摘要:

THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. XXIK-On the Action of Iodine upon Phosphorus. BY B. C. BRODIE, F.R.S. SECRETARY OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. The law of the formation of certain elemental bodies which I have given in a former paper* suggests the probable cause of their allo- tropic differences. For if it be proved that the formation of the element is a chemical synthesis of the same nature as the formation of a compound substance we are enabled to transfer to the element those ideas of form by which we most reasonably explain isomeric differences and to comprehend that in their case also two or more substances may exist identical in their ultimate chemical constitution yet differing in the arrangement of their particles. Considering how this view might be brought to the test of experi- ment it occurred to me that there was a certain mode of effecting the isomeric transformation of compound substances of which as yet there was no example in the case of the elemental bodies and which appears to me essentially to depend upon the peculiar chemical nature of the change produced.I speak of that continuous chemical action by which sulphuric acid converts aldehyde into a body isomeric with it but of triple its atomic weight and by which the same acid transforms oil of turpentine into the remarkable series of isomeric hydrocarbons investigated by Deville. * Chem. SOC Qu. J. IV 194 VOL. V.-NO. XX. u MR. B. C. BRODIE ON A fact which had been observed in the action of iodiiie upon phosphorris seemed to indicate what I sought.In various expcrimci~ts in which these substances had been brought together a certain red body had been observed resembling the allotropic phosphorus thc origin and true nature of which was unexplained. Thus for example Berzelius* remarks that if less be taken than six parts of iodine to one of phosphorus the phosphorus separated is in the state either of oxide or of the modification produced by sunlight. Recently Mr. Corenwinder,? in his investigation on the iodides of phosphorus observed that when iodine and phosphorus were dissolved in bisulphide of carbon if more than a certain proportion of phosphorus was employed a matter of the same appearance was produced on evaporating the solution.The action of iodine upon phosphorus is as is well known very violent ;therefore the better to investigate the nature of the experiment I dissolved the iodine and phosphorus in bisulphide of carbon evapo- rated the solution to dryness in the method above mentioned and carefully washed out the residue thus obtained with bisulphide. This residue has much the appearance of the allotropic modification; but on examining its nature inore closely I discovered that a large propor- tion of iodine was retained by the phosphorus in a form insoluble in bisulphide of carbon. It was evident that some peculiar iodide of phosphorus was formed. My efforts however to separate any sub- stance in a pure state or indeed to obtain in this manner any coiistant results whatever failed.It occurred to me that were I able to cause the formation of this iodide to take place in the fluid itself it might separate free from the other matter which accompanied it and in a condition in which it could be readily washed and purified. At the usual boiling-point of the bisulphide the substance is not formed but it was probable that at a higher temperature it niight be produced. To make this experiment I placed the solution of iodine and phosphorus in bisulphide in tubes hermetically sealed which I heated in a water-bath to 100' G. After a short time a copious red deposit appeared on the sides of the tube. I used at first what appeared to me a great excess of phosphorus 10 or 12 equivalents to 1 of iodine. The whole of the iodine was retained in the red substance The filtered fluid contained unaltered phosphorus.The substance was dried in a current of hydrogen and the phosphorus determined as pyrophosphate of magnesia. The * Trait6 de Chiniie I 247. -/-Ann. Ch. Phys. [.7] XXX 242. THE ACTIOh’ CfP IODINE UPON PHOSPHORUS. results which I obtained were very constant different tubes gave very nearly the same amount of phosphorus and I was inclined to believe that I had obtained the iodide in question pnre. But closer exami- nation proved that when the circumstances were sufficiently modified very great variation took place in the results and I arrived at length at the fact that the amount of red phosphorus in the precipitate increased directly with the proportion of phosphorus employed in the experiment.Thus for example from a solution containing 12 equi-valents of phosphorus to 1 of iodine a substance was formed containing 68 per cent of phosphorus. When the proportions were as 10 equi-valents of phosphorus to 1 of iodine the substance contained 66 per cent. When as 4 equivalent8 to 1 60 per cent. When as 2g to 1 58 per cent. When as 1to 1 54.5 per cent of phosphorus. These proportions vary from about 1equivalent of iodine to 8of phosphorus to 1 equivalent of iodine to 5 of phosphorus. The experiments are not perfectly comparable with each other for there is another cause of variation namely time which should be strictly taken into account. This however under the circumstances under which the experiments were made has I have ascertained but a very small effect compared with the influence of mass.The inference which I draw from these experiments is not that this substance is a new sort of chemical combination in varying proportions but that some definite iodide of phosphorus is present accompanied by proportions of the allotropic phosphorus which vary according to the circumstances I have men- tioned and from which by the similarity of its properties it cannot be separated. I was very desirous of isolating this iodide but my attempts to effect this have hitherto failed. Cold water does not act on this substance; by boiling water it is slowly decomposed. In caustic potash solution phosphide of hydrogen is evolved and the whole substance ultimately destroyed; but boiled with a solution of carbonate of soda the iodide is decomposed with but little action on the phosphorus.By far the greater part of the iodine can readily be thus removed but slight traces so adhere to the phosphorus that I have never succeeded in absolutely separating it. A preparation thus made gave 94-9 per cent of phosphorus determined as pyrophosphate of magnesia. Heated in a small tube the substance appeared to distil unaltered. Like arsenic it sublimed without melting and presentcd the very peculiar appearance of that metal on sublimation which is not easy to describe separating from the sides of the tube in thin leaves. The sublimate was black and of a semi-metallic lustre. Making the experiment on a larger scale I found however that it was by no u2 MR.I3. C. RRODIE ON means unaltered; for the distilled substance washed with cold water gave a large quantity of hydriodic acid. To examine the final result of this decomposition several grammes of a substance which had been analysed were distilled from one end of a combustion tube to the other the centre of the tube being filled with small pieces of pumice heated red-hot with charcoal. A very high temperature is required for the distillation. The dis- tilled substance when cold was broken from the sides of the tube and at once extracted with bisulphide of carbon. The bisulphide dissolved a large quantity of the ordinary iodide of phosphorus probably I P which on evaporation crystallized from the solution and also a portion of ordinary phosphorus.The substance was now analysed. I did not bring it in contact with water lest oxygen should enter into the substance at the moment of the decomposition of the iodide. Before the distillation the body contained 67.3 per cent of phosphorus; it now contained 89.5 per cent. The experi- ment was repeated with the same substance. After this second dis- tillation it contained 95.5 per cent of phosphorus. It was plain that the effect of the distillation was to decompose the body with formation of ordinary iodide of phosphorus and the allotropic phos- phorus itself. These facts gave the key to the true nature of this change. It became evident to me that it belonged to that class of infinite chemical actions to which I have before alluded.This is further proved by the following experiments. A tube about half an inch wide containing 16.9 grains of ordinary phosphorus was filled with carbonic acid and closed by a cork and then placed in warm water at a temperature of about 40°C. so as just to melt the phosphorus. It was removed from the water and 0.64 grains of iodine being 1equivalent of iodine to 100 equivalents of phosphorus gradually projected into it. The iodine dissolved in the phosphorus colouring it slightly red. The tube closed by a cork was heated gradually in an oil-bath and examined as the temperature rose. At looo the colour became deep red j at 120" to 130°Ja scarlet powder was deposited on the sides of the tube. Before 140°J the mass was quite solid.At about ZOO" a sharp explosion took place with a loud report driving the cork from the tube. The vapour inflamed at the mouth of the tube but no portion of the substaiice was driven off. An intense heat had evidently been evolved. The substance was broken in various places and traces of ordinary phosphorus distilled on the sides of the tube. Nearly the whole of tlic phosphorus used had passed into the allotropic modification. THE ACTION OF IODINE UPON PHOSPEIORUS. 293 To detcrminc the quantity of phosphorus which could thus be converted by a given quantity of iodine I made the following experiments in the manner just described and after the action broke out the substance from the tube washed it carefully with bisulphide of carbon dried it in a current of hydrogen and weighed it.The whole of the iodine was always retained in the insoluble form. The amount of iodine used was deducted from the substance obtained and the difference considered as the phosphorus converted. This method is of course rough but it gives results sufficiently accurate to show the general law of the action. About 20 or 12 grains of phosphorus were usually employed in each experiment. In two experiments strictly comparable heated for the same time at the same temperature in which 1 equivalent of iodine acted on 100 equivalents of phosphorus 1 part by weight of iodine con- verted 19.85 and 19-45 parts of phosphorus or 1 equivalent of iodine converted 78 equivalents of phosphorus. In four other experiments comparable with each other in two of which 1 equiva-lent of iodine and 100 equivalents of phosphorus and in the other two 1 equivalent of iodine and 200 equivalents of phosphorus were employed.The results were as follows in the two former 1 part of iodine converted 21.6 and 24.0 of phosphorizs or I equivalent of iodine converted about 94 equivalents of phosphorus; in the two latter 1part of iodine converted 29.32 and 27*91parts of phosphorus or 1 equivalent converted about 115 equivalents of phosphorus. In two other experiments made with 500 equivalents and 1000 equiva-lents of phosphorus in the latter of which only about 0.008 grms. of iodine acted on 20 grms. of phosphorus one part of iodine converted 64.8 and 99.62 parts of phosphorus being as 1 to 257 and 395 equivalents.The greater part of the change is evidently effected at the moment when the principal evolution of heat takes place. But as in the experiments with bisulphide the quantity converted varies with the time and there is every reason to believe that taking this into consideration the effect produced by the iodine is absolutely unlimited. The change thus produced may be exhibited in various ways. When phosphorus is melted at the bottom of a fiask filled with carbonic acid by a stream constantly passing through it and iodine projected in very small quantities on the phosphorus by means of a long tube inserted in the cork and reaching nearly to the bottom of the flask with both extremities open a violent action takes place attended with the production of intense heat.After the experiment the substance appears as a very hard semi-mctallic black mass giving &lit B. C. URODIE ON a red powder. In this way at least 30 grms. of phosphorus niay be operated upon with safety. The same experiment may be made under certain liquids which do not act upon the iodide. Water cannot be used but the experi- ment succeeds with very concentrated hydrochloric acid. A small quantity of phosphorus was just melted in a test-tube under the acid and a weighed quantity of iodine projected into it. The iodine dis- solved in the phosphorus colouring it deep red ; but after the addition of a certain quantity of iodine the substance appeared to explode and the whole mass mas converted into the hard black substance before described.The quantity of iodine projected into the phos- phorus before the change was about 1 equivalent of iodine to 1 of phosphorus. The experiment is best made by first carefully adding the iodine to the phosphorus and then heating over a lamp until the explosion takes place. The peculiar phenomena which the distillation of the red phos- phorus containing the iodide as prepared from bisulphide of carbon presented induced me to make the following experiments. About 42 grms. of phosphorus were carefully melted at the end of a long combustion-tube and 1.6 grms. of iodine being in the proportion of 1 equivalent of iodine to 100 of phosphorus gradually as before projected into it. The phosphorus was converted by heating first to looo C.at which temperature it solidified and afterwards in a trough of sand heated to about 200'. The change on removal to the sand was most remarkable. The conversion of the phosphorus could distinctly be followed from one end of the tube to the other. There was evidently a great evolution of heat and the phosphorus broke up into a series of solid rings. The tube when cold was removed to a combustion-trough ;the space immediately before the phosphorus heated very hot with charcoal; and the phosphorus distilled to the other end of the tube through the heated part. After the experiment the phosphorus was found condensed on the sides of the tube and nearly filling it as a very hard black mass. Great care is required so to conduct the distillation as not to stop up the tube.The distilled substance contained traces of the ordinary phosphorus but nearly the whole was in the allotropic form. The allotropic phos- phorus passes by distillation into the usual modification and a curious point suggests itself whether in this experiment in the presence of the iodine the allotropic phosphorus distils unaltered or whether it is altered by distillation and reconverted by the iodide of phosphorus which distils with it. I cannot give a satis-factory answer to this question ; but the very peculiar way in which as I have before mentioned like arsenic the phosphorus sublimes inclines me to the former view. The allotropic phosphorus as prepared by iodine presents certain differences with the phosphorus converted by heat which led me at first to doubt whether they were the same substance.It was much more readily acted upon by potash and precipitated certain metallic solutions-for example sulphate of copper-in a way which the other phosphorus did not. It slightly lost weight also on drying in a current of hydrogen at looo which is not the case with the other phosphorus. My opinion now is that these differences arise from the presence in the phosphorus of a small quantity of iodine and possibly also of oxygen (if it has been boiled with water) which adhere pertinaciously to the substance. We know that in many cases the presence of small quantities of foreign matter alters mate- rially chemical reactions.The experiments however which I made with the view of ascertaining this point have some value. I oxidized the phosphorus by boiling with aqua-regia in the presence of a small quantity of nitre and repeatedly evaporated to dryness to ensure the conversion of the whole substance into phosphoric acid which I determined as pyrophosphate of magnesia. In the two following experiments a preparation of phosphorus made by distil- lation of the iodide was further purified by boiling for three days in a retort with water and afterwards drying in vacuo. The substance on the filter washed with boiling water gave no trace of iodine. This substance thus determined gave a quantity of pyro- phosphate corresponding in two experiments to 101.8 and 100.6 of phosphorus in 100 parts of the original substance.Two experi- ments with another preparation gave 100.06 and 99.390 per cent assuming that is the equivalent of phosphorus QS 32 and that of magnesia as 12.2. Three cornparative experiments made with the allotropic phosphorus converted by heat gave 105*36-105*84 and 10551 of pliosphorus in 100 parts of the original substance on the same assumption giving a mean of 105.57 per cent. An experi- nieiit with the ordinary phosphorus with which for obvious reasons the result may not be quite so accurate gave 104.57 per cent of phosphorus in 100 parts. The determination with pyrophosphate of magnesia made with care gives most concordant results; and I have no doubt but that the apparent anomaly of the experiments arises from the assumption of a wrong atomic weight of phosphorus.The recent cxpcriments of SchrGtteP bave given 31 for its equivalent * Anu. Ch. Ptiaiin. LSSS 202. 296 NR. BRODIE ON THE ACTION OF IODINE UPON PHOSPHORTJS. number. The mean of the three experiments vvith the allotropic phosphorus above given requires 30.31 The subject requires further investigation * I compared also the specific gravity of the two preparations. It was taken in bisulphide of carbon of which the specific gravity was taken immediately after the experiments. Two experiments with the phosphorus prepared by iodine gave a specific gravity of 2.22 and 2'24 mean 2.23. Three experiments with the phosphorus prepared by heat gave 2.14 2.13 2.14 specific gravity mean 2.14.The density of this substance determined by Schrijttert at loo is 1.964. My determinations however are likely to be more accurate as Schrotter took the density in water with which the phosphorus cannot be wetted. Assuming this density and the above equivalent number 30.3,the atomic volume of phosphorus =-4,378 becomes 176 being nearly the same as that of arsenic which is 167. In the preceding experiments I have not only shown the result of this action of iodine upon phosphorus but have analysed the process by which this result is produced. I consider that it may be accounted for by the known laws of chemical action. The first step in the series of changes is the combination of iodine and phosphorus in which most probably the substance described by Corenwinder I,P is produced.The next is the conversion of this substance into the allotropic iodide; and the third the decomposition of this iodide with the formation from it of the allotropic phosphorus and a volatile iodide which decomposition takes place more or less rapidly according to the temperature. This volatile iodide reacts in a similar manner upon a further portion of phosphorus and thus the action is infinitelx continued. By modification of the process it may be arrested at any one of these stages. The time at which the phosphorus truly undergoes the molecular change appears to me to be the moment of its second combination with the iodine. I consider it as contained in its altered con-dition in the substance then produced and I regard the allotropic phosphorus as the product of the decomposition of this body.There are facts similar to this decomposition in the case of other elements. The sulphur formed by the decomposition of chloride of sulphur by ammonia is in the insoluble form. The decomposi- * In the cfeteiininations elsewheie given in this paper the atomic weight has been taken as 32. f-Ann. Ch Plqs [3] XXIV 417 UH. PENNY ON THE VALUATION OF INDIGO. tion of the selenide* of potassium and of ammonium by water produces allotropic selenium. From the description given by Sacc,? the same body appears to be formed by the decomposition by water of the liquid chloride of selenium. I know however of no other case in which the action is continued. The iodide of phosphorus which plays so important a part in the change nearly disappears in the final result.In the phosphorus distilled with iodine only traces of it remain. From this we can readily understand how in other cases chemical results may be brought about by means of intervening steps and by the formation of substances of which no trace whatever is ultimately left. This hypo- thesis has already been to some extent applied to give a rational view of certain chemical changes which could not otherwise be accounted for but has never received that development in the philosophy of chemistry to which it appears to me to be entitled.

ISSN:1743-6893    

DOI:10.1039/QJ8530500289

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年代:1853

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UH. PENNY ON THE VALUATION OF INDIGO. XXIV.-On the Valuation of Indip. BY DR. FREDERICK PENNY,F.C.S. PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY IN THE ANDERSONIAN UNIVERSITY GLASGOW. Several methods have been employed for estimating the compara- tive value of commercial indigo. The colorimetric processes with chlorine proposed by Bert hollet and first practically applied by Descroizilles have been most exten- sively tried and have been fully described by Berzelius,$ Che- vreul,$ Schlumberger,If Schubart,fl Persoz,** and others. In these processes chlorine-water or bleaching-powder was used as the source of the chlorine. Bolleytt has proposed chlorate of potash and hydrochloric acid as the source of chlorine and has reported very favourably of * Chem. SOC. Qu. J.V 93. f-Ann. Ch. Phys. [S] XXXII 385. 3 Trait4 de Chimie. g Leqons de Chimie appliquke ?i la Teinture. 11 Bullet. de la SOC. Industr. XV 27i. a Tech. Chirnie. ** Trait4 de 1’Impression des Tissus. -fl.Ann. Ch. Pharm. 1850. 298 DR. PENNY OX the results obtained by operating upon specimens of various quali- ties. Some cheniists consider that the only method of accurately deter- mining the value of this article consists in removing the various impurities by the successive action of diluted acid caiistic alkali alcohol and water and then ascertaining the quantity of indigo-blue that remains the ash being deducted in the usual manner. Others again prefer the process of reducing the indigo-blue by deoxidizing agents and afterwards precipitating and collecting it in the purc state.This method was about the commencement of the present century adopted by Pringle,* who employed the well-known materials sulphate of iron and lime as the reducing and dissolving agents and separated the indigo-blue from the clarified solution with hydrochloric acid The operations involved in this process are ex- ceedingly tedious and in consequence of the peculiar property which reduced indigo has of forming two distinct combinations with lime the one soluble and the other insoluble (a fact not known to Pringle) the results afforded by it are not always satisfactory. D anaf has recommended another method based however on the same principles. It consists in boiling the indigo in caustic soda and cautiously adding protochloride of tin until the indigo-blue is completely reduced and dissolved ;the clear solution is then preci- pitated by bichromate of potash and the precipitate being well washed with dilute hydrochloric acid is dried and weighed.Fritzchef has suggested cane-sugar alcohol and caustic soda for the reduction and solution of the indigo-blue. His process which appears however to be better adapted for the preparation of pure indigo than for testing its value has been repeated and favourably spoken of by Marchand; and Berzelius says that it surpasses all other methods that have been employed for obtaining indigo-blue in a state of purity. Chevreul’s method of dyeing cotton until the indigo-solution is exhausted is obviously very objectionable.Reinsch,Q after trying various modes prefers that of dissolving a grain and a half of the indigo in concentrated sulphuric wid and then estimating its comparative value by the quantity of water required to be added to reduce the colour of the solution to a ccrtairi shade. This process which is simple and convenient is in every respect similar to * Annales des Arts et Manufac VI 214-239. + J. pr. Chem. XXVI 398. $ J. pr. Chern. XSVIII 1:;. Q Jahrb. prak. Pham. THE VALUATION OF INDIGO. 29 0 that long since applied by Ure,* though Persozt ascribes it to Ho ut on -Labillar dikre. The advantages and disadvantages of these processes have been so fully discussed by Bolley in his paper before referred to that it is unnecessary I conceive to make any further comment on their respective merits.The method I have now to propose is based upon the circumstance that indigo-blue in presence of hydrochloric acid is decolorised by bichromate of potash. This salt has long been used for discharging indigo-blue and other colours in the printing of textile fabrics as well as for bleaching oils fats and several other substances. In employ- ing it for estimating the comparative value of commercial indigo the necessary manipulations are extremely simple. Ten grains of the sample in very fine powder are carefully triturated with two drachms by measure of fuming sulphuric acid and the mixture being excluded from the air is allowed to digest with occa-sional stirring for twelve or fourteen hours.A small flat-bottomed flask with a tightly fitting cork is a very convenient vessel for this operation Some pieces of broken glass should however be thrown in to facilitate the contact of the indigo and acid during the agitation and thus to prevent the aggregation of the former into small clots which the acid by itself cannot penetrate. If a small capsule or test-glass be used it should be covered during the digestion with an air- tight gas-jar. It will also be found advantageous to place the mixture in a warm situation say between 70' and 80' F. that the action of the acid may be fully developed ;a higher temperature than this must be avoided as sulphurous acid is liable to be produced and the trial in consequence completely vitiated.Great care must be taken to insure the perfect solution of the indigo-blue in the acid. This result being accomplished the solution is poured slowly with constant stirring into a pint of water contained in a basin and $ of a volume ounce of strong bydrochloric acid inimediately added the flask or capsule being rinsed clean with water. An alkalimeter of 100 equal measures is now made up in the usual way with 74 grains of dry and pure bichromate of potash and the solution added in small successive portions to the diluted sulphate of indigo in the basin until a drop of the mixture on being let fall on a white slab or slip of bibulous paper presents a distinct light brown or ochre shade unmixed with any blue or green. The process is then * J. Roy.Inst. 1830. .F Trait6 des Tissits I 43.1. 300 DR* PENNY ON finished ; the number of measures of bichromate used is read off and this number shows the comparative value of the indigo subjected to the trial. In applying the test-drop to the bibulous paper the best results are obtained by bringing the end of a glass rod into contact with the indigo-solution and then gently pressing it against the surface of the paper. The stain thus produced will be circular and conveniently localised to a small space. By using bibulous paper it will also be found much easier to recognise the last traces of the blue colour than when a slab is employed and the results when dry may be pre- served unchanged for reference or comparison. It is advisable to keep the indigo-solution gently heated while the chrome-liquor is being added ; and it is essentially necessary that the mixture should be well stirred after each addition.Several measures of the chrome-solution may at first be poured in without risk of error but towards the conclusion the liquor must be added very slowly and with great care as one or two drops will then be found to produce a very decided effect. The characteristic changes of colour which the mixture undergoes during the addition of the chrome-solution will distinctly indicate the approach of the process towards conclusion. The blue coloixr of the solution gradually diminishes in intensity becoming perceptibly lighter and lighter and after a time it acquires a greenish shade which soon changes to greenish-brown and almost immediately to light ochre-brown.I have tried this process very carefully upon pure indigo prepared according to Fritz c h e's method. The mean of three experiments which gave results almost identically the same showed that 10 grains of pure indigo require very nearly 74 grains of bicbroinate of potash; and I have accordingly taken this quantity of the salt for solution in the alkalimeter. The following table contains the results of trials upon three series of specimens of commercial indigo and includes likewise the price of each sample and the amount of ash left after careful incineration as well as the moisture expelled at 212'. The first series of samples was obtained from an indigo broker in London; the second froin Messrs.C. Tennant & Co. Glasgow; and the third from Messrs. 3%. and I. Henderson Glasgow. THE VALUATION OF INDIGO. 301 FIRST SERIES. 1 1 Price Ash Water SPECIMENS. measures 1851. consumed. per cent. per cent. s. d. East Indian . . 6 4 68 4.5 5.0 YJ J? ' 60 66 5.8 6.0 5 9 64 8.1 8.0 JY JJ JY JY -56 54 11.0 7.0 JJ YY ' 4 9 51% 7.2 7.5 4 8 54 3.6 7.0 >Y 79 4 4 45 14.0 8.4 JY Y? ' ' Spanish .... 4 3 55 12.3 6.0 .... 3 10 50 13-0 7-0 YJ .... 3 6 444 19.0 5.5 >J .... 2 10 28 33.4 45 ?f SECOND SERIES. Price Alkalimeter Ash Water SPECIMENS. 1851' measures consumed. per cent. per cent. 8. d. Bengal ... 50 64 59 4-0 ¶J .... 4 9 47 24.6 5 *O Benares ....46 45 20-7 8*4 Guatemala .. . 4 3 50 16.0 6.5 Madras .. . 38 41 10.6 6.7 Oude . . .. . 38 46 6.3 8.5 Caraccas .. . 36 524 1692 6.4 Madras ... 2 9 35 33.3 6.0 THIRD SERIES. Price Alkalimeter Ash Water SPECIMENS. f852* measures consumed. per cent. per cent. -~-8. d. Java .... 5 6 63Q 5 -4 4.8 Bengal .... 4 10 594 7.5 5.0 9) .... 40 56 11.0 5.3 ¶J .... 3 4 454 14.0 7.2 .... 1 6 24 44.4 4.4 ?> Manilla . . .. 34 354 28.0 5*O .... 2 0 26+ 50.0 5.4 7> 302 DR PENNY ON THE VALUATION OF INDIGO The results in these tables clearly show the uncertainty and in several instances the positive inaccuracy of the common methods at present employed by commercial men for estimating the true value of this article.The indications of quality afforded by colour frac- ture texture coppery hue when rubbed cleanliness weight and other characters should always in my opinion be confirmed by the application of a simple chemical process such as I have here described. The objection on the score of the time consumed so strongly urged against many of the other methods is certainly not chargeable against this ; for by steeping the indigo in the acid over- night twenty or thirty samples at least could be easily tested in a day and at a trifling expense. I may mention that there was recently sent me for examination a specimen of indigo offered in Glasgow as refined indigo at 10s. per lb. It gave 9 per cent of ash and 2+ per cent of moisture; and 10 grains when dissolved in sulphuric acid consumed 82mea-sures of the bichromate of potash solution.It is in very fine powder with a deep coppery-blue colour. Assuming its quality and purity to be uniform it would unquestionably be more econo- mical even at the high price of 10s. per lb. than much of the indigo at present sold. Its tinctorial powers could be relied on; and from the circumstance of its being finely pulverized it obviously admits of being rigorously tested by the bichromate process. The method here proposed is open I am well aware to some of the many objections that have been advanced against the well-known chlorine process. It is quite obvious for instance that unless par- ticular care is taken in dissolving the indigo in the sulphuric acid not only is a part of it liable to escape solution and proper esti- mation but in the case of inferior indigo sulphurous acid may be produced which would of course involve a larger consumption of the bichromate of potash than the indigo-blue itself would require.It may also be objected that bichromate of potash in the presence of hydrochloric acid will act upon the other constituents of ordinary indigo; but so far as I have been able to judge from a very extensive course of experiments upon a great variety of specimens the amount of these influences is extremely slight and altogether inappreciable when the process is executed with proper care. The same opinion has been expressed by Berzelius and Schlumberger regarding the chlorine process ;and it is further supported by the fact that indigos containiag a large proportion of brown and other colouring matters consume a very small quantity only of the bichromatc.While therefore this process has no pretensions to supply scientific men MR. P. DUFPY ON THE CONSTITUTION OF STEARINE. 303 with the means of determining the actual amount of pure indigo-blue in samples of commercial indigo it is in my opinion admirably adapted for ascertaining their relative values being in many respects superior to those which have hitherto been proposed. The bichromate of potash possesses in an eminent degree all the qualities requisite for a trustworthy agent of valuation being easy of purification unchangeable by keeping and of uniform composition.

ISSN:1743-6893    

DOI:10.1039/QJ8530500297

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年代:1853

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MR. P. DUFPY ON THE CONSTITUTION OF STEARINE. 303 XXV.-On the Constitution of Xtearine. BY. PATRICK DUFFY. STUDENT IN THE BIRKBECK LABORATORY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON. A specimen of stearine from mutton fat having its second melt- ing-point at 62'95 and therefore nearly identical with the substances analyzed by Lecanu* and Heiii t zt respectively burned with chromate of lead gave the following results I. 0.2989 grm. gave 0.8483 , carbonic acid and 0.3277 , water. 11. 0.2706 , gave 0.7677 , carbonic acid and 0.3026 , water. 111. 0.2670 , gave 0.7544 , carbonic acid and 0.2941 , water. N.0*2820 , gave 0.7943 , carbonic acid and 0*3148 , water. Tr. 0.3492 , gave 0*9858 , carbonic acid and 0.3858 , water. These numbers correspond to the following quantities per cent * J.Pharm. [3] XX 325 ; Ann. Ch. Phys. [2] LV,192. t Pogg. Ann. LXXXIV 229. It is perhaps proper to state that it differed from theirs in being the second crop of crystals in the twenty-fifth ethereal solution of mutton fat instead of the first crop in the sixth or seventh solution. 304 MR. P. DUFFY ON I. 11. 111. IV. V. c. 77.40 77.37 77.05 76.81 76.99 H. 12-18 12-42 12.23 12.40 12.27 0. 10.42 10.21 10-72 10.79 10.74 The following are the numbers obtained by Lecanu and Heintz also the melting-point given by them. Liebig and Pelouze do not mention the melting-point of the stearine analyzed by them and Artzbacher's melted at 60'06 so that a comparison of their results with the others is not admissible.Lecanu. Heintz. Mean of mine. Second melting-point 62' 62O 62'95 C. . 76.90 76.74 77.12 H. . 12.44 12.42 12-30 0. . 10.66 10.84 10.58 1.8297 grm. of this substance was saponified in a small flask by a solution of potash in alcohol; the alcohol nearly all distilled off in the water-bath; and water added which formed a clear solution of the soap. This solution was heated in the water-bath till all smell of alcohol disappeared ;the soap was decomposed by dilute sul- phuric acid in slight excess the liberated fatty acid allowed to collect and solidify; and the water containing the sulphate or sul-phoglycerate of potash removed by a delicate pipette it was slightly opalescent from precipitation of a small quantity of silica which the potash had removed from the flask.The fatty acid was afterwards washed till the washings ceased to leave any residue on evaporation and till the acid ceased to lose weight by washing and subsequent drying at 100°. It then weighed 1.7521 grm. In a second similar operation 1.4056 grm. of stearine afforded 1.3426 grm. of acid. In a third operation 1.0399 grm. of stearine afforded 0.9931 grm. of acid. A determination of the glycerine produced in this opera- tion was also made; for that purpose the solution of sulphate of potash mixed with glycerine was evaporated by a steam-heat nearly to dryness; dry carbonate of potash added; the glycerine extracted by absolute alcohol; and the alcoholic solution was filtered and evaporated over sulphuric acid in the air-pump vacuum till it ceased to lose weight.From the weight so obtained was deducted that of the small quantity of sulphate and carbonate of potash left on burning off the glycerine. The glycerine weighed 0.093 grm. The acid of each operation was fusible at 64O.7 into a perfectly limpid liquid. THE CONSTITUTION OF STEARINE. These quantities compared to 100 parts of the stearine arc as follows I. 11. 111. Mean. Acid . . 95.76 95-51 95.50 95.59 Glycerine . . -8.94 8.94 The acid burned with chromate of lead gave the following results I. 053969 grni. of first operation gave 0.8258 , carbonic acid and 0.3320 , water. 11. 0.3164 , of second operation gave 0.8787 , carbonic acid and 0.3572 , water.These numbers correspond to the following percentages I. 11. Mean. C. 75.85 75.74 75.79 H. 12.42 12.54 12.48 0. 11.73 11.72 11.73 The equivalent weight* of the acid was determined from its silver and soda salts A portion of the acid was added to a solution of pure carbonate of soda which was boiled till saponification was complete and then evaporated to dryness; the resulting soap was removed from the excess of carbonate of sodat by treatment with boiling absolute alcohol and filtration ; the alcoholic solution of soap was evaporated to dryness and the remaining soda-salt dissolved in water; and from this solution the silver-salt was prepared by pre-cipitating with nitrate of silver washing the precipitate and drying at looo,keeping it protected as much as possible from daylight.0.5893 grm. silver salt of acid of first preparation left on ignition 0.1638 grm. silver. * The term “equivalent weight,” is here used in preference to that of “atomic weight,” as the latter is not strictly applicable in respect to substances consisting of a mixture. In some instances in this paper where this reason for its use does not apply it has been retained for the sake of uniformity. Another reason was that in speaking of equivalents it was not required to take into consideration the fact of the acid being bibasic which would only have complicated the remarks that follow. j-Carbonate of soda dissolves in small but for questions of atomic weight important quantities in absolute alcohol ; but I have some reason to think that it is quite insoluble in an alcoholic solution of soap nhich is just the opposite of what occurs with aqueous solutions for here the carbonate of soda renders the soap insoluble.I had not an opportunity of fully investigating this point. VOL. V.-NO. XX. x MR. Y. DUFFY ON I. 0,4102 grm. soda salt of acid of second preparation afforded 0.0986 , rulphate of soda. 11. 0.3415 , of same salt afforded 0.0811 , sulphate of soda. A mixture of acids of which 4 equivalents consist of 3 equivalents of stearic acid (C3*H, OJ and 1 of oleic acid (CS6H, 0,),would require the following percentages Calculated Found. C. 75.82 75.79 H. 12.45 12.48 0. 11.73 11.73 and in its salts Calculated. Found. p-A- 1 Silver .. 28-42 I. 27-79 11.- Sodium . . 7.89 7.85 7.76 It is not intended to be implied that the acid analysed actually consisted of stcaric and oleic acids in the proportions indicated; on the contrary it niust have contained if any only a trace of oleic acid; the assumed mixture is taken only for the convenience of calculation inasmuch as its composition and equivalent weight closely represent those found. 100 parts of the fat contained 77.12 of carbon; the 95.62 parts of acid derived from them contained 72.44 parts of this carbon; the difference viz. 468 is all that went to form glycerine. The equivalent weights of the fat and acid are obviously in the proportion of 100:95*62 but the equivalent weight of the acid according to the forcgoing determinations is 273 ; hence the equi- valent weight of the fat must be 285 which agrees with what we might deduce directly from its own analysis.It has hitherto been supposed that any fat such as stearine which on saponification is resolved into a certain acid and glycerine consists of this acid combined with a hypothetical base oxide of lipyl (C H 0); and that the process of saponification is merely a case of substitution 1 equivalent of the alkali or other oxide employed changing places with 1 equivalent of the oxide of lipyl and com- bining with the acid to forin soap while 2 equivalents of oxide of lipyl together with 4 cquivalcnts of water combine to form hy- drated glycerine (C H 0,). THE CONSTITUTION OF STEARINE.If this represented what took place in the present instance the loss of carbon sustained by the fat on being converted into acid should have been to the fat in the proportion of 3 equivalents of carbon to 1 of fat or &=6-31 per cent of the fat. The actual loss was however only 4*65per cent a result which coincides closely with those found by Chevreul* in similar analyses of mutton pork and human fats each in the crude state. These fats on being con- verted into acid lost respectively 4181 4.685 4.493 per cent of carbon. Inasmuch as these fats were analysed by Chevreul in the crude state while that which I operated upon was comparatively pure it might be thought that the conditions being thus different any coincidence in the results can only have been accidental and may have originated in a different source from that supposed but Chevreul has left numerical data suflicient for making the calcu- lations here required independently of the contrary hypothesis.The crude acid which he obtained from these fats when heated with oxide of lead lost in each case the same quantity of water viz. 3.65 per cent; its equivalent weight was therefore 246 ; conse-quently the equivalent weights of the several fats were to 246 in the proportion of 100 to the percentage of acid obtained from them respectively or as 100 96.5 for the mutton fat 100 95.9 for the pork fat and 100:96-18 for the human fat; that is as 254 256 and 255 respectively. Now if 1 equivalent of each of these fats on being converted into acid had lost 3 equivalents of carbon the difference between the quantity of carbon in 100 parts of the fat and that in the percentage of acid obtained from it should have been in the case of the mutton fat -$+T=7*08 per cent in the case of the pork fat +=7*03 per cent and in the case of the human fat $& =7*05 per cent.If we admit that the proportion of the fat which in saponification goes to form glycerine contains not 3 but 2 equivalents of carbon we come much nearer the actual result. The agreement between the calculated and found quantities is then as follows Glycerine found Calculated. Found. represents Purified mutton fat . . 4-21 4.68 3.498 Crude mutton fat . 4.72 4-181 3.130 , pork fat . . . 4.68 4,685 3.451 , human fat .. 4.70 4.495 3.780 * Rech. Chim. sur les Corps Gras Paris 1823 333-348. x2 MR. Y. DUI’FY OK Further upon the lip$ theory the difference between a fat and the hydrated acid producible frorii it is that the latter contains 1 equiva-lent of water (HO) iiistead of 1 equivalent oxide of lipyl (C3H20) in the former; consequently the oxygen in an equivalent of either should be the same; but the analyses do not support this view. The oxygen found in 100 parts fat and their equivalent of acid is as follows Crude (Chevreul) F--A-- 7 Purified mutton. Mutton. Pork. Human. Acid . . . 11-21 10.132 10.253 10.633 Fat . . . 10.58 9.304 9.756- 9.584 Excess in acid 0.63 0.828 0.497 1.049 According to these experiments the acid did not derive all its oxygen from the fat.Is the excess only apparent and belonging really to the errors of experiment ;or is it due to the circumstance of any oleic acid present in the acid undergoing oxidation during the operations of drying weighing &c.; or does it represent a definite quantity of oxygen taken up in the form of water during saponifi- cation ? The latter is most probable ;for firstly the concordance of all Chevreul’s analyses with mine iu showing an excess would probably not have occurred if it had been due to accident. Secondly there must have been extremely little oleine in the fat and a cop-respondingly small quantity of oleic acid in the acid which 1 operated upon; and if it had arisen from the absorption of oxygen by any oleic acid possibly present this absorption being gradual would have been discovered by a gradual increase of a007 to *O1 grm.in the weight of the acid in m~7determinations; but although the acid was kept melted and exposed to the air for hours no increase of its weight occurred. Thirdly C hevre ul’s experiments* show that free oxygen is not taken up in saponification; the only remaining source of this increase is therefore the water used. Other experiments to be mentioned presently show that when alcohol is used instead of water saponification does not occur in the ordinary way. Upon the supposition that in the formation of 4 equivalents of acid there is taken up 1 equivalent of water I should have found the increase of oxygen 0.70 per cent; and in the fats analyzed by Chevreul it should have been 0.78 per cent for each.AS to the relation between the hydrogen in the fat and that in the acid it is scarcely possible to arrive in this manner at any definite * Kech. Chim. sur les Corps Gras 323-329. THE CONSTITUTION OF STEARINE. expression for it; for where a siagle equivalent of it does not as in the present instance amount to more than &th part of the substance ordinary analysis can hardly decide between one equiva- leni more or less. The hydrogen in 100 parts fat and in their equivalent of acid appears from the analyses as follows Crude (Chetreul) r--”--A- -7 Purified mutton. Mutton. Pork. Human. Fat . . . 12.30 11-700 11.146 11.416 Acid . . . 11.93 11-55.3 11.234 11*040 0.37 0.147 -0.088 0.376 With the exception of that of the pork fat these analyses concur to show that the fat on being converted into acid loses hydrogen; the analysis of the pork fat shows an increase of 0*088 per cent in the acid.Upon the supposition that the fat contains 1 equivalent of hydrogen more than the acid T should have found a difference of 0.35; but this theoretical difference is reduced to 0.26 if we admit that the increase of oxygen has been taken up as an equivalent of water in the formation of 4 equivalents of acid. The hydrated acid contains 1 equivalent of basic hydrogen which it did not derive from the fat; hence the conclusion is that the part of the fat which goes to form the acid contains 2 equivalents of hydrogen less than the fat itself.What I consider particularly established by the foregoing facts is that an equivalent of fat in being converted into one of acid loses 2 equivalents of carbon; and that a given quantity of acid contains more oxygen and less hydrogen than the portion of fat from which it is derived. Liebig and Pelouze* represented stearine by the formula 2Bt GlyO 2H0 regarding it as analogous to sulphoglyceric acid; but Heintz has already remarked that the analyses from which this formula was deduced are at variance with those made by Lecanu Artzbiicher and himself and I may add with those which I have made. I have also made the following analyses of mutton stearine which after thirty-two crystallizations from ether melted at 52O 64O.2 and 69O.7 and furnished an acid melting at 66O.5.Burnt with chro- mate of lead * Ann. Ch. Pharm. SIX 261; J. pr. Chem. 173; Anit. Ch. Phys. [2] LXIII 146. 310 ME. P. DUFFY ON I. 0.2760 grm. gave 0.7745 , carbonic acid and 0.3050 , water. 11. 0.3081 , gave 0.8652 , carbonic acid and 0.3360 , water. 111. 0.2689 , gave 0.7218 , carbonic acid and 0.2927 , water. IV. 0.2974 , gave: 0.8310 , carbonic acid and 0.3256 , water. V. 0.2887 , gave 0*8075 , carbonic acid and 0.3106 , water. These numbers correspond to the following per cent I.* 11. 111. IV. V. C 76.53 76.56 76.02 76.20 76.28 H . . 12.27 12.11 12-10 12.16 11.95 0 . . l’l*20 11.33 11988 11-64! 11-77 The following analyses of beef stearine having its several melting- points at 51° 63’ and 67O were made with chromate of lead I.0.4709 grm. gave 1.3264 , carbonic acid and 0.5187 , water. 11. 0*2873 , gave 0.8098 , carbonic acid and 083143 , water. These numbers correspond to the following quantities per cent I. TI. C . . . . . 76-87 76.87 H . . . . . 12.24 12.15 0 . . . . . 10.89 10.98 * Analyses I. and 11. were made of the substance after it had been dried at 1000 ; the others were made of the crystals from ether after they had been dried over sulplturic acid in the air-pump vacuum till they ceased to lose weight. It is probable that the difference between the carbon in the two series of analyses arose from the crystals in the latter case having retained a trace of ether and hence that the numbers in the first two analyses are most nearly correct 'L'HE CONSTITUTION OF S'CEARINE Beef stearine has accordingly the same composition as mutton stearine.In beef stearine having its second melting-point at SOO.6 Artzbacher* found 2 per cent more carbon. The difference in the purity as indicated by the melting-point of the substances which we analysed cannot I think accouut for this discrepancy in our results. He has fallen into an error in supposing that his results agree with those of Chevreul and Lecanu j for in Chevreul's "Recherches Chimiques sur les Corps Gras," I can find no account of any ultimate analysis of either crude or purified beef fat ; and Lecanuj- appears to have analysed stearine from mutton fat only.To 1,019grm. of mutton stearine having its second melting-point at 62'-5 and 3.075 grms. of pure oxide of lead in fine powder abso- lute alcohol was added in quantity sufficient to dissolve the stearine readily when heated. The whole was kept boiling in the water-bath and frequently agitated during four hours the alcohol being replaced as it evaporated. At the end of this time the oxide of lead retained its yellow colour and nearly the whole of the stearine was recovered unaltered except for the admixture of a trace of impalpably fine oxide of lead. No lead-soap appeared to have been formed. The difference between the circumstances of this experiment and those of the ordinary process of forming lead-plaster was that the water of the latter operation was replaced by alcohol yet this was sufficient to prevent saponification.The following experiment was performed before those already detailed accordingly in the belief that the fats were analogous to ordinary salts and that saponification consisted as represented in an exchange of places between the alkali employed and the oxide of lipyl or other base of the fat ;the only question was as to what this base was. The intention mas to procure a body corresponding to ordinary glycerine but in which the water taken up by the base of the fat on its liberation and conversion into glycerine should be substituted by ether. The experiment consisted in acting in the first instance upon stearine by the compounds procured by the action of the alkali-metals on pure alcohol which from their analogy with the hydrates of the alkalies have been called the ethylates of the alkalies by Dr.Williamson. Two grms. of sodium were dissolved in a quantity of absolute alcohol sufficient to dissolve 23,803 grms. of stearine which were added. (The propor- * Ann. Ch. Pharm. LXX 239 ;Compt. Rend. des Trav. de Chim. 1849 343. f-J. Pharm. [3] XX 325 ; Ann. Ch. Phys. [2] LV 192. RIR. P. DUFFY ON tions of sodium and stearine are nearly those of equivalent quantities the sodium being slightly in excess.) The whole was boiled for some time and on being allowed to cool it stiffened into a jelly showing that a soap bad been formed ; the alcohol was then distilled off in the water- bath and the soap dissolved in water.On the surface of the solution an oily stratum. formed which was removed by a pipette washed with water and the washings added to the solution of soap. The soap being decomposed by hydrochloric acid the fatty acid was collected washed dried and weighed; it amounted to 17.481 grms. The oily substance when dried veighed 5.571 grms. A quantity of glycerine which was not weighed was found in the liquid from which the acid had been removed. The oily substance solidified on cooling into a semi-transparent mass melting again at 29'. It dissolved readily in alcohol and ether. By crystallisation from the former its melting-point was raised to 33'-7. It did not crystallise from ether was not sensibly affected by aqueous solution of potash but was readily saponified by an alcoholic solution of potash.On distillation the temperature rose gradually to 224' C. the substance came over partially decomposed and a black mass remained in. the retort. The crystals from alcohol after being dried over sulphuric acid in the air-pump vacuum till they ceased to lose weight gave the following results when burned with oxide of copper I. 0.3200 grm. gave 0*8980 , carbonic acid and 0.3600 , water. 11. 04255 , gave 1.1720 , carbonic acid and 04920 , water. 111. 0.3273 , gave 0.8999 , carbonic acid and 0,3796 , water. These nunibers correspond to the following percentagcs I. 11. 111. C. . . 76.53 75.12 7499 H . . 12.50 12.85 12.88 0. . . 10.97 12.03 12.13 Although the analyses are not satisfactory.there can be no doubt after all these facts that this is the same substance as thc stearic THE CONSTITUTION 03' STEARINE. ether prepared by Redtenbacher.* In short I prepared this sub- stance in the same manner that he did; viz. by passing a current of hydrochloric acid gas into a solution of stearic acid in alcohol and found all its physical characters the same as those of the substance prepared by the action of ethylate of soda upon stearine. Here are the numbers obtained by Redtenbacher in the analysis of stearic ether C. . . . 76.13 H. . . . 12.88 0. . . . . 10.99 In order to determine whether any more volatile products were formed in this reaction 0.8187 grm. of stearine was acted upon by a quantity of ethylate of soda containing 0.0772 grm.of sodium. The stearine was placed in a tube inside a small flask in such manner that no communication occurred between the stearine and the ethylate of soda till the flask was filled with alcohol vapour and all the air expelled from it. The orifice of a conducting tube inserted in the neck of the flask was then introduced under a mercury barometer standing in a mercury trough; by a slight incli- nation of the flask the melted stearine was allowed to flow out of the tube into the ethylate of soda the heating being continued. By this arrangement any gaseous products formed in the decom- position would have been collected above the mercury in the baro- meter and have produced a depression corresponding to their elastic force ;but there were none unless alcohol vapour ;for the depression of the column was only from 30O.15 inches before the operation to 28O.6 after it or 1.55 inch the temperature being 20'; and the same depression exactly was produced by a few drops of alcohol admitted into another similar barometer.Stearic ether was found to have been formed. When stearic acid is substituted for stearine in this reaction no ether is produced. To a quantity of ethylate of soda containing 0.02 grm. of sodium 0.25 grm. of stearic acid was added; stearate of soda was the only product. Amylate of soda was formed by adding 0.445 grm. of sodium to pure amylic alcohol and to this 5.46 grms. of stearine were added; a quantity of oily substance was formed which being freed from soap by washing and from amylic alcohol by being heated in an oil-* Ann.Ch. Phaim. XXXV 31. MR. 1’. DUFFY ON bath for some time at 185O melted at 25O.5 and was in every respect similar to stearate of amyl prepared by passing hydro- chloric acid gas into a solution of stearic acid in amylic alcohol. At temperatures below its melting-point it was semi-transparent soft and glutinous; above its melting-point it passed into a clear transparent fluid; it was readily soluble in alcohol and ether; it solidified as a jelly on cooling its solution in the former by a freezing-mixture but did not crystallise froin either; it was not acted upon by aqueous solution of potash but was readily converted by an alcoholic solution of potash into stearate of potash and arnylic alcohol which then exhaled its well-known odour.When palmitine was suEjstituted for the stearine a corresponding result was obtained. To 0.231 grm. of sodium in amylic alcohol 2.598 grms. of palmitine having its second melting-point 61° were added. After boiling for some time a solution of chloride of calcium in arnylic alcobol was added which gave a precipitate; every trace of the amylic alcohol was afterwards driven off; nothing else escaped at the same time ;the residue was digested successively with anhydrous ether absolute alcohol and water. The ether when filtered and evaporated left 0.693grm. of a substance having a close resemblance to the stearate of amyl but melting at 13’5.Its solution in al-cohol when cooled by a freezing-mixture beeanie opaque and ge- latinous but not sensibly crystalline. It resembled in every respect palmitate of amyl which I prepared in the ordinai*y way with palniitic acid from the same specimen of palmitine. Burned with oxide of copper and chlorate of potash 0.246grm. gave 0,709grm. carbonic acid and 0.286grm. water which correspond to the following numbers per cent Found. Calculated. C, . . 78.60 77.30 H, . . 12.91 12+38 0 . . 8-48 9-82 The excess of carbon found may have arisen from the palmitine used containing oleine or a trace of some other fat. I had not enough substance to repeat the analysis. What was removed by treatment of the lime-soap with alcohol consisted of glycerine a small quantity of palinitate of amyl some palmitate of lime and chlorides.Water removed inorganic salts only. THE CONSTITUTION OF STEARINE. When in these decompositions of stearine and palmitine the pro- portion of sodium was increased beyond that of 1 equivalent the quantity of ether obtained diminished and eventually with a quantity of sodium which was certainly not less than 2 equivalents no ether was obtained. I need hardly state that the effect was similar when ethylate of potash was used. A solution of anhydrous ammonia in absolute alcohol and which from analogy is ethylate of ammonia seemed to produce no change on stearine even when boiled with it for some time. Considering this reaction of importance with reference to saponifi- cation and the constitution of the fats I have repeated it under every variation of circumstances deemed likely to elicit its explanation but the preceding are the principal results obtained ; and although several probable reasons might be assigned for it I know none that can at present be advanced with much confidence.It is interesting to observe that while the ethers formed by stearic and palmitic acids with vinous alcohol melted respectively at 33O.7 and 21°*5,*the corresponding ethers of these acids with amylic alcohol melted at 25'-5 and 13O5; showing an elevation of melting-point with an increase of atomic weight in the acid and a depres-sion of melting-point with an increase of atomic weight in the alcohol. I was unsuccessful in the attempt to obtain those of methylic alcohol by passing hydrochloric acid gas into a solution of the acids in purified wood spirit.Should the character alluded to be found to be an instance of a general law as regards the series of fatty acids we might predicate that cetine and substances of its class are not ethers. ACTION OF PERCHLORIDE OF PHOSPHORUS ON GLYCERINE. The intimate connection between the subject principally discussed in this paper and that of the constitution of glycerine obviously requires that any conclusion admitted of the former must be con- trolled by results established of the latter. The inferences to be drawn from the results obtained with stearine are not easily recon- ciled with what is at present admitted of the constitution of glycerine.For this reason it was intended to investigate the action of perchloride of phosphorus on glycerine. When glycerine is added to perchloride of phosphorus a strong * Fr4my found palmitic ether piepared by means of salphuric acid to melt about 21° (Ann. Ch. Pharm. XXXVI 46). 316 MR. P. DUFFY ON THE CONSTITUTION OF STEARINE. heat is developed the mixture becomes glutinous and in the cold hard. On treatment with water or better with carbonate of soda a substance considerably denser than water *and very like pre-cipitated silica is obtained. In performing the reaction it is advisable to have the glycerine as concentrated as possible to add it in small quantities to the perchloride stirring the mixture after each addition and to cease adding glycerine as soon as a11 the perchloride is decomposed.When the glycerine contains much water or is added at once in large quantity the perchloride is resolved chiefly into phosphoric and hydrochloric acids which have the power of dissolving and at the same time decomposing the new product afterwards formed. The operator must protect himself particularly his eyes from the action of the hydrochloric acid fumes necessarily produced in large quantity. A portion of this new substance was washed till free from every trace of hydrochloric and phosphoric acids theu. fused with pure soda; in the nitric acid solution of the fused mass nitrate of silver gave a copious precipitate of chloride of silver. Nitric acid has very little action on it in the cold but when warmed dissolves it readily.This solution rendered alkaline by ammonia gave no precipitate with sulphate of magnesia. It therefore contains chlorine but no phosphorus. It dissolves readily in cold solution of potash very slowly in boiling solution of ammonia very slowly also in boiling solution of acetic acid; it is not reprecipitated from any of these reagents by neutralisation ; it seems quite insoluble in alcohol and ether. Cold water does not act upon it; but when kept in boiling water it is very slowly dissolved being converted into a substance which on evaporation of its solution remained as a hard perfectly transparent body highly hygrometric absorbing in a damp atmosphere in four days its own weight of water and being con-verted thereby into a glutinous mass.Thc aqueous solution of this latter substance was found acid to test-paper but gave no reaction for hydrochloric or phosphoric acid and did not appear to decom- pose bicarbonate of soda. The hydrochloric acid solution of the original substance being neutralised was examined for glycerine ; it furnished none. Hydrochloric acid converts it probably into the same substance as does vvater. I was prevented from analysing these substances by the circurn- stance of my period of study terminating.

ISSN:1743-6893    

DOI:10.1039/QJ8530500303

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年代:1853

数据来源: RSC

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ON THE COMPOUNDS OF SZVEEAL ESSENTIAL OILS. 317 XXVI.-On the compounds of several essential Oils with the Alkaline Bisukhites. BY CESAEEBERTAQNINI. (Abstract of a communication made to Dr. Hofmann.) An inquiry into the deportment of a great number of essential oils with the alkaline bisulphites has led to the following results The volatile oils having the characters of aldehydes which are more generally known under the term of hydrides such as hydride of benzoyl salicyl cuminyl &c. and also the class of compounds of which the aldehyde par excellence is known as the prototype possess the property of readily forming crystalline compounds with the bisulphites of the alkalies. These compounds are composed of 1 equivalent of the aldehyde 1 equivalent of the alkaline bisulphite and a variable number of water-equivalents Experiments made with a very considerable number of essential oils not belonging to the family of aldehydes have proved that they are not capable of forming similar compounds.The compounds in question are readily produced by agitating the oils in the cold with solutions of the bisulphites or by placing the oils in contact with the alkalies and passing a current of sulphurous acid through the liquids. The white brilliant crystal- line substances generated in this manner are entirely insoluble in solutions of the bisulphites and in cold alcohol; they dissolve with facility in water and are readily decomposed by the action of acids and bases and likewise by an elevation of temperature the original aldehydes being reproduced.The formation of these substances may be employed with great advantage in purifying aldehydes when occurring together with other compounds or in recognizing their presence in mixed liquids. The following is a list of the combinations as yet analysed toge- ther with their formulze. 316 ON THE COMPOUNDS OF SEVERAL ESSENTIAL OILS. Compounds with Hydride of benzoyl . . NaO 2 SO, C, H 0,+2 Aq NH*O 2 so, cl*gbJO +2 Aq Hydride of nitrobenzoyl ~ NaO 2 so, c,,{3$3,+ 2 Aq Hydride of salicyl . . KO 2 SO, C, H O,+ Aq Hydride of anisyl . . . NaO 2 SO, C, 8 O,+ Aq Hydride of cuminyl . . NaO 2 SO, C, H, 0,+3Aq Gnanthaldehyde . . . NaO 2 SO, C, HI 0,+3 Aq NH,O 2 SO, C, H20j 0,+3 Aq. Cspraldehyde . . .

ISSN:1743-6893    

DOI:10.1039/QJ8530500317

出版商:RSC    

年代:1853

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PROCEEDINGS AT THE MEETINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. November 1 1852. DAUBENY, PROFESSOR President in the Chair. John William Perkins Esq. and Joseph TorSk Esq. of Paris were duly elected Fellows of the Society. Robert Murray Esq. was duly elected an Associate of the Society. The following donations were announced ‘I Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge Vols. 111.and IV.” “Report of Commissioners of Patents for 1850 Part 1. Arts and Manufactures ;Part 2. Agriculture.” “Report to the Navy Department of the United States on American Coals.” “Report of the Secretary of War on the Geology and Topography of California.” “Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury on Hydrometrical Tables &c.” “Fifth Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smith- sonian Institution for 1850.” “ On recent improvements in the Chemical Arts by Booth and Morfit.” ‘‘ Directions for collecting preserving and transporting Speci- inens of Natural History.” PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEilfICAL SOCIETY.‘c The American Patent Laws.” ‘c American Zoological Botanical and Geological Bibliography for 1851.” Abstract of the Seventh American Census :” From the Smithsonian Institution. “Report of the Jury of the Great Exhibition on Miscellaneous Manufactures :” from the Reporters. ‘‘Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Vol. XX. Part 3.’ for 1851=52.” “Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh:” from the Royal Society of Edinburgh. ‘<The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society for August 1852:” from the Geological Society.‘c The American Journal of Science and Arts :” from the Editors. cc Phillips’s Elementary Introduction to Mineralogy by Brooke and Miller :” from the Editors. The following Resolution of the Council having been read at three meetings of the Society was submitted to a ballot and afirmed unanimously c( That it be recommended to the Society that the following names be removed from the list of Fellows Dr. R. H. Brett Christopher Binks W. Sands Cox Isaiah Beck Stanislaus Desussex Thomas Griffiths Thomas Hawkesley Andrew P. Halliday Charles J. Hodg-son George TV. Mowbray George Southby Dr. Wilton Turner John Turner.” The following papers were read 1. “On the Valuation of Indigo:” by Dr.Frederick Penny. 2. “Note on the presence of Alumina in Urine ? by Lionel S. Beale M.B. 3. “Note on the reaction of Glycocoll with Potash:” by Pro-fessor Horsford communicated by Dr. Hofmann. Mr. G. H. Makins exhibited and explained his improved Assay Balance. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETP. November 15 1852. ROBERTPoRREw Esq. Treasurer in the Chair. George Hamilton Esq. of Liverpool and Stephen Darby Esq. of Leadenhall Street were duly elected Fellows of the Society. A specimen of leaden bullets in a highly oxidized state taken from a cast-iron shell in which they had been enclosed for fifty years was presented to the Society by Mr. F. A. Abel. The following papers were read 1. “On the Constitution of Stearine:” by Patrick Duffy.2. ‘‘On the Compounds of several essential Oils with the Alkaline Bisulphites :” by C.-Bertagnini communicated by Dr. Hofmann. December 6 1852. ROBERTWARINGTON, Esq. Vice-president in the Chair. Dr. John Smith of Sydney was duly elected a Fellow of the Society. The following donations were announced “On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat by J. P. Joule F.C.S.” “ ‘‘On the Air Engine by the same.” Heat disengaged in Chemical Combinations by the same.” ‘I On the Limit to the Magnetizability of Iron by the same.” “On a powerful Electro-magnet by the same.” “On the economical production of Mechanical Effects from Che- mical Forces by the same:” from the Author. “Report of the Jury of the Great Exhibition on Philosophical Instru- ments and processes depending upon their use :” from the Reporter.“Second Report of the Commissioners of the Exhibition of 1851 :” 2 copies from Dr. Lyon Playfair. VOL. V.-NO. XX. Y PROCEEDINGS OF TIIE (‘EIEBIICAL SOCIETY. “Lecture on Industrial Instruction on the Continent by I)r. Lyon Play fair :” from the Author. Subjects for Vremiutns offered by the Society of Arts :” from the Society of Arts. The following papers were read 1. ‘c On some new Compounds of Tellurethyl :” by Professor Wohler communicated by Dr. Hofmann. 2. “Analytical Notes I. On the Action of Caustic Potassa on the Phosphates; 11. On the behaviour of some Oxides with Caustic Potassa in the presence of Sesquioxide of Chromium :” by A. B. Northcote and A. H. Church. December 20 1852. Dr. Daubeny President in the Chair. Thomas William Keates Esq. was duly elected a Fellow of the Society. A paper was read ‘‘On the law of Electrolysis :” by Professor H. Buff. Xlr. Brodie made a verbal communication on the c( Construction of Chemical Forrnulz.”

ISSN:1743-6893    

DOI:10.1039/QJ8530500319

出版商:RSC    

年代:1853

数据来源: RSC

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TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS PUBLTSHED IN THE YEAR 1852. A. Acetone.-On the comportment of acetone with quick-lime by C. T/iiEckel. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 63. Acid.-Note on a new acid extracted from the mother-liquor of fulminate of mercury by S. CEoez. Compt. rend. xxxiv 364. -On the acid of unripe grapes :by IT. ScAxa,-iz. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiv 82. -On a peculiar acid separated in the parenchyma of the lungs by F. Yerdeil. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 334. Acetic.-On the preparation of pure acetic acid from brandy-vinegar by C. Volckel. Ann. Ch. Phsrm. lxxsii 60 ;Chem. SOC.Qu. J. V 278. .. .. On the manufacture of vinegar by Profs. Oraham Nofmann and Playfair. Pharm. J. Trans. xii 293. *. .. On the preparation of pure acetic acid from wood-vinegar by C.Yb'lckpl. Ann Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 49 ;Chem. SOC.Qu. J. V 274. .. .. Improvement in the quick process for manufacturing vinegar by A. TTimmer. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 578. .. .. On the action of a red heat upon alcohol and acetic acid by N.Berthelot. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxi 108. Antimonic.-On the salts of antimonic acid by L. Hexter. Berl. Monatsbericht 1852 344;Phil. Mag. [4] ivy 399 ;Pogg. Ann. lxxxvi 418. Arsenious.-On the combination of arsenious acid with albumen by Mr. Herpath. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 35. Aspartic.-On aspartic and malic acid by L. Pusfeur. Ann. Ch. Phwm. lxxxii 324 ;Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxiv 30 ;abstr. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 62. . .. Report on Pasteur's experiments on aspartic and rnalic acid byM.Biot. Phil. Mag. [4] iv 275. /. .. On aspartic acid by V.Dessnignes. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 83. €3 en zoic.-On the conversion of salicylous acid into monochlorinated benzoic acid by L. Chioma. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxiii 317;Compt. rend. xxxiv 850 ; Ann. Ch. Phys. C33 xxxvi 102. .. . On the preparation of benzoic acid by means of superheated stmm by E. A. Scharling. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 469. Y2 TITLES OF CHEUJCXL PAPERS Acid Benzoaric.-On benzoaric acid as a supplement to the memoir on urous acid by A. GobeZ. Ann. Ch. l’haijn. lxxuiii .is() Boracic.-On the compounds of horacic acid and water with lime by N.Rose. Pogg. Ann. Ixxxyi 561 ; luxxvii 1. .. .. On the action of water on boracic acid and its salts by H. Rose.Pogg. Ann. Ixxxvi 465. Camphomethylie.-On camphomethylic acid by A Loir. J. Pharm. [3] xxii 285 ; Coiiipt. rend. xxxv 328; Chem. Gaze 1852 469. Capric.-On the occurrence of capric and caprylic acids in some fusel-oils by 7‘. Rowwtty. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 22. Carbonic.-Apparatus for the determination of carbonic acid ; by Max Schc@ker. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 335 ; Phil. Mag. [4] iv 317. .. . . General remarks on the action of water on carbonic acid and the carbonates by I$. Rose. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvi 99 279 ; Ber. d. Akad. d. Wissensch. ZLI Berlin 1552 2C9 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 318. .. .. On the compounds of the oxides of cadmium and silver with carbonic acid by E. Rose. Yogg. Ann. lsxxv 302 ; Chem Gaz. 1852 181. .. .. Compounds of carbonic acid and water with sescjuioxide of cobalt by $1.Bose.Pogg. Ann. lxxxiv 547. .. On the combinations of carbonic acid and water with the oxides of cobalt and nickel by H. Rose. Chem. Gaz 1852 139. -. . . On the compounds of carbonic acid with oxide of copper by N Bose. Chem. Gaz. 1852 28. .. .. On the compounds of carbonic acid and water with oxide of zinc by W.Row. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 107. .. . On the quantity of carbonic acid in the higher regions of the atmosphere by A. Scfilagitilw~it. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvii 293. Chromic.-On the double salt of chromate of potash and cyanide of mer-cury by C. Rnnanaelsberly. Pogg. Ann. lxxxr 145. Citraconic.-On certain products of the action of nitric acid on citraconic acid by S. Baup. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxi 96. Citric.-On the constitution of citric acid :by L.Pebnl. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 7s ;Chem. Gaz. 1652 318 ;ahstr. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxv 469; Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 284. .. On the decomposition of citrate of lime in contact with putre- fying curd by El How. Chrm. SOC.Qu. J. v 1. .. .. On the occurrence of citric acid in Richardsonia scabra by Rochteder and WiUigk. Chem. Gaz. 1852 43 Crenic.-On the existence of organic matter in stalactites and stalagmites forming crystallized an3 amorphous crenate of lime by Y.A JY,EZs. Sill. Am. J-[21 xiii 11; Chem. Gaz. 1852 ’72. Gallic.-On gallic acid fermentation by JI. Robipuet. Chem. Gaz. 1552 297. Hiypuric. -Examination of certain products derived from hippuric acid by N. Socolof and A. Strecker. Ann. Ch.Pharm. lxxx 17; Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 71. .. ,. On a new method of obtaining hippuric acid in considerable quantity without evaporation of the urine and on some of its products of decomposition by E RiEey. Chem. SOC.Qu. J v 97. IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. Acid Hydro bromic.-On gas-batteries and on the preparation of hydro-bromic and hydriodic acids by the galvanic method by G. Osann. Phil. Mag. [4] iii 317. Ma1ic.-Malic acid contained in Hippopha2 rharnnoides :by Prof. Erdmann. J. pr. Chem. lv 191 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 253. .. . . On aspartic and malic acid by L Pastew. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxiv 30 ; Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 324. .. .. Report on Pasteur's observations on aspartic and malic acids by Jf. Biot. Phil. Mag. [43 iv 275. Meconic.-On meconic acid and some of its derivatives FyB.Now. Ed. Phil. Trans. xx pt. 3 901 ; Ann Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 350; Chem. Gaz. 1852 301 ; abstr. Pro?. Roy. Soc. Ed. 1851-2 99. Mel1itic.-On some new salts of meliitic acid by C. Kurmrodt. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxi 164. Metacetonic -On Dr. Keller's supposed formation of metacetonic acid from flour and leather by R. fl? Forster. Chem. SOC.Qu J. v 27. Mo1ybdic.-Process of obtaining molybdic acid from native molybdate of lead by Chr. Elbers. Ann. Ch. Yharm. lxxxiii 215. Nitric.-On the action of nitric acid on various vegetables with a more particular reference to Spartizina scopuriuni by Johii Ste2zhouse. Phil. Trans. 1851 ii 413. .. . . On the formation of nitric acid by R. Bence Jones. Ann. Ch.Pharm. lxxxii 368. Ni trocinnamic.-On the action of sulphide of ammonium on nitrocin- namic acid by L. Chiozm. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 117 ; Compt. rend. xxxiv 598. Witrotartaric.-On two new acids resulting from the action of nitrotar-taric acid by JI.Dessaigizes. Compt. rend. xxxiv 731 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 312. .. . . On nitrotartaric acid and on a new acid derived therefrom by V.Dessaipes. Ann. Ch. Pharm lxxxii 362. Nitrous,-On nitrous acid by 17L1 P"r.itzsche. 6. pr. Chem. liii 86; J. Pharm. [A] xxi 229. .. . On nitrous acid and nitrosulphuric acid by JI.Guinov. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxv 144* CEnanthic.-On Enanthie ether and enanthic acid by W. Delfs. Pogg. Ann. lxxxiv 505 ; Chem. Soc. Qu. J. v 279. Osalic. On the manufacture of oxalic acid Chem.Gaz 1852 112; Pharm. J. Trans. xi 407. I. .. Tmprovements in the chemical preparation of the raw materials used in the manufacture of paper and in obtaining oxalic acid. Pharni. J. Trans. xii 258. Oxy sul p h o carbo n i c.-On certain decomposition-products of bioxysuI- phocarbonate of ethyl and on the spontaneous decomposition of chemical cotnpounds by N.Debus. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 253. Pe1argonic.-On a compound of pelargonic acid with nitric oxide by L. Cliinzsa. Compt. rend. xxxv 797. Periodic.-On periodic acid and the periodates by Jf. La7iylois. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxiv 257 j Ann. Ch. Phnrm. Ixxxiii 153. 326 TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. Acid Phosphoric.-New method of separating phosphoric acid from metallic oxides by A.Reynoso. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxiv 301. .. .. On the determination of phosphoric acid by molybdate of am- monia by FF J. Craw. Sill. Am. J. 121 xiii 393 ;Chem. Gaz. 1852 216. .. .. Phosphoric acid in normal human urine by D. Greed. Sill. Am. J. [2] xiii 224. .. .. On the application of molybdic acid to the determination of phosphoric acid by ill Sonraeraschein. J. pr. Chem. liii 339 ;Chem. Gaz. 1852 388. Phycic.-On phycic acid a new acid obtained from the Protococcus vul-garis by A. Lamy. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxv 129. Picric.-On picric acid considered as a yellow colouring matter by M. Girardin. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 30 ; Pharm. J. Trans. xi 573. Pyromeconic.-On some salts and products of decomposition of pyro- meconic acid by J.F. Brown. Phil. Mag. [4] iv 161 ;Proc. Roy. Soc. Ed. 1851-2 117 ;Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiv 32. Rhodanhydric.-On the occurrence of rhodanhydric acid in a sample of commercial ammonia by dl. JIazade. Coinpt. rend. xxxv 803. Salicylic.-New formation of salicylic acid by H. Gerland. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 133. .. .. On the transformation of salicylic acid into monochlorinated benzoic acid by L. Chiozza. Ann. Ch. Phys. L-33 xxxvi 102 ; Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxiii 317 Compt. rend. xxxiv 850 j Chem. Gaz. 1852 319. Si1icic.-On the solubility and hydrated condition of silicic acid by J. Pachs. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 119. Sulp hu ric.-Products of decomposition obtained by treating feathers hedgehog’s bristles hairs globulin haematin and the wing-cases of cockchafers with dilute sulphuric acid by A.C. Loyer and Koller. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 332. .. .. Observations on the formation of sulphuric acid from sulphur- ous acid and oxygen gas. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 255. .. .. On a new compound of the highest chloride of sulphur with sulphuric acid by El. Rose. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 510. .* . . Researches on the compounds of sulphuric acid with organic substances by Gerhardt and Chanced. Compt. rend. xxxv 696. -1 .. New mode of estimating sulphuric acid by means of graduated solutions by 11.Schtz:ai*l:. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiv 84. 8tearic.-On the detection and determination of stearic acid in bees’-was by M. Overbeck. J. Yharm. [3] xxi 39. Tannic.-On the tannic acids and a new class of nitrogenous derivatives of the tannic acid series by A.and 7T.Krtop. Chem. Pharm. Centr. xxiii 417 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 338. C‘ .. On the constitution of tannic acid by A. Strecker. Ann. Ch Pharm. lxxxi 247 ;Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 102 ;J. Pharm. [3] xxii 292. Tartaric.-On the nature and preparation of soluble cream of tartar by E. Robipuef. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 153 .. .. On the uiodc of testing soluble cicain of tarlav by iW.Lalms. 3. l’liarm. 3 xxi 110. IN HltITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. 327 Acid Tartaric-On the modifications of tartaric acid produced by heat by A. Laurent. Compt. rend. xxxv 742. Ulmic,-On the absorption of soluble ulmates by plants by J. Malaguti. Ann. Ch. Phys. [s] xxxiv 140. Uroxanic.-Correction with regard to uroxanic acid by Prof.Stadder. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Isxx 119. Va1erianic.-On anhydrous valerianic acid by A. Chiozza Compt. rend. xxxv 568. Acids.-On the action of acids heat and the chlorine-compounds of the alkali and earth-metals on oil of turpentine hydrate of turpentine sugar and alcohol by 34'' BertheZot. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 104. -Estimation of the quantities of free acids in the juices of fruit by N.Grceger. Chem. Gaz. 1852 226. -On the direct formation of hydracids by means of porous bodies by B. Corenwinder. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxiv 77. Fatty.-On the fatty acid of the Cocculus indicus by V.Crowdw. Phil. Mag. [4j ivy21 .. .. Preparation of pure fatty acids for the manufacture of candles. Pharm. J. Trans. xii 137 138. Organic.-Researches on the anhydrous organic acids by C.Geriiardt. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 127 226 ; Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 127 ;Ixxxiii 112 ;Compt. rend. xxxiv 755 902. .. .. On anhydrous organic acids by L. Chiozza. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixsxiv 106. Affinity.-On the relation between the density of chemical compounds and their solubility in water together with a theory of elective affinity thence deduced :by P. Kremers (conclusion). Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 246. Agaric s.-Poisonous agarics ; method of removing the poisonous principle. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 155. Air,-Researches on the composition of atmospheric air by K Regnault. Compt. rend. xxxiv 863. -On the extraction of oxygen gas from atmospheric air by M. Boussingault. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxv 5 ; abstr. Compt. rend. xxx 261 and 821 ; Chem.SOC.Qu. J. V. 269. -On the composition of the air enclosed in vegetable mould by Boussing-nult and Aewp. Compt. rend. xxxv 765. Air-pum p.-New construction of the air-pump by which the injurious spaces are completely obviated :by E. Schohl. Pogg. Ann. lxxxiv 544. -On a method of obtaining a perfect vacuum in the receiver of an air-Phil. Mag. [4] iii 161 ; Chem. SOC.Qu. J. V 189. Albumin.-On albumin and casein by N. Lieberkiihn. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvi 117 298. -On the combination of arsenious acid with albumin by Mr. Herapath. J Pharm. [3] xxi 35. -Causes of the passage of albumin into the urine by E Robin. Compt. rend. xxxiii 698. -On paralbumin and metalbumin by J. Scherer. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxii 135. Andrews. 2'.by:pump Alcohol.-On the action of a red heat on alcohol and acetic acid by 31.Ber-thelot. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 108. I__ On the dehydration of alcohol by A. Gorgeu. Compt. rend. xxxiii 690 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxi 259. -On the action exerted by acids by heat and by alkaline and earthy chlor- ides on oil of turpentine and its hydrate on sugar and on alcohol by M. Bertheht. Compt. rend. xxxiv 799 ; Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 107. -On butylic alcohol by A. Wwlz. Compt. rend. xxxv 310 ; Chetn. Gaz. 1852 386. Aldehyde-ammonia.-Formation of oxalic ether and osamide by the distilla- tion of aldehyde-ammonia by C. Xchriidt. Ann. Ch Pharm. lxxxiii 330. Ale.-Report on the alleged adulteration of pale ales by strychnine by Profs. Gmharn and Mofmann.Chem. Soc. Qu. J. v 173 ; Ann. Ch Pharm. lxxxiii 39. Algae.-Examination of the seaweeds of the coasts of Lower Normandy hy J. Pierre. Compt. rend. xxxiv 107. A1 ka1ies.-Indirect method of determining magnesia and the alkalies when they occur together by K. List. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi I 17. -Formation of the ethylic alkalies by means of chloride of ammonium by X Berildot. Compt. rend. xxxiv 8r)z. -On the compounds of cotton with the alkalies by J. N.Gladstoize. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 17. Alkaloids -On a general method of detecting organic alkaloids in cases of poisoning by Prof. Stus. J. Pharm. [3] xxii 281 ; Pharm. J. Trans xi; 193 ; Chem. Gaz. 1552 318. -Contribution to the chemical history of the mercury-compounds of the alkaloids by 8%. IlialPrberyer.Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxsii 311. -On the quantity of alkaloids contained in many cinchona barks by E. Riegel. Pharm. J. 'i'rans. xii 258. -On the combinations of the vegetable alkaloids with tartaric acid ; by X. Arppe. J. pr. Chem. li 331 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 9. -On the mercurial corspounds of the alkaloids by Dr. Hititerberyer. Sit- zungsber der Akad. der. Wissench. zu Wieii. vii Heft. 3 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 422 444. Allotropy.-On the allotropy of selenium by 7Y Hittorf. Pogg. Ann. lxxxiv 214 ; ubsir. Phil. Mag. [4] iii 516 ; Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 90. Alloy,-Analysis of a new alloy for the plates of calico-printers by C. Pischer. J. pr. Chern. lv 192; Chem. Gaz. 1852 279. Alloys.-Memoir on alloys considered with relation to their chemical compo- sition by A.Led. Ann. Ch. Yhys. [3] xxxvi 193. -On the position of alloys and amalgams in the thermo-electric tension- series by 7K Boilrnanri. Pogg. Ann. Ixxxiv 275. __ On an alloy of potassium and sodium by R. ?Fagner. J pr. Chem. lv 489 ; Ann. Ch. Phys. [d] xxxvi 246. -Sote on a new alloy of silver by G. Barr1~el. Compt. rend. xxxv 759. .I1oers,-On Socotrine aloe-juice or liquid Socotrine aloes by J. Pereiru. l'harm. J. 'l'rans. xi 431). IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. A1oine.-On aloine the crystalline cathartic principle of Barbadoes aloes by J. Stenhouse. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 458 ; J. Pharm. L3] xxi 427. Alum.-AppIication of the slag of blast-furnaces to the preparation of alum chloride of calcium &c.Pharm. J.Trans xii 259. Alumina.-Alumina in Lycopodium Charnecyparissus and L. clauatum by A. Aderholdt. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxii 111. -On the preparation of sulphate of alumina by .K2f. Huria and Brunel. Bull. SOC.d’Encourag. 1852 199 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 359. ‘Amazon.’-Chemical report on the cause of the fire in the ‘Amazon :’ by T.Graham. Chem. SOC.QLLJ. v 534 Amides,-On the combinations of certain amides by V. Dessaipes. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 231 ; Compt. rend. xxxiii 712 ; Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxiv 143. Ammonia.-Easy decomposition of ammonia. New source of pure hydrogen for the reduction of metallic oxides by ill. Bouet-BonJit. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxvi 22.5 ; Compt. rend. xxxiv 588. I__ On the oxidation of ammonia in the human body with some remarks on nitrification by €1.Bence Jones.Phil. Trans. 1851 ii 399; Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] XXXV 176. -Presence of ammonia in hail by C. Mh. Yogg. Ann. lxxxiv 234. -Influence of ammonia added to the air on the developmerit of plants by M. Yille. Compt. rend. xxxv 650. -On a new reagent for ammonia arid a method for its quantitative estima- tion by F. L. Sonnenschein. J. pr. Chem. lvi 302; Chem. Gaa. 1852 414. -Action of ammonia on sebacic ether by T. X.Rowney. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] XXXF 478. -On the action of ammonia on bioxysulphocarbonate of amyl by X W. Johnson. Chem. SOC.Qu J. v 142. -Improvements in obtaining amnioniacal salts (Newton’s patent). Pharm. J. Trans. xii 258. -On neutral molybdate of ammonia by 3’.A. PZGckiger.Pogg. Ann. lxxxvi 504. -On the composition and crystalline form of the carbonates of ammonia by IT. Ste-Claire DevillP. Compt. rend. xxxiv 880. -On the compound ammonias and the bodies of the cacodyl-series by T. S. Hunt. Sill. Am. J. [2] xiii 206 ; Phil. Mag. [4] iii 392. -Occurrence of rhodanhydric acid in a sample of commercial ammonia by M. 2llazade. Compt. rend. xxxv 303. Amygda1ine.-Further experiments on the occurrence of amygdaline ; by T. Wicke. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 241. Amy1.-On the action of ammonia on hioxysulphocarbonate of amyl by M. W.Johnson. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 142. -Note on the preparation of carbonate of amyl by J. A. Bruce. Chemt Sac. Qu J. v 131. Amy1amine.-Action of amylamine on the animal economy by A.P’. Orfilu. Compt. rend. xxxiv 97. Amy1um.-On the amylum grains of the potatoe by A. Lllurtin. Phil. Mag. [4] hi 277. FITLES OF CHEMICAL PAYEES Analy sis.-On a new general method of separating bodies which resemble each other very closely in their properties by W.IIeif2tz. Pogg. Ann. lxxxiv 221 ; abstr. Chem. Soc. Qu. J. v 73. -On some new general processes of chemical analysis by I€. Ste-Clsim Deville. Compt. rend. xxxv 242. -Application of metallic reduction in the wet way to qualitative ana-lysis by Prof. Pischer. J. pr. Chem. liv 347 357; Chem. Gaz. 1852 172. -Contributions to analytical chemistry by TYoZcott Gibbs. Sill. Am. J. [2J xiv 204 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 368. Anaesthetic Agents.--Method of composing anaesthetic agents by E.Robit?. Compt. rend. xxxiv 839. Animal Charcoal.-On the animal charcoal obtainedas a residue in refineries ; on its nature mode of action on vegetables its use in agriculture and the economical advantages expected to result therefrom by A. de Romanet. Compt. rend. xssiv 20 388. -On the variations observed in the use of animal charcoal in agriculture by A. Bobierre. Compt. rend. xxxv 790. Animal Chemistry.-Contributions to animal chemistry,-Paper V. On the oxidation of ammonia in the human body with remarks on nitrifica- tion by H. Bence Jones. Phil. Trans. 1851 ii 399. Animal Eco nomy.-On the metamorphoses which organic bodies undergo in the animal economy by iM. Ranke. J. pr. Chem. hi 1 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxii 228. A nim a1 Fluids.-On the triple or ammonio-magnesian phosphates occurring in the urine and other animal fluids by J.W. Grifith. Phil. Mag. [4] iii 373. Animal Substances.-Products of decomposition obtained by treating fea- thers hedgehog’s bristles hairs globulin haematin and the wing-cases of cockchafers with dilute sulphuric acid by A. C. Loyer and Koller. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 332. -On the products of the destructive distillation of animal substances by T. Anderson. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 50. -On the use of chloride of baryta for the preservation of animal substances -On the preservation of animal and vegetable substances by Gail Borden by M.Blandet. Compt. rend. xxxv 221. jun. Chem. Gaz. 1852 179. Anise.-on anisated balsam of sulphur by E.Robiquet. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 200. Antimony.-On some compounds of antimonic acid with bases by L. Heflter. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvi 418. -On the salts of antimonic acid by L. Hefter. Berl. Monatsbericht. 1852. 344 ; Phil. Mag. [4] iv 399. Qu. J. v 66. -Organic bases containing antimony. Chem. SOC. -On stibmethylium and its compounds by €€.S. LandoEt. Chem. Gaz. 1852,381 404. -On the fluorine- salts of antimony by 3’.A. Fluckiger. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvii 245. For the modes of distinguishing antimony from arsenic vide Arsenic. iN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNBLS. Arctostaphy 10s.-On the leaves of Arctostuphylos uva ursi by A. KawaEier. Ann Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 241 ; Pharm. J. Trans. xii 195. Arsenic.-Note on chloride of arsenic by I? Penny and F.Wallace.Phil Mag. J. [4] iv 361. -On arseniate of protoxide of cobalt by .ii. GenteZe. J. pr. Chem. liv 185; Chem. Gaz. 1852 11 I. -On the composition of arseniate of soda by B. Fresenius. J. pr. Chem. lvii 30 ;J. Pharm. [3] xxii 226. -Note on some new arsenites by M. Girard. Compt. rend. xxxiv 913. -Presence of arsenic and antimony in various combustible minerals and rocks and in sea-water by A. Duubr4e. Pogg. Ann. lxxxiv 302. -Improvement in Marsh’s apparatus by M. CJiodzko Ann. Ch. Phys. [3J xxxv 206. -On the detection and qualitative separation of tin arsenic and antimony ; and on the relation existing between these metals and others which are precipitated from their acid solutions by sulphuretted hydrogen by C.L. BEoxam. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 104 ; Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 180. -On the qualitative separation of arsenic tin and antimony by G. F. Ansell. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 210. -On some distinguishing reactions of arsenical and antimonial spots by Prof. Wackenrodw. Arch. Pharm. [2] lxx 14 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 299. -Distinction between antimonial and arsenical spots by Mr. Slater. Arch. Pharm. [2] lxx 40 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxii 316. -New process for separating arsenic from organic substances by Schneider. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 433. -On the hydrated peroxide of iron and magnesia as antidotes in poisoning with arsenic by J. Baidlen. Chem. Gaz. 1852 169. Ash.-Analysis of a saline ash from British Guiana by E. Greaves. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 485. As he s.-On the inorganic constituents of Lycopodium Chamuqparissus and L.clovatum with particular reference to the alumina which they contain by A. Aderholdt. Ann. Ch. Yharm. lxxxii 11 1. -Analysis of the ashes of the Scotch fir (Yinus sylvestris) and the beech with particular reference to the successive growth of different kinds of wood by G. Hey. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 180. -On the inorganic constituents of the vine by Berthier. Ann. Ch. Phys [3] xxxiii 249 ;Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 133. -Analysis of the ashes of the human brain by D. Breed. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxx 124. -Analysis of the ashes of salt beef and ham by C. Thiel. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 370. -Analysis of the ash of unsalted pork by Echevarria. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxi 375.-On the constituents of the ashes of the blood of Limulus cydops (King’s crab) by F. A Geidh. Ann. Ch Pharm. lxxxi 68. A st)e~~uZa.-E?rari~i~~ation of the herb of Asperuh adorata by R. Schwartz. Chem. Gaz. 1852 61. TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Aspirator.-On a new aspirator by ? Andrews. Phil. Mag. [4] iv 330. Atmosphere.-New process for determining the amount of water in the atmo- sphere by T.Andrews. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 36. -Researches on the constitution of the atmosphere by H.Lewy. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxiv 5. -On the production of cyanogen by means of the nitrogen of the atmo- sphere by df. Ricken. J. Yharm. [3] xxi 29. 7On the quantity of carbonic acid in the higher regions of the atmosphere by A. Schlugiiitweit. Pogg. Ann.lxxxvii 69.3. Atomic Volume.-On the atomic volumes of bodies ; determination of these volumes in liquids by ill. Avoyadro. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] sxxvi 96. Atomic Weight.- Researches on the relation between the mean atomic weight of elementary bodies and their specific heat by C. Gartzier. Compt. rend. xxxv 278.-Remarks on the preceding by M. Fertheim. Ibirl. 300. Atomic Weights.-Observations on the atomic weights of elementary sub- stances by 0. L. Erdmunn. Ann. Ch. Pharm. luxxii 66. A toms.-Seventh memoir on the grouping of atoms in molecules and on the most intimate causes of crystalline form by A. Gaudin. Compt. rend. xxxiv 168. At traction.-Note on molecular attraction by Jf. d’Estocquois. Compt. rend. xxxiv 475. B. Barium.-On the atomic weights of platinum and barium by T.Andrews. Chem. Gaz. 1852 373. -On the preparation of pure barium-compounds by H. Fur&. Chem. Gaz. 1552 268. Bark.-On the Corlex Soymidle the bark of Sutieteriia febrijkgu by A. Over-beck. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 420. -Yellow bark by Dr. Schwartt. Pharm. J. Trans. xii 17. Barley.-On the variation in the relative proportion of potash and soda in certain samples of barley grown in plots of ground artificially impreg- nated with one or other of those alkalies by C. Bnubwy. Chem. SOC. QU. J. v 9. -Experiments on the growth of barley in artificial soils by JJ? Henneberg. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxi 355. Barometer.-On a necessary correction in the observed height of the baro- meter depending on the force of the wind by Capt.H. James. Ed. Phil. Trans. xx pt. 3 377 Proc. Roy. SOC. Edinb. 1851-2 124. Baryta.-Action of baryta and strontia on the compounds of titanium before the blowpipe by E. J. Chapmun. Chem. Gaz. 1852 297. -On the use of chloride of baryta for the preservation of animal substances by X. Blaizdet. Compt. rend. xxxv 281. -Reclamation of priority with reference to the preceding by E. Robin. Compt. rend. xxxv 329. -On the compounds of boracic acid and water with baryta by $1.Rose. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvii I. IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. 333 Bat.-On the composition of the excrements of bats by JL Lecanu. J. Pharrn. [3] xxi 276. Batrac h ians.-New observations on the poison contained in the cutaneous pustules of Batrachian reptiles by P.Gratiolet and S. Cloez. Compt. rend. xxxiv 729 ;J. Pharm. [3] xxii 37. Beech.-Analysis of the ashes of the Scotch fir (Pintis sylvestris) and beech with particular reference to the successive growth of different kinds of mood by G. fer. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 180. Beef.-Analysis of the ashes of salt beef and of ham by C. Thiel. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 370. l3enzin.-On the uses of benzin by Jf. ColEas. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 42s. Ben zoy1.-On certain new products derived from the benzoyl-series by the action of nitric acid by C. Bwtognini. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxiii 465. Berberine.-On the occurrence of berberine in the Columbo wood of Ceylon (Menispermum fenestraturn) by ,J. D. Perrim. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 276 ; Phil. Mag.[4] iv 99 ; Pharm. J. Trans. xii 189. Bismethy1,-On bismethyl a new compound radical containing bismuth by D. Bwed. Sill. Am. J. [2] xiii 404 ; Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 106 ; Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxv 479 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 201 ; Chem SOC. Qu. J. v 71. Bismuth.-On a combination of sulphur nickel and bismuth by G. Fedher. J. pr. Chem. lv 227; Chem. Gal;. 1852 253. Bixine.-On bixine a new dye-stuff by M. Girardin. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 174. Blacking.-Composition of blacking Pharm. J. Trans. xii 256. Bleachin g.-On the indirect bleaching power of mercury by C. F.Schonbein. J. pr. Chem. 11% 353 ;Phil. Mag. [4] iv 238. Blood.-Analysis of the venous blood of a horse before and after the section of the pneumogastric nerves by M. CZernent. Compt. rend. xxxiv 917.-Chemical researches on the fatty matters in the venous blood of man by M Gobley. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 241. -Cornparative analyses of the blood of the vena porta and the hepatic veins by N. Lehrmnn. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 396; J. pr. Chem. liii 205. -New chemical researches on the blood by M. Lecanu. J. Pharm. [S] xxii 244. c- Report on the preceding by Jf Tlieizard. Compt. rend. xxxv 207.- Additional note on the same. Ibid. 273. -On the colouring matter of the blood :by F. TGerdeiZ Compt. rend. xxxiii 689. -On the crystallization of one of the substances contained in blood-glo- bules by MX. Fmke and Lehmania. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxvi 244. -On the crystallizability of one of the principal constituents of the blood- corpuscles by Prof.Lehmann. J. pr. Chem. lv 65 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 273 ;J. Pharm. [3] xxii 157. -On the crystallization of blood by M. Fimke. J. pr. Chem. lvi 193 ; J. Pharm. [S] xxii 156. TITLES OF CHEMTCAL PAPERS Blood.-On the form in which the absorbed oxygen exists in the blood by . J. Lipbig. J. Pharm. [S] xxi 387. 7On the increase in the proportion of fibrin in the blood quite indepen- dently of phlegmasia by M. Hatin. Compt. rend. xxxiv 982. -Origin of fibrin ; mode of separating the blood-globules from the serous liquid which holds them in suspension in the living blood ; analysis of the blood-globules by N. Lecanu. Compt. rend. xxxv 11. -On the constituents of the ashes of the blood of Lirnutus ctplops (King’s crab) by 3‘.A. Genlh. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 68. _I What is the chemical substance which determines the absorption of the oxygen contained in the blood and how may the colouring of that liquid be accounted for ? by 2’. Helet. Compt. rend. xxxiv 410. Bog-Butter.-On Irish bog-butter by J. A Brazier. Chem. Gaz. 1852 375. Boiler.-Researches on the incrustation of boilers fed with sea-water by M. Couste. Compt. rend. xxxv 186. Brain.-Analysis of the ashes of the human brain by Dr. Breed. Ann. Ch Pharm. Ixxx 124. Bread.-Examination of bread to determine the percentage of bran by BM. Wetzel and Van Nees. Arch. Pharm. [2] lxviii 284; Chem. Gaz. 1852 111. -Experiments to determine the cause of the difference between new and stale bread by M. Boussinguult.Compt. rend. xxxv 588.-observa- tions on the same by M. Thtlnard. Ibid. 5gl.-By 1V.Payen. Ibid. 591. Bromine.-Observations on the presence of iodine and bromine in aliments and secretions by M. Grange. Compt. rend. xxxiv 332. -Method of separating bromine and iodine and of determining their ratio when mixed by 0. Henry. J. Pharm [3] xxi 255. Bronze.-Researches on the alteration of bronze used for the sheathing of ships by $1-Bobierre. Compt. rend. xxxiv 688. Buty1.-On butylic alcohol by A. Wurtz. Compt. rend. xxxv 310 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 386. C. Cacodyl.-On the compound ammonias and the bodies of the cacodyl-series by T.S. Hunt. Sill. Am. J. [Z] xiii 206 ; Phil. Mag. [4Jiii 392. Cadmium.-On the compounds of the oxides of cadmium and silver with carbonic acid by 11.Rose. Chem. Gaz. 1852 1~1. -On the compounds of carbonic acid and water with oxide of cadmium by E. Rose. Pogg. Ann. 1sxrtv 304. -On the medicinal properties of sulphide of cadmium by A. Grimaud. Compt. rend. xxxiv 528. Caffeine.-On the preparation of caffeine; by I€. 3 Versmann. Arch. Pharm. Ixviii 148 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 67. Calcium.-Application of the slag of blast-furnaces to the preparation of alum chloride of calcium &c. Pharm. J. Trans. xii 259. IS BRITTSH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. Cal1una.-On the substances contained in ling (Calluna ouigaris) by J’. Roeh-Zeder. Sitzungsber. d. Akad. d. Wissensch. zu Wien July 1852; Chem. Gaz. 1852 468. Candles.-Preparation of pure fatty acids for the manufacture of candles.Pharm. J Trans. xii 137 133. -Improvements in chemically treating the wicks of wax candles (Smith’s patent) Pharm. J. Trans. xii 304. Cantharidine.-Volatility and solubility of cantharidine by T.Procter,jun. Pharm. J. Trans. xii 287. Caoutchouc.-On caoutchouc and gutta-percha by M. Payen. Compt. rend. xxxiv 2. -Improvements in the manufacture of gutta-percha and caoutchouc by S. Boutton. Chem. Gaz. 1852 239. -On various processes for working caoutchouc and on the manufacture of sulphide of carbon. by M. Girard. Compt. rend. xxxv 257. -Extract from a memoir on the sulphuration of caoutchouc and on certain properties of sulphur by M. Payen. Compt. rend. xxxiv 453 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxi 366. -Vulcanization of caoutchouc by $1.Pnyen.Pharm. J. Trans. xii 32. Cappa ris.-Chemical examinations of the flower-buds of Capparis spinosa by Rochkder and lilasiwetz. Sitzungsb. d. Akad. d. Wissensch. zu Wen Jan. 1852; Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxii 197; J. pr. Chem. lvi 96; J. Pharm. [3] xxii 159 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 257. Carbon.-On the decolourixing action of carbon and various other bodies by E. Filhol. Compt. rend. xxxiv 247. -On the manufacture of sulphide of carbon by M. Girwd. Compt. rend. xxxv 257. Carbona tes.-On metallic carbonates and their compounds with the carbon- ates of ammonia and of the fixed alkalies by H. Ste-Claire Deyille. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxv 385 ; Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxi 330 ; Compt. rend. xxxiv 330. -On the carbonates and other salts. by A.Laurent. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3) xxxvi 320 y_ Note on the crystalline form of double carbonates by E. Ste-Claire Dcuille. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxv 460. -On the composition and crystalline form of the carbonates of ammonia by €I. Ste-Claire Deville. Compt. rend. xxxiv 880. -On the chemical constitution of the hydrocarbonates of magnesia by T. Sch~erer. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvii 87. -On the manner in which plants assist in the deposition of carbonate of lime by R.Ludwig and G. Theobald. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvii 91 143. -Note on the preparation of carbonate of amyl by J. A. Bruce. Chem. Sac. Qu. J.v 131. Carrot.-On the quantity of sugar in the carrot (Daueits crwrota) and its alcoholic and nutritive equivalents by C. Schmidt. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Issxiii 325.Casein.-On alhumin and casein by N.Liehcrkiihn. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvi 117 298 TITLES OF CHERIlCAL PAPERS Cassia.-Xote on the Cassia fistula by X. Lnnderer. J. Pharm. r3] xxi 301. Cellulose.-Action of chloride of zinc on cellulose by M. BarreswiZ. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 205. Cement.-Cement for mending china. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 372. Cements.-Analysis of two cements from Athens and the Pireus by A. Puuli. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 93. Centrifugal Force.-On the application of centrifugal force in chemical laboratories by L. o. Bubo. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 301. Cerium.-Separation of the oxides of cerium from iron by C. Schmidl. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxiii 325. Cet y1.-Preliminary notice on certain compounds of the cetyl-series by zi Fridau.Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxx 117. .-Contributions to the chemical history of the cetyl-series by F. Friduu. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 1. C harcoa1.-Researches on the decolourizing power of charcoal and of various other bodies by M. FiZhoZ. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 416 ; Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 3313. -On the temperature produced by burning charcoal in the air by H. Ste-Claire Deville. Compt. rend. xxxv 796. Chemical Action.-Researches on the quantities of heat disengaged in che- mical and molecular actions by P. A. Favre and J. 7!Silberrnann. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxiv 385 ; xxxvi 5. Chemical Affinity.-On the relation between the density of chemical com- pounds and their solubility in water together with a theory of chemi-cal affinity thence deduced by P.Kremers. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 37. -Researches on chemical affinity by M. Bunsen (1st part). Compt. rend. xxxv 834. Chemical Combination.-On the heat of chemical combination by Dr. Woods. Phil. Mag. [4] iii 299. -On chemical combination and on the amount of heat produced by the combination of several metals with oxygen by Dr. ?Foods. Phil. Mag [4] iv 370. -On the heat disengaged in chemical combination by J. P. Joule. Phil. Mag. [4] iii 481. Chemical Decorii posi tion.-On the spontaneous decomposition of chemical compounds by H. Debus. Ann Ch Pharm. lxxxii 284. Chemical MemDranda. by R. 7Fariitgton. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 136. I. On a curious form of crystallization of iodide of potassium p. 136. 11. On a method of detecting qualitatively small quantities of oxide of copper in solution p 137.III. Some additional observations on the green teas of commerce p. 139. IV. A modification of the ordinary process of sublimation in a straight tube p. 141. Chemistry.-Early Egyptian chemistry by T.Xerupath. Phil. Mag. J. [4] iii 528.-Also by J. D. Smith. Ibid. iv 142. IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. C hlori des.-Observations on a new series of double chlorides contailling diplatosammonium by G. B. Buckton. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 213. -Note on chloride of arsenic by F.Penny and W. Wulluce. Phil. Mag. [4] iv 361. -On the conversion of alkaline sulphates into chlorides by N:Rose. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 443. -On a new compound of the highest chloride of sulphur with sulphuric acid by H.Rose. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 510. -Action of the chlorides of the alkali- and earth-metals on oil of turpentine hydrate of turpentine sugar and alcohol by M.Berthelot. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxiii 104. Chlorine.-On the use of chloride of baryta for the preservation of animal substances by M. Blandet. Compt. rend. xxxv 221. _I Examination of manganese and chloride of lime with regard to the amounts of peroxide of manganese and active chlorine contained in them by L. fMilbr. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxx 106 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852,75. -On the substitution-products formed by the action of chlorine on chloride of ethyl and on a new pharmaceutical preparation thence resulting by A. Figgem. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 217. -Influence of moist chlorine in the treatment of diabetes by A.Bobierre. Compt. rend. xxxiv 115. -On the use of chlorine as an antidote to strychnine by H. Bandet. Ann. Ch. Phps. [3] xxxv 464. Chloroform.-Note on the production of chloroform by means of chloride of lime and essence of turpentine by J. Chautard. Compt. rend. xxxiii 671. -Action of sulphuretted and seleniuretted hydrogen on chloroform in presence of water by M. Lair. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 4 15 ; Compt. rend. xxxiv 547. -On a remarkable specimen of decomposed chloroform by J. Pereira. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 296. Chloroph yl1.-Note on the identity of a colouring matter existing in several animals with the chlorophyll of plants by M. Schultze. Compt. rend. xxxiv 683. Chlorosulphalic Compound s.-On uric chlorosulphalic and percarbonic compounds by A.Laurent. Compt. rend. xxxv 629. Chlorosulphide s.-On the amrnoniacal chlorosulphides by A. Laurenf. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxvi 320. Chondrin.-On chondrin and some of its products of decomposition by K Hoppe. J. pr. Chem. lvi 129; J. Pharm. [3] sxii 232. Chromium.-A new method for the analysis of chrome ores by 3”. C.Culvert. Chem. SOC Qu. J. v 194. -On oxide of chromium crystallized in the dry way by M.GenteZe. J. pr. Chem. liv 185 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 111. 7On the double-salt of chromate of potash and cyanide of mercury by C. Rammelsberg. Pogg. Ann. Ixxxs 145. Chufa.-On the chemical nature of chufa (Cyperus escdentus) by Ramon Luna. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] XXX’I’ 194. VOL. v.-NO. xx. Z TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Cinchona.-On Cinchona rufira and C savanilla by J.Batka. Pharm. Y. Trans. xi 323. -Examination of the bark of Cinchona regiu by R. Schwurtz. Chem. Gaz. 1852 208. -On the quantity of alkaloids contained in many cinchona barks by E. Rieget. Pharm. J. Trane. xii 248. Clay.-On the causes of the agricultural efficacy of burnt clay by A. Yokfcer. Chem. Gaz. 1852 121. Coal.-Examination and analysis of the Ball coal of the Burdwan mines by H. Piddington. Sill. Am. J. [2] xiii 118. -On the formation of coal by Goppert. Pogg. Ann. Ixxxvi 482. -On the resinous nature of coal Sill. Am. J. [2) xiv 70. __. Description and classification of the coals of the Loire by M. Didup. Ann. Min. [5] ii 115. Cobal t.-Researches on cobalt by E.Fremy. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxv 257 ; Compt. rend xxxiv 198 ;Ann. Ch. Pharm lxxxiii 227 289. -On arseniate of protoxide of cobalt by M. Geratete. J. pr. Chem. liv 185 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852,li 1. -On a class of ammoniacal compounds of cobalt by F. CZuudet. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxiii 483. -On some new compounds of cobalt by M. Royoyski. Compt. rend. xxxiv 187. -Compounds of carbonic acid and water with sesquioxide of cobalt by 13. Rose. Pogg. Ann. Ixxxiv 547 ;Chem. Gaz. 1852 132. -On the separation of nickel and cobalt :by J.D. Smith. Chem. Gaz. 1852 259. -Researches on a new compound of cobalt by E. St. Ewe. Compt. rend. xxxv 552. -On the super-oxygenated ammoniacal salts of cobalt by E.Fremy. Ann. Ch. Phys. [s] xxxiv 90. -On Carrollite a new cobalt-mineral by 7T.L. Faber. Sill. Am. J. [2] xiii 418. -On Remingtonite a new cobalt-mineral by J. C. Booth. Sill. Am. J. [2] xiv 48. -On the detection of nickel and cobalt in the mineral waters of Ne'rac by X. Mazade. Compt. rend. xxxiv 479. CoccuZus indicus.-On the fatty acid of the Cocculus indicus by 7Y. Crow&. Phil. Mag. [&Iiv 21 ; Proc. Roy. SOC.Edinb. 1851-2 107. Cochineal.-Note on a cochineal indigenous in the south of France by E. Chevreut. Compt. rend. xxxiv 701. Cocinone.-On cocinone by 7K Delfs. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvi 587. Cocoa-nut.-Analysis of the liquid in a cocoa-nut by W. voa LGwenich. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 513. Coffee.-On coffee-berries:by Prof.Rochleder. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 194 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 266. Coins.-Chemical examination of certain coins and weapons of the ancients . by J. A. Phillips. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 206. Coke.-On the preparation of coke fot. the manufacture of east iron by CciZcert Compt rend xxxv 133 IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. Collodion.-Note on the-use of collodion in photograpliy by Mr. Bingham. Compt. rend. xxxiv 724. -On elastic collodion by E. Lucas. Pharm. J. Trans. xii 303. Colouring Matter.-On the deportment of organic colouring matter towards sulphurous acid by C. P Schonbein. J. pr. Chem. liii 321 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852,15. -Researches on the green colouring matter of plants and on the red matter of the blood by F. Yerdeil. Compt. rend xxxiii 689.-On bixine a new dye-stuff by H.Girurdin. J Pharm. [3] xxi 174. -On the colouring matters of fustic by R. Wugner. J. pr. Chem. Iv 66 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 138. -On a new yellow dyeing agent for silk and woollen discovered hy M. Guinon of Lyons by €2. Warington. Chem. Gaz. 1852,270. -On a green colouring matter from China by J. Persoz. Compt. rend. xxxv 558. -On picric acid considered as a yellow colouring matter by M. Girardin. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 30; Pharm. J. Trans. xi 373. -On dyeing with sandal-wood by A. Wimmer. Chem. Gaz. 1852 235. -On a green colouring matter from China by J. Persoz. Chem. Gaz. 1852 458. Co1ours.-On the chemical composition of certain fragments of colours cob lected from the Arabian paintings of the i 5th century from the Alham- bra at Granada :by J.Persoz and E. Collomb. Compt. rend. xxxiv 544 Coniche.-New researches on conicine dnd its use in the cure of cancerous diseases by F. Devuy. J. Pharm. [3] xxii 150. Copaiba.-Experiments on different sorts of copaiba by M. Guibourf. J. €'harm. [3) xxii 320. Copper.-Improvements in the manufacture of copper and in tkie separation of some other metals therefrom and in the production of the alloys of certain metals by A. Purkes. Chem. Gaz. 1852 218. -On copper smelting by J. Nupier. Phil. Mag. [4] ivy 45 192 262 345 453. -On the metallurgic treatment of the copper-schists of Mansfeld by N.Lan. Ann. Min. [4] xx 501. -On a method of detecting qualitatively small quantities of oxide of copper in solution by R.Turington. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 137. -Extraction of copper by ammonia by G. Barruel. Compt. rend. YXXV 18 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxii 197. -On the compounds of carbonic acid with oxide of copper by R. Rose. Chem. Gaz. 1852 28. -On several new sulphites of cuprous oxide by L. Pdm de St. GiZZes. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxvi 80. _y_ On the corrosion of the tin cooling-tubes in copper coolers by 3'. A. Wolf. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 374. -Magnesia as an antidote to salts of copper by M. Roncha. Chem Gaz. 1852 133. -New mode of estimating copper by means of graduated solutions by H. Scrll~artz. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiv 84. Cotton.-On the compounds of cotton with the alkalies by J H. Gladstone.Chem. SOCQu. J. v 17. z2 TTTLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Cotton -Simple process for precipitating the cotton contained in collodion by '11 Cuttell. J. Frank Inst [3] xxiii 206. Crab.-On the constituents of the ashes of the blood of Lirnvtus cyctops (King's crab) by i? A. Genth. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxi 68. Creatine.-On the occurrence of creatine in calves' urine :by N. Socobf. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxx 114. Crystallization.-Method of crystallization by the aid of constant circulation by M. Pap. Compt. rend. xxxiv 578; Pharm. J. Trans. xii 45. Crystalline Form.-New researches on the relations which may exist between crystalline form chemical composition and molecular rotatory power by L. Pasteur Compt. rend. XYSV 176. -Seventh memoir on the grouping of atoms in molecules and on the most intimate causes of crystalline form by A.Gaudin. Compt. rend xxxiv 168. -Contributions to the calculus of crystallography by J. H. T. MuZZer Pogg. Ann. lxxxiv 539. L_ Note on the crystalline form of double carbonates by H. Ste-CZaire Deville Ann Ch. Phys. [s] xxxv. 460. On lettering figures of crystals by J. 1). Dana. Sill. Am. J. [2] xiii 399. Cyanides.-Action of water at a high temperature and under strong pressure on the pyrophosphates metaphosphates cyanides &c. by A. Rejnoso. Compt. rend. xxxiv 795; J. Pharm. [3] xxi 29; J. Pharm. [33 xxii 14. # -Note on the commercial analysis of cyanide of potassium by J. Fordos and A. Ge'lis. Compt. rend. xxxv 224 ; Pharm. J. Trans. xii 254--On certain double salts of cyanide of mercury by G.Kohl and A. Swobudu. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxiii 339. -Observations on the double cyanide of potassium and silver and on its function in electro-chemistry by $1.Bouilhet. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxiv 153. -On the double salt of chromate of potash with cyanide of mercury by C. Rammelsberg. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 145. -On the ammoniacal chlorosulphides and cyanides by A. &went. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxvi 320. C yanogen -On the production of cyanogen from the nitrogen of the atmo- sphere by 31.Rieken. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 29. Cynoglossum -On cynoglossum pills by M. Leconet. J. Pharm. [S] sxii 120. Cystic Oxide.-Examination of a cystic calculus and of cystic urine by J. X'tilZer.Arch. Pharm. 121 lxix 328 ; J. Pharm [3] xxii 76. -On cystic oxide calculi by A. and W.Knop. Arch. Pharm. [a] lxix 297 328 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 292. D. Density.-On the relation between the density of chemical compounds and their solubility in water together with a theory of chemical affinity thence deduced by P.Krerners. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 37 246. Diamond.-On a remarkable property of the diamond by D. Rrmoter. Phil. Mag. [4] iii 284. XN BBITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. Diabetes.-Influence of moist chlorine in the treatment of diabetes by A. Bobierre. Compt. rend. xxxiv 11 5. Dibenzoy1irnide.-On dibenzoylimide a new derivative of oil of bitter almonds by J. I$. Robaon. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 122. Diet -An account of some experiments on the diet of yrimners by Prof.Christison. Proc. Roy. SOC. Edinb. 1851-2 130. Di f fusion.-Additional observations on the diffusion of liquids by Thomas &u?um. Phil. Trans. 1851 ii 483. Digitalis-On the seed and capsules of bigitalis puvpiwea by A. Buchner sen. Buchn. Repert. is 38 ;Chern. Gaz. 1852 46; Pharm. J. Trans. xi 419; J. Pharrn. [S] xxi 432. Dip1atosammonium.-Observations on a new series of double chlorides con- taining diplatosamnionium by G B.Bwkton. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. V 213. Disinfectants.-On chemical disinfectants by G. WiZson. Pharm. J. Trans. xii 278. Distillation.-On the products of the destructive distillation of animal sub- stances by T.Anderson. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 50. Donarium.-Chemical researches on a new oxide obtained from a Norwegian mineral ; examination and analysis of Orangite by A.Damour. Compt. rend. xxxiv 685 ; Ann. Min. [5] i 587. -On thorina and donaria. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 555. -On the new metal Donurium. Phil. Mag. 141 iv 156. Dyeing.-Preparation of cotton and other fabrics for dyeing and calico-print- ing (Mercer and Greenwood's patent) Chem. Gaz. 1852 460. E. Earths.-On the acid oxalates of the earths by E.Clapton. Chem. SOC.Qu J. v 223. -Edible earths by i?l.Ehrenberg. Pharm. J. Trans. xii 37. Elastic Tissue.-Contributions to the chemical history of elastic tissue by El. Zollikofer. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxii 162 ; abstr. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxvi 116; J. Pharm. [3] xxii 234. Electricity.-Experimental researches in electricity by M. Furudny.Series 24 25 26 27. Phil. Trans. 1851 i 1 7 29 85. -Experiments on electric currents by Th. du Moncel. Compt. rend. xxxv 518. -On electric currents of the third and higher orders by 2'. Riess. Phil. Mag. [4] iii 173. -On the law of galvanic currents by M. Despretz. Compt. rend. xxxiv 781. -On the development of electricity in chemical combinations and on the theory of circuits formed with one metal and two liquids by C. Mutteucci. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxiv 281 ; Compt. rend. xxxiii 663. -On the so-called constant batteries by nil. Despretz. Compt. rend. xxxiv 737 ; xxxv 449. _I_ On the economical constant battery by C. G. Page. Sill. Am. J. [2] xiii '257. TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Electricity.-On the amalgamated zinc of constant batteries by M.NickZ&. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 266. -New arrangement of the voltaic pile by Pubre de Lagrange. Phil. Mag. [4] iv 77 ; Compt. rend. xxxiv 533. -On gas-batteries and on the preparation of hydrobromic and hydriodic acids by the galvanic method by G. Osann. Phil. Mag. [4] iii. 317. -On two modifications of Bunsen's battery one of which increases the in- terior conductibility and the other the tension by Liais and Fleury. Compt. rend. xxxv 802. -Preliminary note on the measurement of the galvanic current by the decomposition of sulphate of copper by M. H Jucobi. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxiv 480. -Improvements in galvanic batteries and useful applications resulting therefrom. Pharm. J. Trans. xii 142.-On electricity of contact by H. Bqf. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxriii 249. -On the measurement of resistance of conductors to the passage of electric currents and on a differential galvanometer by A. 3'. Svanberg. Pogg. Ann. lxxxiv 411. -Observations on galvanic polarization by E. EdZund. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 209. -On the supposed identity of the agent concerned in the phenomena of ordinary electricity voltaic electricity electro-magnetism magneto- electricity and thermo-electricity by &?'. Donovan. Phil. Mag. [4] iii 117 198 290 335 445; iv 33 210. -Remarks on the researches of Dr. Goodman " On the identity of the existences or forces light heat electricity and magnetism :" by Dr. Tyndall. Phil. Mag [4] iii 127. -On the electroscopic properties of the voltaic current by Dr.KoiiZrausch . Phil. Mag. [4] iii 321. -Electro-chemical researches on the properties of electrified bodies by E. Fremy and €3. BecqttweZ. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxv 62 ;abstr. Compt. rend. xxxiv 399 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxi 325 ; Phil. Mag. [4] iii 543 ; Chem. Soc. Qu. J. v 272. -On the electro-chemical function of oxygen by 3f. F'iard. Ann. Ch. Phys. [s] xxxvi 122). -Observations on the electro-chemical properties of hydrogen by E. Bec-querel. Compt. rend. xxxv 647. -Preparation of magnesium by the electrolytic method by R. Bunsen. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 137. -On the supposed electrical conducting power of Marekanite by F. I€aankel. Pogg. Ann. Ixxxvii 67. -Observations on the double cyanide of potassium and silver and on its function in electro-chemistry by H.Bouilhet. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxiv 153. -Experiments on the distribution and action of free electricity on and in conductors together with indications of radiating electricity by E. Seikibl. Pogg. Ann. Ixxxiv 267. TN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. 3443 Electricity.-On electrodynamic induction by 12. Felici. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxiv 64. -On the unequal heating effect of a galvanic current while entering and emerging from a conductor by R. Adie. Phil. Mag. [4] ivy224. -On some thermo-electric experiments by R. Adie. Phil. Mag. [4] iii 185. -On thermo-electric currents. Phil. Mag. L4] iii 81. -On the temperature of a bismuth and aiitimony joint during the passage of an electric current.Phil. Mag. [4] ivy380. -On the electrical properties of flame by H. Bwf. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxx. 1 ;Phil. Mag. [4] iii 145. -On the position of alloys and amalgams in the thermo-electric tension- series by W.Rollmann. Pogg. Ann. lxxxiv 275. -Note on galvanic plating by E. Thomas and V. DeZisse. Compt. rend. xxxiv 556 580 ;Chem. Gaz. 1852 415 -Facts relating to the history of galvanic plating by H.Bouilhel. J Pharm. [3] xxi 44. -On various electrical phenomena produced by a plate-machine improved by M. Steiner by M. Ducis. Compt. rend. xxxiv 208. -On the reduction of temperatures by electricity by J. TyndalZ. Phil. Mag. [4] ivy419. -On the electro chemical polarity of gases by W.3.@rove. Phil. Mag. [4] iv 498. -On the motion of fluids from the positive to the negative pole of the closed galvanic circuit by Jf. Wiedemann. Phil. Mag. [4] iv 545. Elephant.-Examination of the fat and concretions found in the carcase of a female elephant by E. Rlhol and N. Joly. Compt rend. xxxv 379. Ergot.-On some new constituents of ergot of rye by F.L. Winckler. Chem. Gaz. 1852 38. Ergotine.-Preparation of propylamine from ergotine by F. A. Winckler. Pharm. J. Trans. xii 42. Etha1one.-On ethalone by R. Piria. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 249. Ether Hydrochloric.-Action of chlorine on hydrochloric ether by V.Regnault. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 411. .. ,. On chlorinated hydrochloric ether by H. &?iaZhe. Pharin.J. Trans. xi 4 1 1. Lactic.-On lactic ether by A. Strecker. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 247. Gnanthic.-On cenanthic ether and cenanthic acid by ?Y. Ddtfs. Pogg. Ann. lxxxiv 505. 0xalic.-Formation of oxalic ether and oxamide in the distillation of aldehyde-ammonia by C. Schmidt. Ann. Ch. Pharm. ixxxiii 330. Sebacic.-Action of ammonia on sebacic ether by T. H. Rowney. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxv 478. Succinic.-On the resinof jalap and on perchlorinated succinic ether :by A. Laurent. Compt. rend. XXXV 379. Et1ierification.-On etherification by A. W. Wzlliamson. Ann. Ch. Pharm [3] lxxxi 73. -On etherifieation by chloride of zinc. J Pharm. [3] xxi 357. TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Ethers.-Researches on a new class of ethers by G.Chancel.Ann. Ch. Phya. [3] xxxv 466. Ethyl.-On the formation of the ethyl-bases by chloride of ammonium by M. Bwthdot. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 109. -On bismethyl a new organic radical containing bismuth by D Breed. Sill. Am. J. [23 xiii 404 ; Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 106; Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxv 479 ;Chem. Gaz. 1852 201 ;Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 71. -Researches on stannethyl a new organic radical containing tin by A. Cuhours and A. Rick. Compt. rend. xxxv 91. -Observations on telluride of ethyl by T.Mallet. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 71. -On some new compounds of tellurethyl by 3’.TohZer. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiv 69. -On ethylo-mercuric nitrate by C. Gerhurdt. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxx 111 ; Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 88. -On certain decomposition-products of bioxysulphocarbonate of ethyl and on the fipontaneous decomposition of chemical compounds by E.Bebus.Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 253; Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxvi 331. Ethylamine -On some new double salts of ethylamine and propylamine by M. Reckmschuss. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 343. -Action of ethylamine on the animal economy by A. 2’.Orjilu. Compt. rend. xxxiv 97. Excrements.-On the composition of the excrements of bats by M. Lecunu. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 276. Extract s.-Report presented to the “ Socikte‘ de Pharmacie” on extracts pre- pared in vacuo by MM. Robinet Gobley and Dublanc. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 185. F. Fat.-On the composition of human fat by T.Heintz. Pogg. Ann. lxxxiv 238 ; Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 173; Phil. Mag. [3] iv 75. -On the development of fat in animals by $1.Dunid.Compt. rend. xxxiii 670. -Examination of the fat and concretions found in the carcase of a female elephant ; by E. Filhol and N.Joly. Compt. rend. xxxv 393. -On the treatment of fat in the preparation of candles. Yharm J. Trans. xi 372. -On certain isomeric transformations of fats by P. Dufy. Chem SOC. -On the fat of potatoes by fl. Eichborn. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvii 227 ; Chem. Qu. J. v 197 ; Compt. rend. xxxv 284. Gaz. 1852 461. Febrifuges.-Report addressed to the “Socie‘te‘ de Pharmacie” on the new febrifuges proposed as substitutes for sulphate of quinine. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 81. Fermentation.-Researches on gallic acid fermentation by E. Robiquet. J. Pharm. [3] xxii 129 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 297; Compt.rend. xxxv 199.-Remarks on the above by M Larocque. Ibid. 2.21. Fibrin.-Origin of fibrin ; by JI Lecanu. Compt. rend. XXYV 11. -On the form assumed by fibrin during inflammation by M. BZondot. Compt. rend. xxxv 99. IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. 345 Filtration.-Description of an accelerating filter by M. DtibZunc. 3. Pharm. [3] xxi 114. Fir.-Examination of the ashes of the Scotch fir (Yinus syhestris) and the beech with particular reference to the successive growth of different kinds of wood by G. Heyer. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 180. Fire.-Chemical report on the cause of the fire in the ' Amazon by T.Grahum. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 34. -Mixtures for coloured fires by Prof. Marrhand. J. pr. Chem. lv 250 ; Chem. Gaz.1852 176. Flame.-On the electrical properties of flame by H. Bu~.Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxx 1 ; Phil. Mag. [4] iii 145. Flax.-On the preparation of flax by C. Schmidt. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 321. Flour.-On the processes proposed for detecting certain falsifications in flour by M. Biot of Namur. J. Pharm. [S] xxii 184. -On the detection of wheat-flour in rye-flour. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 145. Fluorine.-New process for the detection of fluorine when accompanied by silica by G. ?ViZ.son. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 152. -On two new processes for the detection of flcorine when accompanied by silica; and on the presence of fluorine in granite trap and other igneous rocks and in the ashes of recent and fossil plants by G. @%son. Proc. Roy. SOC. Edinb. 1851-2 143.-On the presence of fluorine in plants with some new observations on the sources from which vegetables derive this element by G. Wilson. Proc. Botan. SOC.Edinb. July 8 1852 ; Chem. Gaz 1852 309. -On the fluorine-salts of antimony by I? A. FZwkiger. Pogg. Ann. Lxxxvii 245. Food.-On the composition of food in relation to respiration and the feeding of animals by J. B. Lawes and J. H. Gilbert. Chem. Gaz. 1852 398. Fuel.-On a new fuel called Charbola d~ Paris ;by P. Ducarre. J. Frank. Inst. [3] xxiii 2b4. Fusel-oil.-On the occurrence of capric and caprylic acids in some fusel-oils by T. El. Rowney. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 22. Fustic.-On the colouring matters of fustic by R Wugner. J. pr. Chem. lv 66 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 138. G. Galium-Preliminary notice on the constituents of the herb of Gulium zierum and Gulium aparine by 3.Schwartz.Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxsxiii 57 ; Pharm J. Trans. xii 191. Gas.-Contributions to the knowledge of the gas-manufacture by E. Frank-Zund. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 1 ; ubstr. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 39. -Improvements in the manufacture of gas. J. Frank. Inst. [3] xxiii 120. 205. -On the manufacture of gas from wood by Dr. Pettenkofer. Centralblatt. Mar. 20 1852 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 179. -Gas-lamp for laboratory use by A. T.€lofmann. Ann. Ch. Pharrn. lxxxi 226. -On a gas-pipette ; by A. Pauli. Ann Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 95. TITLES OF CIIEXIICAL PAPERS Gases.-On the heating and cooling of gases by sudden change of volume by C. Assmaizn. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 1. -On the magnetic relations of gases by Plucker.Pogg. Ann. lxxxiv 161. -On the electro-chemical polarity of gases by F. €2. Grove. Phil. Mag. [4] iv 498. Gentian.-On the extract of gentian by Dr. iiohr. Arch. Pharm. lxviii 145; Chem. Gaz. 1852 108. Glass.-On auriferous glass by D.C. SpEitherger. Pogg. Ann. Ixxxv 504. -On the crystals contained in glass by Leydolt. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvi 494. -Note on crystals contained in glass. Compt. rend. xxxiv 565. G1ucosamides.-On tannins and glucosamides by A. Laurent. Compt. rend. xxxv 161. Glue.-On the preparation of liquid-glue. Cliem. Gaz. 1852 457. Gold.-Improvements in obtaining gold by ?KLongmaid. Chem. Gaz. 1852 360. -Improvements in separating gold and silver from other metals (Parkes’ patent).Pharm. J. Trans. xii 304. Grain.-Practical instruction on the steeping of grain by H. Yayen. 5. Pharm. [3] xxi 369. Grapes.-On the acid of unripe grapes by V.Schwc~tz. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxiv 82. Gravities Original.-Report upon ‘‘Original gravities :” by Profs. Graham Hofmann and Redwood. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 22 ; Pharm. J. Trans. xii 160 235. Guaiacum.-On guaiacum resin by L.37.Jones. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 523. Guimava.-Report on a new mode of preparing the syrup of guimava proposed by M. Duvivier by M. Mqet. J. Pharm. [3] xxii 127. Gun-cotton.-Researches on gun-cotton (pyroxyline) by A. Bechamp. Compt. rend. xxxv 473. -On the spontaneous decomposition of gun-cotton and allied substances by J. N. Gladstone. Pharm. J Trans.xi 401. Gutta Percha.-Improvements in the manufacture of gutta percha and caoutchouc by S. Mbulton. Chem. Gaz 1852 239. -Extract from a memoir on gutta percha its properties ultimate analysis &c. by M. Payen. J. Pharm. [3] xxii 172; Compt. rend. xxxv 109 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 353. H. Haemato1ogy.-Origin of fibrin. Method of separating the blood-globules from the serous liquid which holds them in suspension in the living blood. Analysis of the blood-globules by M. Lecanu. Compt. rend. xxxv 11. Haemostatics.-On the haemostatic water of M.Pagliari and on some other haemostatics by M. SediZZot. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 10. Hair.-Note on the microscopic appearances of human hair and of the hairs of animals by M. iMorin. J. Pharm. [3] xxii 257. Ham.-Analysis of the ashes of salt-beef and ham by C.ThieZ. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 370. Heat.-Action of heat on oil of turpentine hydrate of turpentine sugar and alcohol by M. Berthelot. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 104. IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. H eat.-Researches on the quantities of heat disengaged in chemical and mole- cular actions by P. A. Favre and J. T.Szlberrnnnn. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3) xxxiv 385 ;xxxvi 5. -On the heat disengaged in chemical combination by J. P. Joule. Phil. Mag. [4] iii 481. -On the heat of chemical combination by Dr. Woods. Phil. Mag. [4] iii 299. -On the amount of heat produced by the combination of several metals with oxygen :by Dr. B'oods. Phil Mag [4] iv 370. -On the diffusion of heat by MM.Provostaye and Desuins. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxiv 192. -Second note on the theory of the dynamical effects of heat by M. Reech. Compt. rend. xxxiv 21. -On the mechanical equivalent of heat by A. F. ZKupfer. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvi 310 ;Phil. Mag. [4] iv 393. -On the expansion of certain solid bodies by heat :by H. Kopp. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 1 156; Phil. Mag. [4] iii 268. -On thermometry and subjects therewith connected by Pliicker and Geiss- kr. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvi 238. -On a new method of measuring high temperatures by J. Wilson. Phil. Mag. [4] iv 157. -Researches on the latent heat of solution by C. C. Person. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxiii 448. -Researches on the relation between the mean atomic weight of bodies and their specific heat by C.Garniw. Compt. rend. xxxv 278.-h-marks on the preceding by M Vertheina. Ibid. 300. -Researches on the specific heat of saline solutions :by C. C. Person. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxiii 437. -On the temperature of a bismuth and antimony joint during the passage of an electric current by R.Adie. Phil Mag. [4] iv 380. -On the conductibility of metals for heat :by H. J. Gouilland. Compt. rend. xxxv 699. -On the heat produced by the combustion of charcoal in the air by H. Ste-Claire Deville. Compt. rend. xxxv 796. -Note on the heat of chemical combination by T.Andrews. Phil. Mag. [47 iv 497. -On the reduction of temperatures by electricity by J. qndall. Phil. Mag. [4] iv 419.Helix.-Analysis of the shell of HeZix pomutia by C. A. Joy. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixuxii 365. Hellebore.-Crystallized body from Eellebows niger :by Mr. Bastick. Pharm. J. Trans. xii 274. Hemlock.-Researches on the principle of the hemlock and its use in treating cancerous disorders by MM. Day and Guillermond. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 350. Herrings.-On the occurrence of trimethylamine in herring-brine by A. K Xofmann. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 116 ; Compt. rend. July 12 1852 ; Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 288; Chem. Gaz. 1552,296. Hippophae.-Malic acid contained in H~p~~lb~~r?~~~no~des :by Prof Erdmann. J pr. Chem. Iv 121 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 253. TITLES OF CIIEI\IlCAL PAPERS Hircine.-On hircine a new resin by H. Pidrlinytota. Chem. Gaz. 1852 213.Horse.-On the organs in which lead accumulates in the horse in cases of slow poisoning by that metal by G. WiZsoa. Proc. Roy. SOC.Edinb. 1851-2 119. Humus.-On the composition of the air contained in vegetable mould by Boussinyault and Lewy. Compt. rend. xxxv 765. Hyd rogen.-Easy decomposition of ammonia. New source of pure hydrogen for the reduction of metallic oxides by .If.Bouet-BonJil. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxvi 225 ; Compt. rend. xxxiv 588. -Observations on the electro-chemical properties of hydrogen by E Bec-quercl. Compt. rend. xxxv 647. -On M. Gillard’s light for illumination obtained from hydrogen by B. Silkirnan,jun. Phil. Mag. [4] iii 152. Hypoch1orites.-Action of hypochlorite of lime on oil of turpentine and other essential oils by M.Chautard. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 88. I. Incrustation.-Note on incrustations in steam-boilers by 22. Delundre. Compt. rend. xxxiv 484. -Researches on the incrustation of steam-boilers fed with sea-water by M. Couste. Compt. rend. xxxv 186. -Improvements in preventing the incrustation of steam-boilers (Newton’s patent). Pharm. J. Trans. xii 305. Indigo.-Process for imparting greater liveliness to indigo-blue in stuffs by L. Guillonet. Chem. Gaz. 1852 414. -On a new method of testing indigo by R. Lindenlaub. J. pr. Chem. lii 103 ; J. Pharm. [a] xxi 231 ; Cham. Gaz. 1852 149. -On the valuation of indigo by 3‘. Penny. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 297. Ink.-On the manufacture of writing-inks. Pharm. J. Trans. xii 65 133. 1nosite.-On inosite by J.Scherer. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 375 ; J. pr. Chem. liv 705 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 167. Iodides.-& a curious form of crystallization of iodide of potassium by R. Faringion. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 136. -On the iodide of starch its decolouration by heat and by vegetable char- coal and on the action of iodine on charcoal and wood-shavings by M Lahens. J. Pharm. [3] xsi 13. -On soluble iodide of starch and syrup of iodide of starch :by M. Soubeiran. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 329. -On soluble iodide of sta’rch and the mode of preparing it by AT. Seput. J. Pharm. [3] xxi ‘202. -On the composition of iodide of nitrogen by R. Bunsen. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiv 1. Iodine.-On the estimation of iodine by 2’. Penny. Chem. Gaz. 1852 309. -On the presence of iodine in various plants with some remarks on its general distribution by S.Macadam. Proc. Bot. SOC.Edinb July 8 1852; Chem. Gaz. 1852 281. -On the qualitative and quantitative analysis of iodine and its separation from bromine and chlorine by means of benzin and nitrate of silver by E. Jfwide. Compt. rend. xxsv 789. rN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. 349 Iodine.-Comparative research of iodine and certain other matters in the waters which supply Paris London and Turin by A. Chatin. Compt. rend. xxsiv 14 j xxxv 46 127. -Presence of iodine in the air waters soil and alimentary products of the Alps of Prance and of Piedmont by A. Chatin. Compt. rend. xxxiv 5 I. -Report on memoirs relating to the detection of iodine by M.Chatin and on different notes and memoirs on the same subject presented to the Acade‘mie,” by MM. Marchand Niepc6 and Meyrac by M. Bussy Compt. rend. xxxv 505.-Observations on this report by M. The‘nurd. Ibid. 516. -Report on various processes for the detection of iodine by MM. Chatin and GauZtier de Cluztbry. J. Pharm. [3] xxii 194. -Method of separating bromine and iodine and of determining their ratio when mixed by 0. h’enry. J. Pharm [A] xxi 255. -Observations on the presence of iodine arid bromine in aliments and secretions by M. Grange. Compt. rend. xxxiv 332. -On the polarizing crystals produced by the action of iodine on sulphate of quinine by Dr. Hcrqmfh. Phil. Mag. [4] iii 161 ; ivy 186 ; Chem. SOCQu. J. v 177. -On the action of iodine upon phosphorus by B.C. Brodie. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 289. 1odoform.-Report on the process of MM. Cornelis and GiIIe for the yrepa- ration of iodoform by $1.PouEenc. J. Pharm. [31 xxii 196 361. 1pecacuanha.-Observations on ipecacuanha by M. Leroy. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 356. Iridium.-On a new salt of iridium by C. Karmrodt and E. Uhrluub. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxi 120. Iron.-Researches on the action exerted by salts of iron in the act of germina- tion and vegetation. followed by a simple process for recognizing the small quantities of iron existing in the ashes of certain plants by J. L. Lassaigne. Compt. rend. xuxiv. 587 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxii 21. -On a quick approximative method of estimating minute quantities of iron by means of a colorimeter by T! J.Herapath. Chem. SOC.Qu. J v 27. -Quantitative separation of sesquioxide of iron from the protoxide by T.Sciseever. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvi 91. _I Separation of the oxides of cerium from iron by C. Schmidt. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 325 -On the commercial manufacture of sulphate of iron. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 568. -Researches on the influence of sulphur on the quality of cast-iron by H. Junoyer. Ann. Min. [4] xx 359; Chem. Gas. 1S52 227. -Researches on the tempering of iron (part 2) by M. JuZZien. Compt. rend. xxxiv 913. -Researches on iron. (Part 3.) Cementation of cast-iron by metallic oxides by 3f. Jutlien. Compt. rend. xxxv 20. -Analysis of meteoric iron by W.S. Clark. Ann Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 367. I_ Analysis of a specimen of meteoric iron.Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 252. 350 TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Iron.-Analysis of the meteoric iron of Rasgata by F. Wohler. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 243. -Passive state of meteoric iron by F. Wohler. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 248 ;Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 448. -On the occurrence of metallic iron in fossil-wood by W. G. Lctfsom. Phil. Mag. [4] iv 333 ; J. Pr. Chem. liv 194; J Pharm. [3] xxi 233. -Existence of iron in urine by G. Hurley. Pharm. J. Trans. xii 243. -On a new varietyof magnetic iron ore :by T Andrews. Chem. Gaz. 1852 379, -On the ferroso-ferric oxides and their compounds by J. Lefort. Compt. rend. xxxiv 488. -Analysis of pig-iron and bog-iron ore (Rascnerz) by H. L. Buf. Ann. Ch.Pharm. Ixxxiii 376. -On octohedral Oligist iron by T. S. Hunt. Sill. Am. J. [2] xiii 370. -On the formation of iron pyrites in alluvial deposits of the present epoch by MaEaguti and Durocher. Compt. rend. xxxiv 695. -Analysis of magnetic iron pyrites containing nickel from Gap mine Lan- caster County Pennsylvania; by M. H. Boy. Sill. Am. J. [Zj xiii 219. -Observations on nitride of iron by H L. Bug Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 375. -On the pyrophosphate of soda and iron by A. fie. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 297.-Also by L.Blyth. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 456. __. On the coniposition of a series of hydrated silicates of ferric oxide and potash by T. Scheerer. Pogg. Ann. Isxxvii 93. -On sulphocyanide of ammonium as a test for iron-salts. J. Pharm. [3l xxi 295 ; Pharm.J. Trans. xi 296. -Note on the use of sulphate of iron for the disinfection of manure and on the solubility of the phosphates of iron by J. I. Pierre. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxvi 70 ; xxxiv 546. I singlass.-Process for obtaining liquid isinglass by 8,Dumoulin. Compt. rend. xxxv 444. 1somerism.-On certain isomeric transformations of fats by Putrick Dufy. Compt. rend. xxxv 284 ;Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 197. Isomorphism.-Contributions to the more exact knowledge of polymeric isomorphism.-Ix. On the composition of a series of hydrated sulphates of ferric oxide and potash by 2". Scheerer. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvii 72 ; further lxxxiv 321. -On the chemical composition of the hydrocarbonates of magnesia con- sidered on the basis of polymeric isomorphism :by T.Scheerer. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 287. -On the polymeric isomorphism of organic bodies by 22. Tagner. J. pr. Chem. liii 449 ;Chem. Qaz. 1852 1. -Researches on the optical double refracting properties of isomorphous bodies by H. de Senarmonf. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxiii 391. Ivory.-Protean stone or artificial ivory. Pharm. J. Trans. xii 139. 1N BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. J. Jalap.-On the resin of jalap and on perchlorinated succinic ether by A. Laurent. Compt. rend. xxxv 379. -On the resin of jalap by W. Muyer. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 121. L. Lac tucine.-On lactwine lactucarium and the Cichomcea of the genus Lac-tuca by E. Mouchon. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 454. Lamp.-Gas-lamp for laboratory use by A. F.Hofmann. Ann. Ch.Pharm. lxxxi 226. Lamps.-Improvement in chemical lamps :by ?T.Butkn. Pogg. Ann Ixxxv 558. Laurostearone.-On myristone and laurostearone by A. Overbeck. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvi 591. Lead.-On the separation of metallic lead from the sulphate by C. Yolckek. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxii 64. -On the nitrite of lead by A. Gomds. Compt. rend. xxxiv 187. -Note on white-lead compared with zinc-white by M. Vwsepuy. Compt. rend. xxxv 103. -Facts relating to the theory of the preparation of white-lead by M. Barnes-wil. J. Pharm. C.73 xxii 291. -On the occurrence of Uiopside and molybdate of lead as crystalline fur- nace-products by J. F L. Hnusrnann. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 219. -On I-lorn-lead and Matlockite a new lead-ore from Derbyshire by C.Nammetsberg. Pogg. Ann. Ixxxv 141. -Linarite (Bleilasur) from Nassau by 3’. Sundberger. Pogg. Ann. Ixxxv 302. -On the organs in which lead accumulates in the horse in cases of slow poisoning by that metal by G. Wilson. Proc. Roy. SOC. Edinb. 1851-2 119. -New mode of estimating lead by means of graduated solutions by El. Xchwnr€z. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiv 84. Lemonade.-On the preparation of lemonade with citrate of magnesia by E. Robiquet. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 293. Light.-On the decomposition of the so-called nitroprusside of sodium by the solar rays by A. Overbeck. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvii 110. -On the influence of the solar radiations on the vital powers of plants by J. H. Gladstone. Chem. Gaz. 1852 377. -Results of some experiments on the chemical action of light by J.W. Slater. Chem. Gaz. 1852 325. -Researches on the optical double refracting powers of isomorphous bodies by H de Senarmont. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxiv 391. Lime.-On the compounds of carbonic acid and water with lime by H. Rose. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvi 561. -On the existence of organic matter in stalactites and stalagmites forming crystallized and amorphous crenate of lime :by D. A. TelZs. Sill. Am. J. [Z] xiii 11 ;Phil. Mag. [4] iv 155 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 72. --On some modein calcarcou lock-ionnations by J. D. Dana. Sill .4m. J. f2J XIV 410. TITLES OF CHENICAL PAPERS Lime.-On the manner in which plants assist in the deposition of carbonate of lime by R. Ludwig and 0. Theobald. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvii 91 143. -On phosphate of lime considered with relation to the nutrition of animals and the mortality of children by Jf.175ou9ib.Compt. rend. xxxv 141. -Action of hypochlorite of lime on oil of turpentine and other essential oils by M. Chnutard. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 88. -On the amount of water contained in the tribasic phosphate of lime by H Ludwig. Chem. Gaz. 1852 367. -Artificial formation of crystallized tungstate of lime by N. S. Jfanross. Ann Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 243 Limu2us.-On the existence of copper in the blood of the Limulus by I?. A. Genth. Chem. Gaz. 1852 109 Liquids.-Additional observations on the diffusion of liquids by 7’. Graham. Phil. Trans. 185 1 ii 483. -New developments relating to the chemical effects produced by the con- tact of solids and liquids by M.Becquerel. Compt. rend. xxxiv 573. Litbia.-On Petalite and Spodumene by C. Rammelsherg. Pogg. Ann lxxxv 54 %. Lithography.-Lithographic ink by M. Weishaupt. Chem. Gaz. 1852 416. Litmus.-On litmus by J. Miiller. Pharm. J. Trans. xii 255. Lungs.-On a peculiar acid developed in the parenchyma of the lungs by F. YetdeiE. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 334. Lustre,-Process for giving objects a pearly lustre by 0.R~insch. Chem. Gaz. 1552 235. Lycopodium.-On the inorganic constituents of Lycopodium Chamcecyparissus and L. clavatum with particular reference to the alumina which they contain by A. AderAoZdt. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 111. Madder.-Researches on madder by F.Rochkder. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxv 373 ; J. pr. Chem. hi 85 ; J.Pharm. [3] xxii 69. -Examination of the leaves of Rubio tinctorurn by F. Rochleder. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 205; Chem. Gaz. 1852 21. -Examination of the leaves of Rubia tinctorum ; by E. Willzgk. Ann. Ch Pharm. lxxxii 339 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 278. -Improvements in extracting the colouring principles of madder. (Julian’s patent. Chem. Gaz. 1852 160. -Preparation of madder and munjeet (C. Kurtz’s patent). Chem. Gaz. 1852 459 ; Yharm. J. Trans. xii 304. -On the compounds of madder by A. Amrent. Ann. Ch. Phys. [S] xxxvi 320. Magnesia -Indirect method of determining magnesia and the alkalies when they occur together by K. List. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 117. -0n”Lthe chemical composition of the hydrocarbonates of magnesia con-sidered on the basis of polytneric isomorphism by Tit.Scheerer. Pogg Ann. IYYXV 287 IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOTTRNALS. Magnesia.-Magnesia as an antidote to salts of copper by JL Boncha. 1852 133. Magnesium.-Preparation of magnesium by the electrolytic method by R.Bunsen. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 137; Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxvi 107. Manganese.-On the distribution of manganese by D. A. We&. Sill. Am. J. [2] xiii I, -Examination of manganese and chloride of lime with regard to the amounts of peroxide of manganese and active chlorine which they contain by L. MiilZer. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxx 98; Chem. Gaa. 1852 75. 7 On the chemical constitution of the hydrocarbonates of manganese by T.Scheerer. Pogg. Ann. Ixxxvii 87. -Detection of manganese in limestone rocks by E.J. Chapman. Phil. Mag. [4] iii. 144. Mannite.-Reproduction of mannite and quercite from nitromannnite and nitroquercite by T.Dessaiynes. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 251. -Transformation of mannite into sugar by M. L’Herrnite. Compt. rend. xxxiv 114. Manom eter.-Description of a metallic manometer and other instruments for measuring pressures and temperatures by E. Bouvdon. J. Frank. Inst. [3] xxiii 102. Manure.-Results of experiments on the use of ammonio-magnesian phosphate as a manure by J. I. Pierre. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxvi 47 ;Compt. rend. xxxiv 189. -On the use of sulphate of iron for the disinfection of manure and on the solubility of the phosphates of iron by J. I. Pierre. Compt. rend. xxxiv. 546 ; Ann. Ch.Phys. [3] xxxv 70. -Note on the danger of transforming the carbonate of ammonia contained in manure into fixed salts by iW. Jacquenart. Compt. rend. xxxv 725. Match e s.-Improved chemical compositions for making gun-matches. Pharm. J. Trans. xii 143. Menispermum.-On the occurrence of berberine in the Columbo wood of Ceylon (Menispermum [Coscinium] fenesstraturn) by J. D. Perrins. Ann. Ch. Pharm lxxxiii 276 ;Phil. Mag. [4] iv 99 ;Pharrn. J. Trans. xii 189. Mercury.-On a new compound of mercury by Sobrero and SeZmi. Ann. Ch. Pharm lxxx 108 ; Chem. SOC.Qu. J. 86. 7 On the new mercury-compound of Sobrero and Selmi by Werther and Briickner. J. pr. Chem. lv 253; Chem. Gaz. 1852 251.-Also by W.Kizop. Pharm. Centrbl. xxiii 431 ; Chem. Gaz.1852 313. -On ethylo-mercuric nitrate :by C. Gerhardt. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxsx 111 ; Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 88. -New test for mercury by A. Morgan. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 299 ; Pharm. J. Trans. xi 372 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 158. -On certain double-salts of cyanide of mercury by G.Kohl! and A. Swo- boda. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 339. -On the double-salt of chromate of potash with cyanide of mercury by C. Eammelsberg. Pogg. Ann. Ixxxv 145. VOL. V.-NO. XX. AA TITLES OF CHEhfICAI YrlPERS Mercury.-On several new sulphites of mercuric oxide by L. P4an de Saint-Gilles. Ann. Ch. Phys [3] xxxvi 80 ;Compt rend. xxxiv 945. -Composition of antitnoniate of mercury from the silver mines near Co-quimbo by JL Domeyko. Compt. rend. xxxv 50. -Note on a new acid extracted from the mother-liquor of fulminate of mercury by S.Cloez. Compt. rend. xxxiv 364. -On the indirect bleaching powers of mercury and stibethyl by C. F. Sclro~bein. J. pr. Chem. Ivi 353 ;Phil. Mag. [4] iv 238. -Contribution to the chemical history of the mercury-compounds of the alkaloids by Fr. Hinterherger. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxii 311 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 422 444. -On the analysis of unguents containing oxygenated compounds of mer-cury by Jf. Muyet. J. Pharm. [3] xxii 119. Metalbumin.-On paralbumin and metalbumin by J. Scherer. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 135. Metals.-On the elasticity of metals by A. W.Nupiwsky. Pogg. Ann. Er- ganzungs-band iii 357. -On the reduction of metals by phosphorus and sulphur by W. Wicke. Ann.Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 145 ;Chem. Gaz. 1852 348. -On the permeability of metals to mercury by Prof. Horford. Sill. Am. J. [2] xiii 305. -Improvements in the manufacture of copper and in the separation of some other metals therefrom and in the production of the alloys of certain metals by A. Parkes. Chem. Gaz. 1852 218. -Improvements in obtaining metals and metallic products from the residues of certain processes (Richardson’s patent). Pharm. J. Trans. xii 305. -011 the conductibility of metals for heat :by E. J. Gouilland. Compt. rend. xxxv 699. Metaphosphates.-Action of water at a high temperature and under strong pressure on the metaphosghates :by A. Reynoso. Compt. rend. xxxiv 795. Meteorite.-Analysis of meteoric iron by W. S. Clark.Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 367. -Analysis of the meteoric iron of Rasgata by F. Vohler. Ann Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 243. -Passive state of meteoric iron by F. WohZer. Pogg. Ann. lxxxii 448. -The meteorite of Ikna by Eichwald. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 574. Me thy1.-On the preparation of pure methylic alcohol. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 375. -On Stibmethylium and its compounds by I$. S. LandoEt. Ann. Ch lxxxiv 44. Chem. Gaz. 1852 381 484. Milk.-Description of a monatre pyyorn8e of the bovine race followed by a chemical analysis of the milk yielded by each of the component indi- viduals by N Joly and E. Filhol. Compt. rend. xxxiv 640; Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxvi 355. Mineral Analyses.-(Apatite Augite Arsenical Nickel Dolerite Garnet Silicate of copper Schorlamite) by C.Rnmmelsberg Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 297. IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. 355 Mineral Anal yses.-Quartziferous Red Porphyry Melapyres Blue Por- phyry Trachyte by IM.Diduy. Ann. Min. [5] ii 181. Mineralogical No tices,-On Crednerite Helvine false cleavage in Garnet ; also on Phenacite and Beryl Spher.e and Epidote Chlorite Spar and Chloritoid Wichtyne minerals of the Epidote type Chrome Tour- malines detection of Manganese in limestone rocks Barytine by E. J. CJiapnian. Phil. Mag. [4] iii 144. -On Galena Fahlerz Feather-ore (Heteromorphite) Boulangerite Jameson- ite Meneghinite Copper-glance (Chalkosine) Chalcopyrite Eru- bescite Zigueline White Antimoqy Marmatite Oxide of Zinc Braunite Chrome-iron Silicated Chrome (Wolchonskoite ?) Capor-cianite Picranalcime Picrothomsonite Portite Sloanite Schneiderite Savite Humboldtite (Datolite) by Prof.Menegliini. Sill. Am. J. [2] xiv GO. -On Chlorite Red Sapphire Argentiferous Galena Chalcotrichite Sulphide of Nickel and Lievrite by N. P. BZuke. Sill. Am. J [2] xiii 117. Min era1 s.-Examination of some American minerals-Columbite Samarskite Rutherfordite by T.S. Hunt Sill. Am. J. [a] xiv 340. -Chemical examination of certain minerals by C. Bergemann. Pogg. Ann. lxxxiv 485. -Analysis of some Scottish minerals by A. J. Scott. Proc. Roy. SOC. Edinb. 1851-2 122. -Description of two new minerals (Thulite and a Kettle River mineral resembling Suponite) and a new earth (Thaliu) by D. Owen. Sill. Am. J. [23 xiii 420 ; Chem.Gaz. 1852 341. -Chemico-mineralogical contributions by E. E. Schmid. Pogg. Ann. lxxxiv 495. -On the artificial formation of several mineral compounds by N.Bec-querelr. Compt. rend. xxxiv 29. -Experiments on the artificial production of crystallized minerals by N. S. Manross. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 348. Apatite.-On the chemical composition of the Apatite of Snarum by G. Rose. Pogg. Ann. Ixxxiv 303.-Also by R. Weber. Ibid. 306. Asbe stus.-Examination of the so-called Iron-asbestus by C. SchnabeZ. Pogg. Ixxxv 462. Basal t.-On the composition and microscopic structure of certain basaltic and metamorphic rocks by T.Andrews. Chem. Gaz. 1852 416. Bergmannite.-On Giesseckite and Bergmannite (Spreustein),two meta- morphic pseudomorphoses of Nepheline by R.BZum.Pogg. Ann. lxxxvii 3 15. Carrol1ite.-On Carrollite a new cobalt mineral by W. L. Fuber. Sill. -4m. J. [2] xiii 418. Catapleii te.-Chemical examination of Catapleiite a new mineral from Lam0 in Norway by K. A. eogren. Pogg. Ann. Erganzungs-band % 465. Chi1drenite.-On Childrenite by C. Rammekberg. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 435 Phil. Mag. [4]ivy 118. AA2 TITLES OF CHEXICAL PAPERS Minerals Chlorite.-On crystals of Chlorite from the Achmatow Mine in the Ural and their relation to the Chlorite frcjm Schwarzenstein in the Tyrol to the Ripidolite of St. Gothard and other localities to Laphorite Pennin and Kammererite (Rhadochrome) by N. v. Kok-scharow. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 519. Clinoch1ore.-On the Clinochlore of Chester County Pennsylvania by W.J.Craw. Sill. Am. J. [a] xiii 222. Dimagnetite -On Dimagnetite a new mineral from Monroe Orange County by C. U. Shephard. Sill. Am. J. [2] xiii 392. Diopside.-On the occurrence of Diopside and Molybdate of lead as crys- talline furnace-products by J. $'re L Hausmann. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 2 19. Epidote.-Remarks on the composition of Eyidote by C. Ranzmelsberg. Pogg. Ann. lxxxiv 453. Eumanite.-On the angles of Eumanite :by J. E. Teschemacher. Sill. Am. J. [2] xiii 117. Franco1ite.-On Francolite a supposed new mineral by 2'. El. Henry. Pogg. Ann. lxxxiv 311. Gies ec ki t e.- Vide Bergmannite. G1auberite.-Note on the forms of the Gfauberite of Iquique (Peru) by H. de Senarmont. Ann. Ch. Phys. 13) xxsvi 155. Granite -On the alterations of Granite Rocks by M.Delesse. Compt. ren$ xxxv 195. Horn-lead.-On Horn-lead and Matlockite a new lead-ore from Derbyshire by C. Rammelsberg. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 141. Humi te.-On the crystallographical and chemical relations of Humite (Chondrodite) and Olivine by C. Rammelsberg. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvi 404. .. .. On the Humite of Monte Somma by A. Sncchi. Pogg. Ann. Erganxung iii 161.-Abstract with observations by J. D. Dana. Sill. Am. J. [2] xiv 175. Jenkinsitc-On Jenkinsite a new mineral from Monroe Orange County by C. U.Xhephard. Sill. Am. J. [2] xiii 392. Li thomarge.-Analysis of Lithomarge from the Saxon Topaz rock. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxx 128. Marekanite.-On the supposed electrical conducting power of Mare-kanite by W.Hankel.Pogg. Ann. lxxxvii 67. Mat1ockite.-On Horn-lead and Matlockite a new lead-ore from Derby- shire by C. Rammelsberg. Pogg. Ann. !xxxv 141. M ica.-Observations on the optical properties and crystalline forms of certain Micas by B. de SPnurmonf. Ann. Ch. Phys [3] xxxiv I71 ; Compt. rend. xxxiii 684. .. .. On a new made formation of Mica by Dr. Ettling. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 337. 0ligist.-On octohedral Oligist Iron by 7 S. Hunt. Sill. Am. J. [2] xiii 370. Olivine.-On the crystallographical and chemical relations of Humite (Chondrodite) and Olivine by C. Rarnmelsbery. Pogg. Ann. lxxsvi 404. 1N BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. Minerals 0rangite.-Chemical researches on a new oxide obtained froxi a Norwegian miiieral examination and analysis of Orangite by A.Damour. Compt. rend. xxxiv 685. Petalite -On Petalite and Spodumene by C. RammeZsSerg. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 544. Phenakite.-On a new locality of Phenakite :by Prof. Jliller. Phil. Mag. [a] iii 378. Pigoli t e.-Analysis of a substance resembling the Pigolite of Prof. John- ston by Prof. AZ'john. Chem. Gaz. 1852 375. P1acodine.-On Placodine by J. Plattner. Pogg. Ann. lxxxii 461. .. .. On Nickel-speiss and Placodine by G. Rose. Pogg. Am. lxxxiv 585. Pumice.-Notice regarding the origin of Pumice in the island of Tyree by the Dake of Argyll. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 1851-2 120. Pyri tes.-Analysis of Magnetic Iron-pyrites containing nickel from Gap. mine Lancaster County Pennsylvania by M. H. Bye. Sill. Am.J. [Z] xiii 219. Remingtonite.-On Remingtonite a new cobalt mineral by J. C.Booth. Sill. Am. J. [2] xiv 48. Serpentine.-Chemical examination of a few minerals associated with Serpentine by T.H. Gnrrett. Sill. Am J. [2] xiv 45. Slate.-Chemico-mineralogical examination of the Taunus Slate by K. List. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 181. Sommite.-On Sornmite (Nepheline) Mizzonite and Mejonite by A. Sncchi. Pogg. Ann. Erganzungs-band iii 478. Spodumene.-On Petalite and Spodumene by C. Rammelsberg. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 544. Stalactites.-On the existence of organic matter in Stalactites arid Stalag- mites forming crystallized and amorphous crenate of lime ~y D.A. Wells. Sill. Am. J. [2] xiii 11. Triphy1in.-On the Triphylin of Bodenmais by C. Rammelsberg.Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 435. Molecular Action.-Researches on the quantities of heat disengaged in chemical and molecular actions by P. A. Favre and J. T.Silberman?&. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxiv 385 ; xxxvi 5. M o1ybdenum.-On the preparation of pure molybdenum-compounds from native molybdate of lead :by L.A. Buchner. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxiii 320. -Process for obtaining inolybdic acid from molybdate of lead by Chr. EZ-bers. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 215. -New process for obtaining molybdate of ammonia by W. Delfs. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 450. -On neutral molybdate of ammonia by 2'. A. Fliickigei.. Pogg. Ann. Ixxxvi 594. -On the determination of phosphoric acid by molyhdate of ammonia by 77.J. Craw. Sill. Am. J. [2] xiii 393; Chem. Gaz. 1852 6. -On some molybdates and the application of molybdic acid to the determi- nation of phosphoric acid by M.Sonnenschein. J. pr. Chem. liii 339 Chem Gaz. 1852 388. TITLES QP CHEMICAL PAPERS Molybdenum.-On the occurrence of Diopside and Molybdate of lead as crystalline furnace-products by J. Fr. L. Hauumann. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 219. Mountain-ash.-On a new kind of sugar obtained from the berries of the mountain-ash by J. Pelnuze. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxv 223 ; Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 47 ; J. Pharrn. [3] xxi 321 ; Compt. rend. xxxiv 377 ; Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 281. Mucilage.-On vegetable mucilage and substances allied thereto ; by DT. Kutzing. Arch. Pharm. [Z] lxvii 1 ;Pharm. J. Trans. xi 327. M urn m y.-Chemical and microscopical examination of the fabrics surrounding an Egyptian mummy with some remarks on the analysis of the flesh of the mummy and on the Egyptian method of embalming by W.and T. J. Herapath. Chem. Gaz 1852 362. M yristone.-On myristone and laurostearone by A. Overbeck. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvi 591. N. Narcotine.-Observations on narcotine by M. Wertheim. J. pr. Chem. liii 431 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852,37. Narwhal.-Analysis of the tooth of the narwhal by C. A. Joy. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 365. Nickel.-Analysis of magnetic iron-pyrites containing nickel from Gap mine Lancaster County Pennsylvania by M. H. Boye. Sill. Am. J. [a] xiii 219. -On the combinations of carbonic acid and water with the oxides of nickel and cobalt by H. Bose. Chem. Gaz. 1852 132. -On a compound of sulphur nickel and bismuth by G.Ferther. J. pr. Chem. lv 227 ; Chem. Gaz. 1853 253. -On Nickel-speiss and Placodine by G. Rose. Pogg. Ann. lxxxiv 585. -On the separation of nickel and cobalt :by J. D. Smith. Chem. Gaz. 1852 259. -On the detection of nickel and cobalt in the mineral waters of N&ac by M. Nazadr. Compt. rend. xxxiv 479. Nico tine.-On the proportion of nicotine contained in the tobacco of Paraguay and on the extraction of that alkaloid by M. Lenoble. J. Pharm. [3] xxii. 30. -On poisoning by nicotine by M. OrjtZa. Chem. Gaz. 1852 187. Nitrates.-Improvements in the manufacture of nitrates and of hydrate and carbonate of soda. Pharm. J. Trans. xii 141. -On ethylo-mercuric nitrate by C Gerhardt.Ann. Ch. Pharm. IXXY,11 1 ; &em. SOC.Qu. J. v 88. -Manufacture of nitrate of potash. Pharm. J. Trans. xii 30. -On the origin of nitre by M. Desmarest. Compt. rend. xxxiv 984. Nitrides.-Observations on nitride of iron by H. L. Bufl. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 375. Nitrification.-On the oxidation of ammonia in the human body with some remarks on nitrification by H. Bence Jones. Phil. Trans. 1851 ii 399 ; Ann. Ch. Phys. [a] xxxv 176. flitrites.-On the nitrite of lead by A. Gomhs. Compt. rend. xxxiv 187. IN BRITISH AND POltEIGX JOURNALS. 359 Ni trogen.-New method for the quantitative determination of nitrogen in organic substances by measuring its volume by W.Heintz. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 263 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 139. -On a modification of the process for the determination of nitrogen in organic compounds :by A.Kemp Proc. Roy. Yoc. Edinb. 1851-2 126. -On the determination of nitrogen by M. Ullgren. J. pr. Chem. lv 21 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 300. -On the behaviour of the nitrogenous compounds of sugar with reducing agents by A. and V.Kmp. Pharm. Centrbl. xxiii 423 ;Chem. Gaz. -On the composition 1852 295. of iodide of nitrogen by a.Bunsen. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiv 1. Nitroprussides.-Preparation of nitroprusside of sodium by E. Roussin. Pharm. J. Trans. xii 44. -Contribution to the chemical history of nitroprusside of sodium by C. Rarnmelsberg. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvii 107. -On the decomposition of the so-called nitroprusside of sodium by the solar rays by A.Overbeck. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvii 110. Nutrition.-Researches on respiration and nutrition by M Clement. Compt. rend. xxxiv 977. -Experiments undertaken to determine the relative nutritious qualities of the most ordinary kinds of meat by M. Hurchal. Compt. rend. xxxiv 591. -On phosphate of lime considered with relation to the nutrition of animals and the mortality of children :by M. Mourib. Compt. rend. xxxv 141 0. Oats,-Researches on the nutrition of oats particularly as regards the inorganic matters required by the Prime of Salm-Horstmar. Ann. Ch. Yhys. C3-j xxxv 54. Oils.-Analysis of oils by means of sulphuric acid by M. Maurnend. Compt. rend. xxxv 572. -Researches on vegetable fatty oils by J. Lefort. Compt. rend. MXV 734. -On the compounds of certain essential oils with the alkaline bisulphites by C.Bertugnini. Compt. rend. xxxv 800 ;Chem. Soc. Qu. J. v 317. -On the action ofessential oil of mustard on organic bases by N. Lisin. Chem. Gaz. 1852,441. -Researches on oil of beet-root by M. A. MzilZer. J. pr. Chem. lvi 103 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxii 160. -On the mode of ascertaining the purity of essential oil of bitter almonds y J. Ferris. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 565 ; also by T.Redwood. Pharm J. Trans. xi 486; J. Pharm. C33 xxii 116. -On oil of cloves by G. von Zeet. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 433. -On the distillation of volatile oil of cloves by means of superheated steam by M. Scharling. J. Pharm. [3] xxvi 295 ;Pharm. J. Trans xi 469. -On the so-called Hungarian oil of wine by I% Sch~~rtz.Ann.Ch. Pharm. lxxxiv 82. 360 TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Oils -Researches on the chemical composition of cod-liver oil by F. L. ?Tim-kter. N. Repert. Pitarm. i 65 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxii 225 Chem. Gaz. 1852 368 ; Yharm. J. Trans xii 36. -Chemical examination of cod-liver oil by AX.Riegel. Arch. Pharm. [2] lxx 17 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxii 79. -On the proportions of iodine contained in cod-liver oils by Chwva2Eier and Gobby. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 321. -On the substitution of an artificial ioduretted oil for cod-liver oil Pharm. J. Trans. xi 318. -On drying linseed oil obtained without heat by J. Liebig. J. Pharm. [3] xxii 47 ; Pharm. J. Trans. xi 47. -On the action of Wurtz's bases upon oil of mustard by Fr.Einterberyer. Ann Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 346. -On oil of geranium having the odour of roses. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 325. -Note on the oil of the Spudus muximus :by E. Ronalds. Chem. Gaz. 1852 420. _I_ Action of hypochlorite of lime on oil of turpentine and other essential oils by M. Chautard J. Pharm. [3] xxi 88. -Action of acids heat and the chlorides of the alkali- and earth-metals on oil of turpentine and hydrate of turpentine by 31. Berthelot Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 104. -On a new compound of oil of turpentine by A. Sobrero. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxx 106. Opine.-On porphyroxine or opine by M. Roberston. J. Pharm. [3] xxii 190. Opium.-Researches on some of the crystalline compounds of opium by 5".Anderson. Ed. Phil. Trans. xx Pt. 3 347 ; abstr. Proc. Roy. SOC. Edinb. 1851-2 132 ; Chem. SOC. Qn. J. v 257. L_ On the analysis of opium especially with reference to the amount of morphia contained therein by Dr. Riegel. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 418. Organic Bases.-Researches into the molecular constitution of the organic bases by A. W. Hofnzann. (Second memoir.) Phil. Trans. 1851 ii 357. -On a general method for the discovery of organic alkalies in cases of poi- soning by M. Stas. J. Pharm. [3] xxii 281 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852,348; Pharm. J. Trans. xii 195. -Organic bases containing antimony. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. V 66. _I__ Formation of the ethyl-bases by means of chloride of ammonium by M Berthelot. Compt. rend. xxxiv 802 ; Ann. Ch Pharm. lxxxiii log.-On the action of 'I't'urtz's bases on oil of mustard by Fr. Hiinferberger. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 346. __. Researches on the compounds of sulphuric acid with organic substances by Gwhardt and Chancel. Compt. rend. xxxv 690. Organic Radicals.-Researches on the oxygenated radicals by L. Cl~iozza. Compt. rend. xxxv 225 ; Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiv 102. Organic Substances.-On the quantitative determination of sulphur in or-ganic substances by W. Heintr. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 424 IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS 36I Organic Subs tances.-New process for separating arsenic from organic substances by Schneider. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 433. -Researches on two new organic compounds :by A. Lamy. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] Ixxxv 514. 0xalates.-On the acid oxalates of the earths by E.Clapton. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 223. 0xamide.-Formation of oxalic ether and oxamide in the distillation of alde- hyde-ammonia by C. Schmidt. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 330. Oxygen.-Researches on the means of extracting for technical purposes the oxygen contained in atmospheric air by $1.Boussingault. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxv 5; Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 269. -On the electro-chemical function of oxygen by M. ITiurd. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxvi 129. -On the form in which the absorbed oxygen is contained in the blood by J. Liebig. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 337. -On a mode of separating in the pure state from melting silver the oxygen which it has absorbed from the air by M. Levol. Compt. rend. xxxv 63. 0x y sul p h ocarbo nate s.-On the action of ammonia on binoxysulphocarbonate of amyl by M.W.Johnson. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 142. Ozone.-On the nature and name of ozone by C. F. ScAonbria. Phil. Mag. [4] iv 542. -On the qinantitative determination of ozone by C. F.Schonbein Phil. Mag. [4] iv 545. P. Paper.-Tmprovements in the chemical treatment of the raw materials used in the manufacture of paper and in obtaining oxalic acid. Pharm. J Trans. xii 258. -Paper for bankers’ cheques. Pharrn. J. Trans. xii 140. Paralbumin.-On paralbumin and metalbumin by J. Scherer. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxii 135 ; J. pr. Chem. liv 402 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxi 474. Parenchyma.-On a peculiar acid secreted by the pulmonary parenchyma by F. Yerdeil. Chem Gaz. 1852 14. Paricine.-On paricine by F.L.Winckler. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 395. Pastilles.-On the alteration of pastilles by F. Huranct. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 112. Percarbonic Compounds.-On uric chlorosulphalic and percarbonic com- pounds by A. Laureat. Compt. rend. xxxv 629. Perfumery.-Organic chemistry in its application to perfumery by A. ?T. Hofmann. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 87. Perspiration.-Researches on the chemical composition of human perspira- tion by P. A. Favrr. Compt. rend. xxxv 721. Phospha t es.-On the triple or ammonio-magnesian phosphates occurring in the urine and other animal fluids by J. V.Gri$ith. Phil. Mag. [4] iii,_373 TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Phospha tes.-Results of experiments on the use of amrnonio-magnesian phosphate as manure by J.I. Pierre. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxvi 47. -Note on the use of sulphate of iron for the disinfection of manures and on the solubility of the phosphates of iron by J. I. Pierre. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxvi 70. -On phosphate of lime considered in relation to the nutrition of animals and the mortality of children by M. Mouri&s.Cornpt. rend. xxxv 141. -On the amount of water contained in tribasic phosphate of lime by Z. Ludwig. Chem. Gaz. 1852,367. -Action of water at a high temperature and under strong pressure on the pyrophosphates metaphosphates cyanides &c. :by A. Reynouo Compt. rend. xxxiv 795 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxii 14. -On the pyrophosphate of soda and iron by A. Ure. J. Pharm. [3] XXI 297. -On soda-pyrophosphate of iron by L.BZyth. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 456. Phosphorus.-Amorphous phosphorus. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 369. -On the equivalent of phosphorus by V. Jacqudain. Compt. rend xxxiii. 693. -Observations on the preparation of phosphorus by M. Donovan. J. Pharm. [S] xxi 41 ; J. pr. Chem. lii 103. -On the action of iodine upon phosphorus by B. C. Brodie. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 289. -On the separation of phosphorus from iron and alumina by A. Reynoso. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 28. -Reduction of metals by phosphorus and sulphur by ?K Wicke. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxii 145. -On the utricutar form and the crystallization of phosphorus :by M. Brame. Compt. rend. xxxv 7%. -On phosphide of tungsten by 3'. FOhZe9*. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 94. Photography.-Method of obtaining direct positive pictures upon glass by A.Martin. Compt. rend. xxxv 29. -On the production of instantaneous photographic images by H. F. Talbot. J. Frank. Inst. [3] xxiii 137. -Description of a new method of preparing negative photographic paper by G. Legray. J. Frank. Inst. [Z] xxiv 65. -On the collodion process in photography by F. S. Archer. J. Frank. Inst. [3] xxiii 205. -Note on the use of collodion in photography by M. Binghana. Compt. rend. xxxiv 724. -Photography on glass J. Frank. Inst r31 xxiii 120. -On the production of photographs on glass by J. Pucher. Arch. Pharm. [2] lxix 361 ;Chem. Gaz. 1852,291. J. Frank. Inst. [3] xxiii 206. -Note on a photometric property of Daguerreotype plates Gutta percha in photography.by Jf. Pouillet. Compt. rend. xxxv 373. -Note on the means of multiplying photographic pictures on metal by transferring them to albuminized glass by A. Rochas. Compt. rend. xxxiv 250. -Note on a method of procuring very rapid photographs by J. Stuart. Proc. Roy. SOC.Edinb. 1851-2 116. IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOUELNALS. Photograph y.-Third memoir on heliochromy by Niepce' de St.-Yiefor. Compt. rend. xxxv 694.-Remarks on this commmication by M. Becquerel. Ibid. 697. Ph yci t e.-On phycite the saccharine matter of Protococcus vulgaris .-by A. Lurny. Ann. Ch Phys. [3] xxxv 138. Physa1ine.-On physaline the bitter principle of the winter-cherry (PhySali8. alkekengi) by Dessuiynes and Chautard. J Pharm. [3] xxi 24 Piperine.-On a new alkali derived from piperine by A.Cahours. Compt. rend. xxxiv 48 I. -Reclamation of priority relative to a recent note of M. Cahours on a vola- tile base obtained from piperine by T.Anderson. Compt rend. xxxiv 564. Reply by M. Cahoura. Ibid. 696. P1acodine.-Breithaupt's Placodine probably a furnace-product by C. Schna-bet?. Pogg. Ann. lxxxiv 585. Plants.-Researches on the green colouring-matter of plants by F. Verdeil. Compt rend. xxxiii 689. -Influence of ammonia added to the air on the development of plants by M. YiElle. Compt. rend. xxxv 650. -New researches on the respiration of plants by M. Gurreau. Compt rend. xxxiv 104. -On the sources of fluorine in plants with some new observations on the sources whence vegetables derive that element by G.Wilson. Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb. July 8 1852; Chern. Gaz. 1852 309. -On the influence of the solar radiations on the vital powers of plants by J. H. Gladstone. Chem. Gaz. 1852 377. -On the behaviour of the roots of various species of plants in saline solu- tions by J. Schloasberger. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 172. -On the manner in which plants assist in the deposition of carbonate of lime by R.Ludwig and G. Theobald. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvii 91 143. Plastic Material.-On a new plastic material for forming various objects by Pt of. Purkinje. Gewerbebl. aus Wurtemb. 1852 45 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 259. Plating.-Facts relating to the histcry of galvanic plating by N.BouiZkt. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 44. Platinum.-On the atomic weights of platinum and barium by 31 Andrews.Chem. Gaz. 1852,37 . -Platinum in the Alps by M. Gueymard. Ann. Min. [5] i 345. -On piatinum-black :by W. Knop. Pharm. Centrbl. xxiii 431 ;Chem. Gaz. 18 52,313. -Observations on a new series of double chlorides containing diplatos- ammonium by G. B. Buckton. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 213. Poisons.-On the elimination of certain poisons ; comparison of various methods of detection ; action of ethylamine and amylamine on the animal economy by A. 2'. OrJiZc. Compt. rend. xxxiv 97. Polarized Light.-Experiments to prove that substances possessed of rota-tory power when they are dissolved in inactive media having no chemical action upon them enter with these media into a state of transient combination not in definite proportions which affects their entire mass and subsists as long as the mixed system remains fluid by M.Biot. Compt. rend. xxxv 233 ; Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxvi 257. 364 TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Polarized Light.-New researches in the relations which may exist between crystalline form chemical composition and rotatory power by A. Pasteur. Compt. rend. xxxv 176. -On the polarizing crystals produced by the action of iodine on sulphate of quinine by Dr. Herapath. Phil. Mag. [4] iii 161 ; iv 186; Chern. SOC.Qu. J. v 177. -On Soleil’s polariscope for determining the quantity of sugar in a solution by H. Bence Jones. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 455. -On the relation of certain crystals to polarized light by the Prince of Salm-Norstmar.Pogg. Ann. lxxsiv 5 15. -On the detection of minute quantities of soda by means of polarized light by T.Andrews. Chem. Gaz. 1852 378. Poppy.-Experiments on poppy-heads by A. Buchner. J. Pharm. [3) xxii 48 ; Pharm. J. Trans. xi 416. Popu1ine.-On populine by R.Piria. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 245 ; Compt rend. xxxiv 138 ; Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 8. -Optical observations on populine and on artificial salicine by AWN.Biot and Pusbeur. Compt. rend. xxxiv 606. Porcelain.-Researches on the composition of the substances used in the manufacture and decoration of porcelain in china by MH. Ebelmen and Salvktat. Ann. Ch. Phys. xxxv 315 ; Compt. rend. xxxiv 647 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 428 450,469 Pork.-Analysis of the ash of unsalted pork by Echeuawia.Ann. Ch. Pharm. 373. Porphyroxine.-On porphyroxine or opine by N. Roberston J. Pharrn. [3) xxii 190. Potash.-On the variation in the relative proportion of potash and soda present in certain samples of barley grown in plots of ground artificially im- pregnated with one or other of those alkalies by C,Daubeny. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 9; J. Pharm. [3] xxi 435. -On the preparation of pure hydrate and carbonate of potash by N.7Y;crt.z. Chem. Gaz. 1552 203. -On the double-salt of chromate of potash with cyanide of mercury by C. Rummeldwry. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 145. -On the composition of a series of hydrated silicates of ferric acid and potash by T.Scheerer. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvii 73. -Potash-salts in blast iron-furnaces.J. Frank. Inst. [3] xxiii 392. Potassium.-Researches on the extraction of potassium by Muresku and Donny. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxv 147. c__ On an alloy of potassium and sodium by R. Wagner. J. pr. Chem. lv 489 ; Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxvi 246. -Note on the commercial analysis of cyanide of potassium by J. Pordos and A. Gelis. Compt. rend. xxxv 224. -On a curious form of crystallization of iodide of potassium by R. Faring-tw. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 136. Potatoes.-On the amylum grains of the potatoe by A. Mitri‘in. Phil. Mag. [4] iii 2F7. .-On the fat of potatoes by H. Bichborn. Pogg. Ann. hxxvii 227 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 461. IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. Propylamin e.-On some new double-salts of ethylamine and propylamine by M.Beckenschuss. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 343. -Occurrrence of propylamine in Chenopodizim vulvaria by P. Dessaiggnes. Ann. Ch. Pharm lxxxi 106. -On the occurrence of propylamine by .E! I;. PTiinckler. Chem. Gaz. 1852 22 I. -On the preparation of propylamine from ergot of rye by 3’. A. ?T%ckler. W. Repert. Pharm. i 116 171 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxii 155 ; Pharm. J. Trans. xii 42. Pseudo-Stearoptenes.-On the pseudo-stearoptenes found on the external surface of plants by M. Klotzsch. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 433. Pyroxy1ine.-Researches on pyroxyline (gun-cotton) by A. Bechamp. Compt. rend. xxxv 473. Q. Quercite-Reproduction of mannite and quercite from nitromannite and nitroquercite by P. Drssaignes. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxi 251. Quinidine.-On quinidine by R.Eoward. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 393. -On the chemical composition of quinidine by E. G. Leers. Ann Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 147; Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxvi 112 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxii 239 ; Pharm. J. Trans. xii 295. Quinine.-On the polarizing crystals produced by the action of iodine on sui- phate of quinine by Dr. Herapath. Phil. Mag. [4] iii 161 ; iv 186; Chem. Soc. Qu. J. v 177; Pharm. J. Trans. xii 6. -On the three kinds of quinine by J. van Heiningen. Pharm. J. Trans xi 521. -On the fluorescence of quiniferous solutions. Pharm J. Trans. xii 245. -On the adulterations of sulphate of quinine and on the mode of testing it by A Delondre and 0.Henry. J. Pharm. L3J xxi 281 ; Pharm. J. Trans. xi 393. -Experiments for testing the purity of sulphate of quinine by M.Guibourt. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 47; Pharm. J. Trans. xi 461. -Mode of detecting sulphate of quinine in urine by Dr. Tiale. J. Pharm. [3] xxii 303. -Report presented to the “ Acadkmie de Mkdecine” on a memoir by M. Barreswil on the properties of tannate of quinine by MM. OrJla Bussy and Bouvier. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 206. -On the adulteration of sulphate of quinine by D. Zirnmer. Buchner’s N. Rerpert. i 443 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852,450. Quinquina.-On the analysis of quinquinas by M. Riegel. Arch. Pharm. [2) lxx 40; J. Pharm. [3] xxii 311;. -Analytical researches on the preparations of quinquina by M. Garot. J. Pharm. [3] xxvi 298. -On the composition of the bark of Quinquina royal by M. Schwartz. J. pr. Chem. lvi 76 ; J. Pharm.[3] xxii 394. TJTLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS R. Radicals.-Researches on the oxygen radicals by A. Chioxza. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiv 102. Resins.-On the resins of Arbol-a-brea and of Elemi by S Baup. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 3 13. -On hircine a new resin by E. Piddington. Chem. Gaz. 1852 213. -On the resin of jalap and on perchlorinated succinic ether by A. Laurent. Compt. rend. xxxv 379. -On the resin of jalap by W. Muyer. Ann. Ch. Pharm lxxxiii 121. -On a new fossil resin by J. W. Mullet. Phil. Mag. [4] ivy 261. Respira tion.-Researches on respiration and nutrition by M. Clement. Compt. rend. xxxiv 977 Rhatany.-On spurious rhatany root by Prof. Mettenheimer. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 420. Rocks.-Researches on the alterations of stratified rocks under the influence of atmospheric agents and of infiltration-waters by M.EbeZmen. Compt. rend. xxxiii 678. __. On the composition and microscopic structure of certain basaltic and metamorphic rocks by T.Andrews. Chem. Gaz. 1852 416. -Researches on globulous rocks (roche8 globulewes) by N.Delesse. Compt. rend. xxxv 274. -On some modern calcareous rock-formations by J. D. Dana. Sill. Am. J. [Z] xiv 410. Rubia.-Examination of the root of madder (RuMu tinctorurn) by Prof. Roch-Zeder. Ber. d. Akad. d. Wissensch. zu Wien 1852 ;Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 215 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 245. Rubiucece.-Examination of the Rubiacece .-by F. Rwhleder. Ber. Akad. Wissensch. zu Wien math. phys. Classe Jan. 1352; Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxiii 64 ; Chem.Gaz. 1852 291. Rubian.-On rubian and its products of decomposition by E. Schunrk. Phil. Trans. 1851 ii 433; Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 336; Phil. Mag. [4] iii 213 354 ;Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxv 366 ; Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 56. -On the action of alkalies and earths on rubian by E. Schunck. Chem. Gaz. 1852 436. Rutanhia.-On the chemical analysis of the roots of Rutanhia and Tormentllla by M. Danse sen. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 99. Rye.-On the detection of wheat-flour in rye-flour. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 145. S. Safe ty-lamp.-Elvin’s improved miners’ safety-lamp. Phil. Mag. [4] iii 239. Saffron.-On certain constituent principles of saffron (Crocus sativus) by B.Quadrat. J. Pharm. [3] xxii 227. Sa1icin.-Optical observations on populin and on artificia1 salicin by MX.Biot and Pasteur. Compt. rend. xxxiv 606. Saline Solutions.-Observations on the supersaturation of saline solutions (conclusion) by H. LoweZ. Ann. Ch. Phys [3] xxxiii 377. IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. 367 Saline Solutions.-Additional notes to his third memoir on the supersatu- ration of saline solutions by E. Lowel. Compt. rend. xxxv 219. -Researches on the specific heat of saline solutions :by C. C. Person. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxiii 437. Saliva.-Experimental researches on the secretion of saliva in ruminants by 0,Colin. Compt. rend. xxxiv 681. Saltpetre.-On the production of saltpetre and soda in Hungary by J. Szab6. Arch. Pharm. lxvi 311 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852,47. Sandal-w o o d.-On dyeing with sandal-wood by A.Vimmer. Chem. Gaz. 1852 235. Selenium.-On the allotropy of selenium by Hihrf. Pogg. Ann. Ixxxiv 214; Phil. Mag. [4] iii 546 ;Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 90. Sherbet.-On the sherbets of the East by X. Landerer. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 407. Silica.-On the solubility and hydrated state of silicic acid :by J. Fuchs. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 119. Silicates.-On the classification of the silicates and their allied compounds by E. J. Chapman. Phil. Mag. [4] iii 270. -On the composition of a series of hydrated silicates of ferric oxide and Scheerer. 2'.by:potash Pogg. Ann. lxxxvii 73. -Note on a hydrosilicate of soda which is found cementing a mass of breccia in the neighbourhood of Sablonville :by L.K~aftand N. B. Belahaye. Compt. rend. xxxv 143. Silk-worm.-Chemical and physiological researches on silk-worms by E.Pdtigot. Compt. rend. xxxiv 290. Silver.-On a peculiar brittle form of silver by A. and W. Knop. Chem. Pharm. Centralb. 1852 530 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 344. -Preparation of pure silver from the chloride by C. Brunner. Pogg. Ann. lxxxii 462 ; Phil. Mag. [4] ivy78. -On peroxide of silver by F. Mahla. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 253 ; Ann. Ch. Phys. [s] xxxvi 231 ; Phil. Mag. [4] ivy319; Chem. Gaz. 1852 261. -On the compounds of carbonic acid with oxide of silver by €L Rose. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 312. -On the compounds of the oxides of cadmium and silver with carbonic acid by H. Rose. Chem. Gaz. 1852 181. -Solubility of chloride of silver in mercuric nitrate. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 128.-Observations on the double cyanide of potassium and silver and on its function in electro-chemistry by H. BouiZhet. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxiv 153. -On the mode of separating in a state of purity from melting silver the oxygen which it has observed from the air by M.LevoZ. J. Pharm. [3] xxii 290 ;Compt. rend. xxxv 63 ;Pogg Ann. lxxxvii 320. -On the preparation of Lapis infernalis ;by M. Mohr. J. Pharm. [3] xxii 314. -On electro-plating by E. Thomas and Y. DeZisse. Compt. rend. xxxiv 556 Chem. Gaz 1852,415. -Kote on electro-chemical plating in reply to MM. Thomas and Delisse by H. BouiZhet. Compt. rend. xxxiv 580. TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Silver.-Note on a new alloy of silver by G. Bnrruel. Compt. rend xxxv 759. -Improvements in obtaining silver from the residuum in the manufacture of oxychloride of lead (Patterson’s patent).Pharm. J. Trans. xii 304. -Improvements in separating gold and silver from other metals (Parkes’ patent) Pharm. J. Trans. xii 304. Sinapine.-On sinapine by 15. Bdo and i7iz; Nzrschbrzmz. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxiv 10. Slag.-Application of the slag of blast-furnaces to the preparation of alum chloride of calcium &c. Pharm. J. Trans. xii 259. Slate.-Chemico-mineralogical investigation of the Taunus slate by I% List (conclusion). Ann. Pharm. lxxxi 257. S0da.-~4nalysis of crude soda by B. Unger. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 289. -On the detection of minute quantities of soda by means of polarized light by T. Andrews. Chem.Gaz. 1852 379. -On the variation in the relative proportion of potash and soda present in certain samples of barley grown in plots of ground artificially impreg- nated with one or other of those alkalies by C. Daubeny. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 9. -Improvements in the manufacture of hydrate and carbonate of soda. Pharm. J. Trans. xii 141. -On the production of saltpetre and soda in Hungary by J. Sznb6. Arch. Pharm. lxvi 311 ;Chem. Gaz. 1852 47. -On the composition of arseniate of soda by M. Fresenius. J. Pharm. [S] xxii 226 ;J. pr. Chem. lvii 30. -On the pyrophosphate of soda and iron by A. Ure. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 297.-Also by L. BZyfh. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 456. -Historic notice relating to the discovery of the soude art$cielle of MM.Leblanc and Dize‘ by 2’. Boudet. J. Pharm. [3] xxii 99. -On stannate of soda. Chem. Gaz 1852,459. -Preparation of nitroprussiate of soda by E. Roussin. Pharm. J. Trans. xii 44. Sodium.-On an alloy of potassium and sodium by R. Wagner. J. yr. Chem. lv 489 ; Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxvi 246. -Contribution to the chemical history of nitroprusfiide of sodium by C. Ramwlsberg. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvii 107. -On the decomposition of the so-called nitroprusside of sodium by the solar rays by A. Overbeck. Pogg. Ann. Ixxxvii 1lo. Soils.-Researches on the composition of the soluble matters extracted by water from fertile soils by 2’. Verdeil and E. Risler. Compt. rend. xxxv 95. -Notes and observations on the analyses and character of the soil of Scioto Valley Ohio with some general considerations respecting the analyses of soils by D.A. WeZls. Sill. Am. J. [2] xiv 11. Solids.-New developments relating to the chemical effects produced by the contact of solids and liquids by M. Becquerel. Compt. rend. xxxiv 573. Sorbi ne.-On sorbine a new saccharine substance extracted from the berries of the mountain-ash by J. Pelouze. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxv 223 ; Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 47; J. Pharm. [3] xxi 321; Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 281. IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. Spartiurn.-On the action of nitric acid on various vegetables with a more particular reference to Spartium scoparium by J. Stenhouse. Phil. Trans. 1851 ii 415. Spermaceti.-On spermaceti by 7T. Heintz. Pogg. Ann.lxxxvii 21 267. Spheroidal state.-On the force which sustains the drops of liquid in Leidenfrost’s experiment by C. C. Person. Pogg. Ann. Ixxxiv 274. Spirea.-Contributions to the physiology of the Spirceas by W. Wicke. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 175. Spircea uZmnria.-Report presented to the “Socie‘te’ de Pharmacie,” on the preparations of Spirea ulmaria by M. Garot. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 288. Stalac tites.-On the existence of organic matter in stalactites and stalagmites forming crystallized and amorphous crenate of lime by D. A. TeZZs. Chem. Gaz. 1852 72. Stannates.-On stannate of soda. Chem. Gaz. 1852 459. Stannethy1.-On stannethyl a new organic radical containing tin by A. Cahours and R. Rirhe. Compt. rend. xxxv 9 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 307. Starch.-On iodide of starch and its decoloration by heat and by vegetable charcoal by M.Lahens. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 13. -On soluble iodide of starch and the mode of preparing it by M. LPf0r-t. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 202. -On soluble iodide of starch and syrup of iodide of starch by M. Lpfort. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 340. Steam.-Note on the use of aqueous vapour in certain metallurgic operations by M. Cumerge. Ann. Men. [5] i 425. -On the use of vapour of water for extinguishing fires by M. Dujardin. Compt. rend. xxxiv 487. ___.. On the distillation of oil of cloves and the preparation of benzoic acid by means of superheated steam by E. A. Scliarting. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 469. Steam-engine.-Note on a disputed question connected with the history of the steam-engine by J.Apjohrz Chem. Gaz. 1852 396. Stearine.-On the manufacture of stearine candles by distillation ; question of priority. Lettrr to the editor by MM. Bussy and Lecanu. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 279. -On the stearic candle manufacture by G. 2’. WiZson. Chem. Gaz 1852 119. SteeL-On the tempering of steel by X. Laatderer. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 302. -On the composition of wootz or Indian steel by T. H. Henry. Phil. Mag. [4] iv 42. Stibethy1.-On the indirect bleaching power of stibethyl by C. F. Schonbein. J. pr. Chem. hi 353 ; Phil. Mag. [4] iv 239. Stibmethy1ium.-On stibmethylium and its compounds by H. S. Landolt. Mittheil. d.Naturforsch. Gesellsch. in Zurich Nos. 72 73 74 ; Ann. Ch. Pharm. lssxiv 44 ;Chem Gaz. 1852 381 404.Stratification.-Observations on the origin of stratification by D. A. Tells. Sill. Am. J. [2] xiii 13. Strontia.-Note on the existence of strontia in the well-waters of Bristol by V.and T. J. .€€erapath. Chem Soe. Qu.J. v 393. VOL. Ve-NO. XX. I3B TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Strontia.-Action of baryta and strontia on the compounds of titanium before the blowpipe by E. J. Chapman. Chem. Gaz. 1852 297. Strychnine.-On the methods adopted for detecting the presence of strych- nine hy J.Zefort. J. Pharm. [3) xxi 17.1;. -Report upon the alleged adulteration of pale ales by strychnine by Pro-fessors Graham and Hofmann. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 173 ; Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 39; Pharm. J. Trans. xi 504 ;Chem. Gaz. 1852 197. -On the use of chlorine as an antidote to strychnine by M.Bandet. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxv 464. Sublimation.-A modification of the ordinary process of sublimation in a straight tube by R. Furington. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 141. Sugar.-Improvement in the manufacture and refining of sugar by 22. and J. Ozland. Chem. Gaz. 1852 38. -On a peculiar kind of sugar in acorns by P. Iles~aignes~Ann Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 103. -Transformation of mannite into sugar by M. L'Hermite. Compt. rend. xxsiv 114. -On the action exerted by acids by heat and by alkaline and earthy chlorides on oil of turpentine and its hydrate on sugar and on alcohol by M. Berthelot. Compt. rend. xxxiv 799 ; Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 106. -On Soleil's polariscope for determining the quantity of sugar in a solution by H.Bence Jones. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 455. -On the behaviour of the nitrogenous compounds of sugar with reducing agents by A. and F. Knop. Pharm. Centrbl. xxiii 423 ;Chem. Gaz. 1852 295. -On the presence of sugar in urine by M Barreszoil. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 27. -On the quantity of sugar in the carrot (Daucus carrota) and its alcoholic and nutritive equivalents ;by C. Schmidt. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 325. -Absence of sugar in the urine of hysterical and epileptic patients some hours after the attacks by iK MicA4u. Compt. rend. xxxiii 669. -Presence of sugar in the urine of hysterical and epileptic patients by A. Eleynoso. Compt. rend. xxxiv 18. Su1phates.-On the conversion of alkaline sulphates into chlorides by H.Rose. Pogg. Ann. Ixxxv 443. -On the commercial manufacture of sulphate of iron. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 568. -On the polybasic sulphates of the magnesian series by M. SchauefeZe. J. Pharm. [S] xxi 81. -New experiments on the influence of sulphates on the yield of artificial meadows with leguminous bottom by J. I. Pierre. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxvi 61. -Note on the use of sulphate of iron for the disinfection of manure and on the solubility of the phosphates of iron :by J. I. Pierre. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxvi 70. -Observations on the treatment of the sulphates of potash and soda by oxide of carbon by H. Levol. J. Pharm. [3] xxii 289. IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. 8ulphates.-On the preparation of sulphate of alumina by M31.Hzcria and Brunel. Bull. SOC. d’Encourag. 1852 199 ; Chern. Gaz. 1852 359. Su1phides.-Researches on the sulphides decomposible by water by B. Fremy. Compt. rend. xxxv 27 ; J. Pharm. [S] xxii 241 ;Phil. Mag. [4] iv 153. -On a compound of sulphur nickel and bismuth by G. Terther. J. pr. Chem. lv 227 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 252. -On the manufacture of sulphide of carbon by Jf. Girurd. Compt. rend. XXXV 257. Su1phites.-On a method of separating the alkaline sulphites from alkaline carbonates sulphates and hyposulphites by G. Werther. J. pr. Chem. lv 22 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 157. -On several new sulphites of mercuric oxide and cuprous oxide by L. P6un de Xaint-Gilles. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxvi 80 ;Compt. rend xxxiv 995. -On the compounds of certain essential oils with the alkaline bisulphites by C.Bertagnini. Compt. rend. xxxv 801 ; Chem. SOC. Qu. v 317. Sulpho cyanides.-Action of certain oxidizing and deoxidizing agents on the sulphocpanide of potassium and on ferrous and ferric sulphocyanides by M. Besnou. J. Pharm. [3] xxii l6l. -On sulphocyanide of ammonium as a test for iron-salts. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 295 ;Pharm. J. Trans. xi 296. Su1phostannates.-On the sulphostannates by 0.B. Xuhn. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiv 110. Sulphur.-On the sulphur deposits at Swaszowicze and Radoboj. Phil. Mag. [4] iii 157. -On the quantitative determination of sulphur by ?K .€Leini!,z. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvi 424 ; Chern. Gaz. 1852 375. -Note on certain properties of sulphur :by C. Suitzte-CZuire Deville.Compt. rend. xxxiv 531. -On certain properties of sulphur by M Puyen. Compt. rend. xxxiv 534. -Detection of small quantities of sulphur by J. ?tT. Bailej and J.D.Dana. Ann. Ch. Yharm. lxxxi 180. -Researches on the dimorphism and transformation of sulphur by C. Xainte-Claire Deoille. Compt. rend. xxxiv 561. -On pseudosoluble sulphur on its pseudosolution and on soft sulphur by M. Xelnii. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 418. -On a new compound of the highest chloride of sulphur with sulphuric acid by 27.Rose. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 510 -Sulphur in pyroligneous spirit by Reuben Phillips.Chem. Gaz 1852 252. -On the influence of sulphur on the properties of cast iron by 31.Janoyer. Ann. Min. [41 xx 359; Chem. Gaz. 1852 227. -Extract from a memoir on the sulphuration of caoutchouc and on certain properties of sulphur by M.Puyen. Compt. rend. xxxiv 453; J. Pharm. [S] xxi 366. -On anisated balsam of sulphur by 3.Bobipuet. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 200. 7 Reduction of metals by phosphorus and sulphur by W. Wicke. Ann. Ch. Pharrn. lxxxii 145. -Researches on the densities of sulphur by C Brunt&. Compt. rend. xxxv 748. BB2 372 'PITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. Syrups.-On the means of detecting the presence of syrup of fecula in the syrups of sugar of commerce by 3.Soubeiru~.Pharm. J. Trans. xi 366. T. Tannin.-On tannins and glucosamides :by A.Lmuent. Compt. rend. xxxv 161. Tartrates.-On the preparation of the double tartrate of potash and iron (bodes de Nuncy) :by X.TfinckZei.. J. Pharm. [3] xxii 319. -Method of preparing ferrico-potassic tartrate in pellets by XK Ca1"17PZis and Gilles. J. Pharm. [3] xxii 304. Tea.-On the teas of commerce by R.Vuringtoiz. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Isxxi 228. 7 Some additional observations on the green teas of commerce by R.T#?6rington. Chem. SOC.Bu. J. v 139. Tellurium.-Observations on telluride of ethyl by F. 21uZZeb. Chem. Soc. Qu. J. v 7 I. -On some new compounds of tellurethyl by li. Rrolzler. Ann Ch. Pharm. Ixxxiv 69. Tha1ia.-On Fhalia a new earth discovered in the new American mineral Thuliie :by D.Ouen. Sill. Am. J. [2] xiii 420. Thermometry.-On thermometry and subjects therewith connected by Plucker and Geissler. Pogg. Ann. lsxxvi 238. Thorina.-On thorina and donaria by .X Duinour and Prof.Be&%.Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 556. -On thorina and donaria by Prof. Beiyenzamz. Pogg. Ann. lxs~v 553. Tliorinu m.-Chemical researches on a new oxide obtained from a Norwegian mineral; examination and analysis of Orangite by A. Dumour. Compt. rend. xxsiv 685. Tin.-On the occurrence of tin in Spain by E. L. Sclzuba~th. Pogg. Ann. lxxxri 600. -On the detection and qualitative separation of tin antimony and arsenic ; and on the relation existing between these metals and others which are precipitated from their acid solutions by sulphuretted hydrogen by C. L. Zzloxun~ Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 104; Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 180. -On the qualitative separation of tin antimony and arsenic by G. F. Amell. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 210.-New method of precipitating oxide of tin and separating it from other bodies and of combining it with silk woollen and cotton fabrics by J. Louenthal. J. pr. Chem. 116 366; Chem. Gaz. 1352 340. -On bichloride of tin and some of its compounds by 7K Cncselmoin. Ann. Ch. Yharm. Ixxxiii 257. -On the corrosion of the tin cooling tubes in copper coolers by 3'. A. Wolf. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 374. -On the sulphostannates by 0. €3. Kzdm. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixsxiv 110. -Researches on stannethyl a new organic radical containing tin by A. Cukows and A. Riclze. Compt. rend. xxxv 91. -I On a remarkable deposit of tin-ore at the Providence Mines near St. Ives Cornwall by W. J.Denwood. Phil. Mag. [4] iv 538. Toad.-On the urine of the toad (Bzfo ciiiereics) by 0.€Iuh. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxiv 127. -On the urine of the toad (Bzfo cinereus) by 0. Iliutz. Ann. Ch. Yharm. lxxxiv 127. IN BRITISH AND POREIGN JOURNALS. 373 11 lolu-balsam.-Report on a method of preparing the syrup of tolu-balsam proposed by 3%.Matthieu by $1.Buhlunc. J. Pharm. [3] xxii 119. Z'ormentillu.-On the chemical analysis of the roots of Ratanhiu and Tormen-tillu by M. Dame sea. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 99. Trimethy1amine.-On the presence of trimethylamine in herring-brine by A. V.Hofmann. Compt. rend. xxxv 62 ; Ann. Ch Pharm. lxxxiii 116 ;Chem. SOC.Qu. .I. v 285 ;Pharm. J. Trans. xii 198. r-1 itanium.-Researches on the crystalline forms and chemical and physical properties of titanic acid and other isomorphous oxides :by M.Ladrey. Compt. rend. xxxiv 56. -Action of baryta and strontia on the compounds of titanium before the hlow-pipe by E. J. Cltupmaz Chem. Gaz. 1852 297. -Titanium in the waters of Neyrac (Ardhche) by M. Muzude. Compt. rend. xxxiv 952. Tungsten.-On the atomic weight of tungsten and on somk of its com-pounds by J. B. 2.012 Borch. J. pr. Chem. liv 254; Chern. Gaz. 1852 95. -Researches on the composition of wolfram by J. Persoz. Compt. rend. xxxiv 135 ; Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 95. -On phosphide of tungsten by 3'.7TohZer. Chem. SOC.Qu. J.v 94. -Artificial preparation of crystallized tungstate of lime by N. S. Manross. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 243. Turpentine.-On the action exerted by acids by heat and by alkaline and earthy chlorides on oil of turpentine and its hydrate and on sugar and alcohol by Jf.Berfhelot. Compt. rend. xxxiv 799; J. Pharm. [3] xxsi 31 ;,4nn. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 106. -On a new compound of oil of turpentine :by A. Sobrero. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxx 106. -On certain products obtained from oil of turpentine by J. C'hautard. Compt. rend. xxxiv 485. I_ On the bi-hydrochlorate of turpentine by M. Berthelot. Compt. rend. xxxv 736. Tyrosin.-On tyrosin by R.Piria. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxii 251. U. U1mates.-On the absorption of soluble ulmates by plants by J. MuZuyuti. Compt. rend. xxxiv 112. Ultramarine.-New method of testing ultramarine by Dr. Bcrnheim. Cen-tralblatt. March 3 1852; Chem. Gaz. 1852 174. Uranium.-On the compounds of sesquioxide of uranium with acids by A.Girard. Compt. rend. xxxiv 22; Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 366; Chem. Gaz. 1852 41 ;J. Pharm. [3] xxi 18. 7Preparation of oxide of uranium for technical purposes by C. Giselle. Arch. Pharm. [a] lxix 150 ;Chem. Gaz. 1852 174. Urea.-Test for urea by J. Liebig. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxx 123 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxi 413 ; Pharm. J. Trans. xi 353. Ure than e.-On the composition of urethane and urethylane by R.Fagner. J. pr. Chem. liii 121 ;J. Pharm. [S] xxi 235. Uric Compounds.-On uric chlorosulphalic and percarbonic compounds :by A. Lnzlwnt. Compt. rend. xxxv 629. TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Urine.-C)n the proximate principles of human urine by N; Jfiwcet. BibI. Univ. 1852 144 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 347. -Researches on the colouring principle of urine ; existence of iron in that liquid by 0.lxarley. Pharm. J. Trans. xii 213. -Causes of the passage of albumin into the urine by 3. gobin. Compt. rend. xxxiii 698. -Phosphoric acid in normal human urine by D. Breed. Sill. Am. J. [2] xiii 224. -On the triple or ammonio-magnesian phosphates occurring in the urine and other animal fluids by J. 7K Gi’z@th. Fhil. Mag. [4] iii 373. -On the occurrence of creatinine in calves’ urine by AT. Socolo$ Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxx 114. -Examination of urine in dropsy by C. iY&ubauer. Arch. Pharm. [2] lxix 298 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 258. -Examination of a cystic calculus and cystic urine by J. Jliiller. Arch. Pharm. [2] Isix 328 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxii 76.-Absence of sugar in the urine of hysterical and epileptic patients some hours after the attacks by X. Xich6a. Compt. rend. xxxiii 669. -Presence of sugar in the urine of hysteric and epileptic patients by A. Reynoso. Compt. rend. xxxiv 18. -Detection of sulphate of quinine in urine by Dr Piule. J. Pharm. [3] xxii 303. -On the urine of the toad (Bufocinereus) by 0. Hnutz. Ann. Ch. Yharm. lxxxiv 127. V. Vacuum.-On a method of obtaining a perfect vacuum in the receiver of an air-pump by !Z’. Bndrews. Phil. Mag. [4] iii 204 ; Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 189. -Note on an apparatus for producing a vacuum by C. Fon€ui?&e. Compt. rend. xxxiv 408. Vegetable Substances.-On the preservation of animal and vegetable sub- stances by Gail. Borden,jun.Chem. Gaz. 1852 179. Vege t a ti on.-Experimental researches on vegetation (3rd part) ; influence of ammonia added to the air on the development of plants ; by il% Yille. Compt. rend. xxxv 650. Ventilation.-Further observations on the ventilation and warming cf rooms by 8. Webber. Sill. Am. J. [2] xiv 182. Vine.-On the inorganic constituents of the vine by Berthier. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxiii 249 ; Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 133. Vi n egar.-On the manufacture of vinegar by Professors Graham Hof%tunn and Playfuir. Pharm. J. Trans. xii 293. -On the preparation of pure acetic acid from wood-vinegar and brandy- vinegar by C. V6lckeZ. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxii 49 ; Chem. SOC. Qu. J. v 274. -On the nature and chemical action of moBAe~*-of-viizegm:by R.1).TAomoz.Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxsxiii 89. Violet 5.-Observations on syrup of violets by JL €l~r~cit-illo/zlilIcci.d. J. Pharrn. [3] xaii 5. IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. Vital Affinity.-Defence of the doctrine of vital affinity against the objections stated to it by Humboldt and Daubeny by Dr.Alison. Proc. Roy. SOC.Edinb. 1851.2 105. w. Water.-On the volume of water at different temperatures according to Pierre's experiments by L. Frunbnheirn. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvi 451. -On water of crystallization its relation to the constitution and solubility of salts and its behaviour in chemical reactions by P. Kremers. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvi 375. -On the influence of water on chemical reactions by H. Rose. Pogg. Ann. lxxxiv 461 547; lxxxv 107 304; lxxxvi 99 279 465 561 ; lxxxvii 1.Compounds of carbonic acid and water with sesquioxide of cobalt lxxxiv 547.-Compounds of carbonic acid and water with oxide of zinc lxxxv lO'i.-Compounds of carbonic acid and water with oxide of cadmium ibid. SOa.-Compounds of carbonic acid and water with oxide of silver ibid. 302.-General observations on the action of water on carbonic acid and its salts Lxxxvi 99 279.-Action of water on boracic acid and its salts ibid. 465.-Compounds of horacic acid and water with lime ibid. 561.-Compounds of boracic acid and water with baryta Ixxxvii 1. -Action of water at a high temperature and under strong pressure on the pyrophosphates metaphosphates cyanides &c. :by 8.Reynoso. Cotnpt. rend. xxxiv 795. -On the action of water at high pressure and temperature on certain com- pounds by 8.Reynoso.Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 98. -On the amount of water contained in the tribasic phosphate of lime by H. Lzcdwoig. Arch. Pharm. [a] lxix 286 ;Chem. Gaz. 1852 367. -On the physical and chemical constitution of natural waters by 3. Mur- ehand. Compt. rend. xxxiv 54. -On a method of detecting the presence of water in various substances and on the dehydration of alcohol by 8. Gorgeu. Compt. rend. xxxiii 690 ;J. Pharm. [3] xxi 259. -Analysis of the water of rain snow and dew by P. Meyrac. Compt. rend. xxxiv 7 14. -Examination of the chemical constitution of rain-water at different times of the year by M. Bard. Compt. rend. xxxiv 58. ___I Second memoir on the rain-water collected at the Observatoire de Paris by M.Bu~ruZ. Compt. rend. xxxv 427 ; Phil. Mag. [4] iv 396. -Red rain fallen at Rheims ;examination of the water by M. CuAours. Compt. rend. xxxv 832. -Foreign substances in rain-water collected in Paris and Lyons. Pogg. Ann. lxxxvi 332. -Analysis of the water supplied by the Winchester Water-works Company by I! J. and m7; Eeruputh. Chem. Gaz. 1852 212. -Note on the existence of strontia in the well-waters of Bristol T. and 2'. J. Heraputh. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. v 193. -Examination of water used in irrigation :by Chvandier and SuZve'tat. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxiv 301. -Notice respecting the analysis of mineral waters containing magnesia by I% Pilnzantzs. Ann. Gh. Pharm. lxxxi 369.TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPEERS Water.-Comparative research of iodine and certain other matters in the waters which supply Paris London and Turin by A Chatin. Compt. rend. xxsv 46 127. -On the physical constitution of potable waters and their influence upon the development of goitre and cretinisin by M. itlurchand. Compt. rend. xxxiv 178 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxi 94. -General considerations on thermal waters by C. Bloizdeutv. J. Pharm. [3] xxii 265. -Report on M. Filhol's memoir entitled " Researches on the sulphuretted mineral waters of Bagnkres-de-Luchon and LabassBre followed by general considerations on the sulphuretted waters of the Pyrenees :' by itf.Bulurd. Compt. rend. xxxv 37. -Analysis of the mineral water of CuBse in Savoy by Jf.Pyrume Jfuri?~ J. Pharm. [3] xxi 5. -Analysis of the water of the Dead Sea and the river Jordan by .EM. Boutrodhurlarcl and Henry. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 161. -Mineral sulphurous and thermal water of St. Honor4 (NiBvre) by 0. Henry. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 401. -Analysis of the mineral water of Jenzat (Allier) by M. &fort. J. Pharrn. [3] xxi 340. -On the mineral waters of Mytilene by X. Landerer. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 215. -On the detection of nickel and cobalt in the mineral waters of Ndrac jArdBche) by M. iilazade. Compt. rand. xxxiv 479. -Titanium and zirconium in the waters of Neyrac (ArdBche) by it!. Muzude. Compt rend. xxxiv 952 ; xxxv 258. -On the external and internal relations of the aerated thermal waters at Nauheim by C.B/.onzeis. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxi 129. -On the petrifying waters of Salles-la-Source and the sulphuretted waters of Pont (Aveyron) by C. Bloncleazr. Compt. rend. xxxv 147. -Composition of the Schlangenbad water by B'resenius. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxsxiii 252. -Analysis of the mineral waters of Wiesbaden and Ems by Fresenius. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 249. -Chemical examination of the sulpliureous spring at Weilbach in the Duchy of Nassau by I€. Will. Ann. Ch. Pharm lxxxi 93. -Researches on the incrustation of boilers fed with sea-water by iK Couste. Compt. rend. sxxv 186. Wax,-On the detection and estimation of stearic acid in bees'-wax by 31,Overbeck. J. Pharm. [3] xui 31). -On the oxidation of Chinese wax by N. 8. M'rskeZyne. Chem.SOC.Qu. J. v 24. Weapons.-Chemical examination of certain coins and weapons of the ancient by J. A. PhiZl@s. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxi 206. Weight.-On a process for the rigorous adjustment of weights intended for very exact weighings by Jf. DeZeuil. Compt. rend. xxxiv 2 12. Wheat.-On the detection of wheat-flour in rye-flour. Pogg. Ann. Ixxxv 145. Wine.-On the bouquet of wine by F. L. I?i'iicklei*. Jahrb. f. prakt. Pharm. xxv 7 ; Pharm. J. Trans. xii 255. IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. Wood.-On the manufacture of gas from wood by Dr. Pettenkofeer. Centralb. Mar. 10 1852 ; Chem. Gaz. 1852 179. -On the occurrence of metallic iron in fossil-wood by T.G. Lettsom. Phil. Mag. [4] iv 333 ; J. pr. Chem. liv 194 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxi 233.-On the occurrence of berberine in Columbo wood (Menispermum [Cosci- ?&m] fenestratum.) Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxiii 276. Phil. Mag [4] iv 99 ; Pharm. J. Trans. xii 188. Wood-spirit.-Sulphur in pyroligneous spirit by Reuben Phillips. Chem. Gaz. 1852 252 M700dy Fibre.-Origin and composition of woody fibre and of the fibres of the Eiber by A Trgcul. Cornyt. rend. xxxv 248. He72ry. Wootz.-On the composition of wootz or Indian steel by I! €I. Phil. Mag. [4] iv 42. Y. Yeast.-Analysis of yeast from Mr. Thomson’s baking-house at Glasgow by R.D.Fhomsort. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 372. -On the quantity of yeast used in making bread Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxii 371. Z. Zilnc.-On the supposed crystallization of zinc in forms of the regular system by G.Rose. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 293. -On the amalgamated zinc of constant batteries by M. NickZ2~. J. Pharm. [3] xxi 266. -On oxide of zinc by Dr. Wz’ttstein. Pharm. J. Trans. xi 571. I_ On the occurrence of crystalline zinc-oxide as a furnace-product by W. P. Bluke. Sill. Am. J. ii xiii 417. -On the compounds of carbonic acid and water with oxide of zinc by E. nose. Pogg. Ann. lxxxv 107. -Improvements in ubtaining chloride of zinc carbonate of soda &c. Pharm. J. Trans. xii 142. -Action of chloride of zinc on cellulose by M. Burreswil. J. Pharm. 131 xxi 205. 7 Etherification by chloride of zinc. J Pharm. [3] xxi 37. Zinc.-Note on white lead compared with zinc-white by N. Yersepuy-Compt rend. xxxv 103.-Use of sulphate of zinc for the preservation of animal substances. Compt. rend. xxxiv 58 111. Zirconia.-Zirconia in the waters of Neyrac (ArdBche) by 111. JIaxde. Compt. rend. xuxiv 952.

ISSN:1743-6893    

DOI:10.1039/QJ8530500323

出版商:RSC    

年代:1853

数据来源: RSC