, 3 : 4, action of cyano-- new, and its derivatives, 976.- a- and p- trichloro-, 770.Toluylenediaminesulphonic acid and itsTolyl benzene, brominated derivatives of,Tolylhydrazinesulphonic acid, nitro-,Tolylisobutyric acid, nitro-, 152.Tolylparazoacetic acid, metanitro- andToljlparazoacetone, metanitro-, 158.Tolylpropionic acid, and nitro-, 152.Topaz, pyroelectricity of, 469.Tourmaline, effect of heat on the opti-cal properties of, 26.I_ from Japan, 222. - thermal conductivity of, 5.Toxicological contributions, 578.Transylvanian minerals, analyses of,Tremolite, crptallographicd examina-Tribenzoylmethane, preparation andTribenzylamine, 1215.Tribenzylarsine and its derivatives, 527.Tricobalt tetroxide, 351.Tricuprio sulphate, a crystalline, andcrystallography of, TRANS., 375,377.Tricyanuramide, 1193.Trihydroxyadipic acid and its salts,-- from metasaccharin, ’745.Trimethylamine from coal-gas, 369,Trimcthylcopellidinium iodide, 817.Trimethylene iodide, 495, 736.- preparation of, 978. - some derivatives of, TRANS., 801.Trimethylenediamine thiocyanate, 978.Trime t h y lenedicarboxy lic acid, 10 49. -- action of hydrobrornic acidon, TRANS., 814. -- and some of its salts, TRANS.,810.Trimethylenedisulphonic acid and itssalts, 970.Trimethylene methyl ketone, TRANS.,835.Trimethylenemonocarboxylic acid andsome of its salts, TRANS., 815.Trimethylenetetracarboxylic acid andsome of its salts, TRANS., 823, 824.tives, 892.gen on, 784.derivatives, 1234.TEANS., 586.1216.metamido-, 157, 158.735.tion of, 733.properties of, TRANS., 252.967.Trimethylenethiocarbamide, 978.Trimethylenetricarboxylic acid andsome of its salts, TRANS., 823, 826.Trimethylethyleae, action of chlorineon, ,736.Trimethjlhydroxyethylammonium hy-droxide, physiological action of, 925.Trimethylorthohydroxy benzaldeh y de,380.Trimethylpprrolidylammonium iodide,1243.Trimethylpyrrolinedic~boxylic acid,555.Trimethylquinizine-derivatives, 818.Trimethylquinoline and .its derivatives,- and its salts, 558.Trlmethylsulphine, action of the halo-gens on the salts of, TRANS., 56.- halord derivatives of, T’BANB., 56.Trimethyltaurine, preparation of,TRANS., 372.Trimet h y lvin y lammonium hydroxide,physiological action of, 925.Trimyristh, 1197.a-Trioxymethylene, 240.Triphenyl citrate, and the action ofTriphenylamine, and trinitro- and tri-Triphenyl carbinol bromide, derivativee- ethyl ether, 655.Triphenylmethane, action of bromine- derivatives of, 1236.-. diamido-, action of potassium ni-- diamido-, preparation of, 1236. -- preparat-ion of, and the actionTriphenylphosphine and its derivatives,Triquinoyl, 7’81.Trjpsin and pepsin, differences between,Tnngstates, double, of rare metals, 25. - of barium, strontium, and calcium,Tungsten iron, analysis of, 840.- steel, 1167.-- analysis of, 840.Tungstic acid, preparation of, 1272.Turkey-red, bleaching, by electrochemi--- - oil, composition and mode of--- determination of the--- Miiller-Jacob’s investi-Turmeric acid and its salts, 211.1246.sodium mercaptide on it, 1057.amido-, 1213.of, 655, 990.on, 990.trite and phenols on, 800.of potassium nitrite on, 904.1134.408.486.cal means, 108.action of, 313, 315.nature of the crude oil in, 95.gations on, 313.5 a 1394 IXDEX OF SUBJECTS.Turmeric, substances obtained from,Turmerol, oxidation of, 271.Turnips, manuring, 589.Tyrosine, action of benzoic chloride on,271.982.U.Ulex Europceus, composition of, 684.Ulexite, Dana’s, 28.Ultramarine, Japanese materials for the- blue, preparation of, from silica,Undecylenic acid, polymeride of, 313.Uramidonitrobenzoic acid, 54.Uranium acetates, double, 648.- compounds, analysis of, 690. - determination of the specific heat- electrolytic estimation of, 192.7 separation of other metals from,- silicate from Garta, 1119. - specific heat of, 8.Uranophane, analyses of, 223.Uranyl chloride, ammoniacal compoundsUrea bacillus, action of, on urea, TRANS.,- estimation of, by bromine, 450. -- formation of, in the animal body,- thermal equivalent of a solution of,- titration of, 450.Uric acid, artificial, 1050. -- from the green glands ofAstocus $uviat&, 680. -- physiology of, 414.Urine, albuminous, turbidity of, on heat-- chemistry of, 703.- composition of the precipitate ob-- detection of morphia in, 44’7. - detection of creatinine in, 702. - detection of sugar in, 702, 843. - diabetic, tS-hydroxybutyric acid in,413, 830. -- pathological acid occurring in,924. - elimination of phosphoric acid in,in insanity and epilepsy, 73. - estimation of albumino’ida in, 451. - estimation of alkalis in, 609.- estimation of chlorides in, 608,- estimation of dextrose in, by meansmanufacture of, 460.847.of, 625.649.of, 638.179.921.328.ing, 680.tained on heating, 681.835.of the Soleil-Ventzke polarimeter,702.Urine, estimation of iodine in, 296, 413.- estimation of nitrogen in, 303,- examination of, for albumose and- horse’s, composition of, 924. -- phenaceturic acid in, 413. - human, estimation of chlorine in,-- iodine in, after the external- lsevorotary substances in, 702. - new and old tests for albumin in,- nitrates in, 413. - normal human, cystine not presentin, 830. -- the copper-oxide-reducingconstituent of, 924. - relation of phosphoric acid to nitro-gen in, during feeding with brain,283. - relative toxic effect of the organicand saline constituents of, 1085. - simple method of estimating nitro-gen in, 608. - sulphur in, 922.Urines! pathological, 10%.Urobihn, 677.609.peptone, 451.608.application of iodoform, 413.843.V,Yaccinium vitis-idcea, bitter principleof, 1254.Valency, atomic, PROC., 122.Valerodiacetonaniine, 502.Valerolactone, actiou of water, of hy-driodic acid, and of sodium ethylate011, 375. - monochloro- and dibromo-, 1124.Vanadates from the Argentine Repub-- ortho-, of sodium and their ana-Vanadinite in Arizona, 489.Vanillin, phenylhy drazine-derivative of,Vanillin a1 d oxim e, 1073.Vaporisation of liquids, heats of, 113.IJapour - densities, apparatus for thedetermination of, a t low tempera-tures, 9. -- of high boiling substances,estimation of, a t a diminished pressure,1180. -- of liquids of high boilingpoint, estimation of, 9. ‘‘ Vapour-density areometer,” 10.lic, 641.loguea, TRANS., 353.1072INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 1395Vapour-density determination, mod&cation of Yetterson and Ekstrand’smethod of, 1179. -- “ dilatometer,” 9.Vapour-pressures, in%uence of changefrom liquid to solid state on, 629. -- of certain liquids, TRANS.,fX1. -- of solids and liquids, newmethod of determining, TRANS., 42.Vapours evolved on heating iron, Lc.,at atmospheric pressure, spectroscopicexamination of, 318. - some, tensions and critical pointsof, 861, 1104.Vegetable tallow or Tengkawang fat,710. -- treating, 1375.Vegetables, red colouring matter of,Vegetation, action of long day8 on, 419. - influence of acid smoke on, 76. - poisonous effects of ammoniumVesuvian, effect of heat on the opticalVibrioles and microzyms, origin of, inVinaconic acid and its constitution,Vincetoxin, 552.Vine leaves, formation of starch in, 683.Vinegar, estimation of free sdphuric7 estimation of the strength of, 1267.Vines, removal of mildew in, 590.Vinicolore, 711.Virginia creeper (Ci.wws pilzpuef oEia),caffetannic acid, citric acid, and quer-citrin in, 1255.Viscosity of liquids, relation between thedensity and, 9.Vivianite crystals, new locality for, 731.Volt, a standard, 1099.’Voltaic battery, new form of, 468. - cell, seat of the electromotive force- current, relation of chemical cor-1142.thiocyanate on, 76.properties of, 26.air, water, soil, &c., 417.653.acid in, 933.in, 1027.rosion to, 324.W.Water and certain salts, thermal rela-- biological examination of, 1266. - decomposition of, by electricity,- electric conductivity of, 323.-- evaporation of, into the atmosphere,tionship between, 339.1029.1260.Water, emmination of, 86. - examination of, for organisms,- fluid, molecular weight of, 8’70. - from the Red Spring of Zacanne- mineral, of Aquarossa, 494. -- of Salies-du-Salat, 231.-new methodB for examining theorganic substances found in, 86. - potable, estimation of ammonia in,194. -- estimation of nitric acid in,691. -- examination of, 841. -- purification of, by alum, 936.- - zinc in, 453. - running, effects of, on plants, 419. - titration of organic matter in,- turbid river, clarification of, 198.Water-gas, 1036.Water-vapour, absorption of he&t by, 5. -- relation between the ultra-violet spectrum of, and the telluricbands A, B, a, in the solar spectrum,’713.Waters, deep-well, decrease of dissolvedoxygen in, and a simple method fortaking samples in deep borings, 1266.4442.(Tarn, France), 232.841.- mineral, arsenic in, 232. - natural puriilcation of, 846. - potable, ammonia, nitrous acid, andWavellite of Ouro Preto, Brazil, 31.Weiller’s silicon-bronze, 308.Wheat, chemical composition of, as in-dueneed by environment, 585. - chemical composition of the pro.ducts of roller-milling of, 1021. - continuous ‘growth of, a t Rotham-sted during the 20 years 1864-1883,583. - growth of, in various latitudes,78. - experimental culture of, at Gtrignonin 1884,928. - grain, alimentary value of the dif-ferent parts of, 678.- influence of temperature on thedevelopment of, 422.White carrot fodder, analysis of, 292.Wine, abnormal fermentation under un-favourable circumstances and its in-%uence on the composition of, 942. - analysis, 692. - detection of saccharose in, 693.- detection of sulphuric acid in,- extract, estimation of, 602.- lees, estimation of tartaric acid in,nitric acid in, 297.692.8431396 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.Wine, red, analysis of, by means of elec-- red colouring matter of, 1142. - specific influence of acetic acid onthe fermentation of must, 942. - testing, for added water, 842. - yeast, cultivated, 205.Wines, a uniform method for the analysiso€, 443. - Californian, analysis of two, 842. - detection of coal-tar colours in, bymeans of ammonia and amyl alcohol,298. - estimation of sugar in, by means ofPehling’s solution, 1163. - &c., detection of artificial colouringmatters in, 1098. - estimation of non-vola.tile residuein, by evaporation in a vacuum, 692. - substance employed to colour,309.Wolfram, analysis of, 1187.Wollastonite from Rkzbinya, 734.Wood ashes, composition of, 834. - dry distillation of, 619. - oil from Cochin China, 394. - oil from ET~cocczcs cordata, 1022. - stains, preparation of, in the solidWool, estimation of, in tissue, 96. - dust, solution of, 428. - grease, constituents of, 509.Wormseed oil, action of the halogen acidson, 172.Wort centrifugal machine, Zimmer’s,use of, in brewing, 1169.Wulfenite, 641. - from Beaujolais, 226.trolysis, 298.form, 711.X.Xanthine, occurrence of, 286. - synthesis of, 2’75.Xanthochelidonic acid and its salts, 45,Xenotine from Colorado, 878.Xylene glpcols, saponification of thehaloTd derivatives of, by neutral sub-stances, 146. - mono-, and dichloro-, and dinitro-chloro-, 1208.Xylenes, derivatives of the three iso-meric, 889. - monochloro-, and their oxidation-products, 1053. - preparation of, 654.Xylenesulphonic acid, bromonitro-, eth-oxynitro-, and diamido-, and some oftheir salts, 1234.47.Xylenesulphonic acid, oxidation of,1235.Xylenol, symmetrical, 522,Xylenolsulphonic acid and its salts,Xylenolsulphonic acid, nitro-, and itsXylidine, metanitro-, consecutive, andXylidines, 381.Xylidinesulphonic acid, nitro-, 1234.Xyloquinones, 382.1234.salts, 1234.its acetyl-derivative, 144.Y.Yeast, and its chemical reactions, TRANS.,- beer, glycogen in, 1151. - brewers’, degeneration of, 417.-< degeneration of, 102. - self-fermentation of, 1151. - simple method of examining, 452. - wine-, cultivated, 205.Yellow azo-colouring matters, preparing,Yttrium and samarium, mutual extinc-166.850.tion of the spectra of, 1025.Z.Zeolites, diagnosis of, 1187,Zinc acetate, anhydrous, crystallised,371. - and acids, apparent influence oftemperature, time, dilution, and otherconditions on the reaction between,TRANS., 619. - and nickel, separation of, 595. - atomic weight of, 348. -- carbonate, concentration of, in- containing arsenic, purification of,- co-operation of water in the slow- dust, estimation of the value of,-- proportion of cadmium in,- electrolytic estimation of, 192.- free from arsenic, preparation of,_I gasometers, use of lime-water in,- hydroxide, crystallised, 1112. - in drinking water, 453.dolomites, 640.30’7.oxidation of, 1105.1012.461.461.835INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 1397Zinc-magnesium group, peroxides of, 20. - note on granulating, TRANS., foot-- organo-metallic compounds, action-- oxide, manufacture of, 1270. - rate of action of nitric acid on,- rate of action of sulphuric acid on,- separation of, from nickel, 193. - - from the metals of the same- -- in ores, 595. - specific action of a mixture of aul-note, 617.of, on aldehydes, 370.TRANS., 603.TRANS., 598.group, 932.phuric and nitric acids on, in the pro-duction of hydroxTlamine, TRANS.,597.Zinc, volatilieation of, from Germansilver alloys, 707.Zinkenite, 221.Zircon from Burgess, Canada, 878. - qualitative composition of, 1042. - twin crystals of, 222.Zirconia, extraction of, 1042.Zircons, absorption phenomena of, 1173.Xunyite from Colorado, 878.Zjmase of jequirity, 1085.Zymases, observations concerning orgm-isms which produce, 580

ISSN:0368-1769    

DOI:10.1039/CA8854801325

出版商:RSC    

年代:1885

数据来源: RSC