摘要:

AbstractA research project was conducted to extend social exchange theory to a situation of exchanging unlike behaviors. In the present study, female judges rated the performance of males (accomplices of E) in a creativity task. A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design manipulated the variables of cost to the judge for inaccurate ratings, attractiveness of the male performer and dependency of the performer's outcomes on the judge's ratings. The basic expectations were generated from social exchange theory and significantly supported. Under low cost, and to a lesser extent also under high cost, higher creativity ratings would be given to highly attractive than to less attractive performers. This result pattern was not affected by the dependency manipulation as could tentatively be expected on the basis of the altruism and ingratiation phenomena. These findings are discussed in relation to those of a previous study using male judges and female performers and differences are interpretated in terms of the appropriateness of the behavior according to sex role prescriptions. The discussion suggests the need for research directed toward determining the conditions which predispose people to choose one social exchange rule over anothe

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study is one of a series exploring the role of social categorization in intergroup behaviour. It has been found in our previous studies that in ‚minimal' situations, in which the subjects were categorized into groups on the basis of visual judgments they had made or of their esthetic preferences, they clearly discriminated against members of an outgroup although this gave them no personal advantage. However, in these previous studies division into groups was still made on the basis of certain criteria of ‚real' similarity between subjects who were assigned to the same category. Therefore, the present study established social categories on an explicitly random basis without any reference to any such real similarity.It was found that, as soon as the notion of ‚group' was introduced into the situation, the subjects still discriminated against those assigned to another random category. This discrimination was considerably more marked than the one based on a division of subjects in terms of interindividual similarities in which the notion of ‚group' was never explicitly introduced. In addition, it was found that fairness was also a determinant of the subjects' decisions.The results are discussed from the point of view of their relevance to a social‐cognitive theory of intergroup

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSubject correctness and group agreement were varied for college subjects engaged in a light discrimination task. On another task, employing multiple‐choice questions about Canada, the dependent variable of conformity was assessed to examine generalization of relative competence formed on the light discrimination task. It was seen that (1) relative competence was seen to mediate conformity for a specific task (Canadian Knowledge Inventory), but did not generalize across tasks (i.e. from the light discrimination task to the Canadian Knowledge Inventory); (2) with respect to the Canadian Knowledge Inventory, subjects who perceived themselves as more competent than the group did not conform as much as those who either perceived themselves as less competent than or as competent as the group; (3) the experimental manipulations did not affect conformity, further supporting the findings that perceived competence does not generalize across classes of tasks; (4) females conformed more than males: and (5) nonsuspicious subjects conformed more than suspicious subject

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractForty male inmates from an adult correctional training centre participated in a 2 × 2 factorial design with subject correctness‐incorrectness and group agreement‐disagreement constituting the classification factors. A modified Asch procedure was used to manipulate a S's prior experience of correctness and agreement (Part 1) and to assess subsequent conformity to 3 male confederates (Part 2). The female experimenter served as the source of reinforcement and group correctness. Ss responded to a (two part) 26 verbal and perceptual item scale, including 11 conformity items.Subject correctness and group agreement interacted, for perceptual items only, so that subjects who were more competent than the group or equally incompetent to the group conformed less than those who were less competent than the group, who in turn conformed less than those who were equally competent to the group, where both the subjects and the group were correct. Subjects conformed more to difficult verbal items than to perceptual items, and unsuspicious subjects conformed more than suspicious subjects. Both relative competence, mediating the effects of prior experience, and the situational factor of reinforcement affect conformity to perceptual t

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe accuracy with which Ss could identify the national governments referred to by a set of semantic‐differential profiles was found to be significantly related to whether they were given true, false, or unspecific information concerning the source of the profiles. Contrary to hypothesis, attitude similarity between the Ss who constructed the profiles and those who interpreted them failed to enhance communication accurac

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOur purpose was to gain insight into the processes linking interaction and attitude polarization. We wished to determine whether polarization might occur in an individual situation, during the task of familiarization with the object. Two experiments were undertaken, one relating to an individual situation and the other involving a group situation. No polarization took place in the individual situation. In addition as a result of the coercive normative pressure induced in the course of the group discussion, we were able to observe unwilling agreement by individuals, provoking in turn a noticeable regression during the post‐consensu

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030101

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY