ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420020102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThirty‐two groups of four naive Ss and one accomplice participated in this 2 × 2 × 2 experiment designed to test conditions facilitating imitation of a competent model played by the accomplice. It was assumed that the psychological distance between the competent model and the Ss would be lessened so that imitation would increase: 1. if the model was friendly rather than hostile, 2. if the situation was non‐frustrating rather than frustrating, and 3. if aggression was permitted rather than forbidden. Imitation was measured by the Ss' reproduction of the model's two mannerisms, and was found to be significantly influenced in the predicted way by the three variables. However, the freedom to aggress did not lessen psychological distance. Alternative explanations are provided for these re

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420020103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of first study, carried out by an English investigator, was to assess the extent to which Asian immigrant children had moved away from the values of their culture of origin. For this purpose some novel techniques were employed, including an identikit task and one focusing on Scottish versus Asian names. The outcome suggested that the children had been very powerfully influenced by the values of the host community. Since it was suspected that these results might have been in part a function of the ethnic membership of the investigator and/or the specific methods employed, the study was repeated on a comparable sample with an Indian psychologist and using modified test materials. The results of the second study remained unchanged as far as factual aspects were concerned; however, preferences expressed changed significantly in the direction of Asian cultural values. The theoretical and methodological implications of these findings are discussed, and it is argued that studies of this type are likely to have an inherent element of uncertainty which calls for caution in making generalizations.

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420020104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a learning experiment 10 Ss as receivers judged looking signals of a sender. Providing feedback about the real direction of gaze produced learning in the direction of an improvement of discrimination performance; the improvement was independent of visual acuity of receivers and was not correlated to extraversion and neuroticism. Performance at the beginning was poorer and learning progress better for fixation points which were further away from the face. Results are discussed with reference to improving accuracy of observers on the variable ‘looking behavior’, important in studies on nonverbal communication. A pre‐training of observers which allows explicit feedback about the real direction of gaze is pro

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420020105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDissonance theory and incentive theory call for different predictions concerning the relation of reward and attitude change after a person has performed some counter‐attitudinal behavior. According to dissonance theory a negative, and according to incentive theory a positive relationship is expected. An experiment was conducted in West Germany testing the interactions of choice versus no choice and public versus anonymus (private) essay‐writing. A dissonance effect was predicted for the choice/public condition and an incentive effect for the no choice/anonymus condition. The results support these predicti

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420020106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractData obtained from four national samples of 6–11 year old children are presented, showing preference for four countries, perceived friendship of these countries with the subject's own country and perceived relationships among the target‐countries. Two quantitative analogues of Heider's balance theory are used to examine the relations between these sets of data, one employing a multiplicative and the other a distance approach. Both models were found to fit the data adequately, further research being needed to discriminate between them. An explanation in terms of ‘ethnocentric correspondence’ is given to explain why prediction is noticeably better for British and Austrian than for Belgian and Greek

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420020107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe analysis of the responses from certain questions in a series of guided interviews suggests that the views of workpeople's motivation held by executives relate more to the size and type of company in which they are employed than to their age, training, education or amount shop floor of contact arising from periods of apprenticeship or of line management experience. The ways in which their view of the motivation of workpeople differs from their own attitudes to work are indicated. In particular, the commonly held dictum that apprenticeship is valuable in creating an understanding of workpeople and their viewpoints does not appear to be supported. The limitations of the study are discussed and future work indicated.

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420020108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to determine the nature of position biases in the cognitive representation of hierarchical social structures. A position in such a structure reflects the relative influence of its occupants. Using DeSoto's technique, 24 Dutch and 24 French Ss learned either a completely ordered or incompletely ordered structure. No significant differences were found between countries. The completely ordered structure was found easier to learn than the incomplete ones. According to the results of previous studies (Van Kreveld and Zajonc, 1966; Poitou, 1970) the learning curves for completely and incompletely ordered structures were expected to be respectively curvilinear and monotonic. The results did not support this expectation.

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420020109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420020110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420020111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY