摘要:

AbstractAlthough the concept of relevance (or weight) of inputs plays a central role in equity theory, it has not been clearly defined. The present investigation attempts to answer the question of when, and which, inputs are taken into account in allocation decisions. Subjects were given a stimulus story in which two fictitious persons had, through joint work, produced a monetary gain or loss; further, information was provided on the relative effort (amount of time worked intensively) and /or ability (as determined by a test) that each stimulus person had contributed. Subjects were asked how they would allocate the gain or loss.Empirical evidence for the following three codeterminants of allocation decisions was obtained: (1) the type of input—personal and behavioural characteristics are [relevant] for allocation if they are perceived as (a) causallv important for outcome production, (b) variable, and (c) under the person's volitional control; (2) the type of outcome to be allocated—more equal allocations are observed when loss as opposed to gain must be allocated; and (3) the constellation of individual inputs on given dimensions—information is given on several input dimensions, a dimension which should be [irrelevant]according to criteria (a), (b), and (c) does codetermine allocations when recipients have contributed equally with respect to this dimension. The latter finding is discussed from the perspective of [cognitive alg

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420100102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe [ethogenic] analysis of human social behaviour proposed by Harré and Secord is based on the idea of man as a freely choosing purposeful agent, contrasted with the mechanistic, or deterministic, conception of man which is the basis of most traditional research and theory in social psychology.The idea that a person's social behaviour is governed by social rules is central in the ethogenic scheme. But the same idea is also implicit in much traditional research and theory. A consideration of the concept of social rule in the study of social behaviour helps to clarify the relation in which ethogenics stands to traditional social psychology and highlights a fundamental difference between them in their respective fields of enquiry. Harré and Secord's claim that the ethogenic paradigm should replace traditional models is misplaced because the two approaches are demonstrably compatible. Indeed, the necessity of a causal mechanistic account can actually be derived from certain assumptions of the ethogenic paradigm itself.It is shown that important headway may be made in social psychology, particularly in relation to the study of physical and mental illness, by acknowledging the compatibility of the two approache

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420100103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudied the impact of individualization and psychologization of minorities upon their influence. In Experiment I, 72 Swiss male and female 15‐year‐old students read a text on pollution prepared in a 2 × 2 ANOVA‐design (one/ two sources, rigid/flexible style) and reported their impression of the content. As below, attitude was measured before and after reading. In Experiment II, 24 second‐year Swiss psychology students judged the presumed author of an anti‐militaristic tract by adjectives with either merely political or political and psychological connotations. Results indicate that the strong difference between flexible and rigid style appears with one source only, but that independent of the number of sources, a rigid style obtains a less positive image. Change of attitude in moderate subjects judging with political adjectives only vanished in those using psychological adjectives in addition. As a rigid minority only tacks influence when individualized and as psychologization constitutes an ideological functioning of resistance to social change, psychological research, by its current strategies, might be participating in such

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420100104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSimple models of information integration focus essentially on the combination of the components of information. This research investigated whether cognitive variables in the constructs of intelligence and cognitive complexity, as well as concentration, could predict the conditions of simple models of judgement. As additional predictors, the two qualitative variables [type of information] and [experience of the judgement task]were introduced. Subjects judged three types of stimuli using the pair comparison method. The conditions of the judgement models were analysed in the framework of the conjoint‐measurement approach. Five different regression functions provided mediocre approximations to the 10 conditions of the models, when the 9 cognitive variables were considered. The small differences did not favour one of the five functions. The introduction of the qualitative predictor [type of information] improved the estimations more clearly than the experience of the judgement task, the effect of which was smal

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420100105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper outlines and initially tests a conceptual model of social norms, within the context of a general research framework for examining how deviant behaviour is identified and responded to. Norms are examined vis‐a‐vis (a) the structure of beliefs and expectancies toward one's own and [deviant] individual's behaviour, and (b) normative focus, representing the social context of behaviour and the nature of the group the norm is shared within. The results showed both of these constituents to be salient to the application of the model to the identification of alcohol abuse, particularly in terms of (i) the relationship between normative structure and the recognition of and evaluation of deviant drinking, (ii) a strong influence of social context on norms and (iii) the finding of powerful differences in normative structure in socio‐economically different communities. This latter effect is discussed in terms of the [social ecology]of norms. It is hoped that this model will have heuristic value in expediting theory based studies of both normative regulation, and perceptions of abnormal beha

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420100106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420100107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420100110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420100113

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420100117

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420100121

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY