摘要:

AbstractStudied differences in verbal, nonverbal, and physiological responses during a confrontation with a male confederate role‐playing either a physically handicapped (PH), homosexual (HS), or normal (NOR) person. One hundred and eight males from colleges of economics and engineering listened in a laboratory experiment to personal introductions by two confederates in succession. Whereas the first confederate always appeared normal, the second took one of the three roles mentioned. A further informal meeting with this confederate was arranged outside the laboratory; all subjects had taken a stereotype test before. Normative differences between PH and HS (p ≤ 0.05) are found on verbal measures including the stereotype test, self‐rated emotion and consent to a further contact. General effects of deviance separating PH and HS from NOR (p ≤ 0.05) emerge on observed emotion, interpersonal distance during the informal meeting, and skin‐resistance responses. The results largely confirm the hypotheses. They are interpreted as supporting a distinction between intended (action‐type) components of behaviour which are strongly influenced by subjective norms, and unintended (reaction‐type) components reflecting undifferentiated reaction

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420110101

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudied the behaviour of subjects in a ‘normalization’ experiment: when a consistent confederate adopts the subject's norms (adoption situation); when the consistent response of the confederate deviates from the subject's norm (distance situation). We had three conditions for each of these two modes of response: we manipulated the C's image (C was always similar to the subject), and the image of a reference population: C and S were both either very similar (C and S in the majority) or very dissimilar (C and S in the minority) to the population. Or there was no image manipulation.Sixty male subjects participated in this experiment: 10 subjects in each of the six experimental conditions.In two adoption conditions (no image, C and S in the majority) the subjects changed their responses when the confederate adopted their norm. Our hypothesis on the resistance to influence in one of the distance condition (C and S in the minority) was not verified.Thus we have shown that a phenomenon of differential dissimilation exists, but our previous results on differential assimilation are not replicated. These results are coherent with the social differentiation and originality theory which stresses the quest for social identity and distinctiveness by actors who do not ‘react’ but who, in certains situations, elaborate str

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420110102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe applicability of Tajfel's social identity theory of intergroup relations was tested within a field situation of nursing, where high and low status trainee nursing groups are undergoing social change in status relations through a merger.The status relations of the two groups were assessed by examining advantages, disadvantages and subjective characteristics attributed to the groups. Close contact between groups may account for the unexpected reduction in intergroup differentiation when explict comparisons were made.No greater illegitimacy in perceived status relations was reported by the low status group, although more dissatisfactions were evidenced in terms of attributed disadvantages, a less positive ingroup identification, and a high proportion of the low status group who want change either through movement into the superior group, or by dissolving status relations through the merging of the two groups.Attempts to merge are geared towards increasing similarity between groups by gaining recognition for those high status characteristics the group believes it has acquired.With a view to social change, the non‐mobile low status subgroup are evolving a new and positive social identity for the group, perceiving little difference between groups. Strong intergroup differentiation by the high status group reflects the perceived threat of social change to the high status grou

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420110103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a series of seven different studies, the author attempted to test Piaget's theoretical position of social factors as primary contributors to the development of moral judgment.Populations of American and Swiss subjects were presented with moral dilemmas stories opposing adult—child and child—child situations and classified into three moral levels (heteronomous, intermediate, autonomous). The influence of school was studied by camparing moral levels of subjects who had never attended school to moral levels of kindergarten and first grade students. Questionnaires sent to Swiss and American parents provided information about their attitude toward the children's socialization. Effect of interaction was measured by interviewing subjects individually, then in pairs and on an individual post‐test three weeks later.Results demonstrate the role of social factors such as dynamic exchanges, discussions and oppositions in the learning of moral values. Cognitive conflicts are seen as fostering decentration and achievement of higher level responses through the equilibration pr

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420110104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFrom research on the organization of implicit personality theory, and on the fakability of psychometrically sophisticated scales a general argument about the conceptual overlap between implicit personality theory and ‘scientific’ theories of personality is developed. This is tested in the case of the common‐sense conception of extroversion—introversion, and that of Eysenck. The convergent validity of these two conceptions are found to be high enough to support the argument. The implications of the argument are discussed in relation to the correspondences between implicit personality theory and personality theory, and the functions of personality theory in psychology and implicit personality theory in everyd

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420110105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudied the effects of formal and informal interaction styles on the extremity of responsibility attribution judgements by groups. The stimuli were eight scenarios describing typical ‘life dilemmas’, incorporating the manipulation of the following two variables in a 2 × 2 design: (a) the risky‐cautious decision taken by the actor in response to the dilemma, and (b) the outcome of the decision (success‐failure). Subjects (N = 130) provided judgements about the attributed responsibility of the actor, and their perception of the actor and the situation first as individuals, followed by (a) formal or (b) informal group discussion, leading to consensus judgements. Results showed that group attributions were significantly more extreme than individual attributions, but only following the informal group interaction. The actors' riskiness and success were also significantly related to the size of the extremity shift. The findings are discussed in terms of the importance of the social context and the specific interaction episode in attribution judgements, and the possible implications of the results for such real life decision‐making groups as committees and interviewing panels are

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420110106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420110107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420110108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420110111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420110113

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY