摘要:

SummaryThe equine herpesvirus type‐1 modified live‐vaccine strain RacH (256th passage on porcine embryonic kidney cells) was investigated by restriction‐enzyme analysis and compared to representative plaque isolates of the 12th passage (RacL11, RacL22) and 185th passage (RacM24, RacM36). The restriction patterns of all Rac plaque isolates differed compared with reference strain Ab4. The left ULterminus was shortened by 0.1 kbp and a missingBamHI site led to the fusion of the f and t fragments. In some Rac derivatives, losses of restriction sites without deletions were observed: 1. OneBamHI site located in the ribosyl reductase gene was missing in RacH, RacM24, RacM36, and RacL22; and 2. AnSaiI site mapping to the gp14 (gB) gene was absent in RacM24, RacM36 and RacH. An identical deletion of 0.85 kbp in size was found in both copies of the inverted repeat (IR) regions of RacH. The deletion was present only in the terminal IR of the medium‐passage derivative RacM36. By contrast, in the genomes of the apathogenic RacM24, as well as the pathogenic plaque isolates RacL11 and RacL22, no deletions in the IRs were detectable. Nucleotide‐sequence and Northern‐blot analyses revealed that the deletions led to the elimination of one or both copies of the gene 67 (IR6) open‐reading frame in RacM36 and RacH and affected the gene 68 (

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1996.tb00282.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effects of administration of an established, inactivated IBR vaccine were studied in 30 cows from two herds (one seropositive and one seronegative). All acquired immunity which, after subsequent intratracheal infection with IBR virus, prevented development of symptoms in the cows and protected their foetuses against viral infectionin utero. The calves were all healthy and were born at normal term. Ten non‐vaccinated cows from the seronegative herd responded to the experimental infection with mild respiratory disease and abortion of four out of 10 foetuses. Organs from the aborted foetuses were found to have IBR virus.In a breeding herd, without clinical signs of disease but with 40 % of cows tested as seropositive, a 2‐year disease‐control programme was initiated. A total of 234 newborn calves were examined and it was shown that immunization of their dams with an inactivated vaccine conferred fullin uteroprotection against IBR‐virus infection. When such calves are reared in isolation they can be used as the nucleus for a seronegative breedi

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1996.tb00283.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPrevalence of Motile Salmonellae in Egg‐laying Hens at the End of the Laying PeriodA total of 3504 hens of the layer‐type from 122 flocks (belonging to 89 farms), each with more than 10,000 animals, were culturally examined at the time of slaughter. Of these hens, 2112 (60.3 %) from 74 flocks (60.7 %) were obtained from 21.3 % of the laying‐hen farms in a selected region of Lower Saxony in Germany. The other hens came from the remaining part of Lower Saxony and seven other German states (Brandenburg, Mecklenburg Vorpommern, North Rhine Westphalia, Schleswig Holstein, Saxony, Saxony Anhalt, and Thuringia). After arrival at the slaughter house, a random sample of 29 layers was collected from each of the flocks, and liver and spleen, as well as cecal samples, were separately cultured for each bird.Motile salmonellae could be proved in 365 (10.4 %) layers from 67 flocks (54.9 %). In the selected region, 48 out of 74 flocks (64.9 %) and 289 out of 2112 layers (13.7 %) wereSalmonella‐positive. However, the isolation frequency of salmonellae did not differ significantly between flocks of brown and white layers. TheseSalmonella (S.)isolates could be serologically assigned to 6 different serovars, namelyS. enteritidis (SE), S. infantis (SI), S. livingstone (SL), S. typhimurium (ST), S. Indiana (SID)andS. cerro; only one isolate of serogroup D1 was incompletely serotyped.SEwas detected in 5.8 % of the hens from 47.5 % of the tested flocks, of which 4.6 % of the animals and 32.8 % of the flocks came from the selected region in Lower Saxony. The SE isolates were classified into 12 different lysotypes. In 41 out of 58 SE‐positive flocks (70.7 %), the isolates belonged to lysotype (lt) 4, in 12 flocks (20.7 %) to lt 8, in 5 flocks (8.6 %) to lt 7, and in 3 flocks (5.2 %) to lt 11. A total of 190 (93.1 %) out of 204 isolates of the serovarSEcarried plasmids. All the plasmid‐positiveSE‐strains harboured the serovar‐specific 37 MD virulence‐plasmid, nine of them (4.4 %) in conjunction with a second and eight strains (3.9 %) with a second and a third smaller plasmid.ZusammenfassungInsgesamt wurden 3504 Hühner des Legetyps aus 122 Herden mit mehr als 10,000 Tieren (89 Bestände) am Ende der Legeperiode auf Salmonellen untersucht. Von diesen Legehühnern kamen 2112 (60,3 %) aus 74 Herden (60,7 %) einer ausgewählten Region Niedersachsens, in der mit 21,3 % der Bestände ein repräsentativer Anteil in diese Studie einbezogen wurde. Die übrigen Legehennen stammten aus anderen Teilen Niedersachsens und 7 weiteren Bundesländern (Brandenburg, Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern, Nordrhein‐Westfalen, Schleswig‐Holstein, Sachsen, Sachsen‐Anhalt und Thüringen). Stichprobenartig wurden einer jeden Herde nach dem Eintreffen auf dem Schlachthof 29 Tiere entnommen und Leber und Milz sowie Caecaltonsillen eines jeden Tieres einzeln kulturell untersucht.Der kulturelle Nachweis von beweglichen Salmonellen erfolgte in 67 Herden (54,9 %) und in 365 der untersuchten Hühner (10,4 %). In der ausgewählten Region waren 48 von 74 Herden (64,9%) und 289 von 2112 untersuchten Legehühnern (13,7%) kulturellSalmonella‐positiv. Im Hinblick auf die Salmonellennachweishäufigkeit war zwischen den Herden brauner und weißgefiederter Legehennen kein signifikanter Unterschied erkennbar. Es wurden sieben verschiedene Serovare, nämlichS. enteritidis (SE), S. infantis (SI), S. livingstone (SL), S. typhimurium (ST), S. Indiana (SID), S. cerro (SC)und ein nicht weiter bestimmbares Isolat der D1‐Serogruppe serologisch identifiziert.SEwurde in 47,5 % der untersuchten Herden und 5,8 % der Legehennen nachgewiesen, von denen 32,8 % der Herden und 4,6 % der Legehennen in die ausgewählte Region gehörten. DieSE‐Stämme ließen sich 12 verschiedenen Lysotypen zuordnen. In 41 von 58SE‐positiven Herden (70,7%) gehörten die Isolate dem Lysotyp 4, in 12 (20,7%) dem Lysotyp 8, in fünf (8,6 %) dem Lysotyp 7 und in drei (5,2 %) dem Lysotyp 11 an. Als Träger von Plasmiden erwiesen sich 190 (93,1 %) von 204SE‐Stämmen. In allen diesen Plasmid‐positivenSE‐Stämmen ließ sich das serovarspezifische 37 MDa‐Virulenz‐plasmid nachweisen. Bei neun Stämmen (4,4 %) waren ein weiteres

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1996.tb00284.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe aim of this investigation was to examine whether the treatment of bitches with doramectin is able to prevent pre‐natal and galactogenic infections withToxocara canisin their pups. Five experimentally infected beagle bitches were treated subcutaneously with 1 mg doramectin per kg body weight on each of days 40 and 55 of their pregnancy. Another infected bitch served as an untreated control. The efficacy of the medication was examined by counting the intestinal stages and somatic larvae in bitches and pups.The treatment did not completely prevent perinatal infections withT. canis. Intestinal stages and/or somatic larvae occurred in 16 of 20 pups. Seven pups developed patent infections. Compared to the control pups, the average worm burden (intestinal stages) of pups from treated bitches was less than 1 %. No impairment of condition or physical development was noticed in the pups during the investigations. From the second week of life, the pups of the non‐medicated bitch showed signs of a severe toxocarosis. No side effects were seen in the bitches after treatment with doramec

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1996.tb00285.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPurified pulmonary mast cells were obtained from bovine lung using a combination of enzymatic digestion of tissue, density gradient centrifugation using Percoll, and centrifugal elutriation. In the initial procedure, lung tissue was enzymatically digested with collagenase, hyaluronidase, protease and elastase in three 30 min incubations at 37 °C. Monodispersed cell suspensions contained between 2 and 6 % mast cells. Further purification of these mast cells by Percoll gradients and elutriation consistently yielded mast cells of>90 % purity. These cells were morphologically intact, viable and functional, as determined by histamine release evoked by secretagogue challenge. Incubation of BLMCs withPasteurella haemolyticaA1 culture supernate containing leucotoxin (LCT) alone, resulted in increased histamine release compared to controls. LCT also potentiated calcium ionophore (Cal)‐induced histamine release from BLM

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1996.tb00286.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA survey ofSarcocystiswas conducted in cattle, sheep, goats, donkeys and chickens. A total of 671 haematoxylin—eosin (H—E) stained muscle tissue samples, including diaphragm, masseter, cardiac and oesophageal musculatures were examined. Additionally, cardiac muscle samples from 40 fetuses were included. An infestation rate of 93 % in sheep, 82 % in cattle, 81 % in goats, 16.6 % in donkeys and 6.6 % in chickens was noted. The infestation rate of diaphragm, masseter, cardiac and oesophageal musculatures seems to be similar. None of the 40 fetal heart muscle samples from bovine, ovine, caprine and donkey fetuses examined harbouredSarcocystis.An attempt was made to demonstrate the possible occurrence of humanSarcocystisand a negative result was obtained. The possible impact ofSarcocystison animal health in Ethiopia is discus

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1996.tb00287.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA laboratory study was performed in order to identify the possible cause of death in chipmunks (Tamias sibiricus) imported from China with respiratory disease. Severe congestion, alveolar oedema and fibrinous pleuritis were observed. Biochemical analyses identified the causative organism asPasteurella haemolytica.Anin vitrosusceptibility test using various antimicrobial agents revealed sensitivity to β‐lactams (ampicillin and amoxicillin) and streptomyc

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1996.tb00288.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Boyd, J. S. und C. Paterson C., Farbatlas der klinischen Anatomie von Hund und KatzeZipfel, W., Lebensmittelrecht.Lebensmittelrecht/Text.Lebensmittelrecht/Text.

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1996.tb00289.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryFive pregnant mares, at between 6 and 8 months gestation, were experimentally infected with theBucyrusstrain of equine arteritis virus (EAV). Of the five mares, four aborted and one died. The pathogenesis of the abortions was studied, using histopathologic techniques, tissue immunofluorescence and virus isolation. Common microscopic lesions in the maternal reproductive organs indicated myometritis with a degeneration of the myocytes and an infiltration of the mononuclear cells. Epithelial cells of the endometrial gland showed sporadic degeneration. Lesions in the fetal tissue included an atrophy of the lymphoid follicles in the spleen and lymph nodes with degenerated lymphocytes. The placentae were oedematous and degenerated fibroblasts were observed in the subvillous layers. Immunofluorescence detected EAV antigen in the myometrium and the endometrial gland in the dams, in the subvillous layer of the placentae, and in the aborted fetuses. EAV was recovered from the maternal uteri, placentae and fetuses. The placentae yielded the greatest amounts of the virus. Transplacental infection of the fetus was clearly demonstrated in the EAV infection.

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1996.tb00290.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryReticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) proviral DNA appears to be a frequent contaminant in Marek's disease (MD) vaccines. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was established and evaluated for its ability to detect REV proviral DNA in infected cell cultures and chicken tissues. Deoxynucleotide primers were selected from the highly conserved gag region of the REV genome. The amplification products were identified by electrophoresis, nested PCR and by hybridization with a digoxigenine‐labelled oligonucleotide. The PCR results correlated well with the diagnosis obtained by conventional procedures, i.e. virus isolation or indirect immunofluorescence test (IIFT

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1996.tb00291.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY