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1088 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. Organic Chemistry. Detection of certain Hydrocarbons in Alcohols. By H. N. WARREN (Chem. News, 56, 64).-A sample of wood-naphtha saturated with calcium chloride and fractionated, yielded a fraction boiling a t 160-180”, which assumed a tine blood-red colour on the addition of an alkali, baryta with soda being the best for the purpose. This substance was also detected in several samples of light petroleum, methyl amyl and other alcohols, and amongst the products of the action of chlorine ou coal-gas. Ethyl Isobutyl Ether. It has not been further examined. D. A. L. By A. MEISSLER (Chenz. Centr., 1887, 479).-Ethyl isobutyl ether is contained in that fraction of the pro- duct of 1,he action of alcoholic potash on isobutyl bromide which boils at 60-115”.Sodium disolved i n ethyl alcohol also acts on isobutyl chloride, but much more slowly than in the case of the bromide. N. H. 31. So-called Ally1 Trisulphide. By R. NASINI and A. SCALA (Gnzzetta, 17, 236-240).-1n the course of the action of sodium amalgam on a, mixture of ethyl iodide and carbon bisulphide, Lowig and Scholz ( J . pr. Chem., 79, 441) obtained a liquid of disagreeable odour, to which they ascribed the formula CBHIoS3, or (C3H,),S3, re- garding it as an allyl-derivative. Their results have not at present been controverted, although several writers of manuals have doubtedORGANIC CHEXIISTRY. 1089 the validity of their conclusions. Accordingly, the authors have repeated the experiments, and find that provided all the materials and containing vessels are dry, the only reaction occurring is that between the sodium amalgam and the ethyl iodide ; in the presence of moisture, however, a product is obtained similar to that obtained by Lowig and Scholz.Analysis points to a formula, C,H,,S,, or t h a t of diethyl trithiocarbonate, CS(SHt), ; this substance when heated slowly is decomposed into ethyl sulphide and carbon bisulphide ; but i f heated more rapidly it turns brown at 180", beginning to distil with decomposition ; the greater part, Lowever, distils at 240°, as noted by Schweizer, Debus, and other observers. V. H. V. Ethereal Oil of Allium Ursinum. By F. W. SEMMLER (,4nnaZen, 241, 90-150). -The ethereal oil of A Ua'urn uminum consists essentislly of vinyl sulphide, but it also contains polysulphides of vinyl and minute quantities of a mercaptan and aldehyde.VinyZ sulphide is freed from admixture with these substances by the action of metallic potassium. Its sp. gr. is 0.9125. By the action of dry oxide of silver on the sulphide, vinyl oxide, (C,H,),O, is obtained, but it could not be completely separated from unaltered sulphide. The oxide boils a t 39.. If moist oxide of silver is substituted, vinyl alcohol, C2H3-OH, is formed, which a t once changes into acetaldehyde. On oxidation with nitric acid, potassium permanganate, or chromic acid, vinyl sulphide splits up, yielding sulphnric and oxalic acids and carbonic anhydride. When a concentrated alcoholic solution of mercuric chloride is cautiously added t o an alcoholic solution of vinyl sulphide, crystals are suddenly deposited.If the mercuric chloride is added too rapidly and in excess, the crjstals will only separate after diluting the solution with water. I f too much water is added, a voluminous, amorphous precipitate will be produced. The crystalline compound is soluble in absolute alcohol. Lts formation is represented by the following equation : 'L(C,H,),S + 2HgC1, = 2CzH3cl,HgCl,,( CzH3),S, HgS. Ally1 eulphide forms an analogous compound with mercuric chloride. If these mercury compounds are heated with potassium thiocyanate, the thiocarbimides of allyl and vinyl respectively are produced. The precipitate deposited on mixing alcoholic solutions of vinyl sulphide and platinum cliloride is analogous in composit'ion t o the allyl compound described by Wertheim.Its formation is represented thus : ,3(C,H3),S + 2PtC14 = 4C,H,Cl,PtC1,,(C2H3),S,PtS,. With silver nitrate, vinyl sulphide forms a double salt, (C,H3),S,BAgNO3, analoEous to the allyl sulphide compound. It melts about 87", and turns yellow when treated with water. Vinyl sulphide absorbs bromine, forming the compound ( CZH3Br2)2S Br,, which boils with It is a volatile liquid boiling at 101". Its odour resembles that of allyl sulphide. decomposition a t 195". w. c. w. Formation and Properties of Inosite and its Occurrence in the Vegetable Kingdom. By R. PICK (Chem. Cerztr., 1887, 452- 453).-Inosite is prepared by treating the fresh plant material with hot alcohol, and keeping the whole in SL closed vessel in a warm1090 ABSTHBCTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.place for sereral days. The alcoholic solution is then separated, distilled, and t'he small aqueous residue purified by means of lead acetate, precipitated with basic lead acetate, and this precipitate, after being washed, is decomposed with hydrogen sulphide. The filtrate is evaporated down, mixed with alcohol and left to crystallise. The presence of inosite is detected by means of Seidel's reaction (evapo- rating tthe solution to dryness with nitric acid, dissolving the residue in water, and adding a few drops of a solution of strontium acetate), a distinct riolet coloration with a slight green lustre is obtained, when only 0.3 mgrm. of inosite is present. A large number of plants were found to contain inosite, b u t only in small amount. Tnositc melts at 225" (corr.)? dissolves in 7.5 parts of water at 17-21'; it does not' ferment, and cannot be converted into a ferment- able sugar by acids.The acetyEcornpound, (&H7O6Ac5, melts at 215.68" (con.), distils without change, and is soluble in alcohol, insoluble in water. N. H. M. Alcoholic Fermentation of Milk-sugar. By P. VIETB (AnaZyst, 12, S--Ci).-The addition of yeast to milk or to a solution of milk- sugar does not set up alcoholic fermentation readily. Under the influence, however, of a special ferment known as kefir grains, milk undergoes a somewhat rapid alcoholic as well as lactic fermentation. These grains contain a bacillus, named Uiospora caucasica by Kern, and a modified form of Saccharomyces cerevisice (Abstr., 1883, 226; compare also Struve, Abstr., 1884, 1235).Alcohol is slowly developed when whey or milk is kept in closed vessels, and the marked diminu- tion in the amount of solid residue which occurs when small quantities of milk are exposed to the air for a few days in a warm place, seems also to be dno to alcoholic fermentation. M. J. S. Aldehyde Resin. By E. PUCHOT (Ann. Chem. Phys. [6], 9,422 432).-Aldehyde resin washed two or three times with warm water and exposed to air becomes hard and friable. It dissolves in alcohol and is reprecipitated by water. Analysis of two preparations gave the formula C48H640, nH20, n being equal to 4, but the amount of water is variable. When exposed to dry air, the resin gives off water, and its weight gradually reaches a minimum at which it remains constant for some time, and then increases.When the weight is at the minimum, the substance has the composition C48H61010 = 8(C6H80) + On* which varies slightly wihh the rate of drying. When the increase in weight has become constant, the composition is C48H61012 = 8CsH80 + 04. If the resin is exposed to moist air, its weight increases, and becomes constant after some weeks; if it is then exposed to dry air, the weight diminishes until it reaches a new limit. The composition at this last stage is not constant, but approximates to C4sH64012. The substance formed in contact with moist air is probably a hydrate, but its composition was not determined. In some cases, the crude resin was first placed in dry air, then before the loss of weight was complete, in moist air, and finally in dry air again.After t h i s treatment, it had the composition C48H66013 = C&H64012 + HzO, but this result WAS not constant. In another case,ORGANIC OHEJIISTRY. 1091 the composition was C,8H,0,2. The change of weight which the resin undergoes shows that the increase of weight is not due to simple combination with oxygen, but there is simultaneous loss of carbon, increased weight being always less than corresponds with the increased percentage of oxygen. Either of the resins first mentioned increases in weight i n moist air, but regains its original weight in dry air, the hydrate formed under the first conditions being decomposed in the dry air. Hydrates are obtained containing 2, 3, 5, or '7 mols. H20. The resin was placed alternately several times in dry air and in air saturated with the vapour from a saturated solution of sodium chloride.The dry substance had the composition C4,H6,0,d. In the moist atmosphere, there is an increase in the percentage of oxygen, but a decrease in the percentge of carbon, which may be due either to formation of a hydrate or to oxidation with simultaneous loss of carbon. From these results, it follows that crude aldehyde resin loses water, and forms the compound C48H,0,, or S(CsH,O) + 02, which may be regarded as an oxidised polymeride of trialdane. This substance yields more highly oxidised products which may be regarded as hydrated oxides of the same aldane. Members of the latter series absorb water from a moist atmosphere, and form hydrates which decompose in dry air. When aldehyde resin is gradually heated from 120' to the boiling point of sulphur, it undergoes condensation.Water and an oily liquid are given off, and a non-volatile residue containing a, high percentage of carbon is left in the retort. C. H. B. Chloracetones. By C. CLOEZ (Ann. Chiin. Phys. [6], 9, 145- 221).-The author has prepared aud examined all the chlorine- derivatives of acetone which are theoretically possible if the generally accepted formula is correct. A Rhort history of the derivatives pre- viously known is given, together with full bibliographical references. The material employed was commercial acetone purified by fractiona- tion and conversion into the hydrogen sodium sulphite compound. The author investigated the action of chlorine : (1) on cold acetone ; ('3) on acetone which at first was cold but afterwards was heated to 100" ; (3) on well-cooled acetone containing iodine; and (4) on boiling acetone containing iodine.No advantage is gained by the presence of iodine, and in fact the iodo-products which are formed in small quantity decompose during distillation and render purification very difficult. The iodine cannot be removed by means of iron or mercury. All fractions boiling above 125-130' should be distilled under reduced pressure. The final product in all four cases is tetrachloracetone. Monochloracetone is most readily prepared by Barbaglia's method (Ber., 7, 467) of passing chlorine into well-cooled acetone for several days ; a current of water is sufficient for this purpose, a freezing mixture is not necessary. I t is very slightly soluble in water, but dissolves i n all proportions in alcohol, ether, and chloroform.It does not form a crystalline hydrate, and volatilises readily in water-vapour. When freshly prepared, it has no irritating odour, but after exposure to air for some days it gives off It boils at 117-118"; sp. gr. at 13" = 1.158.1092 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. irritating vapours. It can, however, be purified by washing with a very dilute solution of an alkali. Monochloracetone is readily attacked by chlorine in the cold. Bromine has little effect in the cold, but at 100" energetic reaction takes place with formation of chlorotribromacetone. With potassium, i t forms potassium chloride, toqether with red and brown products which probably contain the acetyl carbinol obtained by Emmerling by the action of potassium or potassium carbonate on bromacetone.Ammonia produces ammonium chloride and the amido-derivatire, CONle*CH,*NH,, which when distilled with potash yields methyl- amine. It follows that monochlwracetone has the constitution COMe*CH,Cl. The action of a warm concentrated solution of pdash on dichlor- hydrin yields a liquid closely resembling monochloracetone in its physical properties. It boils a t 118-119" ; sp. gr. at 11' = 1.194. It combines with hydrochloric and acetic acids, forming derivatives of glycerol, and it also combines wibh water. With alcoholic ammonia, it yields the badly defined cornpound hemichiorhydramine, CJ3&1N02 ; this is evidently not an acetone-derivative, and it most probably bas the constitution CH,Cl*CH<-o~>.CH Dichlomcetone is best prepared by the prolonged action of chlorine on well-cooled acetone. It boils at 120", whilst the monochloro- derivative boils a t ll?', but the two compounds may be separated by taking advantage of the fact observed by Mu'lder and by Barbaglia, that the product obtained under these conditions has the composi- tion of the dichloracetone even in the fraction boiling a t 1 i O " . The fraction boiling at 125-170" is collected separately and purified by further fractionation. The pare cornpound boils at 120" ; sp. gr. at 15" = 1.234. It combines readily wit11 sodium h-j-drogen sulphite, and the compound crystallises with 3 mols. HzOc Even when carefully purified, the vapour acts energetically on the eyes, &c, bslt after some time the organs become insensitive to its action.Ammoiiia acts rapidly on dichloracetone, with formation of ammonium chloride and the base COMe*CHCb NH,, which yields methylamine when distilled with potash. The product of the action of chlorine on cooled acetone has the composition of the dichloro-derivative even in the fraction boiling a t 170', but on redistillation the boiling point is rediiced to 120". Barbaglia obtained a liquid which boiled at 165-170", and when cooled solidified to a mass of bulky, prismatic crystals melting at 44". I n its physical properties, this product resembles symmetrical di- cliloracetone, but with bromine it yields a dichlorodibroinacetoiie identical with that obtained from unsymmetrical dichloracetone, and very different from the corresponding compound obtained from the symmetrical derivative.This high boiling fraction may be a polymeride. Symmetrical dichloracetone is obtained by the action of silver chloride on the symmetrical diiodoacetone prepared by the action of iodine chloride on acetone in presence of water. It has a pungent odour, forms crystals which melt a t 44", and boils at, 170" without decomposition.ORGANIC GHEBIISTRY. 1093 When dichlorhydrin is oxidised by means of a well-cooled mixture of sulphuric acid and potassium dichromate, in the manner described by Grimaux and Adam, it yields a liquid which has the composition of dichloracetone. When this product is cooled, it crystnllises in large needles melting a t 43- 44') which change spontaneously, especially in presence of ether, into short prisms with the same melting point.It hoils at 170", has a very pungent odour, and in ethereal or alcoholic solution is a most powerful caustic, producing very severe burns. With ammonia, it forms an unstable compound which crystallises in large plates. In diffused daylight, chlorine acts somewhat dowly on epichlor- hydrin. When the product is distilled and the fraction boiling a t 160-180" is purified, it yields a liquid which boils a t 170" and has the composition CJi?Cl,*CH<~~~>, and is therefore an isomeride of dichloracetone. With ammonia a t a low temperature, it yields it white, amorphous, unstable substance, almost insoluble in water, alcohol, and ether ; .this has the formula C,H4Cl2NO2, but its constitu- tion could not be determined. The dichloraoetone obtained from diiodoacetone is not identical with the so-called symmetrical dichloracotone obtained by the oxida- tion of dichlorhydrin. The action of bromine, potash, or oxidising agents on dichlorhydrin yields derivatives which closely resemble derivatives of the acetones, but are never identical with them.Potash yields epichlorhydrin, which clossly resembles monochloracetone in its physical properties. Bromine yields a derivative to which the constitu- tion CO( CHCIBr), has been assigned. A compound, CHCI,*CO.CHBr,, can also be obtained from acetone. If the two compounds are treated with mercuik chloride the latter yields tetrachloracetone, whilst the former yields a compound containing a lower percentage of chlorine.If ordinary dichloracetone and -the syminetpical dichloracetone from the iodo-derivative are treated with bromine, they both yield dichlorodibrornacetones, and when the latter are treated with mercuric chlaride the same symmetrical tetrschloracetorie is obtained in both cases. When the pseudodichloracetone from dichlorhydrin is treated in the same way, the product is an isomeride of tetrachlor- acetone, very distinct from either of the compounds CO(CHCl,), and CCl,*CO*CHCl. Since only two tetrachloracetones can exist, i t follows that the derivative from dichlorhydrin is not an acetone-derivative. Again, when dichloracetone and the pseudodichloracbtone are sub- jected to the action of chlorine in Bunlight, the products are very different, although both have the composition of pentachloracstone. Only one pentachlomcetone is, however, possible.The pseudo- dichloracetone is a derivative of dichlophydrin, CH2Cl-CH(OH)*CK,CI, and has the constitution CH,Cl-CH <':'_f>, - analogous to that of epichlorhydrin. Pseudodichlorhydrin does not combine with acetic acid. It reacts violently with concentrated hydrochloric acid, but when the product is evaporated over sulphuric acid the original com- pound is obtained. T&hZomcetones.-W hen a limited quantity of bromiiie is allowed1094 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. to act on dichloracetone, the product CHCl,*CO*CH,Br is obtained, which boils at 111" under a pressure of 25 mm., and when this is heated with mercuric chloride in presence of alcohol, trichloracetone boiling a t 172" is obtained.This trichloracetone yields no chloro- form with aqueous or alcoholic ammonia. and no phenylcarbylamine with aniline and potash. It therefore does not contain the group CC13, and must have the constitution CHC12*CO*CH2C1. Only a very small quantity was obtained. Trichloracetone, CC13*CO*CE13, is readily obtained by the action of chlorine on an aqueous solution of sodium citraconate heated a t looo (Gottlieb and Morawsky, J. pr. Chem. [ 21, 12, 369). With ammonia, it yields chloroform and a small quantity of ammonium chloride, together with a large quantity of acetamide if the liquid has been kept cool and excess of ammonia has been avoided. The actionof chlorine on impure methyl alcohol (Bouis) or on acetone (Bischoff) yields a liquid which has the composition of triohloracetone and boils a t 172" ; sp.gr. 1.418. It solidifies incompletely in long needles at -14", the temperature rising suddenly to -5". The crystals melt between -5" and + 2". It combines with '2 mols. H20, forming a hydrate which melts at 43-44'. It also combines with sodium hydrogen sulphite, but the product crystallises with great diffi- culty. With aniline and potash, it yields phenylcarbylamine ; but with ammonia it yields very little if any chloroform or acetamide, ammonium chloride, however, is formed in large quantities, and if the liquid is dis- tilled with potash, it yields dichloromethylamine, which is doubtless derived from the compound CHCl,*CO*C1H,*NH2. It would follow that the trichloracetone has the constitution CHC1,*CO*CH2C1, but the formation of chloroform and phenylcarbylamine, and the variable boiling and melting points of the compound, show clearly that it is a mixture of a solid trichloro-derivative which melts about -5', with an isomeride which is liquid even at low temperatures.Unsymmetrical tetrachloracetone was obtained by Bouis by the action of chlorine on wood-spirit in diffused daylight (Ann. Chim. Phys. [3], 21-lll), and by Bischoff by the action of chlorine on a mixture of acetone and methyl alcohol (this Journal, 1876, i, 558). It is most readily obtained by passing chlorine inho commercial acetone, the temperature being allowed to rise. Tetrachloracetone is a colourless liquid which boils a t 180-182", and becomes brown when exposed to air and light ; sp.gr. at 17" = 1.482. When distilled under the ordinary pressure, it undergoes partial decomposition. It is very hygroscopic, and forms a tetrahydrate which melts without decomposition at 30". With aniline and potash, it yields phenylcarbylamine, and with aqueous ammonia a t a low temperature it yields chloroform and monochloracetamide. It therefore has the constitution CCl,*CO.CH,CI. By the prolonged action of chlorine on pure acetone at first cooled and afterwards heated on a water-bath, Grabowsky (this Journal, 1876, i, 557) has obtained trichloromethyl propyl ketone, boiling a t 186". The author has been unable t o obtain this result. Probably the nature of the reaction depends on the purity of the acetone. Xynzmetrical tetrachZoracet0ne.-D ichlorod ibromacet one prepared by the action of bromine on unsymmetrical dichloracetone is heatedORGANIC CHXEMISTHT.1095 with alcohol and mercuric chloride in sealed tubes a t 100'. The product is distilled, and is purified from mercury by conversion into a hydrate which is repeatedly recrystnllised, and then decomposed by hy$rochloric acid. The product is dried over calcium chloride, and boils at 179-181" ; its sp. gr. is the same as that of the preceding compound. With water, it forms a hydrate cry stallising in needles which melt at 47-48". With ammonia or aniline, it yields no distinct result, but neither chloroform nor phenylcarbylamine is formed. The compound therefore does not contain the group CC&, and must have the constitution CHC12.C0.CHCl,.The dichlorodibrom-derivative obtained by the action of bromine on dichlorhydrin yields with mercuric chloride an oily liquid which has no fixed boiling point, and is not attacked by ammonia at the ordinary temperature. When the product of the oxidation of dichlorhydrin is treated with bromine, it yields an isomeride of dichlorodibromacetone, which, ac- cording to Markownikoff, has the constitution CHClBr.CO-CHC1Br. When this compound is treated with mercuric chloride, however, it yields a liquid which fumes in the air, boils a t about 180°, has a dis- agreeable odour, and does not combine with alkaline hydrogen sul- phites. With ammonia or aniline, it yields neither chloroform nor phenylcarbylamine, but dichloracetamide and dichloracetanilide re- spectively.I h follows that either there are two isomeric symmetrical tetrachloracetones, or that the product of the oxidation of dichlor- hydrin is not an acetone-derivative, as already indicated. When symmetrical iodacetone is treated with silver chloride, and the product is treated with bromine and afterwards with mercuric chloride, a liquid is obtained which boils at 180", and is identical with symmetrical tetrachloracetone. The dichloracetone from iod- acetone has always been regarded as identical with Markownikoff's products, but these results show that they are very different, and the latter is most probably a derivative of epichlorhydrin- It is not a tetrachloracetone. Pe~ntachloracetone was obtained by Staedeler by adding hydrochloric acid to a boiling solution of quinic acid and potassium chlorate. The yield is very small, and great care is required to avoid explosions. Much better results are obtained by the following method.A solution of citric acid in 1.5 parts of water is allowed to fall drop by drop down a tube packed with pumice, up which passes ,z current of dry chlorine, the tube being heated a t 100" by means of a water-jacket. The product is purified by washing and redistillation. If the water used for washing is evaporated a t a low temperature, it deposits crystals of citric acid which contain 2 mols. H20, and are quite different in appearance from the ordinary crystals. They form flab tened prisms with four of the faces abnormally developed. The cleavage planes and the angles at the edges are, however, identical with those of the ordinary crystals. The pentachloracetone obtained is identical with that prepared by Staedeler and by Cloez, sen., by the action of chlorine on alkalilie1096 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.citrates. With ammonia, it yields chloroform and dichloracetamide, and with aniline it yields phenylcarbylamine and dichloracetanilide. It may also be prepared in large quantity by the action of dry chlorine on dry commercial acetone in direct sunlight. Pure acetone seems to give a different result, since Fittig, and Dumas and Kane, obtained no derivative higher than the dichlorscetone by the action of chlorine on acetone at 100" or in sunlight. Under the conditions given, however, the acetone is converted into a mixture of penta- chloracetone and hexachloracetone which are separated by fraction- ation.PsntnchZoracetone is a colourless liquid with an odour resembling that of chloral, which, however, is only observed after the liquid has been exposed to air. It boils a t 1YZ0, and is readily volatile in water vapour; sp. gr. a t 14" = 1.576. It dissolves in 10 parts of water, from which it separates completely a t 50-60". At low temperatures, the solution deposits a tetrahydrate in small, rhomboidal plates melt- ing a t 15' with decomposition. With ammonia, i t yields chloroform and dichloracetami de. The action of chlorine in sunlight on the pseudodichloracetone from dichlorhydrin yields a liquid which has a, pungent smell, and boils a t 185" ; SI). gr. a t 8" = 1.617. With ammonia, it yields tri- chloracetamide but no chloroform, and hence i t is not a derivative o€ acetone.The action of chlorine on dichloropropylene oxide yields a strongly fuming liquid which boils a t about 178". Tts composition does not agree very well with that of pentachloropropylene oxide, and when treated with ammonia, it yields trichloracetamide but no chloro- form, It therefore has the constitution C H C I , * C C l < ~ ~ ~ > . From these results, i t is evident that there are three isomeric compounds having the composition of pentachloracetone, but only one of these is really a derivative of acetone. HeaachHoracetone was obtained by Plantamour by the action of chlorine on a solution of citric acid in sunlight, and has been described under different names bp Laurent, Staedeler, and Cloez, sen.A solution of citric acid is treated with chlorine in sunlight until the gas is no longer absorbed. Carbon dioxide is given off, especially in the later stages of the reaction. The yield ia about one-fourth of the weight Q€ the citric acid taken. Hexachloracetone can readily be obtained by the action of chlorine on acetone in sunligbt. The frac- tion of the product which boils a t 185-220" is collected and purified. The fraction boiling at 290" contains a considerable quantity of hexa- chlorobenzene, which is probably formed by pyrogenic decomposition, and does not exist in the product before distillation. It is not always formed. Hexachloracetone is a very limpid liquid with an odour which is feeble a t a low temperature, but becomes very pungent and irritating when the liquid is warmed.It boils without decomposition atl 202--204", and when cooled solidifies in large, white plates melting a t -2"' ; sp. gr. at 12' = 1.744; vapour-density 9.615. It is slightly soluble in water, and forms a crystalline monohydrate which is almost insoIuble in water. With aqueous ammonia, it yields chloroform aud trichlor-ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 1097 acetamide, and with aniline it yields chloroform and trichloracet- anilide. When heated with water in sealed tubes a t 120", it splits up into chloroform and trichloracetic acid. The action of chlorine on epichlorhydrin in sunlight yields crystals which seem to be hexachloro- benzene, and a small quantity of a liquid which boils at 200-210" and yields chloroform and trichloracetamide with ammonia.Most probably the product has the constitution CCl,*CCl<_ o->. ChZorobromaceto.nes.-Theegarten (this Journal, 1874, 242) treated epichlorhydrin with bromine, and oxidised the product. I n this wa5, he obtained crystals which have an irritating odour, melt at 34-33", and boil at 177-180". This compound is only slightly soluble in water, but dissolves readily in alcohol and ether. It does not combine with bisulphites, and doubtless has the constitution CCl, A compound with the composition of mouochlorotribromacetone was obtained by Claus and Lindhorst (Abstr., 2880, 862) by the action of bromine and water on dichlorhgdrin, and by Grimaux and Adam (ibid., 457) by the action of bromine on epichlorhydrin at 100". With equal molecular proportions of bromine and epichlorhydrin, the re- action is complete in a few hours. The product is a colourlesk, pungent liquid, heavier than water, with which it forms a hydrate melting at 55", soluble in alcohol, and stable when exposed to air.The compound itself decomposes when boiled even under reduced pressure. It is not a true derivative of acetone, but is derived from epichlorhy drin. When monochloracetone is heated with bromine at 100" and the product dissolved in water, a tetrahydrate is formed which can be recrystallised. It is decomposed by hydrochloric acid, and when the liquid thus obtained is dried, it boils a t 130" under a pressure of 25 mm., and at 215" under normal pressure ; sp. gr. = 2.270. It has a pungent, irritating odour. The hydrate is only slightly soluble in water, but dissolves more readily in alcohol of 80", from which it crystallises in large, hexagonal tables containing 1 mol.H,O; this is readily given off even on exposure to the air. With aqueous ammonia a t a low temperature, chlorotribromacetone yields bromoform and chloracetamide, and therefore has the constitution CBr,*CO*CH,Ol. So-called dichlorodibromacetone, obtained by the action of bromine on pseudodichloracetone, is a liquid which solidifies at -14", melts at -8", and boils a t 135" under a pressure of 40 mm. It does not combine with alkaline hydrogen sulphites. It forms a tetrahydrate, which crystallises in long prisms melting aC 53-54' with partial de- composition. The action of ammonia shows that this compound contains neither CC1,Br nor CBr,Cl, and hence its constitution must be CHBrC1.CH<-O>.CBrCl The action of bromine on dichlorhydrin yields a compound which boil& a t 140-141" under a pressure of 20 mm. It forms a crystalline tetrahydrate which melts at 55-56', and boils with partial decompo- VOL. LII. 4 e1098 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. sition a t 140-150" under a pressure of 20 mm. with the preceding compound, and may have tlie constitution It is not identical CHCl CBr,Cl*CH<- ->. The action of bromine on ordinary dichloracetone yields a liquid which boils at 120" under a pressure of 25 mm., and does not solidify a t a low temperature. It forms a tetrahydrate which crystallises in hexagonal tables with a very disagreeable odour ; these readily lose their water.Barbaglia's dichloracetone boiling a t 170" yields the same derivative with bromine, and is therefore a, polymeride of ordinary dichloracetone. Dibromodichloracetone reacts energetically with ammonia, but no chlorobromoform is produced, and hence the compound must have the constitution CHCI,.CO*CHBr,. With mer- curic chloride, it yields a tetrachloracetone which does not contain the group CCl,. When trichloracetone is treated with bromine a t loo", it yields a trichlorobromacetone, which boils at 107" under a pressure of 25 mm., and at 190" under the ordinary pressure. It is very hygroscopic, and forms a tetrahydrate which crystallises in hexagonal tables melting at 48". With ammonia, it yields chloroform and bromacetamide, and therefore must have the constitution CCl,*CO-CH,Br.Tetrabromacetone forms a tetrahydrate, which, although unstable, crptallises readily. With ammonia, it yields bromoform and brom- acetnmide. A11 the chlorobromacetones described are tetra-snbstitution-deriva- tires. Starting from tetrachloracetone, each substitution of bromine for chlorine produces a rise of about 10" in the boiling point. There is also a gradual increase in the specific gravity. Action of Anamonia and An~ines on Clzloracetolnes.-The action of orthotoluidine on hexachloracetone yields orthocresyltrichloracet- amide, C,H4Me*NH*C2Cl3O, which crystallises in large needles only slightly soluble in cold alcohol. It melts a t 66-67", readily remains in superfusion, and volatilises a t 215". Paratoluidine yields the corresponding para-derivative, which crystallises in very short rect- angular prisms, melting a t 79-80', and volatilising with partial decomposition a t 185".With diethylamine, hexachloracetone yields diethyltrichloracet- amide, which is very soluble in alcohol, and crystallises in prisms which melt at, 90" and volatilise almost immediately with partial decomposition. With trimethylamine, diniethyltrichloracetamide is formed; this is very soluble in boiling alcohol, and crystallises in radiating needles which melt at 104", and sublime at 195". With dimethylaniline, the reaction takes place only on warming, and the pro- duct is a mixture of a violet colouying matter, soluble in boiling water but almost insoluble in ether, and very soluble in chloroform, with another badly defined colouring matter.Allylamine yields allyltri- c hloracetamide, soluble in alcohol and in chloroform, arid crystallising in large tables which melt a t 4.5" and volatilise without decomposi- tion at 190". With hexachloracetone and pentachloracetone respec- tively, ethylenediamine yields the two derivatives, CzH4 NzH3GC130 It is only slightly soluble in cold alcohol.ORUANIC CHEMISTRY. 1099 and C2H4 NzH1*C2HCI,0. The first is soluble in alcohol, and cryhtal- lises in elongated rhomboidal plates which melt a t 200" and subliuie at the same temperature. The second is soluble in warm alcohol, and rery soluble in ether. It crystallises from alcohol in elongated parallelograms, and f rom ether in fan-shaped plates. When one molecular proportion of urea is heated a t 150" with t w o molecular proportions of hexachlnracetone, the atmide- is readily obtained.It crystallises from its alcoholic solution in yellowish, hexagonal plates. Chlorinated Methyl Formates. By W. HEBTSCHEL (J. y r . Cheni. [2], 36, 209-21 5).-Continuing his previous work (this YO\., p. 10.27) the author has repeated Cahours' investigation (Ann. Chiin. Y h y s . [ 3 ] , 19, 342) on the chlorination of methyl formate, but with totally different results. The chlorination takes place very slowly in the dark, very rapidly in bright daylight, and care must be Oaken to prevent an accum ln- tion of the two reacting substances, or violent explosions occur. The author obtained the t ric hlorome t hy 1 c hloroformate, C,C I4O,, pre v io 11 sly described by him (loc cit.), but could obtain no such stable compound, CzCI4O2, boiling a t 180-185", as is described by Cahours, and usually given in text-books.He believes t h a t such a compound does not exist, and that Cahours must bave been mistaken in his results. Action of Sodium on Ethyl Salts of the Higher Fatty Acids. By 0. WoHr,BR~CK (Ber., 20, 2332-2340 ; comp. this vol., p. 71 7).-EthyZ dimethyla'sobzttyrylacetafe, CHMe,-CHGO.CMe,~COOEt, is obtained by adding 30 grams of sodium to 100 grams of ethyl iso- butyrate diluted with an equal weight of absolute ether, the whole being kept cool. Afterwards it is heated in a water-bath for some hours. The product is poured into water, and the oil so obtained is treated with dilute aqueous soda, dried and distilled. It is a lemon- pellow iiquid of a strong aromatic odour, boiling a t 186-189" under 716 mm.pressure. co : N,E,(C2C1,0)2, C. H. B. L. T. T. a- Dimeth yl-/3-1~21dro.ryisoc~proic acid, CHMe,.CH*CH ( OH).CMe,.COOH, is contained as sodinm salt in the soda used in purifying the above ethyl salt, and crystallises in prisms melting a t 108". It is soluble in water, readily in ether. The barium salt with 3 mols. H,O farms readily soluble, microscopic plates ; the silver salt blackens when exposed t o light, and gives a mirror when heated in water. The acid is also formed by the reduction with sodium of ethyl dimethyliso- butyrylacetate diluted with alcohnl. Ethyl isopropylisovalery lacetate, CHMe,*CH,*CO-CH( CHMeJ-COOEt, is prepared by the action of sodium (38 grams) on ethyl isovalerate (100 grams) diluted with dry ether.Tlie product i g purified ill a manuer similar to ethyl dimethylisobutyrglacehte. It IS a br8g!it 4 e 21100 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. yellow oil boiling rtt 204-207 under 722" mm. pressure. When treated with bromine, and the product decomposed by an alkali, an acid me1 ting at 185-187" (probably CIoHl6OJ) is obtained. a-Isopropyl-P-isobutylhydrncrylic acid, CHMe. C H2CH (OH) C H( C HMe,) *C 0 0 H, is contained in the aqueous alkaline extract from ethyl isopropyliso- valerylacetate. It is an oil which solidifies after some days to long, sIender needles of a silky lustre. It melts at 120", and dissolves readily in alcohol, ether, and hot water. When heated above its melting point, it sublimes in lustrous needles. The barium salt crystallises in hard, colourless prisms.The acid can also be obtained by reducing ethyl isopropylisovalerylacetate with sodium. Transformation of Fumaric and Male'ic Acids into Aspartic Acid and Asparagine. By G. KOERNER and A. MENOZZI (Gazzetta, 17,226-231) .-The authors have shown that paraffinoid amido-acids can be converted into olefinoid acids by the introduction of the methyl- group into the amido-residue, and subsequent removal of the elements of the amine. A case of the converse change is here investigated, in that it is shown that ethyl fumarate, when heated with alcoholic ainnionia in sealed tubes, yields an oil, ethyl aspartate, and a sub- stance of the composition C4H6N202. The ethyl aspartate is a colour- less oil, which boils at 150-154" under a pressure of 25 rnm., but is decomposed when distilled at the ordinary pressure.The compound CaH6N,O2 cry stallises in glistening leaflets melting at about 250" with decomposition ; it may be regarded probably as the imide of aspartic acid ; on protracted heating with alcoholic ammonia, it is converted into asparagine. The above-mentioned oil when treated with aqneous ammonia yields asparagine in abundance, the crystals formed showing hemihedric modifications. In like manner, ethyl maleate yields identical products, and practi- cally in the same proportion. Oxidising Action of Alloxan. By G. PEI~LIZZART (Gazzetta, 17,254 -259) .-When a concentrated aqueous solution of alloxan is added to phenylhydrazine hydrochloride in presence of sodium acetate, nitrogen and benzene vapour are evolved, and alloxantin is formed thus: 2C4H2N204 + NHPh.NH2 = C8HaN407 + CSH~ + N2 + H20.It is supposed that in the first phase of the reaction two atoms of hydro- gen are eliminated in the form of water, with formation of a hypo- thetical diazobenzene, which decomposes into benzene and nitrogen, If this view were correct, then hydrazobenzene under similar condi- tions should yield azobenzene, a result confirmed by experiment. An analogous result was obtained with indigo-white, the alloxan being reduced to alloxantin, whilst simultaneously the white is oxidised to indigo-blue, thus : 2C4H,N20a + C16H12N2C)2 = C8H4N407 + C18H10N202 + H,O. Ceresole (Abstr., 1883, 913) has shown that hydroxylamine hydro- chloride acts on alloxan in a manner similar t o the usual reaction with ketones, leading to the formation of violuric acid. I n the p .per, N.H. M. V. H. V.ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 1101 t h i s result is confirmed, and the identity of the product formed with violuric acid ifi established by crystallographic measurements. V. H. V. 1 : 3 Methylphenylthiophen and 1 : 2 Thioxen. By C. PAAL and A. P~~SCHBL (Ber., 20, 2557-2560).-1 : 3 Methylphenylthiopheu, C4SH,MePh, is obtained when phenyllevulinic acid, or preferably its sodium salt, is heated with phosphorus trisulphide or pentasulpliide ; the sodium salt must contain water, otherwise carbonisation is the sole result. It crystallises in large, nacreous lamine, melts at 72-73', distils without decomposition, and is readily soluble in alcohol, ben- zene, &c.It is less volatile with steam than its isomerides, has an odour resembling that of diphenyl, and gives the indophenine reaction, but does not show Laubenheimer's reaction distinctly. The fetrabrorno- derivative, C,SH,Br4, formed by the action of methylphenylthiophen on an excess of bromine in the cold, crystallises in slender needles or scales, melts a t 136-137", and is readily soluble in ether, benzene, and light petroleum, less so in alcohol and acetic acid. 1 : 2 Thioxen, C4SH,Me2, is prepared by distilling P-methyllevulinic acid with phosphorus trisulphide, and washing the distillate with ice- cold, dilute, aqueous soda. It is a colourless liquid, which boils at 134 -138", and shows the indophenine and Lanbenheimer reactions.The alkaline solution employed for washing the distillate contains 1 : 2 : 4 thioxenol. w. P. w. Action of Methyl Chloride on Orthodichlorobenzene in Pre- sence of Aluminium Chloride. By C. FKIEDEL and J. M. CRAFTS (Ann. Chim. Phys. [6], 10, %11--424).-TLe action of methyl chloride on di bromortho-xylene in presence of aluminium chloride is very com- plicated, and no definite products were obtained. Orthodichlorobenzene, prepared by Istrati, was purified by crystal- lising out the less fusible para-derivative, and dissolving the orthodi- chlorobenzene in a mixture of equal vols. of ordinary sulphuric acid and the fuming acid, which leaves the greater part of the still admixed para-derivative undissolved. The sulphonic acid thus obtained was recr-jstallised and decomposed by heating in a retort into which a current of steam was passed.Some paradichlorobenzene distils over a t loo", and the ortho-derivative passes over in an almost pure condi- tion a t about 200". During distillation, crystals of the sulphone ( CsH3C1,),S02 condense in the upper part of the condenser; they melt at 173", and boil at 360" with partial decomposition. The orthodichlorbenzene was mixed with 20 per cent. of aluminiiim chloride, heated on a water-bath, and treated with a current of dry methyl chloride for about 10 hours. The chief products are hexa- methylbenzene and frichloromesitylene. Hexamethylbenzene thus obtained crystallises in long needles which melt a t 164" and boil a t 264". With an excess of picric acid, i t forms a compound containing the two substances in equal mole- cular proportions, and which crystallises in golden-ye1 low lamellse melting at 168-169".'l'richloromesitylene contains more chlorine than thc original corn- It boils at 178" ; sp. gr. a t 0" = 1.3254.11c2 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAI, PAYERS. pound, although some of the latter always remains unaltered. Its forma- tion is not due to the presence of any trichlorobenzene. I t crystallises from alcohol in sleuder needles, which melt a t 205" and boil a t 280" without decomposition. When heated in sealed tubes with 16 times its weight of hydriodic acid of sp. gr. 1.9, in the vapour of di- phenylmethane, it yields mesitylene. Under the same conditions, h xaniethylbenzene yields mesityleie and methane. The formation of hexamethylbenzene is doubtless due to the re- ducing action which has been observed in similar reactions.Pro- bably the organo-metallic compound is produced from the dichloro- benzene, with displacement of chlorine and not of hydrogen, and this chlorine produces the trichloromesitylene. Analo~ous phenomena have been observed by L. Roux in-the action of aluminium chloride on the haloid derivatives of naphthalene. I n addition to hexamethylbenzene, a small quantity of a compound which seems to be a chloromethyl-derivative of diphenyl, is formed. Aluminium chloride alone has no action on orthodichlorobenzene at 160". C. H. B. Action of Methylene Chloride on Methylbenzenes in Pre- sence of Aluminium Chloride. By C. FRIEDEL and J. M. CRAFTS (Arm. Chim. Phys. 161, 11, 263--277).-Benzene yields toluene, di- phenylmethane melting at 25" and boiling a t P60-265", and anthrs- cene.The absence of hydranthracene is due to its reduction to anthracene and methyl cbloride by the action of the methylene chlo- ride, the methyl chloride then producing the toluene. The relative quantities of diphenylmethane and anthracene obtained depend on the proportions of methylene chloride and benzene. Toluene yields it mixture of meta- and para-xylene boiling at 730- 150", ditolylrnethane boiling a t 280-290°, and dimethylanlhracene melting a t 231-232". Metaxylene, in addition to liquid products, yields tetramethyl- anthracene melting at 162-163"; this unites with picric acid in equal molecular proportions to form a deep red compound crystallising in stellate groups.Oxidised with chromic acid iu presence of acetic acid, it yields yellowish-white prisms which melt a t 206", and have the composition ClsHl6Oa. Prom its mode of' formation this tetra- methylanthracene must have the constitution 1' : 3' : 1 : 3 or 1' : 3' : 2 : 4. Pseudocumene yields durene and solid products, which melt re- spectively a t about 165", Z W , arid 290". The first is a small quantity of tetrtimethylanthracene identical with that obtained from metn- xylene. The second consists of hexnmethylanthracene, which from its mode of formntlon must have the constitution 1' : 2' : 4' : 1 : 2 : 4 or 1' : 3' : 4' : 7 : 'L : 4. If it is mixed in alcoholic solution with picric acid, the two substances unite in equal molecular proportions, and the compound separates in small, golden-brown needles which melt at about 903".The hydrocarbon dissolves in sulphuric acid, forming a red solution, which becomes colourless as the acid absorbs rnoisture from t i l e air. The third product might be expected to be a heFta- 01- octa- methj lanthracene. It has the composition CleH1,, forms no compoundORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 1 LO3 with pic& acid, and yields a dibromo-derivative which has the compo- sition C18H,,Br2 or ClsH14Br2. When oxidised with chromic acid and acetic acid, it yields yellowish or white needles, which melt a t 325" and sublime completely without decomposition at a higher temperature. The composition of this product agrees more nearly with the formula Cl,H,,O, than C,,H1402. With bromine, a mixture of a mono- and dibromo-derivative is obtained.Most probably the hydrocarbon is an isomeride of tetrarnethylanthracene, although if differs markedly from it and the other methylanthracenes. C. H. B. Decomposition of Mixed Ethers by Heat and Nitric Acid. By G. ERRERA (Gazzetta, 17, 193--209).-In former investigations it has been shown that when the mixed ethers containing a paraffino'id and aromatic grouping are heated with nitric acid, they yield the COP responding aromatic aldehyde or its nitro-derivative, and the nitrate of the paraffin. Also Liebig, Cannizzaro, and others have shown that when heated, the ethers decompose into an aldehyde and hydrocarbon. In this paper, the reactions are studied in the case of beuzyl isobutyl ether and benzpl isoamyl ether, and halogen-derivatives of benzy 1 ethyl ether.When benxyl isobutyl ether is heated with concentrated nitric acid, it forms benzaldehyde and isobutyl nitrate, whilst beueyl isoamyl ether yields the same aldehyde and isoamyl nitrate. Considerable difficulty was experienced in the preparation of para- bromobenzyl chloride, whether by the bromination of benzy lie chloride or the chlorination of benzylic bromide ; the product was invariably a mixture nearly in molecular proportion of parabromobenzylic chloride and bromide. This mixture, however, serves for the prepa- ration of yarabromohenzyl ethyl ether, C6H,Br*CH2*OEt, which is a, colourless liquid of fruity odour boiling a t 243", but with appreciable decomposition into parabromobenzaldehyde and ethane ; this change is instantaneous a t the temperature of boiling sulphur.The bromo- benzyl ethyl ether is converted into parabromobenzaldehyde by the action of nitric acid. Parach Zorobenzy Z ethyl ether, C,H& 1.C H2-OE t, from parachloro- benzylic bromide, is a liquid of properties similar to those of the bromo-compounds; it boils at 225-227", and is decomposed a t a higher temperature into the corresponding aldehyde and ethane ; it also yields the same aldehyde when treated with nitric acid. Isonitroso-derivatives. By H. v. PECHMANN (Ber., 20, 2539- 254P).-When pure benzaldoxime is shaken with 10 times its volume of a 30 per cent. solution of sodium hydrogen sulphite, a crystalline compound is obtained, which after removal of the mother-liquor and washing with alcohol and ether, orystallises from water in small, white needles of the composition SO,NaGHPh.NH.SO,Na + 3H,O This compound is insoluble in alcohol but very soluble in water; its aqueous solution is decomposed on boiling.When heated with dilute acids or alkaline carbonates, or when treated with alkalis in the cold, it decomposes quantitatively into benzaldehyde, sodium sulphate, and ammonium hydrogen sulphite. Acetoxirne dissolves in a solution of sodium hydrogen sulphite with V. H. V.1104 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. development of heat, and yields a clear liquid from which, on addition of alcohol and some acetic acid, a crystalline compound slowly separates. Dilute acids decompose this compound into acetone, sodium sulphate, and ammonium hydrogen sulphite. With sodium hydrogen sulphite, under similar conditions, nitroso- acetone forms a compound which most probably has the composition SO,Na.CMe(OH).CH( SOsNa)*NH*SO,Na + 3H20.This separates from dilute alcohol as a powder consisting of colonrless needles, and is extremely soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol. When heated with dilute acids, it is decomposed into methplglyoxal, sodium sulphate, sodium hydrogen sulphite, and ammonium hydrogen sulphite. The methylglyoxal was recognised by subjecting the product to steam distillation and treating the distillate firstly with phenylhydrazine acetate, when the phenyZhydmzide, N2HPh : CH*CMe : N2HPh, which crystallises in slender, yellow needles melting at 145", was obtained ; and secondly with toluylenedirtmine, when methyltolnquinoxaline, identical with that described by Hinsberg (Abstr., 2886, 561), was formed.These derivatives are also formed by the action of these reagents on nitrosoacetone, but their formation in the absence of this compound may be regarded as affording evidence of the presence of Unsymmetrical Secondary Hydraxines. By B. PHILIPS (Ber., 20, 2&5--2488).-Sodium phenylhydrazine suspended in benzene is treated with an alkyl bromide, and the mixture after the lapse of some hours is heated on a water-bath to complete the reaction, The product, after filtration from the sodium bromide, is purified by saturating the benzene solution with hydrogen chloride and filtering from the insoluble hydrochlorides ; the benzene is then removed by distillation, the residue dissolved in ether, the solution again distilled, and the bnse obtained by precipitating the aqueous solution of the hydrochloride with an alkali. The secondary hydrazines when freshly distilled are colourless liquids which become brown in the air, dissolve to clear solutions in concentrated hydrochloric acid, and show all the chsrac- teristic properties of Fischer's methyl- and ethyl-phenylhydrazine.a-Isopropy~henyZhydrazine, NPrPh-NH2, boils at 185" under 176 mm. and at 233" under the ordinary pressure ; the h y d w d o r i d e crjstallises well from benzene and melts a t 135". The tetrazoyhe forms colourless crystals arid melts at 85", the thiosemicccrbuzide, NP-Ph*NH*CS*NHPh, crystallises from alcohol in large, well formed crystals aid melts at 116", and the ucetyl-derivative, NPrPh-NHAc, melts a t 97".a-IsobuttJlph enylhydruzine, CdH9*NPh*NH2, boils at 193-195" under 179 mm., and at '240-243" under the ordinary pressure, in the latter case with partial decomposition and formation of small quantities of ammonia. The hjdrogen sulphate forms nacreous scaleiJ. a-Isonnay~henyZhycErazine, C5H11*NPh*NH2, boils at 210" under 57 mm., and at 260" under the ordinary pressure. u-Benxy Zphenylhydrazine (Abstr., 1886, 1025) i u a thick, colourless liquid wbich cannot be distilled without decomposition in a partial vwuum, and when cooled in open vessels grdtdually solidifies to tb methy lgly bxal. w. P. w.ORGANIC CHEJIISTRY. 1105 crystalline mass ; this melts at 21" and seems to contain 1 mol. HzO. The anhydrous base does not solidifF in dry air.The acetyZ-derivative melts at 121", and the tetrazone at 109". When treated with benz- aldehyde, bensylidenebenzy Iphen~Zhydrazine, C,H,-NPh*N CHPh, is obtained; this crystallises in needles, melts at log", and is readily soluble in alcohol, ether, and benzene. This base could not be prepared by the direct action of benzyl chloride on benzylidenephenyl- hydrazine ; if. however, the sodium compound of the base, obtained by the addition of finely divided sodium to benzylidenephenyl- hydrazine in benzene solution, is treated with benzyl chloride, a compound is obtained which shows all the properties of beuzylidene- benzylphenylhydrazine. The author regards this result as affording experimental evidence in favour of the formula NHPhN CHPh for benzylidenephenylhydrazine. w.P. w. Azophenineo and Indulines. By 0. FISCHER and E. HEPP (Rer., 20, 2479-2484).-Azopbenine can be obtained by heating nitrosomethylaniline and nitrosoethylaniline with aniline hydro- chloride (1 part) and aniline (4 to 5 parts) at 80". The best method of preparation, however, consists in digesting paranitrosodiphenyl- amine (1 part) with aniline hydrochloride (1 part) and anilinc ( 5 parts) at 100" for 8 to 10 hours; the product, which contains induline and paramidodiphenylamine (m. p. = 66-67">, is washed with water and alcohol, and crystallised from toluene: the yield amounts to 1.5 part of pure azophenine. The azophenine of para- toluidine can algo be prepared from nitrosodiphenylamine and paratoluidine, and is identical with Kimich's compound (this Journal, 1876, i, 268).Chlarazoyhenine, C3sH,,ClN5, is obtained from parachloronitroso- diphenylamine by a similar method; it melts at 230", and closely resembles azophenine in its properties, but is somewhat more soluble in benzene and toluene. ?'etrabromazoplzenile, C3sHr6Br4N5, results from the action of nitrosodiphenylamine (I part) on parabromauiline (4 parts) and paiabrornstniline hydrochloride (1 part) at 100"; it melts at 243". If metahydroxynitrosodiphenylamine is substituted for nitrosodiphenylamine in the preparation of azophenine, hydroxy- azophenine is obtained. Dibromonitrosophenol also yields B bromiiiated azophenine when heated at 90" with aniline and aniline hydrochloride. From these results, it is evident that nitrosodiphenyl- amine enters in some way into the molecule of azophenine, and that the views advanced by Witt with regard to the constitution of this com- pound (this vol., p.821) must be abandoned in favour of those origin- aliy put forward by Kimich. If paranitrosodiphenylamine be repre- sented as a quinoneoxime-derivative of the formula CsH, I \O, the authors regard the formation of azophenine as analogous to that of quinone-ttnilide, and attribute to azophenine the formula CsH,(NHPh)/ I \NPh NU Ph < N J NPh, ' 3 - l1106 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PA4PERS. [N : NHPh : N : NHPh = 1 : 2 : 4 : 63. This view may be con- sidered as being confirmed in the following way :-Azophenine when heated with alcoholic ammonium sulphide and toluene at 130-140" for some hours is converted into diJzydi.azopl~enine, C,H,,N,; this crystallises in white needles, melts a t 173-174", and is soluble in alcohol, readily soluble in chloroform and toluene, and insoluble in hydrochloric acid.Moreover, if azophenine is digested with alcohol and concentrated sulphuric acid at 100" in a reflux apparatus, it is converted into a com- pound, C2dHI9N3Oa, which crystallises from aniline in silver-grey scales, red by reflected light, dissolves in concentrated sulphuric acid with a magenta colour, and yields with tin and hydrochloric acid, a colourless crystalline reduction compound ; aniline and a blue dye are also pro- duced in this reaction. When nitrosodiphenylamine, aniline, and aniline hydrochloride in alcoholic solution are heated a t 120", two indulines are formed, one of which yields a hydrochloride readily soluble, and the second a, hydrochloride sparingly soluble in hot alcohol.The latter is identical with the blue-shade induline obtained from azobenzene and aniline hydrochloride, arid is formed in larger proportion by heating at 135 -140", whilst pure azop henine heated with aniline and aniline hydro- chloride at 140" is almost wholly converted into it. w. P. w. Action of Heat on Triethylbenzylphosphonium Salts. By N. COLLIE (Phil. Mag., 24, 27-37).-A continuation of the author's researches on the decomposition of phosphonium salts by heat (Proc., 1886, 164). Triethylbenzylphosphonium chloride,. prepared by treat- ing triethylphosphine with excess of benzyl chloride, first fuses when heated, and eventually decomposes without charring into ethylene and diethylbenzylphosphiae.Triethylbenzylphosphonium bromide decomposes with charring into hydrogen bromide, triethylphospho- ni um and diethy lbenzylphosphonium bromides, acetylene, and other hydrocarbons. 'I'riethy lbenzylphosphonium hydroxide gives triethyl- phosphirie oxide and toluene. The hydrogen carbonate when heated decomposes into toluene, carbonic anhydride, and triethylphosphine oxide. The norrrial carbonate could not be obtained, thus showing the decrease in alkalinity produced by introducing the benzjl-group, the tetrethyl compound forming a normal compound, whilst the tetra- benzyl compound will not fix carbonic anhydride a t all. Triethyl- benzylphosphonium sulphate decomposes into triethylphosphine oxide, dibenzyl, and sulphurous anhydride, whilst the acetate decompokes partly into triethylphosphonium oxide and methyl beiizyl ketone, partly into triethylphosphine and benzyl acetate.The oxalate gave triethylphosphonium oxide, toluene, carbonic anhydride, and carbonic oxide. It is supposed that water took part in this reaction, as no triethylphosphine was produced. These experiments show that when triethylbenzylphosphonium oxy-salts are heated, the benzyl-group is invariably separated from the phospliorus. In the cases of the chloride and bromide, the ethyl-group separates as ethylene. Action of Bromine on Bromanilic and Chloranilic Acids. By S. LEVY and I(. JEDL~CKA (Ber., 20, 2318-232 L).-Experiments H. K. T.ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 1107 made by the authors confirm the result obtained by Hantzsch and Schniter (this vol., p.925), showing that the product of the reaction between bromine and bromanilic acid is perbromacetone (Stenhouse, Annalen, Suppl. 8, 17). Phenylhydrazine acts on perbromacetone so vigorously that ether has to be used as a diluent; the products of the reaction are phenylhydrazine hydrobromide and bromo benzene. Bromine acts on chloranilic acid with formation of the compound CGBrsC1,*OH (Stenhouse, Zoc. cit.). When 10 grams of the latter is treated with 8 grams of barium hydroxide and 500 C.C. of water and heated to boiling, chlorodibromomethane (6 grams) and barium carbo- nate, bromide, and chloride are formed. When dry ammonia is passed through a solution of the compound CsBr8C13-OH in anhydrous ether, chlorodibromomethane and dibromochloracetamide are formed. The mother liquor obtained in the action of bromine on chloranilic and bromanilic acids contained, besides oxalic acid, chlorodibromo- methane and bromoform respectively.N. H. M. Galloflavin. By R. BOHN and C. GRAEBE (Bey., 20, 2327-2331). -GaEZoJlnvin, CI3H6O9 (?), is obtained by dissolving 50 grams of gallic acid in 875 C.C. of alcohol and 1 litre of water, cooling to -5" to +5", and adding 135 C.C. of 28 per cent. aqueous potash. Air is passed through for five hours. The potassium salt which separates is dis- solved in hot water (at go"), and treated with acid with exclusion of air. Galloflavin separates in greenish-yellow, crystalline plates. When heated, it carbonises without melting. It dissolves sparingly in water, alcohol, and ether ; alkalis and alkaline carbonates dissolve it with yellow colour ; sulphuric acid dissolves i t unchanged. The potassium salt, CI3H4O9KP, is a greenish-yellow, crystalline snbstance, very sparingly soluble in cold water, insoluble in alcohol ; when boiled with water, free galloflavin is formed.Galloflavin yields coloured in- soluble salts with the oxides of aluminium and chromium. The ncetyl- derivative, CI3HZO9Ac4, crystallises from benzene in white needles melting at 230" ; i t dissolves readily in glacial acetic acid and in chlo- roform, but is insoluble in alkaline carbonates. When galloflavin is heated with chloracetic chloride a t 100-110" for 15 hours, the com- pound C,,H,O,( CH,Cl*CO), is formed. This crystallises in white needles, soluble in ethyl acetate and acetic acid, rery sparingly soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform and benzene; it melts at 210-212".N. H. M. Ethyl Parabrornobenzoate and Parabrornobenzoic Acid. By G. ERRERA (G'azzetta, 17, 20!)-213).-According t o the results described previously (p. 1103), ethyl parabromobenzyl ether is ob- tained by the action of alcoholic potash on parabromobenzyl chloride or bromide. I n a recent paper, Elbs (this vol., p. 151) has stated that ethyl para- bromobenzoate is formed in the above reaction, together with para- bromobenzyl alcohol and parabromobenzoic acid as subsidiary products ; the view is supported by the formation of parabromobenzoic acid by the prolonged action of boiling alcoholic potash on the supposed ethereal salt.1108 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.To decide as to the correctness of Elbs' result, ethyl parabrornoben- zoate was prepared by the etherification of the corresponding acid ; the compound obtained differs in boiling point (262") from parabro- mobenzyl ethyl ether (243"), and is saponified immediatelyin the cold by alcoholic potash. The formation of parabromobenzoic acid from the ether is due to oxidation. As a further point of difference, it is noted that parabromobenzyl ethyl ether on nitration forms parabromobeuzaldehyde, whilst ethyl parabromobenzoate under the same conditions yields ethyl nitrobromo- benzoate, COH,Br(NO2)*COOI4t [COOEt : NO, : Br = 1 : 3 : 41. In couclusion, some details are given as to the best method of pre- paring parabromobenzoic acid by the oxidation of the corresponding bromotoluene.V. H. V. Derivatives of Phenylamidoacetic Acid. By 0. REBUFFAT (Gazzettn, 17, 231-236) .-Acetylphenylamidoacefic acid, NPhAc*CH,* CO OH, obtained by heating phen ylamidoacetic acid with acetic anhydride in presence of benzene, crystallises in micaceons laminae, me1 ting a t lUO-l91", very soluble in water and alcohol, sparingly soluble in benzene. Benxoylpheny7amidoacetic acid, NPhBz*CH2*COOH, is prepared in like manner to the above, and may be purified by means of its sodium salt, which crystallises on slow evaporation in large, tabular crystals. The acid is a white, amorphous precipitate, melting a t 63" ; the copper salt is an amoxphous, green precipitate. I n the course of the preparation of phenylamidoacetic acid from aniline and mmochloracetic acid, the formation of a black, resinous substance is observed, the quantity of which increases with the quantity of water in excess of a certain proportion, and the time employed in evaporating the solution for crystallising the amido-acid.Thus if one molecular proportion of monochloracetic acid and two of aniline are heated together, this black resin is the sole product. If this substance is purified from the accompanying aniline hydrochloride and phenylamidoncetanilide residue, dissolved in hydrochloric acid, and then reprecipitated with water, an acid is obtained crystallising in micaceous scales which decompose at 130-193". Analysis points t o PhenylylycirLe~heny lamidoacetic acid, When impure, the acid rapidly turns black ; it is sparingly soluble in water, but soluble in alcohol ; it readily decomposes carbonates. Derivatives of Hydrothiocinnamic Acid.By 8. BONDZYNSKI (Monntsh. Chem., 8, 349-364 ; compare Abstr., 1886, 325).-Hfydro- thiocinrbamic acid, CHPh C(SH)-COc)H, obtained by heating " benzyl- idene-rhodanic acid," CsH,*CH : C (SH)*CO*SCN, with baryta-water, forms a yellowish, crystalline powder, and melts ut 1 1 9 O . It is easily soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, &c., almost insoluble in water. The alkaline salts me easily soluble in alcohol and water, the salts of the V. H. V.ORUANIC CHElfISTRT. 1109 heavy metals are insoluble. bisulphide solution, bisulphid-cinnninic acid, CHPh : C(COOH)*S*S*C(COOH) : CHPh, is obtained; this crystallises in slender, yellow needles melting a t 179".The sodium salt of this acid is an orange-yellow, amorphous substance easily soluble in water, quite insoluble in alcohol. The potassium salt is soluble in both alcohol and water. The barium and magnesium salts are easily soluble in water; the salts of the heavy metals are quite insoluble in water. Bromine acts on hydrothiocinnamic acid in the same manner as iodine. Hydriodic and hydrobromic acids do not combine with the acid. When benzylidene-rhodanic acid is treated with a mistcre of nitric and snlphuric acids, a violent action takes place, and two substances are obtained, one readily soluble in alcohol, the other sparingly soluble. The former, which crystallises in bright-yellow, rhombic prisms, is nitrohydrothiocinnnmic acid ; when purified by means of the barium salt and recrystallised from alcohol, it8 melts at 240".The second, nearly insoluble substance appears to be a nitrobenzyliderae-rhodanic, acid; it melts a t 263-265". This method, however, does not give R good yield ; the author therefore prepares Mthonitrohydrothiocinncxmic acid by heating together in alcoholic solution orthonitrobenzddehyde and thiocyanic acid. The resulting orthonitrobenzylidene-rhodanic acid is a white, crystalline powder, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol ; it melts at 188-189". When this substance is treated with baryta- water, an acid barium salt of the acid is obtained in orange crystals ; i t is therefore necessary to saponify the acid by heating it with exces8 of crystallised barium hydroxide.When the nitro-compound is reduced with alcoholic ammonium sulphide, a small quan tity of amidohydrothiocin.namic acid is formed. When reduced with ferrous sulphate, it yields orthamidobenzylidene- rhodanic acid, C6H@H2)*CH : C(SH).CO,SCN ; this forms brilliant, blood-red crystals, which are completely decomposed on heating a t 265-2269'. The substance still retains acid properties ; it is soluble in alkalis and reprecipitated by dilute acids. When heated with acetic anhydride, it gives the diacetate, which crystallises in yellow needles and melts at 189". A little wlonacetate is also produced ; this forms long, citron-yellow needles melting a t 280-285". Attempts to obtain orthohydrot hiocinnamic acid from orthamidobenzylidene- rhodanic acid by treatment with baryta were unsuccessfnl, as also were endeavours to diazotise the latter substance.When treated with iodine in carbcn G. H. M. Paracoumaric Acid. By 0. &GEL (Ber., 20, 2527-2539).- Paracoumaric acid was prepared by the three known methods : from aloes (Annulen, 136,31), from parahydroxybenzaldehyde (this Journal, 1877, ii, 893), and from paradiazocinnamic acid, and modifications are described by which the yield may be much increased. Methyl- paracoumaric acid was also prepared by Perkin's reaction from anis- aldehyde (Abstr., 1877, i, 40), and by the methylation of paracoumaric acid. A comparison of these acids with naringenic and methglnarin- genic acids respectively establishes their identity (this vol., p. 49 7).1110 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. Hydromethylnaringenic acid, formed by the rednction of methyl- naringenic acid with sodium, is identical with hydromethylpara- coumaric acid; it crystallises in feather-like forms, but after con- version into the sodium salt and treatment with an acid is obtained in long, colourless needles ; the crystals of bolh forms are anhydrous.The silver salt, ClnH11Ag03, crystallises in small needles, is sparingly ~oluble in hot water, and when dry is unaffected by light; the barium salt, (ClnH,,O,),Ba + 2H20, crystallises in cubic forms. The methyl salt, CIIHI4O3, obtained in small quantity only by saturating a solution of the acid in methyl alcohol with hydrogen chloride, is readily pre- pzred by heating the acid (1 mol.), with potassium hydroxide (2 mo!s ), methyl iodide (2 mols.), and some methyl alcohol at 140" for an hour ; i t boils at 265-270", solidifies a t 0" to a crystalline mass which melts at 38", and is iden tical with methyl hydromethylparacoumarate.When dry paracoumaric acid in ethereal solution is treated with bromine (1 mol.), and the solvent is removed h r evaporation in a current of air, colourless crystals of what is perhaps a paracoumaric acid dibromide are obtained ; these melt at 97-101" and decompose on drying. Bromopncrncoumaric acid dibromide, OH*C6H3B r*CHBr*CHBr*COOH, is formed when paracoumaric acid dissolved in acetic acid or absolute ether is treated with a n excess of bromine ; i t crystallises from chloro- form in needles and melts a t 188". On treatment with alcoholic: pot ash, it yields b romopar avii y lp hen ol di bromid e, 0 H-C,H,Br*CHBr.CH,Br. This compound is crystalline, melts at 108", and yields an acefyZ-deriva- tive. C,H6Br,0Ac, melting at 9P". Meth y lpamcouman*c acid dibro 117 ide, OMe*C6H,-C HB r' CHBI-C 0 0 H, is prepared by the action of bromine on meth-ylparacoumaric acid in equimolecular proportions ; chloroform is used as a solvent, and must be removed by evaporation at the ordinary temperature. I t forms colourless crystals, which melt a t 149" when heated rapidly, and a t 168" when slowly heated ; heat readily decomposes it. The methyl salt has been already describcd (this vol., p. 488) ; when treated with alcoholic potash, it yields two acids crystallising in needles, one of which is soluble in hot water, and melts a t 158-168", whilst the second is soluble in hot alcohol, and melts at 127-132'.If methylparacoumaric acid dibromide is heated with aqueous potash, brornoparavinylanisozl, OMe*C6H,.CH CHBr, is obtained ; this crystal- lises from alcohol in scales, melts a t 54*5", is volatile with steam, and has an odour and taste resembling that of anise and fennel. On treatment, with an excess of bromine in chloroform solution, ~ethylpsracoumaric acid yields ~romomethyl~aracoumaric ncid dibro- inide, OMe*C6H3Br*CHBr-CHBr*COOH, which crystallises from ether O r chlorcform in needles, melts at 162", and is decomposed by alcohol and water. When heated with 30 per cent. aqueous potash, i t is converted into brornoparacetylenenniso%?, OMe*C,H,Br*C i CH. This compound crystallises from alcohol in scales, melts at 75", is volatile with steam, and yields a greenish-yellow, feebly explosive precipitate with ammoniacal cpprous chloride solution.w. P. w.ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 111 1 Homo-orthophthalimide. By G. P~JLVERMACHER (Bey., 20, 2492 -2499 ; compare this vol., pp. 50, 725).-When a solution of homo- orthophthalimide (1 mol. j and sodium (2 mols. j in alcohol is digested with ethyl iodide (2 mols.) at I 00", a-dieth?/lhomo-orthopl~thalimide, C,H,Et,NO,, is obtained ; this crystallises from alcohol in white scales, melts at 144", and is soluble in alkalis. By the further action of ethyl iodide and alcoholic potash on this compound at loo", triethylhomo- orthophtlialimide, C,H,Et,NO,, is formed ; this is a glistening, white, crystalline mass, which melts at 50°, and is extremely soluble in all ordinarv solvents.but is insoluble in alkalis. .r Homo-orthophthalethylimide, C,H4<C0.2NEt>, CH *CO is prepared by dis- tilling a solution of homo-orthophthalic acid in ethylamine. It crys- tallises in yellowish needles, melts a t 105", and is readily soluble in all ordinary solvents and in alkalis. When ethylated, it yields triethylhomo-orthophthalimide, whose constitution therefore is pro- bably represented by the formula CSHI<Co NEt>. Diazobenzene chloride and benzaldehyde react with the ethylimide, and form com- pounds analogous to those obtained by the action of these substances on homo-orthophthalimide (loc. cit.) ; homo-orth~hthalet?~ylinzidazo- benzene, C11HIONOZ*N2Ph, crystallises from alcohol in yellow needles melting at 139O, and benzalhomo-ort hopht ha1 et hy limide, Ph-CH : C,,HgN02, crystallises from acetic acid in stellate groups of yellow needles, melt- ing at 97".a-Diethylhoni~-orthophtkalic anhydride, C9H4E t20Y, is obtained when diethylhomo-orthophthalimide is heated with fuming hydrochloric acid at 230". It crystallises in colourless scales, melts at 53", and is sparingly soluble in ammonia, but soluble in warm aqueous alkalis. The barium salt, CgH4EbO4Ba, crystallises in white, silky scales ; the silver salt, C9H4Et204Ag2, was also prepared. When mixed with soda-lime and distilled over lime, the anhydride yields a red oil, from which diethyl toluene, C6H5*CHE t2 (b p. = 178"), can be separated by fractionating between 170-180". If the solution of the anhydride in aqueous potash is treated in the cold with hydrochloric acid, a-diethylhomo-orthophthalic acid, COOH.CsHa*CEt2*COOH, separates as a crystalline precipitate, which after crystallisation from alcohol, melts at 148" and is converted into the anhydride.a-Dibenzy Zhomo-orthophthalimido, CgH5( C7H,),N02, obtained by di- gesting homo-orthophthalimide with sodium and benzyl chloride in alcoholic solution, crystallises in yellow scales and melts at 174". Unlike the diethylimide, it is insoluble in alkalis, and is only attacked by hydrochloric acid with difficulty even at 300", when it yields a compound which seems to be the anhi/dl-ide of a-dibenzy 1 homo-ortho- phthalic acid ; this crystallises in yellow needles, melts a t 191", and is sparingly soluble iu alkalis.Homo-ol-thophthalbenzylimidr, C,6H13N02, obtained by distilling homo- orthophthalimide with benzylamine, forms yellowish-green crystals which melt at 127", and are soluble in alkalis. When heated with CEt2*C01112 ABSTRACTS OF CHKMICAL PAPERS. benzyl chloride and an alkali, it yields a-dibenzylhorrLo-ort~opht~~~b~~z~ll- irnide (tri ben z y1 homo-orthophthalimide), C9H4 ( C7H7),N0,, iden tical with that prepared in a similar manner from dibenzylhomo-ortho- phthalimide ; this crystallises in yellowish-white scales, and melts at 109". w. P. w. Homo-orthophthalirnide and the Homologues of Isoquino- line. By s. GABRsEL (Bey., 20, 2499-2506) .-Ethyl hon7o-ortho- phthalatc, COOEt.C6&*CH,*COOEt, is obtained either by treating the silver salt of the acid with ethyl iodide, or by saturating an alcoholic solution of the acid with hydrogen chloride.It is a thick oil with a faint, aromatic odour, boils at 291*5-292*5", and is not acted on when treated with sodium in alcoholic solution and then digested with ethyl iodide. a-~Methyl~~mn-orthophthalonitrile, CNgC6H4*CHMe*CN, is prepared by treating a lukewarm alcoholic solution of orthocyanohenzyl cyanide (5.7 grams) witb methSl iodide (3 c.c.) and an alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide (2.25 grams), cooling the mixture when necessary, and finally heating at 100" to complete the reaction; the residue left on distilling off the alcohol is then treated with water, ex- tracted with ether, and the oil remaining after the evaporation of the ether is purified by distillation.It crystallises in large triclinic forms, a : b : c = 0.9449 : 1 : 1.0809 ; a = 97' 2'; p = 10.3" 12' ; "1 = 87" 11' ; melts a t 36-37", boils a t 284-286", is only slightly volatile with &earn, and is readily soluble in the ordinay solvents, sparingly soluble in light petroleum. When the nitrile is dissolved in sulphuric acid, heated at 100' until the reaction is complete, and the product noured into water- crystallises in compact, glistening. prisms, melts a t 145", distils with- out deconzposition, and dissolves in alkalis. On digestion with methyl iodide and alcoholic potash, this compound is converted into tri- methylhomo-orthophthelimide (this vol., p. 50). When the methyl- imide is heated with fuming hydrochloric acid at 190-200" for two hours, it yields a-methylhomo-nrthophthaliG acid ; this is a crystalline powder, which melts at 146-147" and dissolves in ammonia and alkalis.- >, is prepared by heating a-methylhomo-orthophthalimide (5 grams) with phosphorus oxy- chloride (15 c.c.) at 190-200" for four hours, extracting the product with water, and heating the crystalline residue with very dilute aqueous soda ; the insoluble methyldichlorisoquinoline is then purified by distillation and crystallised from alcohol. It crystallises in long, white needles, and melts at 101-102". On treating the alkaline filtrate with an acid, it yields ~nethylchloroxyisoqulinolirte, CMe : C(0H) CHMe-CO C6H*<<--CCl s--> or Ci&<-CC1 N->, which crystallises from acetic acid in needles, and melts at 224' with frothing.Homo-orthophthalonitrile, when ethylated under couditions similar The silver salt, CIOH8Ag204, was analysed. CMe * CC1 Met7LyldichlorisopzLinoline, CJ&<-ccl.:ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 1113 to those detailed for the methyl-derivative, yields a-eth ylhorno-ortho- phfhalonitrile, CN*C,H,-CHEt.CN, which crystallises in short, compact prisms, melts a t 3 9 4 0 ' , and distils a t 293-295". On treatment with snlphuric acid, the ethyl nitrile is converted into a-ethylhomo- orthopkfhalimide, C,,H,,NO, ; this crystallises in colourless needles, melts a t 97-99", dissolves in alkalis, and when heated with phosphorus oxychloride yields et hy ldichl orisopuino line, Orthocyanobenzyl cyanide, when heated at 80" with concentrated sulphuric acid, or a t 100' with fuming hydrochloric acid, is converted Transformation of Hornologues of Indole into those of Quinoline.By G. MAGNAEINT (Gazzetta, 17, 246-254) .-Though indole and pyrroline are regarded as possessing an analogous consti- tution, yet this view has not as yet been confirmed by experimental evidence. Ciamician and Dennstedt have shown that derivatives of pyrroline are readily converted by chloroform or bromoform into those of pyridine ; by the same reaction, derivatives of indole shonl-1 be converted into those of quinoline. In this paper, i t i q shown that methylketole and skatole yield suhstnnces which are in all probability halogen-derivatives of quinoline. For example, methylketole when heated with chloroform in presence of alcoholic soda is converted by a violent reaction into a chloroquinnldine thus: C,H,N + 2NaOH + CHCI, = ClnH8C1N + 2NaC1 + 2H,O; the product is best purified by means of the picrate, and subsequent decomposition of the salt formed by potash.Chloroquinaldine, CgH5NMeCl, crystalli,ses in delicate, white needles, melting a t 71-72', insolulrrle in water, very soluble in alcohol and ether ; the picrate forms sparingly soluble, yellow needles melting a t 223" with decomposition. Bromoguinaldine, CgH5NMeBr, obtained from bromoform under identical conditions, crystallises in white needles melting at 78" : system, monoclinic; a : b : c = 0.91 : 1 : 0.6'24; p = 64'31' 33". The picrate melts at 224-225'. In like manner, skatole yields a chtoro- and bromo-lepidine; the former crvstallises in delicate needles melting at 54-55", and the picrate melts a t 208' ; the latter melts at 58*5-59*5", and its picrate at 214-215" with decomposition.The above derivatives are not identical w i t h the methyl halogen- derivatives previously described ; the author considers that the chloroquinaldine from methylketole has the constitution Me : C1 = 2' : 3', while the chlorolepidine from skatole has the constitution C1 : Me = 3' : 4 . into homo-orthophthalimide. w. P. w. V. H. V. Chlorobromonaphthalene. By J. GUARESCHI and P. BIGINELLI (Chem. Centr., 1887, 518--519).-By the action of bromine (1 mol.) on a-monochloronaphthalene (1 mol.), and by the action of chlorine on a-monobromonaphthalene, the same dihalogen-naphthalenes are 4 f VOL. LII.3 114 ABSTRACTS OF OHERlICAL PAPERS.obtained ; in both cases two chlorobromonaphthaleiies, C,H,CIBr, melting at 66-67' and at 119-119*5" are formed. Parachlorobromo- naphthalene melts at 66-67', boils at 303" (uncorr.), dissolves in ether and acetic acid, and sublimes in needles ; when oxidised with chromic acid (two parts) in acetic acid solution, chlorobromonaphthaquinone and parachlorobromophthalide are formed. The quinone (probably parachloroZIromo-a-naphthaquino?Le) crystallises from alcohol in yellow needles of a silkv lustre melting. at 166 5-167". Parachlorobromo- phthalide crystaliises in tabula;, rhombohedra1 crystals melting at 1795-180'. The derivative melting at 119-119*5" forms thin, lustrous plates, more sparingly soluble in alcohol and glacial acetic acid than its isomeride ; when oxidised with chromic acid, a-chlorophthalic acid, melting at 183-184", is formed (Guareschi, Ahstr., 1886, 353).In the compound melting at 119", the halogen is therefore contained in both benzene nuclei. N. H. M. Nitrosamines. By 0, FISCHER and E. HEPP (Bey., 20, 2471- 2478).-When an alcoholic solution of P-naphthylethylnitrosamine, cooled in ice, is treated with alcoholic hydrogen chloride, a-nitroso-$- ethylnaphthylamine, [NO : NHEt = 1 : 21, is obtained; this crystal- lises from benzene in well-formed, flat tables, melts at 120-121", and yields salts readily soluble in water. On the addition of potassium nitrite to the solution of the base in dilute sulphuric acid, a nitros- amine is formed, and crystsllises in long, hair-like needles, whilst on reduction with tin and hydrochloric acid, or allowing a solution of the base in alcoholic hydrogen chloride to remain at 10-15" for some time, or on treating p-naphthylethylnitrosamine with alcoholic hydrogen chloride at the ordinary temperature, ethenyl-a-P-naphthyl- enediaurine, C,2H,aN2 (this vol., p.729), is obtained. The hydrochloride of the anhydro-base, U12HloNz,HCl + 2H20, crystallises in slender, colourless needles, and is sparingly soluble in water, and the base itself is identical with that prepared by Liebermann and Jaoobson (Abstr., 1882, 521). The base obtained from P-phenylnaphthylnitroswnine by treating its alcoholic solution in the cold with alcoholic hydrogen chloride, is identical with naphthaphenazine (this vol., p. 591) ; the yield amonnts to 10 per cent.Nitrosoaniline, C6HaNz0, is formed when nitrosophenol (1 part) is heated with ammonium chloride (5 parts) and ammonium acetate (10 parts) at 100' for half an hour; the product is then poured into water, and the dark-green, orystalline precipitate is purified by crystallisation from benzene. It forms steel-blue, curved needles, and melt8 at 173-1 74'. Like nitrosodimethylaniline, it yields sodium iiitrosophenol and ammonia, when boiled with aqueous soda. Although nitrosoaniline oould not be obtained by the action of ammonia on nitrosophenol, it is possible to prepare a-nitroso-P-ethyl- naphthy lamine by heating a-nitrosonaphthol with ethylamine at loo", and the authors suggest that Ilinski's orthonaphthalene-a-oxime- p-imide (Abstr., 1886, 474) should be regarded as a-nitroso-p- naphthylamine.ORGANIC C E€E JlISTR T.1115 When nitrosophenylglycocine (Abstr., 1878, 795) is dissolved in 2 parts of alcohol, treated with 3 parts of alcoholic hydrogen chloride, and allowed to remain for 12 hours, a crystalline mas3 is obtaiiied which is precipitated froni cold alcoholic solution by ether in yellow scales of the composition C6E3[6N30C1. The compound explodes when heated, is decomposed by water with the evolution of two-thirds of its nitrogen, and dissolves in concentrated hydrochloric acid with- out decomposition. Its pZatinochloride, ( c6H6N#C1),,PtC14. crystallises in yellow scales, and decomposes on boiling with water with a separa- tion of platinum. The compound is regarded as the diazo-salt of phenylhydroxy lamine, since the aqueous solution after boiling reduces silver and cupric salts, and the compound when added to boiling absolute alcohol decomposes with evolution of nitrogen and an odour of aldehyde, and after distilling off the alcohol it yields a residue from which a pale-yellow oil can be separated by steam distillation.The oil, CI2H,,N,O,, has all the properties of a feeble base, and forms a hydrochloride crystallising in white prisms. This compound also reduces an ammoniacal silver solution, slowly reduces Fehliris’s solution, and is wholly converted into benzidine on treatment wlth tin and hydrochloric acid. It is regarded as diphenyldibydroxylamin , OHnNHCsH**CsH4*NH*OH [NH*OH : C6H4 = 1 : 41. w. P. w. Derivatives of Camphor. By L. BALBIANO (Gazzettu, 17, 240- 245).-It has recently been shown by the author (thk vol., p.1049) that the reaction of phenylhydrazine on camphor is essentially dif- ferent from that of the same reagent on substances formed on the ethylenic oxide type, such as epichlorhydrin. I n continuation of experiments on the derivatives of camphor, it is shown that chloro- and bromo-camphor, on oxidation with alkaline permanganate, yield camphoric acid, thus confirming the results of Armstrong (Ber., 12, 1358) and Schiff (Gazzetta, 9, 324) in opposition to those of Cazeneuve. The inertness of derivatives of camphor towards hydroxylamine affords no evidence as to the absence of the carbonyl-group in these compounds, inasmuch as the reaction will not proceed in the presence of solvents, and even phenylhydrazine under these conditions will not always react, and, secondly, some compounds containing two carbonyl- groups, such as benzoylacetone a4nd phenanthraquinone, react O I I ~ Y with partial substitution of the isonitroso-residue.Strophanthin. By T. R. FRASER (Pharm. J. Trans. [3], 18, 69). -It has been found that the substance obtained by the former proceps for the preparation of strophanthin, is resolved by lead acetate into a t least two others-one an extremely active glucoside, and the other an acid for which the name kombic acid is suggested. To obtain pure strophanthin, the following is the process ultimately adopted. The product obtained in the earlier process is dissolved in water, tannic acid is added, and the tannate digested with recently precipitated lead oxide.The alcoholic extract from this is precipitated with ether, fhe precipitate dissolved in weak alcohol, and carbonic anhydride is passed through the liquid for several hours to remove lead. The solution is then evaporated at a low temperature and dried in it V. H. V. 4 .f 21116 ADSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. vacuurn. StrophantIhin thus obt,ained is imperfectly crystalline, neutral, intensely bitter, freely soluble in water, less so in rectified spirit, and nearly insoluble in ether and chloroform. It burns without residue, and the results of analysis agree fairly with the formula C20H31010. 'Nearly all acid reagents cause its solutions to become turbid, and the liquid is then found to contain glucose. This decomposition is also produced by hydrogen sulphide, especially when heated.Many organic acids, and all mineral acids, except carbonic, resolve stroph- anthin, even in the cold, into glucose and a substance which the author names strophanthidin. Therefore, neither hydrogen sulphide nor acids (espccially-mineral acids) should be used in the preparation of stroph- anthin. The crystalline product obtained by Hardy and Gallois- in 1877, by extracting the seeds with rectified spirit acidified with hydro- chloric acid, was supposed by them to be strophanthin ; and as it failed to yield glucose when heated with dilute sulphiiric acid, they inferred that strophanthin is not a gluooside. But there can be little doubt, both from the mode ol its preparation and also from its reac- tions, that their product was strophanthidin.Strophanthus and Strophanthin. By E. MERR (Pharm. J . Tr-rws. [3], 18, 72).-When the fatty oil in the seeds of Strophanthus is extracted by ether previously to treating them with alcohol, t'he ethereal solution will also contain a certain amount of strophanthin, and to this circumstance the small activity of the alcoholic tincture of strophanthus of commerce is in part due. The author obtains stroph- authin as a white, crystalline powder which melts at 185" and vola- tilises without reeidue. R. R. R. R. Strophanthus and Strophanthin. By W. ELBORNE (Pharm. J. lkans. [3], 18, dlS).-The following process for preparing strophan- thin obviates certain objections to which Gerrard's process is open. The seed in fine powder is mixed into a thin paste with water to which 10 per cent.of alcohol has been added ; this is set aside for 12 hours, then agitated with six times its volume of absolute alcohol, and, after six hours, is filtered. The residue is washed with rectified spirit, and the washings added to the filtrate, and from the whole four-fifths of the alcohol is removed by distillation. To the remainder, solution of lead subacetate is added, and the mixture is heated to loo", filtered, and allowed to cool. The lead is then removed from the cold filtrate by precipitation with hydrogen sulphide ; the filtrate is agitated with amyl alcohol, which dissolves out the strophanthin and yields it on evaporation as a colourless film that crumbles on removal into a non- deliquescent, white powder. R. R. By A. TECHIRCH (Chem.Cerr fr., 1887, 669).-Phyl- locyanic acid is obtained by dissolving crude chlorophyllan in concen- trated hydrochloric acid, aud precipitating with excess of water. This substance can also be obtained in minute cryqtals from solutions in alcohol and ether. Its spectrum agrees with that of chlorophyllan ; it also gves a zinc compound containing 11.07 per cent. of the met21 ; with alkalis it forms very soluble combinations. The formula Chlorophyll.ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 1117 C?9H4,N206 is provisionally assigned to this compound. The proportion of phyllocyanic acid present, which appears in leaves in the form of chlorophyll, can be estimated by the chemical or spectroscopical methods. I n the dark-brown leaves of the Fuchsia ovata, the propor- tion of the absorbing chlomphyll matter varied from 2.5 to 5 per cent.of the dried substance, apart from the ash of the leaves ; the presence of copper diminishes the fluorescence. V. H. V. Preparation of Picrocarmine. By L. GEDOLST (Chern. Cerbtr., 1887, 599) .-In order to prepare picrocarmin for microscopical pur- poses the following method is proposed. About half a gram of carmine is dissolved in 100 C.C. of water containing 5 C.C. of a 1 per cent. solution of soda ; the solution is then boiled, filtered, and made up again to 100 C.C. To neufiralise the liquid, it is mixed with an equal volume of water; a 1 per: cent. solution of picric acid is then added, which causes a t first a turbidity which subsequently disappears ; the non-disappearance of the turbidity serves as an indication that the point of neutralisation has been passed.Diastase. By L. SCHARTLER (Chem. Centr., 1887, 534).-Pure diastase is prepared as follows :-lo kilos. of light, ground malt, 30 grams of sodium hydrogen carbonate, and 12 to 14 litres of water are heated a t 40°, digested for two hours, the liquid drawn off, and 6 to 8 litres more water added. After some time, the second supply of water is drawn off, added to the firstl liquor, heated at 65", and passed through a sieve: twice the volume of alcohol is added and the clear solution drawn off ; the residue containing the diastase is treated with a little warm distilled water, the solution separated from the undis- solved albuminoids, and precipitated with alcohol. It is dried a t 50" and then powdered.V. H. V. The yield is 1 to 1+ per cent. N. H. M. Pyridinepolycarboxylic Acids. By J. WEBER (Annulen, 241, 1-32) .-Carbodinicotinic acid, or 2 : 3 : 5-pyridinetricarboxylic acid, cannot be obtained directly from pyridinetetracarboxylic acid, but 1 t can be prepared by starting from symmetrical lutidinedicarboxylic acid. On oxidation with the theoretical quantity of potassium per- manganate, a-meth ylcarbodinicotiriic mid (2 : 3 : 5 a-picolinetricarb- oxylic acid), C,NHMe(COOH)3, is formed. It is isolated by acidtfg- ing the crude product with acetic acid and adding barium chloride. The precipitate is washed and decomposed by a slight excess,o€ dilute sulphuric acid. On evaporating the filtrate, a-methylcarbodinicotinic acid is deposited in crystalline masses.The acid crystallises with 1 mol. H,O. It, turns yellow at 170°, and melts with decomposition a t 2 ' 2 6 O , forming a crystalline sublimate ; if kept at a temperature of 150" for some time, it is converted into a-methyldinicotinic acid. The free acid forms precipitates in solutions of silver, lead, mercurous, cadmium, and zinc salts, also with barium and calcium salts in the presence of ammonia. The copper and silver salts, and the acid potas- sium salt, C,NHMe(COOH), + C,NHMe(COOH)2.COOK + 6H20, are crystalline. a-Hethyldinicotinic acid, C,NH2Me(COOH)2 + H20 [Me : (COOH),1118 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. = 2 : 3 : 51, is soluble in hot water, and is deposited on slowly coolinq the solution in needle-shaped crystals. The acid melts between 245" and 250" with decomposition.The neutral solution gives crystalline precipitates with lead (C,H,NO,Pb + 2H20) and cadmium salts, and amorphous precipitates with the salts of silver and mercury. The hydrochloride, C8H7N04,HC1 + 1 or 14H20, forms transparent cr,ystals which rapidly become opaque on exposure to the air. Carbodinicotinic acid, C,NH,(COOH), + l+H,O, is formed by the Oxidation of the preceding acid with potassium permanganate. Nitrate of silver is added to the crude solution, the precipitate is dissolved in the minimum quantity of boiling nitric acid, and on cooling, the acid silver salt, crystallises out. The free acid is liberated by the action of hydrogen sulphide on the silver salt. It dissolves freely in hot water, and forms colourless crystals. Prolonged heating at 150" completely converts the acid into dinicotinic acid which melts at 323" with decomposition.p- Carbociirchomeronic acid (3 : 4 : 5-pyridinetricarboxylic acid), CjNH,(COOH), + 3H20, can be prepared by converting 4-phenyl- pyridinetetracarboxylic acid into 4-phenyldinicotinic acid and oxidising the phenyl in this acid to carboxyl. Amuch better yield is obtained by heating pyridinepentacarboxylic acid or its acid potassium salt, C5N(COOH),(C00K)2 + 3$H20. The crude product is converted into t'he silver salt, which is decomposed by hydrochloric acid yielding a mixture of cinchomeronic and p-carbocinchomeronic acids. The former is sparingly soluble in water. P-Carbocinchomeronic acid crys- tallises in plates and melts with decomposition a t 261". The silver salt, C5NH,(COOAg), + 2H20, and the calcium and barium salts are crys- t R I line.Berberolzic a.cid is neither identical with p-carbocinchomeronic acid nor with carbodinicotinic acid. It must therefore be regarded as a'-carbocinchomeronic acid. Symmetrical and unsymmetrical pyridinetetracnrboxylic acids have been prepared, but not the " consecutive " isomeride 2: 3 : 4 : 5-pyri- dinetetracarboxylic acid. Lutidinetricarboxylic acid is converted into 2 : 4-dimethyldinicotinic acid [Mez : (COOH)2 = 2 : 4 : 3 : 51 at 175" ; this crystallises in yellow needles containing 2 mols. H,O. The acid loses its water of crystallisation at 130" and melts at 255" with decom- position. The pZatinoc7~7oride, (C,NH,0,)2,H,PtCI,, forms orange-coloured plates, and is decomposed by water.On oxidation with potassium permanganate, 2 : 4-dimethyldinicotinic acid yields a mixture of pyridinetetracarb- oxylic and 4-methylcarbodinicotinic acids. The tetracnrboxylic acid [ (COOH), = 2 : 3 : 4 : 51 crystallises in prisms containing 2 or 3 mols. H,O. At 120" it begins to lose carbonic anhydride, yielding p-carbo- cinchomeronic acid. The barium salt, C9NH08Ba2 + 4&0, is pre- cipitated on adding barium chloride to a solution of ammonium pyridinetetracarboxylate. The add silver salt, is precipitated on the addition of silver nitrate to the acid in the presence oE a small quantity of nitric acid. The hydrochloride crystallises with 1 or & mol. H,O. C~NH(COOH)(COOAg), + CJVH(COOAg), + 1H,O,ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 1119 4- Methylcrcrbodinicotinic ocid or 2 : 3 : 5-picolinetricarboxyrylic acid, [Me : (COOH), = 4 : 2 : 3 : 51, is less soluble in water than the tetra- carboxylic acid. It crystallises with 1 mol.H,O in needles and with 2 mols. H,O in prisms, When the acid is heated ai; 205", it turns yellow and slowly loses carbonic anhydride, forming a black porous mass ; at 2SS-260" a rapid evolution of gas takes place, and the mass swells up to three or four times its original volume. The free acid produces in silver, lead, coppel., and mercurous salts precipitates which become crystalline after a time. In presence of ammonia, the acid gives crystalline precipitates with calcium and barium salts, In hot solu- tions, cadmium sulphate produces a crystalline precipitate which re- dissolves on cooling. Ferrous sulphate gives rise to a deep-red coloration.The constitution of the acid is verified by the fact, that the calcium salt on dry distillation yields the y-picoline described by Lange (Abstr., 1186, 256). w. c. w. New Dimethoxyquinoline. By G. GOLDSCHMIEDT (Monatsh. Chem., 8, 342-348).-In the course of experiments made to ascertain the position of the methoxy-groups in papaverine, the author prepared a dimethoxyquinoline from the nitro-compound of veratric acid, COOH*CsH,(OMe)z = (1 : 3 : 4), by reducing this with tin and hydro- chloric acid, and directly condensing the stannochloride of amido- veratric acid with glycerol, according to Skraup's method. The dimethoxyquinoline so obtained was an oil, the boiling point of which was not determined. The hydrochloride obtained by dis- solving the base i n dilute hydrochloric acid forms large, white needles, easily soluble in water, sparingly in alcohol.The platinochloride is a bright yellow, crystalline powder. The picrate is obtained in slender, yellow needles, which melt at 257" with violent decomposition. The chromate consists of a bright yellow, crystalline powder. The position of the nitrogen to the methoxy-groups in this com- pound is not certain, since the position of the nitro-group in the nitroveratric acid is not definitely known, but the most probable position is [OMe : 0Me : NOz = 2 : 3 : 41. G. H. M. Synthesis of Hydroxyquinolinecarboxylie Acid. By E. LIPPMANN and F. FLEISSNER (Monutsh. Chem., 8,311-326).-The pre- paration and properties of this acid have been previously described (this vol., p.63) ; the authors, however, find that a larger yield is obtained when a smaller quantity of potassium hydroxide is used than was previously recommended. The pyridinedicarboxylic acid obtained by oxidation with alkaline permanganate has now been identified with Hoogewerff and van Dorp's quinolinic acid, since when heated it loses carbonic anhydride, and is converted into nicotinic acid. This acid must therefore be orthohydroxyquinoliiiecarb- oxyiic acid. When brominated, the acid yields dibromhydroxy- quinoline. When o-hydroxyquinolinecarboxylic acid is treated with nascent hydrogen in acid solution, it yields tetrahydrohydroxyqzLinolinecarb- oxylic acid. This forms brilliant, quadratic crystals, which melt at 265" with decomposition; it is sparingly soluble in water and alcohol,1120 ABSTRACTS OF CHENICAL PAPERS. insoluble in benzene, ether, or chloroform.The aqueous solution has an acid reaction, reduces silver nitrate, and gives precipitates with salts of the heavy metals. Iron salts give a characteristic cherry- red coloration with the acid soliition. Dilute nitric acid gives the nitrate, which forms brownish-yellow needles. The subhate and acetate are sparingly soluble in water. The nitrosn- compound forms a white crystalline precipitate melting a t 195", which is slightly soluble in water or dilute acid, with a cherry-red coloration. When treated with ethyl iodide and alcohol, the tetrahydro-acid gives the hydriodide of eth!/ltrihydrohlldroxypuinolinecarboxlllic acid, which forms large white needles, easily soluble in hot water, more sparingly in cold.Etkyltrihydro hydroa ypuino linecarbox y 1 ic acid is obtained in beautiful prisms, when the hydriodide is decomposed with ammonia; it, melts a t 220°, and is very sparingly soluble in all solvents. Measurement of the crystals gave a : b : c = 1 : 1.510 : ?. Parahydrox2/quinolinecarboxylic acid is obtained when parahydroxy- quinoline, soda, and carbon tetrachloride are mixed in alcoholic solution, and the whole boiled for 2 to 3 hours. When purified, the acid separates -as a white, flocculent precipitate, which melts a t 220", and gives a blood-red coloration with iron chloride. The bariuni salt forms slightly soluble, stellate prisms ; the copper, silver, and lead salts are almost absolutely insoluble.The hydrochloride obtained by dis- solving the acid in dilute hydrochloric acid is easily soluble in hot water, sparingly in cold ; when dried over lime, it does not lose hydro- chloric acid, thus differing from the analogous ortho-compound. The platinochloride is a dark-yellow, crystalline powder. Attempts to form a hydro-acid were unsuccessful. When oxidised with alkaline potassium permanganate, the acid yields quinoliaic acid, so that this acid must also be regarded as a parahydroxyquinolinecrtrboxylic acid. Tetramethyldiquinolyline from Benzidine. By C. SCHESTOPAL (Ber., 20, 2506-2510). - Tetrawiathyldiquinolyl isle, C22H20N2, is obtained by heating benzidine (1 mol.) with acetone (4 mols.) and concentrated hydrochloric acid at 180" for two days, and subsequently precipitating the base with an alkali; methane is formed during the reaction.A second method of preparation consists in saturating it mixture of acetone and yaraldehyde in molecular proportions with hydrogen chloride, and after some hours heating the product with benzidine and concentrated hydrochloric acid in a reflux apparatus. The base crystallises in nacreous scales, melts a t 232", and is insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in ether, and readily soluble in alcohol. The hydrochloride, C22H,oN2,2KCl, crystallises in white,. glistening needles, and is readily soluble in water, sparingly soluble in alcohol ; the sulphate, C22HzoN2,H2S04, crystallises from water in small, white needles, and from alcohol in large, rhombic prisms ; the dichrornate, C,,H,N,,H,Cr20,, crystallises in small, orange-yellow needles, which become brown on exposure to light, and are sparingly soluble in water ; the platinochloride, C,2H20N2,H2PtCI,, crystallises in flat, reddish-yellow needles, and the picrate is insoluble in water and cold alcohol.The methiodide, Cz2HzoN2,2MeI, crystallises in yellow needles, melts at about 27U" with decomposition, and is readily soluble in water and alcohol, G. H. M.ORGANIC CHEXISTHP. 1121 insoluble in ether ; the ethiodide, C2,H,,N,,2EtI, crystallises in large, flat, straw-coloured needles, melts a t 158" with decomposition, and is soluble in alcohol and water, insoluble in ether ; the hydrochloride of the chloriodide, C,2HzoN,,21C1,2HCl, forms slender, flesh-coloured needles.When the base is heated with benzaldehyde in the presence of zinc chloride a t 180" for 4 to 5 hours, a compound is obtained, which crvstallises froiii alcohol in large, vellow needles. The constitution o f this tetramethyldiquinolylile ' is probably represented by the CH : CMe CMe * CH formula < CMe : N >C6H3*C6H3< N : CMe >. w. P. w. Pyrasolone-derivatives from Ethyl Benzoylacetate. By L. KNORR and C. KLOTZ (Ber., 20, 2545--2550).-Ethyl beneoylaceta te, like ethyl acetoacetate, reacts with phenylhydrazine, and yields diphenylpyrazolone, and inasmuch as ethyl succinosuccinate (Abstr., 1884, 1380) and ethyl oxalacetate (this vol., p. 234) also form pyrazolone-derivatives under similar conditions, this reaction seems to be characteristic for ethyl salts of ketonic acids of the general f ormnla ROC; 0 CH2*C OOE t.Diphenylpyraxolone, r J P h < ~ o ~ ~ ~ > , obtained by the action of phenylhydrazine on ethyl benzoylacetate, melts a t 137", and is very sparingly soluble in water, sparingly soluble in ether and light petro- leum, readily soluble in alcohol, chloroform, benzene, and acetic acid. The hydrochloride, CI,Hl,N,O,HCl, crystallises in small, white needles, and is readily soluble in alcohol ; the sulphate, CI5H,,N2O,HZSO4, melts a t 237". On treatment of its alkaline solution with sodium nitrite, isonitrosodiphenylpyrazolone, C,N,Ph,O : NOH is formed ; this melts at 197-200". DLpheny @yrazoZoneaxobenzene, CJHN2Ph20*N2Ph, is ob- tained when diazobenzene chloride is added to a cooled solution of diphenylpyrazolone in acetic acid ; it crystallises in matted needles, and melts a t 170-171".Diphenylpyrazolone, when heated with an excess of benzaldehyde, is converted into benzylidenediphenylpyraxolone, C,N,Ph,O : CHPh, which crystallises in slender needles, and melts a t 147" ; when, how- ever, an excess of diphenylpyrazolone is employed, benzylidene-bis-di- p l w ~ y l p y r ~ ~ z o l o n e , C3HN,Ph,0*CHPh*C3HN2Ph20, is also obtained ; this forms colourlcss crystals, melting at about 220". Bis-dzjdienyZpyrnzo- lone, C30H22N402, is formed by the oxidation of diphenylpyrazolone with phenylhydrazine a t the boiling point ; it melts above 350". On treatment with methyl alcohol and methyl iodide a t 100" in a sealed tube, diphenylpyrazolone yields diphenylmethylpyrazolone, NPh<NMe.CPh>.This compound crystallises in white needles, melts a t 1N0, and is sparingly soluble in hot water, ether, and light petroleum, readily soluble in alcohol and acetic acid. The hydro- chloride, C,H14N20,HC1, crystallises in satiny needles, and is decom- posed by water ; the ferrocyanide, (C,6H14N,o),,H4Fe(CN)6, is a white, crystalline precipitate ; the picrate, ~,6H14~,o,C6H,(No,)~oH, melts a t 170". With bromine, diphenylmethylpyrazolone yields an additive product, which on treatment with water is converted inlo the substi- co-CH1122 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. tntion derivative ClsHl,NzOBr ; this melts at 110-120", and is soluble in water. w. P. w. Weyl's Reaction for Creatinine. By J. GUARESCHI (Chew,. Centr., 1887, 58O).-Weyl has shown that a red coloration is produced on the addition of a few drops of sodium nitroprusside and soda, to a solution of creatinine ; Salkowsky has further shown that the addition of acetic acid causes a bluish-green coloration. According to the author, this reaction is not restricted to creatinine, hut is common also to substances allied to it, such as thio- and methyl-hydantojin, and compounds derived from them.Thus if carbamide or thiocarbamide is melted with an amido-acid, the product gives the above reaction. I t is apparently characteristic of compounds containing the glycollyl- group (;H2*C0, associated with two nitrogen-atoms. V. H. V. Cryptopine and its Salts. By E. KAUDER (Pharm. J.Tram. [3], 18, 250) .-To the mother-liquor from which codeine, narce'ine, thehaine, and papaverine have been separated iu the usual way, sodium hydroxide is added in excess, and the resulting precipitate is washed with hot water, and redissolved by hydrochloric acid.The solution on cooling forms a gelatinous mass, which changes in two or three days into soft crystals. These are collected, redissolved in hot water, the hot solution filtered through charcoal, and allowed to cool, when it gela- tinises and crystallises. The dried crystals are finally dissolved in hot alcohol, from which on cooling pure white crystals of cryptopine hydrochloride are obtained in soft masses, but without any gelatinous character. From a warm aqueous solution of this salt, ammonia pre- cipitates the alkaloid in minute crystah. Crjptopine undergoes little or no decomposition when treated with hydrochloric acid, thus differ- i n g from other opium alkaloids.The normal sulphate of cryptopine does not crystallise ; the acid snlphate gelatinises as the solution cools, and the jelly shows but slight signs of cry stallisation after remaining for weeks. Normal cryptopine meconate is not soluble in cold, but is slightly so in boiling water. The analytical results correspond with the formula (Cz1HaOS)2C7Hd07 + 10HzO. Probably it is in this form that cryptopine exists in opium, all kinds of which contain it in varying amounts. Its physiological effects have not yet been examined. R. R. Cinchona Alkaloids. By W. J. COMSTOCK and W. KOENIGS (Ber., 20, 2510 - 2567). - The action of bromine on cirichine in chloroform solution (this vol., p.282) gives rise to two cinchine dibromides in about equal proportions ; that already de- scribed is now termed a- and its isomeride p-cinchine dibromide. The two compounds can readily be separated by treatment with hot, dilute hydrobromic acid, since the a-dibromide crystallises out in concentrically-grouped needles, whilst the P-dibromide remains in solution. a-Cinchine dibromide crystallises in monoclinic forms ; a : b : c = 0.95699 : 1 : 0.86861 ; /3 = 65" 52' ; observed faces, mPm, mP, sm, and + P. &-Ginchine dibromide melts at 133 - 134", anti crystallises in rhombic forms ; a : b : c = 0.55524 : 1 : 1.2017 j observedORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 1123 2P2 faces, Pm, Pm, OP, and + -2 . The a-dibromide is not converted into the p-compound or vice vers6 by prolonged heating a t 130", and i t is somewhat more soluble in alcohol and ether than its isomeride.Hot dilute nitric acid dissolves the a-dibromide, and the nitrate on cooling separates in colourless crystals ; whilst the @-derivative, when similarly treated, is obtained in a form resembling that of recently precipitated silica. Both compounds yield zincochlorides, which cryst,allise in colourless needles, and melt almost simultaneously at about 250". The dibromides separated from the nitrates or zinc salts melt at their original temperatures, although both are converted into the same dehydrocinohine on treatment with alcoholic potash. Cinchonine, on bromination in a mixture of alcohol and chloroform at the ordinary temperature, also yields two dibromides, and these can be separated by the method employed with the a-cinchine-deri- vatives.The a-dibromide, the isomeride already described (Zor. cit.), crystallises with 1 mol. H20, whilst the &compound crybtallised under similar conditions is always an hydrous. Both derivatives yield sparingly soln ble salts, which seem to crystallise differently, and the hydrobromide of the 8-compound is more readily soluble in hot, dilute hydrobromic acid. Chinine dibrowide, C20H22Br2N20, is obtained by the action of bro- mine dissolved in chloroform on a chloroform solution of chinine. The hydrobromide, C,oH22Br2N20,2HBr + 2H20, is a citron-yellow, crystalline mass, sparingly soluble in cold water, alcohol, and excess of hydrobromic acid. When the base is heated with alcoholic potash for seven to eight hours, it yields dehydrochinine, C20H20N20, which, after repeated recrystallisation of its tartrate, is obtained as a thick oil, slowly solidifying to a mass of long needles.It crystallises with at least, 3 mols. HzO, melts above 40", and is almost insoluble in water, readily soluble in alcohol, wood-spirit, and ether. The solution in sulphuric acid has an intense greenish-blue fluorescence, and on the addition of chlorine and ammonia becomes green. The hydrobromide forms yellow crystals, and is readily soluble in water, less so in alcohol. Hy drochloroquinine, C20H25C1N,02, is formed when quinine hydro- chloride is treated with 10 times its weight of hydrochloric acid saturated a t -17", and allowed to remain for a week at the ordinary temperature; the base is precipitated by ammonia and purified by conversion into its nitrate, which is then repeatedly crystallised from very dilute nitric acid.It melts at It;6-187", and is insoluble in water, but crystallises well from ether and alcohol. The nitrate forms colourless crystals, is very sparingly soluble iu dilute nitric acid, and its aqueous solution fluoresces an intense blue, and gives the green coloration on treatment with chlorine-water and ammonia. Hydrobrornoyuinine, CloH2,BrN2O2, obtained by the action of hydro- lcromic acid saturated a t -li", on quinine dihydrobromide in the cold, yields a well-crystallised acid hydrochloride and hydrobromide ; the latter has the composition CmH25E(rNz02,2HBr. Neither the hydro- chloro- nor the hydrobromo-qninine are soluble in aqueous potash, but on treatment for 50 days at the ordinary temperature with 10 times1124 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.its weight of hydrobromic acid saturated a t -17", acid quinine hydro- bromide yields a cornpound, C20H27Br3N202, which dissolves com- pletely in dilute aqueous potash, and is precipitated from the solution by carbonic anhydride. It i d soluble in ether, and its solution in sulphuric acid shows no fluoresceuce. HlldrochlorocinclLonine, C19H23C1Nz0, obtained in a similar manner from cinchonine hydrochloride, melts at 21 2-213". The dihydro- chloride crystallises in well-formed prisms. When the base is heated with alcoholic potash for 10 to 12 hours, it loses chlorine and seems to be converted, like the hydrobromo-derivative, into isocin- chonine and a small quantity of cinchonine.Hydro bromocinchonine, C19H2J3rN20, prepared similarly from cinchonine dihydrobromide, is identical with the base obtained by Skraup (Arznalen, 201, 324), and when heated with silver oxide, yields as stated by him silver bromide and an organic base of peculiar odour recalling that of acetamide and piperidine ; this change, however, does not occur in the cold. The same odour is produced when hydrobromocinchonine is heated with dilute sulphuric acid and lead dioxide or manganese dioxide with the addition of some silver sulphate, and the product afterwards saturated with an alkali; cinchonic acid is also formed during the oxidation with manganese dioxide. Isocinchonine, CI9Hz,Nz0, is formed when hydrobromocinchonine (1 part) is heated in a retlux apparatus with potassium hydroxide (2 parts), and alcohol (30 parts), until the base is free from bromine.At the same time, cinchonine is also obtained, and the two bases are separated by treatment with ether; the small quantity of cinchonine is then removed by converting the residue obtained from the ethereal solution into the zincochloride, and crystallising from aqueous zinc chloride, in which solvent the isocinchonine compound is sparingly soiuble in the cold. Isocinchonine melts a t 125-127", and, unlike cinchonine, is extremely soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, carbon bisulphide, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. With acids, it yields for the most part soluble salts, and when carefully heated in small quantity volatilises without decomposition.The xincochloride, ~19HzzNz0,2HC1,ZnCl~, crystallises in small, colourless needles aud melts a t 260-262'. Hydrobromocinchine, C19H,,BrN2, obtained by dissolving cinchine in 10 times its weight of hydrobromic acid saturated in a freezing mixture of ice arid salt, and allowing the solution to remain for two days, crystallises from ether in monoclinic forms; a : b : c = 0.85412 : 1 : 0.82801 ; 6 = 63" 7' ; and is isomorphous with 3-cinchine dibromide (m. p. = 113"). It melts between 105" and 116", and dissolves readily in alcohol, ether, &c., but only sparingly in light petroleum. The zincochloride crystallises well. Cinchine does not seem to form addi- tion compouncls with 2 mols. of a haloid acid or 2 mols.of bromine. P-Cinchine dibromide, for example, when treated with bromine in chloroform solution, yields a perbromide, which is converted into the unaltered base on the addition of sodium hydrogen sulphite ; whilst cinchine, when heated with coiicentrated hydrobromic acid at loo", yields a base which could not be crystallised, and which seems to contain somewhat less bromine than hydrobromocinchine.ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 11.35 H~Jdrobro?nodehydrocinchonine, C19H21BrN20, is prepared by allowing a solution of dehydrocinchonine in concentrated hydrobromic acid to remain for eight days. It forms anhydrous crystals, and melts at about 235". The corresponding dehydrocinchonine dibromide could not be prepared by the action of bromine on dehydrocinchonine in chloroform solution, but under these conditions a crystalline base melting a t 288" is obtained, whose composition approximates to that of a monobrornodehydrocinchoninc, C19H,9BrN20. Pyridine-derivatives do not seem t o form halogenated compounds when treated with hydrobromic acid saturated at - 17" ; thus pyridine and quinoline are unaltered in the cold or when heated a t 140" with the acid ; tetrahydroquinoline is unaffected in the cold, and the tertiary base, C,H,,N, obtained by Fischer and Steche (this vol., pp.588 and 976), which is probably a partially hydrogenated quinoline-derivative, and methyllepidone are similarly unattacked. From considerations based on the oxidation of cinchonine and quinine with chromic acid, the authors regard it as improbable that the quinoline-group in the molecule is hydrogenated, and since these alkaloids, together with cinchine and dehydrocinchonine, readily combine with a molecule of hydrogen bromide or chloride, it is evident that the addition must occur in the complex C,H16N0, which seems to have the same con- stitntion for both alkaloids.w. P. w. Preparation of Aconitine. By J. WILLrhMs (Pharm. J. Trans. [3], 18, 238-240).--The dried, coarsely ground root of Aconitum ?hapellus is exhausted with amyl alcohol, the solution is agitated with very dilute sulphuric acid (1 : 600), the alkaloid is precipitated from the acid by sodium carbonate, and then dissolved either in alcohol or in ether, and allowed t o crystallise. The necessary pre- cautions are detailed in the original. R. R. Curare. By R.BOEHM (Chern. Centr., 1887, 520).-Besides the active principle, curarine, contained in curare, the author has found a second base, cinrrine, which has no actiou oil the organism. This is a white, microcrystalline substance, soluble in water, readily soluble in alcohol, chloroform, and in dilute acids. The solutions give a thick, white precipitate with metaphosphoric acid. The separation of curarine is effected by means of platinic chloride ; it is a yellow substance. 0.35 mgrm. is sufficient to kill a rabbit weighing 1 kilo. ; 0.003-0*005 mgrm. will kill a frog. N. H. M. The Alkaloids of Coca Leaves. By 0. HESSE (Pharm. J. Trans. [3], 18, 71).-The autlior dissents from Stockman's opinion t,haf amorphous cocaine is a solution of true cocaine in hygrine. Coca leaves finely divided, and extracted by ether, give on agitation of the ethereal solution with hydrochloric acid, a liquid which although a t first non-fluorescent, after a time becomes distinctly fluorescent, thus showing that hygrine is a product of subsequent decomposition. The amorphous bases easily separated from cocaine, give a platinum salt containing 18.44 per cent.platinum ; but these are not homogeneous, for the author has been able to separate by fractional precipitation a1126 ABSTRACTS OF CZIEMICAL PAPERS. well-defined base, which he has called cocamine. This has the same composition as cocaine, CI7Hz1NO~ ; it dissolves readily in ether, alcohol, or chloroform, and on evaporation remains in an amorphous condition. Its hydrochloride, C17HzlN04,HC1, is amorphous, neutral, and soluble in water and alcohol ; when dried at 120" it loses weight, and eventually becomes insoluble in cold water.R. R. Separation of Hygrine from Cocaine. By W. C. HOWARD P h a u n . J . Trans. [3J, 18, 71).--In a liquor containing cocai'ne, hygrine, &c., neutralised by hydrochloric acid, platinum chloride produces a doubtfully semi-crystalline precipitate, part of which was insoluble in water at 80'. The base of the fioluble part, the author identified as cocaine. The insoluble platinum salt was found by two experiments to contain platinum, 18.48 per cent. and 18.6 per cent., and when decomposed in the usual way, it yielded a base that gave no cry stallisable chloride, did not smell of trimethylnmine, had a bitter taste, and was not decomposed by hot water; in which characters it differs from hygrine as described by Lossen (AnnuZen, 121, 374).Therefore, either Lossen's base was impure, or the author's is a different one, and amorphous coca'ine may have no existence, but may be merely a solution of cocafue in the base above described. R. R. Higher Homologues of Coca'ine. By F. G. Now (Pharm. J. Tram, [ 31, 18, 233--234).-These substances were prepared by heating beuzoylecgonine with the homologues of methyl iodide. BthyEbensoyZecgonhe, CI~HI~E~NO,, forms white, silky crystals or large monoclinic prisms, melts at 107-108", and resolidifies at 90". The hydrochloride crystallises in colourless needles or prisms ; the platinochloride, (C,,H,,NO4),,H,PtCl,, forms yellow, rhombic plates ; the aurochloride is obtained as a voluminous, yellowish-white pre- cipitate.Bromethylbenzoylecgonine, prepared from benzoy lecgonine and ethylene bromide, CzH4Br*CleH18NOa, could only be obtained as a colourless syrup. Propylbenzoy Eecgmine, Cl6Hl8PrNo4, crystallises in silky needles or colourless prisms, melts at 78-79.5", and reaolidifies at 63" ; it has a very bitter taste and is a powerful anaesthetic. ~sobzcty Zbenzoy Z e c g ~ ~ n e , C4H&J318N04, cryetallises in short, colour- less prisms, melts at 61-62_", has an intensely bitter taste and power- f d l y anaesthetic properties. The hydrochloride forms a hard, vitreous, yellow mass. A. J. G. By I?. K R ~ ~ G E R (Zeit. Biol., 24, 47-66) .-The results of the present investigation corroborate Kupff er's statement that the absorption coefficient of oxyhaemoglobin increases each time the oxyhaemoglobin is recrystal- lised.In determining the absolute amount of hsemoglobin in blood by means of the spectrophotometer, it is best oiily to recrystallise once, as each recrystallisation increases the error of observation. The use of dilute ammonia in the preparation of bmoglobin Absorption of Light by Oxyhaemoglobin.PHTEIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRT. 1127 crpskals as recommended by Schmidt increases their solubility in water. J. P. L. Action of Reducing Agents on Haematin and Occurrence of the Products of Reduction in Pathological Urine. By C. LE SOBEL (Chew,. Centr., 1887, 538).-When hEmatin is reduced in acid or alkaline solution, iron is eliminated and haematoporphyrin is formed.Afterwards hcematoporphyrozr7in (differing from hsematoporphyrin in solubility but nearly identical in its spectroscopic properties) is formed. The hematoporphyroidin is then transformed into Mac- Munn’s urohzmatin, to which the author gives the name isohcemato- porphyrin and lastly urobilinofdin is formed. This resembles urobilin in some of its properties; it can readily be converted into isohe- matoporphyrin and hexahydrohaematoporphyrin. Maly’s hydro- bilirubin is not identical with Jaffe’s urobilin. There is no connection between the colouring matter of blood and Jaffe’s urobilin. I n some pathological conditions, in which it may be assumed the colourixig matter of blood has decomposed, the above products of reduction occur in urine. N. H. M. Hernialbumose. By AXENFELD (Arch.Pharm. [3], 25, 696- 697).-Pyrogallol is a better precipitant for this albuminoid than either ammonium sulphate, or nitric or picric acids, as more dilute solutions can be employed. Its sensibility is 10 times that of nitric acid, The author has detected hemialbumose in meal, bread, leguminous seeds, milk, and cheese. The usual method of detection consists in the precipitation of hemialbumose at the ordinary tempera- ture by nitric acid, and solution of this precipitate on warming, but the pyrogallol test succeeds where this test fails. In milk after precipitating the casein by acetic acid, and the albumin and para- globulin by magnesium sulphate, 0.13 per cent. of hemialbumose was found in cow’s milk and 0.29 per cent. in human milk. All animal tissues excepting nerve and muscle substance contain hemialbumose.J. T.1088 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.Organic Chemistry.Detection of certain Hydrocarbons in Alcohols. By H. N.WARREN (Chem. News, 56, 64).-A sample of wood-naphtha saturatedwith calcium chloride and fractionated, yielded a fraction boiling a t160-180”, which assumed a tine blood-red colour on the addition ofan alkali, baryta with soda being the best for the purpose. Thissubstance was also detected in several samples of light petroleum,methyl amyl and other alcohols, and amongst the products of theaction of chlorine ou coal-gas.Ethyl Isobutyl Ether.It has not been further examined.D. A. L.By A. MEISSLER (Chenz. Centr., 1887,479).-Ethyl isobutyl ether is contained in that fraction of the pro-duct of 1,he action of alcoholic potash on isobutyl bromide which boilsat 60-115”.Sodium disolved i n ethyl alcohol also acts on isobutylchloride, but much more slowly than in the case of the bromide.N. H. 31.So-called Ally1 Trisulphide. By R. NASINI and A. SCALA(Gnzzetta, 17, 236-240).-1n the course of the action of sodiumamalgam on a, mixture of ethyl iodide and carbon bisulphide, Lowigand Scholz ( J . pr. Chem., 79, 441) obtained a liquid of disagreeableodour, to which they ascribed the formula CBHIoS3, or (C3H,),S3, re-garding it as an allyl-derivative. Their results have not at presentbeen controverted, although several writers of manuals have doubteORGANIC CHEXIISTRY. 1089the validity of their conclusions. Accordingly, the authors haverepeated the experiments, and find that provided all the materialsand containing vessels are dry, the only reaction occurring is thatbetween the sodium amalgam and the ethyl iodide ; in the presenceof moisture, however, a product is obtained similar to that obtainedby Lowig and Scholz.Analysis points to a formula, C,H,,S,, or t h a tof diethyl trithiocarbonate, CS(SHt), ; this substance when heatedslowly is decomposed into ethyl sulphide and carbon bisulphide ; buti f heated more rapidly it turns brown at 180", beginning to distil withdecomposition ; the greater part, Lowever, distils at 240°, as noted bySchweizer, Debus, and other observers. V. H. V.Ethereal Oil of Allium Ursinum. By F. W. SEMMLER (,4nnaZen,241, 90-150). -The ethereal oil of A Ua'urn uminum consists essentisllyof vinyl sulphide, but it also contains polysulphides of vinyl andminute quantities of a mercaptan and aldehyde.VinyZ sulphide isfreed from admixture with these substances by the action of metallicpotassium. Its sp. gr. is0.9125. By the action ofdry oxide of silver on the sulphide, vinyl oxide, (C,H,),O, is obtained,but it could not be completely separated from unaltered sulphide.The oxide boils a t 39.. If moist oxide of silver is substituted, vinylalcohol, C2H3-OH, is formed, which a t once changes into acetaldehyde.On oxidation with nitric acid, potassium permanganate, or chromicacid, vinyl sulphide splits up, yielding sulphnric and oxalic acidsand carbonic anhydride.When a concentrated alcoholic solutionof mercuric chloride is cautiously added t o an alcoholic solutionof vinyl sulphide, crystals are suddenly deposited. If the mercuricchloride is added too rapidly and in excess, the crjstals will onlyseparate after diluting the solution with water. I f too much water isadded, a voluminous, amorphous precipitate will be produced. Thecrystalline compound is soluble in absolute alcohol. Lts formation isrepresented by the following equation : 'L(C,H,),S + 2HgC1, =2CzH3cl,HgCl,,( CzH3),S, HgS. Ally1 eulphide forms an analogouscompound with mercuric chloride. If these mercury compounds areheated with potassium thiocyanate, the thiocarbimides of allyl andvinyl respectively are produced.The precipitate deposited on mixing alcoholic solutions of vinylsulphide and platinum cliloride is analogous in composit'ion t o theallyl compound described by Wertheim.Its formation is representedthus : ,3(C,H3),S + 2PtC14 = 4C,H,Cl,PtC1,,(C2H3),S,PtS,. Withsilver nitrate, vinyl sulphide forms a double salt, (C,H3),S,BAgNO3,analoEous to the allyl sulphide compound. It melts about 87", andturns yellow when treated with water. Vinyl sulphide absorbsbromine, forming the compound ( CZH3Br2)2S Br,, which boils withIt is a volatile liquid boiling at 101".Its odour resembles that of allyl sulphide.decomposition a t 195". w. c. w.Formation and Properties of Inosite and its Occurrence inthe Vegetable Kingdom. By R. PICK (Chem. Cerztr., 1887, 452-453).-Inosite is prepared by treating the fresh plant material withhot alcohol, and keeping the whole in SL closed vessel in a war1090 ABSTHBCTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.place for sereral days.The alcoholic solution is then separated,distilled, and t'he small aqueous residue purified by means of leadacetate, precipitated with basic lead acetate, and this precipitate, afterbeing washed, is decomposed with hydrogen sulphide. The filtrateis evaporated down, mixed with alcohol and left to crystallise. Thepresence of inosite is detected by means of Seidel's reaction (evapo-rating tthe solution to dryness with nitric acid, dissolving the residuein water, and adding a few drops of a solution of strontium acetate),a distinct riolet coloration with a slight green lustre is obtained,when only 0.3 mgrm.of inosite is present. A large number ofplants were found to contain inosite, b u t only in small amount.Tnositc melts at 225" (corr.)? dissolves in 7.5 parts of water at17-21'; it does not' ferment, and cannot be converted into a ferment-able sugar by acids. The acetyEcornpound, (&H7O6Ac5, melts at215.68" (con.), distils without change, and is soluble in alcohol,insoluble in water. N. H. M.Alcoholic Fermentation of Milk-sugar. By P. VIETB (AnaZyst,12, S--Ci).-The addition of yeast to milk or to a solution of milk-sugar does not set up alcoholic fermentation readily. Under theinfluence, however, of a special ferment known as kefir grains, milkundergoes a somewhat rapid alcoholic as well as lactic fermentation.These grains contain a bacillus, named Uiospora caucasica by Kern,and a modified form of Saccharomyces cerevisice (Abstr., 1883, 226;compare also Struve, Abstr., 1884, 1235).Alcohol is slowly developedwhen whey or milk is kept in closed vessels, and the marked diminu-tion in the amount of solid residue which occurs when smallquantities of milk are exposed to the air for a few days in a warmplace, seems also to be dno to alcoholic fermentation. M. J. S.Aldehyde Resin. By E. PUCHOT (Ann. Chem. Phys. [6], 9,422432).-Aldehyde resin washed two or three times with warm waterand exposed to air becomes hard and friable. It dissolves in alcoholand is reprecipitated by water. Analysis of two preparations gave theformula C48H640, nH20, n being equal to 4, but the amount ofwater is variable.When exposed to dry air, the resin gives off water,and its weight gradually reaches a minimum at which it remainsconstant for some time, and then increases. When the weight is atthe minimum, the substance has the composition C48H61010 = 8(C6H80) + On* which varies slightly wihh the rate of drying. When theincrease in weight has become constant, the composition is C48H61012= 8CsH80 + 04. If the resin is exposed to moist air, its weightincreases, and becomes constant after some weeks; if it is thenexposed to dry air, the weight diminishes until it reaches a new limit.The composition at this last stage is not constant, but approximatesto C4sH64012. The substance formed in contact with moist air isprobably a hydrate, but its composition was not determined.In some cases, the crude resin was first placed in dry air, thenbefore the loss of weight was complete, in moist air, and finally indry air again.After t h i s treatment, it had the composition C48H66013 = C&H64012 + HzO, but this result WAS not constant. In another caseORGANIC OHEJIISTRY. 1091the composition was C,8H,0,2. The change of weight which theresin undergoes shows that the increase of weight is not due to simplecombination with oxygen, but there is simultaneous loss of carbon,increased weight being always less than corresponds with theincreased percentage of oxygen. Either of the resins first mentionedincreases in weight i n moist air, but regains its original weight in dryair, the hydrate formed under the first conditions being decomposedin the dry air.Hydrates are obtained containing 2, 3, 5, or '7 mols.H20.The resin was placed alternately several times in dry air and inair saturated with the vapour from a saturated solution of sodiumchloride. The dry substance had the composition C4,H6,0,d. In themoist atmosphere, there is an increase in the percentage of oxygen,but a decrease in the percentge of carbon, which may be due either toformation of a hydrate or to oxidation with simultaneous loss of carbon.From these results, it follows that crude aldehyde resin loses water,and forms the compound C48H,0,, or S(CsH,O) + 02, which may beregarded as an oxidised polymeride of trialdane. This substanceyields more highly oxidised products which may be regarded ashydrated oxides of the same aldane.Members of the latter series absorbwater from a moist atmosphere, and form hydrates which decomposein dry air. When aldehyde resin is gradually heated from 120' tothe boiling point of sulphur, it undergoes condensation. Water andan oily liquid are given off, and a non-volatile residue containing a,high percentage of carbon is left in the retort. C. H. B.Chloracetones. By C. CLOEZ (Ann. Chiin. Phys. [6], 9, 145-221).-The author has prepared aud examined all the chlorine-derivatives of acetone which are theoretically possible if the generallyaccepted formula is correct. A Rhort history of the derivatives pre-viously known is given, together with full bibliographical references.The material employed was commercial acetone purified by fractiona-tion and conversion into the hydrogen sodium sulphite compound. Theauthor investigated the action of chlorine : (1) on cold acetone ; ('3) onacetone which at first was cold but afterwards was heated to 100" ;(3) on well-cooled acetone containing iodine; and (4) on boilingacetone containing iodine.No advantage is gained by the presenceof iodine, and in fact the iodo-products which are formed in smallquantity decompose during distillation and render purification verydifficult. The iodine cannot be removed by means of iron ormercury. All fractions boiling above 125-130' should be distilledunder reduced pressure. The final product in all four cases istetrachloracetone.Monochloracetone is most readily prepared by Barbaglia's method(Ber., 7, 467) of passing chlorine into well-cooled acetone for severaldays ; a current of water is sufficient for this purpose, a freezing mixtureis not necessary. I t isvery slightly soluble in water, but dissolves i n all proportions in alcohol,ether, and chloroform.It does not form a crystalline hydrate, andvolatilises readily in water-vapour. When freshly prepared, it has noirritating odour, but after exposure to air for some days it gives offIt boils at 117-118"; sp. gr. at 13" = 1.1581092 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.irritating vapours. It can, however, be purified by washing witha very dilute solution of an alkali.Monochloracetone is readily attacked by chlorine in the cold.Bromine has little effect in the cold, but at 100" energetic reactiontakes place with formation of chlorotribromacetone.With potassium,i t forms potassium chloride, toqether with red and brown productswhich probably contain the acetyl carbinol obtained by Emmerling bythe action of potassium or potassium carbonate on bromacetone.Ammonia produces ammonium chloride and the amido-derivatire,CONle*CH,*NH,, which when distilled with potash yields methyl-amine. It follows that monochlwracetone has the constitutionCOMe*CH,Cl.The action of a warm concentrated solution of pdash on dichlor-hydrin yields a liquid closely resembling monochloracetone in itsphysical properties. It boils a t 118-119" ; sp. gr. at 11' = 1.194.Itcombines with hydrochloric and acetic acids, forming derivatives ofglycerol, and it also combines wibh water. With alcoholic ammonia,it yields the badly defined cornpound hemichiorhydramine,CJ3&1N02 ; this is evidently not an acetone-derivative, and it mostprobably bas the constitution CH,Cl*CH<-o~>. CHDichlomcetone is best prepared by the prolonged action of chlorineon well-cooled acetone. It boils at 120", whilst the monochloro-derivative boils a t ll?', but the two compounds may be separated bytaking advantage of the fact observed by Mu'lder and by Barbaglia,that the product obtained under these conditions has the composi-tion of the dichloracetone even in the fraction boiling a t 1 i O " . Thefraction boiling at 125-170" is collected separately and purified byfurther fractionation.The pare cornpound boils at 120" ; sp. gr. at15" = 1.234. It combines readily wit11 sodium h-j-drogen sulphite, andthe compound crystallises with 3 mols. HzOc Even when carefullypurified, the vapour acts energetically on the eyes, &c, bslt after sometime the organs become insensitive to its action. Ammoiiia acts rapidlyon dichloracetone, with formation of ammonium chloride and the baseCOMe*CHCb NH,, which yields methylamine when distilled withpotash.The product of the action of chlorine on cooled acetone has thecomposition of the dichloro-derivative even in the fraction boiling a t170', but on redistillation the boiling point is rediiced to 120".Barbaglia obtained a liquid which boiled at 165-170", and whencooled solidified to a mass of bulky, prismatic crystals melting at 44".I n its physical properties, this product resembles symmetrical di-cliloracetone, but with bromine it yields a dichlorodibroinacetoiieidentical with that obtained from unsymmetrical dichloracetone, andvery different from the corresponding compound obtained from thesymmetrical derivative.This high boiling fraction may be apolymeride.Symmetrical dichloracetone is obtained by the action of silver chlorideon the symmetrical diiodoacetone prepared by the action of iodinechloride on acetone in presence of water. It has a pungent odour, formscrystals which melt a t 44", and boils at, 170" without decompositionORGANIC GHEBIISTRY. 1093When dichlorhydrin is oxidised by means of a well-cooled mixture ofsulphuric acid and potassium dichromate, in the manner described byGrimaux and Adam, it yields a liquid which has the compositionof dichloracetone. When this product is cooled, it crystnllises inlarge needles melting a t 43- 44') which change spontaneously,especially in presence of ether, into short prisms with the samemelting point.It hoils at 170", has a very pungent odour, and inethereal or alcoholic solution is a most powerful caustic, producingvery severe burns. With ammonia, it forms an unstable compoundwhich crystallises in large plates.In diffused daylight, chlorine acts somewhat dowly on epichlor-hydrin. When the product is distilled and the fraction boiling a t160-180" is purified, it yields a liquid which boils a t 170" and hasthe composition CJi?Cl,*CH<~~~>, and is therefore an isomeride ofdichloracetone. With ammonia a t a low temperature, it yields itwhite, amorphous, unstable substance, almost insoluble in water,alcohol, and ether ; .this has the formula C,H4Cl2NO2, but its constitu-tion could not be determined.The dichloraoetone obtained from diiodoacetone is not identicalwith the so-called symmetrical dichloracotone obtained by the oxida-tion of dichlorhydrin. The action of bromine, potash, or oxidisingagents on dichlorhydrin yields derivatives which closely resemblederivatives of the acetones, but are never identical with them.Potashyields epichlorhydrin, which clossly resembles monochloracetone in itsphysical properties.Bromine yields a derivative to which the constitu-tion CO( CHCIBr), has been assigned. A compound, CHCI,*CO.CHBr,,can also be obtained from acetone. If the two compounds are treatedwith mercuik chloride the latter yields tetrachloracetone, whilst theformer yields a compound containing a lower percentage of chlorine.If ordinary dichloracetone and -the syminetpical dichloracetonefrom the iodo-derivative are treated with bromine, they both yielddichlorodibrornacetones, and when the latter are treated withmercuric chlaride the same symmetrical tetrschloracetorie is obtainedin both cases. When the pseudodichloracetone from dichlorhydrin istreated in the same way, the product is an isomeride of tetrachlor-acetone, very distinct from either of the compounds CO(CHCl,), andCCl,*CO*CHCl. Since only two tetrachloracetones can exist, i t followsthat the derivative from dichlorhydrin is not an acetone-derivative.Again, when dichloracetone and the pseudodichloracbtone are sub-jected to the action of chlorine in Bunlight, the products are verydifferent, although both have the composition of pentachloracstone.Only one pentachlomcetone is, however, possible.The pseudo-dichloracetone is a derivative of dichlophydrin, CH2Cl-CH(OH)*CK,CI,and has the constitution CH,Cl-CH <':'_f>, - analogous to that ofepichlorhydrin. Pseudodichlorhydrin does not combine with aceticacid. It reacts violently with concentrated hydrochloric acid, butwhen the product is evaporated over sulphuric acid the original com-pound is obtained.T&hZomcetones.-W hen a limited quantity of bromiiie is allowe1094 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.to act on dichloracetone, the product CHCl,*CO*CH,Br is obtained,which boils at 111" under a pressure of 25 mm., and when this isheated with mercuric chloride in presence of alcohol, trichloracetoneboiling a t 172" is obtained. This trichloracetone yields no chloro-form with aqueous or alcoholic ammonia.and no phenylcarbylaminewith aniline and potash. It therefore does not contain the groupCC13, and must have the constitution CHC12*CO*CH2C1. Only a verysmall quantity was obtained.Trichloracetone, CC13*CO*CE13, is readily obtained by the action ofchlorine on an aqueous solution of sodium citraconate heated a t looo(Gottlieb and Morawsky, J.pr. Chem. [ 21, 12, 369). With ammonia,it yields chloroform and a small quantity of ammonium chloride,together with a large quantity of acetamide if the liquid has beenkept cool and excess of ammonia has been avoided.The actionof chlorine on impure methyl alcohol (Bouis) or on acetone(Bischoff) yields a liquid which has the composition of triohloracetoneand boils a t 172" ; sp. gr. 1.418. It solidifies incompletely in longneedles at -14", the temperature rising suddenly to -5". Thecrystals melt between -5" and + 2". It combines with '2 mols. H20,forming a hydrate which melts at 43-44'. It also combines withsodium hydrogen sulphite, but the product crystallises with great diffi-culty.With aniline and potash, it yields phenylcarbylamine ; but withammonia it yields very little if any chloroform or acetamide, ammoniumchloride, however, is formed in large quantities, and if the liquid is dis-tilled with potash, it yields dichloromethylamine, which is doubtlessderived from the compound CHCl,*CO*C1H,*NH2. It would followthat the trichloracetone has the constitution CHC1,*CO*CH2C1, butthe formation of chloroform and phenylcarbylamine, and thevariable boiling and melting points of the compound, show clearly thatit is a mixture of a solid trichloro-derivative which melts about -5',with an isomeride which is liquid even at low temperatures.Unsymmetrical tetrachloracetone was obtained by Bouis by the actionof chlorine on wood-spirit in diffused daylight (Ann.Chim. Phys. [3],21-lll), and by Bischoff by the action of chlorine on a mixture ofacetone and methyl alcohol (this Journal, 1876, i, 558). It is mostreadily obtained by passing chlorine inho commercial acetone, thetemperature being allowed to rise. Tetrachloracetone is a colourlessliquid which boils a t 180-182", and becomes brown when exposed toair and light ; sp. gr. at 17" = 1.482. When distilled under the ordinarypressure, it undergoes partial decomposition. It is very hygroscopic,and forms a tetrahydrate which melts without decomposition at 30".With aniline and potash, it yields phenylcarbylamine, and withaqueous ammonia a t a low temperature it yields chloroform andmonochloracetamide. It therefore has the constitution CCl,*CO.CH,CI.By the prolonged action of chlorine on pure acetone at first cooledand afterwards heated on a water-bath, Grabowsky (this Journal, 1876,i, 557) has obtained trichloromethyl propyl ketone, boiling a t 186".The author has been unable t o obtain this result.Probably thenature of the reaction depends on the purity of the acetone.Xynzmetrical tetrachZoracet0ne.-D ichlorod ibromacet one prepared bythe action of bromine on unsymmetrical dichloracetone is heateORGANIC CHXEMISTHT. 1095with alcohol and mercuric chloride in sealed tubes a t 100'. Theproduct is distilled, and is purified from mercury by conversion intoa hydrate which is repeatedly recrystnllised, and then decomposed byhy$rochloric acid. The product is dried over calcium chloride, andboils at 179-181" ; its sp.gr. is the same as that of the precedingcompound. With water, it forms a hydrate cry stallising in needleswhich melt at 47-48". With ammonia or aniline, it yields no distinctresult, but neither chloroform nor phenylcarbylamine is formed. Thecompound therefore does not contain the group CC&, and must havethe constitution CHC12.C0.CHCl,.The dichlorodibrom-derivative obtained by the action of bromineon dichlorhydrin yields with mercuric chloride an oily liquid whichhas no fixed boiling point, and is not attacked by ammonia at theordinary temperature.When the product of the oxidation of dichlorhydrin is treated withbromine, it yields an isomeride of dichlorodibromacetone, which, ac-cording to Markownikoff, has the constitution CHClBr.CO-CHC1Br.When this compound is treated with mercuric chloride, however, ityields a liquid which fumes in the air, boils a t about 180°, has a dis-agreeable odour, and does not combine with alkaline hydrogen sul-phites. With ammonia or aniline, it yields neither chloroform norphenylcarbylamine, but dichloracetamide and dichloracetanilide re-spectively.I h follows that either there are two isomeric symmetricaltetrachloracetones, or that the product of the oxidation of dichlor-hydrin is not an acetone-derivative, as already indicated.When symmetrical iodacetone is treated with silver chloride, andthe product is treated with bromine and afterwards with mercuricchloride, a liquid is obtained which boils at 180", and is identicalwith symmetrical tetrachloracetone.The dichloracetone from iod-acetone has always been regarded as identical with Markownikoff'sproducts, but these results show that they are very different, and thelatter is most probably a derivative of epichlorhydrin-It is not a tetrachloracetone.Pe~ntachloracetone was obtained by Staedeler by adding hydrochloricacid to a boiling solution of quinic acid and potassium chlorate. Theyield is very small, and great care is required to avoid explosions.Much better results are obtained by the following method. A solutionof citric acid in 1.5 parts of water is allowed to fall drop by dropdown a tube packed with pumice, up which passes ,z current of drychlorine, the tube being heated a t 100" by means of a water-jacket.The product is purified by washing and redistillation.If the waterused for washing is evaporated a t a low temperature, it depositscrystals of citric acid which contain 2 mols. H20, and are quitedifferent in appearance from the ordinary crystals. They form flabtened prisms with four of the faces abnormally developed. Thecleavage planes and the angles at the edges are, however, identicalwith those of the ordinary crystals.The pentachloracetone obtained is identical with that prepared byStaedeler and by Cloez, sen., by the action of chlorine on alkalili1096 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.citrates. With ammonia, it yields chloroform and dichloracetamide,and with aniline it yields phenylcarbylamine and dichloracetanilide.It may also be prepared in large quantity by the action of drychlorine on dry commercial acetone in direct sunlight. Pure acetoneseems to give a different result, since Fittig, and Dumas and Kane,obtained no derivative higher than the dichlorscetone by the actionof chlorine on acetone at 100" or in sunlight.Under the conditionsgiven, however, the acetone is converted into a mixture of penta-chloracetone and hexachloracetone which are separated by fraction-ation.PsntnchZoracetone is a colourless liquid with an odour resemblingthat of chloral, which, however, is only observed after the liquid hasbeen exposed to air. It boils a t 1YZ0, and is readily volatile in watervapour; sp. gr. a t 14" = 1.576. It dissolves in 10 parts of water,from which it separates completely a t 50-60".At low temperatures,the solution deposits a tetrahydrate in small, rhomboidal plates melt-ing a t 15' with decomposition. With ammonia, i t yields chloroformand dichloracetami de.The action of chlorine in sunlight on the pseudodichloracetonefrom dichlorhydrin yields a liquid which has a, pungent smell, andboils a t 185" ; SI). gr. a t 8" = 1.617. With ammonia, it yields tri-chloracetamide but no chloroform, and hence i t is not a derivative o€acetone. The action of chlorine on dichloropropylene oxide yields astrongly fuming liquid which boils a t about 178". Tts compositiondoes not agree very well with that of pentachloropropylene oxide, andwhen treated with ammonia, it yields trichloracetamide but no chloro-form, It therefore has the constitution C H C I , * C C l < ~ ~ ~ > .Fromthese results, i t is evident that there are three isomeric compoundshaving the composition of pentachloracetone, but only one of these isreally a derivative of acetone.HeaachHoracetone was obtained by Plantamour by the action ofchlorine on a solution of citric acid in sunlight, and has been describedunder different names bp Laurent, Staedeler, and Cloez, sen. Asolution of citric acid is treated with chlorine in sunlight until thegas is no longer absorbed. Carbon dioxide is given off, especially inthe later stages of the reaction. The yield ia about one-fourth of theweight Q€ the citric acid taken. Hexachloracetone can readily beobtained by the action of chlorine on acetone in sunligbt.The frac-tion of the product which boils a t 185-220" is collected and purified.The fraction boiling at 290" contains a considerable quantity of hexa-chlorobenzene, which is probably formed by pyrogenic decomposition,and does not exist in the product before distillation. It is not alwaysformed.Hexachloracetone is a very limpid liquid with an odour which is feeblea t a low temperature, but becomes very pungent and irritating when theliquid is warmed. It boils without decomposition atl 202--204", andwhen cooled solidifies in large, white plates melting a t -2"' ; sp. gr.at 12' = 1.744; vapour-density 9.615. It is slightly soluble in water,and forms a crystalline monohydrate which is almost insoIuble inwater.With aqueous ammonia, it yields chloroform aud trichlorORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 1097acetamide, and with aniline it yields chloroform and trichloracet-anilide. When heated with water in sealed tubes a t 120", it splits upinto chloroform and trichloracetic acid. The action of chlorine onepichlorhydrin in sunlight yields crystals which seem to be hexachloro-benzene, and a small quantity of a liquid which boils at 200-210"and yields chloroform and trichloracetamide with ammonia. Mostprobably the product has the constitution CCl,*CCl<_ o->.ChZorobromaceto.nes.-Theegarten (this Journal, 1874, 242) treatedepichlorhydrin with bromine, and oxidised the product. I n this wa5,he obtained crystals which have an irritating odour, melt at 34-33",and boil at 177-180".This compound is only slightly soluble inwater, but dissolves readily in alcohol and ether. It does not combinewith bisulphites, and doubtless has the constitutionCCl,A compound with the composition of mouochlorotribromacetone wasobtained by Claus and Lindhorst (Abstr., 2880, 862) by the action ofbromine and water on dichlorhgdrin, and by Grimaux and Adam(ibid., 457) by the action of bromine on epichlorhydrin at 100". Withequal molecular proportions of bromine and epichlorhydrin, the re-action is complete in a few hours. The product is a colourlesk,pungent liquid, heavier than water, with which it forms a hydratemelting at 55", soluble in alcohol, and stable when exposed to air.The compound itself decomposes when boiled even under reducedpressure.It is not a true derivative of acetone, but is derived fromepichlorhy drin.When monochloracetone is heated with bromine at 100" and theproduct dissolved in water, a tetrahydrate is formed which can berecrystallised. It is decomposed by hydrochloric acid, and when theliquid thus obtained is dried, it boils a t 130" under a pressure of25 mm., and at 215" under normal pressure ; sp. gr. = 2.270. It hasa pungent, irritating odour. The hydrate is only slightly soluble inwater, but dissolves more readily in alcohol of 80", from which itcrystallises in large, hexagonal tables containing 1 mol. H,O; thisis readily given off even on exposure to the air. With aqueousammonia a t a low temperature, chlorotribromacetone yields bromoformand chloracetamide, and therefore has the constitution CBr,*CO*CH,Ol.So-called dichlorodibromacetone, obtained by the action of bromine onpseudodichloracetone, is a liquid which solidifies at -14", melts at-8", and boils a t 135" under a pressure of 40 mm.It does notcombine with alkaline hydrogen sulphites. It forms a tetrahydrate,which crystallises in long prisms melting aC 53-54' with partial de-composition. The action of ammonia shows that this compoundcontains neither CC1,Br nor CBr,Cl, and hence its constitution mustbe CHBrC1.CH<-O>. CBrClThe action of bromine on dichlorhydrin yields a compound whichboil& a t 140-141" under a pressure of 20 mm. It forms a crystallinetetrahydrate which melts at 55-56', and boils with partial decompo-VOL. LII.4 1098 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.sition a t 140-150" under a pressure of 20 mm.with the preceding compound, and may have tlie constitutionIt is not identicalCHCl CBr,Cl*CH<- ->.The action of bromine on ordinary dichloracetone yields a liquidwhich boils at 120" under a pressure of 25 mm., and does not solidifya t a low temperature. It forms a tetrahydrate which crystallises inhexagonal tables with a very disagreeable odour ; these readily losetheir water. Barbaglia's dichloracetone boiling a t 170" yields thesame derivative with bromine, and is therefore a, polymeride ofordinary dichloracetone. Dibromodichloracetone reacts energeticallywith ammonia, but no chlorobromoform is produced, and hence thecompound must have the constitution CHCI,.CO*CHBr,.With mer-curic chloride, it yields a tetrachloracetone which does not contain thegroup CCl,.When trichloracetone is treated with bromine a t loo", it yields atrichlorobromacetone, which boils at 107" under a pressure of 25 mm.,and at 190" under the ordinary pressure. It is very hygroscopic, andforms a tetrahydrate which crystallises in hexagonal tables meltingat 48". With ammonia, it yields chloroform and bromacetamide, andtherefore must have the constitution CCl,*CO-CH,Br.Tetrabromacetone forms a tetrahydrate, which, although unstable,crptallises readily. With ammonia, it yields bromoform and brom-acetnmide.A11 the chlorobromacetones described are tetra-snbstitution-deriva-tires.Starting from tetrachloracetone, each substitution of brominefor chlorine produces a rise of about 10" in the boiling point. Thereis also a gradual increase in the specific gravity.Action of Anamonia and An~ines on Clzloracetolnes.-The action oforthotoluidine on hexachloracetone yields orthocresyltrichloracet-amide, C,H4Me*NH*C2Cl3O, which crystallises in large needles onlyslightly soluble in cold alcohol. It melts a t 66-67", readily remainsin superfusion, and volatilises a t 215". Paratoluidine yields thecorresponding para-derivative, which crystallises in very short rect-angular prisms, melting a t 79-80', and volatilising with partialdecomposition a t 185".With diethylamine, hexachloracetone yields diethyltrichloracet-amide, which is very soluble in alcohol, and crystallises in prismswhich melt at, 90" and volatilise almost immediately with partialdecomposition. With trimethylamine, diniethyltrichloracetamide isformed; this is very soluble in boiling alcohol, and crystallises inradiating needles which melt at 104", and sublime at 195".Withdimethylaniline, the reaction takes place only on warming, and the pro-duct is a mixture of a violet colouying matter, soluble in boiling waterbut almost insoluble in ether, and very soluble in chloroform, withanother badly defined colouring matter. Allylamine yields allyltri-c hloracetamide, soluble in alcohol and in chloroform, arid crystallisingin large tables which melt a t 4.5" and volatilise without decomposi-tion at 190".With hexachloracetone and pentachloracetone respec-tively, ethylenediamine yields the two derivatives, CzH4 NzH3GC130It is only slightly soluble in cold alcoholORUANIC CHEMISTRY. 1099and C2H4 NzH1*C2HCI,0. The first is soluble in alcohol, and cryhtal-lises in elongated rhomboidal plates which melt a t 200" and subliuieat the same temperature. The second is soluble in warm alcohol, andrery soluble in ether. It crystallises from alcohol in elongatedparallelograms, and f rom ether in fan-shaped plates.When one molecular proportion of urea is heated a t 150" with t w omolecular proportions of hexachlnracetone, the atmide-is readily obtained. It crystallises from its alcoholic solution inyellowish, hexagonal plates.Chlorinated Methyl Formates.By W. HEBTSCHEL (J. y r .Cheni. [2], 36, 209-21 5).-Continuing his previous work (this YO\.,p. 10.27) the author has repeated Cahours' investigation (Ann. Chiin.Y h y s . [ 3 ] , 19, 342) on the chlorination of methyl formate, but withtotally different results.The chlorination takes place very slowly in the dark, very rapidlyin bright daylight, and care must be Oaken to prevent an accum ln-tion of the two reacting substances, or violent explosions occur. Theauthor obtained the t ric hlorome t hy 1 c hloroformate, C,C I4O,, pre v io 11 slydescribed by him (loc cit.), but could obtain no such stable compound,CzCI4O2, boiling a t 180-185", as is described by Cahours, and usuallygiven in text-books. He believes t h a t such a compound does notexist, and that Cahours must bave been mistaken in his results.Action of Sodium on Ethyl Salts of the Higher FattyAcids.By 0. WoHr,BR~CK (Ber., 20, 2332-2340 ; comp. this vol.,p. 71 7).-EthyZ dimethyla'sobzttyrylacetafe, CHMe,-CHGO.CMe,~COOEt,is obtained by adding 30 grams of sodium to 100 grams of ethyl iso-butyrate diluted with an equal weight of absolute ether, the wholebeing kept cool. Afterwards it is heated in a water-bath for somehours. The product is poured into water, and the oil so obtained istreated with dilute aqueous soda, dried and distilled. It is a lemon-pellow iiquid of a strong aromatic odour, boiling a t 186-189" under716 mm. pressure.co : N,E,(C2C1,0)2,C. H. B.L. T. T.a- Dimeth yl-/3-1~21dro.ryisoc~proic acid,CHMe,.CH*CH ( OH).CMe,.COOH,is contained as sodinm salt in the soda used in purifying the aboveethyl salt, and crystallises in prisms melting a t 108".It is soluble inwater, readily in ether. The barium salt with 3 mols. H,O farmsreadily soluble, microscopic plates ; the silver salt blackens whenexposed t o light, and gives a mirror when heated in water. The acidis also formed by the reduction with sodium of ethyl dimethyliso-butyrylacetate diluted with alcohnl.Ethyl isopropylisovalery lacetate,CHMe,*CH,*CO-CH( CHMeJ-COOEt,is prepared by the action of sodium (38 grams) on ethyl isovalerate(100 grams) diluted with dry ether. Tlie product i g purified illa manuer similar to ethyl dimethylisobutyrglacehte. It IS a br8g!it4 e 1100 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.yellow oil boiling rtt 204-207 under 722" mm.pressure. When treatedwith bromine, and the product decomposed by an alkali, an acidme1 ting at 185-187" (probably CIoHl6OJ) is obtained.a-Isopropyl-P-isobutylhydrncrylic acid,CHMe. C H2CH (OH) C H( C HMe,) *C 0 0 H,is contained in the aqueous alkaline extract from ethyl isopropyliso-valerylacetate. It is an oil which solidifies after some days to long,sIender needles of a silky lustre. It melts at 120", and dissolvesreadily in alcohol, ether, and hot water. When heated above itsmelting point, it sublimes in lustrous needles. The barium saltcrystallises in hard, colourless prisms. The acid can also be obtainedby reducing ethyl isopropylisovalerylacetate with sodium.Transformation of Fumaric and Male'ic Acids into AsparticAcid and Asparagine.By G. KOERNER and A. MENOZZI (Gazzetta,17,226-231) .-The authors have shown that paraffinoid amido-acidscan be converted into olefinoid acids by the introduction of the methyl-group into the amido-residue, and subsequent removal of the elementsof the amine. A case of the converse change is here investigated, inthat it is shown that ethyl fumarate, when heated with alcoholicainnionia in sealed tubes, yields an oil, ethyl aspartate, and a sub-stance of the composition C4H6N202. The ethyl aspartate is a colour-less oil, which boils at 150-154" under a pressure of 25 rnm., but isdecomposed when distilled at the ordinary pressure. The compoundCaH6N,O2 cry stallises in glistening leaflets melting at about 250" withdecomposition ; it may be regarded probably as the imide of asparticacid ; on protracted heating with alcoholic ammonia, it is convertedinto asparagine.The above-mentioned oil when treated with aqneousammonia yields asparagine in abundance, the crystals formed showinghemihedric modifications.In like manner, ethyl maleate yields identical products, and practi-cally in the same proportion.Oxidising Action of Alloxan. By G. PEI~LIZZART (Gazzetta, 17,254-259) .-When a concentrated aqueous solution of alloxan is added tophenylhydrazine hydrochloride in presence of sodium acetate, nitrogenand benzene vapour are evolved, and alloxantin is formed thus:2C4H2N204 + NHPh.NH2 = C8HaN407 + CSH~ + N2 + H20.It issupposed that in the first phase of the reaction two atoms of hydro-gen are eliminated in the form of water, with formation of a hypo-thetical diazobenzene, which decomposes into benzene and nitrogen,If this view were correct, then hydrazobenzene under similar condi-tions should yield azobenzene, a result confirmed by experiment.An analogous result was obtained with indigo-white, the alloxanbeing reduced to alloxantin, whilst simultaneously the white isoxidised to indigo-blue, thus : 2C4H,N20a + C16H12N2C)2 = C8H4N407 +C18H10N202 + H,O.Ceresole (Abstr., 1883, 913) has shown that hydroxylamine hydro-chloride acts on alloxan in a manner similar t o the usual reactionwith ketones, leading to the formation of violuric acid. I n the p .per,N.H. M.V. H. VORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 1101t h i s result is confirmed, and the identity of the product formed withvioluric acid ifi established by crystallographic measurements.V. H. V.1 : 3 Methylphenylthiophen and 1 : 2 Thioxen. By C. PAALand A. P~~SCHBL (Ber., 20, 2557-2560).-1 : 3 Methylphenylthiopheu,C4SH,MePh, is obtained when phenyllevulinic acid, or preferably itssodium salt, is heated with phosphorus trisulphide or pentasulpliide ;the sodium salt must contain water, otherwise carbonisation is the soleresult. It crystallises in large, nacreous lamine, melts at 72-73',distils without decomposition, and is readily soluble in alcohol, ben-zene, &c. It is less volatile with steam than its isomerides, has anodour resembling that of diphenyl, and gives the indophenine reaction,but does not show Laubenheimer's reaction distinctly.The fetrabrorno-derivative, C,SH,Br4, formed by the action of methylphenylthiophenon an excess of bromine in the cold, crystallises in slender needles orscales, melts a t 136-137", and is readily soluble in ether, benzene,and light petroleum, less so in alcohol and acetic acid.1 : 2 Thioxen, C4SH,Me2, is prepared by distilling P-methyllevulinicacid with phosphorus trisulphide, and washing the distillate with ice-cold, dilute, aqueous soda. It is a colourless liquid, which boils at 134-138", and shows the indophenine and Lanbenheimer reactions. Thealkaline solution employed for washing the distillate contains 1 : 2 : 4thioxenol. w. P. w.Action of Methyl Chloride on Orthodichlorobenzene in Pre-sence of Aluminium Chloride.By C. FKIEDEL and J. M. CRAFTS(Ann. Chim. Phys. [6], 10, %11--424).-TLe action of methyl chlorideon di bromortho-xylene in presence of aluminium chloride is very com-plicated, and no definite products were obtained.Orthodichlorobenzene, prepared by Istrati, was purified by crystal-lising out the less fusible para-derivative, and dissolving the orthodi-chlorobenzene in a mixture of equal vols. of ordinary sulphuric acidand the fuming acid, which leaves the greater part of the still admixedpara-derivative undissolved. The sulphonic acid thus obtained wasrecr-jstallised and decomposed by heating in a retort into which acurrent of steam was passed. Some paradichlorobenzene distils overa t loo", and the ortho-derivative passes over in an almost pure condi-tion a t about 200".Duringdistillation, crystals of the sulphone ( CsH3C1,),S02 condense in theupper part of the condenser; they melt at 173", and boil at 360"with partial decomposition.The orthodichlorbenzene was mixed with 20 per cent. of aluminiiimchloride, heated on a water-bath, and treated with a current of drymethyl chloride for about 10 hours. The chief products are hexa-methylbenzene and frichloromesitylene.Hexamethylbenzene thus obtained crystallises in long needleswhich melt a t 164" and boil a t 264". With an excess of picric acid,i t forms a compound containing the two substances in equal mole-cular proportions, and which crystallises in golden-ye1 low lamellsemelting at 168-169".'l'richloromesitylene contains more chlorine than thc original corn-It boils at 178" ; sp.gr. a t 0" = 1.325411c2 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAI, PAYERS.pound, although some of the latter always remains unaltered. Its forma-tion is not due to the presence of any trichlorobenzene. I t crystallisesfrom alcohol in sleuder needles, which melt a t 205" and boil a t 280"without decomposition. When heated in sealed tubes with 16 timesits weight of hydriodic acid of sp. gr. 1.9, in the vapour of di-phenylmethane, it yields mesitylene. Under the same conditions,h xaniethylbenzene yields mesityleie and methane.The formation of hexamethylbenzene is doubtless due to the re-ducing action which has been observed in similar reactions.Pro-bably the organo-metallic compound is produced from the dichloro-benzene, with displacement of chlorine and not of hydrogen, andthis chlorine produces the trichloromesitylene. Analo~ous phenomenahave been observed by L. Roux in-the action of aluminium chloride onthe haloid derivatives of naphthalene.I n addition to hexamethylbenzene, a small quantity of a compoundwhich seems to be a chloromethyl-derivative of diphenyl, is formed.Aluminium chloride alone has no action on orthodichlorobenzene at160". C. H. B.Action of Methylene Chloride on Methylbenzenes in Pre-sence of Aluminium Chloride. By C. FRIEDEL and J. M. CRAFTS(Arm. Chim. Phys. 161, 11, 263--277).-Benzene yields toluene, di-phenylmethane melting at 25" and boiling a t P60-265", and anthrs-cene.The absence of hydranthracene is due to its reduction toanthracene and methyl cbloride by the action of the methylene chlo-ride, the methyl chloride then producing the toluene. The relativequantities of diphenylmethane and anthracene obtained depend on theproportions of methylene chloride and benzene.Toluene yields it mixture of meta- and para-xylene boiling at 730-150", ditolylrnethane boiling a t 280-290°, and dimethylanlhracenemelting a t 231-232".Metaxylene, in addition to liquid products, yields tetramethyl-anthracene melting at 162-163"; this unites with picric acid in equalmolecular proportions to form a deep red compound crystallising instellate groups. Oxidised with chromic acid iu presence of aceticacid, it yields yellowish-white prisms which melt a t 206", and havethe composition ClsHl6Oa.Prom its mode of' formation this tetra-methylanthracene must have the constitution 1' : 3' : 1 : 3 or1' : 3' : 2 : 4.Pseudocumene yields durene and solid products, which melt re-spectively a t about 165", Z W , arid 290". The first is a small quantityof tetrtimethylanthracene identical with that obtained from metn-xylene. The second consists of hexnmethylanthracene, which from itsmode of formntlon must have the constitution 1' : 2' : 4' : 1 : 2 : 4 or1' : 3' : 4' : 7 : 'L : 4. If it is mixed in alcoholic solution with picricacid, the two substances unite in equal molecular proportions, and thecompound separates in small, golden-brown needles which melt atabout 903".The hydrocarbon dissolves in sulphuric acid, forming a redsolution, which becomes colourless as the acid absorbs rnoisture fromt i l e air. The third product might be expected to be a heFta- 01- octa-methj lanthracene. It has the composition CleH1,, forms no compounORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 1 LO3with pic& acid, and yields a dibromo-derivative which has the compo-sition C18H,,Br2 or ClsH14Br2. When oxidised with chromic acid andacetic acid, it yields yellowish or white needles, which melt a t 325"and sublime completely without decomposition at a higher temperature.The composition of this product agrees more nearly with the formulaCl,H,,O, than C,,H1402. With bromine, a mixture of a mono- anddibromo-derivative is obtained.Most probably the hydrocarbon is anisomeride of tetrarnethylanthracene, although if differs markedlyfrom it and the other methylanthracenes. C. H. B.Decomposition of Mixed Ethers by Heat and Nitric Acid.By G. ERRERA (Gazzetta, 17, 193--209).-In former investigations ithas been shown that when the mixed ethers containing a paraffino'idand aromatic grouping are heated with nitric acid, they yield the COPresponding aromatic aldehyde or its nitro-derivative, and the nitrateof the paraffin. Also Liebig, Cannizzaro, and others have shown thatwhen heated, the ethers decompose into an aldehyde and hydrocarbon.In this paper, the reactions are studied in the case of beuzyl isobutylether and benzpl isoamyl ether, and halogen-derivatives of benzy 1ethyl ether.When benxyl isobutyl ether is heated with concentratednitric acid, it forms benzaldehyde and isobutyl nitrate, whilst beueylisoamyl ether yields the same aldehyde and isoamyl nitrate.Considerable difficulty was experienced in the preparation of para-bromobenzyl chloride, whether by the bromination of benzy lie chlorideor the chlorination of benzylic bromide ; the product was invariablya mixture nearly in molecular proportion of parabromobenzylicchloride and bromide. This mixture, however, serves for the prepa-ration of yarabromohenzyl ethyl ether, C6H,Br*CH2*OEt, which is a,colourless liquid of fruity odour boiling a t 243", but with appreciabledecomposition into parabromobenzaldehyde and ethane ; this change isinstantaneous a t the temperature of boiling sulphur. The bromo-benzyl ethyl ether is converted into parabromobenzaldehyde by theaction of nitric acid.Parach Zorobenzy Z ethyl ether, C,H& 1.C H2-OE t, from parachloro-benzylic bromide, is a liquid of properties similar to those of thebromo-compounds; it boils at 225-227", and is decomposed a t ahigher temperature into the corresponding aldehyde and ethane ; italso yields the same aldehyde when treated with nitric acid.Isonitroso-derivatives.By H. v. PECHMANN (Ber., 20, 2539-254P).-When pure benzaldoxime is shaken with 10 times its volumeof a 30 per cent. solution of sodium hydrogen sulphite, a crystallinecompound is obtained, which after removal of the mother-liquor andwashing with alcohol and ether, orystallises from water in small, whiteneedles of the composition SO,NaGHPh.NH.SO,Na + 3H,O Thiscompound is insoluble in alcohol but very soluble in water; itsaqueous solution is decomposed on boiling.When heated with diluteacids or alkaline carbonates, or when treated with alkalis in the cold,it decomposes quantitatively into benzaldehyde, sodium sulphate, andammonium hydrogen sulphite.Acetoxirne dissolves in a solution of sodium hydrogen sulphite withV. H. V1104 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.development of heat, and yields a clear liquid from which, on additionof alcohol and some acetic acid, a crystalline compound slowlyseparates. Dilute acids decompose this compound into acetone,sodium sulphate, and ammonium hydrogen sulphite.With sodium hydrogen sulphite, under similar conditions, nitroso-acetone forms a compound which most probably has the compositionSO,Na.CMe(OH).CH( SOsNa)*NH*SO,Na + 3H20.This separatesfrom dilute alcohol as a powder consisting of colonrless needles, andis extremely soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol. When heatedwith dilute acids, it is decomposed into methplglyoxal, sodium sulphate,sodium hydrogen sulphite, and ammonium hydrogen sulphite. Themethylglyoxal was recognised by subjecting the product to steamdistillation and treating the distillate firstly with phenylhydrazineacetate, when the phenyZhydmzide, N2HPh : CH*CMe : N2HPh, whichcrystallises in slender, yellow needles melting at 145", was obtained ;and secondly with toluylenedirtmine, when methyltolnquinoxaline,identical with that described by Hinsberg (Abstr., 2886, 561), wasformed.These derivatives are also formed by the action of thesereagents on nitrosoacetone, but their formation in the absence of thiscompound may be regarded as affording evidence of the presence ofUnsymmetrical Secondary Hydraxines. By B. PHILIPS (Ber.,20, 2&5--2488).-Sodium phenylhydrazine suspended in benzene istreated with an alkyl bromide, and the mixture after the lapse of somehours is heated on a water-bath to complete the reaction, The product,after filtration from the sodium bromide, is purified by saturating thebenzene solution with hydrogen chloride and filtering from theinsoluble hydrochlorides ; the benzene is then removed by distillation,the residue dissolved in ether, the solution again distilled, and the bnseobtained by precipitating the aqueous solution of the hydrochloridewith an alkali.The secondary hydrazines when freshly distilled arecolourless liquids which become brown in the air, dissolve to clearsolutions in concentrated hydrochloric acid, and show all the chsrac-teristic properties of Fischer's methyl- and ethyl-phenylhydrazine.a-Isopropy~henyZhydrazine, NPrPh-NH2, boils at 185" under176 mm. and at 233" under the ordinary pressure ; the h y d w d o r i d ecrjstallises well from benzene and melts a t 135". The tetrazoyheforms colourless crystals arid melts at 85", the thiosemicccrbuzide,NP-Ph*NH*CS*NHPh, crystallises from alcohol in large, well formedcrystals aid melts at 116", and the ucetyl-derivative, NPrPh-NHAc,melts a t 97".a-IsobuttJlph enylhydruzine, CdH9*NPh*NH2, boils at 193-195" under179 mm., and at '240-243" under the ordinary pressure, in the lattercase with partial decomposition and formation of small quantities ofammonia.The hjdrogen sulphate forms nacreous scaleiJ.a-Isonnay~henyZhycErazine, C5H11*NPh*NH2, boils at 210" under57 mm., and at 260" under the ordinary pressure.u-Benxy Zphenylhydrazine (Abstr., 1886, 1025) i u a thick, colourlessliquid wbich cannot be distilled without decomposition in a partialvwuum, and when cooled in open vessels grdtdually solidifies to tbmethy lgly bxal. w. P. wORGANIC CHEJIISTRY. 1105crystalline mass ; this melts at 21" and seems to contain 1 mol.HzO.The anhydrous base does not solidifF in dry air. The acetyZ-derivativemelts at 121", and the tetrazone at 109". When treated with benz-aldehyde, bensylidenebenzy Iphen~Zhydrazine, C,H,-NPh*N CHPh, isobtained; this crystallises in needles, melts at log", and is readilysoluble in alcohol, ether, and benzene. This base could not be preparedby the direct action of benzyl chloride on benzylidenephenyl-hydrazine ; if. however, the sodium compound of the base, obtainedby the addition of finely divided sodium to benzylidenephenyl-hydrazine in benzene solution, is treated with benzyl chloride, acompound is obtained which shows all the properties of beuzylidene-benzylphenylhydrazine. The author regards this result as affordingexperimental evidence in favour of the formula NHPhN CHPh forbenzylidenephenylhydrazine. w.P. w.Azophenineo and Indulines. By 0. FISCHER and E. HEPP(Rer., 20, 2479-2484).-Azopbenine can be obtained by heatingnitrosomethylaniline and nitrosoethylaniline with aniline hydro-chloride (1 part) and aniline (4 to 5 parts) at 80". The best methodof preparation, however, consists in digesting paranitrosodiphenyl-amine (1 part) with aniline hydrochloride (1 part) and anilinc( 5 parts) at 100" for 8 to 10 hours; the product, which containsinduline and paramidodiphenylamine (m. p. = 66-67">, is washedwith water and alcohol, and crystallised from toluene: the yieldamounts to 1.5 part of pure azophenine. The azophenine of para-toluidine can algo be prepared from nitrosodiphenylamine andparatoluidine, and is identical with Kimich's compound (this Journal,1876, i, 268).Chlarazoyhenine, C3sH,,ClN5, is obtained from parachloronitroso-diphenylamine by a similar method; it melts at 230", and closelyresembles azophenine in its properties, but is somewhat more solublein benzene and toluene.?'etrabromazoplzenile, C3sHr6Br4N5, resultsfrom the action of nitrosodiphenylamine (I part) on parabromauiline(4 parts) and paiabrornstniline hydrochloride (1 part) at 100"; itmelts at 243". If metahydroxynitrosodiphenylamine is substitutedfor nitrosodiphenylamine in the preparation of azophenine, hydroxy-azophenine is obtained. Dibromonitrosophenol also yields Bbromiiiated azophenine when heated at 90" with aniline and anilinehydrochloride. From these results, it is evident that nitrosodiphenyl-amine enters in some way into the molecule of azophenine, and thatthe views advanced by Witt with regard to the constitution of this com-pound (this vol., p.821) must be abandoned in favour of those origin-aliy put forward by Kimich. If paranitrosodiphenylamine be repre-sented as a quinoneoxime-derivative of the formula CsH, I \O,the authors regard the formation of azophenine as analogous to thatof quinone-ttnilide, and attribute to azophenine the formulaCsH,(NHPh)/ I \NPhNU Ph< N JNPh,' 3 - 1106 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PA4PERS.[N : NHPh : N : NHPh = 1 : 2 : 4 : 63. This view may be con-sidered as being confirmed in the following way :-Azophenine whenheated with alcoholic ammonium sulphide and toluene at 130-140" forsome hours is converted into diJzydi.azopl~enine, C,H,,N,; this crystallisesin white needles, melts a t 173-174", and is soluble in alcohol, readilysoluble in chloroform and toluene, and insoluble in hydrochloric acid.Moreover, if azophenine is digested with alcohol and concentratedsulphuric acid at 100" in a reflux apparatus, it is converted into a com-pound, C2dHI9N3Oa, which crystallises from aniline in silver-grey scales,red by reflected light, dissolves in concentrated sulphuric acid with amagenta colour, and yields with tin and hydrochloric acid, a colourlesscrystalline reduction compound ; aniline and a blue dye are also pro-duced in this reaction.When nitrosodiphenylamine, aniline, and aniline hydrochloride inalcoholic solution are heated a t 120", two indulines are formed, oneof which yields a hydrochloride readily soluble, and the second a,hydrochloride sparingly soluble in hot alcohol.The latter is identicalwith the blue-shade induline obtained from azobenzene and anilinehydrochloride, arid is formed in larger proportion by heating at 135-140", whilst pure azop henine heated with aniline and aniline hydro-chloride at 140" is almost wholly converted into it. w. P. w.Action of Heat on Triethylbenzylphosphonium Salts. ByN. COLLIE (Phil. Mag., 24, 27-37).-A continuation of the author'sresearches on the decomposition of phosphonium salts by heat (Proc.,1886, 164). Triethylbenzylphosphonium chloride,.prepared by treat-ing triethylphosphine with excess of benzyl chloride, first fuses whenheated, and eventually decomposes without charring into ethyleneand diethylbenzylphosphiae. Triethylbenzylphosphonium bromidedecomposes with charring into hydrogen bromide, triethylphospho-ni um and diethy lbenzylphosphonium bromides, acetylene, and otherhydrocarbons. 'I'riethy lbenzylphosphonium hydroxide gives triethyl-phosphirie oxide and toluene. The hydrogen carbonate when heateddecomposes into toluene, carbonic anhydride, and triethylphosphineoxide. The norrrial carbonate could not be obtained, thus showingthe decrease in alkalinity produced by introducing the benzjl-group,the tetrethyl compound forming a normal compound, whilst the tetra-benzyl compound will not fix carbonic anhydride a t all.Triethyl-benzylphosphonium sulphate decomposes into triethylphosphine oxide,dibenzyl, and sulphurous anhydride, whilst the acetate decompokespartly into triethylphosphonium oxide and methyl beiizyl ketone,partly into triethylphosphine and benzyl acetate. The oxalate gavetriethylphosphonium oxide, toluene, carbonic anhydride, and carbonicoxide. It is supposed that water took part in this reaction, as notriethylphosphine was produced. These experiments show that whentriethylbenzylphosphonium oxy-salts are heated, the benzyl-group isinvariably separated from the phospliorus. In the cases of the chlorideand bromide, the ethyl-group separates as ethylene.Action of Bromine on Bromanilic and Chloranilic Acids.By S.LEVY and I(. JEDL~CKA (Ber., 20, 2318-232 L).-ExperimentsH. K. TORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 1107made by the authors confirm the result obtained by Hantzsch andSchniter (this vol., p. 925), showing that the product of the reactionbetween bromine and bromanilic acid is perbromacetone (Stenhouse,Annalen, Suppl. 8, 17). Phenylhydrazine acts on perbromacetone sovigorously that ether has to be used as a diluent; the products of thereaction are phenylhydrazine hydrobromide and bromo benzene.Bromine acts on chloranilic acid with formation of the compoundCGBrsC1,*OH (Stenhouse, Zoc. cit.). When 10 grams of the latter istreated with 8 grams of barium hydroxide and 500 C.C. of water andheated to boiling, chlorodibromomethane (6 grams) and barium carbo-nate, bromide, and chloride are formed.When dry ammonia is passedthrough a solution of the compound CsBr8C13-OH in anhydrous ether,chlorodibromomethane and dibromochloracetamide are formed.The mother liquor obtained in the action of bromine on chloranilicand bromanilic acids contained, besides oxalic acid, chlorodibromo-methane and bromoform respectively. N. H. M.Galloflavin. By R. BOHN and C. GRAEBE (Bey., 20, 2327-2331).-GaEZoJlnvin, CI3H6O9 (?), is obtained by dissolving 50 grams of gallicacid in 875 C.C. of alcohol and 1 litre of water, cooling to -5" to +5",and adding 135 C.C. of 28 per cent. aqueous potash. Air is passedthrough for five hours. The potassium salt which separates is dis-solved in hot water (at go"), and treated with acid with exclusionof air.Galloflavin separates in greenish-yellow, crystalline plates.When heated, it carbonises without melting. It dissolves sparingly inwater, alcohol, and ether ; alkalis and alkaline carbonates dissolve itwith yellow colour ; sulphuric acid dissolves i t unchanged. Thepotassium salt, CI3H4O9KP, is a greenish-yellow, crystalline snbstance,very sparingly soluble in cold water, insoluble in alcohol ; when boiledwith water, free galloflavin is formed. Galloflavin yields coloured in-soluble salts with the oxides of aluminium and chromium. The ncetyl-derivative, CI3HZO9Ac4, crystallises from benzene in white needlesmelting at 230" ; i t dissolves readily in glacial acetic acid and in chlo-roform, but is insoluble in alkaline carbonates.When galloflavin isheated with chloracetic chloride a t 100-110" for 15 hours, the com-pound C,,H,O,( CH,Cl*CO), is formed. This crystallises in whiteneedles, soluble in ethyl acetate and acetic acid, rery sparingly solublein alcohol, ether, chloroform and benzene; it melts at 210-212".N. H. M.Ethyl Parabrornobenzoate and Parabrornobenzoic Acid. ByG. ERRERA (G'azzetta, 17, 20!)-213).-According t o the resultsdescribed previously (p. 1103), ethyl parabromobenzyl ether is ob-tained by the action of alcoholic potash on parabromobenzyl chlorideor bromide.I n a recent paper, Elbs (this vol., p. 151) has stated that ethyl para-bromobenzoate is formed in the above reaction, together with para-bromobenzyl alcohol and parabromobenzoic acid as subsidiary products ;the view is supported by the formation of parabromobenzoic acid bythe prolonged action of boiling alcoholic potash on the supposedethereal salt1108 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.To decide as to the correctness of Elbs' result, ethyl parabrornoben-zoate was prepared by the etherification of the corresponding acid ;the compound obtained differs in boiling point (262") from parabro-mobenzyl ethyl ether (243"), and is saponified immediatelyin the coldby alcoholic potash.The formation of parabromobenzoic acid fromthe ether is due to oxidation.As a further point of difference, it is noted that parabromobenzylethyl ether on nitration forms parabromobeuzaldehyde, whilst ethylparabromobenzoate under the same conditions yields ethyl nitrobromo-benzoate, COH,Br(NO2)*COOI4t [COOEt : NO, : Br = 1 : 3 : 41.In couclusion, some details are given as to the best method of pre-paring parabromobenzoic acid by the oxidation of the correspondingbromotoluene. V.H. V.Derivatives of Phenylamidoacetic Acid. By 0. REBUFFAT(Gazzettn, 17, 231-236) .-Acetylphenylamidoacefic acid,NPhAc*CH,* CO OH,obtained by heating phen ylamidoacetic acid with acetic anhydride inpresence of benzene, crystallises in micaceons laminae, me1 ting a tlUO-l91", very soluble in water and alcohol, sparingly soluble inbenzene.Benxoylpheny7amidoacetic acid, NPhBz*CH2*COOH, is prepared inlike manner to the above, and may be purified by means of its sodiumsalt, which crystallises on slow evaporation in large, tabular crystals.The acid is a white, amorphous precipitate, melting a t 63" ; the coppersalt is an amoxphous, green precipitate.I n the course of the preparation of phenylamidoacetic acid fromaniline and mmochloracetic acid, the formation of a black, resinoussubstance is observed, the quantity of which increases with thequantity of water in excess of a certain proportion, and the timeemployed in evaporating the solution for crystallising the amido-acid.Thus if one molecular proportion of monochloracetic acid and two ofaniline are heated together, this black resin is the sole product.Ifthis substance is purified from the accompanying aniline hydrochlorideand phenylamidoncetanilide residue, dissolved in hydrochloric acid,and then reprecipitated with water, an acid is obtained crystallisingin micaceous scales which decompose at 130-193".Analysis pointst o PhenylylycirLe~heny lamidoacetic acid,When impure, the acid rapidly turns black ; it is sparingly soluble inwater, but soluble in alcohol ; it readily decomposes carbonates.Derivatives of Hydrothiocinnamic Acid. By 8. BONDZYNSKI(Monntsh. Chem., 8, 349-364 ; compare Abstr., 1886, 325).-Hfydro-thiocinrbamic acid, CHPh C(SH)-COc)H, obtained by heating " benzyl-idene-rhodanic acid," CsH,*CH : C (SH)*CO*SCN, with baryta-water,forms a yellowish, crystalline powder, and melts ut 1 1 9 O . It is easilysoluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, &c., almost insoluble in water. Thealkaline salts me easily soluble in alcohol and water, the salts of theV.H. VORUANIC CHElfISTRT. 1109heavy metals are insoluble.bisulphide solution, bisulphid-cinnninic acid,CHPh : C(COOH)*S*S*C(COOH) : CHPh,is obtained; this crystallises in slender, yellow needles melting a t 179".The sodium salt of this acid is an orange-yellow, amorphous substanceeasily soluble in water, quite insoluble in alcohol. The potassium saltis soluble in both alcohol and water. The barium and magnesium saltsare easily soluble in water; the salts of the heavy metals are quiteinsoluble in water. Bromine acts on hydrothiocinnamic acid in thesame manner as iodine. Hydriodic and hydrobromic acids do notcombine with the acid.When benzylidene-rhodanic acid is treated with a mistcre of nitricand snlphuric acids, a violent action takes place, and two substances areobtained, one readily soluble in alcohol, the other sparingly soluble.The former, which crystallises in bright-yellow, rhombic prisms, isnitrohydrothiocinnnmic acid ; when purified by means of the bariumsalt and recrystallised from alcohol, it8 melts at 240".The second,nearly insoluble substance appears to be a nitrobenzyliderae-rhodanic,acid; it melts a t 263-265". This method, however, does not give Rgood yield ; the author therefore prepares Mthonitrohydrothiocinncxmicacid by heating together in alcoholic solution orthonitrobenzddehydeand thiocyanic acid. The resulting orthonitrobenzylidene-rhodanicacid is a white, crystalline powder, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol ;it melts at 188-189".When this substance is treated with baryta-water, an acid barium salt of the acid is obtained in orange crystals ;i t is therefore necessary to saponify the acid by heating it with exces8of crystallised barium hydroxide.When the nitro-compound is reduced with alcoholic ammoniumsulphide, a small quan tity of amidohydrothiocin.namic acid is formed.When reduced with ferrous sulphate, it yields orthamidobenzylidene-rhodanic acid, C6H@H2)*CH : C(SH).CO,SCN ; this forms brilliant,blood-red crystals, which are completely decomposed on heating a t265-2269'. The substance still retains acid properties ; it is solublein alkalis and reprecipitated by dilute acids. When heated withacetic anhydride, it gives the diacetate, which crystallises in yellowneedles and melts at 189".A little wlonacetate is also produced ; thisforms long, citron-yellow needles melting a t 280-285". Attempts toobtain orthohydrot hiocinnamic acid from orthamidobenzylidene-rhodanic acid by treatment with baryta were unsuccessfnl, as alsowere endeavours to diazotise the latter substance.When treated with iodine in carbcnG. H. M.Paracoumaric Acid. By 0. &GEL (Ber., 20, 2527-2539).-Paracoumaric acid was prepared by the three known methods : fromaloes (Annulen, 136,31), from parahydroxybenzaldehyde (this Journal,1877, ii, 893), and from paradiazocinnamic acid, and modificationsare described by which the yield may be much increased. Methyl-paracoumaric acid was also prepared by Perkin's reaction from anis-aldehyde (Abstr., 1877, i, 40), and by the methylation of paracoumaricacid.A comparison of these acids with naringenic and methglnarin-genic acids respectively establishes their identity (this vol., p. 49 7)1110 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.Hydromethylnaringenic acid, formed by the rednction of methyl-naringenic acid with sodium, is identical with hydromethylpara-coumaric acid; it crystallises in feather-like forms, but after con-version into the sodium salt and treatment with an acid is obtainedin long, colourless needles ; the crystals of bolh forms are anhydrous.The silver salt, ClnH11Ag03, crystallises in small needles, is sparingly~oluble in hot water, and when dry is unaffected by light; the bariumsalt, (ClnH,,O,),Ba + 2H20, crystallises in cubic forms.The methylsalt, CIIHI4O3, obtained in small quantity only by saturating a solutionof the acid in methyl alcohol with hydrogen chloride, is readily pre-pzred by heating the acid (1 mol.), with potassium hydroxide (2 mo!s ),methyl iodide (2 mols.), and some methyl alcohol at 140" for an hour ;i t boils at 265-270", solidifies a t 0" to a crystalline mass which meltsat 38", and is iden tical with methyl hydromethylparacoumarate.When dry paracoumaric acid in ethereal solution is treated withbromine (1 mol.), and the solvent is removed h r evaporation in acurrent of air, colourless crystals of what is perhaps a paracoumaricacid dibromide are obtained ; these melt at 97-101" and decomposeon drying. Bromopncrncoumaric acid dibromide,OH*C6H3B r*CHBr*CHBr*COOH,is formed when paracoumaric acid dissolved in acetic acid or absoluteether is treated with a n excess of bromine ; i t crystallises from chloro-form in needles and melts a t 188".On treatment with alcoholic:pot ash, it yields b romopar avii y lp hen ol di bromid e,0 H-C,H,Br*CHBr. CH,Br.This compound is crystalline, melts at 108", and yields an acefyZ-deriva-tive. C,H6Br,0Ac, melting at 9P".Meth y lpamcouman*c acid dibro 117 ide, OMe*C6H,-C HB r' CHBI-C 0 0 H,is prepared by the action of bromine on meth-ylparacoumaric acid inequimolecular proportions ; chloroform is used as a solvent, and mustbe removed by evaporation at the ordinary temperature. I t formscolourless crystals, which melt a t 149" when heated rapidly, and a t168" when slowly heated ; heat readily decomposes it.The methylsalt has been already describcd (this vol., p. 488) ; when treatedwith alcoholic potash, it yields two acids crystallising in needles,one of which is soluble in hot water, and melts a t 158-168",whilst the second is soluble in hot alcohol, and melts at 127-132'.If methylparacoumaric acid dibromide is heated with aqueous potash,brornoparavinylanisozl, OMe*C6H,.CH CHBr, is obtained ; this crystal-lises from alcohol in scales, melts a t 54*5", is volatile with steam, andhas an odour and taste resembling that of anise and fennel.On treatment, with an excess of bromine in chloroform solution,~ethylpsracoumaric acid yields ~romomethyl~aracoumaric ncid dibro-inide, OMe*C6H3Br*CHBr-CHBr*COOH, which crystallises from etherO r chlorcform in needles, melts at 162", and is decomposed by alcoholand water. When heated with 30 per cent.aqueous potash, i t isconverted into brornoparacetylenenniso%?, OMe*C,H,Br*C i CH. Thiscompound crystallises from alcohol in scales, melts at 75", is volatilewith steam, and yields a greenish-yellow, feebly explosive precipitatewith ammoniacal cpprous chloride solution. w. P. wORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 111 1Homo-orthophthalimide. By G. P~JLVERMACHER (Bey., 20, 2492-2499 ; compare this vol., pp. 50, 725).-When a solution of homo-orthophthalimide (1 mol. j and sodium (2 mols. j in alcohol is digestedwith ethyl iodide (2 mols.) at I 00", a-dieth?/lhomo-orthopl~thalimide,C,H,Et,NO,, is obtained ; this crystallises from alcohol in white scales,melts at 144", and is soluble in alkalis.By the further action of ethyliodide and alcoholic potash on this compound at loo", triethylhomo-orthophtlialimide, C,H,Et,NO,, is formed ; this is a glistening, white,crystalline mass, which melts at 50°, and is extremely soluble in allordinarv solvents. but is insoluble in alkalis. .rHomo-orthophthalethylimide, C,H4<C0.2NEt>, CH *CO is prepared by dis-tilling a solution of homo-orthophthalic acid in ethylamine. It crys-tallises in yellowish needles, melts a t 105", and is readily soluble inall ordinary solvents and in alkalis. When ethylated, it yieldstriethylhomo-orthophthalimide, whose constitution therefore is pro-bably represented by the formula CSHI<Co NEt>.Diazobenzenechloride and benzaldehyde react with the ethylimide, and form com-pounds analogous to those obtained by the action of these substanceson homo-orthophthalimide (loc. cit.) ; homo-orth~hthalet?~ylinzidazo-benzene, C11HIONOZ*N2Ph, crystallises from alcohol in yellow needlesmelting at 139O, and benzalhomo-ort hopht ha1 et hy limide,Ph-CH : C,,HgN02,crystallises from acetic acid in stellate groups of yellow needles, melt-ing at 97".a-Diethylhoni~-orthophtkalic anhydride, C9H4E t20Y, is obtained whendiethylhomo-orthophthalimide is heated with fuming hydrochloricacid at 230". It crystallises in colourless scales, melts at 53", andis sparingly soluble in ammonia, but soluble in warm aqueousalkalis.The barium salt, CgH4EbO4Ba, crystallises in white, silkyscales ; the silver salt, C9H4Et204Ag2, was also prepared. When mixedwith soda-lime and distilled over lime, the anhydride yields a red oil,from which diethyl toluene, C6H5*CHE t2 (b p. = 178"), can be separatedby fractionating between 170-180". If the solution of the anhydridein aqueous potash is treated in the cold with hydrochloric acid,a-diethylhomo-orthophthalic acid, COOH.CsHa*CEt2*COOH, separatesas a crystalline precipitate, which after crystallisation from alcohol,melts at 148" and is converted into the anhydride.a-Dibenzy Zhomo-orthophthalimido, CgH5( C7H,),N02, obtained by di-gesting homo-orthophthalimide with sodium and benzyl chloride inalcoholic solution, crystallises in yellow scales and melts at 174".Unlike the diethylimide, it is insoluble in alkalis, and is only attackedby hydrochloric acid with difficulty even at 300", when it yields acompound which seems to be the anhi/dl-ide of a-dibenzy 1 homo-ortho-phthalic acid ; this crystallises in yellow needles, melts a t 191", andis sparingly soluble iu alkalis.Homo-ol-thophthalbenzylimidr, C,6H13N02, obtained by distilling homo-orthophthalimide with benzylamine, forms yellowish-green crystalswhich melt at 127", and are soluble in alkalis.When heated withCEt2*C1112 ABSTRACTS OF CHKMICAL PAPERS.benzyl chloride and an alkali, it yields a-dibenzylhorrLo-ort~opht~~~b~~z~ll-irnide (tri ben z y1 homo-orthophthalimide), C9H4 ( C7H7),N0,, iden ticalwith that prepared in a similar manner from dibenzylhomo-ortho-phthalimide ; this crystallises in yellowish-white scales, and melts at109".w. P. w.Homo-orthophthalirnide and the Homologues of Isoquino-line. By s. GABRsEL (Bey., 20, 2499-2506) .-Ethyl hon7o-ortho-phthalatc, COOEt.C6&*CH,*COOEt, is obtained either by treating thesilver salt of the acid with ethyl iodide, or by saturating an alcoholicsolution of the acid with hydrogen chloride. It is a thick oil with afaint, aromatic odour, boils at 291*5-292*5", and is not acted on whentreated with sodium in alcoholic solution and then digested with ethyliodide.a-~Methyl~~mn-orthophthalonitrile, CNgC6H4*CHMe*CN, is preparedby treating a lukewarm alcoholic solution of orthocyanohenzyl cyanide(5.7 grams) witb methSl iodide (3 c.c.) and an alcoholic solution ofpotassium hydroxide (2.25 grams), cooling the mixture when necessary,and finally heating at 100" to complete the reaction; the residueleft on distilling off the alcohol is then treated with water, ex-tracted with ether, and the oil remaining after the evaporation ofthe ether is purified by distillation.It crystallises in large triclinicforms, a : b : c = 0.9449 : 1 : 1.0809 ; a = 97' 2'; p = 10.3" 12' ; "1 =87" 11' ; melts a t 36-37", boils a t 284-286", is only slightly volatilewith &earn, and is readily soluble in the ordinay solvents, sparinglysoluble in light petroleum. When the nitrile is dissolved in sulphuricacid, heated at 100' until the reaction is complete, and the productnoured into water-crystallises in compact, glistening.prisms, melts a t 145", distils with-out deconzposition, and dissolves in alkalis. On digestion with methyliodide and alcoholic potash, this compound is converted into tri-methylhomo-orthophthelimide (this vol., p. 50). When the methyl-imide is heated with fuming hydrochloric acid at 190-200" for twohours, it yields a-methylhomo-nrthophthaliG acid ; this is a crystallinepowder, which melts at 146-147" and dissolves in ammonia andalkalis.- >, is prepared by heatinga-methylhomo-orthophthalimide (5 grams) with phosphorus oxy-chloride (15 c.c.) at 190-200" for four hours, extracting the productwith water, and heating the crystalline residue with very diluteaqueous soda ; the insoluble methyldichlorisoquinoline is thenpurified by distillation and crystallised from alcohol.It crystallisesin long, white needles, and melts at 101-102". On treating thealkaline filtrate with an acid, it yields ~nethylchloroxyisoqulinolirte,CMe : C(0H) CHMe-COC6H*<<--CCl s--> or Ci&<-CC1 N->, which crystallisesfrom acetic acid in needles, and melts at 224' with frothing.Homo-orthophthalonitrile, when ethylated under couditions similarThe silver salt, CIOH8Ag204, was analysed.CMe * CC1 Met7LyldichlorisopzLinoline, CJ&<-ccl.ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 1113to those detailed for the methyl-derivative, yields a-eth ylhorno-ortho-phfhalonitrile, CN*C,H,-CHEt.CN, which crystallises in short, compactprisms, melts a t 3 9 4 0 ' , and distils a t 293-295".On treatmentwith snlphuric acid, the ethyl nitrile is converted into a-ethylhomo-orthopkfhalimide, C,,H,,NO, ; this crystallises in colourless needles,melts a t 97-99", dissolves in alkalis, and when heated withphosphorus oxychloride yields et hy ldichl orisopuino line,Orthocyanobenzyl cyanide, when heated at 80" with concentratedsulphuric acid, or a t 100' with fuming hydrochloric acid, is convertedTransformation of Hornologues of Indole into those ofQuinoline. By G. MAGNAEINT (Gazzetta, 17, 246-254) .-Thoughindole and pyrroline are regarded as possessing an analogous consti-tution, yet this view has not as yet been confirmed by experimentalevidence. Ciamician and Dennstedt have shown that derivatives ofpyrroline are readily converted by chloroform or bromoform intothose of pyridine ; by the same reaction, derivatives of indole shonl-1be converted into those of quinoline.In this paper, i t i q shown thatmethylketole and skatole yield suhstnnces which are in all probabilityhalogen-derivatives of quinoline. For example, methylketole whenheated with chloroform in presence of alcoholic soda is converted bya violent reaction into a chloroquinnldine thus: C,H,N + 2NaOH +CHCI, = ClnH8C1N + 2NaC1 + 2H,O; the product is best purifiedby means of the picrate, and subsequent decomposition of the saltformed by potash.Chloroquinaldine, CgH5NMeCl, crystalli,ses in delicate, white needles,melting a t 71-72', insolulrrle in water, very soluble in alcohol andether ; the picrate forms sparingly soluble, yellow needles melting a t223" with decomposition.Bromoguinaldine, CgH5NMeBr, obtained from bromoform underidentical conditions, crystallises in white needles melting at 78" :system, monoclinic; a : b : c = 0.91 : 1 : 0.6'24; p = 64'31' 33". Thepicrate melts at 224-225'.In like manner, skatole yields a chtoro- and bromo-lepidine; theformer crvstallises in delicate needles melting at 54-55", and thepicrate melts a t 208' ; the latter melts at 58*5-59*5", and its picrateat 214-215" with decomposition.The above derivatives are not identical w i t h the methyl halogen-derivatives previously described ; the author considers that thechloroquinaldine from methylketole has the constitution Me : C1 =2' : 3', while the chlorolepidine from skatole has the constitutionC1 : Me = 3' : 4 .into homo-orthophthalimide.w. P. w.V. H. V.Chlorobromonaphthalene. By J. GUARESCHI and P. BIGINELLI(Chem. Centr., 1887, 518--519).-By the action of bromine (1 mol.)on a-monochloronaphthalene (1 mol.), and by the action of chlorineon a-monobromonaphthalene, the same dihalogen-naphthalenes are4 f VOL. LII3 114 ABSTRACTS OF OHERlICAL PAPERS.obtained ; in both cases two chlorobromonaphthaleiies, C,H,CIBr,melting at 66-67' and at 119-119*5" are formed. Parachlorobromo-naphthalene melts at 66-67', boils at 303" (uncorr.), dissolves in etherand acetic acid, and sublimes in needles ; when oxidised with chromicacid (two parts) in acetic acid solution, chlorobromonaphthaquinoneand parachlorobromophthalide are formed.The quinone (probablyparachloroZIromo-a-naphthaquino?Le) crystallises from alcohol in yellowneedles of a silkv lustre melting. at 166 5-167". Parachlorobromo-phthalide crystaliises in tabula;, rhombohedra1 crystals melting at1795-180'.The derivative melting at 119-119*5" forms thin, lustrous plates,more sparingly soluble in alcohol and glacial acetic acid than itsisomeride ; when oxidised with chromic acid, a-chlorophthalic acid,melting at 183-184", is formed (Guareschi, Ahstr., 1886, 353). Inthe compound melting at 119", the halogen is therefore contained inboth benzene nuclei. N. H. M.Nitrosamines. By 0, FISCHER and E. HEPP (Bey., 20, 2471-2478).-When an alcoholic solution of P-naphthylethylnitrosamine,cooled in ice, is treated with alcoholic hydrogen chloride, a-nitroso-$-ethylnaphthylamine, [NO : NHEt = 1 : 21, is obtained; this crystal-lises from benzene in well-formed, flat tables, melts at 120-121", andyields salts readily soluble in water.On the addition of potassiumnitrite to the solution of the base in dilute sulphuric acid, a nitros-amine is formed, and crystsllises in long, hair-like needles, whilst onreduction with tin and hydrochloric acid, or allowing a solution ofthe base in alcoholic hydrogen chloride to remain at 10-15" for sometime, or on treating p-naphthylethylnitrosamine with alcoholichydrogen chloride at the ordinary temperature, ethenyl-a-P-naphthyl-enediaurine, C,2H,aN2 (this vol., p.729), is obtained. The hydrochlorideof the anhydro-base, U12HloNz,HCl + 2H20, crystallises in slender,colourless needles, and is sparingly soluble in water, and the baseitself is identical with that prepared by Liebermann and Jaoobson(Abstr., 1882, 521).The base obtained from P-phenylnaphthylnitroswnine by treatingits alcoholic solution in the cold with alcoholic hydrogen chloride, isidentical with naphthaphenazine (this vol., p. 591) ; the yield amonntsto 10 per cent.Nitrosoaniline, C6HaNz0, is formed when nitrosophenol (1 part) isheated with ammonium chloride (5 parts) and ammonium acetate(10 parts) at 100' for half an hour; the product is then poured intowater, and the dark-green, orystalline precipitate is purified bycrystallisation from benzene.It forms steel-blue, curved needles,and melt8 at 173-1 74'. Like nitrosodimethylaniline, it yieldssodium iiitrosophenol and ammonia, when boiled with aqueous soda.Although nitrosoaniline oould not be obtained by the action ofammonia on nitrosophenol, it is possible to prepare a-nitroso-P-ethyl-naphthy lamine by heating a-nitrosonaphthol with ethylamine at loo",and the authors suggest that Ilinski's orthonaphthalene-a-oxime-p-imide (Abstr., 1886, 474) should be regarded as a-nitroso-p-naphthylamineORGANIC C E€E JlISTR T. 1115When nitrosophenylglycocine (Abstr., 1878, 795) is dissolved in2 parts of alcohol, treated with 3 parts of alcoholic hydrogenchloride, and allowed to remain for 12 hours, a crystalline mas3 isobtaiiied which is precipitated froni cold alcoholic solution by ether inyellow scales of the composition C6E3[6N30C1.The compound explodeswhen heated, is decomposed by water with the evolution of two-thirdsof its nitrogen, and dissolves in concentrated hydrochloric acid with-out decomposition. Its pZatinochloride, ( c6H6N#C1),,PtC14. crystallisesin yellow scales, and decomposes on boiling with water with a separa-tion of platinum. The compound is regarded as the diazo-salt ofphenylhydroxy lamine, since the aqueous solution after boiling reducessilver and cupric salts, and the compound when added to boilingabsolute alcohol decomposes with evolution of nitrogen and an odourof aldehyde, and after distilling off the alcohol it yields a residuefrom which a pale-yellow oil can be separated by steam distillation.The oil, CI2H,,N,O,, has all the properties of a feeble base, and formsa hydrochloride crystallising in white prisms.This compound alsoreduces an ammoniacal silver solution, slowly reduces Fehliris’ssolution, and is wholly converted into benzidine on treatment wlthtin and hydrochloric acid. It is regarded as diphenyldibydroxylamin ,OHnNHCsH**CsH4*NH*OH [NH*OH : C6H4 = 1 : 41. w. P. w.Derivatives of Camphor. By L. BALBIANO (Gazzettu, 17, 240-245).-It has recently been shown by the author (thk vol., p. 1049)that the reaction of phenylhydrazine on camphor is essentially dif-ferent from that of the same reagent on substances formed on theethylenic oxide type, such as epichlorhydrin.I n continuation ofexperiments on the derivatives of camphor, it is shown that chloro-and bromo-camphor, on oxidation with alkaline permanganate, yieldcamphoric acid, thus confirming the results of Armstrong (Ber., 12,1358) and Schiff (Gazzetta, 9, 324) in opposition to those of Cazeneuve.The inertness of derivatives of camphor towards hydroxylamineaffords no evidence as to the absence of the carbonyl-group in thesecompounds, inasmuch as the reaction will not proceed in the presenceof solvents, and even phenylhydrazine under these conditions will notalways react, and, secondly, some compounds containing two carbonyl-groups, such as benzoylacetone a4nd phenanthraquinone, react O I I ~ Ywith partial substitution of the isonitroso-residue.Strophanthin. By T.R. FRASER (Pharm. J. Trans. [3], 18, 69).-It has been found that the substance obtained by the former procepsfor the preparation of strophanthin, is resolved by lead acetate into a tleast two others-one an extremely active glucoside, and the other anacid for which the name kombic acid is suggested. To obtain purestrophanthin, the following is the process ultimately adopted. Theproduct obtained in the earlier process is dissolved in water, tannicacid is added, and the tannate digested with recently precipitated leadoxide. The alcoholic extract from this is precipitated with ether, fheprecipitate dissolved in weak alcohol, and carbonic anhydride ispassed through the liquid for several hours to remove lead. Thesolution is then evaporated at a low temperature and dried in itV.H. V.4 .f 1116 ADSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.vacuurn. StrophantIhin thus obt,ained is imperfectly crystalline,neutral, intensely bitter, freely soluble in water, less so in rectifiedspirit, and nearly insoluble in ether and chloroform. It burns withoutresidue, and the results of analysis agree fairly with the formulaC20H31010. 'Nearly all acid reagents cause its solutions to become turbid,and the liquid is then found to contain glucose. This decompositionis also produced by hydrogen sulphide, especially when heated. Manyorganic acids, and all mineral acids, except carbonic, resolve stroph-anthin, even in the cold, into glucose and a substance which the authornames strophanthidin.Therefore, neither hydrogen sulphide nor acids(espccially-mineral acids) should be used in the preparation of stroph-anthin. The crystalline product obtained by Hardy and Gallois- in1877, by extracting the seeds with rectified spirit acidified with hydro-chloric acid, was supposed by them to be strophanthin ; and as itfailed to yield glucose when heated with dilute sulphiiric acid, theyinferred that strophanthin is not a gluooside. But there can be littledoubt, both from the mode ol its preparation and also from its reac-tions, that their product was strophanthidin.Strophanthus and Strophanthin. By E. MERR (Pharm. J .Tr-rws. [3], 18, 72).-When the fatty oil in the seeds of Strophanthus isextracted by ether previously to treating them with alcohol, t'he etherealsolution will also contain a certain amount of strophanthin, and tothis circumstance the small activity of the alcoholic tincture ofstrophanthus of commerce is in part due.The author obtains stroph-authin as a white, crystalline powder which melts at 185" and vola-tilises without reeidue. R. R.R. R.Strophanthus and Strophanthin. By W. ELBORNE (Pharm. J.lkans. [3], 18, dlS).-The following process for preparing strophan-thin obviates certain objections to which Gerrard's process is open.The seed in fine powder is mixed into a thin paste with water to which10 per cent. of alcohol has been added ; this is set aside for 12 hours,then agitated with six times its volume of absolute alcohol, and, aftersix hours, is filtered.The residue is washed with rectified spirit, andthe washings added to the filtrate, and from the whole four-fifths ofthe alcohol is removed by distillation. To the remainder, solution oflead subacetate is added, and the mixture is heated to loo", filtered,and allowed to cool. The lead is then removed from the cold filtrateby precipitation with hydrogen sulphide ; the filtrate is agitated withamyl alcohol, which dissolves out the strophanthin and yields it onevaporation as a colourless film that crumbles on removal into a non-deliquescent, white powder. R. R.By A. TECHIRCH (Chem. Cerr fr., 1887, 669).-Phyl-locyanic acid is obtained by dissolving crude chlorophyllan in concen-trated hydrochloric acid, aud precipitating with excess of water. Thissubstance can also be obtained in minute cryqtals from solutions inalcohol and ether.Its spectrum agrees with that of chlorophyllan ;it also gves a zinc compound containing 11.07 per cent. of the met21 ;with alkalis it forms very soluble combinations. The formulaChlorophyllORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 1117C?9H4,N206 is provisionally assigned to this compound. The proportionof phyllocyanic acid present, which appears in leaves in the form ofchlorophyll, can be estimated by the chemical or spectroscopicalmethods. I n the dark-brown leaves of the Fuchsia ovata, the propor-tion of the absorbing chlomphyll matter varied from 2.5 to 5 per cent.of the dried substance, apart from the ash of the leaves ; the presenceof copper diminishes the fluorescence.V. H. V.Preparation of Picrocarmine. By L. GEDOLST (Chern. Cerbtr.,1887, 599) .-In order to prepare picrocarmin for microscopical pur-poses the following method is proposed. About half a gram ofcarmine is dissolved in 100 C.C. of water containing 5 C.C. of a 1 percent. solution of soda ; the solution is then boiled, filtered, and madeup again to 100 C.C. To neufiralise the liquid, it is mixed with anequal volume of water; a 1 per: cent. solution of picric acid is thenadded, which causes a t first a turbidity which subsequently disappears ;the non-disappearance of the turbidity serves as an indication that thepoint of neutralisation has been passed.Diastase. By L. SCHARTLER (Chem. Centr., 1887, 534).-Purediastase is prepared as follows :-lo kilos.of light, ground malt, 30grams of sodium hydrogen carbonate, and 12 to 14 litres of water areheated a t 40°, digested for two hours, the liquid drawn off, and 6 to 8litres more water added. After some time, the second supply of wateris drawn off, added to the firstl liquor, heated at 65", and passedthrough a sieve: twice the volume of alcohol is added and the clearsolution drawn off ; the residue containing the diastase is treated witha little warm distilled water, the solution separated from the undis-solved albuminoids, and precipitated with alcohol. It is dried a t 50"and then powdered.V. H. V.The yield is 1 to 1+ per cent. N. H. M.Pyridinepolycarboxylic Acids. By J. WEBER (Annulen, 241,1-32) .-Carbodinicotinic acid, or 2 : 3 : 5-pyridinetricarboxylic acid,cannot be obtained directly from pyridinetetracarboxylic acid, but 1 tcan be prepared by starting from symmetrical lutidinedicarboxylicacid.On oxidation with the theoretical quantity of potassium per-manganate, a-meth ylcarbodinicotiriic mid (2 : 3 : 5 a-picolinetricarb-oxylic acid), C,NHMe(COOH)3, is formed. It is isolated by acidtfg-ing the crude product with acetic acid and adding barium chloride.The precipitate is washed and decomposed by a slight excess,o€ dilutesulphuric acid. On evaporating the filtrate, a-methylcarbodinicotinicacid is deposited in crystalline masses. The acid crystallises with1 mol. H,O. It, turns yellow at 170°, and melts with decomposition a t2 ' 2 6 O , forming a crystalline sublimate ; if kept at a temperature of150" for some time, it is converted into a-methyldinicotinic acid.Thefree acid forms precipitates in solutions of silver, lead, mercurous,cadmium, and zinc salts, also with barium and calcium salts in thepresence of ammonia. The copper and silver salts, and the acid potas-sium salt, C,NHMe(COOH), + C,NHMe(COOH)2.COOK + 6H20,are crystalline.a-Hethyldinicotinic acid, C,NH2Me(COOH)2 + H20 [Me : (COOH)1118 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.= 2 : 3 : 51, is soluble in hot water, and is deposited on slowly coolinqthe solution in needle-shaped crystals. The acid melts between 245"and 250" with decomposition. The neutral solution gives crystallineprecipitates with lead (C,H,NO,Pb + 2H20) and cadmium salts, andamorphous precipitates with the salts of silver and mercury.The hydrochloride, C8H7N04,HC1 + 1 or 14H20, forms transparentcr,ystals which rapidly become opaque on exposure to the air.Carbodinicotinic acid, C,NH,(COOH), + l+H,O, is formed by theOxidation of the preceding acid with potassium permanganate.Nitrateof silver is added to the crude solution, the precipitate is dissolved inthe minimum quantity of boiling nitric acid, and on cooling, the acidsilver salt, crystallises out. The free acid is liberated by the actionof hydrogen sulphide on the silver salt. It dissolves freely inhot water, and forms colourless crystals. Prolonged heating at 150"completely converts the acid into dinicotinic acid which melts at 323"with decomposition.p- Carbociirchomeronic acid (3 : 4 : 5-pyridinetricarboxylic acid),CjNH,(COOH), + 3H20, can be prepared by converting 4-phenyl-pyridinetetracarboxylic acid into 4-phenyldinicotinic acid and oxidisingthe phenyl in this acid to carboxyl. Amuch better yield is obtainedby heating pyridinepentacarboxylic acid or its acid potassium salt,C5N(COOH),(C00K)2 + 3$H20.The crude product is convertedinto t'he silver salt, which is decomposed by hydrochloric acid yieldinga mixture of cinchomeronic and p-carbocinchomeronic acids. Theformer is sparingly soluble in water. P-Carbocinchomeronic acid crys-tallises in plates and melts with decomposition a t 261". The silver salt,C5NH,(COOAg), + 2H20, and the calcium and barium salts are crys-t R I line.Berberolzic a.cid is neither identical with p-carbocinchomeronic acidnor with carbodinicotinic acid.It must therefore be regarded asa'-carbocinchomeronic acid.Symmetrical and unsymmetrical pyridinetetracnrboxylic acids havebeen prepared, but not the " consecutive " isomeride 2: 3 : 4 : 5-pyri-dinetetracarboxylic acid. Lutidinetricarboxylic acid is converted into2 : 4-dimethyldinicotinic acid [Mez : (COOH)2 = 2 : 4 : 3 : 51 at 175" ;this crystallises in yellow needles containing 2 mols. H,O. The acidloses its water of crystallisation at 130" and melts at 255" with decom-position. ThepZatinoc7~7oride, (C,NH,0,)2,H,PtCI,, forms orange-coloured plates, andis decomposed by water. On oxidation with potassium permanganate,2 : 4-dimethyldinicotinic acid yields a mixture of pyridinetetracarb-oxylic and 4-methylcarbodinicotinic acids.The tetracnrboxylic acid[ (COOH), = 2 : 3 : 4 : 51 crystallises in prisms containing 2 or 3 mols.H,O. At 120" it begins to lose carbonic anhydride, yielding p-carbo-cinchomeronic acid. The barium salt, C9NH08Ba2 + 4&0, is pre-cipitated on adding barium chloride to a solution of ammoniumpyridinetetracarboxylate. The add silver salt,is precipitated on the addition of silver nitrate to the acid in thepresence oE a small quantity of nitric acid.The hydrochloride crystallises with 1 or & mol. H,O.C~NH(COOH)(COOAg), + CJVH(COOAg), + 1H,OORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 11194- Methylcrcrbodinicotinic ocid or 2 : 3 : 5-picolinetricarboxyrylic acid,[Me : (COOH), = 4 : 2 : 3 : 51, is less soluble in water than the tetra-carboxylic acid.It crystallises with 1 mol. H,O in needles and with2 mols. H,O in prisms, When the acid is heated ai; 205", it turnsyellow and slowly loses carbonic anhydride, forming a black porousmass ; at 2SS-260" a rapid evolution of gas takes place, and the massswells up to three or four times its original volume. The free acidproduces in silver, lead, coppel., and mercurous salts precipitates whichbecome crystalline after a time. In presence of ammonia, the acid givescrystalline precipitates with calcium and barium salts, In hot solu-tions, cadmium sulphate produces a crystalline precipitate which re-dissolves on cooling. Ferrous sulphate gives rise to a deep-redcoloration. The constitution of the acid is verified by the fact, thatthe calcium salt on dry distillation yields the y-picoline described byLange (Abstr., 1186, 256).w. c. w.New Dimethoxyquinoline. By G. GOLDSCHMIEDT (Monatsh.Chem., 8, 342-348).-In the course of experiments made to ascertainthe position of the methoxy-groups in papaverine, the author prepareda dimethoxyquinoline from the nitro-compound of veratric acid,COOH*CsH,(OMe)z = (1 : 3 : 4), by reducing this with tin and hydro-chloric acid, and directly condensing the stannochloride of amido-veratric acid with glycerol, according to Skraup's method.The dimethoxyquinoline so obtained was an oil, the boiling pointof which was not determined. The hydrochloride obtained by dis-solving the base i n dilute hydrochloric acid forms large, white needles,easily soluble in water, sparingly in alcohol.The platinochloride is abright yellow, crystalline powder. The picrate is obtained in slender,yellow needles, which melt at 257" with violent decomposition. Thechromate consists of a bright yellow, crystalline powder.The position of the nitrogen to the methoxy-groups in this com-pound is not certain, since the position of the nitro-group in thenitroveratric acid is not definitely known, but the most probableposition is [OMe : 0Me : NOz = 2 : 3 : 41. G. H. M.Synthesis of Hydroxyquinolinecarboxylie Acid. By E.LIPPMANN and F. FLEISSNER (Monutsh. Chem., 8,311-326).-The pre-paration and properties of this acid have been previously described(this vol., p. 63) ; the authors, however, find that a larger yield isobtained when a smaller quantity of potassium hydroxide is usedthan was previously recommended.The pyridinedicarboxylic acidobtained by oxidation with alkaline permanganate has now beenidentified with Hoogewerff and van Dorp's quinolinic acid, since whenheated it loses carbonic anhydride, and is converted into nicotinicacid. This acid must therefore be orthohydroxyquinoliiiecarb-oxyiic acid. When brominated, the acid yields dibromhydroxy-quinoline.When o-hydroxyquinolinecarboxylic acid is treated with nascenthydrogen in acid solution, it yields tetrahydrohydroxyqzLinolinecarb-oxylic acid. This forms brilliant, quadratic crystals, which melt at265" with decomposition; it is sparingly soluble in water and alcohol1120 ABSTRACTS OF CHENICAL PAPERS.insoluble in benzene, ether, or chloroform.The aqueous solutionhas an acid reaction, reduces silver nitrate, and gives precipitateswith salts of the heavy metals. Iron salts give a characteristic cherry-red coloration with the acid soliition. Dilute nitric acid gives thenitrate, which forms brownish-yellow needles.The subhate and acetate are sparingly soluble in water. The nitrosn-compound forms a white crystalline precipitate melting a t 195", whichis slightly soluble in water or dilute acid, with a cherry-red coloration.When treated with ethyl iodide and alcohol, the tetrahydro-acidgives the hydriodide of eth!/ltrihydrohlldroxypuinolinecarboxlllic acid,which forms large white needles, easily soluble in hot water, moresparingly in cold.Etkyltrihydro hydroa ypuino linecarbox y 1 ic acid isobtained in beautiful prisms, when the hydriodide is decomposed withammonia; it, melts a t 220°, and is very sparingly soluble in all solvents.Measurement of the crystals gave a : b : c = 1 : 1.510 : ?.Parahydrox2/quinolinecarboxylic acid is obtained when parahydroxy-quinoline, soda, and carbon tetrachloride are mixed in alcoholicsolution, and the whole boiled for 2 to 3 hours. When purified, theacid separates -as a white, flocculent precipitate, which melts a t 220",and gives a blood-red coloration with iron chloride. The bariuni saltforms slightly soluble, stellate prisms ; the copper, silver, and lead saltsare almost absolutely insoluble.The hydrochloride obtained by dis-solving the acid in dilute hydrochloric acid is easily soluble in hotwater, sparingly in cold ; when dried over lime, it does not lose hydro-chloric acid, thus differing from the analogous ortho-compound. Theplatinochloride is a dark-yellow, crystalline powder. Attempts toform a hydro-acid were unsuccessful. When oxidised with alkalinepotassium permanganate, the acid yields quinoliaic acid, so that thisacid must also be regarded as a parahydroxyquinolinecrtrboxylic acid.Tetramethyldiquinolyline from Benzidine. By C. SCHESTOPAL(Ber., 20, 2506-2510). - Tetrawiathyldiquinolyl isle, C22H20N2, isobtained by heating benzidine (1 mol.) with acetone (4 mols.) andconcentrated hydrochloric acid at 180" for two days, and subsequentlyprecipitating the base with an alkali; methane is formed during thereaction.A second method of preparation consists in saturating itmixture of acetone and yaraldehyde in molecular proportions withhydrogen chloride, and after some hours heating the product withbenzidine and concentrated hydrochloric acid in a reflux apparatus.The base crystallises in nacreous scales, melts a t 232", and is insolublein water, sparingly soluble in ether, and readily soluble in alcohol.The hydrochloride, C22H,oN2,2KCl, crystallises in white,. glisteningneedles, and is readily soluble in water, sparingly soluble in alcohol ;the sulphate, C22HzoN2,H2S04, crystallises from water in small, whiteneedles, and from alcohol in large, rhombic prisms ; the dichrornate,C,,H,N,,H,Cr20,, crystallises in small, orange-yellow needles, whichbecome brown on exposure to light, and are sparingly soluble in water ;the platinochloride, C,2H20N2,H2PtCI,, crystallises in flat, reddish-yellowneedles, and the picrate is insoluble in water and cold alcohol. Themethiodide, Cz2HzoN2,2MeI, crystallises in yellow needles, melts at about27U" with decomposition, and is readily soluble in water and alcohol,G. H.MORGANIC CHEXISTHP. 1121insoluble in ether ; the ethiodide, C2,H,,N,,2EtI, crystallises in large,flat, straw-coloured needles, melts a t 158" with decomposition, and issoluble in alcohol and water, insoluble in ether ; the hydrochloride ofthe chloriodide, C,2HzoN,,21C1,2HCl, forms slender, flesh-colouredneedles. When the base is heated with benzaldehyde in the presenceof zinc chloride a t 180" for 4 to 5 hours, a compound is obtained, whichcrvstallises froiii alcohol in large, vellow needles.The constitutiono f this tetramethyldiquinolylile ' is probably represented by theCH : CMe CMe * CH formula < CMe : N >C6H3*C6H3< N : CMe >. w. P. w.Pyrasolone-derivatives from Ethyl Benzoylacetate. By L.KNORR and C. KLOTZ (Ber., 20, 2545--2550).-Ethyl beneoylaceta te,like ethyl acetoacetate, reacts with phenylhydrazine, and yieldsdiphenylpyrazolone, and inasmuch as ethyl succinosuccinate (Abstr.,1884, 1380) and ethyl oxalacetate (this vol., p. 234) also formpyrazolone-derivatives under similar conditions, this reaction seemsto be characteristic for ethyl salts of ketonic acids of the generalf ormnla ROC; 0 CH2*C OOE t.Diphenylpyraxolone, r J P h < ~ o ~ ~ ~ > , obtained by the action ofphenylhydrazine on ethyl benzoylacetate, melts a t 137", and is verysparingly soluble in water, sparingly soluble in ether and light petro-leum, readily soluble in alcohol, chloroform, benzene, and acetic acid.The hydrochloride, CI,Hl,N,O,HCl, crystallises in small, white needles,and is readily soluble in alcohol ; the sulphate, CI5H,,N2O,HZSO4, meltsa t 237".On treatment of its alkaline solution with sodium nitrite,isonitrosodiphenylpyrazolone, C,N,Ph,O : NOH is formed ; this melts at197-200". DLpheny @yrazoZoneaxobenzene, CJHN2Ph20*N2Ph, is ob-tained when diazobenzene chloride is added to a cooled solution ofdiphenylpyrazolone in acetic acid ; it crystallises in matted needles,and melts a t 170-171".Diphenylpyrazolone, when heated with an excess of benzaldehyde,is converted into benzylidenediphenylpyraxolone, C,N,Ph,O : CHPh,which crystallises in slender needles, and melts a t 147" ; when, how-ever, an excess of diphenylpyrazolone is employed, benzylidene-bis-di-p l w ~ y l p y r ~ ~ z o l o n e , C3HN,Ph,0*CHPh*C3HN2Ph20, is also obtained ; thisforms colourlcss crystals, melting at about 220".Bis-dzjdienyZpyrnzo-lone, C30H22N402, is formed by the oxidation of diphenylpyrazolonewith phenylhydrazine a t the boiling point ; it melts above 350".On treatment with methyl alcohol and methyl iodide a t 100" in asealed tube, diphenylpyrazolone yields diphenylmethylpyrazolone,NPh<NMe.CPh>.This compound crystallises in white needles,melts a t 1N0, and is sparingly soluble in hot water, ether, and lightpetroleum, readily soluble in alcohol and acetic acid. The hydro-chloride, C,H14N20,HC1, crystallises in satiny needles, and is decom-posed by water ; the ferrocyanide, (C,6H14N,o),,H4Fe(CN)6, is a white,crystalline precipitate ; the picrate, ~,6H14~,o,C6H,(No,)~oH, meltsa t 170". With bromine, diphenylmethylpyrazolone yields an additiveproduct, which on treatment with water is converted inlo the substi-co-C1122 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.tntion derivative ClsHl,NzOBr ; this melts at 110-120", and is solublein water. w. P. w.Weyl's Reaction for Creatinine.By J. GUARESCHI (Chew,.Centr., 1887, 58O).-Weyl has shown that a red coloration is producedon the addition of a few drops of sodium nitroprusside and soda, to asolution of creatinine ; Salkowsky has further shown that the additionof acetic acid causes a bluish-green coloration. According to theauthor, this reaction is not restricted to creatinine, hut is commonalso to substances allied to it, such as thio- and methyl-hydantojin, andcompounds derived from them. Thus if carbamide or thiocarbamideis melted with an amido-acid, the product gives the above reaction.I t is apparently characteristic of compounds containing the glycollyl-group (;H2*C0, associated with two nitrogen-atoms. V. H. V.Cryptopine and its Salts. By E. KAUDER (Pharm. J.Tram.[3], 18,250) .-To the mother-liquor from which codeine, narce'ine, thehaine,and papaverine have been separated iu the usual way, sodium hydroxideis added in excess, and the resulting precipitate is washed with hotwater, and redissolved by hydrochloric acid. The solution on coolingforms a gelatinous mass, which changes in two or three days intosoft crystals. These are collected, redissolved in hot water, the hotsolution filtered through charcoal, and allowed to cool, when it gela-tinises and crystallises. The dried crystals are finally dissolved inhot alcohol, from which on cooling pure white crystals of cryptopinehydrochloride are obtained in soft masses, but without any gelatinouscharacter. From a warm aqueous solution of this salt, ammonia pre-cipitates the alkaloid in minute crystah.Crjptopine undergoes littleor no decomposition when treated with hydrochloric acid, thus differ-i n g from other opium alkaloids. The normal sulphate of cryptopinedoes not crystallise ; the acid snlphate gelatinises as the solution cools,and the jelly shows but slight signs of cry stallisation after remainingfor weeks. Normal cryptopine meconate is not soluble in cold, butis slightly so in boiling water. The analytical results correspond withthe formula (Cz1HaOS)2C7Hd07 + 10HzO. Probably it is in thisform that cryptopine exists in opium, all kinds of which containit in varying amounts. Its physiological effects have not yet beenexamined. R. R.Cinchona Alkaloids. By W. J. COMSTOCK and W. KOENIGS(Ber., 20, 2510 - 2567).- The action of bromine on cirichinein chloroform solution (this vol., p. 282) gives rise to twocinchine dibromides in about equal proportions ; that already de-scribed is now termed a- and its isomeride p-cinchine dibromide.The two compounds can readily be separated by treatment with hot,dilute hydrobromic acid, since the a-dibromide crystallises out inconcentrically-grouped needles, whilst the P-dibromide remains insolution. a-Cinchine dibromide crystallises in monoclinic forms ;a : b : c = 0.95699 : 1 : 0.86861 ; /3 = 65" 52' ; observed faces, mPm,mP, sm, and + P. &-Ginchine dibromide melts at 133 - 134", anticrystallises in rhombic forms ; a : b : c = 0.55524 : 1 : 1.2017 j observeORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 11232P2faces, Pm, Pm, OP, and + -2 .The a-dibromide is not convertedinto the p-compound or vice vers6 by prolonged heating a t 130", andi t is somewhat more soluble in alcohol and ether than its isomeride.Hot dilute nitric acid dissolves the a-dibromide, and the nitrate oncooling separates in colourless crystals ; whilst the @-derivative,when similarly treated, is obtained in a form resembling that ofrecently precipitated silica. Both compounds yield zincochlorides,which cryst,allise in colourless needles, and melt almost simultaneouslyat about 250". The dibromides separated from the nitrates or zincsalts melt at their original temperatures, although both are convertedinto the same dehydrocinohine on treatment with alcoholic potash.Cinchonine, on bromination in a mixture of alcohol and chloroformat the ordinary temperature, also yields two dibromides, and thesecan be separated by the method employed with the a-cinchine-deri-vatives.The a-dibromide, the isomeride already described (Zor. cit.),crystallises with 1 mol. H20, whilst the &compound crybtallisedunder similar conditions is always an hydrous. Both derivativesyield sparingly soln ble salts, which seem to crystallise differently, andthe hydrobromide of the 8-compound is more readily soluble in hot,dilute hydrobromic acid.Chinine dibrowide, C20H22Br2N20, is obtained by the action of bro-mine dissolved in chloroform on a chloroform solution of chinine.The hydrobromide, C,oH22Br2N20,2HBr + 2H20, is a citron-yellow,crystalline mass, sparingly soluble in cold water, alcohol, and excessof hydrobromic acid.When the base is heated with alcoholic potashfor seven to eight hours, it yields dehydrochinine, C20H20N20, which,after repeated recrystallisation of its tartrate, is obtained as a thickoil, slowly solidifying to a mass of long needles. It crystallises withat least, 3 mols. HzO, melts above 40", and is almost insoluble inwater, readily soluble in alcohol, wood-spirit, and ether. The solutionin sulphuric acid has an intense greenish-blue fluorescence, and on theaddition of chlorine and ammonia becomes green. The hydrobromideforms yellow crystals, and is readily soluble in water, less so inalcohol.Hy drochloroquinine, C20H25C1N,02, is formed when quinine hydro-chloride is treated with 10 times its weight of hydrochloric acidsaturated a t -17", and allowed to remain for a week at the ordinarytemperature; the base is precipitated by ammonia and purified byconversion into its nitrate, which is then repeatedly crystallised fromvery dilute nitric acid. It melts at It;6-187", and is insoluble inwater, but crystallises well from ether and alcohol.The nitrateforms colourless crystals, is very sparingly soluble iu dilute nitricacid, and its aqueous solution fluoresces an intense blue, and givesthe green coloration on treatment with chlorine-water and ammonia.Hydrobrornoyuinine, CloH2,BrN2O2, obtained by the action of hydro-lcromic acid saturated a t -li", on quinine dihydrobromide in thecold, yields a well-crystallised acid hydrochloride and hydrobromide ;the latter has the composition CmH25E(rNz02,2HBr.Neither the hydro-chloro- nor the hydrobromo-qninine are soluble in aqueous potash, buton treatment for 50 days at the ordinary temperature with 10 time1124 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.its weight of hydrobromic acid saturated a t -17", acid quinine hydro-bromide yields a cornpound, C20H27Br3N202, which dissolves com-pletely in dilute aqueous potash, and is precipitated from the solutionby carbonic anhydride. It i d soluble in ether, and its solution insulphuric acid shows no fluoresceuce.HlldrochlorocinclLonine, C19H23C1Nz0, obtained in a similar mannerfrom cinchonine hydrochloride, melts at 21 2-213". The dihydro-chloride crystallises in well-formed prisms.When the base is heatedwith alcoholic potash for 10 to 12 hours, it loses chlorine andseems to be converted, like the hydrobromo-derivative, into isocin-chonine and a small quantity of cinchonine. Hydro bromocinchonine,C19H2J3rN20, prepared similarly from cinchonine dihydrobromide,is identical with the base obtained by Skraup (Arznalen, 201, 324),and when heated with silver oxide, yields as stated by him silverbromide and an organic base of peculiar odour recalling that ofacetamide and piperidine ; this change, however, does not occur inthe cold. The same odour is produced when hydrobromocinchonineis heated with dilute sulphuric acid and lead dioxide or manganesedioxide with the addition of some silver sulphate, and the productafterwards saturated with an alkali; cinchonic acid is also formedduring the oxidation with manganese dioxide.Isocinchonine, CI9Hz,Nz0, is formed when hydrobromocinchonine(1 part) is heated in a retlux apparatus with potassium hydroxide(2 parts), and alcohol (30 parts), until the base is free from bromine.At the same time, cinchonine is also obtained, and the two bases areseparated by treatment with ether; the small quantity of cinchonineis then removed by converting the residue obtained from the etherealsolution into the zincochloride, and crystallising from aqueouszinc chloride, in which solvent the isocinchonine compound is sparinglysoiuble in the cold.Isocinchonine melts a t 125-127", and, unlikecinchonine, is extremely soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, carbonbisulphide, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. With acids, it yields forthe most part soluble salts, and when carefully heated in smallquantity volatilises without decomposition. The xincochloride,~19HzzNz0,2HC1,ZnCl~, crystallises in small, colourless needles audmelts a t 260-262'.Hydrobromocinchine, C19H,,BrN2, obtained by dissolving cinchine in10 times its weight of hydrobromic acid saturated in a freezingmixture of ice arid salt, and allowing the solution to remain fortwo days, crystallises from ether in monoclinic forms; a : b : c =0.85412 : 1 : 0.82801 ; 6 = 63" 7' ; and is isomorphous with 3-cinchinedibromide (m. p. = 113"). It melts between 105" and 116", and dissolvesreadily in alcohol, ether, &c., but only sparingly in light petroleum. Thezincochloride crystallises well. Cinchine does not seem to form addi-tion compouncls with 2 mols. of a haloid acid or 2 mols. of bromine.P-Cinchine dibromide, for example, when treated with bromine inchloroform solution, yields a perbromide, which is converted into theunaltered base on the addition of sodium hydrogen sulphite ; whilstcinchine, when heated with coiicentrated hydrobromic acid at loo",yields a base which could not be crystallised, and which seems tocontain somewhat less bromine than hydrobromocinchineORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 11.35H~Jdrobro?nodehydrocinchonine, C19H21BrN20, is prepared by allowinga solution of dehydrocinchonine in concentrated hydrobromic acid toremain for eight days. It forms anhydrous crystals, and melts atabout 235". The corresponding dehydrocinchonine dibromide couldnot be prepared by the action of bromine on dehydrocinchonine inchloroform solution, but under these conditions a crystalline basemelting a t 288" is obtained, whose composition approximates to thatof a monobrornodehydrocinchoninc, C19H,9BrN20.Pyridine-derivatives do not seem t o form halogenated compoundswhen treated with hydrobromic acid saturated at - 17" ; thus pyridineand quinoline are unaltered in the cold or when heated a t 140" withthe acid ; tetrahydroquinoline is unaffected in the cold, and the tertiarybase, C,H,,N, obtained by Fischer and Steche (this vol., pp. 588 and976), which is probably a partially hydrogenated quinoline-derivative,and methyllepidone are similarly unattacked. From considerationsbased on the oxidation of cinchonine and quinine with chromic acid,the authors regard it as improbable that the quinoline-group in themolecule is hydrogenated, and since these alkaloids, together withcinchine and dehydrocinchonine, readily combine with a molecule ofhydrogen bromide or chloride, it is evident that the addition mustoccur in the complex C,H16N0, which seems to have the same con-stitntion for both alkaloids. w. P. w.Preparation of Aconitine. By J. WILLrhMs (Pharm. J. Trans.[3], 18, 238-240).--The dried, coarsely ground root of Aconitum?hapellus is exhausted with amyl alcohol, the solution is agitated withvery dilute sulphuric acid (1 : 600), the alkaloid is precipitatedfrom the acid by sodium carbonate, and then dissolved either inalcohol or in ether, and allowed t o crystallise. The necessary pre-cautions are detailed in the original. R. R.Curare. By R. BOEHM (Chern. Centr., 1887, 520).-Besides theactive principle, curarine, contained in curare, the author has founda second base, cinrrine, which has no actiou oil the organism. This isa white, microcrystalline substance, soluble in water, readily soluble inalcohol, chloroform, and in dilute acids. The solutions give a thick,white precipitate with metaphosphoric acid.The separation of curarine is effected by means of platinic chloride ;it is a yellow substance. 0.35 mgrm. is sufficient to kill a rabbitweighing 1 kilo. ; 0.003-0*005 mgrm. will kill a frog. N. H. M.The Alkaloids of Coca Leaves. By 0. HESSE (Pharm. J. Trans.[3], 18, 71).-The autlior dissents from Stockman's opinion t,hafamorphous cocaine is a solution of true cocaine in hygrine. Cocaleaves finely divided, and extracted by ether, give on agitation of theethereal solution with hydrochloric acid, a liquid which although a tfirst non-fluorescent, after a time becomes distinctly fluorescent, thusshowing that hygrine is a product of subsequent decomposition. Theamorphous bases easily separated from cocaine, give a platinum saltcontaining 18.44 per cent. platinum ; but these are not homogeneous,for the author has been able to separate by fractional precipitation 1126 ABSTRACTS OF CZIEMICAL PAPERS.well-defined base, which he has called cocamine. This has the samecomposition as cocaine, CI7Hz1NO~ ; it dissolves readily in ether,alcohol, or chloroform, and on evaporation remains in an amorphouscondition. Its hydrochloride, C17HzlN04,HC1, is amorphous, neutral,and soluble in water and alcohol ; when dried at 120" it loses weight,and eventually becomes insoluble in cold water. R. R.Separation of Hygrine from Cocaine. By W. C. HOWARDP h a u n . J . Trans. [3J, 18, 71).--In a liquor containing cocai'ne,hygrine, &c., neutralised by hydrochloric acid, platinum chlorideproduces a doubtfully semi-crystalline precipitate, part of which wasinsoluble in water at 80'. The base of the fioluble part, the authoridentified as cocaine. The insoluble platinum salt was found by twoexperiments to contain platinum, 18.48 per cent. and 18.6 per cent.,and when decomposed in the usual way, it yielded a base that gave nocry stallisable chloride, did not smell of trimethylnmine, had a bittertaste, and was not decomposed by hot water; in which charactersit differs from hygrine as described by Lossen (AnnuZen, 121,374). Therefore, either Lossen's base was impure, or the author's isa different one, and amorphous coca'ine may have no existence, butmay be merely a solution of cocafue in the base above described.R. R.Higher Homologues of Coca'ine. By F. G. Now (Pharm. J.Tram, [ 31, 18, 233--234).-These substances were prepared byheating beuzoylecgonine with the homologues of methyl iodide.BthyEbensoyZecgonhe, CI~HI~E~NO,, forms white, silky crystals orlarge monoclinic prisms, melts at 107-108", and resolidifies at 90".The hydrochloride crystallises in colourless needles or prisms ; theplatinochloride, (C,,H,,NO4),,H,PtCl,, forms yellow, rhombic plates ;the aurochloride is obtained as a voluminous, yellowish-white pre-cipitate. Bromethylbenzoylecgonine, prepared from benzoy lecgonineand ethylene bromide, CzH4Br*CleH18NOa, could only be obtained as acolourless syrup.Propylbenzoy Eecgmine, Cl6Hl8PrNo4, crystallises in silky needles orcolourless prisms, melts at 78-79.5", and reaolidifies at 63" ; it has avery bitter taste and is a powerful anaesthetic.~sobzcty Zbenzoy Z e c g ~ ~ n e , C4H&J318N04, cryetallises in short, colour-less prisms, melts at 61-62_", has an intensely bitter taste and power-f d l y anaesthetic properties. The hydrochloride forms a hard, vitreous,yellow mass. A. J. G.By I?. K R ~ ~ G E R(Zeit. Biol., 24, 47-66) .-The results of the present investigationcorroborate Kupff er's statement that the absorption coefficient ofoxyhaemoglobin increases each time the oxyhaemoglobin is recrystal-lised.In determining the absolute amount of hsemoglobin in blood bymeans of the spectrophotometer, it is best oiily to recrystallise once, aseach recrystallisation increases the error of observation.The use of dilute ammonia in the preparation of bmoglobinAbsorption of Light by OxyhaemoglobinPHTEIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRT. 1127crpskals as recommended by Schmidt increases their solubility inwater. J. P. L.Action of Reducing Agents on Haematin and Occurrence ofthe Products of Reduction in Pathological Urine. By C. LESOBEL (Chew,. Centr., 1887, 538).-When hEmatin is reduced in acidor alkaline solution, iron is eliminated and haematoporphyrin is formed.Afterwards hcematoporphyrozr7in (differing from hsematoporphyrin insolubility but nearly identical in its spectroscopic properties) isformed. The hematoporphyroidin is then transformed into Mac-Munn’s urohzmatin, to which the author gives the name isohcemato-porphyrin and lastly urobilinofdin is formed. This resembles urobilinin some of its properties; it can readily be converted into isohe-matoporphyrin and hexahydrohaematoporphyrin. Maly’s hydro-bilirubin is not identical with Jaffe’s urobilin. There is no connectionbetween the colouring matter of blood and Jaffe’s urobilin. I n somepathological conditions, in which it may be assumed the colourixigmatter of blood has decomposed, the above products of reductionoccur in urine. N. H. M.Hernialbumose. By AXENFELD (Arch. Pharm. [3], 25, 696-697).-Pyrogallol is a better precipitant for this albuminoid thaneither ammonium sulphate, or nitric or picric acids, as more dilutesolutions can be employed. Its sensibility is 10 times that of nitricacid, The author has detected hemialbumose in meal, bread,leguminous seeds, milk, and cheese. The usual method of detectionconsists in the precipitation of hemialbumose at the ordinary tempera-ture by nitric acid, and solution of this precipitate on warming, butthe pyrogallol test succeeds where this test fails. In milk afterprecipitating the casein by acetic acid, and the albumin and para-globulin by magnesium sulphate, 0.13 per cent. of hemialbumose wasfound in cow’s milk and 0.29 per cent. in human milk. All animaltissues excepting nerve and muscle substance contain hemialbumose.J. T

ISSN:0368-1769    

DOI:10.1039/CA8875201088

出版商:RSC    

年代:1887

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

PHTEIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRT. P h y s i o l o g i c a l C h e m i s t r y . 1127 Glycogen. By A. CRAMER (Zeit. BioE., 24, 67--104).-The potash process for estimating glycogen recommended by Kiilz, has enabled the author to make an exhaustive study of the occurrence and relative distribution of glycogen in various tissues and organs. The following are some of the chief conclusions arrived at :- From the result of many determinations, the process leaves little to be desired from the point of accuracy. The glycogen in the muscular structure of both halves of the body is found, as would be supposed from theoretical considerations, to be equal. In the liver, the glycogen is equally distributed throughout : for the estimation of the glycogen therefore it is only necessary to1128 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.use a small portion. I n the muscles of the heart, glycogen is un- eqiially disfribrxted, therefore the whole organ must be taken for the determination. Different groups of muscles vary in the amount of glycogen they contain, but symmetrical or corresponding muscles contain the same amount. Absolutely pure glycogen can be obtained from the skin of the human fcetus or the.cartilage of the fcetus of an animal. In the estimation of the total amount of glycogen in tbe body, it is only necessary, as Bohn and Hoffmann have already pointed out, to take into consideration the glycogen in the muscular mass and liver, for the amount existing i n other organs is not of sufficient import- ance. Lastly, the optical method proposed by Kulz is not so accurate as the method of weighing.Chemical Studies on the Torpedo. By T. WAYL (Zeit. physioz. Chew,., 11, 585--528).-l'rom the electrical organ of the torpedo, a substance, torpedo-much, can be separated in the following way :-The organ is first extracted with cold, then with hot alcohol and ether ; the residue is then cut into small pieces and extracted with dilute sodium hydi-oxide (0.1 per cent.). A solution is obtained of a faint-yellow colour, which is filtered and diluted with distilled water. On adding very dilute acetic acid to this, a white, flocculent precipitate is obtained ; this is washed by decantation, redissolved in sodium and hydroxide, reprecipitated by acetic acid. After this process has been repeated five times, the precipitate is washed with alcohol, and dried, first in a vacuum over sulphuric acid, and then at 110".An eleme~tary analysis gave the following results :- J. P. L. I. Containing ash : 11. Free from ash. C. H. Is. 0. S. Ash. I. 51.60 7.09 13,OO 25.46 1.02 1.83 11. 52.50 7.2 13-20 26.07 1-03 - The ash contained lime, magnesia, and phosphoric acid. This sub- stance has the following properties : it is completely soluble in alkalis and is precipitable from such solutions b y acetic acid ; neutralisation with hydrochloric acid produces a precipitate soluble in excess of acid or alkali ; i t is precipitated from its solution in dilute hydrochloric acid by saturation with sodium chloride ; when heated with sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, it yields no substance which reduces copper sulphate ; the solution in dilute sodium hydroxide is coloured red by drop of copper sulphate solution; but on boiling no reduction occurs.A mucin with similar properties is also obtained from the fresh organ after its extraction with alcohol and ether. Gelatin was obtained also from the organ, best from the residue left after extraction with sodium hydroxide. The fkesh organ yields a very small quantity of a globulin which can be extracted by a solution of sodium chloride or ammonium chloride. This is coagulated by heat a t 55-60' C.PHYSIOLOOICAL CHEJIISTRY. 1129 Abundant prote'id can however be obtained after the exposure of the organ to the air for some time ; an acid reaction is also developed simultaneously. Probably the mucin yields a protejid as a decomposi- tion product.W. D. H. Nitrogenous Contents of the Digestive''Juices. By ELLEN- BERGER and HOFMEISTER (Zeit. physiol. Chem., 11, 497--500).-Th1s investigation was carried out in the same way as Goldschmidt's (this vol., p. 743), except that the food given was in all cases free from nitrogen. Three animals-one pig and two horses-were fed for some days on a diet poor in nitrogen, theii for 24 to 36 hours on water only, and finally for three days in the case of the horses, and 36 hours i n the case of the pig, on a diet consisting of starch and cellulose, free from nitrogen. The animals were killed, and the stomach and small intestines were found to be free from food containing nitrogen : the colon and rectum, and in one horse the caecum, also contained remains of the first diet.The following table gives the results of the analysis of the digestive juices in various parts of the alimentary canal :- Amount of Prote'id in r------ Stomach. Small intestine. Cmum. Colon. Pig . . . . . . 1.4 gr. 16.32 gr. 1.551 gr. 4.6 gr. Horse 1 . . 13.3 ,, 10.08 ,, 17-3 ,, 49.79 ,, -7 Horse 2 . . 6-14! ,, 43.5 ,, 17-97 ,, - Percentage of Nitrogen in r----L--- I Stcnuach. Small intestine. Czecum. Colon. Pig ...... 0.3 gr. 4.80 gr. 0.47 gr. 0.50 gr. Horse 1 . . 1.4 ,, 0.28 ,, 0.27 ,, 0.25 ,, Horse 2 . . 1.17 ,, 1.00 ,, 0.19 ,, I The large quantity of nitrogen in the small intestine of horse 2 was due to an excessive amount of mucous and epithelial dP'bris; and tile high percentage of nitrogen in the stomach of the horse compared with that of the pig, was due to the fact that the horses were killed a long time after a meal, so that the salir-a had been absorbed, and only the gastric juice, which is rich in nitrogen, was present.W. D. H. Relation of Proteids to Digestive Fer nents. By A. STUTZER (Zeit. physiol. Chem., 11, 52!L--536).-Previoiis researches havlng shown that the results of the natural and artificial digestion of proteids agree closely (this vol., p. 167), the present further investi- gations were undert'tken as a preliminary to extending the process to the investigation of the digestion of carbohydrates and of mixtures of proteid and carbohydrate material. These investigations were necessary, a,s the percentage of acid used ( I per cent. HCl) in the previous sxperiments is too high for experiments in which the diges- tion of carbohydrates is expected to take place.Meat freed from fat, VOL. LII. 4 g1130 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. two kinds of hay, and cake made from the seeds of Arachis hypoyen mere the forms of food employed. A given weight (1 or 2 grams) was subjected to the action of different amounts of pepsin solution containing 0.2 per cent. HC1 for 12 hours at the temperature of It was found by estimating the undigested nitrogen that the optimum of pepsin digestion under these circnmstances was obtained when the nitrogen in the food was- 3 7-40'. 5 per cent., by 100 C.C. of pepsin solution, 5-10 ,, 9, 200 9 , 9 , over 10 ,, ,* 400 7 ) 7 7 to every gram of the food. On comparing the amount of nitrogen in the undigested residue with that left when 1 per cent.HCl was employed, it was found to be somewhat less in the latter case, as is shown by the following table :- Nitrogen left in the undigested residue- When 1 p. c. HC1 was used. When 0'2 p. c. HC1 wm used. Flesh . . . . . 0.375 p. c. 0.375 p. c. Hay 1 .. .. 0.339 ,, 0.390 ,, Hay 2 .. .. 0.282 ,, 0340 ,, The next point investigated was how much nitrogen remains undi- gested on treating the fodder successively with an acid pepsin solution and an alkaline pancreatic liquid, first when the pepsin solu- tion has an acidity of 0.2 per cent. HCl, and secondly when it has an acidity of 1 per cent. HCl. It was found that the difference was so small as to be inappreciable. The last question related to the comparative activity of the pan- creatic ferment when the solution is neutral and feebly alkaline (containing 0.25 per cent.of sodium carbonate), and in a11 cases it was found that the alkaline fluid was the more active. W. D. H. , Comparative Absorption of Fish and Meat in the Alimen- tary Canal. By W. 0. ATWATER (Zeit. Biol., 24, 16--28).--During an inquiry into the chemical composition of fish-flesh undertaken on behalf of the United States Fishery Commission, the author investi- gated the comparative nutritive value of fish and meat as nitrogenous food, by a series of feeding experiments in which a careful determin- ation of the nitrogen intake and output was made. Weight for weight in dry matter, fish is equivalent to lean or fat- free meat as 5t source of nitrogenous food. In the opinion of the author the importance of fish as a food for the mass cannot be too strongly emphasised.J. P. L. Digestion of Fibrin by Trypsin. A. HERRMANN (Zeit. physiol. Chem., 11, 508--524).-Hasebroek (this vol., p. 609) has shown that the first products of the tryptic, like those of the peptic digestion of fresh fibrin, are two prote'ido which coagulate at 52-54O and i2--75"PHY SIOLOQICA4L CHEMISTRY. 1131 respectively, Otto (Abstr., 1884,1056) has also shown that the latter is identical with paraglobulin. The present research is a further investigation of the same subject, as it seems remarkable that whilst fibrin is undoubtedly formed from fibrinogen, it should yield para- globulin on digestion. Fibrin was well washed with water, and subjected to artificial pancreatic digestion at the body temperature for 24 hours, or in some cases for a longer time at the atmospheric tem- perature.Afker this time, a small portion only was left undissolved. Putrefaction was prevented in these experiments by the addition of thymol, or of ether suacient to give the whole mixture it strong ethereal odour. The fluid product of digestion was saturated with magnesium sulphate ; this produced an abundant precipitate, which was collected and dissolved by adding water ; the solution so formed was a clear, slightly yellow liquid, and from it, by fractional heat coagulation, two protei'ds, one coagulating ah 54-55', and another at 75", were obtained. There was alsn a slight opalescence at 61°, prob- ably produced by a small amount of heteroalbumose ; tbe presence of wlbumoses was also detected by the biuret reaction after the separa- tion of the prote'ids coagulable by heat.Both proteyds were also shown to belong to this class of globulim by the fact that they were precipitated by dialysing the salts out from theip solntions. By extracting fibrin with a, 5 per cent. salt solution, a prote'id coagulating at 75" and having the other propertiw of paraglobulin is obtained. The other globulin, that which coagulates at 55", is, however, un- doubtedly a prodiict of fermentr action; it is always the more abun- dant of the two, and the more thoroughly that fibrin is washed free from paraglobulin by salt solution previous to digestion, the less is the amount of paraglobulin i n the product of digestion. The question whether this globulin coagulating at 55" is identical with either of the two proteids, fibrinogen or myosin, which coagulate at the same tem- perature, was not fully investigated.Its specific rotation was estimated as = 36.39'; whilst that Qf fibrinogen prepared by Hammarsten's method was [aID = 48". Too much weight must not be attached to these numbers, as the opalescent character of fibrinogen solutions renders polarianetric obsemations difficult. Attempts to cause coagulation of the prote'id by the action of fibrin ferment led to negative results. Boiled fibrin does not yield this product on digestion ; neither does serum-albumin, case'in, nor phytovitellin. Fermentation of Cellulose. By K. TAPPEINER (Zeit. Bid., 24, 105-115) .-From exact quantitative experiments on the digestion of cellulose by the organised ferment contained in paunch contents, it is found that a small quantity oE the carbon of the cellulose decom- posed is not accounted for by the products hitherto mentioned.At present, the author has not detected the product or products formed by this residual carbon. Asparagine when added to Naegali's cultivating fluid, which was used in some of the fermentation experiments, acts somewhat curiously. when present in small quantity (0.6 per cent.), i t does not undergo any c',ecomposition itself or influence the decomposition of the cellu- W. D. H. 4 9 211 32 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. lose. When present in somewhat larger proportion (1.8 per cent.), ))art of the asparagine undergoes decomposition with the cellulose.If the percentage of aspnragine is a s much as 5.5 per cent., it readily undergoes decomposition with foi*m:ition of carbonic anhydride, nitrogen, volatile fattyc acids, and succiiiic acid, but, in this instance, the cellulose undergoes no decomposition. A similar peculiarity is observed in the case of ammonium acetate. 1 per cent. of amrnoiiium acetate in Naegnli’s solution undergoes no decomposition when the solution is infected witlh a small quantity of paunch contents in the absence of cellulose, but, in the presence of cellulose, rapid decomposition of the acetate takes place wi thoat any action whatever on the cellulose. J. P. L. Aromatic Products of Putrefaction in Human Sweat. By A KAST (Zeit. physiol. Chem., 11, 501--507).-The analysis of the sweat is important because of the correlative functions of the skin and kidneys.The occurrence of indigo compounds in cases of chro- ntidrosis has already been noted (Bizio, H. B. Hofmann), and Buisine (Compt. rend., 103, 66), has shown that phenolsulphonic acid exists i n the sweat of the sheep. In the present research, by the use of hot air-baths, large quantities of swea,t were collected; about 18 to 20 Iitres in all. Excess of absolute alcohol was added, and sodium carbonate until it was faintly alkaline ; it was then evaporated to a small volume on the water-bath. The relation of sulphuric acid (A) combined as sulphate to that combined as ethereal hydrogen sulphates (B) was then estimated with the following results :- In 200 C.C. of the concentrated sweat (= 10-12 litres of sweat), In the urine of the same B A = 0.2422, B = 0.022; - = ~ A 12.009’ individuals collected a t the same time, in 200 C.C.of unconcentrated urine A = 0.718, B = 0.448; - = - By administering 10 grains of salol in three days to the same individuals, the quantity of the ethereal hydrogen sulphates in the urine was much increased; - = 1”339, whilst in the sweat, A - - in other words the sweat, imlike the urine, remains fairly constant in composition. With I*egard t o the other salts, the following relation was found to exist :- A 16.02’ B A I R -9.504- Chlorides. Phosphates. Sulphates. Sweat ........ 1 : 0.0015 : 0.009 Urine ........ 1 : 0.132 : 0.397 Favre (Compt. rend., 35, 721) gives the following relations :- Sweat ........ 1 : traces : 0.043 Urine ........1 : 0.0959 : 0.38 Chlorides. Phosphates. Sulphates. By the distillation of sweat, phenol was easily obtained, andPELYSIOLOGICATI CHEMISTRY. 1133 recognised by Millon’s reagent. Another portion of sweat was acidified with hydrochloric acid, shaken with ether, the ethereal extract evaporated to dryness, and the residue taken up with water ; this solution showed the presence of aromatic oxy-acids by the red colour produced by Millon’s reagent. Indoxylsulphuric acid was sought for by Jaffe’s test, with negative results ; the same test gave, however, a red colour, showing the presence of scittbxyl. It is suggested that the blue colour of the sweat in chromidrosis is due to bdcteria. W. D. H. Relation of Tyrosine to Hippurie Acid. By K. BAAS (%<if.physiol. Chem., 11, 485- 491).--T\lIany aromatic compounds which occur in the urine have been shown to be decomposition products of tyrosine formed in the alimentary canal. The question as to whether hippuric acid is derived from tyrosine also, has been investigated by Salkowski, Schotten, and Baumann, but the results obtained haTe been soniewhat contradictory. The present research was carried out in human beings, and consisted in comparing the normal urine with that secreted during the administration of tyrosine. The hippuric acid was estimated by Schmiedeberg and Bunge’s method ; and the amount of sulphates and ethereal hydrogen sulphates by Bnumann’s method. The experiments show that giving tyrosine did not alter the amount of hippuric acid in the urine, and therefore that the normal formation of that acid does not result from the tyrosine in the intestine.The conclusion is also drawn that tyrosine does not always undergo putrefactive decomposition in the alimentary canal, but that in spite of the presence of bacteria, it may be wholly absoi-bed as such. By L. v. UDRBNSZKY (Zeit. physiol. Che112., 11, 537-560).-0n looking over the literature of the subject of urinary pigments, which extends from the beginning of the present century, it is found that the following conclusions can be drawn from the work at present done on the subject:-(1.) By the action of oxidising agents, indigo-blue and other indigo compounds, for example, indirubin, can be obtained from normal urine. (2.) In most cases urobilin, which is identical with hydrobilirubin, is also present.(3.) In addition to the foregoing, pigments are obtained by boiling the urine with mineral acids, and are probably derived from the splitting up of certain chromogens in the urine by these strong reagents: to one of these, the name uromelamin is given. It is to the investigation of this third class of pigments that the present research is mainly directed. A litre of normal urine was heated for a quarter of an hour with 5 per cent. hydrochloric acid, and extracted with amyl alcohol ; on evaporating the alcoholic extract, a brownish- black, amorphous residue H as obtained weighing 0.68 gram. This is the ordinarily received method of obtaining this pigment. The experiment was repeated, using distilled water instead of urine, and tt residue weighing 0.51 gram was obtained, having the same characters, including spectroscopic appearances.The prolonged action of hydrochloric acid in the cold has the same action on am-j-1 alcohol. What this resinous substance is was not further investigated ; W. D. H. Urinary Pigments.1134 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. it was found, however, that the alcohol after distillation still possessed the same action on polarised light as previous to the separation of the pigment from it. This admixture of the resinous substance from the reagents used with the urinary pigment could not be prevented by attempting to wash the acid away from the alcohol by the use of water ; it was not found possible t o remove the acid in this way. By neutralising the mixture with chalk, however, the author considers he has been able to obviate this source of error.On account, however, of the unsatisfactory nature of amyl alcohol as a reagent, a method was sought for in which it was not necessary to employ it. The method ultimately adopted was as follows :-Norma3 urine was evaporated to about one-sixth of its original bulk a t 60" ; 10 per cent. hydrochloric acid was then added, and after 48 hours the crystals of uric acid thus formed were filtered off. The filtrate was boiled for 18 hours, at the end of which time the remains of the uric acid with an abundance of pigment were precipitated; the filtrate had an orange-red colour; to this, chalk and sodium phosphate were added ; the bulky precipitate which was formed carried down wihh it the remains of pigment.The precipi- tate obtained from the urine by boiling was washed with cold water, hot water, alcohol, and ether, dissolved in dilute sodium hydroxide yolu- tion, and precipitated by sulphuric acid. This was repeated three times, and the final prodact was a bright, brownish,black substance, occurring in plates, but easily powdered. It was insoluble in cold water, dilute alcohol, ether, and chloroform, sparingly soluble in warm water, absolute a,lcohol, light petroleum, and concentrated sulphuric and hydrochloric acids. It was easily soluble in amyl alcohol, con- centrated ammonia, but especially in solutions of potassium or sodium hydroxide. It can be heated to 115" without decomposition; with soda-lime it yields ammonia; on dry distillation, it gives a smell of formic acid, and after complete combustion leaves a minimal amount of ash which contains no iron.The average quantity in which it occurs in urine is 0 3 per cent. By the action of potash, it yields ammonia, formic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid,. palmitic acid (?), catechol, protocatechuic acid, and the residue is free from nitrogen, and has the following percentage composition :-Carbon, 62-26 ; hydrogen, 3.9 ; and oxygen, 3384. W. D. H.PHTEIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRT.P h y s i o l o g i c a l C h e m i s t r y .1127Glycogen. By A. CRAMER (Zeit. BioE., 24, 67--104).-The potashprocess for estimating glycogen recommended by Kiilz, has enabledthe author to make an exhaustive study of the occurrence and relativedistribution of glycogen in various tissues and organs.The followingare some of the chief conclusions arrived at :-From the result of many determinations, the process leaves little tobe desired from the point of accuracy.The glycogen in the muscular structure of both halves of the bodyis found, as would be supposed from theoretical considerations, to beequal. In the liver, the glycogen is equally distributed throughout :for the estimation of the glycogen therefore it is only necessary t1128 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.use a small portion. I n the muscles of the heart, glycogen is un-eqiially disfribrxted, therefore the whole organ must be taken for thedetermination.Different groups of muscles vary in the amount of glycogen theycontain, but symmetrical or corresponding muscles contain the sameamount.Absolutely pure glycogen can be obtained from the skin of thehuman fcetus or the.cartilage of the fcetus of an animal.In the estimation of the total amount of glycogen in tbe body, it isonly necessary, as Bohn and Hoffmann have already pointed out, totake into consideration the glycogen in the muscular mass and liver,for the amount existing i n other organs is not of sufficient import-ance.Lastly, the optical method proposed by Kulz is not so accurate asthe method of weighing.Chemical Studies on the Torpedo.By T. WAYL (Zeit. physioz.Chew,., 11, 585--528).-l'rom the electrical organ of the torpedo, asubstance, torpedo-much, can be separated in the following way :-Theorgan is first extracted with cold, then with hot alcohol and ether ; theresidue is then cut into small pieces and extracted with dilute sodiumhydi-oxide (0.1 per cent.).A solution is obtained of a faint-yellowcolour, which is filtered and diluted with distilled water. On addingvery dilute acetic acid to this, a white, flocculent precipitate isobtained ; this is washed by decantation, redissolved in sodiumand hydroxide, reprecipitated by acetic acid. After this process hasbeen repeated five times, the precipitate is washed with alcohol, anddried, first in a vacuum over sulphuric acid, and then at 110". Aneleme~tary analysis gave the following results :-J. P. L.I. Containing ash : 11. Free from ash.C. H. Is. 0. S. Ash.I. 51.60 7.09 13,OO 25.46 1.02 1.8311.52.50 7.2 13-20 26.07 1-03 -The ash contained lime, magnesia, and phosphoric acid. This sub-stance has the following properties : it is completely soluble in alkalisand is precipitable from such solutions b y acetic acid ; neutralisationwith hydrochloric acid produces a precipitate soluble in excess of acidor alkali ; i t is precipitated from its solution in dilute hydrochloricacid by saturation with sodium chloride ; when heated with sulphuricor hydrochloric acid, it yields no substance which reduces coppersulphate ; the solution in dilute sodium hydroxide is coloured red bydrop of copper sulphate solution; but on boiling no reductionoccurs. A mucin with similar properties is also obtained from thefresh organ after its extraction with alcohol and ether.Gelatinwas obtained also from the organ, best from the residue left afterextraction with sodium hydroxide. The fkesh organ yields a verysmall quantity of a globulin which can be extracted by a solution ofsodium chloride or ammonium chloride. This is coagulated by heata t 55-60' CPHYSIOLOOICAL CHEJIISTRY. 1129Abundant prote'id can however be obtained after the exposure ofthe organ to the air for some time ; an acid reaction is also developedsimultaneously. Probably the mucin yields a protejid as a decomposi-tion product. W. D. H.Nitrogenous Contents of the Digestive''Juices. By ELLEN-BERGER and HOFMEISTER (Zeit. physiol. Chem., 11, 497--500).-Th1sinvestigation was carried out in the same way as Goldschmidt's (thisvol., p.743), except that the food given was in all cases free fromnitrogen.Three animals-one pig and two horses-were fed for some dayson a diet poor in nitrogen, theii for 24 to 36 hours on water only, andfinally for three days in the case of the horses, and 36 hours i n thecase of the pig, on a diet consisting of starch and cellulose, free fromnitrogen.The animals were killed, and the stomach and small intestineswere found to be free from food containing nitrogen : the colon andrectum, and in one horse the caecum, also contained remains of thefirst diet. The following table gives the results of the analysis of thedigestive juices in various parts of the alimentary canal :-Amount of Prote'id in r------Stomach. Small intestine. Cmum. Colon.Pig .. . . . . 1.4 gr. 16.32 gr. 1.551 gr. 4.6 gr.Horse 1 . . 13.3 ,, 10.08 ,, 17-3 ,, 49.79 ,,-7Horse 2 . . 6-14! ,, 43.5 ,, 17-97 ,, -Percentage of Nitrogen inr----L--- IStcnuach. Small intestine. Czecum. Colon.Pig ...... 0.3 gr. 4.80 gr. 0.47 gr. 0.50 gr.Horse 1 . . 1.4 ,, 0.28 ,, 0.27 ,, 0.25 ,,Horse 2 . . 1.17 ,, 1.00 ,, 0.19 ,, IThe large quantity of nitrogen in the small intestine of horse 2was due to an excessive amount of mucous and epithelial dP'bris; andtile high percentage of nitrogen in the stomach of the horse comparedwith that of the pig, was due to the fact that the horses were killed along time after a meal, so that the salir-a had been absorbed, and onlythe gastric juice, which is rich in nitrogen, was present.W.D. H.Relation of Proteids to Digestive Fer nents. By A. STUTZER(Zeit. physiol. Chem., 11, 52!L--536).-Previoiis researches havlngshown that the results of the natural and artificial digestion ofproteids agree closely (this vol., p. 167), the present further investi-gations were undert'tken as a preliminary to extending the process tothe investigation of the digestion of carbohydrates and of mixturesof proteid and carbohydrate material. These investigations werenecessary, a,s the percentage of acid used ( I per cent. HCl) in theprevious sxperiments is too high for experiments in which the diges-tion of carbohydrates is expected to take place. Meat freed from fat,VOL. LII. 4 1130 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.two kinds of hay, and cake made from the seeds of Arachis hypoyenmere the forms of food employed.A given weight (1 or 2 grams)was subjected to the action of different amounts of pepsin solutioncontaining 0.2 per cent. HC1 for 12 hours at the temperature ofIt was found by estimating the undigested nitrogen that theoptimum of pepsin digestion under these circnmstances was obtainedwhen the nitrogen in the food was-3 7-40'.5 per cent., by 100 C.C. of pepsin solution,5-10 ,, 9, 200 9 , 9 ,over 10 ,, ,* 400 7 ) 7 7to every gram of the food.On comparing the amount of nitrogen in the undigested residuewith that left when 1 per cent. HCl was employed, it was found to besomewhat less in the latter case, as is shown by the followingtable :-Nitrogen left in the undigested residue-When 1 p.c. HC1 was used. When 0'2 p. c. HC1 wm used.Flesh . . . . . 0.375 p. c. 0.375 p. c.Hay 1 .. .. 0.339 ,, 0.390 ,,Hay 2 .. .. 0.282 ,, 0340 ,,The next point investigated was how much nitrogen remains undi-gested on treating the fodder successively with an acid pepsinsolution and an alkaline pancreatic liquid, first when the pepsin solu-tion has an acidity of 0.2 per cent. HCl, and secondly when it has anacidity of 1 per cent. HCl. It was found that the difference was sosmall as to be inappreciable.The last question related to the comparative activity of the pan-creatic ferment when the solution is neutral and feebly alkaline(containing 0.25 per cent. of sodium carbonate), and in a11 cases itwas found that the alkaline fluid was the more active.W.D. H. ,Comparative Absorption of Fish and Meat in the Alimen-tary Canal. By W. 0. ATWATER (Zeit. Biol., 24, 16--28).--Duringan inquiry into the chemical composition of fish-flesh undertaken onbehalf of the United States Fishery Commission, the author investi-gated the comparative nutritive value of fish and meat as nitrogenousfood, by a series of feeding experiments in which a careful determin-ation of the nitrogen intake and output was made.Weight for weight in dry matter, fish is equivalent to lean or fat-free meat as 5t source of nitrogenous food.In the opinion of the author the importance of fish as a food for themass cannot be too strongly emphasised. J. P. L.Digestion of Fibrin by Trypsin. A. HERRMANN (Zeit.physiol.Chem., 11, 508--524).-Hasebroek (this vol., p. 609) has shown thatthe first products of the tryptic, like those of the peptic digestion offresh fibrin, are two prote'ido which coagulate at 52-54O and i2--75PHY SIOLOQICA4L CHEMISTRY. 1131respectively, Otto (Abstr., 1884,1056) has also shown that the latteris identical with paraglobulin. The present research is a furtherinvestigation of the same subject, as it seems remarkable that whilstfibrin is undoubtedly formed from fibrinogen, it should yield para-globulin on digestion. Fibrin was well washed with water, andsubjected to artificial pancreatic digestion at the body temperature for24 hours, or in some cases for a longer time at the atmospheric tem-perature. Afker this time, a small portion only was left undissolved.Putrefaction was prevented in these experiments by the addition ofthymol, or of ether suacient to give the whole mixture it strongethereal odour.The fluid product of digestion was saturated withmagnesium sulphate ; this produced an abundant precipitate, whichwas collected and dissolved by adding water ; the solution so formedwas a clear, slightly yellow liquid, and from it, by fractional heatcoagulation, two protei'ds, one coagulating ah 54-55', and another at75", were obtained. There was alsn a slight opalescence at 61°, prob-ably produced by a small amount of heteroalbumose ; tbe presence ofwlbumoses was also detected by the biuret reaction after the separa-tion of the prote'ids coagulable by heat.Both proteyds were alsoshown to belong to this class of globulim by the fact that they wereprecipitated by dialysing the salts out from theip solntions. Byextracting fibrin with a, 5 per cent. salt solution, a prote'id coagulatingat 75" and having the other propertiw of paraglobulin is obtained.The other globulin, that which coagulates at 55", is, however, un-doubtedly a prodiict of fermentr action; it is always the more abun-dant of the two, and the more thoroughly that fibrin is washed freefrom paraglobulin by salt solution previous to digestion, the less is theamount of paraglobulin i n the product of digestion. The questionwhether this globulin coagulating at 55" is identical with either of thetwo proteids, fibrinogen or myosin, which coagulate at the same tem-perature, was not fully investigated.Its specific rotation wasestimated as = 36.39'; whilst that Qf fibrinogen prepared byHammarsten's method was [aID = 48". Too much weight must notbe attached to these numbers, as the opalescent character of fibrinogensolutions renders polarianetric obsemations difficult.Attempts to cause coagulation of the prote'id by the action of fibrinferment led to negative results.Boiled fibrin does not yield this product on digestion ; neither doesserum-albumin, case'in, nor phytovitellin.Fermentation of Cellulose. By K. TAPPEINER (Zeit. Bid., 24,105-115) .-From exact quantitative experiments on the digestionof cellulose by the organised ferment contained in paunch contents, itis found that a small quantity oE the carbon of the cellulose decom-posed is not accounted for by the products hitherto mentioned. Atpresent, the author has not detected the product or products formedby this residual carbon.Asparagine when added to Naegali's cultivating fluid, which wasused in some of the fermentation experiments, acts somewhat curiously.when present in small quantity (0.6 per cent.), i t does not undergoany c',ecomposition itself or influence the decomposition of the cellu-W.D. H.4 9 11 32 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.lose. When present in somewhat larger proportion (1.8 per cent.),))art of the asparagine undergoes decomposition with the cellulose.If the percentage of aspnragine is a s much as 5.5 per cent., it readilyundergoes decomposition with foi*m:ition of carbonic anhydride,nitrogen, volatile fattyc acids, and succiiiic acid, but, in this instance,the cellulose undergoes no decomposition.A similar peculiarity is observed in the case of ammonium acetate.1 per cent.of amrnoiiium acetate in Naegnli’s solution undergoesno decomposition when the solution is infected witlh a small quantityof paunch contents in the absence of cellulose, but, in the presence ofcellulose, rapid decomposition of the acetate takes place wi thoat anyaction whatever on the cellulose. J. P. L.Aromatic Products of Putrefaction in Human Sweat. ByA KAST (Zeit. physiol. Chem., 11, 501--507).-The analysis of thesweat is important because of the correlative functions of the skinand kidneys.The occurrence of indigo compounds in cases of chro-ntidrosis has already been noted (Bizio, H. B. Hofmann), and Buisine(Compt. rend., 103, 66), has shown that phenolsulphonic acid existsi n the sweat of the sheep. In the present research, by the use of hotair-baths, large quantities of swea,t were collected; about 18 to 20Iitres in all. Excess of absolute alcohol was added, and sodiumcarbonate until it was faintly alkaline ; it was then evaporated to asmall volume on the water-bath. The relation of sulphuric acid (A)combined as sulphate to that combined as ethereal hydrogen sulphates(B) was then estimated with the following results :-In 200 C.C. of the concentrated sweat (= 10-12 litres of sweat),In the urine of the same B A = 0.2422, B = 0.022; - = ~ A 12.009’individuals collected a t the same time, in 200 C.C.of unconcentratedurine A = 0.718, B = 0.448; - = - By administering 10 grainsof salol in three days to the same individuals, the quantity of theethereal hydrogen sulphates in the urine was much increased; - =1”339, whilst in the sweat, A - - in other words the sweat,imlike the urine, remains fairly constant in composition. WithI*egard t o the other salts, the following relation was found toexist :-A 16.02’BAI R -9.504-Chlorides. Phosphates. Sulphates.Sweat ........ 1 : 0.0015 : 0.009Urine ........ 1 : 0.132 : 0.397Favre (Compt. rend., 35, 721) gives the following relations :-Sweat ........ 1 : traces : 0.043Urine ........ 1 : 0.0959 : 0.38Chlorides. Phosphates.Sulphates.By the distillation of sweat, phenol was easily obtained, anPELYSIOLOGICATI CHEMISTRY. 1133recognised by Millon’s reagent. Another portion of sweat wasacidified with hydrochloric acid, shaken with ether, the etherealextract evaporated to dryness, and the residue taken up with water ;this solution showed the presence of aromatic oxy-acids by the redcolour produced by Millon’s reagent. Indoxylsulphuric acid wassought for by Jaffe’s test, with negative results ; the same test gave,however, a red colour, showing the presence of scittbxyl. It issuggested that the blue colour of the sweat in chromidrosis is due tobdcteria. W. D. H.Relation of Tyrosine to Hippurie Acid. By K. BAAS (%<if.physiol. Chem., 11, 485- 491).--T\lIany aromatic compounds whichoccur in the urine have been shown to be decomposition products oftyrosine formed in the alimentary canal.The question as to whetherhippuric acid is derived from tyrosine also, has been investigated bySalkowski, Schotten, and Baumann, but the results obtained haTebeen soniewhat contradictory. The present research was carried outin human beings, and consisted in comparing the normal urine withthat secreted during the administration of tyrosine. The hippuricacid was estimated by Schmiedeberg and Bunge’s method ; and theamount of sulphates and ethereal hydrogen sulphates by Bnumann’smethod. The experiments show that giving tyrosine did not alterthe amount of hippuric acid in the urine, and therefore that thenormal formation of that acid does not result from the tyrosine in theintestine.The conclusion is also drawn that tyrosine does not alwaysundergo putrefactive decomposition in the alimentary canal, but thatin spite of the presence of bacteria, it may be wholly absoi-bed as such.By L. v. UDRBNSZKY (Zeit. physiol. Che112.,11, 537-560).-0n looking over the literature of the subject ofurinary pigments, which extends from the beginning of the presentcentury, it is found that the following conclusions can be drawn fromthe work at present done on the subject:-(1.) By the action ofoxidising agents, indigo-blue and other indigo compounds, forexample, indirubin, can be obtained from normal urine. (2.) Inmost cases urobilin, which is identical with hydrobilirubin, is alsopresent. (3.) In addition to the foregoing, pigments are obtained byboiling the urine with mineral acids, and are probably derived fromthe splitting up of certain chromogens in the urine by these strongreagents: to one of these, the name uromelamin is given.It is tothe investigation of this third class of pigments that the presentresearch is mainly directed. A litre of normal urine was heated fora quarter of an hour with 5 per cent. hydrochloric acid, and extractedwith amyl alcohol ; on evaporating the alcoholic extract, a brownish-black, amorphous residue H as obtained weighing 0.68 gram. This isthe ordinarily received method of obtaining this pigment. Theexperiment was repeated, using distilled water instead of urine,and tt residue weighing 0.51 gram was obtained, having the samecharacters, including spectroscopic appearances. The prolongedaction of hydrochloric acid in the cold has the same action on am-j-1alcohol.What this resinous substance is was not further investigated ;W. D. H.Urinary Pigments1134 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.it was found, however, that the alcohol after distillation still possessedthe same action on polarised light as previous to the separation of thepigment from it. This admixture of the resinous substance from thereagents used with the urinary pigment could not be prevented byattempting to wash the acid away from the alcohol by the use ofwater ; it was not found possible t o remove the acid in this way. Byneutralising the mixture with chalk, however, the author considers hehas been able to obviate this source of error. On account, however, ofthe unsatisfactory nature of amyl alcohol as a reagent, a method wassought for in which it was not necessary to employ it. The methodultimately adopted was as follows :-Norma3 urine was evaporated toabout one-sixth of its original bulk a t 60" ; 10 per cent. hydrochloricacid was then added, and after 48 hours the crystals of uric acid thusformed were filtered off. The filtrate was boiled for 18 hours, at theend of which time the remains of the uric acid with an abundance ofpigment were precipitated; the filtrate had an orange-red colour; to this,chalk and sodium phosphate were added ; the bulky precipitate whichwas formed carried down wihh it the remains of pigment. The precipi-tate obtained from the urine by boiling was washed with cold water, hotwater, alcohol, and ether, dissolved in dilute sodium hydroxide yolu-tion, and precipitated by sulphuric acid. This was repeated threetimes, and the final prodact was a bright, brownish,black substance,occurring in plates, but easily powdered. It was insoluble in coldwater, dilute alcohol, ether, and chloroform, sparingly soluble in warmwater, absolute a,lcohol, light petroleum, and concentrated sulphuricand hydrochloric acids. It was easily soluble in amyl alcohol, con-centrated ammonia, but especially in solutions of potassium or sodiumhydroxide. It can be heated to 115" without decomposition; withsoda-lime it yields ammonia; on dry distillation, it gives a smell offormic acid, and after complete combustion leaves a minimal amountof ash which contains no iron. The average quantity in which itoccurs in urine is 0 3 per cent. By the action of potash, it yieldsammonia, formic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid,. palmitic acid (?),catechol, protocatechuic acid, and the residue is free from nitrogen,and has the following percentage composition :-Carbon, 62-26 ;hydrogen, 3.9 ; and oxygen, 3384. W. D. H

ISSN:0368-1769    

DOI:10.1039/CA8875201127

出版商:RSC    

年代:1887

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

1134 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. Chemistry of Vegetable Physiology and Agriculture. Nitrifying Microbes. By N. MILES (B;ed. Centr., 1887,514-515). -Miles confirms Warington’s observation as to the length of time which elapses between the infection of the liquid and the commenc, nment of the nitrifying process, and he finds that this period of quiescence may be cut short by introducing a minute quantity of another and earlier cnlture. When calcium carbonate vas absent, the microbes increased rapidly, but nitrification seldom occurred, and microbes which had been cultivated for some generationa in liquid not containing calciumVEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE. 1135 carbonate, caused nitrification in dilute urine to which calcium carbonate had been added. It appears that those microbes which increase rapidly without nitrification are of peculiar aGrobic forms, but if they cause rapid nitdcation, then they belong to the anaikobic class.Solutions were tested for nitrous acid, but it was seldom found; when found it was in those solutions which gave no reaction for nitric acid, and in which micrococci appeared together with the true nitrifying microbe. Culture of Anaerobic Bacteria. Morphology of Butyric Fermentation. By M. GRUBER (Chem. Centr., 1687, 535).-Gela- tin, contained in a glass tube about 2 em. wide, fused together at one end and drawn out t o a neck 5 to 6 cm. long, and 3 t o 4 cm. wide, is inoculated, the tube placed in water at 30-35", exhausted and sealed. The fused gelatin is spread over the surface of the tube by rotation.I n using this method, the author found that the three bacteria known by the joint riame of Clostridium butyricum (Bac. amylobacter), are capable of producing butyric acid and butyl alcohol from cnrbo- hydrates. N. H. M. Distribution of the Nitric Ferment and its Function in the Disintegration of Rocks. By A. MUNTZ (Ann. Chim. Phys. [6], 11, 136-144) .-The bare surfaces of calcareous, felspathic, micaceous, schistose, and other rocks a t the summits of mountains in the Pyrenees, Alps: and Vosges, yielded large numbers of the nitric ferment, which penetrates to a considerable depth in the cracks in the rocks, and is especially abundant on surfaces which show the greatest disintegration. This organism is not killed by the lowest temperatures of the Alps.The rocks concerned, especially those above the limits of vegetation, contain small quantities of carbon, which make the rock blacken when heated. This carbon is derived from air and rain. The author has previously proved that alcohol vapour exists in small quantities in the atmosphere. Direct experiments show that the nitrifying organisms will exist and produce nitrates wihh no other sustenance than the mineral constituents of the rock on which they are placed and small quantities of alcohol vapour aud ammonia suspended in a moist atmosphere. Some carbon is also found to have been deposited in or upon the rock on which the organisms are living. There is every reason to believe that these nitrifying organisms play an i m - portant part in the superficial disintegration of rocks even at the highest levels.C. H. B. Methane Fermentation of Acetic Acid. By F. HOPPE-SEYLER (Zsit. physiol. Chem., 11, 561-568) .--Calcium acetate was dissolved in water, and river mud added to the solution in a flask. The mix- ture was allowed to stand at the atmospheric temperature for seven months, during which time the gas which was evolved was collected over mercury and occasionally analysed. For the first few weeks, some atmospheric nitrogen mas present in the mixed gases, but after this time carbonic anhydride and methane were alone present, in the E. W. P.1136 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. proportion 1 : 2 approximately. The residue in the flask consisted alniost entirely of calcium carbonate. The decomposition m hich had occurred may be represented thus : (C2H,02)2Ca + H20 = CO$a + CO, + 2CH4.I n addition to the calcium carbonate, there was also in the flask a small amount of sodium carbonate : this was derived from a slight impurity in the original salt used, together with some derived from the glass wall of the flask. There was also organic matter from the mud, and a large number of bacteria. The change is believed to be due to the agency of the barterin, although to which special variety has not yet been ascertained. By an experiment similarly carried out with calcium lactate, carbonic anhydride and methane in the proportion of 1 : 2 were evolved, the residue being composed of calcium acetate. It is possible, therefore, that methane i n the alimentary canal is not always derived from cellulose.Formation of Starch in the Chlorophyll Granules. By G. BELLUCI (Chem. Centr., 1887,572).--Tn order to determine whether the production of starch under the iiifluence of sunlight, and the subsequent reconversion during night time, is to be regarded as a physiological or as a chemical change, the effect of the presence of various substances was tried. Chloroform, and to a slighter extent, ether vapour, destroy chlorophyll, and also prevent the transformation of starch formed duriiig sunlight; carbonic anhydride also diminishes the function of the chlorophyll, but does not destroy it, if the action is not allowed to continue unintermittcntly for 24 hours. The saccharification of starch proceeds in the dark, even in cut-off leaves, but more rapidly with free access of air.From these experiments, the author concludes that the phenomenon is a physiological and not a chemical change. TTr. D. H. V. H. V. Crystalline Deposits in Dahlia Tubers. By H. LEITGEB ( A m . Agronoin ., 13, 373--3TY).-In order to exhihit the sphero-crystals of inulin, the common plan is to soak sections of dahlia tubers in alcohol. The author having allowed a tuber to soak f o r several years in this Iiquid, finds the spheres of inulin with radid striae grouped in the peripheral region of the tuber. But besides these he has noticed spheres composed of an amorphous nucleus surrounded by an envelope formed of radiating needles. These crvst,als abounded in the pith and inner portions of the parenchyma. They leave after combustion a mineral residue of the same shape as the crystals, consisting of calcium phosphate.The amorphons nucleus consists of an organic substance which is neither inulin nor fatty matter. By W. WIPPRKCHT (Bied. Centr., 1887, 517--518).-The experiments were made on a clay from Texas. All ammonia was removed from the clay previons t o the experiments by heating a t 400". The following conclusions are drawn. Moist clay contains more ammonia than drier clay. I f the moisture remains constant, the more ammonia is absorbed the longer the clay remains exposed to the air. Dried clay when moistened and exposed for one day to the air. absorbs a considerable quantity J. 31. H. M. Absorption of Ammonia by Clay.ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. 1137 of ammonia. When moist clay is exposed to air, the loss of water is accompanied with a proportionately greater loss of ammonia, ; on the other hand, when clay is absorbing water from the air, it a t first gains more ammonia than it would lose during the evaporation of the same amount of water.A. J. G. Analysis of Onions. Ry C. -4. GOESSMANN (Pharm. J. Trans. [ 3 ] , 18, 7 7-78) .--IOU0 parts of air-dried onions, without the leaves, con- sisted of 892 parts of water, and 108 of dry matter, containing 2.12 parts of nitrogen, 0.48 part of sulphur, and yielding 4.36 parts of ash. The percentage composition of the ash was- K20. Na,O. CaO. MgO. Fe,O,. SiO,. P,O,. 38.51 1.90 8.20 3-65 0.58 3.33 15.80 The sulphuric acid in the ash was not determined, because the 0.48 part of sulphur in ZOO0 parts of the onion includes the total amount of sulphur present in any form.Whilst snlphur is an essential con- stituent of all plants, it is only in a comparatively few families that it exists in volatile combinations capable of imparting sti-ong and oflensive odours. As many plants of this kind when eaten by cows impart their odour to the milk, their absence is one condition of good dairy farm pastures. R. R. Manurial Experiments with Various Phosphates. By KREN P (Ried. Centr., 1887, 525-527).-11he crop was oats, and various phos- phates :-super, precipitated and basic cinder, were used in combinn- tion with Chili saltpetre. Very little o r no gain was obtained by the addition of the phosphates. Manuring with Various Phosphates. By W. ROBERTS (Bied. Centr., 1887, 528-530) .-Superphosphate mas compared with pre- cipitated and Ardeunas phosphates as to its action on the growth of wheat.The Ardennes produced an intermediate crop, whilst that from the use of the precipitated phosphate was only an eighth of the net gain by the use of superphosphate. Further experiments on potatoes, roots, and buckwheat showed a similar result, the reduced phosphate lagging far behind. Analpes of the soil are not given. E. W. P. E. W. P.1134 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.Chemistry of Vegetable Physiology and Agriculture.Nitrifying Microbes. By N. MILES (B;ed. Centr., 1887,514-515).-Miles confirms Warington’s observation as to the length of timewhich elapses between the infection of the liquid and the commenc, nmentof the nitrifying process, and he finds that this period of quiescence maybe cut short by introducing a minute quantity of another and earliercnlture.When calcium carbonate vas absent, the microbes increasedrapidly, but nitrification seldom occurred, and microbes which hadbeen cultivated for some generationa in liquid not containing calciuVEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE. 1135carbonate, caused nitrification in dilute urine to which calciumcarbonate had been added. It appears that those microbes whichincrease rapidly without nitrification are of peculiar aGrobic forms,but if they cause rapid nitdcation, then they belong to the anaikobicclass. Solutions were tested for nitrous acid, but it was seldomfound; when found it was in those solutions which gave no reactionfor nitric acid, and in which micrococci appeared together with thetrue nitrifying microbe.Culture of Anaerobic Bacteria.Morphology of ButyricFermentation. By M. GRUBER (Chem. Centr., 1687, 535).-Gela-tin, contained in a glass tube about 2 em. wide, fused together atone end and drawn out t o a neck 5 to 6 cm. long, and 3 t o 4 cm. wide,is inoculated, the tube placed in water at 30-35", exhausted andsealed. The fused gelatin is spread over the surface of the tube byrotation. I n using this method, the author found that the three bacteriaknown by the joint riame of Clostridium butyricum (Bac. amylobacter),are capable of producing butyric acid and butyl alcohol from cnrbo-hydrates. N. H. M.Distribution of the Nitric Ferment and its Function in theDisintegration of Rocks.By A. MUNTZ (Ann. Chim. Phys. [6], 11,136-144) .-The bare surfaces of calcareous, felspathic, micaceous,schistose, and other rocks a t the summits of mountains in thePyrenees, Alps: and Vosges, yielded large numbers of the nitricferment, which penetrates to a considerable depth in the cracks inthe rocks, and is especially abundant on surfaces which show thegreatest disintegration. This organism is not killed by the lowesttemperatures of the Alps.The rocks concerned, especially those above the limits of vegetation,contain small quantities of carbon, which make the rock blackenwhen heated. This carbon is derived from air and rain. The authorhas previously proved that alcohol vapour exists in small quantitiesin the atmosphere.Direct experiments show that the nitrifyingorganisms will exist and produce nitrates wihh no other sustenancethan the mineral constituents of the rock on which they are placedand small quantities of alcohol vapour aud ammonia suspended in amoist atmosphere. Some carbon is also found to have been depositedin or upon the rock on which the organisms are living. There isevery reason to believe that these nitrifying organisms play an i m -portant part in the superficial disintegration of rocks even at thehighest levels. C. H. B.Methane Fermentation of Acetic Acid. By F. HOPPE-SEYLER(Zsit. physiol. Chem., 11, 561-568) .--Calcium acetate was dissolvedin water, and river mud added to the solution in a flask. The mix-ture was allowed to stand at the atmospheric temperature for sevenmonths, during which time the gas which was evolved was collectedover mercury and occasionally analysed.For the first few weeks,some atmospheric nitrogen mas present in the mixed gases, but afterthis time carbonic anhydride and methane were alone present, in theE. W. P1136 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.proportion 1 : 2 approximately. The residue in the flask consistedalniost entirely of calcium carbonate. The decomposition m hich hadoccurred may be represented thus : (C2H,02)2Ca + H20 = CO$a +CO, + 2CH4. I n addition to the calcium carbonate, there was also inthe flask a small amount of sodium carbonate : this was derived froma slight impurity in the original salt used, together with some derivedfrom the glass wall of the flask.There was also organic matter fromthe mud, and a large number of bacteria. The change is believed tobe due to the agency of the barterin, although to which specialvariety has not yet been ascertained. By an experiment similarlycarried out with calcium lactate, carbonic anhydride and methane inthe proportion of 1 : 2 were evolved, the residue being composed ofcalcium acetate. It is possible, therefore, that methane i n thealimentary canal is not always derived from cellulose.Formation of Starch in the Chlorophyll Granules. ByG. BELLUCI (Chem. Centr., 1887,572).--Tn order to determine whetherthe production of starch under the iiifluence of sunlight, and thesubsequent reconversion during night time, is to be regarded as aphysiological or as a chemical change, the effect of the presence ofvarious substances was tried. Chloroform, and to a slighter extent,ether vapour, destroy chlorophyll, and also prevent the transformationof starch formed duriiig sunlight; carbonic anhydride also diminishesthe function of the chlorophyll, but does not destroy it, if the actionis not allowed to continue unintermittcntly for 24 hours. Thesaccharification of starch proceeds in the dark, even in cut-off leaves,but more rapidly with free access of air.From these experiments,the author concludes that the phenomenon is a physiological and nota chemical change.TTr. D. H.V. H. V.Crystalline Deposits in Dahlia Tubers. By H. LEITGEB ( A m .Agronoin ., 13, 373--3TY).-In order to exhihit the sphero-crystals ofinulin, the common plan is to soak sections of dahlia tubers inalcohol.The author having allowed a tuber to soak f o r several yearsin this Iiquid, finds the spheres of inulin with radid striae grouped inthe peripheral region of the tuber. But besides these he has noticedspheres composed of an amorphous nucleus surrounded by an envelopeformed of radiating needles. These crvst,als abounded in the pithand inner portions of the parenchyma. They leave after combustiona mineral residue of the same shape as the crystals, consisting ofcalcium phosphate. The amorphons nucleus consists of an organicsubstance which is neither inulin nor fatty matter.By W. WIPPRKCHT (Bied.Centr., 1887, 517--518).-The experiments were made on a clay fromTexas.All ammonia was removed from the clay previons t o theexperiments by heating a t 400". The following conclusions aredrawn. Moist clay contains more ammonia than drier clay. I f themoisture remains constant, the more ammonia is absorbed the longerthe clay remains exposed to the air. Dried clay when moistenedand exposed for one day to the air. absorbs a considerable quantityJ. 31. H. M.Absorption of Ammonia by ClayANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. 1137of ammonia. When moist clay is exposed to air, the loss of wateris accompanied with a proportionately greater loss of ammonia, ;on the other hand, when clay is absorbing water from the air, it a tfirst gains more ammonia than it would lose during the evaporation ofthe same amount of water.A. J. G.Analysis of Onions. Ry C. -4. GOESSMANN (Pharm. J. Trans. [ 3 ] ,18, 7 7-78) .--IOU0 parts of air-dried onions, without the leaves, con-sisted of 892 parts of water, and 108 of dry matter, containing 2.12parts of nitrogen, 0.48 part of sulphur, and yielding 4.36 parts of ash.The percentage composition of the ash was-K20. Na,O. CaO. MgO. Fe,O,. SiO,. P,O,.38.51 1.90 8.20 3-65 0.58 3.33 15.80The sulphuric acid in the ash was not determined, because the0.48 part of sulphur in ZOO0 parts of the onion includes the total amountof sulphur present in any form. Whilst snlphur is an essential con-stituent of all plants, it is only in a comparatively few families thatit exists in volatile combinations capable of imparting sti-ong andoflensive odours. As many plants of this kind when eaten by cowsimpart their odour to the milk, their absence is one condition of gooddairy farm pastures. R. R.Manurial Experiments with Various Phosphates. By KREN P(Ried. Centr., 1887, 525-527).-11he crop was oats, and various phos-phates :-super, precipitated and basic cinder, were used in combinn-tion with Chili saltpetre. Very little o r no gain was obtained by theaddition of the phosphates.Manuring with Various Phosphates. By W. ROBERTS (Bied.Centr., 1887, 528-530) .-Superphosphate mas compared with pre-cipitated and Ardeunas phosphates as to its action on the growth ofwheat. The Ardennes produced an intermediate crop, whilst thatfrom the use of the precipitated phosphate was only an eighth of thenet gain by the use of superphosphate. Further experiments onpotatoes, roots, and buckwheat showed a similar result, the reducedphosphate lagging far behind.Analpes of the soil are not given.E. W. P.E. W. P

ISSN:0368-1769    

DOI:10.1039/CA8875201134

出版商:RSC    

年代:1887

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. Analytical Chemistry. 1137 Improved Form of Elliott’s Gas Apparatus. € 3 ~ J. B. MACKTNTOSH (Amer. Chem. J., 9, 294-296; compare Abstr., 1884, 215).-The measuring tube is provided a t the top with a three-way stopcock, and is thus permanently connected on the one side with the absorption burette, on the other with the explosion burette, the small funnel for the top of which is no longer required. A convenient method of preparing oxygen for gas analjsis is by the1138 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. action of hydrogen peroxide on an acidified permanganate solution in the absorption burette. H. B. New Mode of Testing for Nitrates. By E. BR~AL (Ann. Agronom., 13, 322--327).-The author utilises the tendency of dis- solved nitrates to accumulate in capillary spaces, dr where evapora- tion is most active.One end of a strip of white filter-paper is immersed in the solution to be tested, the other end being freely ex- posed to the air. After the lapse of 12 to 15 hours, if the solution contained only traces of nitrates, these will be found entirely con- centrated within a millimetre of the free end of the strip of paper. This is cut off, dried on a white surface, and moistened with a drop of phenolsnlphonic acid, made by adding one part of crystallised phenol to one part of recently boiled pure sulphuric acid and diluting with two parts pure distilled water. A more or less intense red coloration indicates nitrates ; when a drop or two of ammonia is added the colour changes to an intense blue or green. The filter-paper employed must be purified by repeated washing with pure distilled water.The delicacy of the test, is considerable. One drop of a solution containing 1 mgrm. of potassium nitrate in 1 C.C. of water gives with phenolsul- phonic acid an intense red coloration ; this drop will contain about 0.025 mgrm. of nitric acid. If one drop of this solution is added t o 100 C.C. of water, and the strip of filter-paper immersed in it, nitric acid may be distinctly recogiiised after 12 hours in the millimetre of paper nearest the free end. This method, therefore, affords the.means of detecting a quarter of a mgrm. of nitric acid in a litre of water, or 1 in 4,000,000. If the strip of paper be partly immersed in moist soil, any nitrates in the soil can be very easily detected, and the method promises to become of much use in experiments on the rela- tion of nitrates to plant growth.Detection of Potassium by means of Sodium Bismuth Thiosulphate. By C. PAULY ( O h m . Ceutr., 1887, 553) .--The author has reinvestigated this reaction, first proposed by Carnot, and fin& that it is really characteristic for potassium, and can be applied with- out previous separation from most other metals. It consists in adding an alcoholic solution of sodium bismuth thiosulphate, when a yellow, crystalline precipitate of potassium bismuth thiosulphate, K,Bi( S,O,),, is obtained. A. J. G. J. M. H. M. Determination of Alkaline Chlorides in Potashes. By H. FOCEE (Ohern. C'entr., 1887, 699).-In order to determine the propor- tion of sodium and potassium chlorides in potashes, the dissolved sample is neutralised with dilute sulphuric acid, a few drops of normal soda added, and the whole evaporated.The residue is taken up with 85 per cent. alcohol, the water required for the dilution of the alcohol being poured on the mass, and then the absolute alcohol added gi-adu- ally. After a time, the liquid is filtered, and the insoluble portion washed with alcohol; the mixed solutions are then evaporated, the residue dissolved in water, and the proportion of alkali-metal, and chlorine determined in aliquot proportions respectively. V. H. V.ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. 11 39 Testing Copper Sulphate. By BAUDOIN (Ann. Agronom., 13, 31%3'Ll) .-Copper sulphate being now largely employed for appli- cation to vines, it becomes of importance to test commercial samples, especially €or the sulphates of iron, zinc, and magnesium. Iron is of course easily detected by boiling the solution Kith nitric acid and adding excess of ammonia.Zinc is best detected by Chancel's pro- cess; sodium hyposulphite is added to the solution of the copper sulphate until the latter is decolorised, sodium carbonate is then added, which precipitates both zinc and magnesium if present. They can be separated in the uscal way. The author is engaged in ascertaining whether the density of commercial samples of copper sulphate may be utilised as indications of purity. By C . MEINEKE (Chern. Centr., 1887, 553).- The clay is fused with hydrogen sodium carbonate, the product treated with hydrochloric acid, evaporated to dryness, and heated for some time a t 150-300".It is then dissolved in cold water, decanted five times, and the silica washed on a filter. After ignition, the silica is again evaporated with hydrochloric acid and washed. The weighed silica is treated with hydrofluoric acid, the alumina and ferric oxide determined, and the weight deducted. The filtrate is evaporated in a platinum dish, when a residue is ob- tained insoluble in hydrochloric acid, and consisting of silica and a1 umina. Sand is determined in the residue obtained by decomposing the clay with sulphuric acid. The residue is dried at not too high a tem- perature, and exposed to air until no further increase in weight takes place during weighing. The greater part of the residue is weighed, and divided into two nearly equal portions, the one (a) is ignited, the other ( h ) is extracted with boiling alkali.From the weight of (a) the weight of ( b ) when anhydrous is calculated. The filtrate (c) with the rest of the residue is now ignited, and thus the whole weight of anhy- drous residue and the proportion a : b : c (a + b + c ) in the dry and anhydrous state is obtained. Determination of Manganese by means of Mercuric Oxide and Bromine. By C. MEINEKE (Chenz. Centr., 1887, 554) .-Volhard's method is modified as follows :-The solution in nitric or sulphuric acid containing iron as wall as manganese to be determined, is pre- cipitated with zinc oxide and made up t o a definite bulk. An aliquot part of the solution it3 treated in the following manner:-Mercuric oxide rubbed with water and bromine-water are alternately added until the former is in considerable excess, when a sudden separation of manganese occurs.The manganese peroxide adhering to the sides of the vessel is dissolved in hydrochloric acid and treated separately, The precipitate is mixed with tlie oxides of iron and zinc, but is free from manganous oxide. The pure manganic oxide is determined volumetrically by reducing with oxalic acid mixed with hydrochloric acid (eq. mols.), and determining the excess of oxalic acid with per- manganate. N. H. M. J. M. H. M. Analysis of Clay. N. H. M.1140 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. Estimation of Metallic Iron in Slags. By G. NEUMANN (Zeit. and. Chern., 26, 530---534).-The usual process, which consists in digesting the slag with copper sulphate and ascertaining the quantity of copper deposited, is accurate in the absence of other reducing agents but is tedious.The measurement of the hydrogen evolved by the substance when treated with a dilute acid gives equally accurate results, and is much more rapid. The ferric oxide present seems to remain inert. A special apparatus for the purpose (for which the unfortunate name " hydrometer " is proposed) consists of a graduated tube with a stopcock-funnel at the top, and a wide-bore ( 5 mm.) stop- cock at the bottom. A narrow tube inserted at the side in an upward direction just above the lower stopcock communicates with a pressure tube like that of the nitrometer. The flask containing the substance i s connected directly with the lower end of the graduated tube which is widened to the size of the neck, and is filled to the lower stopcock with water.The graduated tube is t'hen filled through the pressure tube with acid which, on opening the stopcock, finds its way down to the slag. Any carbonic anhjdride or hydrogen sulphide can be absorbed by running in potash through the stopcock-funnel until the contents of the burette are alkaline. M. J. S. The gas rises throagh the stopcock into the burette. Rapid Methods for the Estimation of Silicon, Sulphur, and Manganese in Iron and Steel. By J. J. MORGAN (Chenz. News, 56, 82--83).-Sili(*on is estimated by the so-called '' roasting " method, heating in a muffle a t a bright-red heat for 20 niiriutes, treating with hydrochloric acid, and igniting the iiisoluble silica, &c.For the estimation of sulptinr, the sample is treated with sulphuric acid, and the gases evolved are passed into a measured quantity of a dilute solution of lead acetate. The colour of this solution is then coiiipared with that obkained by treating a steel having a known amotint of sulphur in a similar manner, and so on. To estimate the maiiganese, the sample is dissolved in nitric acid, cooled, treated first with a small quantity of water, then with lead peroxide and a few drops of strong nitric acid, boiled for four minutes, and finally cooled. The manganese is calculated from the permanganats formed, which is estimated by comparing the colour with a standard as in the case of the sulphur. For phosphoric acid, the author prefers the molybdate method.D. A. L. Estimation of Silicon in Iron and Steel. By T. TURNER (Chem. News, 56, 49-50).-1t is shown by experiments that silicon can be correctly estimated in cast irons of very good quality by evaporation wiqh dilute sulphuric acid ; but with phosphoric irons the residues obtained are white butl impure, and when in addition an iron contailis titanium, the residue, although very nearly white, may have 20 per cent. of impurity, and contains iron, phosphoric acid, and titanium. Evaporation with sulphuric acid gives fairly good results with steels containing only a small quantity of silicon. In tho aqua-regia method, the colour of the residue is usually an indication of its purity. D. A. L.ANALYTICAL CllEXISTRY. 1141 Determination of Sulphur in Iron. By P.PLATZ ( Q l ~ m . Centr., 1887, 57Y).-The barium chloride method for the determination of sulphur in iron is modified as follows :--The iron and sulphur are oxidised by nitric acid; on prolonged boiling, the nitric acid is displaced by hydrochloric acid by gradually adding the latter. The whole is then evaporated until vapours of hydrogen chloride are no longer evolved, the residue diluted with water, and the insoluble silica filtered off. To the filtrate, barium chloride is added, and the precipitate collected and heated to oxidise any barium sulphide which may have been formed. The precipitate is finally digested with hydrochloric acid to dissolve out the iron oxide, and weighed. Control experiments gave satis- factory results. V. H. V. Volumetric Estimation of Cobalt in Presence of Nickel, By N.MCCULLOCH (Chem. News, 56, 27--29).-The author finds that cobalt '' peroxide '' is reduced by free iodine, iodides, hypochlorites, hjpobromites, and hydrogen peroxide and ammonia to a lower oxide or oxides, possibly C O ~ ~ O ~ ~ , hence the author confirms Bayleg's results (Abstr., 1879, 507), but he gives no hope of founding a method of estimating cobalt iu presence of nickel, depending on the higher oxides of cobalt. Separation of Nickel and Cobalt from Iron. By J. B. MACLNTOSH (Chem. News, 56, 64--65).-Proceeding at first by the old method of precipitating all three metals by ammonium sulphide, and treating with dilute hydrochloric acid; a solution with much iron and little nickel and cobalt, and R precipitate rich in nickel and cobalt but poor in iron are obtained.These are then treated separately in the ordinary way, by precipitating the iron as basic acetate, and perfect sepa,ration of the nickel and cobalt from iron is effected much more readily than by the " basic acetate " treatment alone. D. A. L. D. A. L. Direct Precipitation of Nickel Oxide in the Presence of Iron. By T. MOORE (Chem. News, 56, 3).-The solution containing the two metals, freed from acids, is treated first with glacial phos- phoric acid or sodium pyrophosphate until the precipitate begins to dissolve, then with potassium cjanide wbich dissolves the remainder of the precipitate. This solution is now boiled for a couple of minutes, and the addition of potassium cyanide continued until potassium hydroxide does not give a precipitate.When cool, the solution is made alkaline with potassium hydroxide, excess of bromine solution in potassium hydroxide added, and the whole warmed ; nickel and manganese (if present) are precipitated, iron and cobalt remain dis- solved. The precipitate is dissolved in sulphuric acid and the nickel deposited electrolytically. Good results have been obtained with this met hod. D. A. L. Water Analysis. (Chem. News, 56, 113.)-The Chemical Section of the American Association for the Advancement of Science recom- mends the following plan for a uniform method of stating results of1142 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. water analysis. They aye of opinion that two distinct schemes should be in use, one for mineral and one for potable waters.Mineral water results should state in parts per 1000, by weight, each basic element, each acid element in combination or supposed combination with the bases, the remaining acid elements being given in connection with all the oxygen of their salts (COs, SO4, &c.). Volumes of gascs expelled on boiling to be in cubic centimetres per litre. Constituents should be amanged in electropositive order, positive ones first. Potable water results to be stated in parts per million, to include- Total solids, chlorine, nitrogen expelled on boiling with sodium car- bonate, and nitrogen as free ammonia, nitrogen expelled by boiling with alkaline permanganate and alburuinoid nitrogen, nitrogen as nitrife and as nitrate ; organic matter ; hardness. Estimation of Methyl Alcohol in Presence of Ethyl Alcohol. By 0.HEHNER (Analyst, 12, 25--29).-Since 1 part of ethyl alcohol (oxidised to acetic acid) reduces 4.278 parts of potassium dichromate, whilst 1 part of methyl alcohol requires 9.224 parts (oxidising to carbonic anhydride and water), the proportions of the two in a mixture can be calculated from a determination of the amount of dichromate reduced by 1 part of the mixture. This was confirmed by several experiments on mixtures of known composition. The oxidising solution contained 80 grams of dichromate, and 150 C.C. of concentrated sulphuric acid in the litre. Of the diluted alcohol, a quantity containing about 0.2 gpani is mixed with 25 or 30 C.C. of the chromate solution in a bottle, which is corked and heated in boiling water for at least two hours.The unreduced chromate is then estimated by iron solution and standard dichromate. Dimethyl Ethyl Carbinol. By B. PISCHER (Arch. Pharm. [3], 25, 777-i79).-This compound (amylene hydrate) has recently been strongly recommended as an opiate. As it may be contaminated with fermentation amyl alcohol, which is poisonous, it should be sub- jected to the following tests. 1 gram is dissolved in 15 C.C. of water and tinted a faint red with permanganate solution ; the colour ought not to change within 15 minutes (ethyl and amyl alcohol). 1 gram is dissolved in 15 C.C. of water, and slightly warmed with potassium dichromnte and dilute sulphuric aoid, no green colour should appear within half an hour (as above). 1 gram dissolved in 15 C.C. water is warmed with some drops of silver nitrate amd a trace of ammonia.The silver should not be precipitated (aldehyde, with which most of the primary alcohols are contaminated). As an opiate this compound is more powerful than paraldehyde, but less so than chloral hydrate. Its therapeutic value depends on the fact that it affects neither the breathing nor the action of the heart. D. A. L. M. J. S. J. T. Estimation of Glycerol in Fermented Liquids. By L. LEGLER (Analyst, 12, 1&16).-The ordinary process, in which the crude glycerol is purified by extraction with ether-alcohol, is unsatisfactory, owing to the retention of some of the glycerol by the impurities. The author dilutes the crude gljcerol with water, adds an excess ofANALYTICAL CHENISTRY. 1143 potassium dichromnte, and treats the mixture with sulphuric acid in a Will's carbonic acid apparatus in the ordinary way for a carbonic acid determination.Gentle boiling is required to complete the oxida- tion of the glycerol to carbonic anhydride and water. I n analysing sweet wines, the glucose they contain may be destroyed by evaporation to dryness with baryta-water before extracting the glycerol with alcohol. Cane-sugar must first be inverted by boiling with hydro- chloric acid. The crude qlvcerol contains impurities which yield carbonic anhydride on oxidation. The amount of these precipitated by ammoniacal solution of lead acetate is paid to be constant and t o be equivalent to 0.035 gram of glycerol per 100 C.C. of wine. Further experiments are promised. Estimation of Glycerol and its Non-volatility with Aqueous Vapour.By 0. HEHNER (AnaZyst, 12, 44-46, and 65-67).-The glycerol is oxidived as in Legler's process (preceding Abstract) by an excess of potassium dichromate and sulphuric acid, but the a-athor measures the amount of dichromate reduced. One part of glycerol requires 7.486 parts of dichromate. The oxidising solution contains 80 grams of potassiam dichyomate, and 150 C.C. of strong sulphuric acid per litre. The unreduced excess is determined by titration with iron and standard dichromate. In moderately strong solutions (12 grams per litre), two hours' heating is sufficient to ensure the complete oxidation of the glycerol, but in highly dilute solutions a further addition of sulphiiric acid is requisite. Such dilute solutions can, however, be concentrated by vigorous boilinc without the loss of a trace of glycerol.Even a 50 per cent. solution boiled for two honw in a covered beaker, with continual replacement of the evaporated water (257 c.c.), did not suffer an appreciable loss of glycerol, whilst the loss from a 7% per cent. solution was very insignificant. Determination of Moisture in Starch. By F. W. DAFERT (Chem. Cenfr., 1887, 567).-Experiments are described to ascertain the temperature at which starch suffers the maximum loss in weight without appreciable decompoaition. At 120" the loss was 11-31 per cent. ; at 105-107", 10.89 per cent. ; and a t 100" in a vacuum 11.9 per cent. ; in the first case, tohe starch was slightly changed, but in the last it was unaltered. It is recommended that determinntions of M.J. S. M. J. S. moisture should be conducted by this method. v. h'. v. Logwood Test for Alum in Bread. By W. C. YOUNG (AnaZyst, 12, 29-32, and 145--147).-Sour bread gives the same blue colora- tion with logwood as bread to which alum has been added. Specimens of bread which gave 110 indication with the logwood test, all showed the blue colour intensely after being moistened with very dilute acetic acid. Since aluminium phosphate is perceptibly soluble in cold, though not in hot, acetic acid, i t is possible that this may account for the reaction after acidifying. Estimation of Hydrocyanic Acid. By 0. LINDE ( A d . Pharm. [3], 25, 690).-In the determination of hydrocyanic acid in bitter 31. J. S.1144 ABSTRAG'L'S OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.almond water according to the Paris Pharmacopoeia, the author pro- ceeds as follows :-The bitter almond water is diluted with two volumes of water as the reactions then proceed most rapidly ; basic magnesium acetate is added at once in considerable excess of the potassium chromate solution, not " some " drops, but only two drops per 27 grams of water to be added; of the silver solution almost sufficient to precipitate the whole of the acid should be added at once; the titration is best made by daylight, as the persistent red colour is not so well seen by gas- or lamp-light, Estimation of Thiocyanic Acid. By P. KLASON (J. pr. Chem. [2], 3 6 , 74--77).--If hydrochloric acid is not present, thiocyanic acid may be accurately determined by titration with silver nitrate. If hydrochloric acid is present the determination must be made by oxida- tion with permanganate.Here, however, the degree of concentration influences the result-which is always too low. If the concentration is not less than decinormal, the result is 16 per cent. too low, and this should be added to the amount found. L. T. T. J. T. Estimation of Carbonic Acid in Beer. By C. A. CRAMPTON and T. C. TRESCOT (Anzer. Chem. J., 9, 290--293).-The cork of the bottle is pierced by a champagne tap and the gas passed through an Erlenmeyer's flask (to retain any foam), then dried by sulphuric acid and calcium chloride, and absorbed by soda-lime ; the sample is after- wards heated to 80°, and the gas swept into the soda-lime tube by a current of pure air.The authors find an average of almost 0.4 per cent., most authorities giving an average of 0.1 to 0.2 per cent,; a, liigber amouiit of carbonic acid indicates either the addition of sodium bicarbonate or a state of after-fermentation. H. B. Estimation of the Free Acid in Tannin Liquor by Titra- tion. By R. ROCH (Dingl. pdyt. J., 265, 33--41).-1n a previous communication (this vol., p. 871), the author recommended the use of ali>umin for the separation of tannin and the decolorisation of tannin liquor. He now finds that a solution of gelatin is preferable, as the precipitation of albumin by the aid of heat and the subsequent cooling is found to be inconvenient. It is necessary, however, to adjust the concentration of the gelatin solution to the amount of tannin in the liquor, otherwise difficulties in connection with the filtration and mashing of the precipitate will arise.A solution containing 2 grams of gelatin in tt litre of water is applicable to most liquors. The pro- cess is described in detail in the paper, and several test analyses are given. The author also states that powdered skin cannot be used for clecolorisinp tmnin liquor for the purpose of determining the free acid contained thereiu, owing to the fact that it absorbs acid from such liquors. D. B. The Lnctocrite; a New Apparatus for Determining Fat in Milk. By H. FABER (Analyst, 12, 6-ll).-The principle of this apparatus and method introduced by I)e Laval, consists in the sepa- rdtion of the €at by centrifugal force, after the casein has beenANALT TICAL CHEMISTRY.11.45 lrouglit into such a condition that it does not prerent the union of the fat globules, This is effected by heating the milk with an equal volume of glacial acetic acid containing 5 per cent. by volume of concentrated sulphuric acid. The mixture is then introduced into a graduated tube, and several of these tubes at once are rotated for a few minutes in a specially constructed disc. The column of butter- fat obtained gives the percentage by a simple reading on the graduated tnbe. The results can be trusted to within 0.1 per cent. in whole milk, b u t in skimmed milk are about 0.2 per cent. too low. . M. J. S. Reichert's Distillation Process. By A. H. ALLEN (Analyst, 12, Il-l3).-Porpoise oil and some samples of wha,le oil give nearly as large a percentage of volatile fattyacids as butter does.The appear- ance of solid fatty acids in the distillate is an indication of the presence of cocoanut oil. It is desirable to saponify the fat in a flask or closed bottle, since snponi- fication in an open basin is found to give low results. The form of the distillation apparatus is of little importance. They should be filtered off before titrating. M. J. 8. Volumetric Estimation of Urea. By G. CAMPANI (Gazzetftr;, 17, 137--141).-The method described is based on the reaction of nitrous acid on urea, and estimation by alkalimetry of the carbonic anhydride evolved. In a tube of 150 to 200 C.C. capacity 20 C.C. of a 10 per cent. solution of potassium nitrite is introduced, then 2 C.C. of urine, and lastly 2 C.C.of 5 per cent. sulphuric acid. The tnbe is then fitted with tc delivery tube, the contents gently warmed and the carbonic acid evolved is collected in lime-water of known strength. When thc reaction is complete, the amount Gf lime nentralised by the carbonic anhydride is determined in the usual manner by a standard solution of oxalic acid ; 1 mol. of carbonic anhydride corresponds with 1 mol. of urea, thus: CO(NH,), + 2HN02 = 3H,O + 2N, + CO,. The results obtained in test analyses are fairly concordant with one another and with those obtained by Liebig's method. It is necessary that the reaction should be allowed to proceed slowly; otherwise nitrous acid is evolved. V. H. V. Estimation of Quinine Sulphate. By 0. HESSE (J. Pharnz. [ S ] , 16, 213-215).-1 gram of the sulphate dried at 100" is agitated with 20 C.C.of water at 60" and filtered after cooling ; 5 grams of the filtrate is placed in a somewhat narrow test-tube ; 2 C.C. of ether and five drops of ammonia are added; the tube is now stoppered and carefully agitated. The ethereal solution ought to be limpid, and should not deposit crystals. The author thinks that Paul's method gives good results when modified as follows: 5 grams of sulphate is dissolved in boiling water and allowed to crystallise; the mother- liquor is set aside and the crystals are dissolved in 120 C.C. of boiling water, recrjstallised, and the process is repeated a third time, &c., the mother-liquor always being set apart. Three crysbctllisations suffice VOL. LII. 4 h1146 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICATJ PAPERS.with a salt containing 5 per cent. of cinchonidine sulphate; fire crystallisations are indispensable when 9 per cent. is present. The mother-liquors of the three first crystnilisations are evaporated to dryness, the residue is dissolved in dilute siilphiiric acid, water is added to 20 c.c., and this is agitated with 16 C.C. ether and excess of ammonia. After 24 hours, the crystals of cinchonidine are collected. Similarly the remaining mother-liquors are made into a volume of 8 c.c., and treated with ammonia and 2 or 3 C.C. of ether; the crystals obtained' are weighed with the preceding crop. The results thus obtained agree sensibly with those afforded by de Vrij's bisulphate method. J. T. Testing Quinine Sulphate. Ry G. RERNER and A. WELLER (Arch.Pharm. [3], 25, 712-7118, and 749-765).-The ammonia test for commercial quinine sulphate was proposed by one of the authors a t a time when South America was the chief source of the salt, and the compound was almost free from cinchonidine ; more recently Asiatic products have appeared in the market, in which cinchonidinc often occurs in very considerable proportions. '1'0 meet the new conditions, the following method is proposed :-The sample of quinine sulphate is maintained at 40--50" until completely aisintegrated, 2 grams in 20 grams of water is kept a t 60-65' forhalf an hour with frequent stirring. The temperature is now brought to 15" anti maintained at that for two hours with stirring, care being taken to have the temperature 15" exactly before the subsequent filtering.5 C.C. of the filtrate is treated with ammonia of 0.96 sp. gr. until the precipitated quinine is again exactly dissolved. The amount of ammonia required should not exceed 10 C.C. The authors conclude that none of the methods hitherto proposed for the exact separation of cinchonidine and quinine are really exact. The same remark holds for the estimation of hydroquinine. J. T. Detection of Hop-substitutes in Beer. By A. H. ALLEN (Analyst, 12, 107--114).-A litre of the beer is evaporated to about 300 C.C. and precipitated hot with normal lead acetate, which is preferable to the basic or ammoniacal acetate of older processes. This throws down lupulin and hop-resin completely, leaving all or nearly all hop-substitutes in solution. After filtration, first hot and then cold, the lead is removed by hydrogen sulphide and the filtrate further concentrated.It is then acidified with sulphuric acid and shaken repeatedly with chloroform, which extracts absinthin, anthe- min (chamomiles), quassiin, calnmbin (colchicine, colocynthine, berberine, gentipicrin, picric acid, and picrotoxin imperfectly) ; ether is next employed t o extract chiratin (chiretta), colocynthin, genti- picrin , picric acid, and picrotoxin. A further treatment with ether- ohlorof o m after addition of ammonia completes the extraction of berberine and colchicine. If the residue from one of these solvents has a bitter taste, the piesence of some hop-substitute is certain. Quassiin, prepared by the above process, does nQt reduce Fehling'sANALYTIC hL CHEMISTRY. 1147 solution or ammoniacal silver nitrate, and gives no coloration with strong sulphuric acid, or with nitric acid of 1-25 sp.gr., even on warming. It gives a mahogany-brow11 colour with ferric chloride. Its chloroform solution treated with an excess of bromine and then with ammonia gives a bright yellow colour (Christensen). A solution of 1 part of quassiin in 500,000 of water has a strong and persistent, bitter taste. Gentipicrin and menyanthin reduce ammoniacal silver nitrate. With sulphuric acid, the former gives a red colour, the latter a yellowish-brown becoming T-iolet-red on warming. The chloroform extracts from chamomiles, calumba, colocynth, cocculus, and chirettn give no reaction with bromine and ammonia. The ether residue from chiretta, gives a straw-yellow colour changing to dull purplish-bro wn.C hira tin does not reduce Fehling’s solution ; it gives a copious precipitate with tannin. M. J. S . Estimation of Ipecacuanha. By F. RANSOM (Pharm. J. Trans. [ 31, 18, 241-242) .-The powdered ipecacuanha is thoroughly exhausted with chloroform that has been rendered alkaline by previous agitation with a strong solution of ammonia. An extraction apparatus is employed by means of which the exhaustion can be completed with hot chloroform. The solution is then agitated with dilute sulphuric acid, and the emetine in the acid solution estimated volu- metrically by Mayer’s reagent. It. R. Detection of Aniline Colours in Wine, &c. By C. 0. CURT- MAN (Zed. a n d Chem., 26, 555-556) .-The formation of isonitriles when aniline-derivatives are warmed with potash and chloroform serves for the direct detection in wine of even minute traces of many of the aniline colours.The evolution of the isonitrile is accelerated by adding excess of strong sulphuric acid. M. J. S. Estimation of Indigo. By G. MANNLEY (Chem. Centr., 1887,605). -In order to determine the proportion of indigo in a sample, the moisture is first estimated, and the dried mass introduced into a te& tube moistened with alcohol and a fine emulsion of grape-sugar in alcohol, and a few C.C. of soda solution added to it. The tube is then filled with alcohol, agitated for some time, left for 24 hours, and then poured into dilute sulphuric acid and oxidised by agitation. Hydrogen peroxide can also be used, and is t o be preferred, because the precipitate in this case does not adhere so much to the walls of the vessel. The whole is allowed to remain for two days, filtered through a tared filter, dried and weighed.A gram of substance is a convenient quantity for the determination. V. H. V. Testing Indigo Dyes on Fabrics. By W. LENZ (Zeit. anaZ. Cham., 26, 535-555).-1n the course of an enquiry into the genuine- ness of the indigo dye on a certain fabric, an extensive examination of the methods of testing blue dyes was made, and those at present in use were found not to be altogether trustworthy. Stuffs were 4 h 21148 ABSTRACTS OF CEEMICAL PAPERS. dyed with 12 varieties of indigo, using dilute soda and zinc powder for the reduction in order to avoid the removal of impurities which takes place in the lime-copperas vat.In the case of one of the samples (fine Java indigo), the dyed fabric behaved with acidified alcohol a8 though it had received a second dyeing with logwood. This anomalous result appears to have been due to the formation of an unstable yellow product of the reduction of indigo. It could not bc obtained again with the same sample. For the detection of the more usual blue dyes the following methods may be trusted :-The stuff is warmed with an acidified 10 per cent. solution of stannous chloride. Prussian-blue remains un- changed. Indigo (vat-blue), indigo-carmine, cotton-blue (triphenyl- rosaniline trisulphonate) are completely removed from the fibres and yield pale-yellow solutions. Logmood is also removed but gives a, rose-red solution.On adding a large excess of hydrogen peroxide to these solutions, the rose-red of logwood is destroyed, cotton-blue gives a blue solution, whilst indigo is not regenerated. Glacial acetic acid, or concentrated formic acid, dissolves indigo from a fabric. In presence of logwood, either acid in the cold acquires a rose-red colour, which on heating passes into yellowish- red, and is soon obscured by the dissolving indigo. Prussian-blue is unaffected, and indigo-carmine is not dissolved if more than 48 hours have elapsed since the dyeing. On mixing the acetic acid solution with ether and then adding water until the ether separates, the indigo is removed from the aqueous layer, which then in the presence of logwood shows a feeble reddish-yellow tint.If now a few drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid is added, the smallest trace of logwood is revealed by the production of a rich red colonr iu the aqueous layer. Cotton-blue obscures khis reaction. In this case, the aqueous layer must be separated and shaken with chloroform, or better amyl alcohol, which abstracts the aniline-blue. Another method of examining the acetic acid solution is to mix 1 C.C. of it with 5 C.C. of chloroform, then add 2 C.C. of water and crystalliseil sodium carbonate until alkaline. The chloroform layer is then separated and shaken with strong borax solution, which frees it from logwood. It is then mixed with ether and dilute acetic acid, when the aniline blue passes into the acid and the indigo remains in the mixture of ether and chloroform.The alkaline s o h tion contains the indigo-carmine and logwood; this is acidified with acetic acid and shaken with amyl alcohol, which removes the logwood with reddish colour, further intensified by hydrochloric acid. If a fabric dyed with the above colours is boiled with borax soh- tio n the logwood-blue and indigo-carmine are dissolved, whilst Prussian-blue is decomposed. Aniline-blue and vat-blue remain on the fibre, and may be distinguished by warming with ferric chloride. The filtered borax Aolution, which in presence of indigo-carmine is blue, is tested for logwood by stannous chloride. As a special test for logwood, the stuff may be treated directly with hydrochloric acid, or boiled with a 10 per cent. solution of alum, or of glucinum chloride to which an excess of ammonium carbonate is subsequently added.Ammonium molybdate gives at once an intenseANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. 1149 blue-violet. The absorption spectra of many of these solutions are figured. A fabric dyed with indigo alone skould stand the following tests : -Alcohol should dissolve no colour even on gentle warming ; cold saturated oxalic acid and borax solutions, 10 per cent. alum solution, and 33 per ccnt. ammonium niolybdate must remove no colour even on boiling. Stannous or ferric chloride destroys the colour on warm- ing. Glacial acetic acid dissolves all the colour on repeated boiling, and after mixing the solution with ether and water the aqueous layer is colourless and is not coloured by strong hydrochloric acid. The fabric boiled with hydrochloric acid evolves no hydrogen sul- phide, and the acid extract warmed nith a large excess of alkali and some chloroform evolves no odour of isonitriles.M. J. S. Detection of Artificial Colouring Matters in Butter, &c. By E. W. MARTIN (Analyst, 12, SO).--The followirig method serves for the detection of annatto, turweyic, carotin, and the aniline- and naphthol- yellows. Two parts of carbon bisulphide are gradually added to 15 parts of methyl alcohol, with gentle shaking ; to 25 C.C. of the mixture, in a convenieiit tube, 5 grams of the butter-fat or oil is added, and the tube is shaken. In a few minutes the bisulphidc falls to the bottom, carrying with i t the fat, whilst the foreign colour- ing matter remains in the alcohol. The natural colcuring matters of fats, &c., do not colour the methyl alcohol.M. J. S. Pettenkofer’s Reaction. By F. MTLIUS (Zed. phy.401. Clzem., 11, 492--496).-The cause of the blood-red colour produced on adding cane-sugar and sulphuric acid to cholic acid (Pettenkofer’s reaction) is unknown. The same colour is produced by the bile acids, by choleic acid, and by the distillation products of cholic acid. On the other hand, dehydrocholic acid and bilianic acid do not give it ; in these latter acids hydroxyl is absent, and it is not improbable that the reaction depends on the presen’ce of the hydroxyl-group. The reaction may he obtained by using furfuraldehyde instead of sugar. That it is not tEc sugar itself on which the reaction depends, but some volatile substance, was considered probable, because the reaction was obtained from the distillate of sugar with dilute sulphuric acid; acetone, mesitjl oxide, and phorone, which are formed in this process, do not give the reaction, but furfuraldehgde, which is also formed, does.As a test for furfuraldehyde, it is exceedingly delicate, a drop of a mixture of water and furfuraldehyde in the proportion 20,000 to 1 gives the colour on the addition of cholic acid and sul- phuric acid ; in other words, the fortieth part of a milligram can be thus detected. The colour can be extracted by ether, which is coloured blue by it. Other substances, however, besides cholic acid give the same re- action with furfuraldehyde, namely, isopropyl alcohol (to a slight extent), isobutyl alcohol (very intensely), ally1 alcohol, trimethyl carbinol, dimethyl ethyl carbinol, amJl alcohd, olejic acid, and petro-1150 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.leum. Among the substances which do not give the colour are the following :-E thy1 alcohol, ptopyl alcohol, capryl alcohol, acetic acid, isobutyric acid, acraldehyde, and benzene. The substances which give the test are seen in general t o be unsaturated compounds, or those which by the loss of water become unsaturated ; it is considered not improbable that the reaction depends on some hydrocarbon produced from the foregoing compounds when they lose water owing to the action of sulphuric acid. W. D. H. Detection of Albumin in Urine. By A. LTEBERMANN (Chew. Centy., 1887, 600).-If albumin is extracted a few times with alcohol, and then washed with cold ether, it gives a deep violet coloration if heated with concentrated hydrochloric acid (sp.gr. 1.196). Positive results were obtained with various pathological products, but experi- ments with hmmoglobnlin, chondrin, and keratin, were unsuccessful. In the case of urine, the liquid is at first boiled with a small quantity of acetic acid. and the precipitated albumin treated as above; the reaction succeeded with 5 C.C. of urine to which 0.1 per cent. of egg- albumin was added. V. H. V.ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY.Analytical Chemistry.1137Improved Form of Elliott’s Gas Apparatus. € 3 ~ J. B.MACKTNTOSH (Amer. Chem. J., 9, 294-296; compare Abstr., 1884,215).-The measuring tube is provided a t the top with a three-waystopcock, and is thus permanently connected on the one side with theabsorption burette, on the other with the explosion burette, the smallfunnel for the top of which is no longer required.A convenient method of preparing oxygen for gas analjsis is by th1138 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.action of hydrogen peroxide on an acidified permanganate solution inthe absorption burette.H. B.New Mode of Testing for Nitrates. By E. BR~AL (Ann.Agronom., 13, 322--327).-The author utilises the tendency of dis-solved nitrates to accumulate in capillary spaces, dr where evapora-tion is most active. One end of a strip of white filter-paper isimmersed in the solution to be tested, the other end being freely ex-posed to the air. After the lapse of 12 to 15 hours, if the solutioncontained only traces of nitrates, these will be found entirely con-centrated within a millimetre of the free end of the strip of paper.This is cut off, dried on a white surface, and moistened with a drop ofphenolsnlphonic acid, made by adding one part of crystallised phenolto one part of recently boiled pure sulphuric acid and diluting withtwo parts pure distilled water.A more or less intense red colorationindicates nitrates ; when a drop or two of ammonia is added the colourchanges to an intense blue or green. The filter-paper employed mustbe purified by repeated washing with pure distilled water. Thedelicacy of the test, is considerable. One drop of a solution containing1 mgrm. of potassium nitrate in 1 C.C. of water gives with phenolsul-phonic acid an intense red coloration ; this drop will contain about0.025 mgrm.of nitric acid. If one drop of this solution is added t o100 C.C. of water, and the strip of filter-paper immersed in it, nitricacid may be distinctly recogiiised after 12 hours in the millimetre ofpaper nearest the free end. This method, therefore, affords the.meansof detecting a quarter of a mgrm. of nitric acid in a litre of water, or1 in 4,000,000. If the strip of paper be partly immersed in moistsoil, any nitrates in the soil can be very easily detected, and themethod promises to become of much use in experiments on the rela-tion of nitrates to plant growth.Detection of Potassium by means of Sodium BismuthThiosulphate. By C. PAULY ( O h m .Ceutr., 1887, 553) .--The authorhas reinvestigated this reaction, first proposed by Carnot, and fin&that it is really characteristic for potassium, and can be applied with-out previous separation from most other metals. It consists in addingan alcoholic solution of sodium bismuth thiosulphate, when a yellow,crystalline precipitate of potassium bismuth thiosulphate, K,Bi( S,O,),,is obtained. A. J. G.J. M. H. M.Determination of Alkaline Chlorides in Potashes. By H.FOCEE (Ohern. C'entr., 1887, 699).-In order to determine the propor-tion of sodium and potassium chlorides in potashes, the dissolvedsample is neutralised with dilute sulphuric acid, a few drops of normalsoda added, and the whole evaporated. The residue is taken up with85 per cent.alcohol, the water required for the dilution of the alcoholbeing poured on the mass, and then the absolute alcohol added gi-adu-ally. After a time, the liquid is filtered, and the insoluble portionwashed with alcohol; the mixed solutions are then evaporated, theresidue dissolved in water, and the proportion of alkali-metal, andchlorine determined in aliquot proportions respectively. V. H. VANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. 11 39Testing Copper Sulphate. By BAUDOIN (Ann. Agronom., 13,31%3'Ll) .-Copper sulphate being now largely employed for appli-cation to vines, it becomes of importance to test commercial samples,especially €or the sulphates of iron, zinc, and magnesium. Iron is ofcourse easily detected by boiling the solution Kith nitric acid andadding excess of ammonia.Zinc is best detected by Chancel's pro-cess; sodium hyposulphite is added to the solution of the coppersulphate until the latter is decolorised, sodium carbonate is then added,which precipitates both zinc and magnesium if present. They can beseparated in the uscal way. The author is engaged in ascertainingwhether the density of commercial samples of copper sulphate maybe utilised as indications of purity.By C . MEINEKE (Chern. Centr., 1887, 553).-The clay is fused with hydrogen sodium carbonate, the producttreated with hydrochloric acid, evaporated to dryness, and heated forsome time a t 150-300". It is then dissolved in cold water, decantedfive times, and the silica washed on a filter. After ignition, the silicais again evaporated with hydrochloric acid and washed.The weighedsilica is treated with hydrofluoric acid, the alumina and ferric oxidedetermined, and the weight deducted.The filtrate is evaporated in a platinum dish, when a residue is ob-tained insoluble in hydrochloric acid, and consisting of silica anda1 umina.Sand is determined in the residue obtained by decomposing theclay with sulphuric acid. The residue is dried at not too high a tem-perature, and exposed to air until no further increase in weight takesplace during weighing. The greater part of the residue is weighed,and divided into two nearly equal portions, the one (a) is ignited, theother ( h ) is extracted with boiling alkali. From the weight of (a) theweight of ( b ) when anhydrous is calculated.The filtrate (c) with therest of the residue is now ignited, and thus the whole weight of anhy-drous residue and the proportion a : b : c (a + b + c ) in the dry andanhydrous state is obtained.Determination of Manganese by means of Mercuric Oxideand Bromine. By C. MEINEKE (Chenz. Centr., 1887, 554) .-Volhard'smethod is modified as follows :-The solution in nitric or sulphuricacid containing iron as wall as manganese to be determined, is pre-cipitated with zinc oxide and made up t o a definite bulk. An aliquotpart of the solution it3 treated in the following manner:-Mercuricoxide rubbed with water and bromine-water are alternately addeduntil the former is in considerable excess, when a sudden separationof manganese occurs.The manganese peroxide adhering to the sidesof the vessel is dissolved in hydrochloric acid and treated separately,The precipitate is mixed with tlie oxides of iron and zinc, but is freefrom manganous oxide. The pure manganic oxide is determinedvolumetrically by reducing with oxalic acid mixed with hydrochloricacid (eq. mols.), and determining the excess of oxalic acid with per-manganate. N. H. M.J. M. H. M.Analysis of Clay.N. H. M1140 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.Estimation of Metallic Iron in Slags. By G. NEUMANN (Zeit.and. Chern., 26, 530---534).-The usual process, which consists indigesting the slag with copper sulphate and ascertaining the quantityof copper deposited, is accurate in the absence of other reducingagents but is tedious.The measurement of the hydrogen evolved bythe substance when treated with a dilute acid gives equally accurateresults, and is much more rapid. The ferric oxide present seems toremain inert. A special apparatus for the purpose (for which theunfortunate name " hydrometer " is proposed) consists of a graduatedtube with a stopcock-funnel at the top, and a wide-bore ( 5 mm.) stop-cock at the bottom. A narrow tube inserted at the side in an upwarddirection just above the lower stopcock communicates with a pressuretube like that of the nitrometer. The flask containing the substancei s connected directly with the lower end of the graduated tube whichis widened to the size of the neck, and is filled to the lower stopcockwith water. The graduated tube is t'hen filled through the pressuretube with acid which, on opening the stopcock, finds its way down tothe slag.Anycarbonic anhjdride or hydrogen sulphide can be absorbed by runningin potash through the stopcock-funnel until the contents of the buretteare alkaline. M. J. S.The gas rises throagh the stopcock into the burette.Rapid Methods for the Estimation of Silicon, Sulphur, andManganese in Iron and Steel. By J. J. MORGAN (Chenz. News, 56,82--83).-Sili(*on is estimated by the so-called '' roasting " method,heating in a muffle a t a bright-red heat for 20 niiriutes, treating withhydrochloric acid, and igniting the iiisoluble silica, &c.For the estimation of sulptinr, the sample is treated with sulphuricacid, and the gases evolved are passed into a measured quantity ofa dilute solution of lead acetate.The colour of this solution is thencoiiipared with that obkained by treating a steel having a knownamotint of sulphur in a similar manner, and so on.To estimate the maiiganese, the sample is dissolved in nitric acid,cooled, treated first with a small quantity of water, then with leadperoxide and a few drops of strong nitric acid, boiled for four minutes,and finally cooled. The manganese is calculated from the permanganatsformed, which is estimated by comparing the colour with a standardas in the case of the sulphur. For phosphoric acid, the author prefersthe molybdate method. D. A. L.Estimation of Silicon in Iron and Steel. By T. TURNER (Chem.News, 56, 49-50).-1t is shown by experiments that silicon can becorrectly estimated in cast irons of very good quality by evaporationwiqh dilute sulphuric acid ; but with phosphoric irons the residuesobtained are white butl impure, and when in addition an iron contailistitanium, the residue, although very nearly white, may have 20 percent.of impurity, and contains iron, phosphoric acid, and titanium.Evaporation with sulphuric acid gives fairly good results with steelscontaining only a small quantity of silicon. In tho aqua-regia method,the colour of the residue is usually an indication of its purity.D. A. LANALYTICAL CllEXISTRY. 1141Determination of Sulphur in Iron. By P. PLATZ ( Q l ~ m . Centr.,1887, 57Y).-The barium chloride method for the determination ofsulphur in iron is modified as follows :--The iron and sulphur areoxidised by nitric acid; on prolonged boiling, the nitric acid isdisplaced by hydrochloric acid by gradually adding the latter.Thewhole is then evaporated until vapours of hydrogen chloride are nolonger evolved, the residue diluted with water, and the insolublesilica filtered off. To the filtrate, barium chloride is added, and theprecipitate collected and heated to oxidise any barium sulphide whichmay have been formed.The precipitate is finally digested with hydrochloric acid to dissolveout the iron oxide, and weighed. Control experiments gave satis-factory results. V. H. V.Volumetric Estimation of Cobalt in Presence of Nickel, ByN. MCCULLOCH (Chem. News, 56, 27--29).-The author finds thatcobalt '' peroxide '' is reduced by free iodine, iodides, hypochlorites,hjpobromites, and hydrogen peroxide and ammonia to a lower oxideor oxides, possibly C O ~ ~ O ~ ~ , hence the author confirms Bayleg'sresults (Abstr., 1879, 507), but he gives no hope of founding amethod of estimating cobalt iu presence of nickel, depending on thehigher oxides of cobalt.Separation of Nickel and Cobalt from Iron. By J.B.MACLNTOSH (Chem. News, 56, 64--65).-Proceeding at first by theold method of precipitating all three metals by ammonium sulphide,and treating with dilute hydrochloric acid; a solution with muchiron and little nickel and cobalt, and R precipitate rich in nickel andcobalt but poor in iron are obtained. These are then treated separatelyin the ordinary way, by precipitating the iron as basic acetate, andperfect sepa,ration of the nickel and cobalt from iron is effectedmuch more readily than by the " basic acetate " treatment alone.D.A. L.D. A. L.Direct Precipitation of Nickel Oxide in the Presence ofIron. By T. MOORE (Chem. News, 56, 3).-The solution containingthe two metals, freed from acids, is treated first with glacial phos-phoric acid or sodium pyrophosphate until the precipitate begins todissolve, then with potassium cjanide wbich dissolves the remainderof the precipitate. This solution is now boiled for a couple of minutes,and the addition of potassium cyanide continued until potassiumhydroxide does not give a precipitate. When cool, the solution ismade alkaline with potassium hydroxide, excess of bromine solutionin potassium hydroxide added, and the whole warmed ; nickel andmanganese (if present) are precipitated, iron and cobalt remain dis-solved. The precipitate is dissolved in sulphuric acid and the nickeldeposited electrolytically. Good results have been obtained with thismet hod.D. A. L.Water Analysis. (Chem. News, 56, 113.)-The Chemical Sectionof the American Association for the Advancement of Science recom-mends the following plan for a uniform method of stating results o1142 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.water analysis. They aye of opinion that two distinct schemesshould be in use, one for mineral and one for potable waters. Mineralwater results should state in parts per 1000, by weight, each basicelement, each acid element in combination or supposed combinationwith the bases, the remaining acid elements being given in connectionwith all the oxygen of their salts (COs, SO4, &c.). Volumes of gascsexpelled on boiling to be in cubic centimetres per litre. Constituentsshould be amanged in electropositive order, positive ones first.Potable water results to be stated in parts per million, to include-Total solids, chlorine, nitrogen expelled on boiling with sodium car-bonate, and nitrogen as free ammonia, nitrogen expelled by boilingwith alkaline permanganate and alburuinoid nitrogen, nitrogen asnitrife and as nitrate ; organic matter ; hardness.Estimation of Methyl Alcohol in Presence of Ethyl Alcohol.By 0.HEHNER (Analyst, 12, 25--29).-Since 1 part of ethyl alcohol(oxidised to acetic acid) reduces 4.278 parts of potassium dichromate,whilst 1 part of methyl alcohol requires 9.224 parts (oxidising tocarbonic anhydride and water), the proportions of the two in amixture can be calculated from a determination of the amount ofdichromate reduced by 1 part of the mixture. This was confirmedby several experiments on mixtures of known composition. Theoxidising solution contained 80 grams of dichromate, and 150 C.C. ofconcentrated sulphuric acid in the litre. Of the diluted alcohol, aquantity containing about 0.2 gpani is mixed with 25 or 30 C.C. of thechromate solution in a bottle, which is corked and heated in boilingwater for at least two hours.The unreduced chromate is thenestimated by iron solution and standard dichromate.Dimethyl Ethyl Carbinol. By B. PISCHER (Arch. Pharm. [3],25, 777-i79).-This compound (amylene hydrate) has recently beenstrongly recommended as an opiate. As it may be contaminatedwith fermentation amyl alcohol, which is poisonous, it should be sub-jected to the following tests. 1 gram is dissolved in 15 C.C. of waterand tinted a faint red with permanganate solution ; the colour oughtnot to change within 15 minutes (ethyl and amyl alcohol). 1 gramis dissolved in 15 C.C. of water, and slightly warmed with potassiumdichromnte and dilute sulphuric aoid, no green colour should appearwithin half an hour (as above). 1 gram dissolved in 15 C.C. water iswarmed with some drops of silver nitrate amd a trace of ammonia.The silver should not be precipitated (aldehyde, with which most ofthe primary alcohols are contaminated).As an opiate this compound ismore powerful than paraldehyde, but less so than chloral hydrate.Its therapeutic value depends on the fact that it affects neither thebreathing nor the action of the heart.D. A. L.M. J. S.J. T.Estimation of Glycerol in Fermented Liquids. By L. LEGLER(Analyst, 12, 1&16).-The ordinary process, in which the crudeglycerol is purified by extraction with ether-alcohol, is unsatisfactory,owing to the retention of some of the glycerol by the impurities.The author dilutes the crude gljcerol with water, adds an excess oANALYTICAL CHENISTRY. 1143potassium dichromnte, and treats the mixture with sulphuric acid ina Will's carbonic acid apparatus in the ordinary way for a carbonicacid determination.Gentle boiling is required to complete the oxida-tion of the glycerol to carbonic anhydride and water. I n analysingsweet wines, the glucose they contain may be destroyed by evaporationto dryness with baryta-water before extracting the glycerol withalcohol. Cane-sugar must first be inverted by boiling with hydro-chloric acid. The crude qlvcerol contains impurities which yieldcarbonic anhydride on oxidation. The amount of these precipitatedby ammoniacal solution of lead acetate is paid to be constant and t obe equivalent to 0.035 gram of glycerol per 100 C.C. of wine. Furtherexperiments are promised.Estimation of Glycerol and its Non-volatility with AqueousVapour.By 0. HEHNER (AnaZyst, 12, 44-46, and 65-67).-Theglycerol is oxidived as in Legler's process (preceding Abstract) by anexcess of potassium dichromate and sulphuric acid, but the a-athormeasures the amount of dichromate reduced. One part of glycerolrequires 7.486 parts of dichromate. The oxidising solution contains80 grams of potassiam dichyomate, and 150 C.C. of strong sulphuricacid per litre. The unreduced excess is determined by titration withiron and standard dichromate. In moderately strong solutions (12grams per litre), two hours' heating is sufficient to ensure the completeoxidation of the glycerol, but in highly dilute solutions a furtheraddition of sulphiiric acid is requisite.Such dilute solutions can,however, be concentrated by vigorous boilinc without the loss of atrace of glycerol. Even a 50 per cent. solution boiled for two honwin a covered beaker, with continual replacement of the evaporatedwater (257 c.c.), did not suffer an appreciable loss of glycerol, whilstthe loss from a 7% per cent. solution was very insignificant.Determination of Moisture in Starch. By F. W. DAFERT(Chem. Cenfr., 1887, 567).-Experiments are described to ascertainthe temperature at which starch suffers the maximum loss in weightwithout appreciable decompoaition. At 120" the loss was 11-31 percent. ; at 105-107", 10.89 per cent. ; and a t 100" in a vacuum 11.9per cent. ; in the first case, tohe starch was slightly changed, but inthe last it was unaltered.It is recommended that determinntions ofM. J. S.M. J. S.moisture should be conducted by this method. v. h'. v.Logwood Test for Alum in Bread. By W. C. YOUNG (AnaZyst,12, 29-32, and 145--147).-Sour bread gives the same blue colora-tion with logwood as bread to which alum has been added. Specimensof bread which gave 110 indication with the logwood test, all showedthe blue colour intensely after being moistened with very diluteacetic acid. Since aluminium phosphate is perceptibly soluble in cold,though not in hot, acetic acid, i t is possible that this may account forthe reaction after acidifying.Estimation of Hydrocyanic Acid. By 0. LINDE ( A d . Pharm.[3], 25, 690).-In the determination of hydrocyanic acid in bitter31.J. S1144 ABSTRAG'L'S OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.almond water according to the Paris Pharmacopoeia, the author pro-ceeds as follows :-The bitter almond water is diluted with twovolumes of water as the reactions then proceed most rapidly ; basicmagnesium acetate is added at once in considerable excess of thepotassium chromate solution, not " some " drops, but only two dropsper 27 grams of water to be added; of the silver solution almostsufficient to precipitate the whole of the acid should be added at once;the titration is best made by daylight, as the persistent red colour isnot so well seen by gas- or lamp-light,Estimation of Thiocyanic Acid. By P. KLASON (J. pr. Chem.[2], 3 6 , 74--77).--If hydrochloric acid is not present, thiocyanic acidmay be accurately determined by titration with silver nitrate.Ifhydrochloric acid is present the determination must be made by oxida-tion with permanganate. Here, however, the degree of concentrationinfluences the result-which is always too low. If the concentrationis not less than decinormal, the result is 16 per cent. too low, and thisshould be added to the amount found. L. T. T.J. T.Estimation of Carbonic Acid in Beer. By C. A. CRAMPTONand T. C. TRESCOT (Anzer. Chem. J., 9, 290--293).-The cork of thebottle is pierced by a champagne tap and the gas passed through anErlenmeyer's flask (to retain any foam), then dried by sulphuric acidand calcium chloride, and absorbed by soda-lime ; the sample is after-wards heated to 80°, and the gas swept into the soda-lime tube bya current of pure air.The authors find an average of almost 0.4 percent., most authorities giving an average of 0.1 to 0.2 per cent,; a,liigber amouiit of carbonic acid indicates either the addition of sodiumbicarbonate or a state of after-fermentation. H. B.Estimation of the Free Acid in Tannin Liquor by Titra-tion. By R. ROCH (Dingl. pdyt. J., 265, 33--41).-1n a previouscommunication (this vol., p. 871), the author recommended the use ofali>umin for the separation of tannin and the decolorisation of tanninliquor. He now finds that a solution of gelatin is preferable, as theprecipitation of albumin by the aid of heat and the subsequent coolingis found to be inconvenient. It is necessary, however, to adjust theconcentration of the gelatin solution to the amount of tannin in theliquor, otherwise difficulties in connection with the filtration andmashing of the precipitate will arise.A solution containing 2 gramsof gelatin in tt litre of water is applicable to most liquors. The pro-cess is described in detail in the paper, and several test analyses aregiven. The author also states that powdered skin cannot be used forclecolorisinp tmnin liquor for the purpose of determining the free acidcontained thereiu, owing to the fact that it absorbs acid from suchliquors. D. B.The Lnctocrite; a New Apparatus for Determining Fat inMilk. By H. FABER (Analyst, 12, 6-ll).-The principle of thisapparatus and method introduced by I)e Laval, consists in the sepa-rdtion of the €at by centrifugal force, after the casein has beeANALT TICAL CHEMISTRY.11.45lrouglit into such a condition that it does not prerent the union ofthe fat globules, This is effected by heating the milk with an equalvolume of glacial acetic acid containing 5 per cent. by volume ofconcentrated sulphuric acid. The mixture is then introduced into agraduated tube, and several of these tubes at once are rotated for afew minutes in a specially constructed disc. The column of butter-fat obtained gives the percentage by a simple reading on the graduatedtnbe. The results can be trusted to within 0.1 per cent. in wholemilk, b u t in skimmed milk are about 0.2 per cent. too low. .M. J. S.Reichert's Distillation Process. By A. H. ALLEN (Analyst, 12,Il-l3).-Porpoise oil and some samples of wha,le oil give nearly aslarge a percentage of volatile fattyacids as butter does.The appear-ance of solid fatty acids in the distillate is an indication of the presenceof cocoanut oil. It isdesirable to saponify the fat in a flask or closed bottle, since snponi-fication in an open basin is found to give low results. The form ofthe distillation apparatus is of little importance.They should be filtered off before titrating.M. J. 8.Volumetric Estimation of Urea. By G. CAMPANI (Gazzetftr;, 17,137--141).-The method described is based on the reaction of nitrousacid on urea, and estimation by alkalimetry of the carbonic anhydrideevolved. In a tube of 150 to 200 C.C. capacity 20 C.C.of a 10 percent. solution of potassium nitrite is introduced, then 2 C.C. of urine,and lastly 2 C.C. of 5 per cent. sulphuric acid. The tnbe is then fittedwith tc delivery tube, the contents gently warmed and the carbonicacid evolved is collected in lime-water of known strength. When thcreaction is complete, the amount Gf lime nentralised by the carbonicanhydride is determined in the usual manner by a standard solutionof oxalic acid ; 1 mol. of carbonic anhydride corresponds with 1 mol.of urea, thus: CO(NH,), + 2HN02 = 3H,O + 2N, + CO,. Theresults obtained in test analyses are fairly concordant with oneanother and with those obtained by Liebig's method. It is necessarythat the reaction should be allowed to proceed slowly; otherwisenitrous acid is evolved. V.H. V.Estimation of Quinine Sulphate. By 0. HESSE (J. Pharnz.[ S ] , 16, 213-215).-1 gram of the sulphate dried at 100" is agitatedwith 20 C.C. of water at 60" and filtered after cooling ; 5 grams of thefiltrate is placed in a somewhat narrow test-tube ; 2 C.C. of ether andfive drops of ammonia are added; the tube is now stoppered andcarefully agitated. The ethereal solution ought to be limpid, andshould not deposit crystals. The author thinks that Paul's methodgives good results when modified as follows: 5 grams of sulphate isdissolved in boiling water and allowed to crystallise; the mother-liquor is set aside and the crystals are dissolved in 120 C.C. of boilingwater, recrjstallised, and the process is repeated a third time, &c., themother-liquor always being set apart.Three crysbctllisations sufficeVOL. LII. 4 1146 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICATJ PAPERS.with a salt containing 5 per cent. of cinchonidine sulphate; firecrystallisations are indispensable when 9 per cent. is present. Themother-liquors of the three first crystnilisations are evaporated todryness, the residue is dissolved in dilute siilphiiric acid, water isadded to 20 c.c., and this is agitated with 16 C.C. ether and excess ofammonia. After 24 hours, the crystals of cinchonidine are collected.Similarly the remaining mother-liquors are made into a volume of8 c.c., and treated with ammonia and 2 or 3 C.C. of ether; the crystalsobtained' are weighed with the preceding crop. The results thusobtained agree sensibly with those afforded by de Vrij's bisulphatemethod.J. T.Testing Quinine Sulphate. Ry G. RERNER and A. WELLER(Arch. Pharm. [3], 25, 712-7118, and 749-765).-The ammoniatest for commercial quinine sulphate was proposed by one of theauthors a t a time when South America was the chief source of the salt,and the compound was almost free from cinchonidine ; more recentlyAsiatic products have appeared in the market, in which cinchonidincoften occurs in very considerable proportions. '1'0 meet the newconditions, the following method is proposed :-The sample of quininesulphate is maintained at 40--50" until completely aisintegrated,2 grams in 20 grams of water is kept a t 60-65' forhalf an hour withfrequent stirring. The temperature is now brought to 15" antimaintained at that for two hours with stirring, care being taken tohave the temperature 15" exactly before the subsequent filtering.5 C.C.of the filtrate is treated with ammonia of 0.96 sp. gr. until theprecipitated quinine is again exactly dissolved. The amount ofammonia required should not exceed 10 C.C. The authors concludethat none of the methods hitherto proposed for the exact separation ofcinchonidine and quinine are really exact. The same remark holds forthe estimation of hydroquinine. J. T.Detection of Hop-substitutes in Beer. By A. H. ALLEN(Analyst, 12, 107--114).-A litre of the beer is evaporated to about300 C.C. and precipitated hot with normal lead acetate, which ispreferable to the basic or ammoniacal acetate of older processes.Thisthrows down lupulin and hop-resin completely, leaving all or nearlyall hop-substitutes in solution. After filtration, first hot and thencold, the lead is removed by hydrogen sulphide and the filtratefurther concentrated. It is then acidified with sulphuric acid andshaken repeatedly with chloroform, which extracts absinthin, anthe-min (chamomiles), quassiin, calnmbin (colchicine, colocynthine,berberine, gentipicrin, picric acid, and picrotoxin imperfectly) ; etheris next employed t o extract chiratin (chiretta), colocynthin, genti-picrin , picric acid, and picrotoxin. A further treatment with ether-ohlorof o m after addition of ammonia completes the extraction ofberberine and colchicine. If the residue from one of these solventshas a bitter taste, the piesence of some hop-substitute is certain.Quassiin, prepared by the above process, does nQt reduce Fehling'ANALYTIC hL CHEMISTRY.1147solution or ammoniacal silver nitrate, and gives no coloration withstrong sulphuric acid, or with nitric acid of 1-25 sp. gr., even onwarming. It gives a mahogany-brow11 colour with ferric chloride.Its chloroform solution treated with an excess of bromine and thenwith ammonia gives a bright yellow colour (Christensen). A solutionof 1 part of quassiin in 500,000 of water has a strong and persistent,bitter taste. Gentipicrin and menyanthin reduce ammoniacal silvernitrate. With sulphuric acid, the former gives a red colour, the lattera yellowish-brown becoming T-iolet-red on warming.The chloroform extracts from chamomiles, calumba, colocynth,cocculus, and chirettn give no reaction with bromine and ammonia.The ether residue from chiretta, gives a straw-yellow colour changingto dull purplish-bro wn.C hira tin does not reduce Fehling’s solution ;it gives a copious precipitate with tannin. M. J. S .Estimation of Ipecacuanha. By F. RANSOM (Pharm. J. Trans.[ 31, 18, 241-242) .-The powdered ipecacuanha is thoroughlyexhausted with chloroform that has been rendered alkaline by previousagitation with a strong solution of ammonia. An extraction apparatusis employed by means of which the exhaustion can be completedwith hot chloroform. The solution is then agitated with dilutesulphuric acid, and the emetine in the acid solution estimated volu-metrically by Mayer’s reagent. It.R.Detection of Aniline Colours in Wine, &c. By C. 0. CURT-MAN (Zed. a n d Chem., 26, 555-556) .-The formation of isonitrileswhen aniline-derivatives are warmed with potash and chloroformserves for the direct detection in wine of even minute traces of manyof the aniline colours. The evolution of the isonitrile is acceleratedby adding excess of strong sulphuric acid. M. J. S.Estimation of Indigo. By G. MANNLEY (Chem. Centr., 1887,605).-In order to determine the proportion of indigo in a sample, themoisture is first estimated, and the dried mass introduced into a te&tube moistened with alcohol and a fine emulsion of grape-sugar inalcohol, and a few C.C. of soda solution added to it.The tube is thenfilled with alcohol, agitated for some time, left for 24 hours, andthen poured into dilute sulphuric acid and oxidised by agitation.Hydrogen peroxide can also be used, and is t o be preferred, becausethe precipitate in this case does not adhere so much to the walls ofthe vessel. The whole is allowed to remain for two days, filteredthrough a tared filter, dried and weighed. A gram of substance is aconvenient quantity for the determination. V. H. V.Testing Indigo Dyes on Fabrics. By W. LENZ (Zeit. anaZ.Cham., 26, 535-555).-1n the course of an enquiry into the genuine-ness of the indigo dye on a certain fabric, an extensive examinationof the methods of testing blue dyes was made, and those at presentin use were found not to be altogether trustworthy.Stuffs were4 h 1148 ABSTRACTS OF CEEMICAL PAPERS.dyed with 12 varieties of indigo, using dilute soda and zincpowder for the reduction in order to avoid the removal of impuritieswhich takes place in the lime-copperas vat. In the case of one ofthe samples (fine Java indigo), the dyed fabric behaved with acidifiedalcohol a8 though it had received a second dyeing with logwood.This anomalous result appears to have been due to the formation ofan unstable yellow product of the reduction of indigo. It could notbc obtained again with the same sample.For the detection of the more usual blue dyes the followingmethods may be trusted :-The stuff is warmed with an acidified10 per cent. solution of stannous chloride. Prussian-blue remains un-changed.Indigo (vat-blue), indigo-carmine, cotton-blue (triphenyl-rosaniline trisulphonate) are completely removed from the fibresand yield pale-yellow solutions. Logmood is also removed but givesa, rose-red solution. On adding a large excess of hydrogen peroxideto these solutions, the rose-red of logwood is destroyed, cotton-bluegives a blue solution, whilst indigo is not regenerated.Glacial acetic acid, or concentrated formic acid, dissolves indigofrom a fabric. In presence of logwood, either acid in the coldacquires a rose-red colour, which on heating passes into yellowish-red, and is soon obscured by the dissolving indigo. Prussian-blue isunaffected, and indigo-carmine is not dissolved if more than 48 hourshave elapsed since the dyeing.On mixing the acetic acid solutionwith ether and then adding water until the ether separates, the indigois removed from the aqueous layer, which then in the presence oflogwood shows a feeble reddish-yellow tint. If now a few drops ofconcentrated hydrochloric acid is added, the smallest trace of logwoodis revealed by the production of a rich red colonr iu the aqueouslayer. Cotton-blue obscures khis reaction. In this case, the aqueouslayer must be separated and shaken with chloroform, or better amylalcohol, which abstracts the aniline-blue. Another method ofexamining the acetic acid solution is to mix 1 C.C. of it with 5 C.C. ofchloroform, then add 2 C.C. of water and crystalliseil sodium carbonateuntil alkaline.The chloroform layer is then separated and shakenwith strong borax solution, which frees it from logwood. It is thenmixed with ether and dilute acetic acid, when the aniline blue passesinto the acid and the indigo remains in the mixture of ether andchloroform. The alkaline s o h tion contains the indigo-carmine andlogwood; this is acidified with acetic acid and shaken with amylalcohol, which removes the logwood with reddish colour, furtherintensified by hydrochloric acid.If a fabric dyed with the above colours is boiled with borax soh-tio n the logwood-blue and indigo-carmine are dissolved, whilstPrussian-blue is decomposed. Aniline-blue and vat-blue remain onthe fibre, and may be distinguished by warming with ferric chloride.The filtered borax Aolution, which in presence of indigo-carmine isblue, is tested for logwood by stannous chloride.As a special test for logwood, the stuff may be treated directly withhydrochloric acid, or boiled with a 10 per cent.solution of alum, orof glucinum chloride to which an excess of ammonium carbonate issubsequently added. Ammonium molybdate gives at once an intensANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. 1149blue-violet. The absorption spectra of many of these solutions arefigured.A fabric dyed with indigo alone skould stand the following tests :-Alcohol should dissolve no colour even on gentle warming ; coldsaturated oxalic acid and borax solutions, 10 per cent. alum solution,and 33 per ccnt. ammonium niolybdate must remove no colour evenon boiling. Stannous or ferric chloride destroys the colour on warm-ing.Glacial acetic acid dissolves all the colour on repeated boiling,and after mixing the solution with ether and water the aqueouslayer is colourless and is not coloured by strong hydrochloric acid.The fabric boiled with hydrochloric acid evolves no hydrogen sul-phide, and the acid extract warmed nith a large excess of alkali andsome chloroform evolves no odour of isonitriles. M. J. S.Detection of Artificial Colouring Matters in Butter, &c.By E. W. MARTIN (Analyst, 12, SO).--The followirig method servesfor the detection of annatto, turweyic, carotin, and the aniline- andnaphthol- yellows. Two parts of carbon bisulphide are graduallyadded to 15 parts of methyl alcohol, with gentle shaking ; to 25 C.C.of the mixture, in a convenieiit tube, 5 grams of the butter-fat or oilis added, and the tube is shaken. In a few minutes the bisulphidcfalls to the bottom, carrying with i t the fat, whilst the foreign colour-ing matter remains in the alcohol. The natural colcuring matters offats, &c., do not colour the methyl alcohol. M. J. S.Pettenkofer’s Reaction. By F. MTLIUS (Zed. phy.401. Clzem., 11,492--496).-The cause of the blood-red colour produced on addingcane-sugar and sulphuric acid to cholic acid (Pettenkofer’s reaction)is unknown. The same colour is produced by the bile acids, bycholeic acid, and by the distillation products of cholic acid. On theother hand, dehydrocholic acid and bilianic acid do not give it ; inthese latter acids hydroxyl is absent, and it is not improbable thatthe reaction depends on the presen’ce of the hydroxyl-group. Thereaction may he obtained by using furfuraldehyde instead of sugar.That it is not tEc sugar itself on which the reaction depends, but somevolatile substance, was considered probable, because the reactionwas obtained from the distillate of sugar with dilute sulphuricacid; acetone, mesitjl oxide, and phorone, which are formed in thisprocess, do not give the reaction, but furfuraldehgde, which is alsoformed, does. As a test for furfuraldehyde, it is exceedingly delicate,a drop of a mixture of water and furfuraldehyde in the proportion20,000 to 1 gives the colour on the addition of cholic acid and sul-phuric acid ; in other words, the fortieth part of a milligram can bethus detected. The colour can be extracted by ether, which iscoloured blue by it.Other substances, however, besides cholic acid give the same re-action with furfuraldehyde, namely, isopropyl alcohol (to a slightextent), isobutyl alcohol (very intensely), ally1 alcohol, trimethylcarbinol, dimethyl ethyl carbinol, amJl alcohd, olejic acid, and petro1150 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.leum. Among the substances which do not give the colour are thefollowing :-E thy1 alcohol, ptopyl alcohol, capryl alcohol, acetic acid,isobutyric acid, acraldehyde, and benzene. The substances which givethe test are seen in general t o be unsaturated compounds, or thosewhich by the loss of water become unsaturated ; it is considered notimprobable that the reaction depends on some hydrocarbon producedfrom the foregoing compounds when they lose water owing to theaction of sulphuric acid. W. D. H.Detection of Albumin in Urine. By A. LTEBERMANN (Chew.Centy., 1887, 600).-If albumin is extracted a few times with alcohol,and then washed with cold ether, it gives a deep violet coloration ifheated with concentrated hydrochloric acid (sp. gr. 1.196). Positiveresults were obtained with various pathological products, but experi-ments with hmmoglobnlin, chondrin, and keratin, were unsuccessful.In the case of urine, the liquid is at first boiled with a small quantityof acetic acid. and the precipitated albumin treated as above; thereaction succeeded with 5 C.C. of urine to which 0.1 per cent. of egg-albumin was added. V. H. V

ISSN:0368-1769    

DOI:10.1039/CA8875201137

出版商:RSC    

年代:1887

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

INDEX OF AUTHORS’ NAMES. A B S T R A C T S . 1087. And also to Transactions, 1887 (marked TRANS.) ; and t o such papers as appeared in Abstract of Proceedings but not in Transactions (marked PROC.). A. A dam, P., diphenyl-derivatives, 589. Adams, B. F. Adie, R. H. See Muir. A d r i a n iind E. Gallois, assay of Agostini, C., detection of dextrose, A hr e n s, F., octylbenzene, 133. - sparte’ine, 1056. Aitken, basic cinder and other finely - experiments on potatoes a t Hare- - ground felspar as a potash manure, 996. A l l a r y , E., regeneration of acid resi- dues in the manufacture of guncotton, 770. Allen, A. H., assay of carbolic aoaps, 185. 7 detection of hop substitutes in beer, 114.6. - examining fixed oils, 88. - Reichert’s distillation process, - saponification of fixed oils, 186.- specific gravity, &c., of waxes, &c., 186. Allen, A. H., and W. Chattaway, Adam’s method for milk analysis, 186. Alling, A. N., topaz from Thomas Range, Utah, 453. Alm6n, A., detection of mercury in orgauic liquids, 302. Alt, H. See Lellmann. A1 t a r , S., oxidation of symmetrical tiialkylpyridines, 378. Alvarez, E., microbe of the indigo fermentation, 1061. VOL. LII. See Van Nuys. opium, 622. 534. ground phosphatic manures, 995. law, 992. 1145. Aniagat, E. H., expansion and com- pressibility of water, 695. - solidification of liquids by preesure, 1013. Am t h o r, C., Danneborg’s hsemich crystals, 408. Andouard, A., incompatibility of nitrates and superphosphates, 617. - variations in the proportion of phosphoric acid in milk, 856.Andr6, Q-., action of lead oxide on soluble chlorides, 446. - actiori oE mercuric oxide on dis- solved chlorides, 447. - ammoniacal compounds of cad- miurn chloride, 637. - ammoniacal compounds of cad- mium sulphate and nitrate, 638. d n d r 6 . See B e r t h e l o t . Annabeim, J., substituted naph- thylenediamines, 839. Anraeff, 4. N., behaviour of quinol with urine and urea, 514. Anschutz, R., aluminium chloride reaction, 150. - isomerism of fumaric and male’ic acids, 916. Anschutz, R., and W. Berns, phenyl- acetic acid and deqoxybenzoins, 829. Anschutz, R., and W. 0. Emery, action of phoaphorous chloride on salicylic acid and phenol, 946. Anschutz, R,, and A. R. Haslam, action of phosphoric chloride on chloralide, 915. Anschhtz, R., and G. D. Moore, action of phosphoric chloride on meta- and para-hydroxybefizoic acids, 947.-- action of phosphoric chloride on aalicylic acid, 947. 4i1152 INDEX OF 4UTHORS. Anschiitz, R., and C. C. Selden, Glaser's monobromocinnamic acids, 829. Anschutz, R., and Q. W i r t z , ani- lides of fumaric and malei'c acids: phenylaspartic acid, 934. d n s d e l l , G., and J. Dewar, gaseous constituents of meteorites, 351. A n t r i c k , O., optical behaviour of cocai'ne, 506. A PC h b u t t, L.. analvsis of oils, 402. A r h e id t, R., *diph&ylenedihydruzine, 958. A r l o i n g , S., zymotic virus and ferma- tation, 292. Armsby, H. P., and F. G. S h o r t , apparatus for nitrogen determination, 298. Armstrong, H. E., determination of the constitution of carbon compounds from thermochemical data, 420. - explanation of the laws which govern substitution in the case of benzenoid compounds, TRANS., 258, 583.- influence of liquid water in pro- moting the interaction of hydrogen chloride and oxygen on exposure to light, TRANS., 806. Armstrong, H. E., and S. W i l l i a m - a on, or-cyanonaphthalenesulphonic acid, PROC., 43. A r m s t r o n g , H. E., and W. P. Wg n ne, formation of y-napht,halene- sulphonic acid : y-dihydroxynaph- thalene, PROC., 42. -- - sulphonic acids derived from the 8-monhaloPd derivatives of naph- thalene, PROC., 22. Arnaud, A., carrotene in leaves, 859. Arnhold, M., triethyl formate and various methylals, 911. Arnold, C., Kjeldahl's method of estimating nitrogen, 78. Arnschink, L., nutritive value of glycerol, 509. A r r h e n i u s , S., conductivity of mix- tures of aqueous solutions of acids, 415.A r t h , 8. SeeHaller. A r z r u n i, A., dipyr from Connecticut, 903. - paragonite schist from the Ural, 351. Asboth, A. v., estimation of starch, 868. Aschan, O., action of chloracetic chloride on orthamidophenol, 814. Atkinson, A. J., estimation of sulphur in coal and coke, 296. Atkinson, R. W., estimation of man- ganese, 399. A t wa t e r, W. O., acquisition of atmo- spheric nitrogen by plants, 515. - comparative absorption of fish and meat in the alimentary canal, 1130. A t w a t e r , W. O., and E. W. Rock- mood, loss of nitrogen during germin- ation and growth, 292. Aubin, C. See G r aebe. Auger, V., action of aenanthaldehyde and heptyl chloride on dimethyl- aniline, 814. A u t e n r i e t h , W., dimethylene di- sulphone-derivatives, 463.- substituted crotonic acids, 797. Axenfeld, pyrogallol as a test for hemialbumose, 1127. A y r t o n , W. E., and J. P e r r y , expan- sion of mercury between 0" and - 39") 317. -- expansion produced by amal- gamation, 327. B, B. (E.), tannin determination, 311. Baas, K., relation of tyrosine to hip- B a b b i t t , H. C., manganese in steel and Bach, E. See TJeuckart. B a e s s 1 e r, A., quinol and its derivatives, 364. Baeyer, A, constitution of benzene, 362. - reduction of the phthalic acids, 370. B a h 1 m a n n, P., amido-compounds in the animal system, 512. Bailey, G. H., determination of atomic weights by means of the normal sulphate, TRANS., 676. - silver suboxide, 771. Bailey, G. H., and G.J. Fowler, silver suboxide, TRANS., 416. B a i t he r, O., tetramethyldhmido- benzophenone, 816. B a k e r , C. J., absorption of gaRes by carbon, TRANS., 249. Baker, T. See Miller. Balbiano, L., derivatives of camphor, - derivatives of pyrazole, 1054. Bamberger, E., reaction of potassium cyanide with orthonitrobenzylic chloride, 131. - sparte'ine, 162. - synthesis of guanylcarbamide, 357. Bamberger, E., and 0. Boekmann, action of sodium on alcoholic p - naphthonitrile, 840. puric acid, 1133. iron, 619. 842, 1049, 1115.INDEX OF Bamberger, E., and 0. Boekmaun, ,!iI-naphthyl-derivatives, 675. Bamberger, E., and W. Lodter, aromatic nitriles, '719. Bam berger, E., and R. Mull er, so- mlled carbonylcarbazole (carbazole- blue), 959. Bamberger, E., and M. P h i l i p , acenaphthene and naphthalic acid, 495. -- pwene, 2'71, 496.Bandrowski, F. X., bases in Galician petroleum, 979. Bannow, A., pure butyric acid, 29. B a r a t a e f f , S., action of allyl and ethyl iodides on ethyl oxalate, 361. - methoxg diallylacetic acid, 359. B a r a t a e f f , S., and A. Saytzeff, tri- ethyl carbinol, 353. B a r b a g l i a , G. A., action of sulphur on aldehydes, 462. - isobutaldehyde and its polymer- ides, 46 1. Barnes, J., valuation of zinc powder and testing of carbonates, 80. B a r r , A., nitrophenols and phenyl- hydmzine, 722. B a r t h , M., estimation of glycerol in wines, 184. B a r t o l i , A., and E. S t r a c c i a t i , relation between the critical tempera- tutses of substances and their thermal expansion as liquids, 429.B a s s e t t , H., and E. F i e l d i n g , action of hypochlorous anhydride on iodine trichloride, 106. B a t t u t , L., ammonia in beetroots, '71. Baubigny, H., artificial formation of - Schweizer's reagent and " eau I3 a u do i n, testing copper sulphate, 1139. Bauer, F. See Elbs. Bauer, R., apparatus for estimating carbonic anhydride and all similiar gases, 398. - estimation of fatty acids as fats, 401. Bauer, R. W. See Haedicke. Baumann, A., estimation of ammonia- cal nitrogen in soils, 82. Baumann, E., compounds of aldehydes and ketones with mercaptan, 126. - disulphones, 123. - preparation of ethereal benzoates, 228 Baumann, E. See abo Escales. Baumann, J., action of amines on ethylenedibenzoylorthocarboxglic acid, 735. thylsminesulphonic acid, 732.alabaudine, 781. cQleste," 773. Bayer, F., and C. Duisberg, B-naph- L UTHORS. 1153 Bayer, E. J., basic aliiminium S U ~ - phate, M8. - detection of free sulphuric acid, and of aluminium hydroxide in alum- inium sulphate, 530. Bayley, W. 8. See Remsen. B Q champ, A., causes of the alteration of blood in contact with air, oxygen, and carbonic anhydride, 609. Be c k e r, A., chemical constitution of barytocalcite and alstonite, 18. Becker, GI. F., natural solutions of cinnabar, gold, and associated sul- phides, 555. B e c k e r, P., chlorination by means of acetic chloride, 932. Beckmann, E., cracking glass with certainty, 105. - isonitroso-compounds, 826. - titration with Fehling's solution, Beckurts, H., ptoma'ines, 385. Beckurts. See Holst. Becquerel, E., effect of manganese on the phosphorescence of calcium cnr- bonate, 190. - phosphorescence of calcium sul- phide, 540.-- phosphorescence of alumina, 191, 409. Becquerel, H., variations in the ab- sorption spectra of didjmium salts, 873. - variations in the absorption spectrum of didjmium, 537. B Q h al, A., capraldoxime and methyl- hexylacetoxime, 795. - caprylidene : constitution of capral- dehgde, 788. - preparation of allyl iodide and allyl alcohol, 905. B e h 1 a, G., substituted anthracenecar- boxylic acids: action of carbanpl chloride on anthrltcene dihydride, 593. Behrend, R., formation of dibromo- and dichloro-barbituric acids, 129. - synthesis of compounds of the uric acid series, 919. Beketoff, N. N., change in volume during the formation of metallic oxides, 1073.B e 1 k y, J., action of gaseous poisons, 392. Belloni, C. See Menozzi. Belluci, A., formation of starch in chlorophyll granules, 1136. Bender, F., and (3. Schultz, diamido- stilbene, 268. Bender, G., bismuth thiocyanate, 566. - ethereal carbonates, 37, 245. - non-existence of chromium hepta- 185. sulphide, 553. 4 i 21154 INDEX OF AUTHORS. Bender, G., substituted nitrogen chlo- rides, 44, Benedikt, R., and F. Ulzer, investi- gation of acetyl compounds : new method for the analysis of fats, 620. -- Turkey-red oil, 914. B e n t e, F., deteymination of phosphoric Berg, A., chromiodates, 776. Berg, P. v., separation of zinc from iron, cobalt, and nickel, 182. - titration of zinc and cadmium sulphides with iodine, 301. B e r g am i, O., examination of Caucasian madder root, 1061.Bergami, 0. Seealso Liebermann. Bergreen, H., carbon thiodichloride, 937. - isonitroso-compounds, 466. B e r l i n e r b l a u , J., indole from di- chlorether and aniline, 836. B e r l i n e r b l a u , J., and H. Polikiev, intermediate products in the forma- tion of indoles from dichlorether and aromatic amines, 813. acid, 397. B e r n a r d , A., calcimetry, 865. B e r n s , W. See Anschutz. B e r n t h s e n , A., action of cinnamic acid - constitution of the safranines, 139, - new synthesis of thiodiphenyl- - phenazoxine, 665. - pyrogenic formation of phenazine, 249. B e r n t h s e n , A., and A. Goske, me- thyl-orange and ethyl-orange, 666. Bernthsen, A, and H. Mettegang, reautions of quinolinic acid, 737. B e r n t h s e n, A., and F.Mu h l e r t,acrid- aldehyde and acridinecarboxylic acid, 849. B e r n t h s e n , A., and H. Schweitzer, phenazine-derivat ives, 139. B e r n t h s e n , A., and A. Semper, syn- thesis of juglone, 674. B e r r y , N. A., copper slag, 44’7. B e r t 11 e 1 o t, ammonium magnesium phosphate, 202. - direct a1,sorption of nitrogen from the atmosphere by vegetable soils, 395, 617. - metals and minerals of ancient Chaldea, 443. - phosphates of the alkaline earths, 877. - sugars, 24. - thermochemistryof phosphates, 94. - thermochemistry of reactions between magiiedia salts and ammonia, 96. on diphenylamine, 814. 480. amine, 245. B e r t h e l o t and Andrk, decomposition of amides by water and dilute acids, 235. -- decomposition of ammonium hj-drogen carbonate by water, &c., 11.-- evolution of ammonia from vegetable soils, 860. -- nitrogen compounds in vege- table soils, 293. -- tension of dissociation of dry ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 10. B e r t h e l o t , and C. Fabre, heat of formation of hydrogen telluride, 1010. -- tellurium, 761. B e r t h e l o t and Louguinine, heats B e r t h e l o t and Recoura, heats of -- passage from the benzene to -- the calorimetric bomb, 627. B e r t oni, GI., ethereal salts of nitrous B e t e l l i . See Pesci. B e t t e l , W., separation of gold from B e u t ell, A., prehnite from Silesia, 223. B eyer, C., quinoline-derivatives from 8- dike tones, 849. Beyer, C., and L. Claisen, introduc- tion of acid radicles into ketones, 943. Biederm ann, J., parahydroxybenzyl alcohol, 38.B i e d e r t, albuminoYds of human milk and of cow’s milk, 388. B i g i n e l l i , P. See G u a r e s c h i . B i kf alvi, K., haemin crystals, 165. B i l l e t e r , O., action of thiocerbonyl chloride on secondary amines, 822. B i l l e t e r , O., and A. S t e i n r r , thiocar- bimides of bibasic aromatic radicles, 366. B i r d , F. C. J., a filter tube for use iIL the estimation of alkalo‘ids by Mayer’a reagent, 1002. Bird, G. B., mercurous hydroxide, 447. - pnrification of zinc, 446. B i r u k o f f , W., dimethylanthragallol, 592. - erythrohydroxpan thraquinone- carboxylic acid, 1049. - metliyierythrohydroxyanthraqui- none, 964. B i s c h of, sodium felspar from Krage- roe, Norway, 453. Bisclioff, C. A., and A. H a u s d o r f e r , action of iodine on derivatives of ethjl sodomalonate, 916.Bischoff, C. A . , and H. S i e b e r t , benzyl and benzoyl compounds, 951. B l a d i n , J. A., dicyanphenylliydrtlzine conipounds, 138. of combustion, 762. combustion, 761. the acetic series, 1011. acid, 458. the platinum metals, 1084.INDEX OF AUTEORS. 1155 Blarez, C., Saturation of arsenic acid with calcium and strontium oxides, 8. - saturation of arsenic acid with mag- nesia : formation of ammonium mag- nesium arsenate, 204. - saturation of normal arsenic acid with barium hydroxide, 7. I__ saturation of seleiiious acid by bases, 106. Blarez, C., and G. DenigBs, estima- tion of uric acid by potassium per- manganate, 621. -- solubility of uric acid, 919. B lau, F., action of sodium methoxide on bromobenzenes, 242.Blochmann, R., action of aniline hydrochloride on ethyl cyanide, 931. - carbonic anhydride in the atmo- sphere, 214. Block, J., and B. Tollens, salts of levulinic acid, 800. Blomstrand, C. W., oxy-acids of iodine, 32'7. B l o u n t , B., calcium borate, 108. Bloxam, C. L., calcium ammonium arsenate and calcium arsenate, 108. - colour tests for strychnine and other alkaloyds, '752. Blumcke, A., specific gravities of mix- tures of ethyl alcohol and carbonic anhydride, 435. B l u m, L., detection of albumin in urine, 1003. - separation of manganese from iron, 183. Blumenbach, E. See Dragen- dorff. B l u n t , T. P., a simple nitrometer, 998. B l y t h , A. W., distribution of lead in the brains of two factory operatives dying suddenly, PROC., 71. Bock, O., conductivity of compounds of potassium and sulphur in solution, of sodium sulphide, and of boric acid, '758.Bockal, A., physiological action of paraldehyde, 391. Bocklisch, O., ptoma'ines from pure cultivations of 7Gbrio proteus, 742. Boehm, Ed. See Engler. Boehm, R., curare, 1125. Boekmann, 0. See Bamberger. B o t t c h e r , W. See Krsemer. B 6 t t i n g e r, C., oak tannin, 584. Bohland, R. See Pf luger. Bohn, R., and C. Graebe, galloflavin, Boisbaudran, L. de, atomic weight of - fluorescence of bismuth com- 1107. germanium, 15. pounds, 4. B o i s b au bran, L. de, fluorescence of - fluorescence of manganese and - fluorescence of spinel, 1005. - gallium, 1081. - new fluorescences with well-defined spectra, 1008. - puriccation of yt tria, 13. -red fluorescence of alumina, 191, - red fluorescence of chromiferous Boissieu. See De Boisieu.Bokorny, T., reduction of silver salts by living protoplasm, 987. B o 1 t z m a n n, L., thermochemical law conjectured by Pebal respecting non- reversible electrolytic actions, 1072. Bondzynski, S., derivatives of hydro- thiocinnamic acid, 1108. Bonhof fer, 0. See Lellmann. Bonna, A., phenglparatoluidine, 927. Borchers, W., galvanic element, 541. Bordas, grain of Holczc.~ sorgho, 519. B o r n e m a n n, E., metame thylcinnamic acid, 829. Bosscha, J., meteorite of Earang, Modjo, or Magetan, in Java, 710. Bothamley, C. H., orthochromatic photography, 874. Bott, W., and D. 5. Macnair, appa- ratus for determining vapour-densi- ties, 632. Bouchardat, G., and J. L a f o n t , active camphene and ethylborneol, 596.Bouchardat, G., and R. Voiry, ter- pinol, 677. Bouilhon, E., estimation of solid matter in wines, 87. Bourgeois, L., artificial production of crocoisite, '781. - calcium silicostannate, 333. - crystallised insoluble carbonates, Bourquelot, E., action of saliva on - deterioration of diastase by the - starch granules, 355. B o u t r o u x, L., gluconx acid, 468. Bouty, E., application of the electro- meter to the study of chemical re- actions, 882. - conductiTity of acids and salts in dilute solutions, 758. - conductivity of mixtures, 8'77. Bow man, W., acetylhydrocotarnine- - action of potassium cyanide on manganese compounds, 3. bismuth, 189, 8'73, 1006. 409, 538, 625. gallium, 755. 221. starch, 354. action of heat, 608. acetic acid, 1056. meconine, 586.1156 INDEX OF AUTHORS.Boys, C. V., Bunsen’s ice calorimeter, 1073. Bragard, M., estimation of zinc as pyrophosphate, 398. - zinc determination, 689. Brand, A., artificial breithauptite from the Mechernich lead furnaces, 17. - use of “ solid bromine ” in analysis, 688. Brand, C., determination of combined carbon in iron, 866. Braun, F., decrease of compressibility of ammonium chloride solutions with increase of temperature, 768. - solubility of solid substances, and the changes in volume and energy accompanying solution, 436. BrBal, E., new mode of testing for nitrates, 1138. Bred t, J., acetyllevulinic acid ; consti- tution of y-ketonic acids, 126. Brenstein, and T . Salzer, detection of thiosulphate in sodium hydrogen carbonate, 79. Brieger, L., a new ptomayne producing tetanus, 284.- source of trimethylamine in ergot of rye, 394. Brinckmann. See Fleischer. Brodsky, L., action of aldehydes on ammonium thiocjanate, 580. Bromme, W., behaviour of cyano- benzoic acids on dry distillation, 484. - metacyanobenzoic acid, 484. Brown, A. J., chemical action of Bac- Brown, J., theory of voltaic action, Brown, W. Gt., crystallographical notes, Brown, W. L., analysis of chrome Browne, G. M. See Michael. Brucke, E. v., colour reaction of guanine, 280. - does human urine contain free acid ? 986. Bruckner, E., Russian black earth, 687. Bruhl, J. W., criticism of Thornsen’s theory of the heat of formation of organic compounds, 423. - experimental examination of the older and more recent dispersion for- mulae, 195. - influence of single and double union on the refractive power of com- pounds : constitution of benzene and naphthalene, 1005.- molecular refraction of liquid organic compounds of high dispersive power, 191. terium aceti, TRANS., 638. 417. 342. paints, 304. B r u h l , J. W., Thomsen’s supposed ex- planation of molecular refraction rela- tions, 200. Brugman, W. F., influence of copper on the estimation of sulphur, 296. Brunn emann, determination of phos- phorus in basic slag, 527. B r u n n e r , J. C. A., action of isobut- aldehyde on quinaldine, 975. B r u n n e r , P., and 0. N. Witt, benzi- dine-derivatives, 672. B r u n n e r , P. See also S k r a u p . B r u n s w ig, H., derivatives of aceto- thienone, 236. B r u n t o n , T. L., and J. T. Cash, action of caffei’neand thebe on volun- tary muscle, 985.-- chemical constitution and physiological action, 985. B uchanan, J., electrical conductivity of hot gases, 1071. B u c h k a, K., formation of phenyl- glyoxylic acid from benzoic cyanide, 487. - paratolylglyoxylic acid, 949. Buchka, K., and P. H. I r i s h , action of potassium ferricyanide on aceto- phenone, 483. - - oxidation of ketones, 825. Bucher, A. W. See Claus. B ii c h n e r, E., acbion of carbonic anhg- dride on ultramarine, 774. Bulow, C., ethyl phthalacetoacetate, 144. - phenylhydrazine compounds, 138. Buisine, A., amines in suint, 792. Bulach, W., action of paranitro- benzaldeliyde on quinaldine, 976. B u l i t s c h , P., analjsis of the water of a saline lake, 648. Bunsen, R., decomposition of glass by carbonic anhydride condensed on its surface, 13.B u r g h a r d t , C. A., determination of organic carbon and nitrogen in waters, 619. Burton, B. S., and H. v. Pechmann, action of phosphoric chloride on ethyl acetonedicarboxy late, 467. 19. B u r t o n , C. I. See J a p p . B u s a t t i, L., minerals from Tuscany, - wollastonite from Sardinia, ’709. Busch, A., manufacture of santonin, B u t l e r , F . H. See Kinch. 677. C. C ahn, E. L., methglanthragallols, 57. Cahn, E., and M. Lange, action ofINDEX OE aldehydes on amidosulphonic acids, 962. Calmels. See Hardy. Campani, G., volumetric estimation of urea, 1145. Campbell, E. D., estimation of sulphur in soluble slags, 526. Cannizzaro, S., and G. F a b r i s , acid from santonin : isophosantonic acid, 57. Canzoneri, F., and V.Oliveri, /3-bromofurfursn, 658. -- transformation of furfuran into pyrroline, 470. Canzoneri, F., and Gt. Spica, ethoxy- lutidine, 499. Carnegie, D. J. See Muir. Carnelley, T., and W. Mackie, deter- mination of organic matter in air, 532. Carnelley, T., and A. Thomson, derivatives of tolylbenzene, TRANS., 87. C a r not, A,, reactions of vanadic acid, 896. - vanadates, 1018. Carpenter, 1c. I?., solubility of silver chromate in ammonium nitrate, 216. Cash, J. T. See B r u n t o n . Castner, H. Y., production of alkali Causse, H., acetalresorcinol, 40. - action of acetaldehyde on p l y - Cazeneuve, I?., p-chloronitrocamphor, - isomeric nitrocamphors, 842. Cazeneuve, P., and Hugounenq, pterocarpin and homopterocarpin, 971. Celli, A., and F. Marino-Zuco,ni- trification, 858.CesBro, G., destinezite, 709. Chancel, G., and F. P a r m e n t i e r , solubility of calcium orthobutyrate and isobutyrate, 547. - - variation of solubility with variation of heat of solution, ti32. Chaperon, (3. See Gouy. Chapman, A., method for estimating fluorine, 295. Chappuis, J., latent heat of vaporisa- tion of certain volatile substances, 627. Chappuis, J., and C. RiviBre, re- fractive index and compressibility of cyanogen, 753. -- vapour-tension of liquid cy- anogen, 764. Chasanowitsch, J., action of phos- phorus pentachloride on salicylic acid, 725. metals, 107. valent phenols, 809. 970. AUTHORS. 1157 C h a t a r d , T . M., lucasite, a new variety Chatelier. See L e Chatelier. Chsttaway, W. See Allen. Chauvean, A,, and Kaufmann, heat developed by the activity of muscles, 1059.-- relation between the destruc- tion of glucose and the production of animal heat and work, 289. C h e s t e r, A. H., mineralogical notes, 782. C h e t m i c k i, S. v., carbonylorthamido- phenol and thiocarborthamidophenol, 477. Christensen, 0. T., chemistry of manganese and fluorine, 335,448,892. Chroustchoff, precipitation of mix- tures of iodates and sulphates by barium salts, 884. Chroustchoff. See D e C h r o u s t - choff. Chroustchoff, P., and A. M a r t i - n o f f, coefficients of chemical affinity, 548. Ciamician, B., behaviour of methpl- ketole : constitution of pyrroline, 273. - conversion of pyrroline into pyridine-derivatives, 678. - tetriodopyrroline, 597. Ciamician, G-., and M. Denn- s t e d t , extraction of pyrroline from animal oil, 59.Ciamician, G., and P . S i l b e r , action of acetic anhydride on methylpyrro- line and benzylpyrroline, 843. -- action of light on nitroben- zene, 240. -- conversion of pyrroline into pyridine-derivatives, 378. -- determinations of positions in the pyrroline series, 597. - - synthesis of pyrroline, 273. C i t ro n, H., much in urine, 390. Claassen, E. extraction of vanadium and chromium from iron ores, 449. - manganese sulphate, 774. - solubility of manganese sulphide in fused potassium sulphide, 449. Claisen, L., action of aldehydes on phenols, 270. - action of nitrous acid on ketones, 463. - action of sodium alkoxides on benzaldehyde, 574. - addition of ethyl malonate to uti- saturated compounds, 800. - condensation of aldehydes with phenols and aromatic amines, 491.- introduction of acid radicles into ketones, 575. of vermiculite, 349.1158 INDEX OF AUTHORS. C l a i s e n , L., and L F i s c h e r , benzoyl- aldehyde, 940. Claisen, L., and 0. Lowman, prepa- ration of ethyl benzoylacetate, 583. Claisen, L., and 0. Manasse,nitroso- ketones, 944. Claisen, L., and N. Stylos, action of ethyl acetate on acetone, 917. Claisen. Seealso B e y e r . Clarke, F. W., lithia micas, 347. Clarke, F. W., and J. S. D i l l e r , turquoise from New Mexico, 116. Claudon, E., and E. C. Morin, alcohols in brandy, 714. -- fermentation of sugar with elliptical yeast, 746. Claue, A., action of concentrated sul- phuric acid on aromatic ketones, 251. -- constitution of benzene, 719. Claus, A., and A.W. Biicher, chloro- benzoic acids, 828. Claus, A., and F. Collischonn, bromoquinoline, 158. - - quinoline, 60. Claus, A,, and M. E r l e r , bromo- derivatives of diphenic acid, 268. (3 laus, A., and P. F e i s t, a-naphthyl methyl ketone, 271. Claus, A., and E. F i c k e r t , paraxylyl ethyl ketone, 253. Claus, A., and H. H i r z e l , alkyl-deri- vatires of aniline, 134. Claus, A., and M. Kickelhayn, cinchonic acid, 846. Claus, A., and I(. E r o s e b e r g , para- tolylglyoxylic, paratolglb ydroxyace tic, and paratolylacetic acids, 948. Clixus, A., and P. I( u t t n e r , quinoline- sulphonic acids, 278. Claus, A., and E. Pieszcek, ortho- ethyltoluene, 240. Claus, A., and 0. Schmidt, p-naph- thol-B-disulphonic acid, 269. Claus, A., and J. A. S c h u l t e im Hof, cumeneorthosulphonic acid and ortho- cumic acid, 264.Claus, A., and A. Stiebel, metanitro- parachloraniline, 810. Claus, A., and E. T r a i n e r , action of hydrogen chloride on mixtures of aldehyde with alcohols, 231. Clniis, A., Werner, S c h l a r b , and M u r t f e l d , aromatic ethylene di-ke- tones and alkplated benzoyl-@-propi- onic acids, 827. Cleminshaw, E. See J a p p . Clermont, A., normal quinine hydro- ClBve, P. T., action of chlorine on - action of chlorine on aceto-p- chloride, 980. acet-a-naphthalide, 4994. naphthylamine, 961. C 1 Qv e, P. T., chloronaphthalenesul- - compound of quinaldine with form- - sulphimido-compounds, 834. Cloez, C., chloracetones, 1091. Cloez, C. See also Grimaux. Cloizeaux. See Des Cloizeaux. Cohen, E., pallasite from Cainpo de - talc, pseudophite, and muscovite Cohen, J.B., note on some double Cohn, R. See JaffB. Cohn, S., solubility of gypsum in solu- tions of ammonium salts, 333. Colasanti, G-., reactions of creatinine, 1056. Colby, C. E.,and C. 5. McLoughlin, action of sulphurous anhydride on benzene, 371. phonic acids, 374. amide, 381. Pucark, 904. from South Africa, 561. thiosulphates, TRANS., 38. Coieman, J. J., liquid diffusion, 440. Collie, N., action of heat on triethyl- benzylphosphoniiim salts, 1106. - conden sation product of ethyl amidoacetoacetate with hydrochloric acid, 501. Collins, J. H., minerals from PorthalIa Cove, Cornwall, 1022. Collischonn, F. See Claus. Colman, I€. G-.,and W. H. Perkin, jun., distillation of calcium tetra- methylenecarboxylate with lime, 234.-- synthetical formation of closed carbon-chains. Part 11-cont. Some derivatives of tetramethylene, TRANS., 228. Colson, A., erytbrol, 353. - isomerism of position, 420. - products from the residues of com- Combemale. See N a i r e t . Combea, A., homologues of acetyl- acetone, 653. - new reactionof aluminium chloride : synthesis in the acetic series, 127. - synthesis in the paraffin series by means of aluminium chloride, 656. Comey, A. M. See Jackson. Comstock, W. J., and W. Koenigs, cinchona alkaloi'ds, 281, 1122. Coninck, 0. de, alkalo'ids, 58, 603, 851. Conrad, M., and W. Epstein, luti- dine-derivatives from lutidinecarbo- xylic acid, 501. Conrad, M., and M. G u t h z e i t , action of ammonia and primary amines on ethyl dimethy lpyronedicarboxylat e, 500.pressed gas, 787.INDEX OF AUTHORS. 1159 Conrad, M., and M. B u t h z e i t , action of dilute acids on grape-sugar and fruit-sugar, 25. -- decomposition of milk-sugar by dilute hydrochloric acid, 26. -- ethyl dimethglpyronedicarbo- xylate, 502. -- formation and composition of humous substances, 229. Conrad, M.,and L. Limpach, synthe- .is of quinoline-derivatives by means of ethyl acetoacetate : y-ligdroxyquin- aldine, 679. C o n s t a n t i n i d i , A., wheat gluten as a food, 511. C o r n u, M. d., distinction between spectral lines of solar and terrestrial origin, 313. Cornw all, H. B., examinationof butter cdours, 621. Cornwall, H. B., and 5. W a l l a c e , Reiuhert's method of butter analysis, 309. C o s s a, A., ammoniacal platinum com- pounds, 642.- columbite from Graveggia, Val Vigezzo, 645. Cousins, A. C., relations of mercwy to other metals, 1080. Cownley, A. J. See Paul. Crttfts, J. M. See Friedel. Cramer, A., glycogen, 1127. Crampton, c'. A., analyses of sugar- cane and beet juices, '751. Crampton, C. A., and T. C. Trescot, estimation of carbonic anhydride in beer, 1144. C r e y d t, R., estimation of melitose, 306. Cronander, A., new method of esti- mating fat in milk, 308. C rook e s, W., crimson line of phospho- rescent alumina, 10G6. - new elements in gadolinite and samarskite, 334. - radiant matter spectroscopy : ex- amination of the residual glow, 1066. - sharp line spectra of pliosphorescent yttria and lanthana, 1070. - sharp line spectrum of phospho- rescent aluminium, 1069.Crosa, E. See F i l e t i . Cross, W. J.,andW. F. H i l l e b r a n d , C u i s i n i e r, L., glucose and the saccha- Cundall, J. T. See Shenstone. C u r t i u s, T., hydrazine (diamidogen), C u r t i u s , T., and F. Koch, derivatives C u r t i u s , T., and 8. Lederer, benzyl- elpasolite, a new mineral, 34.4. rification of starch, 354. 715. of diazosuccinic acid, 33. amine, 40. Curtman, C. O., detecting aniline - detection of salicylic acid, 185. Czarnomski, N. v. See Iielbe. colours in wines, 1147. D. Daccomo, (3.) and V. Meper, dpnsitp of nitric oxide a t -loo", 587. D af e r t, F. W., estimation of moisture in starch, 1143. D a h 1, d., preparation of benzylros- anilinedisulphonic acids, 579. Dahm, C., and K. Gasiorowski, con- densation products from carbo-imides and ortnodiamines, 247.Daimler, C., action of ethyl iodide and zinc on ethyl malonate, 360. Daimler, C. See also F i t t i g . Dambergis, A. K., analysis of mineral Dam0 ur, A., a pink clay, 647. Damour,A. Seealso D e s C l o i z e a ~ x . Damsky, A,, isomerism of the thio- phenic acids : deriiatives of p-thio- phenic acid, 237. Dana, E. S., brookite from Magnet Cove, Arkansas, 116. - columbite, 20. - crystallisstion of native copper, - mineralogicd notes, 343. Dana, E. S., and S. L. Penfield, two hitherto undescribed meteoric stones, 120. Danneitberg, E., deteclion of blood stains in presence of iron-rust, 408. Darapsky, L., Chilian alums, 558. D a t he, E., kersantite from Wustewal- tersdorf, in Silesia, 562. D n u br6e, meteorite a t Djati Pengilon, Java, 1034.- note on a meteorite in a tertiary lignite, 22. Deane, L. M., estimation of manganese and of phosphorus in iron and steel, 183. D e Boisbaudran. See Bois- baud ran. D e Boissieu, P., water of crystallisa- tion of alums, 892. Debray, H., action of acids on alloys, 7i9. crystalline alloys of tin and the platinum metals, 779. - products of the action of acids on alloys of the platinum metals, 900. Dcbray, H., andPBchard, alterations of the carbon electrodes used for the electrolysis of arids, 1009. springs in Aegina and Andros, 23. 341. D e b y, J., cyprusite, 644.11 60 INDEX OF I) e c h a n, M., note on an improved form of apparatus for the separation of iodine, chlorine, and bromine, TRAXS., 690. D e C h yo u s t c h off, K., artificial pro- duction of quartz and oi-thoclase, 559. - artificial production of quartz and tridymite, 559.- plagioclase, 20. D e Coninck. See Coninck. De F o r c r a n d , action of ethylene bro- mide on alkyl metallic oxides, 544. - alcoholates of potassium glycer- oxide, 427. - alcoholates of sodium glyceroxide, 426. - heats of formation of potassium alcoholates, 318. - heats of formation of potassium methoxide and ethoxide, 204. - heats of formation of sodium alkyl oxides, 319. - potassium glycerolate, 320. - sodium glycerolate, 8. Degen, J., indoles from methylphenyl- DehBrain, P. P., productionof nitrates - valuation of manures, 174. D eh6rain) P. P., and Maquenne, ab- sorption of carbonic anhydride by leaves, 172. Deike, W. See J a c o b s e n . D e Koninck, L. L., detection of am- monia, nitric or nitrous acids, and thiosulphuric acid, 297.- new reaction of thiosulphates, 297. D e l a c h a n a l . See Vincent. D e 1 a c h a r l o n n y, P. M., volatilisation of dissolved substances during the evaporation of the solvent, 211. De Lacre, M., dichlorathyl alcohol, 713. D e Land e r 0, C. F., telli~rium-silver- bismuth from Jalisco, Mexico, 1084. D e L a n d e r 0 and R. P r i e t o , some laws of chemical combination, 99. DelBpin, S., calcium nrate, 469. D e L e s s e p s, water from artesian well in the Tunisian Chotts, and from the spring a t Oued Ref, 455. Delisle, A., action of sulphur dichlo- ride on ethyl acetoacetste, 915. Dernant, B., glycogen in the liver of new-born dogs, 167. Demarpny, E., action of carbon tetra- chloride on metallic oxides, 329.- cerite earths, 551. - spark-spectra from coils of low ten- - spectra of didymium and sama- hydrazine, 149. in arable soil, 993. sion, 537. rium, 1008. IUTHORS. D e MondBsir, P., artificial production - particular case of the formation of Demuth, R., and V. Meyer, sulphu- Denaro, A., decomposition of silicic - dichloropyromucic acid, 34. DenigBs, 8. See Blarez. D e n n s t e d t , M., and J. Zimmer- mann, action of acetone on pyrro- line, 598, 1052. -- action of propionic anhydride on pyryoline, 844. D e n n s t e d t , M. See also Ciamician. L)e Rego, J. H., detection of acid coal- tar colours in wine, 405. De S a i n t Gilles, L. P. ~ See H a u t e - f e ui lle. D e s C 1 oi z e a u x, monoclinic form and optical properties of arsenious anhy- dride, 1015.Des Cloizeaux, A.,and A. Damour, chemical composition of herderite, 19. Des Cloizeaux, A., and F. P i s a n i , oligoclase, SO. Des Cloizeanx, A. See also Hidden. De Varda, G. See Spica. De V r i j , J. E., quinine chromate in analysis, 404. Dewar, J. See Ansdell. De Zaaijer, H. G., andromedotoxim, 497. Diakonoff, N. W., molecular respira- tion of plants, 988. Dieff, W., action of silver acetate on tetrabromodiallyl carbiiiol, 353. Dieff, W., and A. Reformatsky, oxidation of ricinoleic and linoleic acids, 716. Diehl, L., and A. E i n h o r n , deriva- tives of orthamidophenylvaleric acid, 485. Dietrich, E., opium testing, 310. D i e t r i c h , F., and C. Yaal, pjrotri- tartaric acid-derivatives, 658. DieudonnB, H., estimation of tannin, 187.Diez, R., quantitative estimation of glycerol, 750. D i l l e r , J. S. SeeClarke. Dingwall, J. See F r a n k l a n d . D i t t e, A,, compounds of stannic oxide, - estimation of vsnadic acid, 691. 7 metallic vanadates, 639, 705, 898, Divers, E., the formation of hypo- Divers, E., and T. Haga, reduction of trona or urao, 771. sodium hydrogen carbonate, 699. ranes, 906. acid by leaves, '70. 336. 899. nitrites, PROC., 119.INDEX OF 4UTHORS. of nitrates to hjdroxylamine by hy- drogen sulphide, TRANS., 48. Divers, A., and T. Haga, re!ation be- tween sulphites and nitrites of metals other than potassium, TRANS., 659. Dixon, H. B., preservation of gases over mercury, 105. Dixon, W. A., constitution of acids, &3. D obref f, N., orthodibenzjldicarboxylic acid, 958.Doe b n er, O., a-alkylcinchonic acids, 504. Donath, E., barium manganate, 552. - decomposition of chrome-iron ore, 619. Donath, E., and R. J e l l e r , detection and determination of traces of chro- mium, 531. Donath, E. See alsoSchoffe1. D o t t , D. B., acid morphine acetate, 505. D r a g e n d o r f f , G., physiological action of convolvulin and jalapin, 291. Dragendorff, G., and E. Blumen- bach, thallin, 871. D r a g end o r ff, G., and W. Jacobson, isolation and detection of phenol, 867. D r a g e n d o r f f , G., and H. v. Rosen, alkaloyds of lobelia, 854. D r a g e n d o r f f , G., and S. Salomon- o w i t s cli, myoctonine, 858. D r a g e n d o r f f , G., and H. Tiesen- hausen, chloral hydrate, 866. Drake, D., and J. M. Graham, elec- tric accumulators, 418.D r a p e r , C. N., solubility of lithium carbonate, 699. Draper, H. N., silver ammonio-nitrate, 331. D r a p e r , H. N., aitd C. D r a p e r , be- haviourof alkaline solutions of phenol- phthalern in presence of alcohol, 618. Drasche, E., analysis of Persian erup- tive rocks, 223. D r e c h 8 e 1, E., mgentous compounds, 699. - formation of complex inorganic acids, 703. - nitrous acid, 698. Dubourg, E. See Gayon. Duclaux, E., actinometry, 189. - butter from various districts, 996. - chemical changes produced by sun- - comparative action of heat and - preparation of valeric acid, 1028. Durkopf, E., preparation of pyridine bases, 499. Durkopf, E., and M. Schlaugk, con- stitution of aldehyde-collidine, 737. light, 93. solar radiation, 411. 1161 Durr, F. See W i l l g e r o d t .Duisberg, C. See Bayer. D u n s t a n , W., and T. S. Dymond, formation of hyponitrites, TRANS., 646, and PROC., 121. Duparc, L., reduclion of orthonitro- phenylglycollic acid, 948. l l u p e t i t , G. See Cayon. D u v i l l i e r , E., creatlnes and crcati- nines, 850. - trimethjl-a-amidobut;Probetai’ne, 792. D y e r , J. O., and W. G. M i x t e r , halogen-derimtive of oxanilide, 251. Dymond, T . S. D y son, G., action of fialicylir aldehyde on sodinm succinate in presence of acetic anhydride, TRANS., 61. - apparatus for determining vapour- densities, 431. See D u n s t an. E. E b e l i n g, A., electromotive force of some thermo-elements, 414. Eberhar dt, L. A., black pepper oil, 969. E deleano, L., derivatives of phenyl- methacrjlic acid and of phenylisobu- tyric acid, 583, E d e r , J.M., practical methods of photographing the spectrum, 93. E f f r o n t, J., estimation of starch and sugars, 867. E h r e n b e r g , A., formation of nitrogen during putrefaction, 746. - is free nitrogen formed during putrefaction ? 172. -- sausage poisoning, 392. - substituted methylenediamines, E i g e 1, F., trachytic rocks from the Eigel, G., paracoumaric acid, 1109. Eijkman, F. J., cinnainic acid in plants of the Ericaceae family, 517. - hydrastine, 505. - substances from Illicium religio- E i n h o r n, A., ecgonine, 741. E i n h o r n , A., and A. L i e b r i e c l i t , action of chloral on a-picoline, 845. E i a h o r n , A. See also Diehl. Eisele, F., action of paraldehyde on Eisenmann, R., galranic element, E k s t r a n d , b.B., naphthoic acids, E 1 b el, K., derivatives of normethpl- 1026. Island of San Pietro, 904. sum, 497. quinaldine, 975. 757. 373, 84.0. nitro-opianic acid, 49.1 l.62 NDEX OF AUTHORS. E 1 born e, W., strophanthus, 991. - strophanthus and strophanthin, E 1 bs, K., aromatic ketones, 940. - formation of substituted stilbenes, Elbs, K., and F. Bauer, substituted Elbs, K., and H. E u r i c h , 2 : 3 di- Elbs, K., and M. G u n t h e r , 1 : 3 di- Ellian, T., isomeric aldehydophenoxy- - vanilinoxyacetic acid, 259. E l l e n b e r g e r and H u f m e i s t e r , di- gestion and digestive secretions in the horse, 744. 1116. 151. stilbenes, 151. methylanthraqninone, 841. methylanthraquinone, 841. acetic acids, 258. -- digestion in the pig, 512.I-- __ nitrogenous contents of the digestive juices, 1129. -- - period required for digestion in the pig, 684. E i 1 is, C., J., Maumenk's test for oils, 89. Elsas, A., Nobili's rings and allied elcctrochemical phenomena, 759. E in d e n, R., vapour-tensions of saline solutions, 764. Emerson, W. H., oxidation of nitro- mesitylene, 132. Emerson, W. H. Emery, W. 0. See Anschutz. Emmerling, A., fermentation of albumin in plants, 615. E n g e 1, R., action of ammonia on chlor- ethanes: direct union of ammonia with unsaturated compounds, 793. - condensation of acetone with chloro- form, 569. -- conversion of fumaric and male'ic acids into aspartic acid, 917. - effect of hydrochloric acid on the solubility of chlorides, 445. - effect of nitric acid on the solubility of nitrates, 632. - effecls of sulphuric acid on the solu- bility of sulphates, 546.- hydrochloride of ferric chloride, 894. - solubility of calcium and mag- nesium chlorides in water a t O", 771. E n g e l h a r d t , E. See Otto. Engelmann, F. See Schinitt. Engler, C., and M. Bochm, vaselin, 45 6. E n g l e r , C., and C. Sehestopal, action of acetone on paramidoazo- benzene, 479. E n g l e r , C., and E. Wohrle, prepara- tion of mandelic acid and its deriva- tives, 948. See also Remsen. Epstein, W. See C o n r a d , G u t h z e i t . Erb, L. See Janovsky. Erban, F. See Schmidt. 3Cr ben, B., Bohemian minerals, 644. Erlenmenyer, E., jun., constitution of phenyl-a- and phenyl-a-g-hydroxy- propionic acids, 1046. - Ylochl's phenylglycidic acid, 142.Erlenmeyer, B., and J. Rosenhek, E r l e r , M. See Claus. E r n s t, F., reduction of a-thiophenic - reduction of aa-thiophendicar- - sjnt1ietic.d investigations in the Err era, G., chloropropylbenzene, 35. - decomposition of mixed ethers by - ethyl parsbromobenzoate and - reaction of stilbene, 53. Escales, R., and E. Baumann, g t a r d , A., solubility of copper sul- Etienne, E. See V e n a t o r . E u r i c h , H. See Elbs. Evershed, F. See Green. phenyliodohydracrylic acid, 45. acid, 471. boxylic acid, 23'7. thiophen series, 238. nitric acid and heat, 1103. parabromobenzoic acid, 1107. disulphones, 123. phate, 772. F. F a b e r , H., the lactocrite: a new apparatus for deteymining fat in milk, 1144. Pabre, C., heat of lormation of crystal- lised tellurides, 1010.- seleuium alums, 1014. Fabre, C. See also Berthelot. Fabris, Gt. See Cannizzaro. Fa&, G., variations in the electrical resistance of antimony and cobalt in a magnetic field, 760. C.,. and R. L i s t , ethyl benzoic sulphinide and ethyl ortho- sulphaminebenzoate, 835. Fairley, T., estimation of SUlpllUr and impurities in coal-gas, 297. Fasbender, H., compounds of alde- hydes and ketones with mercaptan, 462. F e d e r e r , E. C., test for oil of pepper- mint, 1001. E'eer, A. See Graebe. Beist, P. See Claus. Ferko, P., pyrogenic reactions, 572. Fick, R., formation and properties of inosite and its occurrence in the vegetable kingdom, 1089. F i c k e r t , E. See Claus. F a h l b e r g ,INDEX OF AUTHORS. 11 63 Fielding. See Rassett. F i 1 e t i, M., bromoterephthalic acid, 52.F i 1 e ti, M., preparation of aromatic amides, 42. 7 reciprocal transformation of cu- mene-derivatires and cymene-deriva- tives, 36, 471. F i l e t i , M., and F. Crosa, chloro- cymene and bromocymene from thymol, 37. F i n g e r , H. See Weddige. F i n k , R., affinity of certain bivalent metals for sulphuric acid, 885. Finken er, distinction of castor oil from other fatty oils, 402. F i n k e n e r , R., action of carbonic an- hydride on the dihydrate of stron- tium, 217. F i r t h , R. H., poisonous ptoma'ine in milk, 389. Fisclier, B., dimethyl ethyl carbinol, 1142. Fischer, B., and H. Wimmer, diazo- amido - compounds, 819. -- hydroxyazo-compounds, 819. Fiscber, E., action of aldehydes, an- hydrides and diitzo-compounds on the three methylindoles, 265.- carbamide-derivatives of dibromo- pyruvic acid, 918. - compounds of phenylhydrazine with sugars, 567. - hydrazines, 138, 932. - indoles from phenylhydrazine, 149. - synthesia of indole-derivatives, 148. F i s c h e r , E., and 0. Knoevenagel, compounds of phenylhydrazine with aldehyde, mesityl oxide, and ally1 bromide, 932. F i s c h e r , E., and F. P e n z o l d t , sensi- tiveness of the sense of smell, 983. F i s c h e r , E., and A. Steche, methyla- tion ofindole, 976. -- metliylation of indole-deriva- tires, 588. Fischer, E., and J. Taf el, oxidation of polyatomic alcohols, 651. Fischer, E., and P. Wagner, rosin- doles, 588. F i sc h er, I?., composition of generator gas and water gas, 1078. Fischer, H., working up of Stasfurtli potash liquors containing a large excess of sodium chloride, 1079.Fischer, L. See Claisen. Fischer, O., ortho- and meta-quinoline- sulphonic acids, 601. Fisclier, O., and E. Hepp, action of alcoholic hydrogen chloride on nitros- amines, 244. F i s c h e r , O., and E. Hepp, azophe- -- nitrosamines, 729, 1114. Fischer, O., and H. v a n Loo, forma- tion of P-diquinoline, 63. Fisher, J. H., corrosion of zinc by ammonium chloride and potassium nitrate, 889. F i t t b o g e n and Salfeld, manuring with basic slag, 524. Fit ti c a, F., a fourth monobromophenol and a second monobromobenzene, 134. F i t t i g , R., and C. Daimler, action of ethyl chloracetate and zinc on ethjl oxalate, 361. P l e w i t z k y , F., conversion of dextro- rotatory terpene from Russian tur- pentine by means of hydration and dehydration, 968.- relation between the boiling points of the monatomic alcohols and their constitutions, 879. Fleck, H., colour reactions of picric acid and dinitrocresol, 624. Fleischer, M., Brinokman, and others, manuring with basic slag and other phosphates, 524. nines and indulines, 1105. Fleissner, F. See Lippmann. F 1 ink, G., I hgbanit e, 782. Fluckiger, safrole, 990. Fliickiger, F. A., iodine determina- tion in Laminaria, 996. - lithium carbonate, 1000. - reaction of thiosulphates, 689. F l u g , K. K., ignatieffite, 1085. Focke, sepalration of morphine and strychnine from fatty matters, 187. F o c k e, H., estimation of alkaline chlorides in potash, 1138. F o k k er, fermentation by protoplasm from recently killed animals, 984.F o l k a r d , C. W., bacteriological exa- mination of water, 619. F o r c r a n d . See De Forcrand. FormBnek, J., solubility of lead chloride in solutions of mercuric chloride, '772. F o r s 1 i n g, S., Brsnner's p-naphthyl- aminesulphonic acid, 375. - p-naphthylaminesulphonic acids, 962. Fossek, W., carbonic anhydride in the air of schoolrooms, 888. Foussereau, G., decomposition of acetates by water, '767. - decomposition of thiosulphates by acids, 883. - effect of pressure on the decompo- sition of chlorides, 697. Fowler, G. J. See Bailey. Franchimont, A. P. N., action of nitric acid 011 bibasic acids, 466.INDEX 01 F r a n c h i m o n t , A. P. N., and E. A. K 1 o b b i e, ainides of ethylsulphonic acids, 468. F r a n k e , B., action of sulphuric acid on potassium permanganate.893. -- hydroxylated solid hydrogen phosphide, 635. - nianganese-compounds, 1016. - new gals burette, 687. F r a n k l a n d , P. F., and J. Dingwall, decomposition of potassium chlorate and perchlorate by heat, TRANS., 274. F r a s e r , T. R., strophanthin, 1115. F r e e r , P. C., and W. H . P e r k i n , jun., action of ethylene bromide on the sodium-derivatives of ethyl aceto- acetate, bmzoylacetate, and acetone- dicarboxylate, TRANS., 880. -- attempt to synthesise hepta- met hylene-derivatives, PRO~., 96. -- synthesis of hexamethylene- derivatives, PRO~., 96. F r e e r , P. C. F r e my, artificial formation of rubies, 556. F r e m y and V e r n e u i l , action of fluorides on alumina, 556. Fresenius, H., analysis of the Schutzenhof Quelle, Wiesbaden, 647.F r e s e n i u s , R., hot springs a t Wies- baden, 352. - preparation of hydrogen sulphide free from arsenic, 885. F r e u n d , M., and W. Will, hydrastine and its derivatives, 383, 1051. - - substances contained in the roots of %ydrastiy Canademis, 174. F r i u k e, determination of sulphuric acid in water, 862. F r i c k h i n ger, H., oxalic acid from the residue of spiritus atheris nitrosi, 360. F r i e d e 1, C., crystalline form of quercin, 1026. F r i e d e l , C., and J. M. C r a f t s , action of methyl chloride on o-dichloro- benzene in presence of ttluminium chloride, 1101. - - action of methylene chloride on methjlene benzene in presence of aluriiinium chloride, 1102. F r i e d h e i m, C., v. d. Pfordten’s silver suboxide, 1079.- Weil’s method for determining sulphidea, 396, 749. F r i e d l a n d e r , P., and F. Miiller, derivatives of pseudocarbost yril, 977. F r i e d r i c h , A. See R a z u r a . Friswell, R. J., and A. G. Green, relation of diazobenzenesnilide to nmidoazobenzene, YROC., 26. See also P e r k i n . AUTHORS. F r o h l i c h . See Zincke. Promme, C., electrolytic polarisation produced by feeble electromotive forces, 313, 541. Fromme, G., and R. Otto, 8-dichlo- ropropionic acid, 9 12. -- - synthesis of xeronic acid from a-dibromo-normal-butyric acid, 917. F u n a r o , A., felspars from Elba, 560. G. Gabriel, S., formation of primary amincs from the corresponding halo- gen-derivatives, 1037. 7 homologue of isoquinoline. 739. - homo-o-phthalimide and its deriva- tivcs, 50, 325, 1112. - isoquinoline and its derivatives, 61.Gabriel, S., and R. Otto, orthocyano- toluene, 1035. Gal, H., and E. Werner, heats of neutralisation of glyceric and cam- phoric acids, 205. -- heats of neutralisation of homologous and isomeric acids, 95. -- heats of neutralisation of rndic and citric acids, 205. -- heats of neutralisation of ma- ionic, tartronic, and malic acids, 96. -- heats of neutralisation of me- conic and mellitic acids, 206. Uallois, E. See A d r i a n . Garnier, L., estimation of albumino‘ids in liquids from cysts, &c., 872. - estimation of nitrogen in urine, 863. G a r r o d , A. B., place of origin of uric acid in the animal organism, 388. Gasiorowski, K. See Dahm. G as s a u d, organic nitrogen in chemical manures, 863.Gatenby, R.,volumetric estimation of alumina, 865. G a t t e r m a n n , L., and G. Schmidt, chloroformamide : synthesis of aro- matic acids, 569. -- preparation of ttlk ylam ido - formic chlorides and alkjl isocyanates, 358. Uaunersdorf er, J., poisoning of plants by lithium salts: 991. G a u t i e r , F., influence of silicon on the condition of carbon in cast iron, 220. G a u t i e r , If., chlorine-derivatives of acetophenone, 141.IXDEX OF Qautier, H., inauence of light and temperature on chlorination, 922. Gaw a1 o r ski, A., filters with greased edge, 295. - separation of mineral oils from saponifiable fats, 1001. Gayon, U., and E. Dubourg, alcoholic fermentation of dextrin and starch, 171. Gayon, U., and C-. D u p e t i t , method of preventing secondary fermentation, 171.Ge d 8 1 s t, L., preparation of picrocar- mine, 1117. C-ehring, G., aniline sebate and di- phenylsebacamide, 822. - butyl sebate, 801. - octyl mono-, di-, and tri-chlorace- tates, 653. - perchloramyl and perchlorobutyl perchlorosebatea, 801. - sebaceodinitranilide, 935. G e n t h, A., mineralogical notes, 342. Georges, peptones in the blood and G e r l a c h , G. T., boiling points of salt Gerland, C. See Zincke. Gernez, D., rotatory power of com- pounds formed in solutions of tartaric acid, 540. G e r r a r d , A. W., strophanthus and strophanthin, 970. G e r s o n, G., derivatives of pyruric acid, 260. Gessner, A. See Goldschmidt. Qeuther, A., arsenic, 888. - bitter principle of calamus root, 972. - constitution of ethyl propio- propionate, 915.- polyiodides, 910. G i b b s, W., complex inorganic acids, Gill, J. M., citric acid derivatives of Gim b e 1, A., derivatives of dianthryl, - nitrosoanthrone, 675. Qimbel, A. Seealso Liebermann. G i n t l , W., and L. Storch, ecgonine, 682. Girard, A., destruction of the nema- to'ids of beetroot, 617. - estimation of starch in potatoes, 868. G i t a r d , C., and L. L'Hote, corubina- tion of aniline with chromic acid, 927. urine, 188. solutions, 1012. 113. paratoluidine, 40. 1049. Girard, C. See Muntz. G i r a u d , H., physical peculiarity of tri- phenylguanidine, 366. AUTHORS. 1165 G i r a u d, IT., volumetric estimation of antimony in presence of tin, 400. Qladysz, T., preparation of calcium and potassium tartrates, 571. Glaser, M., action of potassium per- manganate on sodium thiosulphate, 336. Goe b el, H., estimation of morphine, 869.Goessmann, C. A., analysis of onions, 1137. GO t t i g, C., crystallisation of alkalis from alcohol, 889. - hydrates of potassium h_vdroxide, 636. - new hydrate of sodium hydroxide, 550. - water of crystallisation of sodium monosulphide, 381. G o t t i g , J. See Nietzki. Go tz, J., andalusite from Marabastad, Qoldmann, F., action of bromine on Goldschmidt, H., absorption in the - camphoroxime-derivatives, 496. - intestinal digestion in the horse, 610. - reduction of aldoximes and acet- oximes, 249, 568. Goldschmidt, H., and A. Gessner, cumylamine, 1039. Goldschmidt, H., and M. Honig, nitrochlorotoluene and chlorotolui- dine, 363. Goldschmidt, H., and E. Kisser, carvole-derivatives, 475,923.Goldschmidt, H., and N. Polo- now s k a, anisamine, 1041. - diphenylhydrosethylamine, 492. Goldschmidt, H., aud W. S c h u l - thess, thienethylamine, '728. Goldschmidt, H., and J. Strauss,bi- ni troso-orcinol and dinitroporesorcinol, 808. Goldschmiedt, Gt., new dimethoxy- quinoline, 1119. - papaverine, 163. Gonzalez, C., paratungstates, 895. Gooch, F. A., separation and estima- tion of boric acid, 299. -separation of sodium and potassium from lithium, magnesium, and cal- cium, 528. Gorgeu, A., artificial production of magnetite, 708. - artificial zincite and willemite, 345. - zinc ferrite : artificial formation of franklinite, 557. Goske, A., synthesis of carbazole, 372. Goske, A. See also B e r n t h s e n . Transvaal, 562. anthranol, 1049.stomach of the horse, 743.1166 INDEX OF AUTHORS. Go s s a r t, the spheroidal state, 768. Gossels, W., nitrates in animals and plants, 389. Gouy, standard galvanic cell, 541. Gouy and G. Chaperon, osmotic equilibrium and the conceutration of solutions by gravitation, 1013. Gowland, W., and Y. Koga, silver containing bismuth, TRANS., 410. Gtozdorf, G. A., assay of minute quan- tities of gold, 184. G r a e b e, C., acenaphthene, 592. - boiling points of diphenylamine - formula of diphenic acid, 589. -- tetrachlorophthalic acid, 832. Graebe, C., and C. Aubin, condensa- tion of diphenic and orthodiphenyl- carboxylic acids, 589. Graebe, C., and A. Feer, euxanthone- group, 152. Graebe, C. See also Bohn. G r a e t z, L., electrical conductivity of solids a t high pressures, 5.Graham, J. M. See Drake. Gram, C., active principles of Asclepias currassavica, A . incarmato, and Vin- cetoxicum oflcinalis, 377. - origin of ptorna’ines, 387. Grassmann, P., loss occasioned by improper methods of pickling wheat, 293. G r s v i l l , E. D., estimation of ammo- nium carbonate in spivitus ammonia aromaticus, B.P., 398. G r a y , T.. electrolysis of silver and cop- per : application of electrolysis to the standardising of electnc current and potential meters, 315. Green, A. G., and F.Evershed,volu- metric estimation of nitrous acid, 396. and its homologues, 812. Green, A. G. See a1soFriswell. Green, J. R., changes in the protei’ds of seeds during germination, 987. Greenall, T. H. See Thorpe. GlrBhant and Quinquaud, formates Griess. P., didzo-compounds, 817.- meta- and para-hydroxynitroben- zoic acids, 485. Griess, P., and G. Harrow, action of aromatic diamines on sugars, 475, 930. Griessmayer, true nature of starch- cellulose, 686. d r i f f i t h , A., detection of st,annic sul- phide in presence of antimonious sulphide, 183. G r i f f i t h s , A. B., agricultural experi- ments with iron sulphate as a manure during 1886, TRANB., 215. in the organism, 513. Grimaldi, (3. P., themic expansions of liquids a t various pressures, 626. Grim a u x, E., glyceraldehy de, 794. Grimaux, E. and C. Cloez, erythrene -- eryt hrene-derivatives, 352. Gtriner, G., isomeride of benzene, Grocco, P., creatinine in urine, 513. G r u b e r , M., culture of anaerobic bac- teria: morphology of butyric ferment- ation, 1135.Urune, H., azo-opianic acid, 48. Grunwald, A., chemical structure of oxygen and hydrogen and their dis- sociation in the sun’s atmosphere, 1070. Guareschi, I., y-dichloronaphthalene and chloronaphthttlic acid, 837. - strychninesulphonic acids, 853. - Weyl’s creatinine reaction, 1122. Guareschi, I., and P. Biginelli, chlorobromonaphthalene, 1113. G u n t h e r , F., iodoform and bromo- form, 787. G u n t h e r , M. See Elbs. G u i gn e t, C. E., crystallisation by dif - G u i t e r m a n n , A. L., orthazoxytoluene, G u i t e r m a n n , A. L. See also Gtu ntz, antimony tartrate, 657. - heat of formation of tartar emetic, 544. G u r l t , meteorite in a tertiary lignite, 22. G u t h z e i t , M., and W. E p s t e i n , action of phosphoric sulphide on ethyl dimetliylpyronedicarboxylate, 920.bromides, 789. 1033. fusion, 101. 932. N i e t z ki. Guthzeit, M. See also Conrad. H. Habermann, J., electrolysis of carbon compounds, 94. Haedicke, J., R. W. Bauer, and B. Tollens, galactose from Carrsgheen moss, 791. Haedicke, J., and B. Tollens, forma- tion of galactose and lsvulose from raffinose, 791. Haga, T., effects of dilution and the presence of sodium salts and carbonic anhydride on the tit ration of hydroxyl- amine by iodine, TRANS., 794. Haga, T. See also Divers. Hagemann, G. A., avidity formula, 633.INDEX OF AUTHORS. 1167 Hagenbach. See Nietzki. Hager, H., butter testing, 309. - detection of arsenic, 397. - guaiacum resin, 752. - testing aluminium sulphste, 182. - use of copper containing arsenic for the dearsenification of hydro- chloric acid : Reinsch's test for arsenic, 397.Hall, J. A,, some analogous phosphates, arsenates, and vanadates, TRANS., 94. - some ethereal salts of vanadium acids, TRANS., 761. H a l l e r , A., cyanacetophenone, 826. - ethyl cyanacetate, 797. - inactive borneols yielding active camphors, 1050. - isomeric camphols and camphors, 376. - preparation of ethyl cranomdonate and ethyl benzoylcysnacetate, 1030. - racemic camphol and its derira- tives, 1050. H a l l e r , A., and B. A r t h , ethyl suc- cinimidoacetate and camphorimido- acetate, 1031. H a l l e r , A., and A. H e l d , ethyl aceto- cyanacetate, 799, 1029. H a l l i b u r t o n , W. D., muscle plasma, 984. - proteids of cerebrospinal fluid, 614. I i a n r i o t , anemonin, 843.H a n r i o t , M., and C. Richet, estima- tion of the carbonic anhydride expired and the oxygen absorbed in respira- tion, 507. -- relation between muscular activity and the chemical effect of respiration, 1038. H a n s sen, A., action of carbonyl chloride on ethj lene- and trimethylene- di- phenyldiamine, 577. 7 constitution of brucine, 505. Hantzsch, A., constltution of quinone derivatives, 719. - furfuran-derivatives from resor- cinol, 262. Hantzsch, A, and I(. Schniter, action of chlorine and bromine on pyrogallol, 925. -- constitution of chlor- and brom-anilic acids, 1036. Hantzsch, A., and C. Wohlbriick, ethyl propiopropionate, 717. Hantzsch, A.. and A. Zeckendorf, derivatives of ethyl quinonepara- dicarboxylate, 727. Hantzsch, A., and H. Ziircher, polycoumarlns, 830.Htbrdaway, H., analysis of shot, 416. VOL. LII. Harden, A., action of silicon tetra- chloride on the aromatic amido-com- pounds, TRANS., 40 H a r d i n g , S. L., sodium dichromate cell, 412. H a r d y and Calmels, synthesis of pilo- carpine, 1057. H a r p e r , D. N. See P e n f i e l d . H a r r i s o n , G., mirror amalgam, 447. Harrow, G. See Qriess. H a r t , W. B. See Smith. H a r t l e y , W. N., constitution of the double chromic oxalates, PEOC., 4. - relation between the molecular structure of carbon compounds and their absorption spectra. VIII. A study of coloured substances and dyes, TRANS., 152. - spectroscopic notes on the carbo- hydrates and albumino'ids from grain, TRANS., 58. H a r t o g , P. J., sulphites, 886. Harvey, S., conversion of starch into glucose by means of hydrochloric acid, 125.- estimation of nitrates in water, 184. H as e b r o e k, E., action of hydrogen - a first product of gastric digestion, Haseloff, E. See Roser. Haslam, A. R. See Anschiitz. Hausdorfer, A. See Bischoff. Haushofer, E., microchemical tests, - microscopical analjsis, 300. H a u t e f e u i l l e , P., and J. Mar- g o t t e t, hydrated silicon phosphate, 329. H a u t e f e u i l l e , P., and I;. P. d e S a i n t - Gilles, artificial produotion of micas, 560. Ha zura, K., mid from hemp-seed oil, 799. - acids from drying oils, 359, 913. Hazura, K., and A. F r i e d r i c h , acids from drying oils, 798. Headden, W. P., columbite from Colorado, 347. H e c h t , H., action of monamines on citric acid, 154.H e h n e r, O., estimation of glycerol and its non-volatdity uith aqueous vapour, 1143. - estimation of methyl alcohol in presence of ethyl alcohol, 1142. Heidlberg, T., ortho- aiid para-chloro- dimethylaniline, 474. Hei s c h, C., analybis of pepper, 312. H e l b i ng, H., reaction of strophailthin, Held, A. See Haller. peroxide on bismuth salts, 340. 609. 301. 1001. 4 1;1168 INDEX 01 Helmers, 0.) additive products of aro- matic thiocarbimides, 581. Hemi 1 ia,n, W.,. diphenylmetaxyl- methane and diphenylorthoxylylme- thane, 266. Hempel, W., a gas burette which is independent of atmospheric pressure and temperature, 1062. - percentage of oxygen in air, 885. - source of error in gas analysis, 1062. Henderson, Gt. U., action of tri- phenylmethyl bromide on ethyl sodio- malonate, TRANS., 224.- ethyl triphenylcarbinylmalonate : B-tripenjlpropionic acid, 671. Henke, G., milky juice of certain Euphorbiacere, 72. HQnocque, hematoscopy : a new method of blood analysis, 312. Henry, L., cyanacetic acid, 796. - determination of the relative value of the four units of activity in the carbon-atom, 711. I_ synthetical acetic acid ant1 its deri- vatives, 796. - synthetical acetonitrile, 712. - volatility of methane-derivatives, H en s c h k e, A., chelidonine, chelery - Hensgen, C., ammoniomercuric chro- H e u t s c h e l , W., aconitic acid, 467. - chlorinated methyl formates, 1099. - derivatives of chlorinated methyl - derivatives of methyl carbanilate, Henzold, 0.) frozen milk, 745. H e p b urn, G., griqualandite, 709.Hepp, E. See Fischer. Hermann, A., digestion of fibrin by ITerrmann, 0. See Leuckart. Herz, J., detection of alum in flour, - detection of artificially coloured R e r z b e r g , W. See Stohmann. H e r z e l , H. See Claus. Herzfeld, A., ehmation of carbon in the organic constituents of water, 184. - estimation of invert sugar, 185. Herzig, J., isodulcitol, 906. H e s s e, O., alkalo'ids of the Berberidee, - alkalo'ids of coca leaves, 1125. - China bicolor, 76. - cinchol, 58. - estimation of quinine sulphrtte, 24. thrine, and sanguinarine, 854. mates, 218. formate, 10.27. 143. trypsin, 1130. 530. red wine, 91. 283. 1145. AUTHORS, H e s s 8, O., normal quinine chromate, - pseudomorphine, 163. Heumann, K., and L. Oeconomides, action of phenol on diazoamidoben- zene, 480.reaction of diszoamido-com- pounds with phenols, 664. Heumann, K.,and J. W i e r n i k , di- phenylethane-derivatives, 673. _I_- phenyl-derivatives of ethane, 1039. Heumann, K. See also Mentha. Heyer, C., estimation of water in strontia dihydrate, 217. - strontia dihydrate, 108. Heymann, B., and W. Koenigs, oxidation of homologues of phenol, 241, 1035. Hidden, W. E., new meteoric iron from Texas, 119. - phenacite from Colorado, 118. - remarkable crystal of herderite, 117. - the Mazapil meteoric iron, 564. - twin crystals of molybdenite, 116. Hidden,W.E.,aud A.D es Cloizeaux, Nol.th Carolina mineral localities, 118. HilI, H. B.,and L. L. Jackson, chloro- pyromucic acid, 469. H i l l e b r a n d , W. F., emmonsite, an iron telluride, 344. Hillebrand, W. F.Hillyer, H. W. See Remsen. Hinsberg, 0.) action of monatomic aldehydes of the fatty series on meta- paratoluylenediamine, 816. - action of orthotoluylenediamine on dextrose, 476. - nomenclature of the quinoxaline series, 382. - zirconium, 896. H i r s c h, R., chloro-nitro-derivatives of the aromatic series, 834. Hirschler, A., lactic acid in animals, 167. - separation of nitrogenous sub- stances by means of phosphomolybdic acid, 310. 404. -- See also Cross. H i r z e l , H. See Claus. Hockauf, J., botryogene, 21. H o l a n d, R., substitution-derivatives HO nig, M., nitrochlorotoluenes and Honig, M., and 8. Schubert, carbo- Honig, M. See also Uoldschmidt. H o t t e, B., action of phenylhydrazine on anhydrides of bibasic acids, 669. Hoffnisnn, A., compound of pyro- tartaric acid with hippuric acid, 44.from methglene chloride, 905. chlorotoluidines , 1034. hydrates, 125.INDEX OF Hoffmann, C., action of hydroxyl- Hoffmann, C. See also Mohlau. Hoffmann, L., and G. E r u s s , gold Hofmann, A. W., amidonaphthyl mer- - orthamidophenyl mercaptan, 823, - q uinoline-rrd, 380. Hofmeis ter. See also E l l enberger. Holden, E. L. See H u t c h i n s . Holdermann, E., estimationof sodium and lithium, 864. H o l l a n d , P., determination of alkalis in silicates, 181. - quartzite, 451. H o l s t and Beckurts, strychnine and brucine ferro- and ferri-cyanides, 852. Holzmann, E., thio-derivatives of diethylaniline and dimethylaniline, 723. Hood, J. J., preparation of ammonium dichromate, 449. - theory of f rac t ional precipitation , 325.Hoogewerff, S., and W. A. v a n D o r p, benzylamine and phenylethyl- amine, M5. -- isoquinoline and its deriva- tives, 505. Hooper, D., ash of cinchona barks, 394. Hoppe-Seyler, F., estimating hydro- gen in the presence of methane, 618. - methane fermentation of acetic acid, 1135. H op p e - S e y 1 e r, G., discriminating be- tween chrysophanic acid and santonin colouring matters in urine, 406. Horbaczewski, J., synthesis and con- stitution of uric acid, 918. Horstmann, A., molecular volumes, 545. H o r v a t , V., dry distillation of starch with lime, 460. Hote. See L'Hote. H o t t e r, E., synthesis of phenylaceturic acid, 368. Howard, W. C. separation of hygrine from cocabe, 1126. Hughes, J., analysis of hoofs and horns, 4.08. H u g o u n enq, L., chlorine-derivatives of anisoyl, 923.- lmorotatory P-hydroxybutyric acid in the blood of a diabetic patient, 986. Hugounenq. See also Cazeneuve. H u n t , T. S., integral weights in chemis- 7 law of volumes in chemistry, 99. amine on acetamide, 911. sulphides, 1019. captans, 839. 1039. try, 10'77. 9UTHORS. 1169 Huntington, 0. W., Coahuila meteo- - crystalline structure of iron meteo- H u r s t , S. H., algaborilla, 498. Hussak, E., granular limestone of Stainz in Styria, 780. Hutchings, W. M., analysis ofsilicates, 181. H u t c h i n s , C. C., and E. L. Holden, existence of certain elements and dis- covery of platinum in the sun, 1065. H u t c h i n s , C. C. See also Trow- bridge. rites, 455. rites, 119. I. Igelstrom, L. J., braunite from Jacobs- - hzemotostibite from Orebo, 645.- minerals from the Sjo Mine, - polyarsenite, 346. I h 1, A., colour reactions of beet-sugar, - colour reactions of starch and gum, Ince, W. H., ferric chloride as a test I r i s h , P. H. See Buchka. I s b e r t, A., estimation of phosphoric berg, Wermland, 643. Sweden, 902. 534. 534. for organic substances, 400. acid, 526. J a c k s o n , C. L., and A. M. Comey, action of silicon duoride on organic bases, 243. Jackson, 0. L., and U-. W. Rolfe, quantitative determination of hy- droxyl, 749. Jackson, C. L., and J. F. Wing, con- version of aromatic sulphonates into amido-compounds, 727. - - dimethylbenzylamine, 721. Jackson, L. L. See H i l l . Jacobsen, O., action of sulphuric acid - ethylxylenes, 37. - hemellithene, 36. 7 hydrocarbons from tar oils boiling - purification of hydrogen sulphide Jacobsen, O., and W.Deike, syn- Jacobson, P., orthamidated aromatic Jacobson, W. See Dragendorff. J,affB, M., and R. Cohn, behaviour of on pentamethylbenzene, 660. between 170" and 20O0, 35. from hydrogen arsenide, 885. thesis of hemellithene, 659. ketones, 961. 4 k 22170 INDEX OF AUTHORS. furf uraldehyde in the animal organ- ism, 1032. J a h o d a , R., papaverine salts, 164. James, J. W., artion of chlorine on methyl thiocyanate, TRANS., 268. - formation of ethyl cyanacetoace- tate, TRANS., 287. J a n d r i e r , E., nitromenaphthene, 964. JaneEek, G., determination of atomic weight from specific heat, 419. J a n n a s c h , P., heulandite, 903. - new analyses of Norwegian rocks, - strontitl, in heulandite, 453.J a n n e t t a z , E., buratitefrorn Laurium, Janovsky, J. F., azo-compounds, 663. Janovsky, J. V., and L. E r b , direct substitution products of parazoto- luene : hydrazobromobenzenes : hydr- azobromotoluenes, 479. -- halogen-derivatives of azo- benzene and hydrazobenzene, 478. J a p p, F. R., diphenylglyoxaline and methyldiphenylglyoxaline, TRANS., 557. J a p p , F. R., and C. I. B u r t o n , anhy- dracetonebenzil, TRANS., 420. -- azines, TRANS., 98. -- condensation compounds of b e n d with ketones, TRANS., 431. J a p p , F. R., and E. Cleminshaw, constitution of glycosine, TRANS., 552. J a p p , F. R., and N. H. J. Miller, preparation and hydrolysis of hydro- cyanides of the diketones, TRANS ,29. J a w e i n , L., crystalline compound from Kamala, 498.JedliEka, I(. See Levy. J e h n , C., action of polyatomic alcohols on solutions of boric acid and hydro- gen sodium carbonate, 790. 562. 644. J e l l e r , R. See Donath. J e n s c h , E., compos;tion of some ancient ceramics from Brandenburg, 218. - tetracalcium phosphate and basic converter slag, 216. J e n t y 9, S., intramolecular respiration of plants, 686. J o d i n , V., action of mercurial vapour on leaves, 395. Jorgenaen, S. M., cobaltammonium compounds, 775. - nitratopurpureorhodium salts, 114. - roseorhodium salts, 113. - xanthorhodium salts, 114. J o f f re, J . , agricultural d u e of retro- J o h n s t o n e , W., Flitwick water, 1087. J o l i n , S., the acids of pig’s bile, 742. grade phosphates, 8 i l . J o l l e a, A., new chloroform reaction, J o l y , A., bimetallic phosphates, 211.- double phosphates and arsenates - silver phosphates and arsenates, - thermochemistry of bibasic phos- - trimetallic phosphstes, 877. Jones, E. L., speciric gravity of human J u l i u s , P., employment of Congo-red - new diamidodinaphthvl, 56. 866. of strontium and sodium, 637. 215. phates and their congeners, 202. blood, 608. in titrating aniline, 90. J u n g f l e i s c h , E., c$niie- sulphate, 405. K. Kahlbaum, Gt. W. A., apparatus fnr measuring the tension of vapours, 207. - boiling points of the fatty acids - influence of atmospheric pressure on boiling point, 206. - temperature regulator, 206. K a i s e r and Schmieder, changes in milk by freezing, 745. Kalecsinszky, A., native gold from Thibet, 780. K a l i s c h e r M., new secondaryelement, 314.E a l i sc h e r , S., electromotive force pro- duced by light in selenium, 693. Kalmann, W., standardising iodine solutions : estimating sulphurous acid in presence of thiosulphuric acid, 618. Kalmann, W., and J. Spuller, exami- nation of crude soda lyes and red liquors, 1063. E a p p e l , S., formation of nitrites, 106. K a r c z, M., glyoxaloenanthyline and its derivatives, 911. Kassner, G., lactucerin, 605. - solanine, 860. K a s t , A., arorriatic products of putre- - fate of certain chlorine compounb E a u d e r , E., cryptopine, 1122. Kaufmann. See Chauveau. Kehrmann, F., new class of cobaltic - phosphotungstic acids, 777. - potassium manganic oxalate, 800. - separation of phosphoric acid from - Ftructure of complex inorganic C2H402 to CbH1O02, 207.faction in human sweat, 1132. in the organism, 612. salts, 220. tungetic acid, 866. acids, 777.INDEX OF BUTHORS. llil Kehrmann, F. See also Nietzki. Keiser, E. H., action of chlorine on pyridine, 277. - combustion of weighed amounts of hydrogen : atomic weight of oxygen, 1078. - new pyrometer, 1073. Kelbe, W., and N., v., Czarnomski, action of bromine and water on a-me- taisocymenesulphonic acid : constitu- tion of a- and p-metaisocymenesul- phonic acids, 147. Kellner, O., and others, absorption by soils, 76. - composition of tea-leaves, 73. - estimation of absorbed bases in - feeding and development of silk- - behaviour of urea in soils, 524. K e r n e r , Q., and A. Weller, testing quinine sulphate, 1146. K e t t e l e r , E., dispersion in rock-salt, 754.Kickelhagn. See Claus. Kiliani, H., action of sodium amalgam on arabinose, 714. - arabinose, 229. - arabinosecarboxylic acid and ara- binose, 465. Kimmins, C. W., periodates, TRANS., 356. Kinch, E., the amount of chlorine in rain-water collected a t Cirencester, TRANS., 92. - plrtttneri te, 451. Kinch, E., F. E. B u t l e r , and H. A. Miers, ncw varietyof dufrenite from Cornwall, 451. Kinkelin, F. See Miller. Kipping, I?. S., synthetical formation of closed carbon-chains in the aroma- tic series, PBOC., 93. R i r c her, G., tetrachlororthobenzoyl- benzoic acid, 831. Kisser, E. See Goldschmidt. Klason, P., action of acids on thiocya- nic acid, 1025. - action of chlorine on carbon bisul- phide, and of sulphur on carbon tetra- chloride, 1015.- carbon oxysulphide, 1015. - estimation of thiocyanic acid, 11pP. - free thiocyanic and cyanuric acids and their compounds with ethers and alcohols, 789. - substitution of amidogen by hy- drothionyl and oxysulphuryl groups, 478. -+ sugar formed in the inversion of lichens, 25. - synthesis of cyanphenin, 363. soils, 77. worms, 68. K 1 a son, P., thio-derivatives of ethyl - toluenedisulphonic acids, 264, 491. Kleemann, S., reduction of nitro-opi- Kleemann,S. See also Liehermann. Klein, J., estimation of formic acid and of organic matter in water, 1000. K l i e n, composition of barley and pease, 73. Klobbie, E. A. See Franchimont. Klobukoff, N. v., new apparatus for electrochemical investigations, 200. Klotz, C. See K n o r r . Knapp, F., formation of ultramarine in the wet way, 110.Kniesche, T., tungsten, 14. Knoevenagel, 0. See Fischer. Knop, A., biotite, 646. - crystallised niobic anhydride, 642. - peridote of Schelinger Matten, 1086. - pseudobiotite, 646. Knop, W., determination of ammonia in arable soil, 297. K n o r r , L., cinnamylhydrazine, 665. - correction: action of ethyl aceto- acetate on orthophenylenediamine, 247. carbonate, 1029. anic acid, 584. - pFrazole-derivatives, 678. -- synthesis of quinoline-derivatives, 847. - synthetical experiments by means of ethyl acetoacetate, 159, 275, 601. Knorr, L., and C. Klotz, pyrazoline- derivatives from ethyl benzoylacetate, 1121. -- reduction of hydroxylepidine and methyllepidone, 278. K n o r r e , G. v., employment of nitroso- a-naphthol in quantitative aiialysis, 530. Kobb, G.J., spectrum of germanium, 313. Kobert, croton oil, 798. K o c h, E., behaviour of tertiary %mines towards nitrous acid, 1041. - butylchloral hydrate and chloral hydrate as antidotes for strychnine and picrotoxin, 391. Koch, F. See Curtius. Koch, R., determination of the free acid in tannin liquor by titration, 871, 1144. K o c h s, W., determination of sulphur in albuminoiids, 396. KO c k, E., formation of haloid substitn- tion-tierivatives of timido-compounds by the reduction of nitro-derivatives of hydrocarbons, 810. - triphenylmethane-derivatives, 836. Kobrich, A., determination of organic matter in natural water, 533.1172 IKDEX OF 4UTHORS. K o h l e r, A., nitro-derivatives of me- thyluracil , 128. K on i g, G. A., manganese-zinc serpen- tine from Flanklin, New Jersey, 646.- stromeyerite, from Mexico, 643. Konig, J., composicion of the inner brown akin of the earth nut, 519. Koenigs, W. See Comstock, Hey- mann. Koenigs, W.? and J. U. Nef, 4'- phenylq~~inolme and the derived di- quinolyls, 599. K o e r n e r , Gt., and A. Menozzi, action of ammonia on ethyl bromosuccinate, 1031. -- - a-amidoisosuccinic acid, 801. -- transformation of fumaric and male'ic acids into aspartic acid and aspaTagine, 1100. K o r n er, M., derivatives of benzoylor- thamidobenzamide, 1044. Koga, Y. See Gowland. K O hner, A., deteiminationof cadmium and its separation from copper, 398. Kokacharoff, N. J. v., turquoise from the Kirghis Steppes, 1021. Eol&E ek, F., alteration of freezing points, 879.Koninck. See De Koninck. Kostanecki, 5. v., formation of - synthesis of B-orcinoil, 39. Kostanecki, 5. v. See also Lieber- Kos t i u r i n a , S., action of pepsin on K o to, B., glaucophane, 1086. - Japanese rocks, 564. Kowalemsky, N., formationof methoe- moglobin in blood by the action of alloxantin, 508. Kraemer, G., and W. B o t t c h e r , the relation between petroleum and the hydrocarbons of coal-tar and shale-tar, 648. K r a f f t, E., benzene-derivatives of high molecular weight, 252. Krasser, F., presence of albumin in vegetable tissues : microchemical test for albuminoYds, 407. K r a u s , J., so-called soluble starch, 173. K r a u t , K,, oxidation of ammonia in presence of platinum or palladium, 635. Hrekeler, E., action of sulphuric acid on aromatic ketones, 141.- pentathiophen-group, 239. r e mp, manurial experiments with various phosphates, 1137. Kretschmar, M., detection of boron in milk, $c., 864. euxanthic acid, 272. ni ann. amylo'id, 506. Kretschmar, M., estimation of fat, - estimation of potassium in ashes K r e u s l e r , U., amount of oxygen in the - is nitric acid formed in the organ- - observations on the growth of pota- Krosberg, K. See Claus. K r o u c h k o 11, polarisation of copper, Kriiger, F., absorption of light by oxy- Kriiss, G., atomic weight of gold, 360, - gold, 450, 554, 778. - gold oxides, 15. -- sublimed auric chloride, 341. - universal spectroscope, 179. K r u s s , G., and L. F. Nilson, com- ponents of the rare earths yielding absorption spectra, 890. -- earths and niobic acid from fergusonite, 706.-- equivalent and atomic weight of thorium, 704. -- potassium germanium duo- ride; 704. -- reduction of potassium nio- bium fluoride with sodium, 706. Kriiss, G., and H. S o l e r e d e r , reduc- tion of inorganic sulpho-salts by hy- drogen, 111. KriisR, G. See also Hoffmann. Kubel, W., preparation of lead car- Kiilz, E., active p-hydroxybutyric acid, - decomposition of bromides and - Indian-yellow and glycuronic acid, Kiiiz, R., gases of parotid saliva, 287. Kues, W., and C. P a a l , diketonic acids, 261. -- synthesis of a-phenylthio- phen, 238. K u t t n e r , P. See Claus. K u h a r a, M., orthotolylphthalimide, 586. Kuhlmann, E., determination of nor- mal carbonates in '' bicarbonates," 528. Kunz, G. F., meteoric iron from Au- gusta Co., Virginia, 454.- meteoric iron from Gllorieta Mt., New Mexico, 120. - meteorites from Kentucky and Mexico, 564. Kunz, H., emetine, 980. 402. and minerals, 864. atmosphere, 634. ism of higher plants ? 686. toes, 71. 757. hemoglobin, 1126. 1019. bonate, 446. 290. iodides by the stomach, 508. 498.INDEX 01 Kupferschlaeger, titration of zinc powder, 865. L. L a Coste, W., and P. Valeur, de- rivatives of a-quinolinedisulphonic acid. 973. -- quinolinedisulphonic acids and their derivatives, 379. Lacre. 8ee D e Lacre. Lacroix, A., critical examination of - lammelar thomsonite, 350. - plumbocalcite from Wenlock Head, - white epidote from the Beagle Ladd, E. F., pepsin versus animal Ladenburg, A., cinnamene of the - constitution of benzene, 362. - constitution of tropine, 740.- formation of pyrrolidine, 1052. - identity of cadarerine with penta- - piperidine bases, 64. - piperidine 8eries, 740. - pyridine bases, 59. - pyrrolidine, 499. - specitic rotation of piperidine bases, - synthesis of active conine, 160. Ladenburg A., and F. Peterson, Ladenburg, A., and C. F. R o t h , Laf on t, J., action of glacial acetic acid Lafont, J. See also Bouchardat. Laible, estimation of phosphoric acid, Landero. See D e Landero. Landsberg, L., preparation of vanil- Landwehr, H. A., animal gum, 26. - free hydrochloric acid of the - precipitation of dextrin by iron, - reagent fop the hydroxyl-giaoup, Lang, E., action of zinc alkyl com- - decomposition of ethyl acetomalo- - furfuran-derivatives from phloro- Lange, G. See Cahn, Lellmann. some minerals, 350.557. Canal, Terra del Fuego, 350. digestion, 513. pyridine series, 737. methylenediamine, 125, 1057. 164, 282. duboisine, 740. bases from animal oil, 157. on lzevogyrate camphene, 969. 526. lin, 483. gastric juice, 287. 4.01. 124. pounds on ethyl malonate, 261. nate and its hornologues, 717. glucinol, 262. AUTHORS. 1173 L an g e li, T., trimethylpropylammo- L a n g l o i s, M., specific heats of liquids, L a s 8 e r - C o hn, sodium and potassium Latschinoff, P., bile acids, 682. - crystalline form of choleic acid, 683. Laube, U., decolorising power of bone- black, 619. Laugier, P., action of selenious acid on manganese dioxde, 775. L a u r e n t , E., the bacillus of panary fermentation, 70. L a u r i e , A. P., electromotive force of a constant cell with moving plates, 314.- electromotive force of a voltaic cell having an aluminium plate as elec- trode, 315. Laurie, A. P. Lawson, A. T. L e Bel, J. A., Russian petroleum, 225. Lebensbaum, M., amount of oxygeri taken up in the decomposition of hzeluoglobin into albumin and hzema- tin, 854. L e c h a r t i e r , G., cider ash, 520. Le Chatelier, H., action of heat on clays, 785. - constitution of clays, 785. c_ laws of solution, 548. - thermodynamics and chemistry, L e d e r e r , G. See Curtius. Ledroit, J. M., so-called trachyte- dolerites of the Vogelsberg, 904. Legler, L., estimation of glycerol in fermented liquids, 1142. Lehmann, 3’. See Pfeiffer, W a l - lach. Leighton, (3. W., crystalline scale formed in the manufacture of sodium hydrogen carbonate, 108. nium iodide and hydroxide, 461.419. eLhyl tartrates, 918. See also Thorpe. See Z incke. 431. - mica from Leon Go., Texas, 119. Leitgeb, H., crystalline deposits in Leko, M. T., thiophen in aniline, 471. Lellmann, E., existence of two series of 4- (ana) derivatives of quinoline, 973. - phenylpiperidine, 604. - preparation of @-nitronaphthalene, 590. Lellmann, E., and H. Alt, quinoline, 502. Lellmann, E., and 0. Bonhoffer, introduction of carboxyl into aro- matic derivatives by the action of diphenylcarbamide chloride, 935. -- introduction of carboxyl into aromatic hydrocaybons, 254. dahlia tubere, 1136.1174 IXDEX OF AUTHORS. Lellmann, E., and Gt. Lange, quino- line, '737. Lellmann, E., and C. Schleich, nitro- benzyl-derivatives of ethyl malonate, 490.Lemoine, G., influence of heat on the decomposition of oxalic acid by ferric chloride, 384. L e No b e 1, C., action of reducing agents on hsematin: presence of products of reduction in pathologic urine, 1127. Lenz, W., testing indigo dyes on fabrics, 1147. Leo, If., reducing substance in diabetic urine, 513. - trypsin in urine, 69. Leone, T., changes induced in water by the development of bacteria, 615. Leone, T., and A. Longi, properties of olive, sesame, and cotton oils, 536. Lepe t i t , R., pyridine-derivatives from metanitrobenzaldehgde, 1053. - reaction of nitrobenzaldehydes with ethyl acetoacetate and ammonia, 845. Lerch, J. Z., red dye from chloral hydrate, '793. L e R o y e r, A., /3-dichlorophthnlic acid, 832. L e s c o e u r, H., dissociation of hydrated oxalic acid, 915.- hydrates of barium chloride, '766. - hydrates of sodium arsenate, 698. - the relation between the efflor- escence and deliquescence of salts and the maximum vapour-tensions of their saturated solutions, 208. - vapour-tension of sodium acetate, 322. - velocity of dissociation, 100. Lesseps. See De Lesseps. Leu c k a r t, R., carveol, borneol, and menthol, 3'76. L e u c k a r t , R., and E. Bach, bornyl- amine, 3'76. Leuckart, R., and A. Herrmann, nitrotolylglycine and oxydihydrotolu- quinoxaline, 383. Levallois, A., characteristics of olive oil, 535. Levi, L. E., thiophen-green, 481. L6vy, L., colour reactions of arsenic, arsenious, vanadic, and molpbdic an- hydrides, and of antimony and bis- muth oxides, 305. - colour reactions of titanic, niobic, tantalic, and stannic anhydrides, 304.- estimation of titanic acid, 1064. Levy, S., and I(. Jedlidka, action of bromine on bromanilic and chlor- anilic acids, 1106. Lewy, L., aniline and its homolognes, 134. Leybold, W., burette jet, 688. L'H o t e, L., detection and estimation of aluminium in wine and in grapes, 690. - detection and estimation of vana- dium in minerals, 690. L'Hote, L. See also Girard. Liborius, P., bacterial life in relation Liebermann, C., constitution of azo- - derivatives of opianic acid, 45. - isomeride of hemipinimide, 258. Liebermann, C., and 0. Bergami, cocceryl alcohol and coccerylic acid, 650. to oxygen, 291. opianic acid, 257. -- ruberythric acid, 1051. Liebermann, C., and A. Gimbel, preparation of anthrmol and di- anthryl, 965.Liebermann, C., and S. Kleemann, etherification of opianic acid, 584. - -- opianic acid-derivatives, 47. Liebermann, C., and 8. v. Kosta- necki, spectra. of the methyl-deriva- tives of hydroxyanthraquinone, 1. Liebermann, C., and M. Romer, alkannin, 1051. Liebermann, C., and P. Seidler, opiaurin, 580. Liebermann, C., and W. Wense, hydroxyanthraquinone dyes, 593. Liebermann, C., and 0. N. Witt, azines of chrysoquinone, 1049. Liebermann, L., detection of albumin in urine, 1150. Liebmann, A., and S t u d e r , detection of rosaniline salts, 405. L i e b r ec h t, A., reduction of nicotine, 161. Liebrecht, A. 8ee also E i n h o r n . L i f s c h u t z , J. See P i n n e r . Limpach, L. See Conrad. L i m p r i c h t , H., sulphazides, '723. L i nak, G., crystallography of cadmium L i n d e, O., estimation of hydrocyanic Lindot, L., action of alcohols on auro- L i n do, new sugar reactions, '751.Lindstrom, G., copper mineral frcm - phosphoricaiihy dride in felspar,347. L i n g , A. R., isomeric change in the Linn, F. See Morse. L i n o s s i er, G., compound of haematin Lintner, C. J., diast)ase, 165. Lipp, A., para- and ortho-nitrophenyl- borotungstate, 334. acid, 1143. phosphorous Chloride, 227. Sunnerskog, Sweden, 343. phenol series, TRANS., 147, 782. with nitric oxide, 854. oxyacrylic acid, 142.INDEX OF AUTHORS. 11i5 L i p p, A., tetrahydropicoline, 277. L i p p man n, E., dehydrogenation by means of benzoic peroxide, -151. Lippmann, E., and E’. F l e i s s n e r , synthesis of hydroxyquinolinecarbosy - lie acid, 63, 1119.Lippmann, E. 0. v., a new galttctan: properties of galactose, 652. Lipski, A. A., comparative estimation of preparations of pepsin, 66. List, E., organic and inorganic con- stituents of grapes, 860. L i s t , R., action of thiocarbamide on ethyl acetoacetate, 127. L i s t , R. See also Fahlberg. Livermore, W. D. See Norton. Liweh, T.,conyrineplatinochloride, 383. .__ 2 : 6 dimethylpyridine platino- Lloyd, J. V., asiminine, 981. Lloyd, R., conversion of the higher homologues of phenol into amines, 7%1. Locher, M. See Ziegler. Lodter, W. See Bamberger. L oeb, M., amidine-derivatives, 42. Loebisch, W. I?., and P. Schoop, L o s c h, A., the’ine estimation, 1002. L 6 s c h, A. A., brucite from the Ural, 345. Loew, O., catalytic actions, 440. - diastase, 387.- formose, 459. Loges, Q., determination of phos- Lommel, E., phosphorescence, 410. L o n g i , A. See Leone. Lopatine, N., action of aniline on ethyl dibromosuocinate, 1046. L or y, C., microscopio c r j stals of albite in calcareous rocks of the Western Alps, 1023. Losanitsch, S. M., mineral waters from Servia, 648. Louguinine. See B e r t h e l o t . Lowe, C. W., dibenzyl ether, TRANS., Lowmann, 0. See Claisen. Luckow, C., separation of metals by oxalic acid, 529. Ludwig, E., and G. Tschermak, meteorite from Angra dos Reis, 1087. Liidecke, 0.) crystallography of some polyiodides, 910. - minerals from the Stassfurt salt mines, 1085. Liideking, C., post-mortem detection of chloroform, 305. Lunge, Q., analysis of expIosives, 86. - conversion of calcium hypochlorite into calcium chlorate, 11.- detection of nitrogen compounds in seleniferous sulphuric wid, 998. chloride, 378. strychniue, 282. phoric acid in basic slag, 527. 700. Lunge, G., and J. Rosenberg, coal-tar lutidines, 449. Lunge, G., and R. Schoch, action of ammonia on bleaching powder, 700. Lunge, M. See Cahn. Luvini, J., electrical conductivity of gases and vapours, 4. Luzzato, E., antimonite from Val- dagno, 1084. Luzzato. See also Zambelli. Lwoff, J., fatty acids i i i resin, 653. M. Mabery, C. F., products from the - substituted acrylic and propionic Macadam, W. I., butyrellite, 17. - talc used in paper-making, 452. Maragno, J., determination of tan- nin in sumach, 624. Mc Cay, L. W., arsenic pentasulphide, 213. McCulloch, N., estimation of chro- mate in the presence of dichromate, 304.- volumetric estimation of cobalt in presence of nickel, 2141. MacGo wan, Q., dihalold-derivatives of thiocarbamide, TRANS., 378. - sulphinic compounds of carbamide and thiocarbamide, TRANS., 666. MeGregor, J. G., density of weak aqueous solutions of salts, 209. MacIvor, R. W. E., bisrnuthic gold, 707. - minerals occurring in Australian bat guano, 708. - New Zealand graphite, 555. - perbromic acid, 698. M ackenzie,G.S., rare copper minerah Mackie, W. See C a r n e l l e y . Mackintosh, J. B., improved form of Elliot’s gas apparatus, 1137. -separation of nickel and cobalt from iron, 1141. McLoughlin, S. See Colby. MacMunn, C. A,, invertebrate chro- - myohsmatin, 983. Macnair, D. S., apparatus for vapour- density determinations, 765.- separation of acetic and formic acids, 751. Macnair, D. S. Marc k e r, M., diffusion residues, 521. -value of the phosphoric acid in basic slag, 687. Cowles electrical furnace, 551. acids, 570. from Utah, 19. matology, 613. See also Bott.1176 INDEX OF AUTHORS. M a g e r s t e i n , v., comparative manu- rial values of Chili saltpetre and am- , monium sulphate, 77. - experiments with Chili saltpetre, 78. Ma gn a n i mi, O., chloro-derivatives of acetals, 28. Magnani ni, U., transformation of homologues of indole into those of quinoline, 1113. - piperiline, 457. M a i r e t , A., and Combemale, phy- c_- therapeutic action of colchi- -- therapeutic action of methylal, I_ -toxic action of colchicine, 515. Ms.lbo t, H., preparation of isobutyl- amines, 356.- preparation of normal prop-$- amines and isoarnylamines, 652. - salts of di-isobutylamine, 461. - separation of mono- and di-iso- &allet, J. w., silver in cotopaxi vol- Malo t, estimation of phosphoric acid, Manasse, O., vanadates of the alkaline Mrtnasse. See also Claisen. Maneuvrier, G., formation of the electric arc without contact of the electrodes, 626. M a n k i e w i c z, detection of phospho- rus, 566. Mannley, Gt., estimation of indigo, 114’7. Mansfeld, W., derivatives of di- ethylene disulphide, 122. Maquenne, inosite and its derivatives, 355, 459, 908. - identity of dambose with inosite, 909. Maquenne. See also DehBrain. Marcacci, A., action of alkaloyds in the animal and vegetable kingdoms, 859. M arcet, W., volumetric estimation of carbonic anhydride, 528.Marceuse, W., formation of lactic acid during muscular activity, 508. Mares, excretion of urea and uric acid from the system, 856. M a r g o t t e t , J. See H a u t e f e u i l l e . Mrtrino - Zuco, F. Markownikoff and J. Spady, con- stitution of the hydrocarbon CnHsn from Caucasian petroleum, 922. M a r q u a r d t , A., alkyl compounds of bismuth, 802. siological action of methylal, 391. cine, 614. 684. butylaniines, 357. canic ash, 454. 1063. earths, 339. See Celli. Marshall, J., glycosuric acid, 1047. - Hiifner’s reaction in bile, 390. - new ureometer, 310. M a r t i n , E. W., detection of artificial colouring matters in butters, &c., 1149. M a r t i n , 5. H. C., protejids of the seeds of jequirity, 990. - vegetable globulins, 50’7. Mrrrtinoff, A.See Chroustchoff. Mas c h k e, L., S-naphthylamine-deriva- - trimethylnaphthalene, 841. Mas on, A. T., condensation-derivatives of ethylenediamine, 493. Matthey, E., metallurgy of bismuth, 900. Matthiessen, C. H., and W. B. Mi x t er, orthazoparabrornacetanilide, 251. Matzudaira, C., dibenzylaniline and its derivatives, 812. Maum e n 8, E., action of nitric acid on sugar, 567. - alloys of platinum, iron, and copper, 778. - “ saccharin,” 836. - water of crptallisation of alums, 218. Mayer, A., exhalation of oxygen by fleshy-leaved plants in absence of car- bonic anhTdi-ide, 988. - nature of Nageli’s starch-cellulose, 460. May er, F., nitro-#-cumidinesulphonic acid, 953. - reduction of trinitro-+-cumene, 36, 659. Me em, J. Gt., limonite-pseudomorphs after iron pyrites, 116.MQhu, C., sugar in urine, 1060. - urea estimation, 1001. Meineke, C., analysis of clays, 1139. - determination of mangmese, 1139. - determination of phosphorus in - volumetric determination of man- &Ieissler,A.,ethyl isobutyl ether, 1088. Meissner, F., heat evolved when pow- ders are moistened, 9. Meldola, R., constitution of diazo- amido-compounds, 818. - preparation of dinitronaphthyl- amine ; metanitrophenyFlazodimethy1- amidobenzene, 152. - Wallach‘s explanation of the isomeric transformation of diazo- amidobenzene into amido-azobenzene, PROC., 27. Meldola, R., and F. W. S t r e a t f e i l d , diazoamido-compounds, TUNS., 102, 434. tives, 838. steel and iron, 396. ganese, 531.INDEX 0 1 7 AUTHORS. 11 77 Meldola, R., aud F. W. S t r e a t f e i l d , notes on anhydro-bases : ethenyltri- amidouaphthalene, TRAN s ., 691.Meli kof f, P., constitution of chloro- hydroxybutyric acid and dichloro- butyric acid, 30. - derivatives of tiglic acid, 29. MendelBeff, D., the compounds of ethyl alcohol with water, TRANS., 778. Mend enhall, T. C., electrical resist- ance of soft carbonunder pressure, 315. Menke, A. E., action of ferric sulphate on iron, 703. Menke, A. E. Menozzi, A., and C. Belloni, a- methylamidovaleric acid, 797. Menozzi, A. See also Koerner. Mensching, J., and V. Meyer, be- haviour of phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony at a white heat, 888. -- vapour-density of potassium iodide, 550. -- vapour-density of zinc, 218. Mente, A. SeeOst. Men t ha, E., chloroparazotoluene, 248. Mentha, E.,and K.Heumann, cyan- azobenzene and para-azobenzene- carboxlic acid, 248. -- parachlorazobenzene-deriva- tives, 247. Merck, C. E., ecgonine, 284. M e r c k, E., strophanthus and strophan- thin, 1116. M e r l i n g , G., action of bromine on diiiiethylpiperidine, 164. Mermet, A., lecture experiments, 769. Mertens, E., action of amines on phthalylacetic acid, 51. Merz, V., and P. Muller, aniline and diphenylamine from phenol, 243. -- conversion of phenols into amines, 576. Merz, V., and C. Ris, action of ethylenediamine on catechol, 722. Mettegang, H. See Bernthsen. M e u n i er, S., artificial formation of - meteoric iron at Fort Duncan, - mineral waters from Java, 224. Meusel, E., effects of thiocyanates on vegetation and fermentation, 519. Meyer, A. B., nephrite from Alaaka, 222.Meyer, E. v., preparation of iodo- benzene from phenylhydrazine, 1042. -- synthesis of cyanphenin, 363. Meygr, G., refractive index of ice, 753. Meyer, L., action of carbon tetra- - apparatus for fractional distillation See also Scovell. rose-spinel or Balas ruby, 707. Texas, 647. chloride on oxides, 552. under reduced pressure, 884. M eyer, L., halogen carriers, 326. M eyer, V., isophthdaldehyde, 940. - negative nature of the phenyl- - physiological action of chlorinated - preparation of P-iodopropionic --- properties of some metals, 445. - relation of a-thiophenic acid to the normal thiophencarboxylio acids, 129. - stability of corrosive sublimate solution, 774. - thiodiglycol compounds, 228. Meyer, V., and K. Neure, bye-pro- ducts of the thiophen manufacture, 805.Meyer, V., and A. W. Warrington, action of acetic chloride on amines, TRANS., 683. Meyer, V. See also Daccomo, Demuth, Mensching. Michael, A., action of ethyl sodaceto- acetate and sodonialonate on the ethyl salts of unsaturated acids, 672. - action of phosphorus pentachloride on acetanilide, 481. - behaviour of acetic acid and its derivatives to phosphorus pentachlor- ide, 359. - behaviour of ethyl oxalate with resorcinol, 949. - condensation of aldehydes with phenols, 825. - constitution of trime thy lenetricar - boxylic acid, 468. - convenient method of preparing brominated fatty acids, 358. - formation of indigo-blue from orthonitrophenylpropiolic acid, 672. - reactions with ethyl sodacetoace- tate and ethyl sodomalonate, '716. - reduction of the isomeric bromo- cinnamic acids, 668.Michael, A., and G. M. Browne, aromatic hpdroxylamines, 663. -- isomerism in the cinnamic acid series, 582. -- isomerism in the crotonic acid series, 656, 1029. Michael, A., and J. P. Ryder, action of aldehydes on phenols, 723. Michaelis, A., organo-bismuth com- pounds, 368. - tellurium dichloride, 1078. - valency of bismuth, 340. - vapour-density of tellurium te- trachloride : valency of tellurium, 770. Michaelis, A., and A. P o l i s , tri- phenylbismuthine and its derivatives, 368. group, 572. ethyl mlphides, 857. acids, 232.1178 INDEX OF AUTHORS. Michaelis, A., and F. Schmidt, isomeric mono- and di-benzoylphenyl- hydrazines, 365. - -- unsymmetrical benzoylphe- nylhJ-drazine, 820. Michaelis, A,, and L. W e i t z , triani- sglarsine and its derivatives, 367.Miers, H. A. See Kinch. Miesler, J., electromotive dilution comtants of silver and copper salts, 1072. Miles, F. P., formation of potassium silicide, 450. - supposed meteorite from Highland Co., Virginia, 455. Miles, M., nitrifjing microbes, 1134. Miller, A. K , compound of amylene with nitric oxide, PROC., 108. - recent papers by A. v. Baeyer and J. Thomsen on the constitution of benzene, TRANS., 208. Miller, A. K., and T. Baker, compo- sition of shde spirit, PROC., 97. Millel; A. R., preserving standard tarlar-emetic solutions, 403. Miller, N., ferment organisms of the alimentary canal, 288. Miller, N. H. J. Miller, W. v., action of aniline on mixtures of fatty aldehydes, 974. - condensation of quinoldine with aldehydes, 975.- nitrosalicjlaldehvdes, 938. Miller, W. v., a n i F. Kinkelin, action of aniline on a mixture of prop- aldehyde and acetal, 975. -- condensation of isobutalde- hyde and methylal with aniline, 957. -- a -m etani tropheny lparameth - oxyquinoline and its derivatives, 978. - - nitrocoumaraldehpdes, 939. Mills, E. J., action of heat on potassium chlorate and perchlorate, 767. N i l l s , T. W., urine of the tortoise, 170. Miuria, M., melanin, 855. Mixter, W. G., acid propionatea and butyrates, 231: Mixter, W. (3. See also Dyer, M a t - thieson, Osborn. Mohlau, E., and C. Hoffmann, alkyl hypochlorites from isonitroso-com- pounds, 795. Moller, G., Eggerzt’s method of esti- mating sulphur in iron, 296. Morner, I(. A. H., pigments of mela- notic sarcomata, 168.M o h r, C., estimation of phosphoric acid, 864. MoinB, F., action of bibasic acids on thiocarbimide, 489. See J a p p . M o is s an, H., phosphorus pentafluoride, 212. Molisch, H., new test for coniferin, 692. - relations between inorganic salts containing nhrogen, and plants, 989. Moll, J. W., microchemical detection of tannin, 311. Monari, A., formation of xanthocrea- tinine in the organism, 613. Mondhsir. See D e MondBsir. Moore, G. D. See Anschutz. Moore, R. W., carrot colour in butter, 310. Moore, T., direct precipitation of nickel oxide in presecce of iron, 1141. - estimation of nickel in ores, mattes, and slags, 303. - modified ferric chloride cell, 1071. - peculiar formation in nickel regu- lus, 1081. Moo a, F., condensation products of ethylene-aniline with aldehydes, 577.Morawski, T., and J. Stingl, fat of the soja bean, 687. - - sugars of the soja bean, 686. Morgan, J. J., rapid estimation of pilicon, sulphur, and manganese in iron and steel, 1140. Morin, E. C. See Clrtudon. Morley, F. H., substitution in the Morse, H. N., and A. F. L i n n , deter- Morse, H. N., and C. Pigot, determi- Miihlhiiuser, O., manufacture of - manufacture of dimethylaniline, - manufacture of methyl-riolet, 821. - manufacture of methylene-blue, - manufacture of resorcinol, 5’74. Muller, formation of sugar in grapes, Miiller, C. O., formation of albumi- Muller, F., aniline poisoning, 514. Muller, F. See also F r i e d l a n d e r . Mueller, H., physiological rdle of vine leaves, 685. Muller, P., primary and secondary xylamines from xylenols, 663.Muller, P. See also Merz. M u l l e r , R. See Bamberger. Muller, W., metamethglcinnamic mid and its derivatives, 724. Miiller-Erzbach, W., dependence of chemical af%nity on temperature, 628. benzene nucleus, TRANS., 579. mination of nitric acid, 181. nation of butter in milk, 752. benzaldehyde-green s, 579. 576. 480. 517. noyds in plants, 70.INDEX OF AUTHORS. 1179 Mull e r - E r z b a c h, W., dissociation of - dissociation of salts containing - dissociation of sodium phosphate, - hydrates of barium and strontium - rate and vapour-tension of disso- Munchmeyer, F., action of hydroxyl- - action of hydroxylamine and * phenylhydmzine on dialdehydes and M u h l e r t , F., action of acetamide on Bluhlert, F. See also B e r n t h s e n .Muir, M. M. P., and D. J. Carnegie, contributions from the 1a.boratory of Gonville and Caius College, Cam- bridge. No. VIII. On bismuthates, TRANS., 77. M u l l e r , J. A., influence of temperature and pressure on the action of potas- sium chloride on crude methylamine carbonate, 771, - new class of ferrocyanides and ferricyanides, 649. Muller, H., action of diastase and in- vertin, 166. Munk, J., formation of fat in the dog from carbohydrates, 288. Munro, J. M. H., influence of the ferric oxide in basic cinder on the growth of plants, 178. Munro, J. M. H. See also W r i g h t - son. M u n t z , A., dstribution of the nitric ferment and its function in the disin- tegration of rocks, 1135. - ripening of seeds, 173. Muntz, A., and C. G i r a r d , production of farmyard manure, 175.M u r t f e l d . See Claus. M u t h m a n n , W., argentous com- - loner oxides of molybdenum, 553. Muthmann, W., and J. U. Nef, cin- Mylius, E., red coloration of phenol, - thalle'ioquinine reaction, 311. Mylius, F., cholic acid, 606, 982. - iodide of starch, 568. - Pettenkofer's reaction, 1149. copper sulphate, 208. water of clytallisation, 207. 436. hydroxides, 765. ciation, 696. amine on diketones, 373. ketones, 482. orthochloroquinoline, 848. pounds, 636. chonic acid, 598. 807. N. Nageli, E. See Schulze. Nagamatsz, A., functions of chloro- phyll, 516. N asi n i, R., molecular refraction of car- bon compounds, 626. Nasini,R., and A. Scala, ally1 trisul- phide, 1088. -- molecular refractive energies of deriyatires of carbon bisulphide, 753.-- molecular refractive energies of thiocyanates and thiocarbimides, 754. N a t a n s o n, E., cooling of carbonic an- hydride on expansion, 880. N a u t i e r , A., suprrphosphate manuring for sugar-beet, 295. N ef, J. U., benzoquinonecarboxylic acids, 255. - nitranilic acid from chloranil, 926. Nef, J. U. See also Muthmann, Negreano, specific inductive power of Nettlefold, F., absorption of nitric - nitrocellulose, 792. - sodium nitrate in gun-cotton, '715. Neumann, C. v., nickel and carbon element, 757. Neumann, G., determination of metallic iron in slags, 1144). - nitrophenylbenzoates and nitro- benzoates, 254. - preparation of oxygen and of sul- phurous anhydride with Eipp's appa- ratus, 769. Neumann, a. S., sulphuric acid as an iodine carrier, 573. Neumeister, R., albumoses, 285.-- vitelloses, 286. Neure, K. See Meyer. Nickel, O., quantitative estimation of oxalic acid in urine, 401. N i c o 1, W. W. J., expansion of salt solu- tions, 760. - supersaturation of salt solutions, TRANS., 389. - rapour-pressures of water from salt solutious, 321. Niedschlag, W., decomposition of saccharose by boiling with lime, 1026. N iem e n t o w s k i, S., anhydro-com- pounds, 937. Niementowski, S., and M. Obrem- ski, metaformotoluide and its deriva- tives, 935. Nietzki, R., constitution of nitranilic acid, 134. - constitution of safi.anine, 250, - formation of croconic acid from K 3 e n i g s. liquids, 413. oxide by sulphuric acid, 526. benzene-deriratires, 805.1180 INDEX OF AUTHORS. N i e t z k i, R., hexa-derivatives of ben- - safranine dyes, 249.Kietzki, R., and J. G o t t i g , p-a-azo- naphthalene, 590. Nietzki, R., and A. L. Guitermann, naphtholcarboxylic acids, 732. Nietzki, R., and E. Hagenbach, tet,ramidobenzene and its derivatives, 476. Nietzi, R., and F. Kehrmann, qui- nonedioxime and dinitrosobenzene, 575. -- secondary and tertiary qui- nones, 473. Nietzi, R., and J. Preusser,constitu- tion of dinitroquinol : formation of nitranilic acid, 574. Nietzi, R., and T. Steinmann, pur- purogallin, 733. Nilson, L. I?., and 0. P e t t e r s o n , physical constants of germanium and titanium, and their conipounds, 778. Nilson, L. F. Noah, E., tetrahydroxyanthraquinones, 56. Nordenskiold, A. E., cosmical pow- der from San Fernando, Chili, 22. - equivalent of gadolinium oxide, 109.- gearksutite from Ivigut, Green- land, 344. Norton, L. M.,and W. D. Livermore, action of dilute nitric acid on substi- tuted amido-compounds, 1038. Norton, L. M., and A. A. Noyes, action of heat on et,hglene, 226. N o r t o n , L. M., and H. J. Williams, action of bromine on isobutylene, 712. N o u r r i s s on, C., bromorthotoluic and bromopht halic acidB, 668. Novy, F. G., homologues of coca'ine, 1126. Noyes, A. A. See N o r t o n . Noyes, W. A., and C. Walker, oxidation of benzene-derivatives with potassium ferricyanide, 727. N u t h, G., furfuran-derivatives, 803. zene, 929. See also Kriiss. 0. Obremski, M. See Niementowski. Ochftenius, C., phosphoric acid in Oeconomides, L., ketines, 29. Oeconomides, L. See also Heu- mann. O e t t e l , F., volumetric method for determining fluorine, 179.Old bach, H., /3-methyltetramethylene- diamine and P-methylpyrrolidine, 735. Chili saltpetre, 558. Olivieri, V. See Canzoneri. Olszewski, K., absorption spectrum of liquid oxygen and of atmospheric air, 625. - boiling point of ozone : solidifica- tion of ethylene, 634. LI density of liquefied methane, oxygen and nitrogen, 694. Osborne, T. B., higher oxides of copper, 334. Osborne, T. B., and W. G. Mixter, paranitroformanilide, 250. Osmond, heating and cooling of cast steel, 14. - heating and cooling of melted steel, 219. 0 s m o n d, F., colorimetric estimation of phosphorus, 999. - effect of manganese, &c., on the properties of steel, 639. Osmond and W e r t h , residues ob- tained from steel and zinc by the action of acids, 894.0 s t, H., and A. Men t e, oxalimide, 234. Ostwald, W., coefficients of affinity of bases, 324. O t t , A., separation of globulin from albumin in urine, 406. 0 t to, H., tetracalcium phosphate and basic slag, 445. Otto, R., action of cyanuric chloride and chlorocyanuricdiamide on phenols, 1033. - synthesis of aromatic polysul- phides, 923. Otto, R.,and E. E n g e l h a r d t , phenyl- sulphinacetic acid, 263. Otto, R., and A. Rossing, action of potassium hydroxide on mixed alkyl bisulphides, 371. -- action of potassium hydroxide on phenylenemetadiphen-ylsulphone, 372. -- aromatic sulphonates con- taining bivalent alcohol radicles, 953. - - behaviour of aromatic-sul- phinic acids towwds hydrogen sul- phide, 1047. - - bisulphides with mixed organic radicles, 242.-- reaction o€ organic bisulphides with potassium sulphide, 226. -- reduction of aromatic thio- sulphonates containing alkyl radicles by means of hydrogen sulphide, 954. -- sulp hobenzidedisulphonic acid, 263. O t t o , R., and K. Voigt, solid a-di- chlorethyl cyanide and its conversion into triethyl cyanuride, 1024. Otto, R. Seealso Fromme,Gabrie O u v r a r d , L. See Trooet.INDEX OF AUTHORS. 1181 P. P a a l , C., Constitution of pyrotritartarir acid, 657. P a a l , C., and A. Piiscliel, 1 : 3 methyl- phenylthiophen and 1 : 2 thioxen, 1101. P a a l , C., and C. W. T. Schneider, synthesis of pjrroline-derivatives, 273. Partl, C. PadB, L., analysis of coffee, 1002. Pagnoul, A., manurial experiments P a l l a , E., recent formation of marcasite Palm, R , detection and determination - detection of traces of albumin, 40’7.- determination of milk constituents, Palmer, C. S. See Remsen. P a l m q u i s t , A. See P e t t e r s o n . Pampel, O., and G. Schmidt, Panajotow, G., 1 : 3 dimethylquinal- P a r m e n t i e r , F., a particular case of P a r m e n t i e r , F. See also Chancel. P a u l , B. H., and A. J. Cownley, amount of caffe’ine in various kinds of coffee, 394. See also Dietrich, Kues. with sugar-beets, 748. at Marienbad, 901. of lactic acid, 307. 1003. aromatic ketones, 252. dine, 381. solution, 547. - - coffee, 1002. P a u l y , C., detection of potassium by means of sodium bismuth thiosul- phate, 1138. P e a r ce, R., goslarite from Montana, 346. Pebal, conjectured thermochemicsl law respectiEg non-reversible electro- lytic actions, 1072.PBchard. See Debray. Pechmann, H. v., isonitroso-deriva- tivea, 1103. Pechmann, H. v., and K. Wehsarg, diisonitrosoacetone, 28. Pechmann, H. v. See also Burton, Stokes. P e 11 a t , H., absolute electro-dynamo- meter, 200. P e l l i z z a r i , G., oxidising action of alloxan, 1100. P e n f i e l d , S. L., plienacite from Colorado, 452. --- ranadinite from Arizona and Kew Mexico, 347. Penfield, S. L., and D. N. H a r p e r , chemical composition of ralstonite, 345. P e n f i e l d , S. L., and F. S. Sperry, pseudoinorphs of garnet, 117. Penfield, S. L. See also Dana. Penzoldt. See Fischer. Peratoner, A., constitution of di- bromosalicylic acid, 48’7. - oxidation of the methyl ethers of mono- and di-bromorthoisoproppl- phenols, 472.- substituted mono- and di-bromo- salicylic acids, 486. Perkin, A. G., and W. H. Perkin, jun., kamala, 2’72. P e r k i n , W. H., sen., magnetic rotation and densities of chloral, chloral hydrate, and hydrated aldehydes, TRANS., 808. -magnetic rotatory power of the ethyl salts of malei’c and citraconic acids and their isomerides, PEOC., 98. - tartaric and racemic acids and the magnetic rotation of their ethereal salts, TRANS., 362. P e r k i n , W. H., jun., action of tri- methylene bromide on ethyl aceto- acetate, benzoylacetate, and acetone- dicarboxylate, 32. - dehydracetic acid, TRANS., 4W. - derivatives of hydrindonnphthene and tetrahydronaphthalene, PRoC., 92. - Synthetical formation of closed carbon-chains. I1 (cont.) Action of trimethylene bromide on the sodium compounds of ethylic acetoacetate, benzoylacetate, paranitrobenzoyl- acetate, and acetonedicarboxylate, .TRANS., 702.- synthetical formation of closed carbon-chains. Part 111. Some de- rivatives of pentamethylene, TRANS., 24.43. - synthetical formation of closed carbon-chains. Part 11. On some derivatives of tetramethylene, TRANS., 1. - synthetical formation of closed carbon-chains Part I (cont.) Tri- methylenedicarboxjlic acid, TRANS., 849. Perkin, W. H., jun., and P. C. Freer, ethyl acetotrimethylenecarbox~late, 33. Perkin, W. H.,jun. SeealsoColman, F r e e r , and A. 0. P e r k i n . Perry, J. See Ayrton. Pesci and B e t e l l i , terebenthene-de- P e t ers, K., linole’ic acid, 126. Peterson, F. See Ladenburg. Pettersson, O., air analysis on a new - apparatus for gas analysis, 179.P e t t e r s o n , O., and A. Yalmquist, portable apparatus for the estimation rivatives, 272. principle, 180.1182 INDEX OF AIJ'L'HORS. of carbonic anhydride in the atmo- sphere, 999. P e t t e r s o n , 0. See also Nilson. Pfeffer, W., absorption of aniline colours by living cells, 747. P f eif f er, G., preparation of halogen- derivatives of pyridine bases from the pyridinecarboxylic acids, 844. P f e i f f e r , T., natural and artificial di- gestion, 167. P t e i f f e r , T., and F. Lehmann, addi- tion of sugar to cattle-foods, 511. P f l i i g e r , E., and I(. Bohland, esti- mation of urea in Imman urine with sodium hypobramite, 90. c-- Hufner's method of estimating urea, 90. P f o r d t e n , 0. v. d., the lowest com- pounds of silver, 699.- titanium, 14, 337. P f u 1 f, A., hydrazinebenzenesulphonic - indoles, 956. P h i l i p , M. See Bamberger. Philips, B., unsymmetrical secondarj hydrazines, 1085. P i c ci n i, mineral associated with the columbite of Val Vigezzo, 1085. P i c k r r i n g , S. U., decomposition of sodium carbonateby fusion, TRANs.,72. - determination of the constitution of carbon compounds from thermo- chemical data, 423. - heat of hydration of salts, TRANS., 75. - influence of temperature on the heat of dissolutionof salts,TRANs., 290. - thermal phenomena of neutraliaa- tion and their bearing on the nature of solution and the theory of residual affinity, TRANS., 593. Pieszeck, E. See Claus. Piggot, C. See Morse. Pinner, A., action of carbamide on phenylhFdrazines, 1042.- pyrimidines, 1053. P i n n e r , A., and J. L i f schutz, action of cwbamide on the chloral cyan- hydrins, 1032. -- - action of carbamide on cyan- hydrins, 1054. P i o n c h o n, specific heats and changes of state at high temperatures, 201. Pisanello, G., hydrogenation of pro- pionitrile, 457. Pisani, F. See Des Cloizeaux. P i u t t i , A., reciprocal transformation of the optically active asparagines, 802. - synthesis of ethereal salts of tri- mesic acid, 491 and 587. P I a t z, P., estimrrtion of sulphur in iron, 1141. acids, 933. PlO chl, J., phenylglycidic acid, 254. - synthesis of pyridine bases, 598. Plugge, P. C., composition of papave- _I opium alkalo'ids, 280, 851. teat for narceine, 870. - volumetric estimation of acids in salts of the alkaloids, 621.Podwyssozki, W., method of pre- paring extracts of pepsin, 65. Polikiev, H. See Berlinerblau. P o 1 i 8 , A. , aromatic lead compounds, P o l i s , A. See also Michaelis. Polonowska,N. See Goldachmidt. Pomey, E., compound of orthotolui- dine with cupric chloride, 472. - compound of paratoluidine with cupric chloride, 472. - compound of propyl alcohol and phosphoplatinous chloride, 458. Posner, C., albumin in normal urine, 390. P r e i s , K., and B. Rayman, decompo- sition of sodium thioarsenate by silver nitrate, 4 4 , 889. P r e u s s e r , J. See Xietzki. P r i b r am, R., specific rotation of opti- cally active substances in very dilute solution, 755. P r i e t o , R. See De Landero. P r i n g l e , A., some probable new ele- ments, 107.Pringsheim, decomposition of car- bonic anhydride by chlorophyll, 685. P r i o r , E., estimation of the aciditr of malt, 87. P u c h o t, E., aldehyde resin, 1090. P u s c h e l . See Paal. Yukall, W., resorcinol-derivatives, 661. Pukall, W. See also Will. P u l v e r m acli er, G., homo-ortho- phthalimide, 111 1. P u r d i e , T., action of metallic alkyl- oxides on mixtures of ethereal salts with alrohols, TRANS. , 627. P u r g o t ti, A., tribromopbenol, 573. rine, 852. - 572. Q- Q u a n t i n , H., action of carbon tetra- chloride on chromyl dichloride and ferric phosphate, 330. - reduction of copper sulphate during alcoholic fermentation, 171. - Tunisian soils, 860. - volumetric determination of sul- phates, 181. Qu i n c k e, F., derivatives of acenaph- tliene, 503.INDEX OF AUTHORS.1183 Quinquaud. See GrBhant. R. Racin e, S., derivatives of orthdoluic - phthalddehydic acid, 951. R a d i g u e t . See Tommassi. Rammelsberg, C., crystalline sihco- carbonate fiwm soda liquors, 12. -- occasional products in the soda manufacture, 331. Ramsay, W., and 5. Young, con- tinuous transition from the liquid to the gaseous state a t all temperatuyes, 163. -- influence of change of con- dition from the liquid to the solid state on vapour-pressure, 430. -- nature of liquids, 100. -- nature of liquids as shown by a sludy of the thermal properties of stable and dissociable substances, 430. - -- thermal properties of ether, 320. - -- thermal properties of a mix- ture of ethyl alcohol and ethyl oxide, TRANS., 755. Ramsay, W.See also Reynolds. Ransom F., estimation of ipecacu- anha, 1147. Ransom, W. B., diabetes and glycerol, 985. Ranvier, L., per-ruthenic acid in his- tology, 1060. R a o u 1 t , E., vapour-tensions of ethereal solutions, 207. R a o u l t , F. M., influence of concentra- tion on the vapour-tension of ethereal solutions, 631. R s s e h en, J., indoles from tolylhydr- azine, 956. Raschig, F., compounds of gold and nitrogen, 112. - reaction of nitrous acid with sul- phurous acid, 549, 635. R a t h , (3. v., cristobalite from Mexico, 559. R a t h g e n , F. See Zincke. R a t h k e, B., melamines, 650. - thiamineline, 650. - triphenylthiammeline and a t.hird R a u l i n , estimation of nitrogen in Ranpenstrauck, G. A., condensation Rayman, B., action of arsenious sul- - cholesterin, 926.acid, 945. triphenylammeline, 662. organic substances, 862. of normal butaldehyde, 794. phide on acid chlorides, 950. VO L . Jd 1 I. Rapman, B., isodulcitol, 906. Itayman, B. Bee P r e i s . Reb uf # a t, O., phenylamidaaaetic acid Recoura. See Rerthelot. Reed, J. H., methylnapht haquinolines and P-naphkhacridine, 681. Reformatsky, A. See Dieff. Ref or m a t s k y, S., synthesis of diatomic monobasic acids, 717. Regel, C., oxidation of a- and @-hy- droxypiperic aoids, 488. Rego. See D e Rego. Reher, L., a- and y-ethylquinolines, 279. Reicher, L. T., velocity of sapn3ca- tion, 767. R e i d e m e i s t er, C., sodium calcium carbonate, 12. Reimarus, C., action of alkyl iodides on dibenzylthiocarbamide, 43. Reimer, C. L., and W. Will, consti- tuents of rape-seed oil, 1030.- erucic and brassic acids, 233. R e i n i t z e r , F., hydrocarrotene and carrotene, 265. Remsen, I., and W. S. Bayley, para- bromobenzoic sulphinicle, 145. Remsen, I., and W. H. Emerson, oxidation by means of pota,ssium per- manganate, 146. Remsen, I., and H. W. H i l l y e r , methods for determining the relative stability of alkyl bromides, 122. Remsen, I., and A. G. Palmer, ben- zoic sulphinide, l&. -- decomposition of diazo-com- pounds by alcohol ; paradiazotoluene- orthosulphonic acid, 136. - parethoxybenzoic sulphiniile, 144. Remsen, I., and C. 8. P a l m e r , ben- Renesd, A., action of heat on heptine, - estimation of indigo in textile - metallic propionates, 654. Rennie, E. H., colouring matler of Drosera Whittakeri, TRANS., 371.- phlorizin, TRANS, 634. R eychler, A., estimation of pressure in closed tubes, 1014. - preparation of phenylhydrazine, 1042. Reynolds, E. tT., composition of Prus- sian blue and Turnbull's blue, TRANS., 6 U . Reynolds, J. E., action of silicon tetrabromide on thiocarbamide, TRANS., 202. - new rhlorobromide of silicon, TRANS., 590. derivatives, 1108. zo~ltoluenesulplionsmide, 145. 565. fabrics, 871. 4 11184 INDEX OF Reynolds and W. Ramsay, equiva- lenk of zinc, TRANS., 854. R hods, (3.) action of aniline on a mix- ture of acetaldehyde and propdde- hyde, 974. R i c c i a r d i , L., composition of rocks and minerals from Vulture-Melfi, 1087. - composition of volcanic rocks, 1023. - origin of hydrogen chloride, sul- phurous anhydride, and iodine in the gases of volcanoes, 643.Richardson, A., action of heat on nitrogen peroxide, TRANS., 397. - action of light on the hgdrides of the halogens in presence of oxygen, TRANS., 801. Richardson, B. W., action of oxygen on animals, 855. Richardson, C., American barley, 616. - variations in the chemical compo- sition and physical properties OE American oats, 293. Richet, C. See H a n r i o t . Rich t e r, E., a- and ,t?-napht,henyl- R i d s d a l e , C. H. See Stead. Itiehm, P., condensation products of acetone and acetophenone with ani- line and ammonia, 599. Righi, A., conductivity of bismuth for heat in a magnetic field, 1009. Rimpau and others, basic slag and other phosphates as manure for moor- lands, 294. Ris, C. See Merz. Rischbieth, P., preparation of levu- linic acid, 799.RiviBre, C. See Chappuis. R o b e r t s, W., manurial experiments with various phosphates, 1137. Rockwood, E. W. See Atwater. Rodatz, P. See Stohmann. Roder, A., indoles from metahydr- Rohmann, F., importance of ammonia Romer, M., nitration of a-thiophenic Romer, M. See also Liebermann. Rose, B., analysis of fats, 621. Rossing, A. See Otto. Rolfe, (3. W. See Jackson. Romanis, R., certain products from - gold from Burmah, 221. Romburgh, P. v., decomposition of the nitrates of amines by heat, 230. -- dextrorotatory hexylic alcohol, 228. - isodinitrodimethylaniline, 245. amidoxime, 3’74. azinebenzoic acid, 150. for the formation of glycogen, 68. acid, 362. teak, TRANS., 868. IUTHORS. Romburgh, P. v., methylisopropyl- aoetic acid, 232. - water from the wells of Zemzem, 455.Rommier, A., wine and brandy from raspberries and strawberries, 292. Roozeboom, H. W. B., combination of ammonium bromide with ammonia, 631. - conditione of equilibrium of two substaiices in the solid, liquid, and gaseous states, 629. - new hydra&e of hydrobromic acid, HBr,H,O, 631. - t!he hydrate HBr,2H20, 630. -thermal study of hydrobromic acid solutions and hydrate, 628. Rosen, H. v. See D r a g e n d o r f f . Rosenberg, J. See Lunge. Rosenbladt, T., determination of boric acid, 299. - double nitrites of csesium and rubidium, 12. - Reparation of mercury from palla- dium, 302. - solubility of some gold compounds, 16. Rosenfeld, M., lecture experiment: electrolysis of hydrochloric acid, 633. Rosenhek, J. See E r l e n m e y e r .R o s er, W., preparation of paradinitro- - synthesis of indonaphthene-deriva- R o s e r,W., and E. H a s e 1 off, isomerism R o t h , C. F. See Ladenburg. Rousseau, G., formation of manganitss - potassium manganites, 892. Rowland, H. A., water battery, 412. Roy, P. C., conjugated sulphates and isomorphous mixtures of the copper- magnesium group, PBOC., 53. Roy er. See Le Royer. Rucker, A. W. See Thorpe. R u d o r f f , F., compound of arsenious oxide with halogen salts, 107. Riigheimer, L., practical thermo- regulator, 698. Riigheimer, L., and C. (3. Schramm, quinoline-derivatives, 738. R u f f i, H., normal propylthiophen-de- rivatives : glyoxylic acids of the thio- phen series, 804. Ruhemann, S., formation of pyridine- deriratives from citric acid : constitu- tion of pyridine, TRANS., 403.Ruhemann, S., and S. gkinner, anacardic acid, TRANS., 663. Ryder, J. P. See Michael. dibenzyl, 836. tives, 729, 836. in the cinnamic acid series, 830. from permanganates, 552.INDEX OF AUTHORS. 1185 S. Sabatier, P., hydrochloride of ferric Sachs. J. v.. chlorosis in dants. '76. chloride, 894. , , Saglier, A., ammonium &pper'iodides, 772. S a i n t Gilles. See D e S a i n t Gilles. Salfeld. See F i t t b o g e n . Salkowski, E., isethionic acid in the body, and thiosulphuric acid in the urine, 68. S alornon, G., xanthine-derivatives in urine, 739. Salomon, O., +-meconine, 585. Salomonowitsch, 8. See Dragen- d o r f f . Salzer, T., detection of thiosulphate in sodium hydrogen carbonate, 79. L_ volumetric estimation of iodine, 862.Salzer, T. See also Brenstein. Salzmann, S., anilic acids, 926. Samuelson, estimation of glycerol in - detection of arti6cial colouring in Sanborn, J. W., animal nutrition, S a n d b e r ger, F., graphite from Ceylon, - investigations on ore-veins, 224. - occurrence of iodine in phosphorites and of lithium in psilomelane, 222. - percylite, caracolite, and phosgenite from Chili, 902. Sandmeyer, T., action of ethyl imido- carbonate on aromatic ortho-com- pouuds, 135. - action of nitrous acid on acetone, 568. - substitution of the amido- by the nitro-group in aromatic compounds, 720. S au e r, A., amorphous carbon (graphi- to'id) in the Saxon Erzgebirge, 341. Saul, J. E., test for tannic acid, M6. Saytzeff, A. See Barataeff, Us- t i nof f. Saytzeff, A. C. and M., hydroxy- stearic acids of different series, 30.Scacchi, E., altered cordierite from Tuscany, 1086. - minerals from Vesuvius, 17. Scala, A., propylxanthic acid, 800. Scala, A. See also Nasini. 8 c hiif er, L., estimation of cinchon- Schiir, E., cubebin, 970. S c h a r t l e r , L., diastase, 1117. Schall, C., demonstration of Avogadro's wine, 86. red wine, 187. 856. 901. idine in quinine sulphate, 623. hypothesis, 698. S c h all, C., determination of vapour- densities, 695. - determination of the vapour-den- sity of high boiling substances under reduced pressure, 882. - lecture experiment : specific heat of zinc, 634. .- vapour-density apparatus, 882. Schatz ky, E., diallyloxalic acid, 361. - preparation of ethyl acetate, 360. S c h e i b 1 e r, A., determination of water in the hydrates of itrontium oxide, 217.- separation and estimation of meli- tose in cane-sugar, 306. Schertel, A. See Stelzner. S c h e s t o p al, C., tetrsmethyldiquinol- yline from benzidine, 1120. Schestopal, C. See also Engler. S c h i f f, H., furfuraldehyde, 571. S c hif f, R., demonstration of the CO- efficient of expansion as a lecture experiment, 1013. - heat of evaporation of homologous carbon compounds, 9. - specific heats of homologous series of liquid organic compounds, 6. Schilbach, C., berberine salts, 604. Schilbach, C. See alvo Schmidt. Schlarb. See Claus. Schlaugk, M. See Durkopf. Ychleich. See Lellmann. Schlickum, O., estimation of mor- phine, 622. - testing quinine sulphate, 623. S c h l i e p e r, A., indoles from the naph- thylhydrazines, 153, 963.S c h l u t t i g , E., imperfectly known silicates, 784. Schmidt, E., and C. Schilbach, ac- tion of potassium permanganate on berberine, 604. Schmidt, F. See Michaelis. Schmidt, G. See Gattermann and S c h m i d t , M. v., and F. E r b a n , sepa- Schmidt, 0. See Claus. Schmidt, R. E., compoeition of lac- Schmidt, T., comparative sweetness of Schmieder. See Kaiser. S c h m i t t , R., and F. Engelmann, Pampel. ration of resins, 406. dye, 7'34. cane- and starch-sugar, 1026. orthohydroxy quinolinecarboxylic acid, 738. Schnapauff, E., cumidic acids, 52. S c h n e i d e r , C. W. T. See Paal. Schneider, E. A.. action of sulphuric acid on hydradinetoluene sulphonic acids, 146. - compound of manganese sesqui- oxide with copper oxide, 1081. 4 1 21186 INDEX OF AUTHORS.Schneidei*, E. A., Feparstion of the two isomeric toluidinesulphonic acids, 146. Schneider, L., determination of phos- phrous in iron and steel, 527. S c h n e i d e r , R., behaviour of iodine to realgar and arsenic iodosulphide, 213. S c h n e 11, A., metanitromethylsdicyl- aldehyde and its derivatives, 140. S c h n i t e r, K., isomeric chloro- and bronio-thymoquinones, 720. - preparation of quinoncs. Ralogen- derivatires of toluquinone, 1036. S c h n i t e r , I(. Schoch, R. See Lunge. Sch offel, R., and E. Donath, volu- metric determination of manganese, 399. Schoeller, R., river waters of La Plata, 786. S c hoop, P., preparation of dimethyl- aniline, 474. Schoop, P. See also Loebisch. Schott#en, C., bile acids, 606. S c h o t t l a n d e r , P., crystalline form of Schramm, 0.Q-. See Riigheimer. Schramm, J., infiuence of light on the action of halogens on aromatic com- pounds, 807. Sch r a u f , A., molecule of crystalline benzene, 922. 8 c h r od t, M., presence of nitrites and nitrates in milk as proof of adultera- tion, 87. See also Hantzsch. potassium aurobromide, 10’79. S c h u b e r t , 5. See Honig. Schiirman. See S e u b e r t . S c h u l t e i m Hof, J. A. Schiiltess, W. See Goldschmidt. Schultz, G. See Bender. S c h u lz e, B., determination of fatty - silage of maize, 521. - silage of vegetable matter, 521. Schulze, C. R., amount of water of crystallisation contained in some salts, 766. Sclrulze,E., are nitrates formed in the organisms of higher plants? 859. - presence of choline in germinating plants, 747.Schulze, E., and E. Nageli, phenyl- amidopropionic acid obtained from the decomposit,ion of prote’ids, 369. Schulze, E., and E. Steiger, para- gdactin, 460. Schulze, I(. E., constitutents of coal- tar, 471. Schumann, M., compressibility of aqueous chloride solutions, 696. S c h u n c k, E., chlorophyll, 972. See Claus. acids in soap, 307. Schwalb, F., non-acid constituents of Schweitzer, IT. See B e r n t h s e n . Scovell, M. A., and A. E. Menke, Seegen, J., power of (he liver to form - sugar in Che blood with reference S e e lig, E., chlorination of toluene, Seidler, P. See Liebermann. Selden, C. C. See Anschiitz. Seliwanoff, T., reaction for fruit Sell, W. J., volumetric determination Semmler,F. W.,ethereal oil of Allium Semper, A.See B e r n t h s e n . Senderens, J. B., action of metals on dilute solutions of silver nitrate, 550. - action of non-metals on solutions of silver and copper nitrates, 331. - action of sulphur on ammonia and metallic bases in presence of water, 327. Senf, A., cyananiline, cyanphenyl- hydrazine, &c., 928. S e u b e r t, K., chlorostannic acid, 554. - manganese benzoate, 582. Seubert, and Schiirmann, bromo- stannic acid, 554. Seyberlich, A., and H. Trarn- p e d a c h, saccharification of starch by nitric acid, 792. S e y f f e r t h, E., derivatives of picolinic and nicotinic acids, 157. Shand, A., electrolysis of copper and zinc, 1000. S h a p i r o f f , B. M., physiological action of tertiary alcohols, 857. S h a w, W. N., atomic weights of silver and copper, 444.Shenstone, W. A., safetytaps, PROC., 108. S h e n s t o n e , W. A., and J. T . Cun- d a l l , ozone from pure oxygen : its production and its action on mercury, with a note on the silent discharge of electricity, TRANS., 610. -- volumetric relations of ozone and oxygen, TRANS., 625. Shimer, P. W., titatium carbide in pig irm, ’703. Short, F. G., analysis of milk,751. S h o r t , F. a. S i d e r s k y, apparatus for determining carbonic anhydride in carbonates, 999. beeswax, 124. composition of potatoes, 7’47. sugar from fat, 67. to nutrition, 66. 362. sugar, 459. of chromium, 303. ursilztcm, 1OS9. See also Armsby. Sieber, H. See Bischoff. Sieber, N., and A. Smirnow, beha-INDEX 01 viour of the three isomeric nitro- benzaldehydes in the animal organism, 684.Sievert, M., manuring rye with basic slag, &c., 294. Silber, P. See Uiamician. Simmons, W., ennrgiie from Mon- tana, 707. S j ogre n, A., place of spodiosite in Lhe mineral system, 346. - sarkinlte, a new manganese arsen- ate, 346. S k a1 w e I t, estimation of glycerol in wine and beer, 306. S k a 1 w e i t , J., buttrer testing, 308. S k inner, S., phosphmium chloride, S k i n n e r , 5. See also Ruhemann. S k r a u p , Z. H., coizstitntion of cin- chonine, 164. Skraup, Z. H., and P. B r u n n e r , melaquisiolinecarboxylic acid, 160. S 1 e e n b u c h, C., constant gas generator, 634. Smirnow, A. See Sieber. Smith, W., and W. B. H a r t , sodium carbonate, 330. Smith, W. B., crystal beds of Topaz Butte, 4.32. Smolka, A., action of bromine on carb- amicle, 656.- action of potassium permanganate on dextrose in neutral solution, 566. Soh n lie, J., behaviour of‘ micro-organ- isms in artificial mineral water, 393. Solereder, H. See Kruss. Soltsien. P., essential oils, 375. 8onnenschein, A., eatimation of acetic acid in aceiates by direct titration, 869. 882. Spady, J. See Markownikoff. Sperry, B. 8. S pe z i a, G., flexibility of il acolumite, 21. Spica, U. See Cauzoneri. S pica, M., derivatives OP isopropyl- - naphthoxgacetic acids, 495. Spies, ivl., and a. de Varda, deriva- tives of’ isopropyl chlorocarbonate, 1068. Spiegel, L., determination of nitrates in we11 waters, 691. S p r i n g , W., i~fluence of temperature on the rate of action of certain acids on marble, 8% dee Penf ield. forrnamide, 1028.- tbe periodic law, 211. - reaction between barium carbonate and sodium sulphaie under the influ- ence of pressure, 332. S p r i n g , W., and E.van Aubel, action of a&& on zinc containing lead, 1074. AUTHORS. 11S7 Spuller, J. See Kalmann. S r p e k, J. O., action ol furfuraldehyde S taats, G., photochemical properties of S t a d e 1 m a n n, E., hydroxybutyric acid S t a hl, W., analysis of copper, 529. - celestine in Xautilus aratus, 781. Stanley, A., sodium dichromate, 110. Stead, J. E.: and C. H. Ridsclnle, crystals in basic converLer slag, TBA~VS., 601. on quinaldine, 976. silver chloride, 1071. in diabetic urine, 464. Steche, A. See F i s c h e r . Stefan, J.. relation between the theories of capillarity and of evaporation, 363. Steger, V., prophyry from Horka in Prussia, 223.S teiger, E. See Schulze. Steiner, A. See B i l l e t e r . Steinmann, T. See Nietzki. Stelzner, A., and A. Schertel, black zinc blende of Freiberg, 451. S tenger, F., absorption-bands of chloro- phyll, 693. S t e p h an, R., amido-acids, 142. 8 tern, H., origin of the bile colouring Stiebel, A. See Claus. Stilwell, C. M., o ium analysis, 403. Stingl, J. See d o r a w s k i . S tockmann, R., amorphous cocalne, S t oe h r, C., skatole from strychnine, - strychnine, 604. Stossner, E., effects of deepor shallow sowing on cereals, 747. Stohmann, F., heats of combustion of organic compounds, 878. - heats of combustion of organic compounds as determined by different methods, 1011. - Thornsen’s investigations, 425. Stohmann, F., P. Rodatz, and W.H e r z berg,heat equivalentsof benzoyl compounds, 878. --- heat equivalents of ethers of the phenol series, 428. --- heat equivalent8 of the homologues of benzene, 427. --- heat of combustion and formation of homologous phenols, 98. Stokes, H. N., and IF. v. Pechmann, action of ammonia on ethyl acetone- dicarboxylate : synthesis of pyridine- derivatives, 155. S t o I b a, F., action of hydrochloric acid on sphalerite, 442. - determination of calcium and mag- nesium in presence of mangiinesu, 865. matters, 290. 9so. 682.1188 INDEX OF AUTHORS. S t o 1 t e, H., phenyl seleniocarbimide and diphenyl seleniocarbamide, 43. Storch, A. See Gintl. S t r a c c i a t i , E. See Bartoli. S t r a u s , J. See Goldschmidt. S t r e a t f e i l d , F. W. See Meldola. S t r ei n z, P., galvanic polarisation of aluminium, 415.S t r i c k , G. H., estimation of silicon in iron, 527. S t r o h e c k er, J. R., ceriferous Hain- stadt clays, 119. Stromeyer, W., sugar compounds, 791. S t r o u m b 0, production of white light by mixing the colours of the spectrum, 1. S t r i i v e r , G., volcanic fragments from the Lake of Bracciano, 21. S t u d e r . See Liebmann. 8 t u t z er, A., analysis of nitrogenous metabolites in faxes, 613. - artificial digestion, 388. - Chili saltpetre as manure, 77. - relation of prote’ids to digestive Stylos, M. See Claisen. S u l k ow s k i, J., oximes of paraxyloqui- - quinone oximes, 41. Sundell, A. F., spectrum analysis, ferments, 1129. none, 667. 1066. T. T a e ge, C., nitrosalicaldehydc and nitro- T a f el, J., y-amidovaleric acid, G3.- furfurylaiine, 470. - reduction of dihydroxytartaric acid Tafel, J. See also Fischer. T a n r e t , C., action of hydrogen on nitro-derivatives of terebenthene, 675. - nitrogen-derivatives of tereben- thene, 595. Tappeiner, H., fermentation of cellu- lose, 1131. Tassinari, G., action of sulphur di- chloride on phenol, 807. Teall, J. J. H., andesine from Suther- landshire, 1022. - augite from the Whin Sill, 1022. - plagioclase from the Tynemouth Teed, F. L., potassium chlorate and T h i el, H., experiments with ensilage coumarin, 939. diphenylhydrazide, 467. dyke, 584. perchlorate, TRANS., 283. in Holland, 1062. T h i e r f e l d e r , H., glycuronic acid, 235, 717. Thilo, E., estimation of phosphoric acid from the weight of the molyb- date precipitate, 526.- estimation of small quantities of silver in burnt pjyites, 79. Thomas, H., estimation of hydrogen peroxide, 862. Thompson, C. See W r i g h t . Thompson, F. A., alkalo’ids of gelse- minum root, 981. T h o m s, H., ammonio-zinc chlorides, 551. Thomsen, J., avidity-formula, 633. - constitution of benzene, 362. - heats of combustion of organic substances, 761. - supposed influence of multiple bonds of union on the molecular re- fraction of the hydrocarbons, 198. Thomsen, T., conditions of equi- librium in aqueous solutions : action of aqueous soda on some normal sodium salts, 4420. Thomson, A. See Carnelley. Thomson, J. J., dissociation of some gases by the electric discharge, 1013. Thomson, J. J., and R. T h r e l f a l l , passage of electric discharges through pure nitrogen, 328.-- production of ozone, 327. Thomson, R. T., determination of aluminium in presence of much iron, 182. - estimation of alumina and iron oxide in manures, 302. Thomson, W., Adams’ method for milk analysis, 186. Thorpe, T. E., and T. H. G r e e n a l l , on morindin and morindon,TRANs., 52. Thorpe, T. E., and A. P. L a u r i e , atomic weight of gold, TRANS., 565, 868. Thorpe,T. E., and A. W. Rucker, relation between the critical tempera- tures of substances and their thermal expansion as liquids, 429. Thorpe, T. E., and J. W. Young, atomic weight of silicon, TRANS., 576. T h r e l f a l l , R., specific heats of the vapours of acetic acid and nitrogen tetroxide, 429. T h r e l f a l l , R. See also Thomson.T h u m m e 1, K., behaviour of mercuric chloride with hydrogen ammonium carbonate, W4. Tiesenhausen, H. See Dragen- dorfP. Tilden, W. A., inffuence of tempem- ture on the dissolution of salts in water, PROC., 66.INDEX O F AUTHORS. 1189 Tollens, B., behaviour of sugar to- wards acids and phenol, 534. Tollens, B. See also Block, Hae- dicke. Tomlinson, C., cohesion and submer- sion figures, 200. Tommasi, D., and R a d i g u e t , electric couple with carbon elements, 756. T on y - G a r c i n, detection of cane-sugar, glucose, and dextrin in wines, 692. Topf, G., iodometric studies, 688, 997. T o r t e l l i , M., synthesis of metaquino- linecarboxylic acid, 503. T r a i n e r , E. See Claus. Trampedach, H. See Seyberlich. T r a u b e, H., laubanite : laumontite, T r a u b e, J ., capillary constants and the - welght of drops, and their relation Trescot, T.C. See Crttmpton. Trey, H., influence of some normal salts on the hydrolysis of methyl acetate, 102. Troost, L., and L. Ouvrerd, thorium silicates, 1016. -- thorium, sodium, and zirco- nium sodium phosphates, 1017. Troschke, composition of lupines, 518. Trowbridge, J., and C. C. H u t c h i n a , exiatence of carbon in the sun, 1065. -- oxygen in the sun, 1065. T r u h la r, J., thioparatoluidine, 472. T B c h a c he r, O., condensation of nitro- benzaldehyde with hydrocarbons, &. Tschermak, G., scapolite series, 560. Tschermak, G. See also Ludwig. T s c 11 i r c h, A., aleurone-grains in the seeds of Myristica surinamensis, 1061. 903. meniscus angle, 101.to capillarity, 210. - chlorophyll, 1116. T u r n e r , T., estimation of silica in iron and steel, 1140. - influence of silicon on the proper- ties of iron and steel. T u s t, P., tetrachlorobenzoic acid, 1046. TRANS., 129. U. Udrhnsky, L. v., urinary pigments, Ulsch, K., Kjeldahl’s method for esti- Ulzer, F. See B e n e d i k t . Urban, C., 1, 3 naphthylenediamine, 674. Urech, F., influence of temperature on the rate of inversion of cane-sugar, 768. 1133. mating nitrogen, 863. Urech, E., velocity of chcmical re- Us tinoff, D., @Gmethacrylic wid, Ustinoff, D., and A. Saytzeff, di- actions, 697. 359. prop71 carbinol, 353. V. V a l e n tini, A., lecture experiments, - methyl methyldibromoparacouma- Valeur, F. See L a Costr?. Vallin, K., metatoluenesulphonic acid, V a n Aubel, E.See Spring. Van Bemmelen, J. M., recent al!u- vial deposits in the Ij and Zuyvder Zee, 224. 442. rate, 488. 263. Van’Dorp, W. A. See Hoogewerf. Van Loo, H. See Fischer. Van Niiys, T. C., estimation of car- bonic anhydride in air, 300. VanNiiys, T. C., and B. F. Adams, carbonic anhydride in the air, 549. Varda. See D e Varda. V a r e t , R., and G. Vienne, action of acetylene on benzene in presence of aluminium chloride, 806. V a r n h o l t , L., chlorosalicylic acids, 945. Venator, W., and E. Etienne, analy- sis of chrome iron ore, 532. Verneuil, A., phosphorescence of cal- cium sulphide, 539. - preparation of calcium sulphide with a violet phosphorescence, 2. Verneuil. See also Fremy. V e s t e r b e r g, A., amyrin, 733. Vienne, G. See Varet. Vie t h, P., alcoholic fermentation of milk-sugar, 1090. Vignal, W., action on food-stuffs of micro-organisms from the mouth and from faxes, 1059.Ville, J., action of cyanamide on ben- zenesulphonic acids, 833. Villiers, A., barium phosphates, 701. - detection of sulphites in presence Villon, new method for the estimation Vincent, C., and Delachanal, car- PI_ tannic acid in mouutain-ash Vincenzi, L., chemical constituents of V i o l 1 e, J., comparative radiation of of thiosulphates, 749. of tannin, 872. bohydrates from acorns, 909. berries, 950. bacteria, 393.1190 INDEX OF’ AUTEORS. fused platinum and fused silver, 1010. V o 1 k er, O., determination oE hippuiic acid in urine, 535 and 1001. Vogdt, C. v., diabase-porphy~ite from Petrosawodsk, 454. Vogel, A., in0uence of ozone on germi- nation, 516.Voigt, I(. See Otto. Voiry, R. See Bouchardat. Volpert, F., gluconic acids, 127. Vorwerk, P., determination of phos- phorus in iron and steel, 299. V r i j . See De Y r i j . V u 1 p i us, Gt., estimation of quinine sulphate, 404. - morphine reaction , 870. W. Waage, R., composition of some bgu- minous seeds, 991. Wachsmuth, O.,estimntionof tin and lead in alloys, 304. Waddell, J., atomic weight of twig- sten, 111. Wagner, H., oxidation of santonin, 733. Wagner, P., manurial value of basic slag, 525. Wagnei*, P. See also F i s c h e r . Wakeman, A. J., and H. L. Wells, basic lead nitrates, 1080. Walder, F., benzyl - derivatives of hydroxylamine, 246, 813. Walker, C. See Noyes. Wallace, 5. See Cornwall. Wallach, O., azo- and diazo-com- - carbohydrates, 26.- diazo- ttnd diazoamido-compounds, 137. - preparation of organic fluorides, 130. - terpenes and ethereal oils, 595, 965. W a l l a c h , O., and F. Lehmsnn, action of phosphorus pentachloride on substituted formamides a d on piper- idine-derivatives, 3%. W a1 t er, J., apparatus for chemical laboratories, 105. Wanklyn, 5. A., occurrence of free iodine in a mineral water, 28 1. - specific gravity of lime water, 700. W ar d en, C. J. H., cobra poibon, 170. Wariiigton, R., distiibution of the nitrifying organism in the soil, TRANS., 118. - nature of the nitrogenous organic matter OP soils, 523. pounds, 40. Warington, R., study of well waters, W a r r e n , IF. N., action of nitrogen on certain metals, 702. - decomposition of ammonium chlo- ride by an alloy of zinc and iron, 443.- ferric chloride as an exciting agent for voltaic batteries, 413. - nitrogen fluoride, 770. - phosphsrised silver, 1079. - preparation of anhydrous metallic - thallium in platinum, 702. - use of electro-dissolution in analy- sis, 531. -- volatile hydroeazbom in oommer- cia1 alcohols, 1088. Warren, T. T. P. B., detection of adulteration in metallic nickel and other metals by the magnet, 531. - metallic manganese, 1081. - mpour-density appartttus, 695. Warrington,A. W. See Meyer. W a r t h a , V., minerals of the serpen- W a t t s, P., fermentation of citric acid, - titration of citric acid, 307. Weber, C. L., conductivity of amal- Weber, E., ethereal oils, 596. TBANS., 500. chlorides, 708. ‘’ zinc-eisen,” 550. - tine-chlorite-group, 783.235. gams, 757. W e ber, J., pyridinepolycarboxglic acids, 1117. W e b e r, R., combinations of sulph uric anhydride with phosphoric and iodic anhydrides, 328. - compounds of selenious and avse- nious anhydrides with sulphuric anhy- dride, 212. Wed d i g e, A., derivatives of aceLy1- orthamidobenzamide, 104 3. Weddige, A., and H. Finger, action of nitrous acid on orthamidobenz- amide, 667. Wedding, estimation of phoophorus in iron, 865. Wehsarg, I(. See v. Pechmann. W ei bull, M., crystallived compounds of zirconium, 778. -- galenobismuthite €rom the Balun mine, 343. - manganese apatite : composition of apatite, 781. W eidel, H., reactions of quinoline, 847. Weidel, H., and J. Wilhelm, oxi- dation products of 2‘ : 2’ diquinoline, 979. Weil, F., estimation of sulphides, 998.- titration of zinc powder, 1OOO. - valuation of zinc-dust, 301.INDEX OF Weil, F., volumetric estimation of sul- pvdes, 618. Weilancit, M., free phosphoric acid and superphosphate, 995. Weinreich. S., mono-and di-hydroxy- toluic acids, 669. W e i s k e, IF., and others, composition of blood, liver, and flesh under vary- ing conditions, 855. Weiss, A., fluorescence of the pig- ments of fungi, 3 I 4. Weitz, L. See Michaelis. Welch, J. C., assay of iron pyrites for Weller, A., occurrence of alkttloId-like Weller, A. See also Koerner. W e l l e r , J., xylgl phosphorous com- Wells, H. L., basic zinc and cadmium Wells. See also Wskeman. W e n d e, H., cresolcarboxglic acid, 45. - trimethylanthragallol, 593. Weiise, W. See Liebermann.W e n z i n g, M., methylindoles, 937. Werner, E. A., chrom-organic acids, Werner. See Claus. W e r n e r , E See Gal. W e r t h . See Osmond. Westmoreland, J. W., determination and valuation ot copper in ores, &c., 80. Weyl, T., chemical studies on Lhe torpedo, 1188. Wheeler, H. A., artificial lead silicate from Bonne Terre, Montana, 109. W h i t f i e l d , J. E., indirect determina- tion of chlorine, bromine, and iodine, 525. W idmann, O.,constitutionof glycouril, 34. _I intramolecular changes in the propyl group of the ciimsne series, 136. - reciprocal transformations of cy- mene and cumene derivatives, 132. W i e r n i k , J. SeeHeumann. Wilhelm, J. See Weidel. Will, W., naringin, 497. - sugars from heaperidin and nariii- Will, W., and W. Pukall, resorcinol- Will, W. See also Freuncl, Reimer.W i l l g e r o d t , U., acids from acetone- chloroform, 1030. - action of yellow ammonium sul- phide on ketones and quiuones, 1046. - halogen benzene haloi'ds : a-tri- chlorobenxene hexachlori~le, 806. - halogen carriers, 130, 336. avaihble sulphur, 180. bases in pam5n oil, 979. pounds, 824. nitrates, 1080. TSANS., 383. gin, 715. derivatives, 660. AUTHORS. 1191 Willgerod t, C., halogen carriers im the natural groups of the elements, 806. - indium and gallium as halogen carriers, 326. Willgerodt, C., and F. Durr, tertiary trichlorobutyl chloride and ether, 670. W i l l i a m s , H. J. See N o r t o n . W i l l i a m s , J., preparation of aeonithe, Williamson, S. See Armstrong. Willm, E., sulyhuretted waters of Wilsing, H., volumetric estimation of Wimmer, H.See Fischer. Wing, J.F. See Jackson. Winkelmann, A., relhion of the con- ductive capacity of g;ues to tempera- ture, 5. Winkler, C., germanium, 1081. - preparation of chloiiiie from W i p p r e c h t , W., absorption of ammo- W i r t z , Q. See Anschutz. Wislicenus, J., chloro-derivatives of Wislicenus, W., action of phenyl- - combination of lactones with - ethyl oxalacetate, 2341. -- synthesis of ethyl sahs of ketonic acids, 557. W i t t , 0. N., action of ethyl aceto- acetate on aromatic diamines, 247. - azonium bases, 729. - constitution of isomcric tolonaph- - constitution of the sui'ranjnes, 250. -- eurhodines, and Luurent's uill)h- - induline OF asopheuine, S21. - man ufttcture of a-rraphlhylamine, - new method of preparing axines, - qualitative teds for Lhe dyes found W i t t , 0.N. See also B r u n n e r , Wohrle, E. See Engler. W o h 1, A., thic,foi*nialdehyde-deriva- tives, 27. W o hlbi iic k, O., action of sodium on the ethyl salls of the higher fatty acids, 1099. W o h l b ruck, 0. See also H an t z sc h. Wol ff, L., @-bromovaleric acid, 464. W o l f f e n s t e i n , R , action of phos- phorus pentachloride on a-hydroxy- naphthoic acid, 963. 1125. Olette, '710. sulphuric acid, 181. bleaching powder, 442. nia by clay, 1136. crotonic acid, 655. hydrtwine on laetones, 459. etbeyeal salts, 952. thltzines, 591. thase, 153. 1048. 590. in commerce, 91. JA i e b e r m a n n.1192 INDEX OF AUTHORS. Woll, F. W. A., butter analysis, 309. W o 11 n y, E., decomposition of organic matter in soils, 523.- influence of the physical properties of a soil on the amount of free car- bonic anhydride present, 521. Wol pe, hydroxybutyric acid in diabetic urine, 857. Wooldridge, L. C., new constituent of blood-serum, 983. W r i g h t , C. R. A.,and C. Thompson, development of voltaic electricity by atmospheric oxidation, 1008. -- new class of voltaic combina- tions in which oxidisable metals are replaced by alterable solutions, TRANS., 672. W r i g h t , L. T., analysis of gas-coal, 84. Wrightson, J., and J. M. H. Munro, manurial value of basic steel slag, 176. W r o b 1 e w s k i, S. v., isopycnics, 432. Wiilfing, A., separation of ortho- and W u r s t e r, C., action of oxidising agents - active oxygen in the atmosphere, - behaviour of hydrogen peroxide to __.behaviour of sodium nitrite towards - formation of active oxygen in - Griess' reaction for nitrous acid, __. oxidation in the animal body, 610. - quantitative estimation of wood in - reagents for active oxygen, 295. Wynne, W. P. See Armstrong. para- toluidine, 576. on albumin, 683. 211. albumin, 607. albumin and hemoglobin, 683. paper, 211. 298. paper, 620. Y. Yoshida, H., aluminium in the ashes Young, J., pectolite from Kilsyth, 645. Young, J. W. See Thorpe. Young, S. See Ramsay. Young, W. C., the logwood test for alum in bread, 1143. of flowering plants, TRANS., 748. Z. Zaaijer. See D e Z a a i j e r . Zambelli, L., colorimetric determina- tion of nitrites in water, 533. Zambelli and Luzzato, separation of Zeckendorf, A. See Hantzsch. Z e h e n t e r, J., bromine-derivatives of Zehnder, L., determination of the sp.Z e i s e 1, S., colchicine, 284. Zelinsky, N., action of dehydrating agents on benzylideneacetoxime, 666. - ethyl phthalate chloride, 669. - preparation of ethyl a-bromopro-* - thiophen group, 921. Zepharovitch, V. v., pyroxene: scheelite, 902. - trona, idrialite, and zinc bloom, 1021. Zglenitzkij, W. K., epsomite from Poland, 1021. Z i e g 1 e r, J. H., roshydrazine and a new clase of dyea, 822. - tetramethylamidobenzophenone, 674. Ziegler, J. H., and M. Locher, con- densation products of secondar-y hy- drazines with dihydroxytartaric acid, 5 79. -- the tartrazines: a new class of dyes, 578. Zimmermann, J. See C!aus,Denn- s t e d t . Zincke, T., action of chlorine on phenols, 960.- conversion of 8-naphthaquinone into indonaphthene-deri-ratives, i 2 8 . - derivatives of orthobenzoquinone, 808. - hydrocarbon, Cl6HI2, from styrolene alcohol, 959, - P-naphthaquinone, 53. Zincke, T., and C. Frolich, halogen- derivatives of phenylenedichloracetyl- ene ketone, 955. Zincke, T., and C. Gterland, action of bromine on diamido-a-naphthol, 838. Zincke, T., and A. T. Lawson, azo- derivatives of phenyl- B - naphthyl- amine, 730. - - orthamidoazo- and hydr- azindo-derivatives, '731. Zincke, T., and F. Rathgen, benzene- and toluene azonaphthols and their isomeric hydrazine-derivatives, 54. Zuber, R., eruptive rocks from Krzeszowice, near Cracow, 563. Ziircher, H. See Hantzsch. arsenic and antimony, 78. resorcinol, 924. gr. of soluble substances, 9. pionate, 912.INDEX OF AUTHORS’ NAMES.A B S T R A C T S .1087.And also to Transactions, 1887 (marked TRANS.) ; and t o such papersas appeared in Abstract of Proceedings but not in Transactions(marked PROC.).A.A dam, P., diphenyl-derivatives, 589.Adams, B. F.Adie, R. H. See Muir.A d r i a n iind E. Gallois, assay ofAgostini, C., detection of dextrose,A hr e n s, F., octylbenzene, 133. - sparte’ine, 1056.Aitken, basic cinder and other finely- experiments on potatoes a t Hare-- ground felspar as a potash manure,996.A l l a r y , E., regeneration of acid resi-dues in the manufacture of guncotton,770.Allen, A. H., assay of carbolic aoaps,185.7 detection of hop substitutes inbeer, 114.6. - examining fixed oils, 88. - Reichert’s distillation process,- saponification of fixed oils, 186.- specific gravity, &c., of waxes, &c.,186.Allen, A. H., and W. Chattaway,Adam’s method for milk analysis, 186.Alling, A. N., topaz from ThomasRange, Utah, 453.Alm6n, A., detection of mercury inorgauic liquids, 302.Alt, H. See Lellmann.A1 t a r , S., oxidation of symmetricaltiialkylpyridines, 378.Alvarez, E., microbe of the indigofermentation, 1061.VOL. LII.See Van Nuys.opium, 622.534.ground phosphatic manures, 995.law, 992.1145.Aniagat, E. H., expansion and com-pressibility of water, 695. - solidification of liquids by preesure,1013.Am t h o r, C., Danneborg’s hsemichcrystals, 408.Andouard, A., incompatibility ofnitrates and superphosphates, 617. - variations in the proportion ofphosphoric acid in milk, 856.Andr6, Q-., action of lead oxide onsoluble chlorides, 446.- actiori oE mercuric oxide on dis-solved chlorides, 447. - ammoniacal compounds of cad-miurn chloride, 637. - ammoniacal compounds of cad-mium sulphate and nitrate, 638.d n d r 6 . See B e r t h e l o t .Annabeim, J., substituted naph-thylenediamines, 839.Anraeff, 4. N., behaviour of quinolwith urine and urea, 514.Anschutz, R., aluminium chloridereaction, 150. - isomerism of fumaric and male’icacids, 916.Anschutz, R., and W. Berns, phenyl-acetic acid and deqoxybenzoins, 829.Anschutz, R., and W. 0. Emery,action of phoaphorous chloride onsalicylic acid and phenol, 946.Anschutz, R,, and A. R. Haslam,action of phosphoric chloride onchloralide, 915.Anschhtz, R., and G.D. Moore,action of phosphoric chloride onmeta- and para-hydroxybefizoic acids,947.-- action of phosphoric chlorideon aalicylic acid, 947.41152 INDEX OF 4UTHORS.Anschiitz, R., and C. C. Selden,Glaser's monobromocinnamic acids,829.Anschutz, R., and Q. W i r t z , ani-lides of fumaric and malei'c acids:phenylaspartic acid, 934.d n s d e l l , G., and J. Dewar, gaseousconstituents of meteorites, 351.A n t r i c k , O., optical behaviour ofcocai'ne, 506.A PC h b u t t, L.. analvsis of oils, 402.A r h e id t, R., *diph&ylenedihydruzine,958.A r l o i n g , S., zymotic virus and ferma-tation, 292.Armsby, H. P., and F. G. S h o r t ,apparatus for nitrogen determination,298.Armstrong, H.E., determination ofthe constitution of carbon compoundsfrom thermochemical data, 420. - explanation of the laws whichgovern substitution in the case ofbenzenoid compounds, TRANS., 258,583. - influence of liquid water in pro-moting the interaction of hydrogenchloride and oxygen on exposure tolight, TRANS., 806.Armstrong, H. E., and S. W i l l i a m -a on, or-cyanonaphthalenesulphonicacid, PROC., 43.A r m s t r o n g , H. E., and W. P.Wg n ne, formation of y-napht,halene-sulphonic acid : y-dihydroxynaph-thalene, PROC., 42.-- - sulphonic acids derived fromthe 8-monhaloPd derivatives of naph-thalene, PROC., 22.Arnaud, A., carrotene in leaves, 859.Arnhold, M., triethyl formate andvarious methylals, 911.Arnold, C., Kjeldahl's method ofestimating nitrogen, 78.Arnschink, L., nutritive value ofglycerol, 509.A r r h e n i u s , S., conductivity of mix-tures of aqueous solutions of acids,415.A r t h , 8.SeeHaller.A r z r u n i, A., dipyr from Connecticut,903. - paragonite schist from the Ural,351.Asboth, A. v., estimation of starch,868.Aschan, O., action of chloraceticchloride on orthamidophenol, 814.Atkinson, A. J., estimation of sulphurin coal and coke, 296.Atkinson, R. W., estimation of man-ganese, 399.A t wa t e r, W. O., acquisition of atmo-spheric nitrogen by plants, 515. - comparative absorption of fish andmeat in the alimentary canal, 1130.A t w a t e r , W. O., and E. W. Rock-mood, loss of nitrogen during germin-ation and growth, 292.Aubin, C.See G r aebe.Auger, V., action of aenanthaldehydeand heptyl chloride on dimethyl-aniline, 814.A u t e n r i e t h , W., dimethylene di-sulphone-derivatives, 463. - substituted crotonic acids, 797.Axenfeld, pyrogallol as a test forhemialbumose, 1127.A y r t o n , W. E., and J. P e r r y , expan-sion of mercury between 0" and - 39")317. -- expansion produced by amal-gamation, 327.B,B. (E.), tannin determination, 311.Baas, K., relation of tyrosine to hip-B a b b i t t , H. C., manganese in steel andBach, E. See TJeuckart.B a e s s 1 e r, A., quinol and its derivatives,364.Baeyer, A, constitution of benzene,362. - reduction of the phthalic acids,370.B a h 1 m a n n, P., amido-compounds inthe animal system, 512.Bailey, G.H., determination of atomicweights by means of the normalsulphate, TRANS., 676. - silver suboxide, 771.Bailey, G. H., and G. J. Fowler,silver suboxide, TRANS., 416.B a i t he r, O., tetramethyldhmido-benzophenone, 816.B a k e r , C. J., absorption of gaRes bycarbon, TRANS., 249.Baker, T. See Miller.Balbiano, L., derivatives of camphor,- derivatives of pyrazole, 1054.Bamberger, E., reaction of potassiumcyanide with orthonitrobenzylicchloride, 131.- sparte'ine, 162. - synthesis of guanylcarbamide,357.Bamberger, E., and 0. Boekmann,action of sodium on alcoholic p -naphthonitrile, 840.puric acid, 1133.iron, 619.842, 1049, 1115INDEX OFBamberger, E., and 0. Boekmaun,,!iI-naphthyl-derivatives, 675.Bamberger, E., and W.Lodter,aromatic nitriles, '719.Bam berger, E., and R. Mull er, so-mlled carbonylcarbazole (carbazole-blue), 959.Bamberger, E., and M. P h i l i p ,acenaphthene and naphthalic acid,495. -- pwene, 2'71, 496.Bandrowski, F. X., bases in Galicianpetroleum, 979.Bannow, A., pure butyric acid, 29.B a r a t a e f f , S., action of allyl andethyl iodides on ethyl oxalate, 361. - methoxg diallylacetic acid, 359.B a r a t a e f f , S., and A. Saytzeff, tri-ethyl carbinol, 353.B a r b a g l i a , G. A., action of sulphuron aldehydes, 462. - isobutaldehyde and its polymer-ides, 46 1.Barnes, J., valuation of zinc powderand testing of carbonates, 80.B a r r , A., nitrophenols and phenyl-hydmzine, 722.B a r t h , M., estimation of glycerol inwines, 184.B a r t o l i , A., and E.S t r a c c i a t i ,relation between the critical tempera-tutses of substances and their thermalexpansion as liquids, 429.B a s s e t t , H., and E. F i e l d i n g , actionof hypochlorous anhydride on iodinetrichloride, 106.B a t t u t , L., ammonia in beetroots, '71.Baubigny, H., artificial formation of- Schweizer's reagent and " eauI3 a u do i n, testing copper sulphate, 1139.Bauer, F. See Elbs.Bauer, R., apparatus for estimatingcarbonic anhydride and all similiargases, 398. - estimation of fatty acids as fats,401.Bauer, R. W. See Haedicke.Baumann, A., estimation of ammonia-cal nitrogen in soils, 82.Baumann, E., compounds of aldehydesand ketones with mercaptan, 126.- disulphones, 123.- preparation of ethereal benzoates,228Baumann, E. See abo Escales.Baumann, J., action of amines onethylenedibenzoylorthocarboxglicacid, 735.thylsminesulphonic acid, 732.alabaudine, 781.cQleste," 773.Bayer, F., and C. Duisberg, B-naph-L UTHORS. 1153Bayer, E. J., basic aliiminium S U ~ -phate, M8. - detection of free sulphuric acid,and of aluminium hydroxide in alum-inium sulphate, 530.Bayley, W. 8. See Remsen.B Q champ, A., causes of the alterationof blood in contact with air, oxygen,and carbonic anhydride, 609.Be c k e r, A., chemical constitution ofbarytocalcite and alstonite, 18.Becker, GI. F., natural solutions ofcinnabar, gold, and associated sul-phides, 555.B e c k e r, P., chlorination by means ofacetic chloride, 932.Beckmann, E., cracking glass withcertainty, 105.- isonitroso-compounds, 826.- titration with Fehling's solution,Beckurts, H., ptoma'ines, 385.Beckurts. See Holst.Becquerel, E., effect of manganese onthe phosphorescence of calcium cnr-bonate, 190.- phosphorescence of calcium sul-phide, 540. -- phosphorescence of alumina, 191,409.Becquerel, H., variations in the ab-sorption spectra of didjmium salts,873. - variations in the absorptionspectrum of didjmium, 537.B Q h al, A., capraldoxime and methyl-hexylacetoxime, 795. - caprylidene : constitution of capral-dehgde, 788.- preparation of allyl iodide andallyl alcohol, 905.B e h 1 a, G., substituted anthracenecar-boxylic acids: action of carbanplchloride on anthrltcene dihydride, 593.Behrend, R., formation of dibromo-and dichloro-barbituric acids, 129.- synthesis of compounds of theuric acid series, 919.Beketoff, N. N., change in volumeduring the formation of metallicoxides, 1073.B e 1 k y, J., action of gaseous poisons,392.Belloni, C. See Menozzi.Belluci, A., formation of starch inchlorophyll granules, 1136.Bender, F., and (3. Schultz, diamido-stilbene, 268.Bender, G., bismuth thiocyanate, 566. - ethereal carbonates, 37, 245. - non-existence of chromium hepta-185.sulphide, 553.4 i 1154 INDEX OF AUTHORS.Bender, G., substituted nitrogen chlo-rides, 44,Benedikt, R., and F. Ulzer, investi-gation of acetyl compounds : newmethod for the analysis of fats, 620.-- Turkey-red oil, 914.B e n t e, F., deteymination of phosphoricBerg, A., chromiodates, 776.Berg, P. v., separation of zinc from iron,cobalt, and nickel, 182. - titration of zinc and cadmiumsulphides with iodine, 301.B e r g am i, O., examination of Caucasianmadder root, 1061.Bergami, 0. Seealso Liebermann.Bergreen, H., carbon thiodichloride,937. - isonitroso-compounds, 466.B e r l i n e r b l a u , J., indole from di-chlorether and aniline, 836.B e r l i n e r b l a u , J., and H. Polikiev,intermediate products in the forma-tion of indoles from dichlorether andaromatic amines, 813.acid, 397.B e r n a r d , A., calcimetry, 865.B e r n s , W. See Anschutz.B e r n t h s e n , A., action of cinnamic acid- constitution of the safranines, 139,- new synthesis of thiodiphenyl-- phenazoxine, 665.- pyrogenic formation of phenazine,249.B e r n t h s e n , A., and A. Goske, me-thyl-orange and ethyl-orange, 666.Bernthsen, A, and H. Mettegang,reautions of quinolinic acid, 737.B e r n t h s e n, A., and F. Mu h l e r t,acrid-aldehyde and acridinecarboxylic acid,849.B e r n t h s e n , A., and H. Schweitzer,phenazine-derivat ives, 139.B e r n t h s e n , A., and A. Semper, syn-thesis of juglone, 674.B e r r y , N. A., copper slag, 44’7.B e r t 11 e 1 o t, ammonium magnesiumphosphate, 202. - direct a1,sorption of nitrogen fromthe atmosphere by vegetable soils,395, 617. - metals and minerals of ancientChaldea, 443.- phosphates of the alkaline earths,877. - sugars, 24. - thermochemistryof phosphates, 94. - thermochemistry of reactionsbetween magiiedia salts and ammonia,96.on diphenylamine, 814.480.amine, 245.B e r t h e l o t and Andrk, decompositionof amides by water and dilute acids,235. -- decomposition of ammoniumhj-drogen carbonate by water, &c., 11. -- evolution of ammonia fromvegetable soils, 860. -- nitrogen compounds in vege-table soils, 293. -- tension of dissociation of dryammonium hydrogen carbonate, 10.B e r t h e l o t , and C. Fabre, heat offormation of hydrogen telluride, 1010.-- tellurium, 761.B e r t h e l o t and Louguinine, heatsB e r t h e l o t and Recoura, heats of-- passage from the benzene to-- the calorimetric bomb, 627.B e r t oni, GI., ethereal salts of nitrousB e t e l l i .See Pesci.B e t t e l , W., separation of gold fromB e u t ell, A., prehnite from Silesia, 223.B eyer, C., quinoline-derivatives from8- dike tones, 849.Beyer, C., and L. Claisen, introduc-tion of acid radicles into ketones, 943.Biederm ann, J., parahydroxybenzylalcohol, 38.B i e d e r t, albuminoYds of human milkand of cow’s milk, 388.B i g i n e l l i , P. See G u a r e s c h i .B i kf alvi, K., haemin crystals, 165.B i l l e t e r , O., action of thiocerbonylchloride on secondary amines, 822.B i l l e t e r , O., and A. S t e i n r r , thiocar-bimides of bibasic aromatic radicles,366.B i r d , F. C. J., a filter tube for use iILthe estimation of alkalo‘ids by Mayer’areagent, 1002.Bird, G.B., mercurous hydroxide, 447. - pnrification of zinc, 446.B i r u k o f f , W., dimethylanthragallol,592. - erythrohydroxpan thraquinone-carboxylic acid, 1049. - metliyierythrohydroxyanthraqui-none, 964.B i s c h of, sodium felspar from Krage-roe, Norway, 453.Bisclioff, C. A., and A. H a u s d o r f e r ,action of iodine on derivatives of ethjlsodomalonate, 916.Bischoff, C. A . , and H. S i e b e r t ,benzyl and benzoyl compounds, 951.B l a d i n , J. A., dicyanphenylliydrtlzineconipounds, 138.of combustion, 762.combustion, 761.the acetic series, 1011.acid, 458.the platinum metals, 1084INDEX OF AUTEORS. 1155Blarez, C., Saturation of arsenic acidwith calcium and strontium oxides, 8.- saturation of arsenic acid with mag-nesia : formation of ammonium mag-nesium arsenate, 204. - saturation of normal arsenic acidwith barium hydroxide, 7.I__ saturation of seleiiious acid bybases, 106.Blarez, C., and G. DenigBs, estima-tion of uric acid by potassium per-manganate, 621.-- solubility of uric acid, 919.B lau, F., action of sodium methoxideon bromobenzenes, 242.Blochmann, R., action of anilinehydrochloride on ethyl cyanide, 931. - carbonic anhydride in the atmo-sphere, 214.Block, J., and B. Tollens, salts oflevulinic acid, 800.Blomstrand, C. W., oxy-acids ofiodine, 32'7.B l o u n t , B., calcium borate, 108.Bloxam, C. L., calcium ammoniumarsenate and calcium arsenate, 108. - colour tests for strychnine andother alkaloyds, '752.Blumcke, A., specific gravities of mix-tures of ethyl alcohol and carbonicanhydride, 435.B l u m, L., detection of albumin in urine,1003.- separation of manganese fromiron, 183.Blumenbach, E.See Dragen-dorff.B l u n t , T. P., a simple nitrometer,998.B l y t h , A. W., distribution of lead inthe brains of two factory operativesdying suddenly, PROC., 71.Bock, O., conductivity of compounds ofpotassium and sulphur in solution, ofsodium sulphide, and of boric acid,'758.Bockal, A., physiological action ofparaldehyde, 391.Bocklisch, O., ptoma'ines from purecultivations of 7Gbrio proteus, 742.Boehm, Ed. See Engler.Boehm, R., curare, 1125.Boekmann, 0. See Bamberger.B o t t c h e r , W.See Krsemer.B 6 t t i n g e r, C., oak tannin, 584.Bohland, R. See Pf luger.Bohn, R., and C. Graebe, galloflavin,Boisbaudran, L. de, atomic weight of- fluorescence of bismuth com-1107.germanium, 15.pounds, 4.B o i s b au bran, L. de, fluorescence of- fluorescence of manganese and- fluorescence of spinel, 1005. - gallium, 1081.- new fluorescences with well-definedspectra, 1008. - puriccation of yt tria, 13.-red fluorescence of alumina, 191,- red fluorescence of chromiferousBoissieu. See De Boisieu.Bokorny, T., reduction of silver saltsby living protoplasm, 987.B o 1 t z m a n n, L., thermochemical lawconjectured by Pebal respecting non-reversible electrolytic actions, 1072.Bondzynski, S., derivatives of hydro-thiocinnamic acid, 1108.Bonhof fer, 0.See Lellmann.Bonna, A., phenglparatoluidine, 927.Borchers, W., galvanic element, 541.Bordas, grain of Holczc.~ sorgho, 519.B o r n e m a n n, E., metame thylcinnamicacid, 829.Bosscha, J., meteorite of Earang,Modjo, or Magetan, in Java, 710.Bothamley, C. H., orthochromaticphotography, 874.Bott, W., and D. 5. Macnair, appa-ratus for determining vapour-densi-ties, 632.Bouchardat, G., and J. L a f o n t ,active camphene and ethylborneol,596.Bouchardat, G., and R. Voiry, ter-pinol, 677.Bouilhon, E., estimation of solidmatter in wines, 87.Bourgeois, L., artificial production ofcrocoisite, '781. - calcium silicostannate, 333.- crystallised insoluble carbonates,Bourquelot, E., action of saliva on- deterioration of diastase by the- starch granules, 355.B o u t r o u x, L., gluconx acid, 468.Bouty, E., application of the electro-meter to the study of chemical re-actions, 882.- conductiTity of acids and salts indilute solutions, 758. - conductivity of mixtures, 8'77.Bow man, W., acetylhydrocotarnine-- action of potassium cyanide onmanganese compounds, 3.bismuth, 189, 8'73, 1006.409, 538, 625.gallium, 755.221.starch, 354.action of heat, 608.acetic acid, 1056.meconine, 5861156 INDEX OF AUTHORS.Boys, C. V., Bunsen’s ice calorimeter,1073.Bragard, M., estimation of zinc aspyrophosphate, 398.- zinc determination, 689.Brand, A., artificial breithauptite fromthe Mechernich lead furnaces, 17.- use of “ solid bromine ” in analysis,688.Brand, C., determination of combinedcarbon in iron, 866.Braun, F., decrease of compressibilityof ammonium chloride solutions withincrease of temperature, 768.- solubility of solid substances, andthe changes in volume and energyaccompanying solution, 436.BrBal, E., new mode of testing fornitrates, 1138.Bred t, J., acetyllevulinic acid ; consti-tution of y-ketonic acids, 126.Brenstein, and T . Salzer, detectionof thiosulphate in sodium hydrogencarbonate, 79.Brieger, L., a new ptomayne producingtetanus, 284. - source of trimethylamine in ergotof rye, 394.Brinckmann. See Fleischer.Brodsky, L., action of aldehydes onammonium thiocjanate, 580.Bromme, W., behaviour of cyano-benzoic acids on dry distillation, 484.- metacyanobenzoic acid, 484.Brown, A.J., chemical action of Bac-Brown, J., theory of voltaic action,Brown, W. Gt., crystallographical notes,Brown, W. L., analysis of chromeBrowne, G. M. See Michael.Brucke, E. v., colour reaction ofguanine, 280. - does human urine contain freeacid ? 986.Bruckner, E., Russian black earth,687.Bruhl, J. W., criticism of Thornsen’stheory of the heat of formation oforganic compounds, 423. - experimental examination of theolder and more recent dispersion for-mulae, 195. - influence of single and doubleunion on the refractive power of com-pounds : constitution of benzene andnaphthalene, 1005. - molecular refraction of liquidorganic compounds of high dispersivepower, 191.terium aceti, TRANS., 638.417.342.paints, 304.B r u h l , J.W., Thomsen’s supposed ex-planation of molecular refraction rela-tions, 200.Brugman, W. F., influence of copperon the estimation of sulphur, 296.Brunn emann, determination of phos-phorus in basic slag, 527.B r u n n e r , J. C. A., action of isobut-aldehyde on quinaldine, 975.B r u n n e r , P., and 0. N. Witt, benzi-dine-derivatives, 672.B r u n n e r , P. See also S k r a u p .B r u n s w ig, H., derivatives of aceto-thienone, 236.B r u n t o n , T. L., and J. T. Cash,action of caffei’neand thebe on volun-tary muscle, 985. -- chemical constitution andphysiological action, 985.B uchanan, J., electrical conductivityof hot gases, 1071.B u c h k a, K., formation of phenyl-glyoxylic acid from benzoic cyanide,487.- paratolylglyoxylic acid, 949.Buchka, K., and P. H. I r i s h , actionof potassium ferricyanide on aceto-phenone, 483. - - oxidation of ketones, 825.Bucher, A. W. See Claus.B ii c h n e r, E., acbion of carbonic anhg-dride on ultramarine, 774.Bulow, C., ethyl phthalacetoacetate,144. - phenylhydrazine compounds, 138.Buisine, A., amines in suint, 792.Bulach, W., action of paranitro-benzaldeliyde on quinaldine, 976.B u l i t s c h , P., analjsis of the water ofa saline lake, 648.Bunsen, R., decomposition of glass bycarbonic anhydride condensed on itssurface, 13.B u r g h a r d t , C. A., determination oforganic carbon and nitrogen in waters,619.Burton, B. S., and H.v. Pechmann,action of phosphoric chloride onethyl acetonedicarboxy late, 467.19.B u r t o n , C. I. See J a p p .B u s a t t i, L., minerals from Tuscany,- wollastonite from Sardinia, ’709.Busch, A., manufacture of santonin,B u t l e r , F . H. See Kinch.677.C.C ahn, E. L., methglanthragallols, 57.Cahn, E., and M. Lange, action oINDEX OEaldehydes on amidosulphonic acids,962.Calmels. See Hardy.Campani, G., volumetric estimation ofurea, 1145.Campbell, E. D., estimation of sulphurin soluble slags, 526.Cannizzaro, S., and G. F a b r i s , acidfrom santonin : isophosantonic acid,57.Canzoneri, F., and V. Oliveri,/3-bromofurfursn, 658. -- transformation of furfuraninto pyrroline, 470.Canzoneri, F., and Gt. Spica, ethoxy-lutidine, 499.Carnegie, D.J. See Muir.Carnelley, T., and W. Mackie, deter-mination of organic matter in air,532.Carnelley, T., and A. Thomson,derivatives of tolylbenzene, TRANS.,87.C a r not, A,, reactions of vanadic acid,896. - vanadates, 1018.Carpenter, 1c. I?., solubility of silverchromate in ammonium nitrate, 216.Cash, J. T. See B r u n t o n .Castner, H. Y., production of alkaliCausse, H., acetalresorcinol, 40. - action of acetaldehyde on p l y -Cazeneuve, I?., p-chloronitrocamphor,- isomeric nitrocamphors, 842.Cazeneuve, P., and Hugounenq,pterocarpin and homopterocarpin,971.Celli, A., and F. Marino-Zuco,ni-trification, 858.CesBro, G., destinezite, 709.Chancel, G., and F. P a r m e n t i e r ,solubility of calcium orthobutyrateand isobutyrate, 547.- - variation of solubility withvariation of heat of solution, ti32.Chaperon, (3. See Gouy.Chapman, A., method for estimatingfluorine, 295.Chappuis, J., latent heat of vaporisa-tion of certain volatile substances,627.Chappuis, J., and C. RiviBre, re-fractive index and compressibility ofcyanogen, 753. -- vapour-tension of liquid cy-anogen, 764.Chasanowitsch, J., action of phos-phorus pentachloride on salicylicacid, 725.metals, 107.valent phenols, 809.970.AUTHORS. 1157C h a t a r d , T . M., lucasite, a new varietyChatelier. See L e Chatelier.Chsttaway, W. See Allen.Chauvean, A,, and Kaufmann,heat developed by the activity ofmuscles, 1059. -- relation between the destruc-tion of glucose and the production ofanimal heat and work, 289.C h e s t e r, A.H., mineralogical notes,782.C h e t m i c k i, S. v., carbonylorthamido-phenol and thiocarborthamidophenol,477.Christensen, 0. T., chemistry ofmanganese and fluorine, 335,448,892.Chroustchoff, precipitation of mix-tures of iodates and sulphates bybarium salts, 884.Chroustchoff. See D e C h r o u s t -choff.Chroustchoff, P., and A. M a r t i -n o f f, coefficients of chemical affinity,548.Ciamician, B., behaviour of methpl-ketole : constitution of pyrroline,273. - conversion of pyrroline intopyridine-derivatives, 678. - tetriodopyrroline, 597.Ciamician, G-., and M. Denn-s t e d t , extraction of pyrroline fromanimal oil, 59.Ciamician, G., and P .S i l b e r , actionof acetic anhydride on methylpyrro-line and benzylpyrroline, 843. -- action of light on nitroben-zene, 240. -- conversion of pyrroline intopyridine-derivatives, 378. -- determinations of positions inthe pyrroline series, 597. - - synthesis of pyrroline, 273.C i t ro n, H., much in urine, 390.Claassen, E. extraction of vanadiumand chromium from iron ores, 449. - manganese sulphate, 774. - solubility of manganese sulphidein fused potassium sulphide, 449.Claisen, L., action of aldehydes onphenols, 270.- action of nitrous acid on ketones,463. - action of sodium alkoxides onbenzaldehyde, 574. - addition of ethyl malonate to uti-saturated compounds, 800. - condensation of aldehydes withphenols and aromatic amines, 491.- introduction of acid radicles intoketones, 575.of vermiculite, 3491158 INDEX OF AUTHORS.C l a i s e n , L., and L F i s c h e r , benzoyl-aldehyde, 940.Claisen, L., and 0. Lowman, prepa-ration of ethyl benzoylacetate, 583.Claisen, L., and 0. Manasse,nitroso-ketones, 944.Claisen, L., and N. Stylos, action ofethyl acetate on acetone, 917.Claisen. Seealso B e y e r .Clarke, F. W., lithia micas, 347.Clarke, F. W., and J. S. D i l l e r ,turquoise from New Mexico, 116.Claudon, E., and E. C. Morin,alcohols in brandy, 714. -- fermentation of sugar withelliptical yeast, 746.Claue, A., action of concentrated sul-phuric acid on aromatic ketones, 251. -- constitution of benzene, 719.Claus, A., and A. W. Biicher, chloro-benzoic acids, 828.Claus, A., and F.Collischonn,bromoquinoline, 158. - - quinoline, 60.Claus, A,, and M. E r l e r , bromo-derivatives of diphenic acid, 268.(3 laus, A., and P. F e i s t, a-naphthylmethyl ketone, 271.Claus, A., and E. F i c k e r t , paraxylylethyl ketone, 253.Claus, A., and H. H i r z e l , alkyl-deri-vatires of aniline, 134.Claus, A., and M. Kickelhayn,cinchonic acid, 846.Claus, A., and I(. E r o s e b e r g , para-tolylglyoxylic, paratolglb ydroxyace tic,and paratolylacetic acids, 948.Clixus, A., and P. I( u t t n e r , quinoline-sulphonic acids, 278.Claus, A., and E. Pieszcek, ortho-ethyltoluene, 240.Claus, A., and 0. Schmidt, p-naph-thol-B-disulphonic acid, 269.Claus, A., and J. A. S c h u l t e im Hof,cumeneorthosulphonic acid and ortho-cumic acid, 264.Claus, A., and A.Stiebel, metanitro-parachloraniline, 810.Claus, A., and E. T r a i n e r , action ofhydrogen chloride on mixtures ofaldehyde with alcohols, 231.Clniis, A., Werner, S c h l a r b , andM u r t f e l d , aromatic ethylene di-ke-tones and alkplated benzoyl-@-propi-onic acids, 827.Cleminshaw, E. See J a p p .Clermont, A., normal quinine hydro-ClBve, P. T., action of chlorine on- action of chlorine on aceto-p-chloride, 980.acet-a-naphthalide, 4994.naphthylamine, 961.C 1 Qv e, P. T., chloronaphthalenesul-- compound of quinaldine with form-- sulphimido-compounds, 834.Cloez, C., chloracetones, 1091.Cloez, C. See also Grimaux.Cloizeaux. See Des Cloizeaux.Cohen, E., pallasite from Cainpo de- talc, pseudophite, and muscoviteCohen, J.B., note on some doubleCohn, R. See JaffB.Cohn, S., solubility of gypsum in solu-tions of ammonium salts, 333.Colasanti, G-., reactions of creatinine,1056.Colby, C. E.,and C. 5. McLoughlin,action of sulphurous anhydride onbenzene, 371.phonic acids, 374.amide, 381.Pucark, 904.from South Africa, 561.thiosulphates, TRANS., 38.Coieman, J. J., liquid diffusion, 440.Collie, N., action of heat on triethyl-benzylphosphoniiim salts, 1106. - conden sation product of ethylamidoacetoacetate with hydrochloricacid, 501.Collins, J. H., minerals from PorthalIaCove, Cornwall, 1022.Collischonn, F. See Claus.Colman, I€. G-.,and W. H. Perkin,jun., distillation of calcium tetra-methylenecarboxylate with lime,234.-- synthetical formation of closedcarbon-chains. Part 11-cont. Somederivatives of tetramethylene, TRANS.,228.Colson, A., erytbrol, 353. - isomerism of position, 420. - products from the residues of com-Combemale. See N a i r e t .Combea, A., homologues of acetyl-acetone, 653. - new reactionof aluminium chloride :synthesis in the acetic series, 127. - synthesis in the paraffin series bymeans of aluminium chloride, 656.Comey, A. M. See Jackson.Comstock, W. J., and W. Koenigs,cinchona alkaloi'ds, 281, 1122.Coninck, 0. de, alkalo'ids, 58, 603,851.Conrad, M., and W. Epstein, luti-dine-derivatives from lutidinecarbo-xylic acid, 501.Conrad, M., and M. G u t h z e i t ,action of ammonia and primary amineson ethyl dimethy lpyronedicarboxylat e,500.pressed gas, 787INDEX OF AUTHORS.1159Conrad, M., and M. B u t h z e i t ,action of dilute acids on grape-sugarand fruit-sugar, 25. -- decomposition of milk-sugarby dilute hydrochloric acid, 26. -- ethyl dimethglpyronedicarbo-xylate, 502. -- formation and composition ofhumous substances, 229.Conrad, M.,and L. Limpach, synthe-.is of quinoline-derivatives by meansof ethyl acetoacetate : y-ligdroxyquin-aldine, 679.C o n s t a n t i n i d i , A., wheat gluten as afood, 511.C o r n u, M. d., distinction betweenspectral lines of solar and terrestrialorigin, 313.Cornw all, H. B., examinationof buttercdours, 621.Cornwall, H. B., and 5. W a l l a c e ,Reiuhert's method of butter analysis,309.C o s s a, A., ammoniacal platinum com-pounds, 642.- columbite from Graveggia, ValVigezzo, 645.Cousins, A.C., relations of mercwy toother metals, 1080.Cownley, A. J. See Paul.Crttfts, J. M. See Friedel.Cramer, A., glycogen, 1127.Crampton, c'. A., analyses of sugar-cane and beet juices, '751.Crampton, C. A., and T. C. Trescot,estimation of carbonic anhydride inbeer, 1144.C r e y d t, R., estimation of melitose, 306.Cronander, A., new method of esti-mating fat in milk, 308.C rook e s, W., crimson line of phospho-rescent alumina, 10G6. - new elements in gadolinite andsamarskite, 334. - radiant matter spectroscopy : ex-amination of the residual glow, 1066. - sharp line spectra of pliosphorescentyttria and lanthana, 1070.- sharp line spectrum of phospho-rescent aluminium, 1069.Crosa, E. See F i l e t i .Cross, W. J.,andW. F. H i l l e b r a n d ,C u i s i n i e r, L., glucose and the saccha-Cundall, J. T. See Shenstone.C u r t i u s, T., hydrazine (diamidogen),C u r t i u s , T., and F. Koch, derivativesC u r t i u s , T., and 8. Lederer, benzyl-elpasolite, a new mineral, 34.4.rification of starch, 354.715.of diazosuccinic acid, 33.amine, 40.Curtman, C. O., detecting aniline- detection of salicylic acid, 185.Czarnomski, N. v. See Iielbe.colours in wines, 1147.D.Daccomo, (3.) and V. Meper, dpnsitpof nitric oxide a t -loo", 587.D af e r t, F. W., estimation of moisturein starch, 1143.D a h 1, d., preparation of benzylros-anilinedisulphonic acids, 579.Dahm, C., and K.Gasiorowski, con-densation products from carbo-imidesand ortnodiamines, 247.Daimler, C., action of ethyl iodide andzinc on ethyl malonate, 360.Daimler, C. See also F i t t i g .Dambergis, A. K., analysis of mineralDam0 ur, A., a pink clay, 647.Damour,A. Seealso D e s C l o i z e a ~ x .Damsky, A,, isomerism of the thio-phenic acids : deriiatives of p-thio-phenic acid, 237.Dana, E. S., brookite from MagnetCove, Arkansas, 116. - columbite, 20. - crystallisstion of native copper,- mineralogicd notes, 343.Dana, E. S., and S. L. Penfield,two hitherto undescribed meteoricstones, 120.Danneitberg, E., deteclion of bloodstains in presence of iron-rust, 408.Darapsky, L., Chilian alums, 558.D a t he, E., kersantite from Wustewal-tersdorf, in Silesia, 562.D n u br6e, meteorite a t Djati Pengilon,Java, 1034.- note on a meteorite in a tertiarylignite, 22.Deane, L. M., estimation of manganeseand of phosphorus in iron and steel,183.D e Boisbaudran. See Bois-baud ran.D e Boissieu, P., water of crystallisa-tion of alums, 892.Debray, H., action of acids on alloys,7i9.crystalline alloys of tin and theplatinum metals, 779. - products of the action of acids onalloys of the platinum metals, 900.Dcbray, H., andPBchard, alterationsof the carbon electrodes used for theelectrolysis of arids, 1009.springs in Aegina and Andros, 23.341.D e b y, J., cyprusite, 64411 60 INDEX OFI) e c h a n, M., note on an improved formof apparatus for the separation ofiodine, chlorine, and bromine, TRAXS.,690.D e C h yo u s t c h off, K., artificial pro-duction of quartz and oi-thoclase, 559.- artificial production of quartz andtridymite, 559. - plagioclase, 20.D e Coninck. See Coninck.De F o r c r a n d , action of ethylene bro-mide on alkyl metallic oxides, 544. - alcoholates of potassium glycer-oxide, 427. - alcoholates of sodium glyceroxide,426. - heats of formation of potassiumalcoholates, 318. - heats of formation of potassiummethoxide and ethoxide, 204. - heats of formation of sodium alkyloxides, 319. - potassium glycerolate, 320. - sodium glycerolate, 8.Degen, J., indoles from methylphenyl-DehBrain, P. P., productionof nitrates- valuation of manures, 174.D eh6rain) P.P., and Maquenne, ab-sorption of carbonic anhydride byleaves, 172.Deike, W. See J a c o b s e n .D e Koninck, L. L., detection of am-monia, nitric or nitrous acids, andthiosulphuric acid, 297. - new reaction of thiosulphates, 297.D e l a c h a n a l . See Vincent.D e 1 a c h a r l o n n y, P. M., volatilisationof dissolved substances during theevaporation of the solvent, 211.De Lacre, M., dichlorathyl alcohol,713.D e Land e r 0, C. F., telli~rium-silver-bismuth from Jalisco, Mexico, 1084.D e L a n d e r 0 and R. P r i e t o , somelaws of chemical combination, 99.DelBpin, S., calcium nrate, 469.D e L e s s e p s, water from artesian wellin the Tunisian Chotts, and from thespring a t Oued Ref, 455.Delisle, A., action of sulphur dichlo-ride on ethyl acetoacetste, 915.Dernant, B., glycogen in the liver ofnew-born dogs, 167.Demarpny, E., action of carbon tetra-chloride on metallic oxides, 329.- cerite earths, 551. - spark-spectra from coils of low ten-- spectra of didymium and sama-hydrazine, 149.in arable soil, 993.sion, 537.rium, 1008.IUTHORS.D e MondBsir, P., artificial production- particular case of the formation ofDemuth, R., and V. Meyer, sulphu-Denaro, A., decomposition of silicic- dichloropyromucic acid, 34.DenigBs, 8. See Blarez.D e n n s t e d t , M., and J. Zimmer-mann, action of acetone on pyrro-line, 598, 1052. -- action of propionic anhydrideon pyryoline, 844.D e n n s t e d t , M.See also Ciamician.L)e Rego, J. H., detection of acid coal-tar colours in wine, 405.De S a i n t Gilles, L. P. ~ See H a u t e -f e ui lle.D e s C 1 oi z e a u x, monoclinic form andoptical properties of arsenious anhy-dride, 1015.Des Cloizeaux, A.,and A. Damour,chemical composition of herderite,19.Des Cloizeaux, A., and F. P i s a n i ,oligoclase, SO.Des Cloizeanx, A. See also Hidden.De Varda, G. See Spica.De V r i j , J. E., quinine chromate inanalysis, 404.Dewar, J. See Ansdell.De Zaaijer, H. G., andromedotoxim,497.Diakonoff, N. W., molecular respira-tion of plants, 988.Dieff, W., action of silver acetate ontetrabromodiallyl carbiiiol, 353.Dieff, W., and A. Reformatsky,oxidation of ricinoleic and linoleicacids, 716.Diehl, L., and A.E i n h o r n , deriva-tives of orthamidophenylvaleric acid,485.Dietrich, E., opium testing, 310.D i e t r i c h , F., and C. Yaal, pjrotri-tartaric acid-derivatives, 658.DieudonnB, H., estimation of tannin,187.Diez, R., quantitative estimation ofglycerol, 750.D i l l e r , J. S. SeeClarke.Dingwall, J. See F r a n k l a n d .D i t t e, A,, compounds of stannic oxide,- estimation of vsnadic acid, 691.7 metallic vanadates, 639, 705, 898,Divers, E., the formation of hypo-Divers, E., and T. Haga, reductionof trona or urao, 771.sodium hydrogen carbonate, 699.ranes, 906.acid by leaves, '70.336.899.nitrites, PROC., 119INDEX OF 4UTHORS.of nitrates to hjdroxylamine by hy-drogen sulphide, TRANS., 48.Divers, A., and T.Haga, re!ation be-tween sulphites and nitrites of metalsother than potassium, TRANS., 659.Dixon, H. B., preservation of gasesover mercury, 105.Dixon, W. A., constitution of acids,&3.D obref f, N., orthodibenzjldicarboxylicacid, 958.Doe b n er, O., a-alkylcinchonic acids,504.Donath, E., barium manganate, 552.- decomposition of chrome-iron ore,619.Donath, E., and R. J e l l e r , detectionand determination of traces of chro-mium, 531.Donath, E. See alsoSchoffe1.D o t t , D. B., acid morphine acetate,505.D r a g e n d o r f f , G., physiological actionof convolvulin and jalapin, 291.Dragendorff, G., and E. Blumen-bach, thallin, 871.D r a g end o r ff, G., and W. Jacobson,isolation and detection of phenol, 867.D r a g e n d o r f f , G., and H.v. Rosen,alkaloyds of lobelia, 854.D r a g e n d o r f f , G., and S. Salomon-o w i t s cli, myoctonine, 858.D r a g e n d o r f f , G., and H. Tiesen-hausen, chloral hydrate, 866.Drake, D., and J. M. Graham, elec-tric accumulators, 418.D r a p e r , C. N., solubility of lithiumcarbonate, 699.Draper, H. N., silver ammonio-nitrate,331.D r a p e r , H. N., aitd C. D r a p e r , be-haviourof alkaline solutions of phenol-phthalern in presence of alcohol, 618.Drasche, E., analysis of Persian erup-tive rocks, 223.D r e c h 8 e 1, E., mgentous compounds,699. - formation of complex inorganicacids, 703.- nitrous acid, 698.Dubourg, E. See Gayon.Duclaux, E., actinometry, 189.- butter from various districts, 996. - chemical changes produced by sun-- comparative action of heat and- preparation of valeric acid, 1028.Durkopf, E., preparation of pyridinebases, 499.Durkopf, E., and M. Schlaugk, con-stitution of aldehyde-collidine, 737.light, 93.solar radiation, 411.1161Durr, F. See W i l l g e r o d t .Duisberg, C. See Bayer.D u n s t a n , W., and T. S. Dymond,formation of hyponitrites, TRANS.,646, and PROC., 121.Duparc, L., reduclion of orthonitro-phenylglycollic acid, 948.l l u p e t i t , G. See Cayon.D u v i l l i e r , E., creatlnes and crcati-nines, 850. - trimethjl-a-amidobut;Probetai’ne,792.D y e r , J. O., and W. G. M i x t e r ,halogen-derimtive of oxanilide, 251.Dymond, T .S.D y son, G., action of fialicylir aldehydeon sodinm succinate in presence ofacetic anhydride, TRANS., 61.- apparatus for determining vapour-densities, 431.See D u n s t an.E.E b e l i n g, A., electromotive force ofsome thermo-elements, 414.Eberhar dt, L. A., black pepper oil,969.E deleano, L., derivatives of phenyl-methacrjlic acid and of phenylisobu-tyric acid, 583,E d e r , J. M., practical methods ofphotographing the spectrum, 93.E f f r o n t, J., estimation of starch andsugars, 867.E h r e n b e r g , A., formation of nitrogenduring putrefaction, 746. - is free nitrogen formed duringputrefaction ? 172.-- sausage poisoning, 392. - substituted methylenediamines,E i g e 1, F., trachytic rocks from theEigel, G., paracoumaric acid, 1109.Eijkman, F.J., cinnainic acid inplants of the Ericaceae family, 517. - hydrastine, 505. - substances from Illicium religio-E i n h o r n, A., ecgonine, 741.E i n h o r n , A., and A. L i e b r i e c l i t ,action of chloral on a-picoline, 845.E i a h o r n , A. See also Diehl.Eisele, F., action of paraldehyde onEisenmann, R., galranic element,E k s t r a n d , b. B., naphthoic acids,E 1 b el, K., derivatives of normethpl-1026.Island of San Pietro, 904.sum, 497.quinaldine, 975.757.373, 84.0.nitro-opianic acid, 491 l.62 NDEX OF AUTHORS.E 1 born e, W., strophanthus, 991. - strophanthus and strophanthin,E 1 bs, K., aromatic ketones, 940. - formation of substituted stilbenes,Elbs, K., and F.Bauer, substitutedElbs, K., and H. E u r i c h , 2 : 3 di-Elbs, K., and M. G u n t h e r , 1 : 3 di-Ellian, T., isomeric aldehydophenoxy-- vanilinoxyacetic acid, 259.E l l e n b e r g e r and H u f m e i s t e r , di-gestion and digestive secretions in thehorse, 744.1116.151.stilbenes, 151.methylanthraqninone, 841.methylanthraquinone, 841.acetic acids, 258.-- digestion in the pig, 512.I-- __ nitrogenous contents of thedigestive juices, 1129.-- - period required for digestionin the pig, 684.E i 1 is, C., J., Maumenk's test for oils,89.Elsas, A., Nobili's rings and alliedelcctrochemical phenomena, 759.E in d e n, R., vapour-tensions of salinesolutions, 764.Emerson, W. H., oxidation of nitro-mesitylene, 132.Emerson, W.H.Emery, W. 0. See Anschutz.Emmerling, A., fermentation ofalbumin in plants, 615.E n g e 1, R., action of ammonia on chlor-ethanes: direct union of ammoniawith unsaturated compounds, 793. - condensation of acetone with chloro-form, 569. -- conversion of fumaric and male'icacids into aspartic acid, 917.- effect of hydrochloric acid on thesolubility of chlorides, 445. - effect of nitric acid on the solubilityof nitrates, 632. - effecls of sulphuric acid on the solu-bility of sulphates, 546. - hydrochloride of ferric chloride,894. - solubility of calcium and mag-nesium chlorides in water a t O", 771.E n g e l h a r d t , E. See Otto.Engelmann, F. See Schinitt.Engler, C., and M. Bochm, vaselin,45 6.E n g l e r , C., and C.Sehestopal,action of acetone on paramidoazo-benzene, 479.E n g l e r , C., and E. Wohrle, prepara-tion of mandelic acid and its deriva-tives, 948.See also Remsen.Epstein, W. See C o n r a d , G u t h z e i t .Erb, L. See Janovsky.Erban, F. See Schmidt.3Cr ben, B., Bohemian minerals, 644.Erlenmenyer, E., jun., constitutionof phenyl-a- and phenyl-a-g-hydroxy-propionic acids, 1046. - Ylochl's phenylglycidic acid, 142.Erlenmeyer, B., and J. Rosenhek,E r l e r , M. See Claus.E r n s t, F., reduction of a-thiophenic- reduction of aa-thiophendicar-- sjnt1ietic.d investigations in theErr era, G., chloropropylbenzene, 35. - decomposition of mixed ethers by- ethyl parsbromobenzoate and- reaction of stilbene, 53.Escales, R., and E.Baumann,g t a r d , A., solubility of copper sul-Etienne, E. See V e n a t o r .E u r i c h , H. See Elbs.Evershed, F. See Green.phenyliodohydracrylic acid, 45.acid, 471.boxylic acid, 23'7.thiophen series, 238.nitric acid and heat, 1103.parabromobenzoic acid, 1107.disulphones, 123.phate, 772.F.F a b e r , H., the lactocrite: a newapparatus for deteymining fat in milk,1144.Pabre, C., heat of lormation of crystal-lised tellurides, 1010. - seleuium alums, 1014.Fabre, C. See also Berthelot.Fabris, Gt. See Cannizzaro.Fa&, G., variations in the electricalresistance of antimony and cobalt in amagnetic field, 760.C.,. and R. L i s t , ethylbenzoic sulphinide and ethyl ortho-sulphaminebenzoate, 835.Fairley, T., estimation of SUlpllUr andimpurities in coal-gas, 297.Fasbender, H., compounds of alde-hydes and ketones with mercaptan,462.F e d e r e r , E.C., test for oil of pepper-mint, 1001.E'eer, A. See Graebe.Beist, P. See Claus.Ferko, P., pyrogenic reactions, 572.Fick, R., formation and properties ofinosite and its occurrence in thevegetable kingdom, 1089.F i c k e r t , E. See Claus.F a h l b e r g INDEX OF AUTHORS. 11 63Fielding. See Rassett.F i 1 e t i, M., bromoterephthalic acid,52.F i 1 e ti, M., preparation of aromaticamides, 42.7 reciprocal transformation of cu-mene-derivatires and cymene-deriva-tives, 36, 471.F i l e t i , M., and F. Crosa, chloro-cymene and bromocymene fromthymol, 37.F i n g e r , H. See Weddige.F i n k , R., affinity of certain bivalentmetals for sulphuric acid, 885.Finken er, distinction of castor oilfrom other fatty oils, 402.F i n k e n e r , R., action of carbonic an-hydride on the dihydrate of stron-tium, 217.F i r t h , R.H., poisonous ptoma'ine inmilk, 389.Fisclier, B., dimethyl ethyl carbinol,1142.Fischer, B., and H. Wimmer, diazo-amido - compounds, 819. -- hydroxyazo-compounds, 819.Fiscber, E., action of aldehydes, an-hydrides and diitzo-compounds on thethree methylindoles, 265. - carbamide-derivatives of dibromo-pyruvic acid, 918. - compounds of phenylhydrazinewith sugars, 567. - hydrazines, 138, 932. - indoles from phenylhydrazine, 149. - synthesia of indole-derivatives,148.F i s c h e r , E., and 0.Knoevenagel,compounds of phenylhydrazine withaldehyde, mesityl oxide, and ally1bromide, 932.F i s c h e r , E., and F. P e n z o l d t , sensi-tiveness of the sense of smell, 983.F i s c h e r , E., and A. Steche, methyla-tion ofindole, 976. -- metliylation of indole-deriva-tires, 588.Fischer, E., and J. Taf el, oxidation ofpolyatomic alcohols, 651.Fischer, E., and P. Wagner, rosin-doles, 588.F i sc h er, I?., composition of generatorgas and water gas, 1078.Fischer, H., working up of Stasfurtlipotash liquors containing a largeexcess of sodium chloride, 1079.Fischer, L. See Claisen.Fischer, O., ortho- and meta-quinoline-sulphonic acids, 601.Fisclier, O., and E. Hepp, action ofalcoholic hydrogen chloride on nitros-amines, 244.F i s c h e r , O., and E.Hepp, azophe--- nitrosamines, 729, 1114.Fischer, O., and H. v a n Loo, forma-tion of P-diquinoline, 63.Fisher, J. H., corrosion of zinc byammonium chloride and potassiumnitrate, 889.F i t t b o g e n and Salfeld, manuringwith basic slag, 524.Fit ti c a, F., a fourth monobromophenoland a second monobromobenzene, 134.F i t t i g , R., and C. Daimler, action ofethyl chloracetate and zinc on ethjloxalate, 361.P l e w i t z k y , F., conversion of dextro-rotatory terpene from Russian tur-pentine by means of hydration anddehydration, 968. - relation between the boiling pointsof the monatomic alcohols and theirconstitutions, 879.Fleck, H., colour reactions of picricacid and dinitrocresol, 624.Fleischer, M., Brinokman, andothers, manuring with basic slagand other phosphates, 524.nines and indulines, 1105.Fleissner, F.See Lippmann.F 1 ink, G., I hgbanit e, 782.Fluckiger, safrole, 990.Fliickiger, F. A., iodine determina-tion in Laminaria, 996. - lithium carbonate, 1000.- reaction of thiosulphates, 689.F l u g , K. K., ignatieffite, 1085.Focke, sepalration of morphine andstrychnine from fatty matters, 187.F o c k e, H., estimation of alkalinechlorides in potash, 1138.F o k k er, fermentation by protoplasmfrom recently killed animals, 984.F o l k a r d , C. W., bacteriological exa-mination of water, 619.F o r c r a n d . See De Forcrand.FormBnek, J., solubility of leadchloride in solutions of mercuricchloride, '772.F o r s 1 i n g, S., Brsnner's p-naphthyl-aminesulphonic acid, 375.- p-naphthylaminesulphonic acids,962.Fossek, W., carbonic anhydride in theair of schoolrooms, 888.Foussereau, G., decomposition ofacetates by water, '767. - decomposition of thiosulphates byacids, 883. - effect of pressure on the decompo-sition of chlorides, 697.Fowler, G. J. See Bailey.Franchimont, A. P. N., action ofnitric acid 011 bibasic acids, 466INDEX 01F r a n c h i m o n t , A. P. N., and E. A.K 1 o b b i e, ainides of ethylsulphonicacids, 468.F r a n k e , B., action of sulphuric acid onpotassium permanganate. 893. -- hydroxylated solid hydrogenphosphide, 635. - nianganese-compounds, 1016. - new gals burette, 687.F r a n k l a n d , P.F., and J. Dingwall,decomposition of potassium chlorateand perchlorate by heat, TRANS.,274.F r a s e r , T. R., strophanthin, 1115.F r e e r , P. C., and W. H . P e r k i n , jun.,action of ethylene bromide on thesodium-derivatives of ethyl aceto-acetate, bmzoylacetate, and acetone-dicarboxylate, TRANS., 880. -- attempt to synthesise hepta-met hylene-derivatives, PRO~., 96. -- synthesis of hexamethylene-derivatives, PRO~., 96.F r e e r , P. C.F r e my, artificial formation of rubies,556.F r e m y and V e r n e u i l , action offluorides on alumina, 556.Fresenius, H., analysis of theSchutzenhof Quelle, Wiesbaden, 647.F r e s e n i u s , R., hot springs a t Wies-baden, 352. - preparation of hydrogen sulphidefree from arsenic, 885.F r e u n d , M., and W.Will, hydrastineand its derivatives, 383, 1051. - - substances contained in theroots of %ydrastiy Canademis, 174.F r i u k e, determination of sulphuricacid in water, 862.F r i c k h i n ger, H., oxalic acid from theresidue of spiritus atheris nitrosi,360.F r i e d e 1, C., crystalline form of quercin,1026.F r i e d e l , C., and J. M. C r a f t s , actionof methyl chloride on o-dichloro-benzene in presence of ttluminiumchloride, 1101. - - action of methylene chlorideon methjlene benzene in presence ofaluriiinium chloride, 1102.F r i e d h e i m, C., v. d. Pfordten’s silversuboxide, 1079. - Weil’s method for determiningsulphidea, 396, 749.F r i e d l a n d e r , P., and F. Miiller,derivatives of pseudocarbost yril, 977.F r i e d r i c h , A.See R a z u r a .Friswell, R. J., and A. G. Green,relation of diazobenzenesnilide tonmidoazobenzene, YROC., 26.See also P e r k i n .AUTHORS.F r o h l i c h . See Zincke.Promme, C., electrolytic polarisationproduced by feeble electromotiveforces, 313, 541.Fromme, G., and R. Otto, 8-dichlo-ropropionic acid, 9 12. -- - synthesis of xeronic acidfrom a-dibromo-normal-butyric acid,917.F u n a r o , A., felspars from Elba, 560.G.Gabriel, S., formation of primaryamincs from the corresponding halo-gen-derivatives, 1037.7 homologue of isoquinoline. 739. - homo-o-phthalimide and its deriva-tivcs, 50, 325, 1112. - isoquinoline and its derivatives,61.Gabriel, S., and R. Otto, orthocyano-toluene, 1035.Gal, H., and E. Werner, heats ofneutralisation of glyceric and cam-phoric acids, 205.-- heats of neutralisation ofhomologous and isomeric acids, 95. -- heats of neutralisation of rndicand citric acids, 205. -- heats of neutralisation of ma-ionic, tartronic, and malic acids,96. -- heats of neutralisation of me-conic and mellitic acids, 206.Uallois, E. See A d r i a n .Garnier, L., estimation of albumino‘idsin liquids from cysts, &c., 872.- estimation of nitrogen in urine,863.G a r r o d , A. B., place of origin of uricacid in the animal organism, 388.Gasiorowski, K. See Dahm.G as s a u d, organic nitrogen in chemicalmanures, 863.Gatenby, R.,volumetric estimation ofalumina, 865.G a t t e r m a n n , L., and G.Schmidt,chloroformamide : synthesis of aro-matic acids, 569. -- preparation of ttlk ylam ido -formic chlorides and alkjl isocyanates,358.Uaunersdorf er, J., poisoning ofplants by lithium salts: 991.G a u t i e r , F., influence of silicon onthe condition of carbon in cast iron,220.G a u t i e r , If., chlorine-derivatives ofacetophenone, 141IXDEX OFQautier, H., inauence of light andtemperature on chlorination, 922.Gaw a1 o r ski, A., filters with greasededge, 295. - separation of mineral oils fromsaponifiable fats, 1001.Gayon, U., and E. Dubourg, alcoholicfermentation of dextrin and starch,171.Gayon, U., and C-. D u p e t i t , methodof preventing secondary fermentation,171.Ge d 8 1 s t, L., preparation of picrocar-mine, 1117.C-ehring, G., aniline sebate and di-phenylsebacamide, 822.- butyl sebate, 801. - octyl mono-, di-, and tri-chlorace-tates, 653. - perchloramyl and perchlorobutylperchlorosebatea, 801. - sebaceodinitranilide, 935.G e n t h, A., mineralogical notes, 342.Georges, peptones in the blood andG e r l a c h , G. T., boiling points of saltGerland, C. See Zincke.Gernez, D., rotatory power of com-pounds formed in solutions of tartaricacid, 540.G e r r a r d , A. W., strophanthus andstrophanthin, 970.G e r s o n, G., derivatives of pyruricacid, 260.Gessner, A. See Goldschmidt.Qeuther, A., arsenic, 888. - bitter principle of calamus root,972. - constitution of ethyl propio-propionate, 915. - polyiodides, 910.G i b b s, W., complex inorganic acids,Gill, J.M., citric acid derivatives ofGim b e 1, A., derivatives of dianthryl, - nitrosoanthrone, 675.Qimbel, A. Seealso Liebermann.G i n t l , W., and L. Storch, ecgonine,682.Girard, A., destruction of the nema-to'ids of beetroot, 617. - estimation of starch in potatoes,868.G i t a r d , C., and L. L'Hote, corubina-tion of aniline with chromic acid,927.urine, 188.solutions, 1012.113.paratoluidine, 40.1049.Girard, C. See Muntz.G i r a u d , H., physical peculiarity of tri-phenylguanidine, 366.AUTHORS. 1165G i r a u d, IT., volumetric estimation ofantimony in presence of tin, 400.Qladysz, T., preparation of calciumand potassium tartrates, 571.Glaser, M., action of potassium per-manganate on sodium thiosulphate,336.Goe b el, H., estimation of morphine,869.Goessmann, C.A., analysis of onions,1137.GO t t i g, C., crystallisation of alkalisfrom alcohol, 889.- hydrates of potassium h_vdroxide,636. - new hydrate of sodium hydroxide,550. - water of crystallisation of sodiummonosulphide, 381.G o t t i g , J. See Nietzki.Go tz, J., andalusite from Marabastad,Qoldmann, F., action of bromine onGoldschmidt, H., absorption in the- camphoroxime-derivatives, 496. - intestinal digestion in the horse, 610. - reduction of aldoximes and acet-oximes, 249, 568.Goldschmidt, H., and A. Gessner,cumylamine, 1039.Goldschmidt, H., and M. Honig,nitrochlorotoluene and chlorotolui-dine, 363.Goldschmidt, H., and E.Kisser,carvole-derivatives, 475,923.Goldschmidt, H., and N. Polo-now s k a, anisamine, 1041. - diphenylhydrosethylamine, 492.Goldschmidt, H., aud W. S c h u l -thess, thienethylamine, '728.Goldschmidt, H., and J. Strauss,bi-ni troso-orcinol and dinitroporesorcinol,808.Goldschmiedt, Gt., new dimethoxy-quinoline, 1119. - papaverine, 163.Gonzalez, C., paratungstates, 895.Gooch, F. A., separation and estima-tion of boric acid, 299.-separation of sodium and potassiumfrom lithium, magnesium, and cal-cium, 528.Gorgeu, A., artificial production ofmagnetite, 708.- artificial zincite and willemite,345. - zinc ferrite : artificial formation offranklinite, 557.Goske, A., synthesis of carbazole, 372.Goske, A. See also B e r n t h s e n .Transvaal, 562.anthranol, 1049.stomach of the horse, 7431166 INDEX OF AUTHORS.Go s s a r t, the spheroidal state, 768.Gossels, W., nitrates in animals andplants, 389.Gouy, standard galvanic cell, 541.Gouy and G.Chaperon, osmoticequilibrium and the conceutration ofsolutions by gravitation, 1013.Gowland, W., and Y. Koga, silvercontaining bismuth, TRANS., 410.Gtozdorf, G. A., assay of minute quan-tities of gold, 184.G r a e b e, C., acenaphthene, 592. - boiling points of diphenylamine- formula of diphenic acid, 589.-- tetrachlorophthalic acid, 832.Graebe, C., and C. Aubin, condensa-tion of diphenic and orthodiphenyl-carboxylic acids, 589.Graebe, C., and A. Feer, euxanthone-group, 152.Graebe, C. See also Bohn.G r a e t z, L., electrical conductivity ofsolids a t high pressures, 5.Graham, J.M. See Drake.Gram, C., active principles of Asclepiascurrassavica, A . incarmato, and Vin-cetoxicum oflcinalis, 377. - origin of ptorna’ines, 387.Grassmann, P., loss occasioned byimproper methods of pickling wheat,293.G r s v i l l , E. D., estimation of ammo-nium carbonate in spivitus ammoniaaromaticus, B.P., 398.G r a y , T.. electrolysis of silver and cop-per : application of electrolysis to thestandardising of electnc current andpotential meters, 315.Green, A. G., and F.Evershed,volu-metric estimation of nitrous acid,396.and its homologues, 812.Green, A. G. See a1soFriswell.Green, J. R., changes in the protei’dsof seeds during germination, 987.Greenall, T.H. See Thorpe.GlrBhant and Quinquaud, formatesGriess. P., didzo-compounds, 817. - meta- and para-hydroxynitroben-zoic acids, 485.Griess, P., and G. Harrow, action ofaromatic diamines on sugars, 475,930.Griessmayer, true nature of starch-cellulose, 686.d r i f f i t h , A., detection of st,annic sul-phide in presence of antimonioussulphide, 183.G r i f f i t h s , A. B., agricultural experi-ments with iron sulphate as a manureduring 1886, TRANB., 215.in the organism, 513.Grimaldi, (3. P., themic expansionsof liquids a t various pressures, 626.Grim a u x, E., glyceraldehy de, 794.Grimaux, E. and C. Cloez, erythrene-- eryt hrene-derivatives, 352.Gtriner, G., isomeride of benzene,Grocco, P., creatinine in urine, 513.G r u b e r , M., culture of anaerobic bac-teria: morphology of butyric ferment-ation, 1135.Urune, H., azo-opianic acid, 48.Grunwald, A., chemical structure ofoxygen and hydrogen and their dis-sociation in the sun’s atmosphere,1070.Guareschi, I., y-dichloronaphthaleneand chloronaphthttlic acid, 837. - strychninesulphonic acids, 853.- Weyl’s creatinine reaction, 1122.Guareschi, I., and P. Biginelli,chlorobromonaphthalene, 1113.G u n t h e r , F., iodoform and bromo-form, 787.G u n t h e r , M. See Elbs.G u i gn e t, C. E., crystallisation by dif -G u i t e r m a n n , A. L., orthazoxytoluene,G u i t e r m a n n , A. L. See alsoGtu ntz, antimony tartrate, 657. - heat of formation of tartar emetic,544.G u r l t , meteorite in a tertiary lignite,22.G u t h z e i t , M., and W.E p s t e i n ,action of phosphoric sulphide onethyl dimetliylpyronedicarboxylate,920.bromides, 789.1033.fusion, 101.932.N i e t z ki.Guthzeit, M. See also Conrad.H.Habermann, J., electrolysis of carboncompounds, 94.Haedicke, J., R. W. Bauer, and B.Tollens, galactose from Carrsgheenmoss, 791.Haedicke, J., and B. Tollens, forma-tion of galactose and lsvulose fromraffinose, 791.Haga, T., effects of dilution and thepresence of sodium salts and carbonicanhydride on the tit ration of hydroxyl-amine by iodine, TRANS., 794.Haga, T. See also Divers.Hagemann, G. A., avidity formula,633INDEX OF AUTHORS. 1167Hagenbach. See Nietzki.Hager, H., butter testing, 309.- detection of arsenic, 397. - guaiacum resin, 752. - testing aluminium sulphste, 182. - use of copper containing arsenicfor the dearsenification of hydro-chloric acid : Reinsch's test for arsenic,397.Hall, J. A,, some analogous phosphates,arsenates, and vanadates, TRANS.,94. - some ethereal salts of vanadiumacids, TRANS., 761.H a l l e r , A., cyanacetophenone, 826. - ethyl cyanacetate, 797. - inactive borneols yielding activecamphors, 1050. - isomeric camphols and camphors,376. - preparation of ethyl cranomdonateand ethyl benzoylcysnacetate, 1030. - racemic camphol and its derira-tives, 1050.H a l l e r , A., and B. A r t h , ethyl suc-cinimidoacetate and camphorimido-acetate, 1031.H a l l e r , A., and A. H e l d , ethyl aceto-cyanacetate, 799, 1029.H a l l i b u r t o n , W.D., muscle plasma,984. - proteids of cerebrospinal fluid,614.I i a n r i o t , anemonin, 843.H a n r i o t , M., and C. Richet, estima-tion of the carbonic anhydride expiredand the oxygen absorbed in respira-tion, 507. -- relation between muscularactivity and the chemical effect ofrespiration, 1038.H a n s sen, A., action of carbonyl chlorideon ethj lene- and trimethylene- di-phenyldiamine, 577.7 constitution of brucine, 505.Hantzsch, A., constltution of quinonederivatives, 719. - furfuran-derivatives from resor-cinol, 262.Hantzsch, A, and I(. Schniter,action of chlorine and bromine onpyrogallol, 925. -- constitution of chlor- andbrom-anilic acids, 1036.Hantzsch, A., and C.Wohlbriick,ethyl propiopropionate, 717.Hantzsch, A.. and A. Zeckendorf,derivatives of ethyl quinonepara-dicarboxylate, 727.Hantzsch, A., and H. Ziircher,polycoumarlns, 830.Htbrdaway, H., analysis of shot, 416.VOL. LII.Harden, A., action of silicon tetra-chloride on the aromatic amido-com-pounds, TRANS., 40H a r d i n g , S. L., sodium dichromatecell, 412.H a r d y and Calmels, synthesis of pilo-carpine, 1057.H a r p e r , D. N. See P e n f i e l d .H a r r i s o n , G., mirror amalgam, 447.Harrow, G. See Qriess.H a r t , W. B. See Smith.H a r t l e y , W. N., constitution of thedouble chromic oxalates, PEOC., 4. - relation between the molecularstructure of carbon compounds andtheir absorption spectra.VIII. Astudy of coloured substances and dyes,TRANS., 152. - spectroscopic notes on the carbo-hydrates and albumino'ids from grain,TRANS., 58.H a r t o g , P. J., sulphites, 886.Harvey, S., conversion of starch intoglucose by means of hydrochloric acid,125. - estimation of nitrates in water, 184.H as e b r o e k, E., action of hydrogen - a first product of gastric digestion,Haseloff, E. See Roser.Haslam, A. R. See Anschiitz.Hausdorfer, A. See Bischoff.Haushofer, E., microchemical tests,- microscopical analjsis, 300.H a u t e f e u i l l e , P., and J. Mar-g o t t e t, hydrated silicon phosphate,329.H a u t e f e u i l l e , P., and I;. P. d eS a i n t - Gilles, artificial produotionof micas, 560.Ha zura, K., mid from hemp-seed oil,799.- acids from drying oils, 359, 913.Hazura, K., and A. F r i e d r i c h ,acids from drying oils, 798.Headden, W. P., columbite fromColorado, 347.H e c h t , H., action of monamines oncitric acid, 154.H e h n e r, O., estimation of glycerol andits non-volatdity uith aqueous vapour,1143. - estimation of methyl alcohol inpresence of ethyl alcohol, 1142.Heidlberg, T., ortho- aiid para-chloro-dimethylaniline, 474.Hei s c h, C., analybis of pepper, 312.H e l b i ng, H., reaction of strophailthin,Held, A. See Haller.peroxide on bismuth salts, 340.609.301.1001.4 11168 INDEX 01Helmers, 0.) additive products of aro-matic thiocarbimides, 581.Hemi 1 ia,n, W.,. diphenylmetaxyl-methane and diphenylorthoxylylme-thane, 266.Hempel, W., a gas burette which isindependent of atmospheric pressureand temperature, 1062.- percentage of oxygen in air, 885. - source of error in gas analysis,1062.Henderson, Gt. U., action of tri-phenylmethyl bromide on ethyl sodio-malonate, TRANS., 224. - ethyl triphenylcarbinylmalonate :B-tripenjlpropionic acid, 671.Henke, G., milky juice of certainEuphorbiacere, 72.HQnocque, hematoscopy : a newmethod of blood analysis, 312.Henry, L., cyanacetic acid, 796. - determination of the relative valueof the four units of activity in thecarbon-atom, 711.I_ synthetical acetic acid ant1 its deri-vatives, 796. - synthetical acetonitrile, 712. - volatility of methane-derivatives,H en s c h k e, A., chelidonine, chelery -Hensgen, C., ammoniomercuric chro-H e u t s c h e l , W., aconitic acid, 467.- chlorinated methyl formates, 1099. - derivatives of chlorinated methyl- derivatives of methyl carbanilate,Henzold, 0.) frozen milk, 745.H e p b urn, G., griqualandite, 709.Hepp, E. See Fischer.Hermann, A., digestion of fibrin byITerrmann, 0. See Leuckart.Herz, J., detection of alum in flour,- detection of artificially colouredR e r z b e r g , W. See Stohmann.H e r z e l , H. See Claus.Herzfeld, A., ehmation of carbon inthe organic constituents of water, 184. - estimation of invert sugar, 185.Herzig, J., isodulcitol, 906.H e s s e, O., alkalo'ids of the Berberidee,- alkalo'ids of coca leaves, 1125. - China bicolor, 76. - cinchol, 58. - estimation of quinine sulphrtte,24.thrine, and sanguinarine, 854.mates, 218.formate, 10.27.143.trypsin, 1130.530.red wine, 91.283.1145.AUTHORS,H e s s 8, O., normal quinine chromate,- pseudomorphine, 163.Heumann, K., and L.Oeconomides,action of phenol on diazoamidoben-zene, 480.reaction of diszoamido-com-pounds with phenols, 664.Heumann, K.,and J. W i e r n i k , di-phenylethane-derivatives, 673._I_- phenyl-derivatives of ethane,1039.Heumann, K. See also Mentha.Heyer, C., estimation of water instrontia dihydrate, 217.- strontia dihydrate, 108.Heymann, B., and W. Koenigs,oxidation of homologues of phenol,241, 1035.Hidden, W. E., new meteoric ironfrom Texas, 119.- phenacite from Colorado, 118.- remarkable crystal of herderite,117. - the Mazapil meteoric iron, 564.- twin crystals of molybdenite, 116.Hidden,W.E.,aud A.D es Cloizeaux,Nol.th Carolina mineral localities, 118.HilI, H. B.,and L. L. Jackson, chloro-pyromucic acid, 469.H i l l e b r a n d , W. F., emmonsite, aniron telluride, 344.Hillebrand, W. F.Hillyer, H. W. See Remsen.Hinsberg, 0.) action of monatomicaldehydes of the fatty series on meta-paratoluylenediamine, 816. - action of orthotoluylenediamine ondextrose, 476.- nomenclature of the quinoxalineseries, 382. - zirconium, 896.H i r s c h, R., chloro-nitro-derivatives ofthe aromatic series, 834.Hirschler, A., lactic acid in animals,167. - separation of nitrogenous sub-stances by means of phosphomolybdicacid, 310.404.--See also Cross.H i r z e l , H.See Claus.Hockauf, J., botryogene, 21.H o l a n d, R., substitution-derivativesHO nig, M., nitrochlorotoluenes andHonig, M., and 8. Schubert, carbo-Honig, M. See also Uoldschmidt.H o t t e, B., action of phenylhydrazineon anhydrides of bibasic acids, 669.Hoffnisnn, A., compound of pyro-tartaric acid with hippuric acid, 44.from methglene chloride, 905.chlorotoluidines , 1034.hydrates, 125INDEX OFHoffmann, C., action of hydroxyl-Hoffmann, C. See also Mohlau.Hoffmann, L., and G. E r u s s , goldHofmann, A. W., amidonaphthyl mer-- orthamidophenyl mercaptan, 823,- q uinoline-rrd, 380.Hofmeis ter. See also E l l enberger.Holden, E. L. See H u t c h i n s .Holdermann, E., estimationof sodiumand lithium, 864.H o l l a n d , P., determination of alkalisin silicates, 181.- quartzite, 451.H o l s t and Beckurts, strychnine andbrucine ferro- and ferri-cyanides,852.Holzmann, E., thio-derivatives ofdiethylaniline and dimethylaniline,723.Hood, J. J., preparation of ammoniumdichromate, 449.- theory of f rac t ional precipitation ,325.Hoogewerff, S., and W. A. v a nD o r p, benzylamine and phenylethyl-amine, M5. -- isoquinoline and its deriva-tives, 505.Hooper, D., ash of cinchona barks,394.Hoppe-Seyler, F., estimating hydro-gen in the presence of methane, 618. - methane fermentation of aceticacid, 1135.H op p e - S e y 1 e r, G., discriminating be-tween chrysophanic acid and santonincolouring matters in urine, 406.Horbaczewski, J., synthesis and con-stitution of uric acid, 918.Horstmann, A., molecular volumes,545.H o r v a t , V., dry distillation of starchwith lime, 460.Hote. See L'Hote.H o t t e r, E., synthesis of phenylaceturicacid, 368.Howard, W.C. separation of hygrinefrom cocabe, 1126.Hughes, J., analysis of hoofs andhorns, 4.08.H u g o u n enq, L., chlorine-derivativesof anisoyl, 923.- lmorotatory P-hydroxybutyric acidin the blood of a diabetic patient, 986.Hugounenq. See also Cazeneuve.H u n t , T. S., integral weights in chemis-7 law of volumes in chemistry, 99.amine on acetamide, 911.sulphides, 1019.captans, 839.1039.try, 10'77.9UTHORS. 1169Huntington, 0. W., Coahuila meteo-- crystalline structure of iron meteo-H u r s t , S.H., algaborilla, 498.Hussak, E., granular limestone ofStainz in Styria, 780.Hutchings, W. M., analysis ofsilicates,181.H u t c h i n s , C. C., and E. L. Holden,existence of certain elements and dis-covery of platinum in the sun, 1065.H u t c h i n s , C. C. See also Trow-bridge.rites, 455.rites, 119.I.Igelstrom, L. J., braunite from Jacobs-- hzemotostibite from Orebo, 645. - minerals from the Sjo Mine,- polyarsenite, 346.I h 1, A., colour reactions of beet-sugar,- colour reactions of starch and gum,Ince, W. H., ferric chloride as a testI r i s h , P. H. See Buchka.I s b e r t, A., estimation of phosphoricberg, Wermland, 643.Sweden, 902.534.534.for organic substances, 400.acid, 526.J a c k s o n , C.L., and A. M. Comey,action of silicon duoride on organicbases, 243.Jackson, 0. L., and U-. W. Rolfe,quantitative determination of hy-droxyl, 749.Jackson, C. L., and J. F. Wing, con-version of aromatic sulphonates intoamido-compounds, 727. - - dimethylbenzylamine, 721.Jackson, L. L. See H i l l .Jacobsen, O., action of sulphuric acid- ethylxylenes, 37.- hemellithene, 36.7 hydrocarbons from tar oils boiling- purification of hydrogen sulphideJacobsen, O., and W. Deike, syn-Jacobson, P., orthamidated aromaticJacobson, W. See Dragendorff.J,affB, M., and R. Cohn, behaviour ofon pentamethylbenzene, 660.between 170" and 20O0, 35.from hydrogen arsenide, 885.thesis of hemellithene, 659.ketones, 961.4 k 2170 INDEX OF AUTHORS.furf uraldehyde in the animal organ-ism, 1032.J a h o d a , R., papaverine salts, 164.James, J.W., artion of chlorine onmethyl thiocyanate, TRANS., 268.- formation of ethyl cyanacetoace-tate, TRANS., 287.J a n d r i e r , E., nitromenaphthene, 964.JaneEek, G., determination of atomicweight from specific heat, 419.J a n n a s c h , P., heulandite, 903.- new analyses of Norwegian rocks,- strontitl, in heulandite, 453.J a n n e t t a z , E., buratitefrorn Laurium,Janovsky, J. F., azo-compounds, 663.Janovsky, J. V., and L. E r b , directsubstitution products of parazoto-luene : hydrazobromobenzenes : hydr-azobromotoluenes, 479. -- halogen-derivatives of azo-benzene and hydrazobenzene, 478.J a p p, F.R., diphenylglyoxaline andmethyldiphenylglyoxaline, TRANS.,557.J a p p , F. R., and C. I. B u r t o n , anhy-dracetonebenzil, TRANS., 420. -- azines, TRANS., 98. -- condensation compounds ofb e n d with ketones, TRANS., 431.J a p p , F. R., and E. Cleminshaw,constitution of glycosine, TRANS., 552.J a p p , F. R., and N. H. J. Miller,preparation and hydrolysis of hydro-cyanides of the diketones, TRANS ,29.J a w e i n , L., crystalline compound fromKamala, 498.JedliEka, I(. See Levy.J e h n , C., action of polyatomic alcoholson solutions of boric acid and hydro-gen sodium carbonate, 790.562.644.J e l l e r , R. See Donath.J e n s c h , E., compos;tion of someancient ceramics from Brandenburg,218. - tetracalcium phosphate and basicconverter slag, 216.J e n t y 9, S., intramolecular respirationof plants, 686.J o d i n , V., action of mercurial vapouron leaves, 395.Jorgenaen, S.M., cobaltammoniumcompounds, 775. - nitratopurpureorhodium salts,114. - roseorhodium salts, 113. - xanthorhodium salts, 114.J o f f re, J . , agricultural d u e of retro-J o h n s t o n e , W., Flitwick water, 1087.J o l i n , S., the acids of pig’s bile, 742.grade phosphates, 8 i l .J o l l e a, A., new chloroform reaction,J o l y , A., bimetallic phosphates, 211. - double phosphates and arsenates- silver phosphates and arsenates,- thermochemistry of bibasic phos-- trimetallic phosphstes, 877.Jones, E. L., speciric gravity of humanJ u l i u s , P., employment of Congo-red- new diamidodinaphthvl, 56.866.of strontium and sodium, 637.215.phates and their congeners, 202.blood, 608.in titrating aniline, 90.J u n g f l e i s c h , E., c$niie- sulphate,405.K.Kahlbaum, Gt.W. A., apparatus fnrmeasuring the tension of vapours,207. - boiling points of the fatty acids- influence of atmospheric pressureon boiling point, 206. - temperature regulator, 206.K a i s e r and Schmieder, changes inmilk by freezing, 745.Kalecsinszky, A., native gold fromThibet, 780.K a l i s c h e r M., new secondaryelement,314.E a l i sc h e r , S., electromotive force pro-duced by light in selenium, 693.Kalmann, W., standardising iodinesolutions : estimating sulphurous acidin presence of thiosulphuric acid, 618.Kalmann, W., and J.Spuller, exami-nation of crude soda lyes and redliquors, 1063.E a p p e l , S., formation of nitrites, 106.K a r c z, M., glyoxaloenanthyline and itsderivatives, 911.Kassner, G., lactucerin, 605.- solanine, 860.K a s t , A., arorriatic products of putre-- fate of certain chlorine compounbE a u d e r , E., cryptopine, 1122.Kaufmann. See Chauveau.Kehrmann, F., new class of cobaltic- phosphotungstic acids, 777.- potassium manganic oxalate, 800. - separation of phosphoric acid from- Ftructure of complex inorganicC2H402 to CbH1O02, 207.faction in human sweat, 1132.in the organism, 612.salts, 220.tungetic acid, 866.acids, 777INDEX OF BUTHORS. llilKehrmann, F. See also Nietzki.Keiser, E. H., action of chlorine onpyridine, 277.- combustion of weighed amounts ofhydrogen : atomic weight of oxygen,1078. - new pyrometer, 1073.Kelbe, W., and N., v., Czarnomski,action of bromine and water on a-me-taisocymenesulphonic acid : constitu-tion of a- and p-metaisocymenesul-phonic acids, 147.Kellner, O., and others, absorption bysoils, 76. - composition of tea-leaves, 73. - estimation of absorbed bases in- feeding and development of silk-- behaviour of urea in soils, 524.K e r n e r , Q., and A. Weller, testingquinine sulphate, 1146.K e t t e l e r , E., dispersion in rock-salt,754.Kickelhagn. See Claus.Kiliani, H., action of sodium amalgamon arabinose, 714. - arabinose, 229. - arabinosecarboxylic acid and ara-binose, 465.Kimmins, C.W., periodates, TRANS.,356.Kinch, E., the amount of chlorine inrain-water collected a t Cirencester,TRANS., 92. - plrtttneri te, 451.Kinch, E., F. E. B u t l e r , and H. A.Miers, ncw varietyof dufrenite fromCornwall, 451.Kinkelin, F. See Miller.Kipping, I?. S., synthetical formationof closed carbon-chains in the aroma-tic series, PBOC., 93.R i r c her, G., tetrachlororthobenzoyl-benzoic acid, 831.Kisser, E. See Goldschmidt.Klason, P., action of acids on thiocya-nic acid, 1025. - action of chlorine on carbon bisul-phide, and of sulphur on carbon tetra-chloride, 1015. - carbon oxysulphide, 1015. - estimation of thiocyanic acid, 11pP. - free thiocyanic and cyanuric acidsand their compounds with ethers andalcohols, 789.- substitution of amidogen by hy-drothionyl and oxysulphuryl groups,478.-+ sugar formed in the inversion oflichens, 25. - synthesis of cyanphenin, 363.soils, 77.worms, 68.K 1 a son, P., thio-derivatives of ethyl- toluenedisulphonic acids, 264, 491.Kleemann, S., reduction of nitro-opi-Kleemann,S. See also Liehermann.Klein, J., estimation of formic acidand of organic matter in water, 1000.K l i e n, composition of barley and pease,73.Klobbie, E. A. See Franchimont.Klobukoff, N. v., new apparatus forelectrochemical investigations, 200.Klotz, C. See K n o r r .Knapp, F., formation of ultramarinein the wet way, 110.Kniesche, T., tungsten, 14.Knoevenagel, 0. See Fischer.Knop, A., biotite, 646. - crystallised niobic anhydride, 642.- peridote of Schelinger Matten, 1086. - pseudobiotite, 646.Knop, W., determination of ammoniain arable soil, 297.K n o r r , L., cinnamylhydrazine, 665.- correction: action of ethyl aceto-acetate on orthophenylenediamine,247.carbonate, 1029.anic acid, 584.- pFrazole-derivatives, 678. -- synthesis of quinoline-derivatives,847. - synthetical experiments by meansof ethyl acetoacetate, 159, 275, 601.Knorr, L., and C. Klotz, pyrazoline-derivatives from ethyl benzoylacetate,1121. -- reduction of hydroxylepidineand methyllepidone, 278.K n o r r e , G. v., employment of nitroso-a-naphthol in quantitative aiialysis,530.Kobb, G. J., spectrum of germanium,313.Kobert, croton oil, 798.K o c h, E., behaviour of tertiary %minestowards nitrous acid, 1041.- butylchloral hydrate and chloralhydrate as antidotes for strychnineand picrotoxin, 391.Koch, F. See Curtius.Koch, R., determination of the freeacid in tannin liquor by titration, 871,1144.K o c h s, W., determination of sulphurin albuminoiids, 396.KO c k, E., formation of haloid substitn-tion-tierivatives of timido-compoundsby the reduction of nitro-derivativesof hydrocarbons, 810. - triphenylmethane-derivatives, 836.Kobrich, A., determination of organicmatter in natural water, 5331172 IKDEX OF 4UTHORS.K o h l e r, A., nitro-derivatives of me-thyluracil , 128.K on i g, G. A., manganese-zinc serpen-tine from Flanklin, New Jersey, 646. - stromeyerite, from Mexico, 643.Konig, J., composicion of the innerbrown akin of the earth nut, 519.Koenigs, W.See Comstock, Hey-mann.Koenigs, W.? and J. U. Nef, 4'-phenylq~~inolme and the derived di-quinolyls, 599.K o e r n e r , Gt., and A. Menozzi, actionof ammonia on ethyl bromosuccinate,1031.-- - a-amidoisosuccinic acid, 801. -- transformation of fumaricand male'ic acids into aspartic acidand aspaTagine, 1100.K o r n er, M., derivatives of benzoylor-thamidobenzamide, 1044.Koga, Y. See Gowland.K O hner, A., deteiminationof cadmiumand its separation from copper, 398.Kokacharoff, N. J. v., turquoise fromthe Kirghis Steppes, 1021.Eol&E ek, F., alteration of freezingpoints, 879.Koninck. See De Koninck.Kostanecki, 5. v., formation of- synthesis of B-orcinoil, 39.Kostanecki, 5.v. See also Lieber-Kos t i u r i n a , S., action of pepsin onK o to, B., glaucophane, 1086. - Japanese rocks, 564.Kowalemsky, N., formationof methoe-moglobin in blood by the action ofalloxantin, 508.Kraemer, G., and W. B o t t c h e r ,the relation between petroleum andthe hydrocarbons of coal-tar andshale-tar, 648.K r a f f t, E., benzene-derivatives ofhigh molecular weight, 252.Krasser, F., presence of albumin invegetable tissues : microchemical testfor albuminoYds, 407.K r a u s , J., so-called soluble starch,173.K r a u t , K,, oxidation of ammonia inpresence of platinum or palladium,635.Hrekeler, E., action of sulphuric acidon aromatic ketones, 141. - pentathiophen-group, 239.r e mp, manurial experiments withvarious phosphates, 1137.Kretschmar, M., detection of boronin milk, $c., 864.euxanthic acid, 272.ni ann.amylo'id, 506.Kretschmar, M., estimation of fat,- estimation of potassium in ashesK r e u s l e r , U., amount of oxygen in the- is nitric acid formed in the organ-- observations on the growth of pota-Krosberg, K.See Claus.K r o u c h k o 11, polarisation of copper,Kriiger, F., absorption of light by oxy-Kriiss, G., atomic weight of gold, 360,- gold, 450, 554, 778. - gold oxides, 15.-- sublimed auric chloride, 341. - universal spectroscope, 179.K r u s s , G., and L. F. Nilson, com-ponents of the rare earths yieldingabsorption spectra, 890. -- earths and niobic acid fromfergusonite, 706. -- equivalent and atomic weightof thorium, 704.-- potassium germanium duo-ride; 704. -- reduction of potassium nio-bium fluoride with sodium, 706.Kriiss, G., and H. S o l e r e d e r , reduc-tion of inorganic sulpho-salts by hy-drogen, 111.KriisR, G. See also Hoffmann.Kubel, W., preparation of lead car-Kiilz, E., active p-hydroxybutyric acid,- decomposition of bromides and- Indian-yellow and glycuronic acid,Kiiiz, R., gases of parotid saliva, 287.Kues, W., and C. P a a l , diketonicacids, 261. -- synthesis of a-phenylthio-phen, 238.K u t t n e r , P. See Claus.K u h a r a, M., orthotolylphthalimide,586.Kuhlmann, E., determination of nor-mal carbonates in '' bicarbonates,"528.Kunz, G. F., meteoric iron from Au-gusta Co., Virginia, 454. - meteoric iron from Gllorieta Mt.,New Mexico, 120.- meteorites from Kentucky andMexico, 564.Kunz, H., emetine, 980.402.and minerals, 864.atmosphere, 634.ism of higher plants ? 686.toes, 71.757.hemoglobin, 1126.1019.bonate, 446.290.iodides by the stomach, 508.498INDEX 01Kupferschlaeger, titration of zincpowder, 865.L.L a Coste, W., and P. Valeur, de-rivatives of a-quinolinedisulphonicacid. 973.-- quinolinedisulphonic acids andtheir derivatives, 379.Lacre. 8ee D e Lacre.Lacroix, A., critical examination of- lammelar thomsonite, 350. - plumbocalcite from Wenlock Head,- white epidote from the BeagleLadd, E. F., pepsin versus animalLadenburg, A., cinnamene of the- constitution of benzene, 362.- constitution of tropine, 740.- formation of pyrrolidine, 1052. - identity of cadarerine with penta-- piperidine bases, 64.- piperidine 8eries, 740.- pyridine bases, 59. - pyrrolidine, 499. - specitic rotation of piperidine bases,- synthesis of active conine, 160.Ladenburg A., and F. Peterson,Ladenburg, A., and C. F. R o t h ,Laf on t, J., action of glacial acetic acidLafont, J. See also Bouchardat.Laible, estimation of phosphoric acid,Landero. See D e Landero.Landsberg, L., preparation of vanil-Landwehr, H. A., animal gum, 26. - free hydrochloric acid of the- precipitation of dextrin by iron,- reagent fop the hydroxyl-giaoup,Lang, E., action of zinc alkyl com-- decomposition of ethyl acetomalo-- furfuran-derivatives from phloro-Lange, G.See Cahn, Lellmann.some minerals, 350.557.Canal, Terra del Fuego, 350.digestion, 513.pyridine series, 737.methylenediamine, 125, 1057.164, 282.duboisine, 740.bases from animal oil, 157.on lzevogyrate camphene, 969.526.lin, 483.gastric juice, 287.4.01.124.pounds on ethyl malonate, 261.nate and its hornologues, 717.glucinol, 262.AUTHORS. 1173L an g e li, T., trimethylpropylammo-L a n g l o i s, M., specific heats of liquids,L a s 8 e r - C o hn, sodium and potassiumLatschinoff, P., bile acids, 682. - crystalline form of choleic acid,683.Laube, U., decolorising power of bone-black, 619.Laugier, P., action of selenious acidon manganese dioxde, 775.L a u r e n t , E., the bacillus of panaryfermentation, 70.L a u r i e , A.P., electromotive force of aconstant cell with moving plates, 314. - electromotive force of a voltaic cellhaving an aluminium plate as elec-trode, 315.Laurie, A. P.Lawson, A. T.L e Bel, J. A., Russian petroleum, 225.Lebensbaum, M., amount of oxygeritaken up in the decomposition ofhzeluoglobin into albumin and hzema-tin, 854.L e c h a r t i e r , G., cider ash, 520.Le Chatelier, H., action of heat onclays, 785. - constitution of clays, 785.c_ laws of solution, 548. - thermodynamics and chemistry,L e d e r e r , G. See Curtius.Ledroit, J. M., so-called trachyte-dolerites of the Vogelsberg, 904.Legler, L., estimation of glycerol infermented liquids, 1142.Lehmann, 3’. See Pfeiffer, W a l -lach.Leighton, (3.W., crystalline scaleformed in the manufacture of sodiumhydrogen carbonate, 108.nium iodide and hydroxide, 461.419.eLhyl tartrates, 918.See also Thorpe.See Z incke.431.- mica from Leon Go., Texas, 119.Leitgeb, H., crystalline deposits inLeko, M. T., thiophen in aniline, 471.Lellmann, E., existence of two seriesof 4- (ana) derivatives of quinoline,973. - phenylpiperidine, 604. - preparation of @-nitronaphthalene,590.Lellmann, E., and H. Alt, quinoline,502.Lellmann, E., and 0. Bonhoffer,introduction of carboxyl into aro-matic derivatives by the action ofdiphenylcarbamide chloride, 935. -- introduction of carboxyl intoaromatic hydrocaybons, 254.dahlia tubere, 11361174 IXDEX OF AUTHORS.Lellmann, E., and Gt. Lange, quino-line, '737.Lellmann, E., and C.Schleich, nitro-benzyl-derivatives of ethyl malonate,490.Lemoine, G., influence of heat on thedecomposition of oxalic acid by ferricchloride, 384.L e No b e 1, C., action of reducing agentson hsematin: presence of products ofreduction in pathologic urine, 1127.Lenz, W., testing indigo dyes onfabrics, 1147.Leo, If., reducing substance in diabeticurine, 513. - trypsin in urine, 69.Leone, T., changes induced in water bythe development of bacteria, 615.Leone, T., and A. Longi, properties ofolive, sesame, and cotton oils, 536.Lepe t i t , R., pyridine-derivatives frommetanitrobenzaldehgde, 1053. - reaction of nitrobenzaldehydes withethyl acetoacetate and ammonia, 845.Lerch, J. Z., red dye from chloralhydrate, '793.L e R o y e r, A., /3-dichlorophthnlic acid,832.L e s c o e u r, H., dissociation of hydratedoxalic acid, 915.- hydrates of barium chloride, '766. - hydrates of sodium arsenate, 698. - the relation between the efflor-escence and deliquescence of saltsand the maximum vapour-tensions oftheir saturated solutions, 208. - vapour-tension of sodium acetate,322.- velocity of dissociation, 100.Lesseps. See De Lesseps.Leu c k a r t, R., carveol, borneol, andmenthol, 3'76.L e u c k a r t , R., and E. Bach, bornyl-amine, 3'76.Leuckart, R., and A. Herrmann,nitrotolylglycine and oxydihydrotolu-quinoxaline, 383.Levallois, A., characteristics of oliveoil, 535.Levi, L. E., thiophen-green, 481.L6vy, L., colour reactions of arsenic,arsenious, vanadic, and molpbdic an-hydrides, and of antimony and bis-muth oxides, 305.- colour reactions of titanic, niobic,tantalic, and stannic anhydrides, 304.- estimation of titanic acid, 1064.Levy, S., and I(. Jedlidka, action ofbromine on bromanilic and chlor-anilic acids, 1106.Lewy, L., aniline and its homolognes,134.Leybold, W., burette jet, 688.L'H o t e, L., detection and estimationof aluminium in wine and in grapes,690. - detection and estimation of vana-dium in minerals, 690.L'Hote, L. See also Girard.Liborius, P., bacterial life in relationLiebermann, C., constitution of azo-- derivatives of opianic acid, 45. - isomeride of hemipinimide, 258.Liebermann, C., and 0. Bergami,cocceryl alcohol and coccerylic acid,650.to oxygen, 291.opianic acid, 257.-- ruberythric acid, 1051.Liebermann, C., and A.Gimbel,preparation of anthrmol and di-anthryl, 965.Liebermann, C., and S. Kleemann,etherification of opianic acid, 584. - -- opianic acid-derivatives, 47.Liebermann, C., and 8. v. Kosta-necki, spectra. of the methyl-deriva-tives of hydroxyanthraquinone, 1.Liebermann, C., and M. Romer,alkannin, 1051.Liebermann, C., and P. Seidler,opiaurin, 580.Liebermann, C., and W. Wense,hydroxyanthraquinone dyes, 593.Liebermann, C., and 0. N. Witt,azines of chrysoquinone, 1049.Liebermann, L., detection of albuminin urine, 1150.Liebmann, A., and S t u d e r , detectionof rosaniline salts, 405.L i e b r ec h t, A., reduction of nicotine,161.Liebrecht, A.8ee also E i n h o r n .L i f s c h u t z , J. See P i n n e r .Limpach, L. See Conrad.L i m p r i c h t , H., sulphazides, '723.L i nak, G., crystallography of cadmiumL i n d e, O., estimation of hydrocyanicLindot, L., action of alcohols on auro-L i n do, new sugar reactions, '751.Lindstrom, G., copper mineral frcm- phosphoricaiihy dride in felspar,347.L i n g , A. R., isomeric change in theLinn, F. See Morse.L i n o s s i er, G., compound of haematinLintner, C. J., diast)ase, 165.Lipp, A., para- and ortho-nitrophenyl-borotungstate, 334.acid, 1143.phosphorous Chloride, 227.Sunnerskog, Sweden, 343.phenol series, TRANS., 147, 782.with nitric oxide, 854.oxyacrylic acid, 142INDEX OF AUTHORS.11i5L i p p, A., tetrahydropicoline, 277.L i p p man n, E., dehydrogenation bymeans of benzoic peroxide, -151.Lippmann, E., and E’. F l e i s s n e r ,synthesis of hydroxyquinolinecarbosy -lie acid, 63, 1119.Lippmann, E. 0. v., a new galttctan:properties of galactose, 652.Lipski, A. A., comparative estimationof preparations of pepsin, 66.List, E., organic and inorganic con-stituents of grapes, 860.L i s t , R., action of thiocarbamide onethyl acetoacetate, 127.L i s t , R. See also Fahlberg.Livermore, W. D. See Norton.Liweh, T.,conyrineplatinochloride, 383..__ 2 : 6 dimethylpyridine platino-Lloyd, J. V., asiminine, 981.Lloyd, R., conversion of the higherhomologues of phenol into amines, 7%1.Locher, M. See Ziegler.Lodter, W.See Bamberger.L oeb, M., amidine-derivatives, 42.Loebisch, W. I?., and P. Schoop,L o s c h, A., the’ine estimation, 1002.L 6 s c h, A. A., brucite from the Ural, 345.Loew, O., catalytic actions, 440. - diastase, 387. - formose, 459.Loges, Q., determination of phos-Lommel, E., phosphorescence, 410.L o n g i , A. See Leone.Lopatine, N., action of aniline onethyl dibromosuocinate, 1046.L or y, C., microscopio c r j stals of albitein calcareous rocks of the WesternAlps, 1023.Losanitsch, S. M., mineral watersfrom Servia, 648.Louguinine. See B e r t h e l o t .Lowe, C. W., dibenzyl ether, TRANS.,Lowmann, 0. See Claisen.Luckow, C., separation of metals byoxalic acid, 529.Ludwig, E., and G. Tschermak,meteorite from Angra dos Reis, 1087.Liidecke, 0.) crystallography of somepolyiodides, 910.- minerals from the Stassfurt saltmines, 1085.Liideking, C., post-mortem detectionof chloroform, 305.Lunge, Q., analysis of expIosives, 86. - conversion of calcium hypochloriteinto calcium chlorate, 11. - detection of nitrogen compoundsin seleniferous sulphuric wid, 998.chloride, 378.strychniue, 282.phoric acid in basic slag, 527.700.Lunge, G., and J. Rosenberg, coal-tarlutidines, 449.Lunge, G., and R. Schoch, action ofammonia on bleaching powder, 700.Lunge, M. See Cahn.Luvini, J., electrical conductivity ofgases and vapours, 4.Luzzato, E., antimonite from Val-dagno, 1084.Luzzato. See also Zambelli.Lwoff, J., fatty acids i i i resin, 653.M.Mabery, C. F., products from the- substituted acrylic and propionicMacadam, W.I., butyrellite, 17.- talc used in paper-making, 452.Maragno, J., determination of tan-nin in sumach, 624.Mc Cay, L. W., arsenic pentasulphide,213.McCulloch, N., estimation of chro-mate in the presence of dichromate,304.- volumetric estimation of cobalt inpresence of nickel, 2141.MacGo wan, Q., dihalold-derivativesof thiocarbamide, TRANS., 378.- sulphinic compounds of carbamideand thiocarbamide, TRANS., 666.MeGregor, J. G., density of weakaqueous solutions of salts, 209.MacIvor, R. W. E., bisrnuthic gold,707.- minerals occurring in Australianbat guano, 708.- New Zealand graphite, 555. - perbromic acid, 698.M ackenzie,G.S., rare copper minerahMackie, W. See C a r n e l l e y .Mackintosh, J.B., improved form ofElliot’s gas apparatus, 1137.-separation of nickel and cobaltfrom iron, 1141.McLoughlin, S. See Colby.MacMunn, C. A,, invertebrate chro-- myohsmatin, 983.Macnair, D. S., apparatus for vapour-density determinations, 765. - separation of acetic and formicacids, 751.Macnair, D. S.Marc k e r, M., diffusion residues, 521.-value of the phosphoric acid inbasic slag, 687.Cowles electrical furnace, 551.acids, 570.from Utah, 19.matology, 613.See also Bott1176 INDEX OF AUTHORS.M a g e r s t e i n , v., comparative manu-rial values of Chili saltpetre and am-, monium sulphate, 77. - experiments with Chili saltpetre,78.Ma gn a n i mi, O., chloro-derivatives ofacetals, 28.Magnani ni, U., transformation ofhomologues of indole into those ofquinoline, 1113.- piperiline, 457.M a i r e t , A., and Combemale, phy-c_- therapeutic action of colchi--- therapeutic action of methylal,I_ -toxic action of colchicine, 515.Ms.lbo t, H., preparation of isobutyl-amines, 356.- preparation of normal prop-$-amines and isoarnylamines, 652. - salts of di-isobutylamine, 461. - separation of mono- and di-iso-&allet, J. w., silver in cotopaxi vol-Malo t, estimation of phosphoric acid,Manasse, O., vanadates of the alkalineMrtnasse. See also Claisen.Maneuvrier, G., formation of theelectric arc without contact of theelectrodes, 626.M a n k i e w i c z, detection of phospho-rus, 566.Mannley, Gt., estimation of indigo,114’7.Mansfeld, W., derivatives of di-ethylene disulphide, 122.Maquenne, inosite and its derivatives,355, 459, 908.- identity of dambose with inosite,909.Maquenne. See also DehBrain.Marcacci, A., action of alkaloyds inthe animal and vegetable kingdoms,859.M arcet, W., volumetric estimation ofcarbonic anhydride, 528.Marceuse, W., formation of lacticacid during muscular activity, 508.Mares, excretion of urea and uric acidfrom the system, 856.M a r g o t t e t , J. See H a u t e f e u i l l e .Mrtrino - Zuco, F.Markownikoff and J. Spady, con-stitution of the hydrocarbon CnHsnfrom Caucasian petroleum, 922.M a r q u a r d t , A., alkyl compounds ofbismuth, 802.siological action of methylal, 391.cine, 614.684.butylaniines, 357.canic ash, 454.1063.earths, 339.See Celli.Marshall, J., glycosuric acid, 1047.- Hiifner’s reaction in bile, 390.- new ureometer, 310.M a r t i n , E. W., detection of artificialcolouring matters in butters, &c., 1149.M a r t i n , 5. H. C., protejids of the seedsof jequirity, 990. - vegetable globulins, 50’7.Mrrrtinoff, A. See Chroustchoff.Mas c h k e, L., S-naphthylamine-deriva-- trimethylnaphthalene, 841.Mas on, A. T., condensation-derivativesof ethylenediamine, 493.Matthey, E., metallurgy of bismuth,900.Matthiessen, C. H., and W. B.Mi x t er, orthazoparabrornacetanilide,251.Matzudaira, C., dibenzylaniline andits derivatives, 812.Maum e n 8, E., action of nitric acid onsugar, 567.- alloys of platinum, iron, andcopper, 778. - “ saccharin,” 836.- water of crptallisation of alums,218.Mayer, A., exhalation of oxygen byfleshy-leaved plants in absence of car-bonic anhTdi-ide, 988. - nature of Nageli’s starch-cellulose,460.May er, F., nitro-#-cumidinesulphonicacid, 953. - reduction of trinitro-+-cumene, 36,659.Me em, J. Gt., limonite-pseudomorphsafter iron pyrites, 116.MQhu, C., sugar in urine, 1060.- urea estimation, 1001.Meineke, C., analysis of clays, 1139. - determination of mangmese, 1139. - determination of phosphorus in- volumetric determination of man-&Ieissler,A.,ethyl isobutyl ether, 1088.Meissner, F., heat evolved when pow-ders are moistened, 9.Meldola, R., constitution of diazo-amido-compounds, 818.- preparation of dinitronaphthyl-amine ; metanitrophenyFlazodimethy1-amidobenzene, 152.- Wallach‘s explanation of theisomeric transformation of diazo-amidobenzene into amido-azobenzene,PROC., 27.Meldola, R., and F. W. S t r e a t f e i l d ,diazoamido-compounds, TUNS., 102,434.tives, 838.steel and iron, 396.ganese, 531INDEX 0 1 7 AUTHORS. 11 77Meldola, R., aud F. W. S t r e a t f e i l d ,notes on anhydro-bases : ethenyltri-amidouaphthalene, TRAN s ., 691.Meli kof f, P., constitution of chloro-hydroxybutyric acid and dichloro-butyric acid, 30. - derivatives of tiglic acid, 29.MendelBeff, D., the compounds ofethyl alcohol with water, TRANS., 778.Mend enhall, T. C., electrical resist-ance of soft carbonunder pressure, 315.Menke, A.E., action of ferric sulphateon iron, 703.Menke, A. E.Menozzi, A., and C. Belloni, a-methylamidovaleric acid, 797.Menozzi, A. See also Koerner.Mensching, J., and V. Meyer, be-haviour of phosphorus, arsenic, andantimony at a white heat, 888. -- vapour-density of potassiumiodide, 550. -- vapour-density of zinc, 218.Mente, A. SeeOst.Men t ha, E., chloroparazotoluene, 248.Mentha, E.,and K. Heumann, cyan-azobenzene and para-azobenzene-carboxlic acid, 248. -- parachlorazobenzene-deriva-tives, 247.Merck, C. E., ecgonine, 284.M e r c k, E., strophanthus and strophan-thin, 1116.M e r l i n g , G., action of bromine ondiiiiethylpiperidine, 164.Mermet, A., lecture experiments, 769.Mertens, E., action of amines onphthalylacetic acid, 51.Merz, V., and P.Muller, aniline anddiphenylamine from phenol, 243. -- conversion of phenols intoamines, 576.Merz, V., and C. Ris, action ofethylenediamine on catechol, 722.Mettegang, H. See Bernthsen.M e u n i er, S., artificial formation of- meteoric iron at Fort Duncan,- mineral waters from Java, 224.Meusel, E., effects of thiocyanates onvegetation and fermentation, 519.Meyer, A. B., nephrite from Alaaka,222.Meyer, E. v., preparation of iodo-benzene from phenylhydrazine, 1042. -- synthesis of cyanphenin, 363.Meygr, G., refractive index of ice, 753.Meyer, L., action of carbon tetra-- apparatus for fractional distillationSee also Scovell.rose-spinel or Balas ruby, 707.Texas, 647.chloride on oxides, 552.under reduced pressure, 884.M eyer, L., halogen carriers, 326.M eyer, V., isophthdaldehyde, 940.- negative nature of the phenyl-- physiological action of chlorinated- preparation of P-iodopropionic--- properties of some metals, 445. - relation of a-thiophenic acid to thenormal thiophencarboxylio acids, 129. - stability of corrosive sublimatesolution, 774.- thiodiglycol compounds, 228.Meyer, V., and K. Neure, bye-pro-ducts of the thiophen manufacture,805.Meyer, V., and A. W. Warrington,action of acetic chloride on amines,TRANS., 683.Meyer, V. See also Daccomo,Demuth, Mensching.Michael, A., action of ethyl sodaceto-acetate and sodonialonate on the ethylsalts of unsaturated acids, 672. - action of phosphorus pentachlorideon acetanilide, 481.- behaviour of acetic acid and itsderivatives to phosphorus pentachlor-ide, 359.- behaviour of ethyl oxalate withresorcinol, 949. - condensation of aldehydes withphenols, 825. - constitution of trime thy lenetricar -boxylic acid, 468. - convenient method of preparingbrominated fatty acids, 358. - formation of indigo-blue fromorthonitrophenylpropiolic acid, 672.- reactions with ethyl sodacetoace-tate and ethyl sodomalonate, '716.- reduction of the isomeric bromo-cinnamic acids, 668.Michael, A., and G. M. Browne,aromatic hpdroxylamines, 663. -- isomerism in the cinnamicacid series, 582. -- isomerism in the crotonicacid series, 656, 1029.Michael, A., and J. P. Ryder, actionof aldehydes on phenols, 723.Michaelis, A., organo-bismuth com-pounds, 368.- tellurium dichloride, 1078.- valency of bismuth, 340. - vapour-density of tellurium te-trachloride : valency of tellurium,770.Michaelis, A., and A. P o l i s , tri-phenylbismuthine and its derivatives,368.group, 572.ethyl mlphides, 857.acids, 2321178 INDEX OF AUTHORS.Michaelis, A., and F. Schmidt,isomeric mono- and di-benzoylphenyl-hydrazines, 365. - -- unsymmetrical benzoylphe-nylhJ-drazine, 820.Michaelis, A,, and L. W e i t z , triani-sglarsine and its derivatives, 367.Miers, H. A. See Kinch.Miesler, J., electromotive dilutioncomtants of silver and copper salts,1072.Miles, F. P., formation of potassiumsilicide, 450. - supposed meteorite from HighlandCo., Virginia, 455.Miles, M., nitrifjing microbes, 1134.Miller, A.K , compound of amylenewith nitric oxide, PROC., 108. - recent papers by A. v. Baeyer andJ. Thomsen on the constitution ofbenzene, TRANS., 208.Miller, A. K., and T. Baker, compo-sition of shde spirit, PROC., 97.Millel; A. R., preserving standardtarlar-emetic solutions, 403.Miller, N., ferment organisms of thealimentary canal, 288.Miller, N. H. J.Miller, W. v., action of aniline onmixtures of fatty aldehydes, 974. - condensation of quinoldine withaldehydes, 975.- nitrosalicjlaldehvdes, 938.Miller, W. v., a n i F. Kinkelin,action of aniline on a mixture of prop-aldehyde and acetal, 975. -- condensation of isobutalde-hyde and methylal with aniline,957. -- a -m etani tropheny lparameth -oxyquinoline and its derivatives, 978.- - nitrocoumaraldehpdes, 939.Mills, E. J., action of heat on potassiumchlorate and perchlorate, 767.N i l l s , T. W., urine of the tortoise,170.Miuria, M., melanin, 855.Mixter, W. G., acid propionatea andbutyrates, 231:Mixter, W. (3. See also Dyer, M a t -thieson, Osborn.Mohlau, E., and C. Hoffmann, alkylhypochlorites from isonitroso-com-pounds, 795.Moller, G., Eggerzt’s method of esti-mating sulphur in iron, 296.Morner, I(. A. H., pigments of mela-notic sarcomata, 168.M o h r, C., estimation of phosphoricacid, 864.MoinB, F., action of bibasic acids onthiocarbimide, 489.See J a p p .M o is s an, H., phosphorus pentafluoride,212.Molisch, H., new test for coniferin,692.- relations between inorganic saltscontaining nhrogen, and plants, 989.Moll, J.W., microchemical detectionof tannin, 311.Monari, A., formation of xanthocrea-tinine in the organism, 613.Mondhsir. See D e MondBsir.Moore, G. D. See Anschutz.Moore, R. W., carrot colour in butter,310.Moore, T., direct precipitation ofnickel oxide in presecce of iron, 1141. - estimation of nickel in ores, mattes,and slags, 303.- modified ferric chloride cell, 1071. - peculiar formation in nickel regu-lus, 1081.Moo a, F., condensation products ofethylene-aniline with aldehydes, 577.Morawski, T., and J. Stingl, fatof the soja bean, 687. - - sugars of the soja bean,686.Morgan, J. J., rapid estimation ofpilicon, sulphur, and manganese iniron and steel, 1140.Morin, E.C. See Clrtudon.Morley, F. H., substitution in theMorse, H. N., and A. F. L i n n , deter-Morse, H. N., and C. Pigot, determi-Miihlhiiuser, O., manufacture of- manufacture of dimethylaniline,- manufacture of methyl-riolet, 821. - manufacture of methylene-blue,- manufacture of resorcinol, 5’74.Muller, formation of sugar in grapes,Miiller, C. O., formation of albumi-Muller, F., aniline poisoning, 514.Muller, F. See also F r i e d l a n d e r .Mueller, H., physiological rdle of vineleaves, 685.Muller, P., primary and secondaryxylamines from xylenols, 663.Muller, P. See also Merz.M u l l e r , R. See Bamberger.Muller, W., metamethglcinnamic midand its derivatives, 724.Miiller-Erzbach, W., dependence ofchemical af%nity on temperature,628.benzene nucleus, TRANS., 579.mination of nitric acid, 181.nation of butter in milk, 752.benzaldehyde-green s, 579.576.480.517.noyds in plants, 70INDEX OF AUTHORS.1179Mull e r - E r z b a c h, W., dissociation of- dissociation of salts containing- dissociation of sodium phosphate,- hydrates of barium and strontium- rate and vapour-tension of disso-Munchmeyer, F., action of hydroxyl-- action of hydroxylamine and* phenylhydmzine on dialdehydes andM u h l e r t , F., action of acetamide onBluhlert, F. See also B e r n t h s e n .Muir, M. M. P., and D. J. Carnegie,contributions from the 1a.boratory ofGonville and Caius College, Cam-bridge. No. VIII. On bismuthates,TRANS., 77.M u l l e r , J.A., influence of temperatureand pressure on the action of potas-sium chloride on crude methylaminecarbonate, 771, - new class of ferrocyanides andferricyanides, 649.Muller, H., action of diastase and in-vertin, 166.Munk, J., formation of fat in the dogfrom carbohydrates, 288.Munro, J. M. H., influence of theferric oxide in basic cinder on thegrowth of plants, 178.Munro, J. M. H. See also W r i g h t -son.M u n t z , A., dstribution of the nitricferment and its function in the disin-tegration of rocks, 1135. - ripening of seeds, 173.Muntz, A., and C. G i r a r d , productionof farmyard manure, 175.M u r t f e l d . See Claus.M u t h m a n n , W., argentous com-- loner oxides of molybdenum, 553.Muthmann, W., and J.U. Nef, cin-Mylius, E., red coloration of phenol,- thalle'ioquinine reaction, 311.Mylius, F., cholic acid, 606, 982. - iodide of starch, 568. - Pettenkofer's reaction, 1149.copper sulphate, 208.water of clytallisation, 207.436.hydroxides, 765.ciation, 696.amine on diketones, 373.ketones, 482.orthochloroquinoline, 848.pounds, 636.chonic acid, 598.807.N.Nageli, E. See Schulze.Nagamatsz, A., functions of chloro-phyll, 516.N asi n i, R., molecular refraction of car-bon compounds, 626.Nasini,R., and A. Scala, ally1 trisul-phide, 1088. -- molecular refractive energiesof deriyatires of carbon bisulphide,753. -- molecular refractive energiesof thiocyanates and thiocarbimides,754.N a t a n s o n, E., cooling of carbonic an-hydride on expansion, 880.N a u t i e r , A., suprrphosphate manuringfor sugar-beet, 295.N ef, J.U., benzoquinonecarboxylicacids, 255. - nitranilic acid from chloranil, 926.Nef, J. U. See also Muthmann,Negreano, specific inductive power ofNettlefold, F., absorption of nitric- nitrocellulose, 792. - sodium nitrate in gun-cotton, '715.Neumann, C. v., nickel and carbonelement, 757.Neumann, G., determination ofmetallic iron in slags, 1144). - nitrophenylbenzoates and nitro-benzoates, 254. - preparation of oxygen and of sul-phurous anhydride with Eipp's appa-ratus, 769.Neumann, a. S., sulphuric acid as aniodine carrier, 573.Neumeister, R., albumoses, 285. -- vitelloses, 286.Neure, K. See Meyer.Nickel, O., quantitative estimation ofoxalic acid in urine, 401.N i c o 1, W.W. J., expansion of salt solu-tions, 760. - supersaturation of salt solutions,TRANS., 389. - rapour-pressures of water fromsalt solutious, 321.Niedschlag, W., decomposition ofsaccharose by boiling with lime,1026.N iem e n t o w s k i, S., anhydro-com-pounds, 937.Niementowski, S., and M. Obrem-ski, metaformotoluide and its deriva-tives, 935.Nietzki, R., constitution of nitranilicacid, 134. - constitution of safi.anine, 250, - formation of croconic acid fromK 3 e n i g s.liquids, 413.oxide by sulphuric acid, 526.benzene-deriratires, 8051180 INDEX OF AUTHORS.N i e t z k i, R., hexa-derivatives of ben-- safranine dyes, 249.Kietzki, R., and J.G o t t i g , p-a-azo-naphthalene, 590.Nietzki, R., and A. L. Guitermann,naphtholcarboxylic acids, 732.Nietzki, R., and E. Hagenbach,tet,ramidobenzene and its derivatives,476.Nietzi, R., and F. Kehrmann, qui-nonedioxime and dinitrosobenzene,575. -- secondary and tertiary qui-nones, 473.Nietzi, R., and J. Preusser,constitu-tion of dinitroquinol : formation ofnitranilic acid, 574.Nietzi, R., and T. Steinmann, pur-purogallin, 733.Nilson, L. I?., and 0. P e t t e r s o n ,physical constants of germanium andtitanium, and their conipounds, 778.Nilson, L. F.Noah, E., tetrahydroxyanthraquinones,56.Nordenskiold, A. E., cosmical pow-der from San Fernando, Chili, 22. - equivalent of gadolinium oxide,109. - gearksutite from Ivigut, Green-land, 344.Norton, L.M.,and W. D. Livermore,action of dilute nitric acid on substi-tuted amido-compounds, 1038.Norton, L. M., and A. A. Noyes,action of heat on et,hglene, 226.N o r t o n , L. M., and H. J. Williams,action of bromine on isobutylene, 712.N o u r r i s s on, C., bromorthotoluic andbromopht halic acidB, 668.Novy, F. G., homologues of coca'ine,1126.Noyes, A. A. See N o r t o n .Noyes, W. A., and C. Walker,oxidation of benzene-derivatives withpotassium ferricyanide, 727.N u t h, G., furfuran-derivatives, 803.zene, 929.See also Kriiss.0.Obremski, M. See Niementowski.Ochftenius, C., phosphoric acid inOeconomides, L., ketines, 29.Oeconomides, L. See also Heu-mann.O e t t e l , F., volumetric method fordetermining fluorine, 179.Old bach, H., /3-methyltetramethylene-diamine and P-methylpyrrolidine, 735.Chili saltpetre, 558.Olivieri, V.See Canzoneri.Olszewski, K., absorption spectrum ofliquid oxygen and of atmospheric air,625. - boiling point of ozone : solidifica-tion of ethylene, 634.LI density of liquefied methane,oxygen and nitrogen, 694.Osborne, T. B., higher oxides ofcopper, 334.Osborne, T. B., and W. G. Mixter,paranitroformanilide, 250.Osmond, heating and cooling of caststeel, 14. - heating and cooling of melted steel,219.0 s m o n d, F., colorimetric estimation ofphosphorus, 999.- effect of manganese, &c., on theproperties of steel, 639.Osmond and W e r t h , residues ob-tained from steel and zinc by theaction of acids, 894.0 s t, H., and A.Men t e, oxalimide, 234.Ostwald, W., coefficients of affinity ofbases, 324.O t t , A., separation of globulin fromalbumin in urine, 406.0 t to, H., tetracalcium phosphate andbasic slag, 445.Otto, R., action of cyanuric chlorideand chlorocyanuricdiamide on phenols,1033. - synthesis of aromatic polysul-phides, 923.Otto, R.,and E. E n g e l h a r d t , phenyl-sulphinacetic acid, 263.Otto, R., and A. Rossing, action ofpotassium hydroxide on mixed alkylbisulphides, 371.-- action of potassium hydroxideon phenylenemetadiphen-ylsulphone,372. -- aromatic sulphonates con-taining bivalent alcohol radicles, 953. - - behaviour of aromatic-sul-phinic acids towwds hydrogen sul-phide, 1047.- - bisulphides with mixedorganic radicles, 242. -- reaction o€ organic bisulphideswith potassium sulphide, 226. -- reduction of aromatic thio-sulphonates containing alkyl radiclesby means of hydrogen sulphide, 954. -- sulp hobenzidedisulphonicacid, 263.O t t o , R., and K. Voigt, solid a-di-chlorethyl cyanide and its conversioninto triethyl cyanuride, 1024.Otto, R. Seealso Fromme,GabrieO u v r a r d , L. See TrooetINDEX OF AUTHORS. 1181P.P a a l , C., Constitution of pyrotritartariracid, 657.P a a l , C., and A. Piiscliel, 1 : 3 methyl-phenylthiophen and 1 : 2 thioxen,1101.P a a l , C., and C. W. T. Schneider,synthesis of pjrroline-derivatives,273.Partl, C.PadB, L., analysis of coffee, 1002.Pagnoul, A., manurial experimentsP a l l a , E., recent formation of marcasitePalm, R , detection and determination- detection of traces of albumin, 40’7.- determination of milk constituents,Palmer, C. S. See Remsen.P a l m q u i s t , A. See P e t t e r s o n .Pampel, O., and G. Schmidt,Panajotow, G., 1 : 3 dimethylquinal-P a r m e n t i e r , F., a particular case ofP a r m e n t i e r , F. See also Chancel.P a u l , B. H., and A. J. Cownley,amount of caffe’ine in various kinds ofcoffee, 394.See also Dietrich, Kues.with sugar-beets, 748.at Marienbad, 901.of lactic acid, 307.1003.aromatic ketones, 252.dine, 381.solution, 547.- - coffee, 1002.P a u l y , C., detection of potassium bymeans of sodium bismuth thiosul-phate, 1138.P e a r ce, R., goslarite from Montana,346.Pebal, conjectured thermochemicsllaw respectiEg non-reversible electro-lytic actions, 1072.PBchard.See Debray.Pechmann, H. v., isonitroso-deriva-tivea, 1103.Pechmann, H. v., and K. Wehsarg,diisonitrosoacetone, 28.Pechmann, H. v. See also Burton,Stokes.P e 11 a t , H., absolute electro-dynamo-meter, 200.P e l l i z z a r i , G., oxidising action ofalloxan, 1100.P e n f i e l d , S. L., plienacite fromColorado, 452.--- ranadinite from Arizona and KewMexico, 347.Penfield, S. L., and D. N. H a r p e r ,chemical composition of ralstonite, 345.P e n f i e l d , S. L., and F. S. Sperry,pseudoinorphs of garnet, 117.Penfield, S. L. See also Dana.Penzoldt. See Fischer.Peratoner, A., constitution of di-bromosalicylic acid, 48’7.- oxidation of the methyl ethers ofmono- and di-bromorthoisoproppl-phenols, 472. - substituted mono- and di-bromo-salicylic acids, 486.Perkin, A. G., and W. H. Perkin,jun., kamala, 2’72.P e r k i n , W. H., sen., magnetic rotationand densities of chloral, chloralhydrate, and hydrated aldehydes,TRANS., 808.-magnetic rotatory power of theethyl salts of malei’c and citraconicacids and their isomerides, PEOC.,98. - tartaric and racemic acids and themagnetic rotation of their etherealsalts, TRANS., 362.P e r k i n , W. H., jun., action of tri-methylene bromide on ethyl aceto-acetate, benzoylacetate, and acetone-dicarboxylate, 32. - dehydracetic acid, TRANS., 4W.- derivatives of hydrindonnphtheneand tetrahydronaphthalene, PRoC., 92.- Synthetical formation of closedcarbon-chains. I1 (cont.) Action oftrimethylene bromide on the sodiumcompounds of ethylic acetoacetate,benzoylacetate, paranitrobenzoyl-acetate, and acetonedicarboxylate,.TRANS., 702.- synthetical formation of closedcarbon-chains. Part 111. Some de-rivatives of pentamethylene, TRANS.,24.43. - synthetical formation of closedcarbon-chains. Part 11. On somederivatives of tetramethylene, TRANS.,1. - synthetical formation of closedcarbon-chains Part I (cont.) Tri-methylenedicarboxjlic acid, TRANS.,849.Perkin, W. H., jun., and P. C. Freer,ethyl acetotrimethylenecarbox~late,33.Perkin, W. H.,jun. SeealsoColman,F r e e r , and A. 0. P e r k i n .Perry, J.See Ayrton.Pesci and B e t e l l i , terebenthene-de-P e t ers, K., linole’ic acid, 126.Peterson, F. See Ladenburg.Pettersson, O., air analysis on a new- apparatus for gas analysis, 179.P e t t e r s o n , O., and A. Yalmquist,portable apparatus for the estimationrivatives, 272.principle, 1801182 INDEX OF AIJ'L'HORS.of carbonic anhydride in the atmo-sphere, 999.P e t t e r s o n , 0. See also Nilson.Pfeffer, W., absorption of anilinecolours by living cells, 747.P f eif f er, G., preparation of halogen-derivatives of pyridine bases from thepyridinecarboxylic acids, 844.P f e i f f e r , T., natural and artificial di-gestion, 167.P t e i f f e r , T., and F. Lehmann, addi-tion of sugar to cattle-foods, 511.P f l i i g e r , E., and I(.Bohland, esti-mation of urea in Imman urine withsodium hypobramite, 90.c-- Hufner's method of estimatingurea, 90.P f o r d t e n , 0. v. d., the lowest com-pounds of silver, 699. - titanium, 14, 337.P f u 1 f, A., hydrazinebenzenesulphonic- indoles, 956.P h i l i p , M. See Bamberger.Philips, B., unsymmetrical secondarjhydrazines, 1085.P i c ci n i, mineral associated with thecolumbite of Val Vigezzo, 1085.P i c k r r i n g , S. U., decomposition ofsodium carbonateby fusion, TRANs.,72. - determination of the constitutionof carbon compounds from thermo-chemical data, 423.- heat of hydration of salts, TRANS.,75. - influence of temperature on theheat of dissolutionof salts,TRANs., 290. - thermal phenomena of neutraliaa-tion and their bearing on the natureof solution and the theory of residualaffinity, TRANS., 593.Pieszeck, E.See Claus.Piggot, C. See Morse.Pinner, A., action of carbamide onphenylhFdrazines, 1042. - pyrimidines, 1053.P i n n e r , A., and J. L i f schutz, actionof cwbamide on the chloral cyan-hydrins, 1032. -- - action of carbamide on cyan-hydrins, 1054.P i o n c h o n, specific heats and changesof state at high temperatures, 201.Pisanello, G., hydrogenation of pro-pionitrile, 457.Pisani, F. See Des Cloizeaux.P i u t t i , A., reciprocal transformationof the optically active asparagines, 802. - synthesis of ethereal salts of tri-mesic acid, 491 and 587.P I a t z, P., estimrrtion of sulphur iniron, 1141.acids, 933.PlO chl, J., phenylglycidic acid, 254.- synthesis of pyridine bases, 598.Plugge, P. C., composition of papave-_I opium alkalo'ids, 280, 851.teat for narceine, 870. - volumetric estimation of acids insalts of the alkaloids, 621.Podwyssozki, W., method of pre-paring extracts of pepsin, 65.Polikiev, H. See Berlinerblau.P o 1 i 8 , A. , aromatic lead compounds,P o l i s , A. See also Michaelis.Polonowska,N. See Goldachmidt.Pomey, E., compound of orthotolui-dine with cupric chloride, 472.- compound of paratoluidine withcupric chloride, 472. - compound of propyl alcohol andphosphoplatinous chloride, 458.Posner, C., albumin in normal urine,390.P r e i s , K., and B. Rayman, decompo-sition of sodium thioarsenate by silvernitrate, 4 4 , 889.P r e u s s e r , J.See Xietzki.P r i b r am, R., specific rotation of opti-cally active substances in very dilutesolution, 755.P r i e t o , R. See De Landero.P r i n g l e , A., some probable new ele-ments, 107.Pringsheim, decomposition of car-bonic anhydride by chlorophyll, 685.P r i o r , E., estimation of the aciditr ofmalt, 87.P u c h o t, E., aldehyde resin, 1090.P u s c h e l . See Paal.Yukall, W., resorcinol-derivatives, 661.Pukall, W. See also Will.P u l v e r m acli er, G., homo-ortho-phthalimide, 111 1.P u r d i e , T., action of metallic alkyl-oxides on mixtures of ethereal saltswith alrohols, TRANS. , 627.P u r g o t ti, A., tribromopbenol, 573.rine, 852.-572.Q-Q u a n t i n , H., action of carbon tetra-chloride on chromyl dichloride andferric phosphate, 330.- reduction of copper sulphateduring alcoholic fermentation, 171. - Tunisian soils, 860. - volumetric determination of sul-phates, 181.Qu i n c k e, F., derivatives of acenaph-tliene, 503INDEX OF AUTHORS. 1183Quinquaud. See GrBhant.R.Racin e, S., derivatives of orthdoluic- phthalddehydic acid, 951.R a d i g u e t . See Tommassi.Rammelsberg, C., crystalline sihco-carbonate fiwm soda liquors, 12. -- occasional products in the sodamanufacture, 331.Ramsay, W., and 5. Young, con-tinuous transition from the liquid tothe gaseous state a t all temperatuyes,163. -- influence of change of con-dition from the liquid to the solidstate on vapour-pressure, 430.-- nature of liquids, 100. -- nature of liquids as shown bya sludy of the thermal properties ofstable and dissociable substances,430. - -- thermal properties of ether,320. - -- thermal properties of a mix-ture of ethyl alcohol and ethyl oxide,TRANS., 755.Ramsay, W. See also Reynolds.Ransom F., estimation of ipecacu-anha, 1147.Ransom, W. B., diabetes and glycerol,985.Ranvier, L., per-ruthenic acid in his-tology, 1060.R a o u 1 t , E., vapour-tensions of etherealsolutions, 207.R a o u l t , F. M., influence of concentra-tion on the vapour-tension of etherealsolutions, 631.R s s e h en, J., indoles from tolylhydr-azine, 956.Raschig, F., compounds of gold andnitrogen, 112. - reaction of nitrous acid with sul-phurous acid, 549, 635.R a t h , (3.v., cristobalite from Mexico,559.R a t h g e n , F. See Zincke.R a t h k e, B., melamines, 650. - thiamineline, 650. - triphenylthiammeline and a t.hirdR a u l i n , estimation of nitrogen inRanpenstrauck, G. A., condensationRayman, B., action of arsenious sul-- cholesterin, 926.acid, 945.triphenylammeline, 662.organic substances, 862.of normal butaldehyde, 794.phide on acid chlorides, 950.VO L . Jd 1 I.Rapman, B., isodulcitol, 906.Itayman, B. Bee P r e i s .Reb uf # a t, O., phenylamidaaaetic acidRecoura. See Rerthelot.Reed, J. H., methylnapht haquinolinesand P-naphkhacridine, 681.Reformatsky, A. See Dieff.Ref or m a t s k y, S., synthesis of diatomicmonobasic acids, 717.Regel, C., oxidation of a- and @-hy-droxypiperic aoids, 488.Rego.See D e Rego.Reher, L., a- and y-ethylquinolines,279.Reicher, L. T., velocity of sapn3ca-tion, 767.R e i d e m e i s t er, C., sodium calciumcarbonate, 12.Reimarus, C., action of alkyl iodideson dibenzylthiocarbamide, 43.Reimer, C. L., and W. Will, consti-tuents of rape-seed oil, 1030.- erucic and brassic acids, 233.R e i n i t z e r , F., hydrocarrotene andcarrotene, 265.Remsen, I., and W. S. Bayley, para-bromobenzoic sulphinicle, 145.Remsen, I., and W. H. Emerson,oxidation by means of pota,ssium per-manganate, 146.Remsen, I., and H. W. H i l l y e r ,methods for determining the relativestability of alkyl bromides, 122.Remsen, I., and A. G. Palmer, ben-zoic sulphinide, l&.-- decomposition of diazo-com-pounds by alcohol ; paradiazotoluene-orthosulphonic acid, 136.- parethoxybenzoic sulphiniile, 144.Remsen, I., and C.8. P a l m e r , ben-Renesd, A., action of heat on heptine,- estimation of indigo in textile- metallic propionates, 654.Rennie, E. H., colouring matler ofDrosera Whittakeri, TRANS., 371. - phlorizin, TRANS, 634.R eychler, A., estimation of pressurein closed tubes, 1014. - preparation of phenylhydrazine,1042.Reynolds, E. tT., composition of Prus-sian blue and Turnbull's blue, TRANS.,6 U .Reynolds, J. E., action of silicontetrabromide on thiocarbamide,TRANS., 202. - new rhlorobromide of silicon,TRANS., 590.derivatives, 1108.zo~ltoluenesulplionsmide, 145.565.fabrics, 871.4 1184 INDEX OFReynolds and W.Ramsay, equiva-lenk of zinc, TRANS., 854.R hods, (3.) action of aniline on a mix-ture of acetaldehyde and propdde-hyde, 974.R i c c i a r d i , L., composition of rocksand minerals from Vulture-Melfi, 1087. - composition of volcanic rocks,1023. - origin of hydrogen chloride, sul-phurous anhydride, and iodine in thegases of volcanoes, 643.Richardson, A., action of heat onnitrogen peroxide, TRANS., 397. - action of light on the hgdrides ofthe halogens in presence of oxygen,TRANS., 801.Richardson, B. W., action of oxygenon animals, 855.Richardson, C., American barley,616. - variations in the chemical compo-sition and physical properties OEAmerican oats, 293.Richet, C.See H a n r i o t .Rich t e r, E., a- and ,t?-napht,henyl-R i d s d a l e , C. H. See Stead.Itiehm, P., condensation products ofacetone and acetophenone with ani-line and ammonia, 599.Righi, A., conductivity of bismuth forheat in a magnetic field, 1009.Rimpau and others, basic slag andother phosphates as manure for moor-lands, 294.Ris, C. See Merz.Rischbieth, P., preparation of levu-linic acid, 799.RiviBre, C. See Chappuis.R o b e r t s, W., manurial experimentswith various phosphates, 1137.Rockwood, E. W. See Atwater.Rodatz, P. See Stohmann.Roder, A., indoles from metahydr-Rohmann, F., importance of ammoniaRomer, M., nitration of a-thiophenicRomer, M. See also Liebermann.Rose, B., analysis of fats, 621.Rossing, A.See Otto.Rolfe, (3. W. See Jackson.Romanis, R., certain products from- gold from Burmah, 221.Romburgh, P. v., decomposition ofthe nitrates of amines by heat, 230. -- dextrorotatory hexylic alcohol,228. - isodinitrodimethylaniline, 245.amidoxime, 3’74.azinebenzoic acid, 150.for the formation of glycogen, 68.acid, 362.teak, TRANS., 868.IUTHORS.Romburgh, P. v., methylisopropyl-aoetic acid, 232.- water from the wells of Zemzem,455.Rommier, A., wine and brandy fromraspberries and strawberries, 292.Roozeboom, H. W. B., combinationof ammonium bromide with ammonia,631. - conditione of equilibrium of twosubstaiices in the solid, liquid, andgaseous states, 629. - new hydra&e of hydrobromic acid,HBr,H,O, 631. - t!he hydrate HBr,2H20, 630.-thermal study of hydrobromic acidsolutions and hydrate, 628.Rosen, H.v. See D r a g e n d o r f f .Rosenberg, J. See Lunge.Rosenbladt, T., determination of boricacid, 299. - double nitrites of csesium andrubidium, 12. - Reparation of mercury from palla-dium, 302. - solubility of some gold compounds,16.Rosenfeld, M., lecture experiment:electrolysis of hydrochloric acid, 633.Rosenhek, J. See E r l e n m e y e r .R o s er, W., preparation of paradinitro-- synthesis of indonaphthene-deriva-R o s e r,W., and E. H a s e 1 off, isomerismR o t h , C. F. See Ladenburg.Rousseau, G., formation of manganitss- potassium manganites, 892.Rowland, H. A., water battery, 412.Roy, P. C., conjugated sulphates andisomorphous mixtures of the copper-magnesium group, PBOC., 53.Roy er.See Le Royer.Rucker, A. W. See Thorpe.R u d o r f f , F., compound of arseniousoxide with halogen salts, 107.Riigheimer, L., practical thermo-regulator, 698.Riigheimer, L., and C. (3. Schramm,quinoline-derivatives, 738.R u f f i, H., normal propylthiophen-de-rivatives : glyoxylic acids of the thio-phen series, 804.Ruhemann, S., formation of pyridine-deriratives from citric acid : constitu-tion of pyridine, TRANS., 403.Ruhemann, S., and S. gkinner,anacardic acid, TRANS., 663.Ryder, J. P. See Michael.dibenzyl, 836.tives, 729, 836.in the cinnamic acid series, 830.from permanganates, 552INDEX OF AUTHORS. 1185S.Sabatier, P., hydrochloride of ferricSachs. J.v.. chlorosis in dants. '76.chloride, 894., ,Saglier, A., ammonium &pper'iodides,772.S a i n t Gilles. See D e S a i n t Gilles.Salfeld. See F i t t b o g e n .Salkowski, E., isethionic acid in thebody, and thiosulphuric acid in theurine, 68.S alornon, G., xanthine-derivatives inurine, 739.Salomon, O., +-meconine, 585.Salomonowitsch, 8. See Dragen-d o r f f .Salzer, T., detection of thiosulphatein sodium hydrogen carbonate, 79.L_ volumetric estimation of iodine,862.Salzer, T. See also Brenstein.Salzmann, S., anilic acids, 926.Samuelson, estimation of glycerol in- detection of arti6cial colouring inSanborn, J. W., animal nutrition,S a n d b e r ger, F., graphite from Ceylon,- investigations on ore-veins, 224.- occurrence of iodine in phosphoritesand of lithium in psilomelane, 222. - percylite, caracolite, and phosgenitefrom Chili, 902.Sandmeyer, T., action of ethyl imido-carbonate on aromatic ortho-com-pouuds, 135.- action of nitrous acid on acetone,568. - substitution of the amido- by thenitro-group in aromatic compounds,720.S au e r, A., amorphous carbon (graphi-to'id) in the Saxon Erzgebirge, 341.Saul, J. E., test for tannic acid, M6.Saytzeff, A. See Barataeff, Us-t i nof f.Saytzeff, A. C. and M., hydroxy-stearic acids of different series, 30.Scacchi, E., altered cordierite fromTuscany, 1086. - minerals from Vesuvius, 17.Scala, A., propylxanthic acid, 800.Scala, A. See also Nasini.8 c hiif er, L., estimation of cinchon-Schiir, E., cubebin, 970.S c h a r t l e r , L., diastase, 1117.Schall, C., demonstration of Avogadro'swine, 86.red wine, 187.856.901.idine in quinine sulphate, 623.hypothesis, 698.S c h all, C., determination of vapour-densities, 695. - determination of the vapour-den-sity of high boiling substances underreduced pressure, 882.- lecture experiment : specific heatof zinc, 634. .- vapour-density apparatus, 882.Schatz ky, E., diallyloxalic acid, 361. - preparation of ethyl acetate, 360.S c h e i b 1 e r, A., determination of water inthe hydrates of itrontium oxide, 217. - separation and estimation of meli-tose in cane-sugar, 306.Schertel, A. See Stelzner.S c h e s t o p al, C., tetrsmethyldiquinol-yline from benzidine, 1120.Schestopal, C.See also Engler.S c h i f f, H., furfuraldehyde, 571.S c hif f, R., demonstration of the CO-efficient of expansion as a lectureexperiment, 1013. - heat of evaporation of homologouscarbon compounds, 9. - specific heats of homologous seriesof liquid organic compounds, 6.Schilbach, C., berberine salts, 604.Schilbach, C. See alvo Schmidt.Schlarb. See Claus.Schlaugk, M. See Durkopf.Ychleich. See Lellmann.Schlickum, O., estimation of mor-phine, 622. - testing quinine sulphate, 623.S c h l i e p e r, A., indoles from the naph-thylhydrazines, 153, 963.S c h l u t t i g , E., imperfectly knownsilicates, 784.Schmidt, E., and C. Schilbach, ac-tion of potassium permanganate onberberine, 604.Schmidt, F. See Michaelis.Schmidt, G.See Gattermann andS c h m i d t , M. v., and F. E r b a n , sepa-Schmidt, 0. See Claus.Schmidt, R. E., compoeition of lac-Schmidt, T., comparative sweetness ofSchmieder. See Kaiser.S c h m i t t , R., and F. Engelmann,Pampel.ration of resins, 406.dye, 7'34.cane- and starch-sugar, 1026.orthohydroxy quinolinecarboxylicacid, 738.Schnapauff, E., cumidic acids, 52.S c h n e i d e r , C. W. T. See Paal.Schneider, E. A.. action of sulphuricacid on hydradinetoluene sulphonicacids, 146. - compound of manganese sesqui-oxide with copper oxide, 1081.4 1 1186 INDEX OF AUTHORS.Schneidei*, E. A., Feparstion of thetwo isomeric toluidinesulphonic acids,146.Schneider, L., determination of phos-phrous in iron and steel, 527.S c h n e i d e r , R., behaviour of iodineto realgar and arsenic iodosulphide,213.S c h n e 11, A., metanitromethylsdicyl-aldehyde and its derivatives, 140.S c h n i t e r, K., isomeric chloro- andbronio-thymoquinones, 720.- preparation of quinoncs. Ralogen-derivatires of toluquinone, 1036.S c h n i t e r , I(.Schoch, R. See Lunge.Sch offel, R., and E. Donath, volu-metric determination of manganese,399.Schoeller, R., river waters of LaPlata, 786.S c hoop, P., preparation of dimethyl-aniline, 474.Schoop, P. See also Loebisch.Schott#en, C., bile acids, 606.S c h o t t l a n d e r , P., crystalline form ofSchramm, 0. Q-. See Riigheimer.Schramm, J., infiuence of light on theaction of halogens on aromatic com-pounds, 807.Sch r a u f , A., molecule of crystallinebenzene, 922.8 c h r od t, M., presence of nitrites andnitrates in milk as proof of adultera-tion, 87.See also Hantzsch.potassium aurobromide, 10’79.S c h u b e r t , 5.See Honig.Schiirman. See S e u b e r t .S c h u l t e i m Hof, J. A.Schiiltess, W. See Goldschmidt.Schultz, G. See Bender.S c h u lz e, B., determination of fatty- silage of maize, 521. - silage of vegetable matter, 521.Schulze, C. R., amount of water ofcrystallisation contained in somesalts, 766.Sclrulze,E., are nitrates formed in theorganisms of higher plants? 859. - presence of choline in germinatingplants, 747.Schulze, E., and E. Nageli, phenyl-amidopropionic acid obtained fromthe decomposit,ion of prote’ids, 369.Schulze, E., and E.Steiger, para-gdactin, 460.Schulze, I(. E., constitutents of coal-tar, 471.Schumann, M., compressibility ofaqueous chloride solutions, 696.S c h u n c k, E., chlorophyll, 972.See Claus.acids in soap, 307.Schwalb, F., non-acid constituents ofSchweitzer, IT. See B e r n t h s e n .Scovell, M. A., and A. E. Menke,Seegen, J., power of (he liver to form- sugar in Che blood with referenceS e e lig, E., chlorination of toluene,Seidler, P. See Liebermann.Selden, C. C. See Anschiitz.Seliwanoff, T., reaction for fruitSell, W. J., volumetric determinationSemmler,F. W.,ethereal oil of AlliumSemper, A. See B e r n t h s e n .Senderens, J. B., action of metals ondilute solutions of silver nitrate, 550.- action of non-metals on solutionsof silver and copper nitrates, 331.- action of sulphur on ammonia andmetallic bases in presence of water,327.Senf, A., cyananiline, cyanphenyl-hydrazine, &c., 928.S e u b e r t, K., chlorostannic acid, 554. - manganese benzoate, 582.Seubert, and Schiirmann, bromo-stannic acid, 554.Seyberlich, A., and H. Trarn-p e d a c h, saccharification of starchby nitric acid, 792.S e y f f e r t h, E., derivatives of picolinicand nicotinic acids, 157.Shand, A., electrolysis of copper andzinc, 1000.S h a p i r o f f , B. M., physiological actionof tertiary alcohols, 857.S h a w, W. N., atomic weights of silverand copper, 444.Shenstone, W. A., safetytaps, PROC.,108.S h e n s t o n e , W. A., and J.T . Cun-d a l l , ozone from pure oxygen : itsproduction and its action on mercury,with a note on the silent discharge ofelectricity, TRANS., 610. -- volumetric relations of ozoneand oxygen, TRANS., 625.Shimer, P. W., titatium carbide inpig irm, ’703.Short, F. G., analysis of milk,751.S h o r t , F. a.S i d e r s k y, apparatus for determiningcarbonic anhydride in carbonates,999.beeswax, 124.composition of potatoes, 7’47.sugar from fat, 67.to nutrition, 66.362.sugar, 459.of chromium, 303.ursilztcm, 1OS9.See also Armsby.Sieber, H. See Bischoff.Sieber, N., and A. Smirnow, behaINDEX 01viour of the three isomeric nitro-benzaldehydes in the animal organism,684.Sievert, M., manuring rye withbasic slag, &c., 294.Silber, P.See Uiamician.Simmons, W., ennrgiie from Mon-tana, 707.S j ogre n, A., place of spodiosite in Lhemineral system, 346. - sarkinlte, a new manganese arsen-ate, 346.S k a1 w e I t, estimation of glycerol inwine and beer, 306.S k a 1 w e i t , J., buttrer testing, 308.S k inner, S., phosphmium chloride,S k i n n e r , 5. See also Ruhemann.S k r a u p , Z. H., coizstitntion of cin-chonine, 164.Skraup, Z. H., and P. B r u n n e r ,melaquisiolinecarboxylic acid, 160.S 1 e e n b u c h, C., constant gas generator,634.Smirnow, A. See Sieber.Smith, W., and W. B. H a r t , sodiumcarbonate, 330.Smith, W. B., crystal beds of TopazButte, 4.32.Smolka, A., action of bromine on carb-amicle, 656. - action of potassium permanganateon dextrose in neutral solution, 566.Soh n lie, J., behaviour of‘ micro-organ-isms in artificial mineral water, 393.Solereder, H. See Kruss.Soltsien.P., essential oils, 375.8onnenschein, A., eatimation of aceticacid in aceiates by direct titration,869.882.Spady, J. See Markownikoff.Sperry, B. 8.S pe z i a, G., flexibility of il acolumite, 21.Spica, U. See Cauzoneri.S pica, M., derivatives OP isopropyl-- naphthoxgacetic acids, 495.Spies, ivl., and a. de Varda, deriva-tives of’ isopropyl chlorocarbonate,1068.Spiegel, L., determination of nitratesin we11 waters, 691.S p r i n g , W., i~fluence of temperatureon the rate of action of certain acidson marble, 8%dee Penf ield.forrnamide, 1028.- tbe periodic law, 211.- reaction between barium carbonateand sodium sulphaie under the influ-ence of pressure, 332.S p r i n g , W., and E.van Aubel, actionof a&& on zinc containing lead,1074.AUTHORS. 11S7Spuller, J. See Kalmann.S r p e k, J. O., action ol furfuraldehydeS taats, G., photochemical properties ofS t a d e 1 m a n n, E., hydroxybutyric acidS t a hl, W., analysis of copper, 529.- celestine in Xautilus aratus, 781.Stanley, A., sodium dichromate, 110.Stead, J. E.: and C. H. Ridsclnle,crystals in basic converLer slag, TBA~VS.,601.on quinaldine, 976.silver chloride, 1071.in diabetic urine, 464.Steche, A. See F i s c h e r .Stefan, J.. relation between the theoriesof capillarity and of evaporation, 363.Steger, V., prophyry from Horka inPrussia, 223.S teiger, E.See Schulze.Steiner, A. See B i l l e t e r .Steinmann, T. See Nietzki.Stelzner, A., and A. Schertel, blackzinc blende of Freiberg, 451.S tenger, F., absorption-bands of chloro-phyll, 693.S t e p h an, R., amido-acids, 142.8 tern, H., origin of the bile colouringStiebel, A. See Claus.Stilwell, C. M., o ium analysis, 403.Stingl, J. See d o r a w s k i .S tockmann, R., amorphous cocalne,S t oe h r, C., skatole from strychnine,- strychnine, 604.Stossner, E., effects of deepor shallowsowing on cereals, 747.Stohmann, F., heats of combustion oforganic compounds, 878. - heats of combustion of organiccompounds as determined by differentmethods, 1011.- Thornsen’s investigations, 425.Stohmann, F., P.Rodatz, and W.H e r z berg,heat equivalentsof benzoylcompounds, 878.--- heat equivalents ofethers of the phenol series, 428. --- heat equivalent8 of thehomologues of benzene, 427. --- heat of combustion andformation of homologous phenols, 98.Stokes, H. N., and IF. v. Pechmann,action of ammonia on ethyl acetone-dicarboxylate : synthesis of pyridine-derivatives, 155.S t o I b a, F., action of hydrochloric acidon sphalerite, 442.- determination of calcium and mag-nesium in presence of mangiinesu,865.matters, 290.9so.6821188 INDEX OF AUTHORS.S t o 1 t e, H., phenyl seleniocarbimideand diphenyl seleniocarbamide, 43.Storch, A. See Gintl.S t r a c c i a t i , E. See Bartoli.S t r a u s , J. See Goldschmidt.S t r e a t f e i l d , F.W. See Meldola.S t r ei n z, P., galvanic polarisation ofaluminium, 415.S t r i c k , G. H., estimation of silicon iniron, 527.S t r o h e c k er, J. R., ceriferous Hain-stadt clays, 119.Stromeyer, W., sugar compounds,791.S t r o u m b 0, production of white lightby mixing the colours of the spectrum,1.S t r i i v e r , G., volcanic fragments fromthe Lake of Bracciano, 21.S t u d e r . See Liebmann.8 t u t z er, A., analysis of nitrogenousmetabolites in faxes, 613. - artificial digestion, 388. - Chili saltpetre as manure, 77. - relation of prote’ids to digestiveStylos, M. See Claisen.S u l k ow s k i, J., oximes of paraxyloqui-- quinone oximes, 41.Sundell, A. F., spectrum analysis,ferments, 1129.none, 667.1066.T.T a e ge, C., nitrosalicaldehydc and nitro-T a f el, J., y-amidovaleric acid, G3.- furfurylaiine, 470. - reduction of dihydroxytartaric acidTafel, J. See also Fischer.T a n r e t , C., action of hydrogen onnitro-derivatives of terebenthene,675. - nitrogen-derivatives of tereben-thene, 595.Tappeiner, H., fermentation of cellu-lose, 1131.Tassinari, G., action of sulphur di-chloride on phenol, 807.Teall, J. J. H., andesine from Suther-landshire, 1022. - augite from the Whin Sill, 1022. - plagioclase from the TynemouthTeed, F. L., potassium chlorate andT h i el, H., experiments with ensilagecoumarin, 939.diphenylhydrazide, 467.dyke, 584.perchlorate, TRANS., 283.in Holland, 1062.T h i e r f e l d e r , H., glycuronic acid, 235,717.Thilo, E., estimation of phosphoricacid from the weight of the molyb-date precipitate, 526.- estimation of small quantities ofsilver in burnt pjyites, 79.Thomas, H., estimation of hydrogenperoxide, 862.Thompson, C.See W r i g h t .Thompson, F. A., alkalo’ids of gelse-minum root, 981.T h o m s, H., ammonio-zinc chlorides,551.Thomsen, J., avidity-formula, 633. - constitution of benzene, 362. - heats of combustion of organicsubstances, 761. - supposed influence of multiplebonds of union on the molecular re-fraction of the hydrocarbons, 198.Thomsen, T., conditions of equi-librium in aqueous solutions : actionof aqueous soda on some normalsodium salts, 4420.Thomson, A. See Carnelley.Thomson, J.J., dissociation of somegases by the electric discharge, 1013.Thomson, J. J., and R. T h r e l f a l l ,passage of electric discharges throughpure nitrogen, 328.-- production of ozone, 327.Thomson, R. T., determination ofaluminium in presence of much iron,182. - estimation of alumina and ironoxide in manures, 302.Thomson, W., Adams’ method formilk analysis, 186.Thorpe, T. E., and T. H. G r e e n a l l ,on morindin and morindon,TRANs., 52.Thorpe, T. E., and A. P. L a u r i e ,atomic weight of gold, TRANS., 565,868.Thorpe,T. E., and A. W. Rucker,relation between the critical tempera-tures of substances and their thermalexpansion as liquids, 429.Thorpe, T. E., and J. W. Young,atomic weight of silicon, TRANS., 576.T h r e l f a l l , R., specific heats of thevapours of acetic acid and nitrogentetroxide, 429.T h r e l f a l l , R. See also Thomson.T h u m m e 1, K., behaviour of mercuricchloride with hydrogen ammoniumcarbonate, W4.Tiesenhausen, H.See Dragen-dorfP.Tilden, W. A., inffuence of tempem-ture on the dissolution of salts inwater, PROC., 66INDEX O F AUTHORS. 1189Tollens, B., behaviour of sugar to-wards acids and phenol, 534.Tollens, B. See also Block, Hae-dicke.Tomlinson, C., cohesion and submer-sion figures, 200.Tommasi, D., and R a d i g u e t , electriccouple with carbon elements, 756.T on y - G a r c i n, detection of cane-sugar,glucose, and dextrin in wines, 692.Topf, G., iodometric studies, 688, 997.T o r t e l l i , M., synthesis of metaquino-linecarboxylic acid, 503.T r a i n e r , E.See Claus.Trampedach, H. See Seyberlich.T r a u b e, H., laubanite : laumontite,T r a u b e, J ., capillary constants and the- welght of drops, and their relationTrescot, T. C. See Crttmpton.Trey, H., influence of some normalsalts on the hydrolysis of methylacetate, 102.Troost, L., and L. Ouvrerd, thoriumsilicates, 1016. -- thorium, sodium, and zirco-nium sodium phosphates, 1017.Troschke, composition of lupines, 518.Trowbridge, J., and C. C. H u t c h i n a ,exiatence of carbon in the sun, 1065. -- oxygen in the sun, 1065.T r u h la r, J., thioparatoluidine, 472.T B c h a c he r, O., condensation of nitro-benzaldehyde with hydrocarbons, &.Tschermak, G., scapolite series, 560.Tschermak, G.See also Ludwig.T s c 11 i r c h, A., aleurone-grains in theseeds of Myristica surinamensis,1061.903.meniscus angle, 101.to capillarity, 210.- chlorophyll, 1116.T u r n e r , T., estimation of silica iniron and steel, 1140. - influence of silicon on the proper-ties of iron and steel.T u s t, P., tetrachlorobenzoic acid, 1046.TRANS., 129.U.Udrhnsky, L. v., urinary pigments,Ulsch, K., Kjeldahl’s method for esti-Ulzer, F. See B e n e d i k t .Urban, C., 1, 3 naphthylenediamine,674.Urech, F., influence of temperature onthe rate of inversion of cane-sugar,768.1133.mating nitrogen, 863.Urech, E., velocity of chcmical re-Us tinoff, D., @Gmethacrylic wid,Ustinoff, D., and A.Saytzeff, di-actions, 697.359.prop71 carbinol, 353.V.V a l e n tini, A., lecture experiments,- methyl methyldibromoparacouma-Valeur, F. See L a Costr?.Vallin, K., metatoluenesulphonic acid,V a n Aubel, E. See Spring.Van Bemmelen, J. M., recent al!u-vial deposits in the Ij and ZuyvderZee, 224.442.rate, 488.263.Van’Dorp, W. A. See Hoogewerf.Van Loo, H. See Fischer.Van Niiys, T. C., estimation of car-bonic anhydride in air, 300.VanNiiys, T. C., and B. F. Adams,carbonic anhydride in the air, 549.Varda. See D e Varda.V a r e t , R., and G. Vienne, action ofacetylene on benzene in presence ofaluminium chloride, 806.V a r n h o l t , L., chlorosalicylic acids,945.Venator, W., and E. Etienne, analy-sis of chrome iron ore, 532.Verneuil, A., phosphorescence of cal-cium sulphide, 539.- preparation of calcium sulphidewith a violet phosphorescence, 2.Verneuil. See also Fremy.V e s t e r b e r g, A., amyrin, 733.Vienne, G. See Varet.Vie t h, P., alcoholic fermentation ofmilk-sugar, 1090.Vignal, W., action on food-stuffs ofmicro-organisms from the mouth andfrom faxes, 1059.Ville, J., action of cyanamide on ben-zenesulphonic acids, 833.Villiers, A., barium phosphates, 701. - detection of sulphites in presenceVillon, new method for the estimationVincent, C., and Delachanal, car-PI_ tannic acid in mouutain-ashVincenzi, L., chemical constituents ofV i o l 1 e, J., comparative radiation ofof thiosulphates, 749.of tannin, 872.bohydrates from acorns, 909.berries, 950.bacteria, 3931190 INDEX OF’ AUTEORS.fused platinum and fused silver,1010.V o 1 k er, O., determination oE hippuiicacid in urine, 535 and 1001.Vogdt, C. v., diabase-porphy~ite fromPetrosawodsk, 454.Vogel, A., in0uence of ozone on germi-nation, 516.Voigt, I(. See Otto.Voiry, R. See Bouchardat.Volpert, F., gluconic acids, 127.Vorwerk, P., determination of phos-phorus in iron and steel, 299.V r i j . See De Y r i j .V u 1 p i us, Gt., estimation of quininesulphate, 404. - morphine reaction , 870.W.Waage, R., composition of some bgu-minous seeds, 991.Wachsmuth, O.,estimntionof tin andlead in alloys, 304.Waddell, J., atomic weight of twig-sten, 111.Wagner, H., oxidation of santonin,733.Wagner, P., manurial value of basicslag, 525.Wagnei*, P. See also F i s c h e r .Wakeman, A. J., and H. L. Wells,basic lead nitrates, 1080.Walder, F., benzyl - derivatives ofhydroxylamine, 246, 813.Walker, C. See Noyes.Wallace, 5. See Cornwall.Wallach, O., azo- and diazo-com-- carbohydrates, 26. - diazo- ttnd diazoamido-compounds,137. - preparation of organic fluorides,130. - terpenes and ethereal oils, 595,965.W a l l a c h , O., and F. Lehmsnn,action of phosphorus pentachloride onsubstituted formamides a d on piper-idine-derivatives, 3%.W a1 t er, J., apparatus for chemicallaboratories, 105.Wanklyn, 5. A., occurrence of freeiodine in a mineral water, 28 1. - specific gravity of lime water, 700.W ar d en, C. J. H., cobra poibon, 170.Wariiigton, R., distiibution of thenitrifying organism in the soil,TRANS., 118. - nature of the nitrogenous organicmatter OP soils, 523.pounds, 40.Warington, R., study of well waters,W a r r e n , IF. N., action of nitrogen oncertain metals, 702. - decomposition of ammonium chlo-ride by an alloy of zinc and iron, 443. - ferric chloride as an exciting agentfor voltaic batteries, 413. - nitrogen fluoride, 770. - phosphsrised silver, 1079. - preparation of anhydrous metallic- thallium in platinum, 702.- use of electro-dissolution in analy-sis, 531.-- volatile hydroeazbom in oommer-cia1 alcohols, 1088.Warren, T. T. P. B., detection ofadulteration in metallic nickel andother metals by the magnet, 531. - metallic manganese, 1081. - mpour-density appartttus, 695.Warrington,A. W. See Meyer.W a r t h a , V., minerals of the serpen-W a t t s, P., fermentation of citric acid,- titration of citric acid, 307.Weber, C. L., conductivity of amal-Weber, E., ethereal oils, 596.TBANS., 500.chlorides, 708.‘’ zinc-eisen,” 550. -tine-chlorite-group, 783.235.gams, 757.W e ber, J., pyridinepolycarboxglicacids, 1117.W e b e r, R., combinations of sulph uricanhydride with phosphoric and iodicanhydrides, 328. - compounds of selenious and avse-nious anhydrides with sulphuric anhy-dride, 212.Wed d i g e, A., derivatives of aceLy1-orthamidobenzamide, 104 3.Weddige, A., and H. Finger, actionof nitrous acid on orthamidobenz-amide, 667.Wedding, estimation of phoophorus iniron, 865.Wehsarg, I(. See v. Pechmann.W ei bull, M., crystallived compoundsof zirconium, 778. -- galenobismuthite €rom the Balunmine, 343. - manganese apatite : composition ofapatite, 781.W eidel, H., reactions of quinoline,847.Weidel, H., and J. Wilhelm, oxi-dation products of 2‘ : 2’ diquinoline,979.Weil, F., estimation of sulphides, 998. - titration of zinc powder, 1OOO. - valuation of zinc-dust, 301INDEX OFWeil, F., volumetric estimation of sul-pvdes, 618.Weilancit, M., free phosphoric acidand superphosphate, 995.Weinreich. S., mono-and di-hydroxy-toluic acids, 669.W e i s k e, IF., and others, compositionof blood, liver, and flesh under vary-ing conditions, 855.Weiss, A., fluorescence of the pig-ments of fungi, 3 I 4.Weitz, L. See Michaelis.Welch, J. C., assay of iron pyrites forWeller, A., occurrence of alkttloId-likeWeller, A. See also Koerner.W e l l e r , J., xylgl phosphorous com-Wells, H. L., basic zinc and cadmiumWells. See also Wskeman.W e n d e, H., cresolcarboxglic acid, 45. - trimethylanthragallol, 593.Weiise, W. See Liebermann.W e n z i n g, M., methylindoles, 937.Werner, E. A., chrom-organic acids,Werner. See Claus.W e r n e r , E See Gal.W e r t h . See Osmond.Westmoreland, J. W., determinationand valuation ot copper in ores, &c., 80.Weyl, T., chemical studies on Lhetorpedo, 1188.Wheeler, H. A., artificial lead silicatefrom Bonne Terre, Montana, 109.W h i t f i e l d , J. E., indirect determina-tion of chlorine, bromine, and iodine,525.W idmann, O.,constitutionof glycouril,34._I intramolecular changes in thepropyl group of the ciimsne series,136. - reciprocal transformations of cy-mene and cumene derivatives, 132.W i e r n i k , J. SeeHeumann.Wilhelm, J. See Weidel.Will, W., naringin, 497. - sugars from heaperidin and nariii-Will, W., and W. Pukall, resorcinol-Will, W. See also Freuncl, Reimer.W i l l g e r o d t , U., acids from acetone-chloroform, 1030. - action of yellow ammonium sul-phide on ketones and quiuones, 1046. - halogen benzene haloi'ds : a-tri-chlorobenxene hexachlori~le, 806. - halogen carriers, 130, 336.avaihble sulphur, 180.bases in pam5n oil, 979.pounds, 824.nitrates, 1080.TSANS., 383.gin, 715.derivatives, 660.AUTHORS. 1191Willgerod t, C., halogen carriers im thenatural groups of the elements, 806. - indium and gallium as halogencarriers, 326.Willgerodt, C., and F. Durr, tertiarytrichlorobutyl chloride and ether, 670.W i l l i a m s , H. J. See N o r t o n .W i l l i a m s , J., preparation of aeonithe,Williamson, S. See Armstrong.Willm, E., sulyhuretted waters ofWilsing, H., volumetric estimation ofWimmer, H. See Fischer.Wing, J.F. See Jackson.Winkelmann, A., relhion of the con-ductive capacity of g;ues to tempera-ture, 5.Winkler, C., germanium, 1081. - preparation of chloiiiie fromW i p p r e c h t , W., absorption of ammo-W i r t z , Q. See Anschutz.Wislicenus, J., chloro-derivatives ofWislicenus, W., action of phenyl-- combination of lactones with- ethyl oxalacetate, 2341. -- synthesis of ethyl sahs of ketonicacids, 557.W i t t , 0. N., action of ethyl aceto-acetate on aromatic diamines, 247. - azonium bases, 729. - constitution of isomcric tolonaph-- constitution of the sui'ranjnes, 250.-- eurhodines, and Luurent's uill)h-- induline OF asopheuine, S21. - man ufttcture of a-rraphlhylamine,- new method of preparing axines,- qualitative teds for Lhe dyes foundW i t t , 0. N. See also B r u n n e r ,Wohrle, E. See Engler.W o h 1, A., thic,foi*nialdehyde-deriva-tives, 27.W o hlbi iic k, O., action of sodium onthe ethyl salls of the higher fattyacids, 1099.W o h l b ruck, 0. See also H an t z sc h.Wol ff, L., @-bromovaleric acid, 464.W o l f f e n s t e i n , R , action of phos-phorus pentachloride on a-hydroxy-naphthoic acid, 963.1125.Olette, '710.sulphuric acid, 181.bleaching powder, 442.nia by clay, 1136.crotonic acid, 655.hydrtwine on laetones, 459.etbeyeal salts, 952.thltzines, 591.thase, 153.1048.590.in commerce, 91.JA i e b e r m a n n1192 INDEX OF AUTHORS.Woll, F. W. A., butter analysis, 309.W o 11 n y, E., decomposition of organicmatter in soils, 523. - influence of the physical propertiesof a soil on the amount of free car-bonic anhydride present, 521.Wol pe, hydroxybutyric acid in diabeticurine, 857.Wooldridge, L. C., new constituentof blood-serum, 983.W r i g h t , C. R. A.,and C. Thompson,development of voltaic electricity byatmospheric oxidation, 1008. -- new class of voltaic combina-tions in which oxidisable metals arereplaced by alterable solutions, TRANS.,672.W r i g h t , L. T., analysis of gas-coal, 84.Wrightson, J., and J. M. H. Munro,manurial value of basic steel slag, 176.W r o b 1 e w s k i, S. v., isopycnics, 432.Wiilfing, A., separation of ortho- andW u r s t e r, C., action of oxidising agents- active oxygen in the atmosphere,- behaviour of hydrogen peroxide to__. behaviour of sodium nitrite towards- formation of active oxygen in- Griess' reaction for nitrous acid,__. oxidation in the animal body, 610. - quantitative estimation of wood in- reagents for active oxygen, 295.Wynne, W. P. See Armstrong.para- toluidine, 576.on albumin, 683.211.albumin, 607.albumin and hemoglobin, 683.paper, 211.298.paper, 620.Y.Yoshida, H., aluminium in the ashesYoung, J., pectolite from Kilsyth, 645.Young, J. W. See Thorpe.Young, S. See Ramsay.Young, W. C., the logwood test foralum in bread, 1143.of flowering plants, TRANS., 748.Z.Zaaijer. See D e Z a a i j e r .Zambelli, L., colorimetric determina-tion of nitrites in water, 533.Zambelli and Luzzato, separation ofZeckendorf, A. See Hantzsch.Z e h e n t e r, J., bromine-derivatives ofZehnder, L., determination of the sp.Z e i s e 1, S., colchicine, 284.Zelinsky, N., action of dehydratingagents on benzylideneacetoxime, 666. - ethyl phthalate chloride, 669. - preparation of ethyl a-bromopro-*- thiophen group, 921.Zepharovitch, V. v., pyroxene:scheelite, 902. - trona, idrialite, and zinc bloom,1021.Zglenitzkij, W. K., epsomite fromPoland, 1021.Z i e g 1 e r, J. H., roshydrazine and a newclase of dyea, 822. - tetramethylamidobenzophenone,674.Ziegler, J. H., and M. Locher, con-densation products of secondar-y hy-drazines with dihydroxytartaric acid,5 79. -- the tartrazines: a new classof dyes, 578.Zimmermann, J. See C!aus,Denn-s t e d t .Zincke, T., action of chlorine onphenols, 960. - conversion of 8-naphthaquinoneinto indonaphthene-deri-ratives, i 2 8 . - derivatives of orthobenzoquinone,808. - hydrocarbon, Cl6HI2, from styrolenealcohol, 959, - P-naphthaquinone, 53.Zincke, T., and C. Frolich, halogen-derivatives of phenylenedichloracetyl-ene ketone, 955.Zincke, T., and C. Gterland, actionof bromine on diamido-a-naphthol,838.Zincke, T., and A. T. Lawson, azo-derivatives of phenyl- B - naphthyl-amine, 730. - - orthamidoazo- and hydr-azindo-derivatives, '731.Zincke, T., and F. Rathgen, benzene-and toluene azonaphthols and theirisomeric hydrazine-derivatives, 54.Zuber, R., eruptive rocks fromKrzeszowice, near Cracow, 563.Ziircher, H. See Hantzsch.arsenic and antimony, 78.resorcinol, 924.gr. of soluble substances, 9.pionate, 912

ISSN:0368-1769    

DOI:10.1039/CA8875201151

出版商:RSC    

年代:1887

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

ABSTRACTS Abrin Absorption in the stomach of the horse Acenaphthene - amido- - constitution of Acetaldehyde action of on polyvalentAcetaldoxime hypochlorite Acetalresorcinol Acetals chloro-derivatives of Acetamide action of hydroxylamiue on Acetamido-benzene-m-diazopiperidide Acetanilide action of phosphoric chlo-Acetates decomposition of by water Acetic acid and its derivatives Acetoacetic anilide and its bromo- and isonitroso derivatives Acetoacrylic acid Acetobutyl alcohol TRANS Acetochloro-P-naphthjlamine Acetodimethylphenylhydrazine Acetofluoranilide Acetomethylphenylhy drazine Acetonaloxjbutyric acid Aceto-a-naphthalide action of chlorineAcetone action of ethyl oxalate on - action of nitrous acid on Acetonebenzoyl phenylhydrazide Acetonechloroform acids from Acetonehydrazinebenzenesulphonic acid Acetones chlor- Acetonitrile synthetic ’712 Ace1 ophenone action of potassium femi-Acetophenonebenzoyl plzenylhydrazide Acetophenone-o-carboxanilide Acetophenonesulphonic acid Acetopropyl alcohol TRANS Acetopropylthienone Acetopyruvic acid Acetot hienone brom- - derivatives Aceto-p -toluidine-o- diazodiethylamide Acetn-p-toluidine-o-diazoni troethme Aceto-p- toluidine- o-diazopipei~id icle Acetoxime hypocblorite Acetoximes action of acetic chloride on Acetyl compouiids investigation ol” Acetylacetone Acetylacetophenone Acetyl-o-amidobenzamide derivativesAcetyl-o-amidoben~ylphenylamide Acetylene action of on benzene inAcetylene-anisoi‘l bromo-p- Acetylglutazine Acetglhydrocotarnineacetic acid Acetylllevulinic acid Acetylnitropianic acid Acetylopianic acid Acetylphenylamidoacetic acid Acetj lpyrroline dibromonitro- Acetyitrimethylene magnetic roi ationAcetyltrime thylenemrboxylic acid ac-Acetyltrimethylenedicarboxylic acid Acid brown description and measure-Acid chlorides act ion of arsenious sul-Acids acliou of on ZIUC conCaining lead Aconitic acid Aconitine preparalion of Acorns carbohydrate from Acridaldehyde Acridinecarboxylic acid S50 Acridylaorylic acid Acrylaldehydophenoxyacetic acids 0- Scrjlic acid trichloro- Actinomatry Affinity chemicdl coeBicients of - of bases coefficients of - residual TRANS Agalite Agricultural experiments with iron sul-Air analysis on a new pniiciple - atmosphelic ab&oi PI ion spectrumBlahandine a1 tificial formation of Albite microscopic crystals of in theAlbumin absorption spectrum of Albumin deiection of traces of - egg action of oiidising agents on Albuminc;ids determination of sulphur - estimation of in the liquid fromAlbumoses Alcohol and ethereal salts act ion ofAlcoliols action of hydrogen chlorideAldehyde action of hydrogen chlorideAldehyde-collidine constitution oi' '737 Aldehydes action of on ammonium thio-Aldehydoplienoxyacetic acids p - and m- Aldoximes reduction of Aleurone-grains in the seed of MyristicaAlgaborilla Alkali metals production of.Surinnmenris Alkaline earths phosphates of Alkalis crystallisation of from alcohol Alkalo'id-like bases in Galician petro-Alkalo'ids Alkannin Alkyl bisulphides mixed action ofI_ bromides methods for determiningAllium ursinum ethereal oil of Allocrotonic acid chlor- Alloxan oxidising action of Alloys action of acids on Alluvial deposits recent in the Ij andAlly1 alcohol preparation of 9% Allylcamphorimide Allglmalonic acid TRANS Allylph enylhy dra zine Allylsuccinimide Allyltrichloracetamide Alum in bread logwood test for 11& - detection of in flour Alumina action of carbon tetrachlorideZuyder Zee Aluminium chloride reaction Alums Chilian Amalgamation expansion produced by Amalgams conductivity of Amides aromatic preparation of - decomposition of by water andAmidine-derivatives Amidoazobenzene p - action of acetonePROC - Wallach's explanation of the iso-A midoazo-compounds ortho- Amidoazo-a-naphthalene descriptionAmidoazo-@-naphthalene descriptionTRAM Amido-compounds aromatic action ofAmido-group in aromatic compounds Amidosulphonic acids action of alde-Amines in suint - paraffino'id decomposition by heatAmines secondary action of thiocarb-Ammonia absorption of by clny - actionof sulphur on - detection of in a mixture ofAmmonio-mercuric ehromates Ammonio-zinc chlorides Ammonium bromide combinations of Amphodeuteroalbumose Amy1 nitrite tertiary - perchloro - perchlorosebacate - pyrovanadate TRANE - vanadate TBANE Amvlacetylacetone Amilanhydmcetonebenzil TRANEI Amylene Guthrie'e compound of withAmyloi'd action of pepsin on Amprilene a- and p- Amyrins a- and p- Anacardic acid TRANS Andalusite from Marabastad Transvaal Andesine from Sutherlandshire Andromedotaxim Anemonin Anhydracetamidohemipinic acid Anhydracetonebenzil TRANS Anhydracetophenonebenzil T~aNs Anhydracetyl-o-amidobenzmethylamide Anhydracetyl-o-amidobenzoate Anhydrides of bibasic a cids action ofAnhydro-o-amidophenyl carbonate Anhydro-bases notes on TRANS - -compounds Anhydrodiazohemipinic acid Anisylcarbamide Anisylthiocorbamide Anisylthiocarbirnide Anthracene dihydride behaviour of Anthracene-y-carboxylic acid mono-Anthracenedicarboxylic acids [l 3)Anthranol action of bromine on - brom- - preparation of Anthraquinone dibromide - tetrachlor- Anthraquinonedicarboxylic acids [l 31Anhydroecgonine and its derivatives Anhyvdrogluco-o-diamidobenzene Anilic acid chlorobrom- TRANS - acids chlor- and brom- action ofAnilidonitropianic acid Anilido-opianic acid Anilidophthalamic acid Aniline and its homologues - compound of with silicon ffuoride Animal body oxidation in - gum - oil extraction of pyrroline from Animals nitrates in Anisaldoxime Anisamine and its derivatives Anisic alcohol Anisoi’l chlorine-derivatives of - heat equivalent of Anisylarsenic acid - anhydride Anisylarsine dichloride - oxide - tetrachloride Anthraquinonedisulphonic acid tetra-Anthron’e nitroso- Antialbumid Antimonious sulphide detection ofAntimonite from Valdagno Antimony and arsenic separation of - known to the ancients - microchemical test fur - oxide colour reactions of - - phosphorescence of - tartrate - rapour-density of a t a white heat Antimony1 potassium tartrate heat ofAntipgrine - derivatives of Apatite composition of Apparatus for chemical laboratories Arabinose - action of sodium amalgam on Arabinosecarboxylamide Arabinosecarboxj lic acid constitutionArabinosecarboxyllactone Arabitol Arabonic acid Aragonite altered from Vesuvius Arc electric formation of without con-Argentous compounds - oxide - sulphide - See also Silver Aromatic compounds influence of lightArsenntes phosphates and vanadates Arsenic acid noi‘mal saturation of Arsenious and sulphuric anhydrides Asclepiadin.Asclepias currassavica and A incur-Izata active principles of Ash of flowering plants aluminium in Asiminine Asparagine decomposition of by waterAsparagines optically active reciprocalAspartic acid conversion of fumaricAssociation TRANS Atmosphere amount of oxygen in Atomic weight determination fromAugite from the Whin Sill Auric acid non-exietence of - chloride action of hydrogen on - - sublimed - diamine - imidochloride - oxide Aurin description and measurement ofAuroauric oxide Aurochlorides of the alkaIine metals Aurophosphorus chloride action ofAurous oxide - sulphide Avidity formula critical remarkson Azines ; TRANS Azo- and diazo-derivatives researchesAzobenzene action of heat on theAzobenzenecarboxylic acid para- Azobenzenewlphonic acid p-chloro- Azo-compounds Po Azodimethylquinol Azonium bases Azo-opianic acid Qzophenines Qzophenylallyl Qzotoluene chloro-p- IKDEX OF SUBJECTS 1199Azoxybenzene nitro- Azoxytoluene (ortho-) B BacilIus of panary fermentat ion Bacteria anaerobic cuIture of - changes induced in water by theBacterial life in relation to oxygen Bacterium aceti action of on erythrol TRAXS Barbituric acid dibromo- and dichloro- Barium carbonate and sodium sulphate Barley American - composition of Barytocalcite chemical constitution d Bases coefficients of affinity of from animal oil Basic slag as manure Batteries voltaic ferric chloride as anBattery water simple form of Beans iron sulphate as a manure for Beer detection of hop substitutes in Bees-wax non-acid constituents of Beet-juice analysis of Beetroot destruction of the nemstoydsBeetroots ammonia in Beet sugar superphosphate manuringBeets sugar manurial experiments with Benzaldehyde action of sodium alkyl-Benzaldehyde-greens manufacture of Benzaldehydea nitro- behaviour of theBenzaldi-a-naphthol Benzaldinaphthyl oxide Benzaldoxim-o-mrboxylic acid Benzalglycoldinaphthylacetal Benzalhomo-o-phthalethylimide Benzalhomo-o-phthalimide Benzal-/3-naphthylamine Benzamide o-amido- action of nitrousBenzene action of acetylene on in pre-Benzene-m-azodimethylaniline acetami-Benzeneazodimethylaniline amido- Benzeneazonaphthols Benzeneazo-/3-naphtholsulphonic acid Benzeneazo-B-naphthylphenylamhe Benzeneazophenol chloro- Benzene-derivatives oxidation of withBenzenediazoconine Benzenediazopiperidide 13’7 Benzene-p-diazopiperidide nitro- Benzenesulphinic acid m-nitro- Benzenesulphonic acids action of cyan-Benzeno’id compounds an explanationBenzenylamido-a-naphthyl mercaptan Benzeuylamido-p-naphthyl mercaptan Benzidine bromo- 4’79 Benzidine-derivatives Benzil condensation products of withBenzilidenehydrazinebenzoic acid Benzodimethyldif urfuran (para)- Benzodimethylf urfurandicarboxylicBenzoic acid p-bromo- heat of combustion of ’762 - nitrochloro- tetrachloro- and its desira-Benzomethylamide o-amido- Benzophenone-p-dicarboxylic wid Benzoquinonecarboxylic acids Benzotrimethylfurfuran B enzotrimethyltrif urfurocarboxylicBenzotritolazine Benzoyl compounds heat equivalents of Benzoylacetoneanilide Benzoylaldehyde and its derivatives Benzoyl-o-amidobenzamide 1044~Benzoyl-o-amidobenzmethylamide Benzoylbenzoic acid tetrachlorortho- Benzojlbutyl alcohol TRANS ’733 - bromide TRANS Benzoyldichlorobenzoic acid (ortho-) Benzoylethyltoluenesulphonamide Benzoylmethylketole.Ben zo ylme t h y toluenesulp honamide Benzoylphenylamidoacetic acid Benzoylphenylhydrazine unsymmetri-Benzoylphenylhydrazines isomeric Benzoylphenylsemicarbazide Benzo ylphenyltoluenesulphonamide Benzoyl-&propionic acids alkylated Benzoylpyruvio acid Benzopltoluenesulphonamide and its de-Benzoyltrimellitic acid Benzoyltrimethylenecarboxylic acid ac-Benzyl and benzoyl compounds - chloride o-cyano- Benzylacetone-o-carboxylic acid Benzylamine 41) - o-amido- - 0-nitro- 103’7 Benzglbenzenylamine Benzyl-derivatives of hydroxylamine Benzylethyhcetic acid p-nitro- Benzylidene ethylene bisulphide Benzylidene-acetoxime action of dehy-Benzjlidenebenzogl phenylhydrazide Benzylidene-bis-diphenylpyrazolone Benzylidenecarboxylic acid (ortho-) Benzplidenediphenylpyrazolone B enzy lidenehydrazinebenzenesulphonicBenzylidenemethylketole Benzylidenephenylhydrazine Benzylidenequinaldine p-nitro- Benzylidenerhodanic acid - - o-arnido- Benzylideneskatole Benzyhdenetolylene INDEX OFBenzjlidenetliiobiuret Benzjlimido benzylcarbaminethioethyl Benzylimidobenzylcarbaminethio-Benzylmaloidiamide BenzglniethylkeLonesulplionic acid Benzylnitraniline rn- and p - TRANS Benzyl-p-nitraniline action of diazo-Benzylphthalimide and its o-nitro-de-Benzylpyrroline - action of acetic anhydride on Benzplrosanilinedisulphonic acids pre-Berbamine Berberideae alkslo’ids of Uerberine oxidation of with potassiumBerberonic acid Betorcinol Biebrich scarlet description and mea-Bile acids - colouring matters origin of - Hiifner’s reaction in - pig’s the acids of Bilianic acid Biotite Bis-diphenylpyrazolone Bismarck brown description and mea-Bismuthates TRANS Bismuth alkyl compounds - compounds fluoyescence of Bismuthic gold Bismuthite from North Carolina WB JECT S 1201Bisulphides and bisulphoxides organic Bleaching powder action of ammoniaBloedite Blood analysis new method of (hsema-Blood-serum new constituent of Bohemian minerals analyses of Boiling point influence of change ofBone-black decolorising power of Borates microcheinical test for Boric acid conductirity of determination of separation of Borneols inactive yielding active cam-Bornyl phenyhmidoformate Bornj-lamine and its derivatives Bornylcarbamide 37’7 B ornjlpheny lcarbamide and thiocarb -Boron detection of in milk &c Botryogene Brain distribution of lead in in cases ofBrandy from raspberries and straw-Brassamide Brassic acid-derivatives - anhydride Braunite from Jakobsberg in Werm-Bread logwood test for alum in Breithauptite artificial Brochautite from Chili Bromanil TRANS Bromanilic acid action of bromine on Brcmides decomposition of by theBromine chlorine and iodine improvedBromoform ‘787 Bromostannic acid Srookite from Magnet Cove Arkansas Brucine and strychnine estimation of Brucite from the Ural Buratite from Laurium 64ABurette jet B I italdehyde normal condensation of Butter analysis Reichert’s method of Butyl alcohol norma1 in Cognac brandy Butylchloral hydrate as an antidote forBntyrates acid Butrrdlite chemical composition of Butyric acid dichloro- constitution of Butyrochloralbiuret Butyrylacetophenone Cadaverine - identity of with pentamethylene-Cadmium borotungstate crystallographyII sulphide titration of with iodine Caesium cobalt nitrite Caffei‘ne action of on voluntary muscle Calamus root bitter principle of Calcimetry Calcium ammonium arsenate - arsenate Calorimeter Bunsen’s ice Calorimetric bomb Camphene active - lavogyrate action of glacial aceticCamphol racemic Camphols isomeric Camphor bromo- and chloro- oxidationCamphor racemic Camphoric acid heat of neutralisation Camphoroxime derivatives of Camphors active from inactive borneols Camphyldiphenjlhgdrazine Cane-sugar absorption spectrum of Capillarity and evaporation relationCapillary constants and menisous angle Capraldehyde constitution of Capraldoxime Caprocyamidine a-amido- Capmcyamine a-amido- Caprjlidene Cltracolite from Chili Carbamide action of bromine on - action of on cyanhydrins - action of on phenylhydrazine Carbazole-blue C'arbodinicotinic acid Carbohydrates - action of sulphuric acid on Carbon absorption of gases by TRANS Carbon compounds homologous heat ofCarbonates ethereal 3'7 - insoluble preparation of - normal detection of in hydrogenCarbonic anhydride absorption of byL‘arbonyl-o-amidophenol Carbonylcarbazole Carbonylferrocyanogen Carbonylphenylphosphoric dichloride Carbostyril reduct ion of Carbo-o- toluylenedip henyltetramine Carbo-o-toluylenedi-p-tolgltetramine Carboxyl introduction of in to aromaticCarboxylnaphthylorthophosphoric di-Carboxylphenylorthophosphoric acidsCarragheen mow galactose from Carrot colour in but ter Carrotene - in leaves Carvacryl dipotassium phosphate - oxidation of - potassium sulphate Carvacrylamine Carveol Carvole-derivatives 4’75.Carry1 phenglamidoformate Carvylamine - and its derivatives Casei’n absorption spectrum of TRANS Castor oil distinction of from otherCatalysis Catechol action of ethylenediamine on Cattle foods addition of sugar to Celestine pink - in Nautilus auratus Cells living absorption of anilineCellulose action of sulphuric acid on I_ starch true nature of Ceramics ancient analyses af Cereals effects of deep or shallow sow-Cerebrospinal fluid prote‘ids of Ceriferous Hainstadt clays Cerite earths Cerussite crystallised Chelergthrine Chelidonine Chemical affinity dependence of onChemistry and thermodynamics Chili saltpetre and ammonium sulphate China bicolor Chinine dibromide Chloral density and magnetic rotationChloralcyanhydrins action of carbamideChloralide aetion of phosphoric chlo-Chloranilic acid action of bromine on Chlorides compressibility of aqueousChlorination by means of acetic chlo-Chlorophyll Chlorophyll absorption bands of - decoinposition of carbonic anhy-Chlorosis in plants Chlorostannic acid Choleic acid anhydrous cryatalline form of Cholesterin - acetate Cholesteryl chloride and its dibromide Cholic acid anhydrous iodo- Choline presence of in germinatingChondrus crispus galactose from Chromate estimation of in presence ofCliromatology invertebrate Chrome iron ore analysis of decomposition of - paints analysis of Chromiodic acid Chromium detection and determinationChromorganic acids TRANS Chromoxalates TRANS Chromoxalic acid PROC Chromyl dichloride action of carbonChrysofdine description and measure-Chrysonaphthazine .Chrysophanic acid reactions for dis-Chrysoquinone azines of Chrpotoluazine Cider ash Cinchine action of bromine on - dibromide a- and #I- Cinchol Cinchona alkalo‘ids - bark ash of Cinchonic acid Cinchonidine estimation of in quinineCinchonine bromination of Cinnabar natural solutions of Cinnamene of the pyridine series Cinnamcnylpropionic acid o-amido- Cinnamic acid bromo a fourth - - /3-dichloro- presence of in the Ericaceae Cinnade a-bromo- Cinnamyl hydrazine - thienyl ketone Cinnamyldiphenylamine Citraconic acid constitution of heat of neutralisation of Citrazinic acid TRANS Citrazinimide TRANS Citric acid action of monamines on Citrodinaphthylarnic acid a- and & Citrodinaphthylamide a- and & Citrodi-p-toluide Citro-p-ditoluidic acid Citro-p-toluidic acid Citro-p-toluidide Citrotriruethylamide Citrotrinaphthylamide n- and p- Claret detection of artificially coloured Clay absorption of ammonia by Clays action of heat on ’785 Goal estimation of sulphur in Coal-gas See Gas coal- Go balt and nickel separation of fromCobaltammonium compounds Cobra-poison Coca leaves alkaloYds of Coca’ine amorphous - higher homologues of Cocamine Cocceryl alcohol and its derivatives Coccerylic acid Code’ine Coffee - amount of c&e‘ine in various kindsCoffees analyses of Cohesion figures Coke estimation of sulphur in Colchice’ine 284Colchicine - therapeutic action of - toxic action of Collidine symmehrical dibromo- Columbite - from Colorado - from Graveggia in Val Vigezzo Concentration influence of on theConductivity electrical of hot gases Conichalcite Coniferin new test for Conine active synthesis of Convolvulin physiological action of Conyrine platinochloride Copper action of ammonia on a t a redCopper iron potassium sulphate PBOC I_ mineral from Sunnerskog Sweden Cordierite altered from Tuscany Corrosive sublimde solutions stabilityCosmical powder which fell on the Cor-Cotton oil properties of Couniaraldehydes nitro- Coumaric acid para- See ParacoumaricCoumarin amido- - nitro- Cows amounts of nitrogen ingested andUreatines Creatinine in urine Creatinines Cresol dinitro- colour reactions of Cresolcarboxylic acid Cresylamidines Cresyltrichloracetamide (ortho-) Cristobalite from Mexico Croce’ine scarlet description and men-Crocoisite artificial production of Croconic acid formation of from ben-Croton oil Crotonic acid series isomerism in Crotonylcarbamide chloro- Cryptopine and its salts Crystal beds of Topaz Butte Crystallisation by diffusion Cubebin Cumene- and cymene-derivatives reci-Cumeneazo-/3-naphtholdisulphonic acid Cumene-o-sulphonic acid Cumenylpropionic acid Cumic acid heat of combustion of Cumidic acids a- and /3- Cuminamide Cumylamine Uumylthiocarbamide Cuprammonium salts Cuprite artificial crystallised Cuprous barium thiosulphate TRANS Curare Cullne Cyanacetamide Cyanacetic acid Cyanacetophenone Cyanamide action of on benzenesulpho-Cyananiline Cyanazobenzene Cyanhydrins action of carbamide on Cyan-m-nitraniline Cyanobenzoic acid (meta-) and its deri-Cyanobenzoic acids behaviour of onCyanogen compressibility and refrac-Cyanphenine synthesis Cyanphenjlhydrazine Cyanuric acid and its compounds withCyclothraustic acid 9'19 Cymene- and cumene-derivatives reci-Cyanxylide Cymyl para- See Parctcymyl Cyprusite D Dahlia tubers crystalline deposits in Dambose and inosite identity of Dehydrltcetic acid TRANS bromo- TRANS oxirue of TRANS Dehydracetonebenzil TRANS Dehydrochinine Dehydrocholic acid phenylmercaptan- Dehydrocinchine Dehydrocinchonine and its chloride Dehydrogenation by means of benzoicDeliquescence and eflorescenke of salts Density maximum displacement of theDesoxybenzoins Desoxjcholic acid Destinezite Deuteroalbumose Deuterovitellose Dextrin alcoholic fermentation of Dextroisoterpene Dextrose action of potassium perman-Diabase porphyrite from Petrosowodsk Diabetes and glycerol Diabetic patient ltzvorotatory S-hy-Diacetobenzylpyrroline Diacetylamidonaphthjl mercaptan Diacetylamidophenyl mercaptan Diacetylphenylhydrazine DiacetyltetramethylenedicarboxylicDialdehydes action of hydroxylamineDiallyl tet'r&romo- carbinol acetate Diainide or diamidogen Diamonds phosphorescence of Dianilidophthalyldiamide Dianisylarsine chloride Dianisplthiocarbamide Dianthryl dibromo- - -derivatives Diaspore from Newlin Pa Diastase - action of - absorption-spectrum of TRANS Diauromethylamine Uiazoamidpbenzene action of phenol on Dinzoamido - compounds .Diazoamido-o-toluene Diazoamidoxylene Diazoazotoluene (ortho-) action of a-Diazoazotoluene salts (para-) Diazoqzotoluenimide (para-) Diazobenzene chloride decomposition of Diazobenzeneanilide relation of toDiazo benzylamidobenzene m-dinitro- Diazo-compounds decomposition of by aniline Diazoethylamidobenzene m-dinitro- Diazoethylresorcinol chloride Diazonaphthalenesulphonic acid Diazonitro - $J - cumenesulphonic acid Diazosuccinic acid derivatives of Diazotised metanitraniline action of onDiazotolylene-o-sulphonic acid (para-) DiazoxySenzoic acid Dibenzoylphenylhydrazines isomeric Dibenzyl p-dinitro- preparation of Dibenzylamine and its derivatives Dibenzylanilide nitroso- Dibenzyldicarboxglic acid (ortho-) Dibenzylethylamine Dibenzplglycosine TRANS Dibenzylhydroxylamine derivatives of Dibenzylidenedimethylenediamine Dibenzylmalonic acid Dibenzylthiocarbamide action of alkylDibrassiclin Dicarvacrylamirie Dicoumarin preparation of TRANS Dicyanophenylhy drazine-compounds Didymium salts variations in theDierucin Diethoxycollidine Diethoxyresorcinol amido- Diethylbismuthine bromide Diethylcne bisulphide derivatives Diethylidene tetrasulphide Diethylphenylthiocarbamide Diethylpyridine u-y- Diethylresorcinol o-amido- Diethylresorcinol-o-azoresorcinol Diethylresorcinol-p-azoresorcinol Diethylsulphonedimethylenethane Diethylsulphonemethane and its di-Diethy lsulphonepropylmeth ylmethane Diethylthionine Diethyltrichloracetamide Diffusion liquid Diffusion-residues Difurfuran Digestive juices nitrogenous contents of Digestion and digestive secretions in theDigluco-o-dianiidobenzene Diglycerylmethylal Dihexine Dihydrazophenine Dihydrocamphene-derivatives Dihydrocoumaric acid and its salts Dihydrocoumarin TRANS Dihjdroethjldimethylquinoline 9’76 Dihydrohydroxylepidine 2’18 Dihydronaphthalene Dihydrosparte‘ine and its derivatives Dihydroterephthalic acid 3’71 Dihydrotoluquinoxaline and its deriva-Dihydroxyamidopyridine dichloro- Dihydroxybenzophenone (ortho-) andDi-o-hydroxybenzylidenethylenedi-Dihydroxydihydroquinolinelactone Dihydroxydurylic acids Dihydroxyphenylquinoline Dihydroxypiperohydronic acids a-B-Dihydroxyquinoline Dihydroxyquinone p-dinitro- Diliydroxytartaric acid condensationDihydroxytoluic acid Diisoarnylncetal Diisoamylphenylamine ’721 Diisobutylemine salts Diisobutyloxamide Diisobutylphenylamine Diisopropylacetoxin) e and its behaviourDiisopropylbenzylidenemethylenedi-Diketones action of hydroxylamine on Diketonic acids two new Dilution constants electromotive ofDimethamidomethylphenazine Dimethamidophenyl hexyl ketone Dimethoxyldihydrochloroquinoline-Dimethoxyhydrocarbostyril-lactone Di-o-methoxybenzylidenethylenedi-Dimethoxycinnamic acid (meta-ortho-) Dimethoxyquinoline 9’73 - new Dimethyl ethyl carbinol tests for theDimethylacetal trichloro- Dimethylacridine Dime thylanhy drace tonebenzil TRANS Dimethylaniline action of cenanth-Dimethylanthracene [ Dimethylanthragallol Dimethylanthraquinones [l andDimethylbenzidine tetranitro- Dimethylbenzoylacetic acid (ortho-Dimethylbenzoyl-B-propionic acidDimethylbenzylamine Dimethylbenzjlidenethylenediamine Dimethyldibenzylammonium chloride Dimethyldicoumaric acid Dimethyldicoumarin Dimethyldipiperidyl and its derivatives Dimethylene disulphone derivatives of Dimethylgentisic acid Dimethylliomo-o-phthalimide Ditnethjlhy droxy bromopyriruidine Dimethgl-P-hy droxynaphthaquinoline-Dimethjlindole [l’ - [2’ 3’1 - [3 2‘1 Dimethylindolecarboxylic acid Dimethyllerulinic acid Dimethyl-a-naphthayuinoline Dimethyl-B-naphthayuiiioline and itsDime thjl-8-naphthaquinolinesulphonicDimetliyliiitrosamine formation of Dimethylphenylthiocarbamide Dirnethylpiperidine action of bromineDimethylpiperidines a-a- and a-y Dimethylpyridine [2 - platinochloride Dimettiylpyridines a-a- and a-y- Dimethylpyrrolineacetic ocid Dimethylpyrrolinecarboxylamide Dimethylpyrroliiiec arboxylic acid mon-Dim~thylpyrrolinedicarboxylacetic acid Dime th ylpyrrolinedicarboxyanilideDimethylpseudocarbos tyril Dimethylquinol and its derivatives Dirhethylquinoline a-8- Dimethylquinoline-a-acrylic acid Dimethylquinolinecarboxylic acid Dimeth ylquinoltrimethylammoniumDimethyltetrahydroquinoline Dimethylthio:ime Dimethyltrichloracetamide P-p-Dinaphthoylcarbamide Dinaphthoylhydrosamic acids a-a- Dinaphthyl diamido- derivatives - dimid o - hydrochloride - dinitro- Di-a-naphth-jl phenyl carbinol Dinaphthylphenylmethane Dioxydiethylaniline Diphenacylacetic acid Diphenacylmalonic acid Diphenanthryleneazotide TRANS Diphenic acid brominated derivativesDiphenyl chlorodismido- - derivatives of - dinitro- - diphenyl ketone Diphenylacetyl Diphenylallidenethylenediamine Diphenylamidine Diphenyl-m-amido-p-tolylcarbamide Diphenylamine action of cinnamic acidDipbenylbenzoyIthiosemicarbazide Diphenylcarboxylic acid (ortho-) con-Diphenylcyanine chloride 364Diphenyldihydrazine Diphenyldihydropyrazine Diphenyldihydroxylarnine Diphenyldimethylindole Diphenyldinitrosohydrazine Diphenylene ketone mono- and di-Diphenylenediacetonehydrazine Diphenylene~ydrazinepyruvic acid Diphenyleneketonecarboxylic acid Diphenylene-a-tetramethyldipyrrolineDiphenylethane-derivatives B-P- and a$?- Diphenylglyoxaline TRANS Diphenylhydroxyethylamine and itsDiphenylindole Diphenylizindihydroxytartaric acid Diphenylmethylphthalide Diphenylmethylpprazoline [l Diphenylmethylpyrazolone Diphenylnaphthaleneaznmmonium hy-Diphenylnaphthylenediamine Diphenyl-m- and p-nitrophenplcarb-Diphenyl-m-nitro-p-tolylcarbamide Diphenylphthalidemrboxylic acid Diphenylpyrazolecarboxylic acid 944~Dipheny lpy razolone and its derivatives Diphen-j-lpyrazoloneazobenzene Diphenylpyrroline [2 Diphenylqninoline [2 Diphenglseleniocarbamide Diphenylsemicarbazide Diphenylsuccinimidine Diphenylsulphonephenyl ether Diphenylsulphoxide - dinitro- 3’72 Dipheny lthiosemicarbazidcarboxylicDiphenyl-p-toluylaniide Diphenyl-m-xylylmethane Diphenyl-o-xylyimethane Diphthalide ether Dipicrylhydroxylamine Dipiperidyl and its derivatives Dipiperidylcarbamide Dipiperidglmethane Dipiperidylphenylmethane Dipropionylpyrroline Dipropyl acetoxime TRANS action of nitric chloride on Dipseduocnmyl ethylene ketone Dipyr from Connecticut Diquinoline oxidation products of Diquinolyl and its derivatives Diquinolyls a-4’- and p-4’- Diquinoyltetroxime anhydride of Diquinoyltolazihe .Dispersion formulae experimental exa-Dispersion in rock salt Dis-phenj ldimethylpyrazolone Dis-phenylmethylethylpyrazolone Dissociation and evaporation TRANS Dissolution changes involumeand energyDissolved substances volatilisation of Distillation fractional under reducedDiaulphidecinnamic acid Ditetramethglene ketone TRANS Dithioanisylthiocarbamide Dithiocarbamide dibromide TRANS - dichloride action of hydrogen sul-Dithiocresoleulphonic acid Dithiodiethylaniline Dithioethyldimethylmethane Dithiophenyldimethylmethane Dithio-p-tolyldicarbamide Dithjmyl carbonate Dithymylamine Ditolane-azotide TRANS Ditolyl carbonate (para-) Ditolylnaphthjlenediamine (para-) Di-m-xylyl ethylene ketone Di-p-xylyl carbinol Di-p-xylylphenylmethane Di-xylylphenyl-fi-pinacoline Dog formation of fat from carbohy-Dogs nem-born glycogen in the liver of Drops weight of and their relation toDrosera Whittakeri colouring mattersDuboisine Dufrenite new variety of from Corn-Duplodithiacetone Duplothiacctone Dyes a new class of - and coloured substances a studyDysvitellose E Earth black Russian Earth-nut cornposition of the innerEarths from fergusonite - rare components of the yieldingEau Celeste 7'73 Ecgonine Efflorescence and deliquescence of salts Electric accumulabors - current application of electrolysisElectrical conductivity of hot gases Electricity atmospheric connection of Electrochemical investigations new ap-Electrodes carbon used for the electro-Elgctro-dissolution and its use in ana-Electrodjnamometer absolute Electrolysis application of to theElectrolytic actions non - reversible Electromotire dilution constants ofSUBJECT S Electromotive force produced by lightElement new secondary Elements existence of certain in theElpasolite Emmonsite Enargite from Montana Endlichite 34'7 Energy changes in accompanying solu-Ensilage experimenlts with in Holland Eosin dichloro- Epidote white from the Beagle Canal Epsomite from Poland Equilibrium conditions of of two sub-Terra del Fuego Equivalents thermodynamic Erbium and thulium phosphorescenceErebodium Ergot of rye source of trimethylamineEricacere presenae of cinnainic acid inErucamide Erucanilide Erucic acid and its derivatives - anhydride Erythrene bromide 78'7 - derivatives - dibromide dibromo- - tehabromide Erythrol - action of Bacterium aceti on Erythrolhydroxyanthraquinonecarbo-Ethamidoformic chloride Ethane trinitro- Ethanes chloro- action of ammonia on Ethenylamido-a-naphthyl mercaptan Ethenylimidobenzmilide Ethenyl-B-B-naphthalmediamine Ethenglnitrotriamidobenzene EthenTltetramidobenzene 4'77 Ethenyltoluylenediamine Ethenyltriamidonaphthalene and its de-Ether thermal properties of Ethereal carbonates Etherification by double decomposition Ethers mixed decomposition of byEthocarboxyl-a-methylphenylpyrroline-Ethoxybenzoic sulphinide (para-) E thoxy bromopheny lpyrasoline Ethoxpbromosalicyllc acid Ethoxychlorisoquinoline Ethoxydibromosalicylic acid Ethoxylepidine Ethoxylutidine Ethoxyniethenylamidophenol Ethoxymethenylphenylenediamine Ethoxymet henyltoluylenediamine Ethoxyquinol Ethoxyquinone Ethyl acetoacetate aetion of ethyleneEthyl acetyltrimethylenecarboxylate I_ rn-amidophenyllutidinedicarboxyl-TRANS TRANS Ethyl benzylacetoacetic-o-carboxylnte I__ carbonate thio-derivatives of L- cresolcarboxylate - cyanaretate - cyanacetoaoetate TRANS 28’7 PROC Ethyl diphenacylnialonate - diphenylpyrazolecarboxylate TRANS action of bromine on TRANS PROC Ethyl methyllutidonedicarboxjlat e - methylphenylamidodimethylpyr-VOL L11 TRANS Ethyl potassiocyanacetoacetate 1'R-m s I_ pyrovanadate TBANB TRANS Ethylscetotoluide m-nitro-p- Ethylacetylacetone Eth? lamidoresorcinol Ethylamine vanadate Ethylanhydracetonebenzil TRANS E thplanhvdroecgonine and its deriva-Ethylaniline condensation of with alde-Ethylbenzamide Ethylbenzene action of chlorine on inEthylbenzoylecgonine ll Ethylbismuthine iodide Ethylborneol Ethylbutylacetaldehyde Ethylcvanacetamide '796 Ethyld"ichlorisoquindine Ethylene action of heat on - and benzene adion of heat on theEthylenedi-P-amido-a-crotonic acid Ethylenediamine action of ctn catechol Ethylenedibenzoyl-o-carboxylic acid Ethylenedicarbanilic chloride Ethylenediphenyldiamine action of car-Ethylenediphthalimide Fthyleneditolyldiamine Ethylene-o-phenylenediamine and itsEthylene-a-tetramethyldipyrroline E thylethenyldiamidotoluene 817Xthylhydroxyquinoline chlor- '738 Ethylhydroxgtoluquinoline chlor- Ethylidene glycol trichloro- Etliylideneanilide anilido- Ethyl idenediethy lsulphone .Ethglidenedi-a-naphthol Ethylidene-8-dinaphthyl oxide Ethylidenedinaphthylacetal Ethylidenediphenol Ethylidenediphenylsulphone Ethyliclenediure'ide trichlor- Ethylidene-p-naphthylliydrazine Ethylidene-m-pyrazoline Ethylidene-p- t oluide monochloro- E thylmethylhydroxj bromopyrimidine E thylme thy lketole Ethylnitraniline (meta-3 action of diazo-Ethyl-orange Ethyl-p-phenylenediamine Ethylphenylthiocarbamine chloride - oxide Ethylphthalimide brom- Ethylpiperidines a- and y- Ethylpropylaniline and its derivatiyes Ethylpyridines a- and y- Ethylpyrrolinedibenzoic aeid Ethylquinolines a- and y and theirEthjlsulphonic acid ppeparation andEthylsulphono-mono- and di-eth ylamicle Ethylsulphono-mooo- and di-methyl-Ethyltoluene (ortho-) bromo- - nitro- and dinitro- oxidation of Ethyltoluene-P-sulphonic acid (ortho-)Ethyl-o-toluidine p -nitroso- P-Ethylthiophrn Ethyltrihydrohydroxyquinolinecltrbo-Ethylxylenes o- and m- and their sul-Euphorbiacese milky juice of certain Euphorbium analysis of Euphorbone 72Eurhodines Euxanthic acid formation of fromEuxanthone Evaporation and capillarity relationEvaporation and dissociation TRANS Expansion cooling of carbonic anhydrideExploeives analysis of F Feeces analysis of nitrogenous meta-Fast red description and measurementFat estimation of - formation of in the dog from car-Fata analysis of - new method of analysis for - saponifiable separation of mineralFatty acids C2H4O2C5H O2 boilingFehling’s solution titration with Fellic acid Felspar ground as a potash manure Felspars from Elba Fergusonite earths and niobic acidFerment nitric distribution of and itsFermentation alcoholic of dextrin andFermentations secondary method ofFermented liquids estimation of glycerolFerments digestive relation of prote’idsFerric chloride as an exciting agent forFerricyanides new class of Ferrocyanides new class of Fibrin digestion of by trypsin Filters with greased edge Fish and meat comparative absorptionFlesh blood and liver composition of Flour detection of alum in Fluorazein Fluorescein dichloro- - tetrachloro- - tetriododichloro- Fluorescence of bismuth-compounds FluoreRcences of manganese snd bismuth Fluorine atomic weight of - estimation of - volumetric method of estimating Fluorspar from Vesuvius Food stuffs action of micro-organismsFormarnides substituted action ofFormanilide p-nitro- Formates in the organism Formic acid estimation of in water Formopiperidide Formose Formotoluide (metrt-) and its derivatives Franklinite artificial formation of Freezing point alteration of Pachsia ovata chlorophyll in Fuchsite from Canada Fumaramic acid Fumaranilic acid Fumaric acid constitution of conversion of into asparagine Fungi fluorescence of pigments of F urf uracryl-glycocine Xurfuracrjluric acid Furfuraldehyde - action of quinaldine on - behaviour of in the animal or-Furfuran #?-bromo- - constitution of - derivatives from phlorogluoinol from resorcinol - transformation of into pyrroline Furfurylamine - aitd its salts Furnace Cowle’s electrical productsG Gta Gi3 evidence as to nature of Gadenium Qadolinite and samamkite new ele-Gadolinium oxide equivalent of Galactose formation of from raffinose Balenobismuthite containing selenium Galle’in te t r achloro - Gallium I_ as a halogen carrier - chromiferous red fluorescence of Galloflsvin and its derivatives Galvanic cell stmdard - element - elements - polarisation of aluminium produced by feeble electro-Gamsigradite Garnet pseudomorphs of Gas analysis apparatus for source of error in - apparatus Gas burette 68’7 - cod- estimation of hydrogen Gas-coal analysis of Gaseous and liquid states of matter Gases absorption of by carbon TRANS Gasometric assaying comparative Gastric juice free hydrochloric acid in Gearksutite from Ivigtut Greenland Gelatin absorption spectrum of TRANS Gelseminine Gelseminuin root alkaloyds of Generator-gas composition of Germanioiluoric acid Germanium Germination changes in the prote’ids ofGlass cracking with certainty - decomposition of by carbonic an-Glaucophane - from Brittany Globulin separation of from albuminGlobulins vegetable Glow residual examination of Glucina phosphorescence of Gtluro-o-diamidobenzene Gluco-y-diamidobenzoic acid Gluco-m-p-diamidotoluene Gluconic acid Glucosamine tetrabenzoate Glucose absorption spectrum of Glucoses action of dilute acids on Glutaconic acid B-chloro- Gtlutazine and its derivatives Gluten wheaten as a food Glutic acid Glyceraldehy de Glyceric acid heat of neutralieation of Glycerol action of Bacterium aceti on Glyceroxides alcoholates of Glycocholic acid preparation of Glycocine pyromucate Glycogen and its distribution in theGlycol action of Bacterium aceti on Glycoluril constitution of Glycosine constitution of TRANS Glvcosuric acid Gl$curonic acid '71'7 Glyoxal-cenanthyline and its derivatives Glyoxjlic acids of the thiophen series TRAM Gold - assay of in bar copper Boslarite from Montana Grain spectroscopic notes on the carbo-Grangesite Grape-sugar action of sulphuric acidGrapes detection and estimation ofGraphite celestial Graphitofd Griqualandite Growth loss of nitrogen by plants dur-Guaiacum resin distinguishing purifiedGuanidine cyanurate Guanine colour reaction of Guano Australian bat and mineralsGicaoylcerbamide salts Bum animal Gums colour reactions of Gun-cotton regeneration of acid re-Gypsum solubility of in solutions ofH Hsematin action of reducing agents on Hsmatoporphyrin - in molluscs HsmatoporphyroSdin H8ematoscope) Hsmatoscopy a new method of bloodHsmatostilbite from Orebo Heemidin crystals Hsmin crystals Hemoglobin amount of oxygen takenHalogen carriers - - in the natural groups of theHalogens hydrides of action of light on Hannayit e Harpenden well waters of TRANS Hay meadow iron sulphate as a manureHeat and solar radiation comparativeHeat of formation of sodium alkylHeats of combustion and formation ofHelianthin description and measure -Hamellithene and its bromo- and nitro-Hemellithenol Hemidbumose Henipinethylimide Hemipinic acid nitro- - anhydride nitro- Hemipinimide - isomeride of Hemipinimidine He mipinphenylhy drazide am id 0- Hemp-seed oil acid from Hentriacontane from beeswax Heptacosane from beeswax Heptamethylene-deriratives attemptedHeptine action of heat on Heptylbenzene - amido- - nitro- Herderite - remarkable crystal of Hesperidin sugar from Hesperisium .He teroalbumose Heterovitellose Heteroxanthine in urine Heulandite - occurrence of strontin in Hexadecylbenzene and its derivatives Eexadecylphenol Hexahpdroterephthalic acid and its di-Hexahydro-xylene from Caucasian pe-Hexamethylanthracene Hexamethylbenzene Hexametliylene-derivatives synthesisHexamethyltriamidotriphenylmethane Hexazoxybenzene Hexine Hexyl alcohol dextrorotatory fromHexyldiphenylmethane and its deriva-Hexylene glycol TRANS Hexyltetramethyldiatmidodiphenylme-Hippuric acid compound of withHofmann's violet description andHolcus sorgho grain of Homo-o-phthalaminic acid Homo-o-phthalbenzylimide Homo-o-phthalethylimido - azobenzene Homo-o-phthalide Homo-o-phthalimido-azobenzene Homo-o-phthalimide Homo-o-phthalometliyliinide Homopterocarpin from sandal wood Hoofs analysis of Hop substitutes detection of in beer Hornblende from Porthalla Cove Corn-Horns analysis of Horse absorption in the stomach of Humous substances formation and com-Hydrargyrine Hydrastine and its derivatives Hydrastinic acid Hydrrtstinine and its derivatives Of PROC Hydrazimido-compounds Hydrazine Hydrazinebenzenesulphonic acids Hydrazinebenmpyruvic acid Iiydrazines Hydrszinetoluenesulphonic acids actionHydrazobenzene bromo- - dibromo- - halogenlderivatives of Hydrazocamphenes action of hydrogenHydrazodimethylquinol Hydrazotolume p-bromo- Hydrindonaphthene-derivatives PRoC Hydrindonaphthenecarboxy lie acid Eydrindonaphthenedicarboxylic acid Hydriodic acid action of on zinc con-Hydroacridylacrylic acid Hydroanemonin Hyydrobenzamidetricarboxylic acid Hydrobromic acid action of on zinc con-Hydrobromocinchine Hydrobromocinchonine Hydrobmmodehydrocinchonine Hydrobromoquinme Hydrobromostannic acid Hydrocarbons detection of certain inHydrocarrotene Hydrochloric acid action of on zinc con-Hydrochlorocinchonine Hydrochloroquinine Hy drochlorostannic acid Hydrocoumaric acid TRANS Hjdrocoumarin TRANS Hydrocyanic acid estimation of poisoning by Hydrodicoumaric acid and its salt H Hydrodicoumarin TRANS - bromo- TRANS G7 PROC PROC Hydrogen apparatus for estimating inHydrogiobertite Hydrohydrastinine - derivatives of Hydromethylamidophenol H ydro-m-methylcinnamic acid Hydromethylindole Hydromethylketole H ydromethyl-/3-naphthindole Hydroskatole and its derivatires Hydrothiocinnamic acid amido- derivatives of nitro- Hydroxyamidopyridine trichloro- Hydroxyanthraquinone dyes - sprctra of methyl derivatives of Hydroxyazo-compounds Hydroxyazophenine Hydroxybenzoic acids m- and p - Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (para-) H y droxpbromophen y p yrazolin e Hydrox~~ouniarilic acid (meta-) Hydroxydehpdracetjc acid and its acetylHydrox ydime t hylpyrrolinecarboxylicHydroxydiquinolyl Hy droxyeth yholucarbostyril Hydroxyhemellithylic acid Hydroryhydrastinine and its derivatives Hydroxyindonaphthenecarboxylic acid Hy droxyisopropy lsalicy lic acid (para-) Hydroxyl group reagent f x - quantitative estimation of H ydroxylamine benzyl-derii atives of I__- titration of by iodine effects ofHgdroxylamines aromatic Hydroxylepidine Hydroxgmethenylamidophenol Hydroxymethenyltoluy lenediamine Hydroxy-o-methoxycinnamic acidHydrox y me th y Icoumarone Hydroxynaphthaquinone Hydroxynaphthyl sulphide C-Hydroxynitrobenzoic acid Hydroxynitrobenzoic acids meta- andHydroxyphenyl sulphide Hydroxyphenyllutidine (meta-) H yexyphen yl-p -methoxyhy droqumo-Hydroxyphenyl -p -methoxyquinolineHjdroxyphenylpyrazoline Hy droxy-a-phet lylquinoline (para - ) Hydroxypicolinic acid chloro- Hydroxypiperohy drolactone Hydroxypyridine di-iodo- Hydroxyquinolinecarboxjlic acidHydrosyquinolinecarboxylic acid para- Hydroxystearic acids of different origin Hydroxy thiotoluene Hydroxytoluic acid Hydroxyuracil nitrobromo- Hydrnxyvaleric acid Hydroxyxanthine Hydrozincite Hygrine separation of from coca’ine Hypomelanin Hyponitrites formation of TRANS Hypoxanthine in urine ’739 PROC I Ice calorimeter Bunsen’s - refractive index of Idrialine from Idria Ignatieffite a new variety of alumnite IZZ icium religiosum subtsances from Indian-pellow Indigo-blue formation of from o-nitro-Indium as a halogen carrier Indole-derivatives constitution of Indoles - from rn-hydrazinebenzoic acid Indonaphthalene-derivatives conversionInduline Indulines Inosite Integral weights in chemistry Invertin action of Iodates and sulphates precipitation ofIodic anhydride combination of withIodides decomposition of by theIodine bromine and chlorine improvedIodoform Iodometric studies Ipecacuanha estimation of Iridium and tin alloy of Irisin Iron action of ammonia cn a t a redJ INDEX OFIron direct separation of manganeseI_ potassium fluoride - precipitation of nickel in presenceIsethionic acid in the body and thio-Isoamylamine preparation of Isoamylphenylamine Isobenzal chloro- phthalimidine Isobutaldehyde action of quinalitineIsobutane tribromo- Isobutenyldiamidotoluene Isobutylamines mono- and di- separa-Isobutjlbenzoylecgonine Isobutylene action of bromine on Isobiitylisobutenyldiamidotoluene Isobutylphenylamine Isobutjl-m-pyrazole Isobutyronitrilecarbamide Isobutyrotliienonesulphonic acid Isobutyrylacetophenone Isocarvoxime Isochoric lines TRANS Isocinchonine Isocrotonic acid a-cldoro- Isocymenesulphonic acid (a-meta-) Isodulcitol - oxidation of - tetracetate Isohsematoporphyrin Isomerism of position Isonitroso-compounds intramolecular changes of Isonitrosodiacetone nitrate Isophotosantonic acid Isopropyl chlorocarbonate - formamide - formonaphthylamide - phenjliormamide Isopropylacetylpyrroline and its deriva -Isopropylamide of isobutyric acid Isopropylene a-chloro- Isopropylpiperidines a- and y- Isopropylppridines a- and y- Isopropylpyrroline Isophthalaldehyde Isophthalaldoxime Isopyknics Isoquinoline and its derbatives I sosuccinic acid a-amido- Itacolumite flexibility of Itwonic acid heat of neutralisation of IXDEX OF SUBJECTS 1225.J Jalapin physiological action of Jequirity the prote’ids of the seeds of Juglone synthesis of K Eamala - crystalline substance from Kersantite from Wiistewalterddorf Si-Ketinedicarboxylic acid Ketines Ketipic acid Ketoindonaphthene dibromo- Ketones action of nitrous acid on Ketonic acids 7- constitution of synthesis of ethyl salts of Kombic acid L Lac-dye composition of Laccaic acid Lactic acid detection and estimation of Lrtctones action of phenylhydrazine on Lactotoxine Lactucerin Lnctucol Land cropped drainage water from Lbngbanite Lanthana phosphorescent sharp lineLanthanum sulphate phosphorescenceLaubanite n new zeolite Laumontite from Striegau Law periodic Laws of chemical combination Lead calcium oxychloride - carbonate preparation of - chloride solubility of in solutionsLeaves absorption of carbonic anhy-Lecture experiment continuous flameTerre Missouri Leguminous seeds con~position of Lepidine bromo- and chloro- 'Lepidolites of Maine Leucophenosafranine constitution of Leucossfranine Levulinic acid /3-bromo- preparation of - - reactions for Levulose formation of from raffinose Light absorption of by oxyhemoglobin Lime determination of in presence ofLime-water sp gr of 7uO LimePtones granular of Stainz inStyria Limonite-pseudomorphs after ironLinoleic acid oxidation of Linolenic acid Linolic acid Linusic acid I_- and its derivatives Liquid and gaseous states of matter re-Liquids nature of as shown by a study ofLithia micas Lithium and sodium estimatiori IIILiver flesh and blood composition of Liver of new-born dogs glycogen in Lobelia alkaloi'ds of Lucasite a new variety of vermiculite Lupetidine a-a- Lupines composition of - feeding value of Luteocobalt salts Lutidine chloro- and its derivatives Lutidinecarboxylic acid 3'18 Lutidinedicarboxjlic acid chloro- Lutidines of coal-tar Lutidone Lutidonecarboxylic acid Lutidglyuinolyl M Madder root Caucasian examination of Magnesia determination of in presenceMagnesium ammonium sulphite Magnetic field variations in the electricMqnetite artificial production of Maize silage d' tL1 - starch absorption spectrum of TRAXS Malschite-green preparation of Malainic acid Maleic acid constitution of conversion of into asparticMalehanil Ma lEylphenylhydrazine Malic acid heat of neutralisation of Mallotoxin Malonic acid heat of neutralisation of Malt estimation of acidity of Malto-y-diamidobenzoic acid Mandelic acid and its derivatives pre-Manganates formation of from per-Manganese ammonium fluoride Tacuum under the influence of theManganic acid - manganous oxide Mangel-wurzel iron sulphate as aManure Chili saltpetre as - farmyard- production of - potash- ground felspar ae Manures basic cinder and other finely-Manurial experiments with variousManuring with basic slag and otherMarble influence of temperature on theMarcasite recent formation of Matter continuous transition from theMeat and fish comparative absorptionMeconic aoid heat of neutralisation of Meconine action of potassium cyanideMeconine-acetic acid Melamines constitution of Melanin Melitose - estimation of Mellitic acid heat of neutraiisation of Meniscus angle and capillary constants Xenthyl phenylamidoformate Mercaptan compounds of aldehydesMercaptans aromatic o-amidated - compounds of with aldehydes andMercuric ammonio-chromates Mercurous hydroxide Mercury barium oxJchloride 44’7 - calcium oxychloride detection of in organic liquidR Mercui-y oxychloride Mesaconic acid constitution of heat of neutralisation of Mesityl oxide compound of phenyl-Mesitylene nitro- oxidation of - trichloro- Metallic oxides action of Rulphur on Metals action of nitrogen on '702 - bivalent affinity of certain forMetasaccharic acid double lactone of Meteoric iron at Fort Duncan Texas Gtirardeau Missouri Meteorite from Angra dos Reis - from Djati Pengilon Java - in a tertiary lignite Meteorites Coahuila - from lientiackv and Mexico - gaseous constituents of - iron crystalline etructure of Methaemoglobin formation of in bloodMethamidoformic chloride Methane-derivatives volatility of Methenylitmido-a-naphthyl mercaptan Methenyl-m-ditolylamidine and its deri-Methethopropionic acid Methethopropyl carbinol Methoxychlorisoquinoline Methoxycinnamic (ortho-) acid diazo-Methoxydiallylacetic acid Methoxydibromosalicylic acid Methoxydiquinolyline (a- and 8-para-) Mexico Java '710 Co Virginia Methoxjhydroxyquinoline Methoxylepidine Methoxy-p-nitrobenzaldehyde (meta-) Methoxyphenylchlorisoquinoline Methoxyquinaldine Methyl acetate influence of normnlMethylacetoluide m-nitro-p- Methylacridinechloral Methylal physiological action of - therapeutic action of Methylals Methyl-fi-amidonaphthylhydroquino-Methylamine vnnadatee Methylanhydracetonebenzil TRANS Methylanilhe nitroso- Methylanthragallols and their deriva-Methylbenzamide o-chloro- Methylbenzenes action of methyleneMethylbenzylsmine Methylbiemuthine dibrdmide - dicliloride - diiodide - oxide Methylbornylearbamide 3’77 Methyloarbodinicotinic acid a- Methylchloroxyisoquinoline Methylcinnamic acid (meta-) and its derivatives Methvlcinnamine (meta-) and its bromo-Methyl-p-coumaric acid dibromide andMethylcrotonic acid Methyldehydrohexone TRANS Methyldehydrohexonecarboxjlic acid Methyldehydrohexonedicarboxylic acid Methyldiphenplglyoxaline TRANS Methyl-emetonium hydroxide Methylene chloride action of on methyl-TRANS Methylene-blue manufacture of Methplenediamines substituted Methylenephthalethimidine Msthylenephthalphenimidine Methylerythrohy drox pnthraquinone Methylethenyldiamidotoluene - methiodide Methylethylacetal trichloro- Methylethylaniline and its derivatives Methylethylindole [2’ 3’1 Methylethylphenylthiocarbamide Methplforrnanilide Methylhexylacetoxime ‘795 Methylhydrazinebenzenesulphonic acid Methylhy drindonaph thenecarboxylicMethylhydroxyanthraquinones spectraMethylhydroxyphenyl (para-) sulphide Methylindole-acetic acid Methylindolecarboxylic acid [3 2’1 Methylindoles - action of aldehydes anhpdrides Methylindonaphthalenecarboxylic acid Methylisopropylacetic acid Methylisopropylacetone Methylisopropylmalonic acid Methylketine Methylketole beliaviour of Methyllepidine bromo- Methyllepidone - reduction of Methyllutidone Methyllutidonedicarboxylic acid Methylmalonic acid action of nitricMethyl-B-naphthaquinoline Methyliiaphthaquinolines Methylnaphthindole .Methyl-a-naphthindole Methyl-orange Xethyloxanilide Methyl-oxychlorisoquinoline P-Methylpentathienone Me thylp henylamidodimeth ylp yrroline Met h ylphen y lan thranol Methpl-p-phenylenediamine Methylphenylhydrazine Methylphenylhydroxanthranol Methylphenylnitrosamine p-nitro- Methylphenylpropiolic acid (meta-) Methylphenylthiocarbamine chloride Methylpiperidines a- and Is- Methylpropylaniline and its derivatives Methylpropylhydroxyphenyl (para-)Methylpseudocarbostyril and its deriva-Methplpyridines u- Is- and y- Methylpyrrolidine Methylpyrroline action of acetic anhy-Methyl-y-quinaldone Methylquinolinecarboxylic acid [l Methylsalicylaldehyde m-nitro- 14Q Methyltetrahydropyridyl- 9-hydroxypro-Methylthienylglyoxylic acids a-a- andMethylthioformaldine Methylthiophencrtrboxylic acid Methyl-p-toluidine trinitro- Methjltrihydro-o-hydroxyquinoline-Met h y ltriphen yl m e thanecarbox y lie acid Metliyluracil dichloroxy- - nitro- Mica from Leon Go Texas Micas iron-lithia of Cape Ann Mama-Micro be of the indigo fermentation Microbes nitrifying Microchemical tests Micrococcus cereus a nitrifying agent Micro-organisms behaviour of in arti-Microscopic analysis Milk analysis - - Adams' method for - changes in produced by freezing Milk-sugar alcoholic fermentation of Mineral spriogs in Aegina and Andros Mineralogical notes Minerale from the Sjo Mine Sweden Mirror amalgam composition of Mirrors magic Molecular structure of carbon com-Molecules enveloping and secondary Molybdenite twin crystals of Molybdenum lower oxides of Molybdic anhydride colour reaction8 of Monazite twin crystals of from NorthMoorlands basic-slag and other phos-Morindin TRANS Morindon TRANS Morphine - estimation of - hydrogen meconate - reaction - separation of from fatty matters Mountain ash berries tannic acid in Mucic diphenylhgdrazide Mucin in urine Murexide description and measure-Muscle plasma - voluntary action of caffeine andMuscles heat developed by the activityMuscovite from South Africa Muscular activity and the chemicalMydaleine Myo-albumose Myoctonine Myoglobulin Myohsematin Myosinogen Myristica Surinamensis aleurone grainsCarolina N Naphthalene action of heat on theNaphthdenesulphonic acid chloro- Naphthalene-/3-sulphonic acid bromina-Naphthalenesulphonic acids /3-bromo- Naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydr-Naphthalic acid constitution of Naphthaphenazine Naphthaquinone trichloro- Naphthaquinone-anilide dichloro- P-Naphthaquinone-o-tolylhydrazide andB-Naph t h y uinone-p - t olylh y drazide andNaphthase Laurent’a P-Naph thazoximethenyl PROCL VOL LIT Naphthenylamidoxime a- and 8- andNaphthoic acids 3’73 Naphthol dichloro- Naph tholcarboxylic acid amido- Naphthols chlorination of Naphthophenone oxide a- and 8- andNaphthostyril amido- Naphthoxyacetic acids - and 8- Naphthyl ethyl carbonate Naphthylamine citrates a- and 8- - dichloro- and monochloro- - dinitro- preparation of Naphthylenediamine (para-) Naphthplenediamines substituted Narceine Narcotine Naringenic acid constitution of Naringin - sugar from NelratoYds of beetroot destruction of Nephrite from Alaska Neutralisation thermal phenomena of Newberyite Nickel and carbon galvanic elements Nicotine reaction of with ethyl iodide Nicotinic acid bromo- dichloro- Niobic acid from fergusonite anhydride action of carbon tetra-Niobium hydride and its molecularNitranilic acid constitution of Nitrates and superphosphates incom-Nitrates in animals and plants - new method of testing for - percentage of in unmanured soils Nitrat opurpureorhodium chloride - dithionate - nitrate Nitric acid detection of in a mixture ofNitrification - order of priority of commence-Nitrifying microbes - organism distribution of in theNitriles aromatic action of sodium andNitrites absence of in plants - and sulphites of metals other thanNitrogen action of on certain metals Ejrldahl's method for 298Nitrogen estimation of in organic sub-Nitrogenous contents of the digestiveNitro-group substitution of the amido-Nitrometer simple Nitrosamines Nitrous acid - - action of on sulphurous acid Nobili's rings and allied electrochemicalNorhy drotropidine Normeconine-acetic acid Normethyl-o-anhy dramidohemipinicNormethylazo-opianic acid Normethylnitrohemipinic acid Normethylnitrobemipinimide Normethylnitropianic acid phenylbydrazine Normethylnitropianoxinric acid Normeth ylni tropianphenylhydrazide Normethylnitropiazide Nutrition animal PEOC Oak-tannin Oats American variations in the che-Octadecylbenzene and its derivativea Octadecylphenol Octyl mono- di- and tri-chloracetates Octylbenzene - o-amido- hydrochloride - bromo- - chloro- - dinitro- - iodo- - o- nz- and p-nitro- Odorous substances minute quantitiesOil black pepper - ethereal of Allium wsi'ltum Oils analysis of - drying acids from - essential - ethereal fixed bromine and iodine absorp-I_- viscosity of - iodine absorption by - MaumenB's test for - mineral separation of from saponiOleurn 6ergamoth - citri Oleic acid new Oligoclase Olive oil characteristics of Onions analpis of Opianic acid derivatives etherification of Opianic acid nitro- reduction of - anhydride Opianoxime anhydride Opianoximic anhydride Opianphenylhydrazide amido- Opiaurin Opium alkaloi’ds separation of the Orcinol action of chloral hydrate on - dinitroso- Ore-veins investigations on Organic compounds liquid specificPI_ in air determination of Organism fate of certain chlorine com-Orthobenzoquinone derivatives of Orthoclase artificial production of Orthocumic acid Orthoquinone tetrabromo- - tetrachloro- Osmotic equilibrium Oxalates ethereal action of alcoholsOxalethyl-cenanthyline Oxalic acid decomposition by sunlight Oxalimide Oxalmethyl-oenanthyline Oxalpropyl-cenanthyline Oxalyldiamido-a-naphthyl mercaptan Oxalyldiamido-8-naphthyl mercaptan Oxamide decomposition of by waterOxanilic acid halogen-derivatives of Oxanilide halogen-derivatives of Oxidation in the animal body - with potassium pernianganate Oxides metallic change in rolume dur-Oxyacanthine and its derivatives Oxycarbirnidophenol WBJECTS Oxychlorieoquinoline Oxydihydrotoluquinoxaline Oxygen absorbed in respiration estima Oxyhsemoglobin absorption of light by Oxymethylethenyldiamidotoluene Oxymethylpyrrolidme Oxyquinizinecarboxylic acid amido- Ozone and oxygen volumetric relationsP Palladium separation of mercury lead Pallasite from Campo de Pucark Papaverine - composition of - derivatives - salts Paper formation of active oxygen in Paper quantitative estimation of woodPaper-making use of talc in Paracoumaric acid - - dibromide bromo- Paracjmyl phenyl carbinol - - ketone .Paraffin oil alkalo’id-like bases in - series synthesis in the by means ofParagalactin Paragonite schist from the Oral Paraldehyde action of quinaldine on Paramyosinogen Yaratungstates Parvoline oxidation of Pease composition of Pectolite from Auchensterry Q uarry Pentadecyl phenyl ketone Pentadecylic acid Pentahydroxycaproic acid Pentamethylbenzene action of sulphuricPen tamethy lbenzenesulphonic acid andPentamethylene-derivatives TRANS Pentamethylenediamine identity ofPentamethylenedicarboxylic acid Pentane-cop -tetracarboxylic acid Pentathiophen group Pepper analysis of - oil black Pepsin comparative estimation of pre-Peptones in the blood and urine Perbromic acid Percylite from Chili Peridote of Schehnger Matten Periodates TRANS Periodic law Permanganates formation of manga-Per-ruthenic acid in histology Petroleum and the hydrocarbons of coal-Kilsyth Pettenkofer’s reaction Phellandrene Phenaceturic acid synthesis of Phenacite from Colorado Phenanthraquinone dihydrocjanide Phenazine-derivatives - pyrogenic formation of Phenazoxine Phenethylamine preparation of Phenetoa heat equivalent of Phenol action of phosphorous chloridePhenolphthalein behaviour of alkalinePhenols action of aldehydes on - action of benzaldehyde on Phenols reaction of diazoamido-com-Yhenolsulphonic acid amido- action ofPhenosafranine constitution of 1M Phenoxyaceticacrylic acid methyl ke-Phenoxyacetic-m-carboxylic acid Phenoxyacetic-p-carboxylic acid Phenyl o-amido- mercaptan and di-Phenylacetic acid Phenylacetonitrile carbamjde Phenylamidine Phenylamidoacetic acid derivative8 of Phenylamidolutidine Phenylamidopropionic acid from thePhenylamidoquinaldine Phenylammeline Phenylasparaginanil Phenylaspartic acid Phenylazodimethylarnidobenzene m-Phenylazoethylresorcinol (ortho-) Phenylbismuthine dibromide Phenylcrotonitrilecarbamide Phenylcumylthjocarbamide Phenylcyantetrazole Phenyldehydrohexone TRANS - action of hydrogen bromide on Phenyldehydrohexonecarboxylio acid TRANS Phenyldehydrohexonecarboxylic acid Phenyl-y-&dibromovalericacid o-amido-Phenyldimethylethylammonium tri- Phenyldimethylpyrazolecarboxylic acid Phenyldimethylppzolone Phenyldimethglpyrroline [l Phenylditolglmethane m-nitro- Phenylethane dimetharoido- Phenylene dibromodichlorethylene ke-Phenylenechlorohydroxyacetylene ke-Phenylenediamine (meta-) dinitro- andPhenylenedibromacetylene ketone Phenylene-m-diphenylsulyhone actionPhenylglucosazonecarboxylic acid Phenylglutaric acid Phenylglycerosazone Phenylglycidic acid Plochl’s Phenylglycinephenylamidoacetic acid Phenylglycollic acid o-nitro- reductionPheuylglyoxylic acid formation of Pheny h y drazine - action of carbamide on - preparation of Phenylh y drazineamidoxalacetic acid Phenylhydrazinebenzal acetone Phenylhydrazinedehydracetio acid Phenylhydrazine-ethyl oxalacetate Phenylhydroypropionic acids a- andPhenylindole 9S6 Phenyliodohydracrylic acid Phenylisobutyric acid derivatives of Phenylisopropylamine Pheny lizindihydroxytartaric acid Phenyllactosazone Phenyllepidinamine Phenyllutidine m-smido- Phenyllutidinedicarboxylic acid Phenyllutidone j TBANS Phenyllutidonecarboxylic acid Phenyllutidonedicarboxylic acid Phenylmaltosazone Phenylmethacrylic acid derivatives of Phenyl-p-methoxyhydroquinoline a-m-Phenyl-p-methoxyquinoline a-m-nitro- Phenylmethylacridine Phenylmethylamidopyrimidine Phenylme t hyl benzybdenepyrazolone Phenylme thylcinnimenepprazolone Phenylmethylcyantriazole Phenylmethylhydroxy bromopyrimidine Phenylmethylhydroxypyrimidine di-Phenyhnethylisonitrosopyrazolone Phenylmethy lisopropylenepyrazolone Phenylmethylnitropyrazolone Phenylmethylpyrazoline Phenylmethylpyrazoloneazobenzene Phenylmethyltriazole Phenylmethyltriazolecarboxylic acidPhenylnaphthophenanthrazonium hydr-Phenyl-/?-naphthylamine azo-deriva-Phenylnitrobenzenesdphazide m-nitro-Phenyloxyacrylic acid p- and o-nitro- Plienylpiperidine and its nitro-deriva-Phenylpiperidylcarbamide Phenylpropyl alcohol Phenylpropylene dinitro- Phenylpseudoisatin Phenylpyrazole Phenyl-m-pyrazole Phenylpyrazoline Phenylpyrrolinedibenzoic acid Phenylpgruvic acid l& Phenylseleniocarbimid e Phenylsorbinazone Phenylsuccinimide Yhenylsulphinacetic acid non-existencePhenylsulphocyamine a-amido- Yhenylsulphone dichloro- Yhenylthiocarbimide oxide Phenyl-p-toluidine and its derivatives Phenyltribromothiophen p-bromo- Phenyltrimethylpyrazolone Phenplurazole Phenylvaleric acid o-amido- derivativesPhlorizin TRANS - dextrose from TRANS Phloroglucinol furf uran - derivativesPhosgenite from Chili Phosphates arsenates and vanadates Phosphomolybdates constitution of Phosphomolybdic acid solubility of inPhosphonium chloride critical point of Phosphoplatinous chloride Phosphorescence - of alumina - of calcium carbonate influence ofPhosphoric acid estimation of 864! Phosphorites occurrence of iodine in Phosphoroscope modification of Phosphorus amorphous action of onRence of TRANS - vapour-density of a t a white heat Phosphotungstic acid - acids ’777 Photography orthochromatic Ph t halaldeh yde Phthalaldehydic acid Phthalaldoxime Phthalethimidylacetic acid Phthalic acid chloro- dichloro- B-dichloro- phenylhydrazine tetrachloro- and its deriva-Phthalide action of phenylhydrazine on Phthalimide dichloro- Phthal-/3-naphthylimide Phthdylacetic acid action of amines on Phthalyldiphenyldihydrazide Phthalylphenylbeuzohydrazinic acid Phthalylphenylhydrazidamide Phyllocyanic acid Phymatorusin Physiological action and chemical con-Picolinedicarboxyh acid Picolinetricarboxylic acid a- [2 Picolinic acid chloro- Picric acid colour reactions of Picrocarmine preparation of Picromerite Picrylhydroxylamine Pig digestion in the - period required for digestion inPig’s bile the acid8 of Pig-iron Bee Iron Pilocarpidine synthesia 6f Pilocarpine synthesis of Pimelic acid TRANS Pipecolefne - a- specific rotation of Pipecolines a- and B- Piperide‘ine series Piperidine action of phosphoric chloridePiperidyloxamic acid Piperilene bromination of Plagioclsse from California Plants action of alkaloyds on - chlorosis in - fleshy leaved exhalation of oxygenPlatinum and tin alloy of - compounds ammoiiiacal - discovery of in the sun - fused and fused silver compara-ISDEX OF SUBJECTS 1239Platinum iron and copper alloys of Plattnerite .Ylumbocalcite from Wanlock Head 55’7 Poisons gaseous action of Polarisation of copper by the extensionPolyarsenite a new mineral Polycoumarins Poljiodides - crystallographic examination of Polyrnnestum Porphyry from Horka Prussia Potash crude determination of alkalinePotassium alkyl oxides heat of forma-Potassium nitrouracilcarboxylate - perchlorate decomposition of byPotatoes composition of Potential meters application of electro-Powders development of heat whenPrsedacite Christiania Precipitation theory of fractional Prehnite from Jordansmuhl Silesia Pressure effect of on the decompositionPropaldehyde and acetaldehyde actionPropenylsalicylic acid (para-) Propeptone pyrogallol as a reagent for Propionamide a-anilido- - a-p- and a-o-toluido Propionates acid Propionic acid a-anilido- Propionic acids substituted Propionitrile a-amilido- 142Propionitrile hydrogenation of - a-p- and a-o-toluido- Propionylacetophenone Propionylopianic acid Propionylpyrroliii e Propoxylbromosulicylic acid Propyl dioxythiocarbonate - vanadate TRANS Propylamines normal preparation of Propylbenzene chloro- Propylbenzoylecgonine Propylene a-chloro- Propylhydrocarbostyril Propylhydrocinnamic acid (para-) Propylthienylglyoxylic acid Propj-It hiop h en bromo- - derivatives Propylthiophenic acid Propylxanthic acid Prote‘ids of cerebrospinal fluid - of muscle plasma - of seeds changes in during ger- - of the seeds of jequirity - relatiou of to digestive ferments Protoalbumose Protoplasm from recently killed animals Protovitellose Prussim and Turnbull‘s blues compo-Pseudobiotite Pseudocarbostyril derivatives of Pseudocumene action of methylenePseudocumenequinol Pseudocumenequinone nitro- Pseudocumenyl-y-ketonic acid Pseudocumyl phenyl ketone Pseudolutidinecarbostyril Pseuclomorphme Pseudophite from South Africa Pseudophthalimidine Yseudoquinisatin Psilomelane occurrence of lithium in Pterocarpin from sandal wood Pterolite from Lovo Ptoma’ine a new? producing tetanus - poisonous in milk Ptoma‘ines - from pure cultivations of PibriaPtomalnes origin of Purpurogallin Putrefaction aromatic products of inPyrazole-derivatives Pprazoles (meta-) Pyrazolines Pyrazolone-derivatives from ethyl ben-Pyrazolones (meta-) Pyrene - constitution of - ketone Pyridanthrilic acid Pyridine action of chlorine on Pyridinedicarboxylic acid - - bromo- Pyridinepolycarboxylic acids Pyridinetricarboxylic acid dibromo- Pyridylquinoline Pyridylquinolinecsrboxylic acid Pyrimidines Pyrites burnt estimation of smallPyrogallol action of chlorine and bro-Pyrogenic reactions Pyrometer new Pyromucic acid chloro- Pyromykuric acid - - carbamide PBOC Pprotritartayic acid bromo- and chloro-Pyroxene from the Krimlerthal Pyrrolidine Pyrroline action of acetone on - action of propionic anhydride on Pyruvic acid compound of with hippu-Pyvuramide dibromo- Pyvurei’d dibromo- Pyvurine tribrmo- Q-Quartz artificial production of - crystals with basal plane Quartzite Quercin - crystalline form of Quercite heats of combustion and for-Quinaldine bromo- and chloro- - - y-chloro- - condensation of with aldehydes Quinalizarin and its derivatives Quinazolines lo& Quinic acid heats of combustion andQ uinine chromate in analysis - hydrochloride normal - sulphate analysis of - - estimation of - - estimation of cinchonidhe in Quinizines Quinol and its derivatives - chlorotrihromo- TRANS - diacetylchlorotribromo- TBANS Quinol dinitro- constitution of - heat of combustion of - tetrachloro- Quinoline bromo- and its derivativee Quinolinecarboxylic acid bromo- Quinolinedisiilphonic acid Quinolinesulphonic acid - acids o- and m- Quinolinic anhydride Quinone a obtained in the destructiveQ uinonedioxime Quinone ortho- See Orthoquinone Quinones action of yellow ammoniumQuinoneoximes Quinoxaline series nomenclature of R Racemic acid TRANS Radiant matter speotroscopy 1066Radiation comparative of fused plati-Raffinose formation of galactose andRain- water collected at Cirencester Rape seed oil constituents of Rapic acid Ralstonite Raspberries wine and brandy from Reactions chemical application of theRealgar chemical nature of Recalescence Red liquors examination of Refraction molecular of carbon com-Refractive power of compounds in-Reichert’s distillation process Resin from teak T~ANB Resins separation of Resorcinol behaviour of ethyl oxalateRespiration chemical effect of andRhodium and tin alloy of Ricinoleic acid oxidation of Rock salt dispersion in Rocks eruptive from Krzeszowice Cracow Rosaniline base description and mea-Roseoco balt pyrophospha te Roseo-rhodium bromide - co balticyanide - iodide sulphate - nitrate - orthophosphate - platinochloride nitrate sulphate Roshydrazine Rosindole Rottlerin Rubazonic acid Ruberythric acid Rubidium cobalt nitrite Rubies artificial formation of Ruby Balas artificial production of Ruthenium and tin alloy of Xye manuring with basic - slag andS Saccharose decomposition of by boilingSaccharoses action of dilute acids on Safranine constitution of - dyes Safranines constitution of 4d30 Safrole Salicylaldehyde action of on sodiumSalicylaldehydes nitro- Salicylic acid action of phosphoricSalicylphosphorous chloride Saliva action of on starch - parotid gases of - presence of hydrogen peroxide in INDEX OF XTBTECTS _ _Salt solutions boiling points of expansion of supersaturation of TRANS Salts conductivity of in dilute solutions Samarium spectra of Samarsltite new elements in Sltnguinarine Santonin manufacture of - oxidation of Saponification velocity of Sapphirine from Greenland Saprine Sarcomata melanotic pigments of Sarkinite a new manganese arsenate Sativic acid constitution of Sausage poisoning Scale crystalline formed in the mtinu-Scandium phosphorescence of Scapolite series Scheelite from the Krimlerthal Schoolrooms carbonic anhydride in theSchweizer's reagent Scolezite from Striegau Scorodite from Utah Sebaceodinitranilide Secretions digestive in the horse Seeds changes hi the prote'ids of duringSeleniferous sulphuric acid detection ofSelenious acid saturation of by bases Selenium action of on aqueous silverSensitisem photographic Serin absorption-spectrum of TXANS Serpentine-chlorite group minerda of Serpentines from Porthalla Cove Corn-Serum blood new constituent of - fibrinogen Sesquiauramine Sesquihydraurylamine .Sesqui-magnesia alum Sesquiterpenes Shale spirit composition of PROC - tar relation between petroleuniSheep amounts of nitrogen ingestedNew Jersey Shikimic acid Shot andysis of M6 Silage of maize - of vegetable matter Silica crystallised artificial productionSilicates analpie of in the dry way Silicic acid decomposition of by leaves Silicocarbonate crystalline from aodaSilicon atomic weight of TRANS - chlorobromide a new TRANS TRANS Silicon in specially pure iron TRANS Bilicotungstic acid Silkworms feeding and development of Silver action of acidified potassiumCotopaxi - periodates TRANS - phosphates - phosphorised - potassium thiosulphate TRANS Skatole-derivatives - from strychnine Skatoxyl occurrence of in human sweat Slag basic (basic converter or ThomasSlag basic manurial value of Slags determination of metallic iron in Smell sensitiveness of the sense of Soap carbolic assay of determination of fatty acids in Soaps estimation of fatty acids in Soda liquors a crystalline silicocarbo-Sodium action of on the ethyl salts ofSodium monosulphide intluence of heatI_ nitrate in gun cotton reaction of with ferrous hy-Soil arable determination of ammoniaSoils absorption by - behaviour of urea in - decomposition of organic matterSoja bean f a t of the sugars of the Solanine amount of in diseased pota-Solar radiation and heat comparativeSolids electrical conductivity of a t highSolubility of chlorides effect of hydro-Solution a particular case of Solutions aqueous conditions of equili-Sorbus aucuparia tsnnic acid in theSorghum fermentation of Spartei’ne I__ ethiodide - methiodide - reaction of with ethyl iodide Specific gravity of soluble mbstances Spectra absorption compounds of rareSpectral lines of solar and terrestrialSpectroscope universal Spectroscopy radiant matter Spectrum absorption- of didymium Spectrum production of white light bySphalerite action of hydrochloric aridSpheroidal state Spinel fluorescence of - rose artificial production of Spodiosite place of in the mineralSpodumene from North Carolina Sponge sea water presence of chloro-Stannic oxide colour reactions of compounds of with sulphu-Starch action of saliva on - action of sulphuric acid on - alcoholic fermentation ot‘ 1’71 - cellulose true nature of Stassfurt potash liquors working up of Steel cast heating and cooling of - determination of phosphorus in Stilbene bromide p-dinitro- - diamido- - reaction of - tetrazo- dyes from Stilbenes substituted formation of 151Stilbenesulphonic acid diamido- Stomach decomposition of bromidesStrawberries wine and brandy from Stromeyerite from Mexico Strontia phosphorescence of Strontium and sodium double arsenatesStrophanthidin Strophanthin Strophanthus - seeds constituents of Struvite Strychnine and brucine estimation of Stuvenite Styrolene alcohol hydrocarbon ClGHI2 Styryl-m-pyrazole Styryl-m-pyrazolone Submersion figures Substitution an explanation of the lawsSuccinanil dibromo- Sugar action of nitric acid on - addition of to cattle foods - beet- colour reactions of - behaviour of towards acids andISDEX OF SUBJECTS 1247Sugar from heeperidin and naringin ’715 - from phlorizin TRANS - fruit- action of dilute acids on Sugars Suint aminee in Sulphaminehemellithylic acid a- and p- Sulphamineterephthalic acid Sulphate normal determination ofSulphates and iodates precipitation ofSulphazides Sulphethamidobenzoicacid (ortho-) Sulphides mineral natural solutions of Sulphimidobenzene o- m- and p- Sulphimiodonaphthalene a- p- y- andSulphinates aroriiatic ethereal beha-Sulphites and nitrites of metals other thanBulphobenzereazophenyl-t??-naphth yl-Sulphobenzidedisulphonic acid and itsSulphohemellithylic acid VOL LTI Sulphohydroxystearic acid Sulpholeic acid Sulphonates aromatic direct conversionSul phoxjleneazo-/3-nnphth oldisulphonicSulphur action of on ammonia andSulphuranes Sulphuricacid action of on zinc con-Sulphurous acid action of nitrous acidSumach determination of tannin in Sun dissociation of oxygen and hydro-Sun presence of carbon and platinumSuperphosphates and free phosphoricSupersaturation of salt solutions Sweat human aromatic products ofSylvestrene T Talc from South Africa - used in papermaking Tannic acid in mountain ash berries Tannin blue coloration of with iodine Tantalic anhydride colour reactions of Taps safety PROC Tar oils boiling between 170" and 200" Tartar emetic heat of formation of Tartaric acid TRANS - - rotatory power of substancesTartrazines a new series of dyes Tartronic acid heat of neptralisation of Tea-leaves composition of Teak certain products from TRANS Tectone TRANS Tellurides crystallised heat of forma-Tellurium action of on solutions ofTellurium microchemical test for - silver bismuth from Jalisco Temperature dependence of chemicalTemperatures critical of substancesMexico Ter eben then e amido - - nitro- - nitro-derivatives of action of hy-Terephthalic acid bromo- I_ sulphinidr Terpene dextrorotatory from RussianTerpenes - and their compounds with hydro-Terpilenol Terpinene - nitrite Terpineol Terpinol Terpinolene Terpol Tertiary alcohols physiological actionTetanus produced by a new ptoma'ine Tetrabenzoylisodulcitol Tetrabenzoplquinone Tetracalcium phosphate Tetrncetylsativic acid Tetrahydrodimethy lquinaldine Tetrahydro-a-ethilquinoline Tetrahydrohydroxy -a-phenylquinoline Tetrah ydroh ydroxyquinolinecarboxylicTetrahydrolepidine Tetrahy dronaphthalene-derivatives Tetrahydronaphthalenedicarboxylic an-TetrahydronaphthalenetetracarboxylicTetrahydronaphthobenzylamine Tetrahydro-8-naphthobenzylamine Tetrahydropapaverine and its deriva-Tetrahydropicoline Tetrahy dropyridylacrylic acid (anhydro-PROC Tetrahydroquinolinecarboxylic acidTetraliydroterephthalic acid TI trahy drothiophencarboxylic acid Tetrahydro-a-tliiophencarboxylic acidTetrahydroxyanthraquinones Tetrahydroxystearic acid Tetrahydroxyvaleric acid Tetraisobutylmethylenediamine Te trainethdiamidoditolylnitrophenyl-Tetramethoxydiamidodiphenyl Tetramethylammonium enneaiodide andTetramethylanthracene Tetramethyldiamidobenzophenone Tetrameth y idiamidodichloronit rotriphe-Te tramethyldiamidodiphenylethane Tetrsmet byldiamidodiphenylthienyl-TetramethyldiamidothiobenzophenoneTetramethyldiarnidotoluene Tetramethpldimethylene disulphone Tetramethgldiquinoline and its deriva-Tetramethylene aldehyde TRANS - -derivatives TRANS Tetramethy lenecarboxylic acid TRANS Tetramethylenedicarboxylic acid [l Tetramethylenetetracarboxylic acid TRANS Tetrarnethylpprazine Tetraphenylazine TRANS Tetraphenyleneazine TRANS Tetraphenylgljcosine TRAA-s Tetrapropylmetliylenediamine Tetrethyldiresorcinol Tetrethjlmethylenediamine Thalleioquinine reaction Thallin Thallium cobalt nitrite - in platinum Thebake 2b0 Thermal properties of a mixture ofThermochemical data determination GfThermochemical law respecting non-Thermochemistry of bibasic phosphatesThermodynamic equivalents or con-Thermodyna mics and chemistry Theibmo-elements electromotive force ofThermo-regulator Thiammeline Thieiiethglamine Thienyl bisulphide Thienylacetic acid Thienylglycollic acid Thio-salts inorganic reduction of Thioani sidine Thioanisylthiocarbamide Thioanisylthiocarbimide Thiocarbamic chloride Thiocarbamide action of cyanides on Thiocarbamides action of bibasic acidsThiocarb-o-amidophenol Thiocarbimides aromatic additive pro-Thiocarbonyl chloride action of chlorineThiocjanates effects of on vegetationThiocyanic acid action of acids on L_- and its compounds withThiodiglycol chloride TRANS Thiodiglycol compounds Thiodiinethylaniline Thiodiphen ylamine synthesis of Thioform:rlhehyde derivatives of Thiolutidine Thiometaformaldehyde Thiomethyluracil Thiomethyluracilacetic acid Thiomolybdates reduction of Thiophen bye-products of the manu-Thiophendicarboxylic acid B-Thiophenic acid derivatives of Thiophthz!ic anhydride Thiosulphate errors connected with theThiosulphates decomposition of byThiosulphonates aromatic containingThiosulphuric acid detection of in aThio-p-toluidine and its derivatives Thio-p-tolylthiocarbamide Thioxen (meta-) and its derivatives Thomas-slag See Basic-slag Thomsonite lamellar Thorium chloride vapour-density of Thulium and erbium phosphorescenceIhymol chloro- and bromo- cymeneThymoquinol 8-bromo- '7.20 - a-chluro-8-bromo- '720 - oxidation of Tl~gmoquinols a-chloro- Thymoquinone-oxime Thymoquinones a- and p-chloro- Thymoquinones isomeric chloro- andThyinyl ethyl carbonate Tiglic acid and its derivatives Tin and platinum metals crystallineTitanic acid estimation of Titaninm - hisulphide - carbide in pig-iron - di- tri- and tetra-chlorides Tolane p -dinitro- Tolud iquinoyl tet ro xim e and its anhy-Toluene action of heat on the vapourTolueneazimidotoluene Toluene-o-azodiethylaniline p-acet-Toluene-o-azodimethylaniline p-acet -Toluene-p-1~zodimethylaniline o-acet-Tolueneilzodiint thy laniline p-azophenol I_ p-azo-&naphthol Tolueneazo-a napllthol ortho and para- Tol~teiieazo-B-naplit Iiol ortho- and para- Tolueneazoresorcinol (para-) Toluene-p-diazoconine Toliiene p - rn- aiid o-diazopiperidideToluenedisulphonic acids - - the six isomeric Toluenes chloronitro- Toliienesulphonic acids (meta- andToluic acid bromonitro- Toluic acid (meta-) Toluic acid (ortho-) and its derivatives Toluidine chloro- and its derivatives Toluidine (para-) citric acid derivativesToluidines chloro- - (ortho- and para-) separation of Toluidinesulphonic acids separation of Toluidodibromopropionitrile a-ortho-Toluidopropionic acid (ortho-) Tolunap hthazines isomeric constitutionTolanitrile bromo-o- Toluquinol and its chloro- and bromo-Toluquinone and its chloro- and bromo-Toluylene-blue Toluylenediamine o-aceto-m Toluylenediamine (ortho-) action ofToluylenediamine (met a-para-) actionToluylene-dithiourethane (meta-) Toluylene-red Toluylene-thiocarbamide (ortho- andTolylacetic acid (para-) Tolylbenzene a-bromo- TRANS 8’7 Tolylbenzoic acid B-dibromo- TRANS Tolylcarbamide di-o-chloro-rn- Tolyldichlorobenzoic acid Tolyldiphenylpyrroline Tolylethylamide (para-) Tolylglycine nitro- salts of Tolylglyoxylic acid (para-) Toljlhydrazineacetone (para-) Tolylhydrazinepyruvic acid (ortho- andTolylhydroxyacetic acid (para-) Tolylmethamide (para-) Tolyl-8-naphthylamine (para-) Tolylnitrotoluenesulphazide nitro- Tolylphthalamic acid (ortho-) and itsTolylphthalimide (ortho-) Tolyl-B-propionic acid (para-) 82’7’ Tolylp yrrolinedibenzoic acid (para-) Tolylthienyl ketone (ortho-) Tolylthiocarbamide di-o-chloro-m- Tolylthiocarbimide oxide (para-) Tolyltoluenesulphazide (ortho-) Topazfrom the Thomas range Utah Torpedo chemical studies on Torpedo-mucin Tortoise urine of the Tourmaline black from North Caro-Trachyte-dolerites of the Vogelsberg Trachytic rocks from the island of SanTrialkylpyridines symmetrical oxidationTrianisylarsine Triauramine Triazobenzenesulphonic acid (para-) andTriazonaphthalenesulphonic acid and itsTribenzoylisodulcitol Tribenzylbenzoxyammonium iodide Tribenzylhomo-o-phthalimide Tribrassidin Tric hloromethylsulphonylthiocarb-Tricresylcyanurate o- p - and rn- Tridymite artificial production of Trierucin Triethyl carbinol Triethylbenzylphosphonium salts actionTriethylhomo-o-phthalimide Triethylmethylammonium pent- andTrieugenyl cyanurate Trihydraurylamine Trihydroxjmethylanthraquinone fromDrosera Whittakeri TRANS 3’73 Trihydroxypyridine [2 and itsTrihydroxyxanthogallol Triisobutylamine platinochloride TrimeRic acid synthesis of ethereal saltsTrimethyl chloraurophosphite TrimPthgl-a-amidobutyrobeta’ine and itsPietro Trimethylamine source of in ergot ofTrimethylanthracene Trimethylbismuthine Trimethyldipiperidgl Trimethylene bromide action of on theTrimethylenedicarbanilic chloride andTrimethylenedicarboxylic acid TRANS Trimethylenediphenyldiamine action ofTrimethylenediphenylcarbamide 5’77 Trimethylene-a-tetramethylenedipyrro-Trimethylenetricarboxylic acid consti-Trimethylethylammonium enneaiodide Trimethylethylene action of’ nitric per-Trimethylhomoplithalimide and its de-Trimethylindole [l’ 2/ 3’1 Trimethylnaphthalene Trimethylphenylpyrazoline Trirnet hylpropylammonium hydroxideTrimethylpyrroline Trimethyltricoumaric acid Trimethyltricoumarin Trinaphthyl cyanurates u- and /3- Tri-p-nitrophenyl cyanurate Triphenetylarsine Triphenylammeline a third Triphenylbismuthine - dibromide - dichloride Triphenylcarbinoldicarboxylic acid Triphenylmelamine - formula of Triphenjlmethane-derivatives - description and measurement ofTriphenylmethanecarboxFlic acid Triphenylmethyl bromide action of onTriphenylpyridine Triphenylpgrroline [l Triphenylthiammeline Trithiovaleraldehyde Trithyinyl cyanurate Tri-p-xj lylmethane Trona Tropine constitution of 74&Trypsin digestion of fibrin by Tungsten atomic weight of Tungstic acid separation of phosphoricTurkey-red oil Turnbull’s and Prussian blues compo-Turquoise from New Mexico 1’16 Tuscany minerals from Tyrosine relation of to hippuric acid U Ultramarine action of carbonic anhy-Uracil nitro- metallic derivatives of Uracilcarbamide nitro- Uracilcnrboxylic acid nitro- and amido- Urao artificial production of 7’71 *:Urea and uric acid excretion of fromUreometer Uric acid estimation of place of origin of in theUric acid synthesis and constitution of Urinary pigments Urine beliaviour of with quinol - creatinine in - detection of albumin in Urns ancient analyses of Urobilinoydin Utah rare copper minerals from Uvinone Valerie acid y-amido- preparation of Valerolactone action of phenylhydr-Vanadates alkaline - ammoniacal - arsenates and phosphates ana-Vanadic acid estimation of Vanadinite crystallised from ArizonaVanadium detection and estimation of Vanadium extraction of from iron ores Vanillin preparation of from m-chloro-Vanillinoxjacetic acidR Vapour-densities apparatus for deter-Vapour-pressure influence of change ofVapour-tension meaeure of the chemicalVapour-tensions apparatus for measur-Vapours electrical conductivity of Vaselin Vegetable tissue presence of albuminVegetation effects of thiocyanates on Velocity of chemical reactions Vesuvius minerals from Victoria yellow colour reactions of Villarsite from Traverselle T'i'ncetoxicum oJicinnle active princi-Vine leaves physiological r d e of Vinyl chloride action of ammonia on Vinjlbenzoic acids o-trichloro- andVinylphenol dibromide bromo-p- VioIaii from Piemont Virus zymotic and fermentation Vitellin products of digestion of Vitelloses Volatilisation of dissolved substancesVolcanic ash from Cotopaxi occurrenceVolcanoes origin of hydrogen chloride Voltaic action theory of Volume rhange in during the formationVolumes law of in chemistry - molecular influence of double andWater analysis - bacteriological examination of Water rain- at Cirencester amount ofWater-gas composition of Waters drainage- composition of Orientales) - well- determination of nitrates in Waxes sp gr and other characters of Keight of drops and their relation toWell-waters See Waters Wheat loss occasioned by improperWillemite artifirial production of Wine detection of aniline coloura In Wines estimation of glycerol in - estimation of solid matter in Wollastonite from Sardinia 7’09 Wood in paper estimation of Xanthine-derivatives in urine Xanthocreatinine formation of in theXantho-rhodium bromide - chloride - dithionate - hydroxide Xenotime from North Carolina Xenylenedihydrop~razine Xeronic acid synthesis of from a-di-Xylene diamido- - meta- action of methylene chlorideXyleneazoresorcinol Xylenol p-amido- - ethers heat equivalent of Xglidinesulphonic acid (meta-) ’ consti-Xylorcinol (meta-) Xylorcinolcarboxylic acid (meta-) Xyloquinol (para-) oxidation of Xyloquinonedioxime (para-) Xyloqninoneoxime (para-) Xyloyldiphenylamide Xylyl ethyl ketone para- - phenyl carbinol o - m- and p - - phenyl ketone o- m- and p - - phosphorous compounds Xylylamines from xylenols primaryXylgl-p-cymylphenylmethane (para-) Xylylene oxide tetrachloro- Xylylglyoxylic acid (ortho-) Xylyl-@-ketonic acid (para-) Xylyl-y-ketonic acid (para-) Xylylphosphinic acids a-m- and P-m- Xylylphosphochloride [l 4] Yeast elliptical products of fermenta-Ytterbium phosphorescence of .Y ttria phosphorescent sharp line spec-Zinc-blende black of Freiberg - bloom and fibrous from Carinthia Zincite artificial production of - crgstallised from Stirling Hill Zinkenite from Arkansas Zirconium - crystallised compounds of - sodium phosphates Zirconyl compounds Zymogluconic acid

ISSN:0368-1769    

DOI:10.1039/CA8875201193

出版商:RSC    

年代:1887

数据来源: RSC